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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Vladimir Otrachshenko (National Bank of Slovakia); Olga Popova (Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies) |
| Abstract: | This paper contributes to a better understanding of the drivers of electoral support for Green parties and the environmental actions they promote, which is crucial for ensuring the long-term feasibility of environmental policies. We examine whether individual environmental preferences translate into voting for Green parties and analyze the mechanisms behind this effect. Employing an individual-level survey from developed and developing economies matched with the political parties’ programs globally, we find that individuals who prefer environmental protection over economic growth are likely to translate their preferences into voting and supporting Green parties. These findings are robust to alternative definitions of Green parties and environmental preferences, as well as to potential endogeneity concerns. The key mechanisms behind this relationship are changes in the stringency of environmental regulations, individual economic insecurity, and individual- and country-level exposure to environmental changes. The effect of environmental preferences on Green party voting is less pronounced among individuals living in rural areas and those who are economically disadvantaged, including those with lower levels of education and income. These results suggest that support for Green parties and environmental policies is contingent on voters’ economic security even when environmental preferences are strong. |
| JEL: | D72 H11 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:svk:wpaper:1120 |
| By: | Rida Lyammouri; Boglarka Bozsogi |
| Abstract: | Fluctuating precipitation and extreme weather are long-standing features of life in West Africa, the Sahel, and the Lake Chad Basin. Communities across the region have historically adapted to these unique climatic conditions in diverse ways. However, the growing impact of climate change, coupled with challenges to food security and ecological resilience, has elevated these issues on the agendas of regional and international policy platforms. Despite this recognition, the region faces significant capacity-building needs and a lack of vertical integration of sub-national actors in climate strategy—both of which are essential to unlocking the transformative economic potential of climate action. What the region needs now is not more high-level strategies, but concrete implementation. Climate has rightfully gained prominence among strategic priorities, yet actions continue to lag behind rhetoric. Local, regional, and national leaders must approach climate, environmental, and food system issues holistically—embedding them within the local sociocultural and economic context. Crucially, they must also acknowledge and address the role of resource management structures that perpetuate the vicious cycles linking climate stress and conflict. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbagri:pb_21-25 |
| By: | Beatrice Bertelli (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia); Marianna Brunetti (CEIS & DEF, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", GLO and Cefin); Costanza Torricelli (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, CEFIN and CeRP); Mariangela Zoli (CEIS & DEF, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" and SEEDS) |
| Abstract: | This paper addresses two main research questions in sustainable finance: what is the household willingness to pay for sustainable investments? Can households be stimulated in this connection by means of visual nudges? To this end we ran a pilot lab-in-the-field experiment in October-November 2024 in different branches of a large Italian bank. Three are the main results. First, the willingness to pay is lower for graduated individuals, but higher for those with an investment horizon between 1 and 5 years, and among those engaged in volunteering and concerned about climate change. Second, the exposure to a negative visual treatment, by contrast to a positive one, causes an average increase in the willingness to pay for Environmental, Social, and Governance assets, albeit this effect vanishes once the model is augmented with control variables. Third, when dissecting results by the factor of interest, the negative visual treatment significantly increases the willingness to pay among the investors interested in the Environmental dimension only. This suggests that, with a suitable leverage, the demand and willingness to pay for all sustainability dimensions can be nudged, with important industry and policy implications. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable finance; household financial choices; willingness to pay;visual nudges; lab-in-the field experiment |
| JEL: | D14 G11 M30 |
| Date: | 2025–05–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rtv:ceisrp:600 |
| By: | Zongrong Li; Haiyang Li; Yifan Yang; Siqin Wang; Yingxin Zhu |
| Abstract: | Wildfires in urbanized regions, particularly within the wildland-urban interface, have significantly intensified in frequency and severity, driven by rapid urban expansion and climate change. This study aims to provide a comprehensive, fine-grained evaluation of the recent 2025 Los Angeles wildfire's impacts, through a multi-source, tri-environmental framework in the social, built and natural environmental dimensions. This study employed a spatiotemporal wildfire impact assessment method based on daily satellite fire detections from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), infrastructure data from OpenStreetMap, and high-resolution dasymetric population modeling to capture the dynamic progression of wildfire events in two distinct Los Angeles County regions, Eaton and Palisades, which occurred in January 2025. The modelling result estimated that the total direct economic losses reached approximately 4.86 billion USD with the highest single-day losses recorded on January 8 in both districts. Population exposure reached a daily maximum of 4, 342 residents in Eaton and 3, 926 residents in Palisades. Our modelling results highlight early, severe ecological and infrastructural damage in Palisades, as well as delayed, intense social and economic disruptions in Eaton. This tri-environmental framework underscores the necessity for tailored, equitable wildfire management strategies, enabling more effective emergency responses, targeted urban planning, and community resilience enhancement. Our study contributes a highly replicable tri-environmental framework for evaluating the natural, built and social environmental costs of natural disasters, which can be applied to future risk profiling, hazard mitigation, and environmental management in the era of climate change. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.01721 |
| By: | Yao, W.; Morganti, T. M.; Wu, J.; Borchers, M.; Anschütz, A.; Bednarz, L.‐K.; Bhaumik, A.; Böttcher, M.; Burkhard, K.; Cabus, T.; Chua, A. S.; Diercks, I.; Esposito, M.; Fink, M.; Fouqueray, M.; Gasanzade, F.; Geilert, S.; Hauck, J.; Havermann, F.; Hellige, I.; Hoog, S.; Jürchott, M.; Kalapurakkal, H. T.; Kemper, J.; Kremin, I.; Lange, I.; Lencina‐Avila, J. M.; Liadova, M.; Liu, F.; Mathesius, S.; Mehendale, N.; Nagwekar, T.; Philippi, M.; Luz, G. L. N.; Ramasamy, M.; Stahl, F.; Tank, L.; Vorrath, M.‐E.; Westmark, L.; Wey, H.‐W.; Wollnik, R.; Wölfelschneider, M.; Bach, W.; Bischof, K.; Boersma, M.; Daewel, U.; Fernández‐Méndez, M.; Geuer, J. K.; Keller, D. P.; Kopf, A.; Merk, C.; Moosdorf, N.; Oppelt, N.; Oschlies, A.; Pongratz, J.; Proelss, A.; Rehder, G. J.; Rüpke, L.; Szarka, N.; Thraen, D.; Wallmann, K.; Mengis, N. |
| Abstract: | Marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) and geological carbon storage in the marine environment (mCS) promise to help mitigate global climate change alongside drastic emission reductions. However, the implementable potential of mCDR and mCS depends, apart from technology readiness, also on site-specific conditions. In this work, we explore different options for mCDR and mCS, using the German context as a case study. We challenge each option to remove 10 Mt CO₂ yr⁻¹, accounting for 8%–22% of projected hard-to-abate and residual emissions of Germany in 2045. We focus on the environmental, resource, and infrastructure requirements of individual mCDR and mCS options at specific sites, within the German jurisdiction when possible. This serves as an entry point to discuss main uncertainty factors and research needs beyond technology readiness, and, where possible, cost estimates, expected environmental effects, and monitoring approaches. In total, we describe 10 mCDR and mCS options; four aim at enhancing the chemical carbon uptake of the ocean through alkalinity enhancement, four aim at enhancing blue carbon ecosystems' sink capacity, and two employ geological off‐shore storage. Our results indicate that five out of 10 options would potentially be implementable within German jurisdiction, and three of them could potentially meet the challenge. Our exercise serves as an example on how the creation of more tangible and site-specific CDR options can provide a basis for the assessment of socio-economic, ethical, political, and legal aspects for such implementations. The approach presented here can easily be applied to other regional or national CDR capacity considerations. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:318073 |
| By: | Minghao Qiu; Christopher W. Callahan; Iván Higuera-Mendieta; Lisa Rennels; Bryan Parthum; Noah S. Diffenbaugh; Marshall Burke |
| Abstract: | Human-induced climate change has increased wildfire risks, associated air pollution, and health damages in North America. Despite its large potential for damage, climate-induced wildfire smoke is rarely incorporated in estimates of the societal costs of climate change. We develop an integrated framework to estimate PM₂.₅ from climate-induced wildfire smoke and the associated mortality damage in the U.S. Our framework combines econometric estimates of smoke-mortality relationships, machine learning estimates of climate-smoke relationships, and econometric estimates of negative feedbacks between current and future wildfire activity. We estimate that 3°C of future warming will lead to 46, 200 annual deaths associated with smoke pollution in the US, doubling estimated mortality from smoke during 2011-2020. For an additional tonne of CO₂ emitted in 2025, we estimate a partial social cost of carbon of $15.1 (95%CI: $2.5-$49.3) due to climate-induced wildfire smoke mortality in the U.S, which doubles current estimates of the U.S. domestic social cost of carbon. We estimate that smoke-related mortality benefits due to projected emissions reductions from the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act are alone equal to 25% of estimated abatement costs associated with the Act. |
| JEL: | Q51 Q52 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33829 |
| By: | Aslanidis, Panagiotis-Stavros; Halkou, Panagiota; Halkos, George |
| Abstract: | The aim of the review is to investigate the critical role of psychological and sociocultural factors in sustainable development. Unlike traditional approaches that prioritize mainly on technical and economic solutions, the novelty of this work lies in its reframing of sustainability through a deeply social and ethical lens. The paper introduces a multidimensional perspective on sustainable transformation through an extensive synthesis of behavioural theories, climatic-oriented psychological elements (e.g., eco-anxiety), and cultural practices (e.g., biomimicry). The three review’s objectives are to: (i) incorporate psychological and sociocultural dimensions into sustainable development agenda; (ii) demonstrate how values, norms, and perceptions shape pro-environmental behaviours; and (iii) call for an ethical consensus across societal sectors. Essentially, this integrative approach seeks to build more inclusive, resilient, and ethically grounded pathways to sustainable development, as sustainable development is not only a techno-economic challenge, but also a deeply socio-ethical endeavour. |
| Keywords: | environmental psychology; environmental sociology; environmental economics; sustainable consumer behaviour; sustainable employee behaviour; sustainable development; ethics. |
| JEL: | D64 M14 Q01 Q5 Q50 Q59 Z1 |
| Date: | 2025–05–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124903 |
| By: | Fletcher, Robert; Buchholz, Georg; de Lange, Emiel; Felandro, Isabel; Hotz, Hannes; Kelman, Ariana; Khanyari, Munib; Mcloughlin, Lee; Mumbunan, Sonny; Neumärker, Bernhard; Saif, Omar; Simonneau, Martin; Stinson, Jim; Sze, Jocelyne; West, Ben |
| Abstract: | This article outlines the case for a Basic Income for Nature and Climate (BINC): a novel mechanism for funding biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation activities. Over the past 150 years, the international conservation movement has successfully protected endangered species in many places throughout the world (Langhammer et al. 2024). Yet it currently struggles to confront rapidly accelerating global biodiversity loss, which some have labelled the sixth extinction crisis (WWF 2024). This biodiversity crisis is compounded by the growing impacts of anthropogenic climate change. Conservation and climate policy have thus become increasingly conjoined (Locke et al. 2021). At the same time, however, there is growing recognition that dominant conservation approaches, centred mainly on creation and enforcement of protected areas (PAs) and other area-based measures, have produced a range of social injustices, including widespread displacement or marginalization of those living in or near conservation-critical spaces (Dowie 2011; Tauli-Corpuz et al 2020). Growing economic inequality throughout the world is a documented threat to biodiversity (Mikkelson et al. 2007). Yet rather than redressing this inequality, conservation has unfortunately often contributed to it by further marginalizing the rural poor who most directly rely on biodiversity for their livelihoods and who are most negatively impacted by climate change (Turner et al. 2012). (...) |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fribis:318190 |
| By: | Drago, Carlo; Costantiello, Alberto; Arnone, Massimo; Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the correlation between financial inclusion and the Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) aspects of sustainable development for a big panel of 103 developing nations over 12 years. Financial inclusion as a measure is taken through the Account Age variable capturing adults having access to formal financial institutions as a percentage. The analysis revolves around the three main ESG pillars each through panel data regressions complemented by instrumental variable (IV) approaches in addressing endogeneity concerns. In the Environment (E) dimension, we find conventional agricultural forms (e.g., extensive agricultural land areas and agriculture value added) as having a negative effect on financial inclusion, but the environmental modernization proxies—renewable energy utilization, food production, climate resilience, and areas under protection—exhibit positive and significant correlations. In the Social (S) dimension, development indicator variables like spending on education, internet penetration, life years at birth, sanitation, and gender equity emerge as strong predictors of higher financial inclusion, and labor market participation is found to have a negative effect, possibly due to the dynamics of employment in the informal sector. The Governance (G) analysis shows positive correlation with controlling corruption and innovation production (applications for patents) as arguments for increased financial access improving institutional transparency and economic ingenuity and a negative correlation with regulatory quality as a concern for capacity gaps in rapidly digitizing economies. Through the means of ESG-matched environmental instruments, this paper presents a unique cross-dimensional approach to sustainable finance and shows through counterfactual analysis under both average and counterfactual distributions that policies supporting financial inclusion can be a path to multiple benefits on the environmental sustainability, social equity, and governance effectiveness axes—key requirements for the success of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Global South. |
| Keywords: | Financial Inclusion, ESG Framework, Developing Countries, Instrumental Variables, Sustainable Development. |
| JEL: | C33 G21 H55 I38 O16 O44 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–05–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124827 |
| By: | Derrien, François (HEC Paris); Garel, Alexandre (Audencia Business School); Romec, Arthur (Toulouse Business School); Zhou, Feng (Toulouse Business School) |
| Abstract: | We study climate-risk related engagements by one of the world's largest investors. Climate risk engagements represent a growing fraction of ESG engagements and are more frequent in high carbon emissions industries. We find that firms with greater carbon footprint and greater exposure to climate transition risk are more likely to be targeted. Following a climate risk engagement, targeted firms are more likely to commit to adopt a science-based climate target and to disclose climate-related information. Targeted firms also experience a reduction in their carbon emissions. However this reduction is limited to scope 1 and 2 emissions and its magnitude is inconsistent with net-zero targets. We also find that climate risk engagements are associated with greater voting support for management. Overall, our results suggest that shareholder engagement on climate issues can be an important tool in the fight against climate change. |
| Keywords: | Shareholder Engagement; Climate Change; Carbon Emissions; ESG; Activism |
| JEL: | D62 G23 G32 G34 M14 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–01–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ebg:heccah:1543 |
| By: | Ahrens, Leo; Bremer, Björn (Central European University); Hakelberg, Lukas (Leuphana University of Lüneburg) |
| Abstract: | Carbon inequality implies that wealthy individuals contribute more to climate change than asset-poor indi-viduals, which is primarily driven by higher levels of consumption and investment in carbon-intensive in-dustries. Yet the prevailing policy response—the carbon tax—is regressive, as it places a higher relative bur-den on low-income than on high-income households. It is therefore politically unpopular, given that percep-tions of distributional fairness strongly shape public support for climate policies. We conduct two comple-mentary survey experiments to examine preferences over a recent policy proposal developed in response to accumulating evidence of carbon inequality: wealth taxation to finance the green transition. Using a ran-domized controlled trial, we find that while baseline support for wealth taxation is high among respondents in Germany, exposing them to a compensatory argument emphasizing carbon inequality does not further increase this support. However, emphasizing carbon inequality increases support for using wealth tax reve-nues to finance the green transition, making this the most popular option for using the revenue. A conjoint survey experiment further demonstrates that spending wealth tax revenue on public investment in transport infrastructure, subsidies for private investment in low-carbon technologies, and redistributive measures such as a lump-sum payment to all households paying carbon taxes receives the highest support among German respondents. In contrast, subsidies for the purchase of electric vehicles and investment in geo-engineering are highly unpopular. These findings suggest that invoking carbon inequality can help build democratic majorities for using wealth taxation to finance investment in climate change mitigation and adaptation. Hence, there is a path towards lower emissions and greater climate resilience that is unlikely to produce popular backlash. |
| Date: | 2025–05–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:h6rxc_v1 |
| By: | Harrison Hong; Serena Ng; Jiangmin Xu |
| Abstract: | We estimate the return of climate adaptation by modeling the uncertain impact of global warming for extreme weather. Unexpected arrivals elevate extreme-weather risk, which leads households and firms to adapt and thereby lowering the damage of each subsequent arrival. Our approach provides country-specific estimates of disaster risk as extreme-weather events unfold, and state-dependent marginal effects of extreme-weather damage on economic growth. Applying our approach to cyclones and heatwaves from 1980-2019, average country income in 2019 is several percent lower absent state-dependent adaptation. Adaptation becomes significantly more valuable in the long run as the uncertainty regarding extreme weather is resolved. |
| JEL: | O1 O40 O47 Q50 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33824 |
| By: | Pol Campos-Mercade (Department of Economics, Lund University); Claes Ek (Department of Economics, University of Gothenburg); Magnus Soederberg (Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics, Griffith University); Florian H. Schneider (Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen) |
| Abstract: | Standard economic theory assumes that consumers ignore the externalities they create, such as emissions from burning fossil fuels and generating waste. In an incentivized study (N = 3, 718), we find that most people forgo substantial gains to avoid imposing negative externalities on others. Using administrative data on household waste, we show a clear link between such prosociality and waste behavior: prosociality predicts lower residual waste generation and higher waste sorting. Prosociality also predicts survey-reported pro-environmental behaviors such as lowering indoor temperature, limiting air travel, and consuming eco-friendly products. These findings highlight the importance of considering social preferences in environmental policy. |
| Keywords: | social preferences, prosociality, environmental behaviors, externalities |
| JEL: | D01 D62 Q53 |
| Date: | 2025–05–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kud:kucebi:2506 |
| By: | Dejkam, Rahil (E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN)); Madlener, Reinhard (E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN)) |
| Abstract: | This study is about a techno-economic assessment of stand-alone, battery-buffered e-vehicle charging stations incorporating solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) energy systems in four major German cities: Berlin, Cologne, Hamburg, and Munich. Using modeling and simulation techniques, the study evaluates optimal configurations to meet daily charging demands while considering urban environments and spatial heterogeneity in meteorological conditions. Results indicate that hybrid PV/WT/battery systems are the preferred choice for renewable energy charging stations in Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich as they are able to minimize net present cost (NPC) and levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) while meeting daily charging demand and environmental targets. In Cologne, in contrast, due to higher wind availability, WT/battery systems emerge as the most cost-effective option. Sensitivity analysis shows the impact of load and storage capacity on economic metrics such as NPC and LCOE, with NPC values ranging from €524, 836 to €1, 640, 000 across various load scenarios considered. The findings demonstrate the potential for enhancing economic feasibility via solar tracking systems, increased wind turbine hub heights, and offshore wind deployment. This study provides actionable insights for integrating renewable energy into EV charging infrastructure, thus contributing to Germany’s decarbonization and energy transition efforts. |
| Keywords: | Electric Vehicle; Stand-Alone Hybrid Charging Station; Hybrid Renewable Energy; Green Mobility; Techno-Economic Feasibility |
| JEL: | Q20 Q21 Q49 Q50 |
| Date: | 2023–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:fcnwpa:2023_013 |
| By: | Meuleneers, Lara (Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University); Engelmann, Linda (Chair of Communication Science, RWTH Aachen University); Ostojic, Suzana (Institute of Sustainability in Civil Engineering (INaB), RWTH Aachen University); Harzendorf, Freia (Institute of Climate and Energy Systems – Juelich Systems Analysis (ICE-2)); Sheykhha, Siamak (E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN)); Ziefle, Martina (Human-Computer Interaction Center, RWTH Aachen University); Madlener, Reinhard (E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN)); Rezo, Daniel (Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University); Zapp, Petra (Systems Analysis and Technology Evaluation (IEK-STE), Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ)); Postweiler, Patrik (Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University); Deutz, Sarah (Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University); Traverso, Marzia (Institute of Sustainability in Civil Engineering (INaB), RWTH Aachen University); Stolten, Detlef (Institute of Climate and Energy Systems – Juelich Systems Analysis (ICE-2)); von der Aßen, Niklas (Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, RWTH Aachen University) |
| Abstract: | Implementing, integrating, and upscaling carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies is fundamental to meeting climate goals. To ensure climate benefits and avoid burden-shifting, CDR technologies need to be systematically assessed. This study presents key performance indicators and "showstoppers" for the assessment of CDR technologies considering the technical, environmental, economic, and social dimensions. From a literature review, we tailor an assessment framework specific to direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS). Based on the knowledge gained from the tailored indicator set for DACCS, we derive KPIs and "showstoppers" that shall serve as an initial starting point for further comprehensive comparative assessment frameworks of CDR technologies in general. We integrate learnings such as data availability gaps that can restrict indicator assessment, the partly limited scope of CDR technology assessments in literature as well as the most relevant hotspots of CDR technologies described in CDR technology assessments. The DACCS-tailored assessment framework and the CDR technology KPIs and "showstoppers" are intended to guide assessments of CDR technologies, and DACCS in particular, and to help evaluators reflect on the choice of assessment indicators. The CDR technology KPIs and "showstoppers" also highlight critical aspects that need to be considered in feasibility assessments and political decision-making processes. Finally, we derive recommendations for improving the accessibility of the identified KPIs and "showstoppers". The presented review aims to facilitate the systematic assessment of CDR technologies to be able to then inform the effective, efficient, and sustainable deployment of CDR technologies. |
| Keywords: | CDR; carbon dioxide removal; negative emissions; negative emission technologies; DACCS; direct air capture and storage; assessment indicator selection; KPI; performance indicators; evaluation; assessment criteria; showstoppers |
| JEL: | A11 |
| Date: | 2025–06–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:fcnwpa:2024_008 |
| By: | Mr. Edward R Gemayel; Mr. Samuele Rosa; Vidhi Maheshwari; Christoph Ungerer; Peter Lindner |
| Abstract: | Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) faces growing climate vulnerability, with rising temperatures and extreme weather threatening agriculture, food security, and economic growth. These challenges worsen poverty, fiscal constraints, and limited human capital investment. To address these risks, SSA countries need to scale up green investments while ensuring debt sustainability. Given insufficient traditional public financing, a mix of grants, concessional debt, and private investments is crucial. This paper presents survey results on climate finance in SSA and introduces the Climate Finance Preparedness Index (CFPI) to assess countries' readiness for green financing, highlighting the need for policy reforms, institutional strengthening, and innovative financial products. |
| Keywords: | Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA); Climate change adaptation; Climate financing; Mitigation and resilience; Public financial management (PFM) |
| Date: | 2025–05–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/099 |
| By: | Similan Rujiwattanapong (Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University and Centre for Macroeconomics); Masahiro Yoshida (Department of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University, Tokyo) |
| Abstract: | Historically, unemployment peaks in the first and third quarters—the arrival of cold winters and hot summers. This paper attributes non-seasonally-adjusted (NSA) unemployment fluctuations to temperature shocks and assesses the impact of climate change on unemployment seasonality. Combining granular daily weather across US counties with monthly unemployment rates over the period 1990-2019, we find that extreme temperature days fuel unemployment by freezing hiring and triggering layoffs and thus, insurance claims and recipients. Climate change accounts for 40% of the decline in unemployment seasonality and 13% of the moderation in fluctuations in the overall NSA unemployment rate. Accelerated future warming will propagate the unemployment seasonality through milder winters and harsher summers. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Unemployment rate, Unemployment seasonality, Unemployment insurance |
| JEL: | J63 J64 J65 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wap:wpaper:2512 |
| By: | Rock, Joachim; Adam, Sascha; Bender, Susann; Dunger, Karsten; Rüter, Sebastian; Stümer, Wolfgang |
| Abstract: | Drought, heat and bark-beetle infestations in the years 2018 till 2022 have had severe impacts on German forests. With the results of the National Forest Inventory 2022 being available since late 2023, new projections of possible future development of carbon stocks in forests and the Harvested Wood Products pool have been estimated. Such projections are required by the German Federal Climate Protection Law (CPL) on an annual basis, for policy evaluation and information. Three scenarios have been constructed and implemented in the Matrix-Model, using data from the National Forest Inventories 2012 and 2022, and the Carbon Inventory 2017: - Changes and developments as in the period 2013 - 2017 ("optimal conditions"), - as in the period 2018 - 2022 (including disturbances, "pessimistic"), and - as in the period 2013 - 2022 ("medium"). The results show that, under "optimal" conditions, -40 to -30 Mt CO2 may be removed from the atmosphere and stored in "living biomass" annually, the "medium" scenario will result in appr. -10 Mt CO2 a-1, and the "pessimistic" scenario in net emissions of 20 - 10 Mt CO2. In the two "extreme" scenarios, sequestration will drop by appr. 10 Mt CO2 per year until 2050. As a result, the targets set by the CPL will be missed significantly even under "optimal" conditions and by up to 60 Mt CO2 per year in 2030 in the "medium" scenario. Measures already implemented in LULUCF will alleviate this by just 3.7 Mt CO2-eq. per year. |
| Abstract: | Die deutschen Wälder wurden 2018 bis 2022 durch Dürren, Hitze und Borkenkäferkalamitäten deutlich geschädigt. Seit Ende 2023 sind die Ergebnisse der Bundeswaldinventur 2022 verfügbar, die neue Projektion zukünftiger Entwicklungen der Kohlenstoffvorräte in Wald und Holzprodukten ermöglichten. Diese Projektionen werden zur Information und Evaluation von Politiken vom Bundes-Klimaschutzgesetz (KSG) jährlich verlangt. Unter Nutzung des Matrix-Models wurden drei Szenarien, die auf den Daten der Bundeswaldinventuren 2012 und 2022 sowie der Kohlenstoffinventur 2017 beruhen, erstellt: - Veränderungen wie in der Periode 2013 - 2017 ("optimale" Bedingungen), - Veränderungen wie in der Periode 2018 - 2022 (mit Störungen, "pessimistisch") und - Veränderungen und Entwicklungen wie in der Periode 2013 - 2022 ("mittlere" Veränderungen). Unter "optimalen" Bedingungen können 30 bis 40 Mt CO2-Äq. pro Jahr aus der Atmosphäre in die lebende Biomasse aufgenommen werden. Das "mittlere" Szenario resultiert in ca. -10 Mt CO2-Äq. pro Jahr und das "pessimistische" in Emissionen von 10 - 20 Mt jährlich. In den beiden "extremen" Szenarien sinkt die Einbindung bis 2050 um ca. 10 Mt CO2 pro Jahr. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass selbst bei "optimalen" Bedingungen die Ziele des KSG deutlich verfehlt werden, beim "mittleren" Szenario z.B. um ca. 60 Mt CO2-Äq. in 2030. Bereits implementierte Maßnahmen im Landnutzungssektor schwächen dies nur um ca. 3, 7 Mt CO2-Äq. pro Jahr ab. |
| Keywords: | LULUCF, carbon dioxide emissions and removals, disturbance, forest management, projection report, Kohlenstoffdioxidemissionen und -aufnahme, Störungen, Waldbewirtschaftung, Projektionsbericht |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:317769 |
| By: | Hirose, Kosuke; Ishihara, Akifumi; Matsumura, Toshihiro |
| Abstract: | Motivated by the recent global trend of net-zero-emissions environmental regulations, we investigate the relationship between emissions tax rates and firm profits in oligopolies. Our result indicates that when the resulting emission levels are approximately zero, a marginal increase in the tax rate enhances firms' profits except in monopoly markets. This finding suggests that firms might not resist a further increase in environmental tax if the target emissions level is sufficiently low. Moreover, we present parametric numerical examples suggesting that the profit-enhancing range is large and not limited to near-zero emissions. |
| Keywords: | net-zero-emissions industries; emissions tax; oligopolies |
| JEL: | L13 L51 Q52 |
| Date: | 2025–05–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124825 |
| By: | valdivia coria, joab dan |
| Abstract: | The present study analyzes the nonlinear effects of climate change and external constraints on food inflation in Bolivia, integrating astronomical (solar cycle), climatic (PDO, ENSO), and macroeconomic (foreign exchange scarcity index) factors using a quantile-conditional PVAR model. The findings indicate that, under conditions of elevated solar irradiance, the influences of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and dollar scarcity on food prices are substantially amplified, resulting in increases reaching up to 10 percentage points. The interplay among extreme climate shocks (El Niño, La Niña), production stress, and exchange rate restrictions gives rise to a composite vulnerability architecture that transcends linear analytical frameworks. It is recommended that climate and astronomical variables be integrated into forecasting models, that food reserves be strengthened, that indexed climate insurance be developed, and that differential exchange rate policies be adopted for strategic sectors. The study offers pertinent empirical and methodological evidence to anticipate risk scenarios and design more resilient multi-scale responses. |
| Keywords: | Food inflation, Climate change, Foreign exchange constraints, Non-linear model. |
| JEL: | E31 F31 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–04–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124883 |
| By: | Tefera, Mulugeta; Gilligan, Daniel O.; Leight, Jessica; Tambet, Heleene |
| Abstract: | The Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) is Ethiopia’s national safety net program, launched in 2005 and currently in its fifth phase. The objective of the PSNP is to protect households’ food consumption and assets, reduce their vulnerability to shocks, and address underlying causes of extreme poverty (MoA FSCD 2020). Households who have an adult available to work are required to take part in public works that focus on building infrastructure and improving the natural resource base (MoA FSCD 2020). As such, these projects are partially designed to contribute to disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation and mitigation. However, there is limited evidence about how sustainable land management (SLM) activities are conducted under the PSNP on both publicly and privately operated lands, and how the uptake of these activities and their benefits differ by gender. |
| Keywords: | households; food consumption; poverty; shock; vulnerability; Ethiopia; Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024–09–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:poshrs:152385 |
| By: | Andreas Irmen (DEM, Université du Luxembourg); Maria Krelifa (DEM, Université du Luxembourg); Anastasia Litina (University of Macedonia) |
| Abstract: | We study an under-explored implication of population ageing, i. e., its effect on country-level environmental outcomes and on individual-level environmental attitudes. In doing so, we propose a novel classification of country-level environmental outcomes, namely action-requiring and nature-concerning. The borderline between these two categories lies in the level of civic engagement required to fulfill them. Using panel data from a broad set of countries (1995–2018), we find that population ageing is linked to improvements in environmental outcomes that require minimal civic engagement, while it shows no clear association with outcomes that depend on active participation. Analysis of survey data (2006–2016) further suggests that living in ageing societies lowers individuals’ environmental engagement, without affecting underlying environmental concern |
| Keywords: | ageing, environmental policy, individual attitudes, demographic change. |
| JEL: | J10 Q57 Q58 Q59 Z19 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:luc:wpaper:25-08 |
| By: | Miriam Manchin; Alex Newnham; Elena Nikolova |
| Abstract: | We study how pre-industrial climate risk during 1500-1800 influenced historical bilateral inward migration and present-day international migration stocks in Europe. Using high-resolution data, we find that one standard deviation increase in historical precipitation decreases the share of today’s migrants in a given location by 0.48 percentage points and also negatively influences historical migration flows. The results only hold in historically rural locations and are driven by climate variability during growing season, suggesting that climate risk affected migration through agriculture. Our findings suggest that the persistent effect of historical climate risk on current migration patterns is through differences in historical prosperity. |
| Keywords: | International Migration, Climate Risk, Historical Migration |
| JEL: | F22 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–06–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csl:devewp:503 |
| By: | Aragie, Emerta A.; Thurlow, James; Ahmed, Hashim; Jones, Eleanor |
| Abstract: | In this policy brief, we present findings of a systematic evaluation and ranking of investment options for Uganda’s agrifood system based on their cost-effectiveness in achieving multiple development outcomes, including agrifood gross domestic product (GDP) growth, agrifood job creation, poverty reduction, declining rates of undernourishment, and lowering diet deprivation. Additionally, the study assesses their impact on environmental footprints, focusing on water consumption, land use, and emissions. Investments in small and medium enterprise (SME) processors are shown to be the most cost-effective at expanding agrifood GDP and employment, while livestock extension services rank highest among the farmer-facing investments. Most R&D related interventions rank lowest in terms of cost-effectiveness at achieving economic and social outcomes. However, many cost-effec tive investments have relatively high environmental footprints, highlighting tradeoffs. The study further reveals shifts in the cost-effectiveness ranking of investment options over time and when ex treme production shocks occur. |
| Keywords: | agrifood sector; sustainable development; investment; poverty; nutrition; Uganda; Africa; Eastern Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2025–05–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:anress:174467 |
| By: | Tatsuya UJITA; Hideaki MIYAJIMA |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the background contributing to the rapid growth of the ESG bond market in Japan by evaluating the validity of two opposing hypotheses: the signaling hypothesis and the greenwashing hypothesis. This study evaluates the validity of various types of ESG bonds issued from 2018 to 2023, with a particular focus on green bonds, which account for 55% of the total issuance. The findings suggest that (1) the issuance of these green bonds is primarily based on companies' commitments to environmental improvement, (2) the equity market reacts positively to this, (3) this is interpreted as resulting from a decrease in the cost of capital (WACC) supported by evaluations in the bond market (Greenium) and an increase in holdings by institutional investors with non-pecuniary motivation for ESG investment, and (4) improvements in environmental performance in terms of ESG scores and COâ‚‚ emissions are observed after the issuance. These results are consistent with the signaling hypothesis. On the other hand, for sustainability-linked bonds, clear results supporting the signaling hypothesis were not obtained, suggesting that the possibility of greenwashing cannot be ruled out at this point. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:rdpsjp:25011 |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Kostas Dellis; Monika Mavragani; Angelos Plataniotis; Georgios Feretzakis |
| Abstract: | Human Security (HS) emphasizes safeguarding individuals from pervasive threats-ranging from poverty and health crises to environmental degradation and governance failures-by placing people's rights, needs, and dignity at the center of security and development discourse. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), serving as a global compass for equitable and sustainable progress, inherently support the well-being and resilience of people worldwide. Yet the explicit linkages between these two frameworks are not always clear. This chapter introduces a machine learning (ML) approach to systematically map how HS-related policy documents and reports align with the SDGs. Using advanced language-model embeddings and similarity scoring, our methodology identifies the extent to which each policy text addresses defined HS Aspects and their Material Issues. This allows us to move beyond simple keyword spotting toward capturing nuanced thematic alignment. The resulting scores highlight overlooked connections or synergies, enabling policymakers to see where further integration can enhance outcomes. Our mapping exercise revealed that Economic and Food Security achieved the highest similarity scores, indicating robust policy alignment. Conversely, Technological Security received lower scores, highlighting a gap in addressing digital and innovation challenges within current frameworks and the necessity for integrated policy solutions. By identifying thematic synergies and gaps, we provide policymakers with concrete insights delineate policies that simultaneously enhance SDG outcomes and strengthen HS dimensions. Our results underscore the deep interconnection between HS and the SDGs, advancing our understanding of their mutual supportiveness. This study not only fills a critical gap in research by offering a pragmatic tool for assessing document alignment with the SDGs but also proposes an inclusive framework for policymakers and scholars. This framework encourages the integration of human-centered approaches with sustainable development goals. In doing so, it highlights the essential role of cutting-edge methodologies in navigating the complexities of global security and sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Human Security (HS), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Machine Learning, Economic Policy, Textual Analysis |
| Date: | 2025–05–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2538 |
| By: | Stupak, Nataliya; Augustin, Lea; Baumann, Thomas; Broda, Stefan; Busciacco, Fabio Manuele; Ebers, Niklas; Fricke, Ekkehard; Frühauf, Cathleen; Grauthoff, Janosch; Gronimus, Susanne; Heßdörfer, Daniel; Klickermann, Felix; Ostermann, Ulrich; Rubo, Samantha; Söder, Mareike; Weinheimer, Sebastian; Zinkernagel, Jana |
| Abstract: | Der Erhalt und Ausbau der Gemüse- und Obstproduktion in Deutschland ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil zur Stärkung einer pflanzenbetonten Ernährung. Der Gartenbau ist stark von einer ausreichenden Wasserversorgung der Kulturen abhängig. Infolge der fortschreitenden Klimakrise verändert sich die Wasserverfügbarkeit und kann die Möglichkeiten zur Bewässerung verschlechtern. Diese Herausforderungen und mögliche Lösungen wurden im Rahmen der Tagung "Herausforderung Wasserverfügbarkeit und Anpassungsoptionen im Gartenbau" am 18.-19 Juni 2024 am Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL) adressiert. Die Tagung wurde gemeinsam durch das BMEL und das Thünen-Institut - Bundesforschungsinstitut für Ländliche Räume, Wald und Fischerei organisiert und hatte das Ziel, die Teilnehmenden aus Politik, Verwaltung, Praxis und Wissenschaft über den aktuellen Stand des Wissens zur Wasserverfügbarkeit für den Gartenbau zu informieren und gemeinsam die Perspektiven eines zukunftsfesten Wassermanagements für die Branche zu diskutieren... |
| Abstract: | The maintenance and expansion of vegetables and fruit production in Germany is of high importance for enabling plant-based diets. Horticulture is characterised by high reliance on water resources. Water availability has been changing due to climate crisis with negative implications for irrigation. These challenges but also available and possible solutions were the focus of the conference "Water availability challenge and adaptation options in horticulture" which took place on 18-19 June 2024 at the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture. The conference was organised jointly by the federal ministry and the Thünen Institute - Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries. Its objective was to inform the policy makers, the representatives of public administrations, practice and science about the current state of knowledge regarding water availability and its future development, and to discuss jointly the prospects of viable water management for horticultural sector... |
| Keywords: | Gartenbau, Klimawandel, Wasserverfügbarkeit, Anpassungsmaßnahmen, Bewässerung, Wasserspeicherung, Förderung, Organisationsstrukturen, Horticulture, climate change, water availability, adaptation measures, irrigation, water storage, state support, organisational forms |
| JEL: | Q15 Q25 Q28 Q32 Q34 Q38 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:317770 |
| By: | Meierrieks, Daniel; Pañeda-Fernández, Irene |
| Abstract: | This study explores the role of climate conditions in shaping return migration intentions among international migrants. Using original survey data of over 1, 000 first-generation migrants from West Africa living in Germany, we correlate observational data on temperature increases in the respondents' home regions in West Africa to their return migration intentions. Moreover, by means of a survey experiment, we investigate how informational cues about climate disasters in the migrants' origin countries might influence their desire to return home. We find that observed climate change in the form of warming does not affect return migration intentions, and neither do informational cues about climate risks that are provided in the survey experiment. Moreover, we find that differences in migrants' socioeconomic status, education or attachment to their home countries do not moderate the influence of climate change and disasters on return intentions. By contrast, in the survey experiment economic factors are found to play a decisive role: migrants are more inclined to return if job prospects in their home country improve, whereas favorable employment in Germany reduces return intentions. This latter finding provides some evidence that economic motivations rather than environmental concerns prominently shape return migration decisions. |
| Abstract: | Diese Studie untersucht die Rolle klimatischer Bedingungen bei der Entstehung von Rückkehrabsichten internationaler Migrant*innen. Anhand originärer Umfragedaten von über 1.000 Migrant*innen der ersten Generation aus Westafrika, die in Deutschland leben, korrelieren wir Beobachtungsdaten zu Temperaturanstiegen in den Herkunftsregionen in Westafrika mit den Rückkehrabsichten der Befragten. Zudem untersuchen wir mittels eines Umfrageexperiments, wie Informationshinweise zu Klimakatastrophen in den Herkunftsländern der Migrant*innen deren Wunsch zur Rückkehr beeinflussen könnten. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der beobachtete Klimawandel in Form von Erwärmung keinen Einfluss auf die Rückkehrabsichten hat - ebenso wenig wie die im Experiment gegebenen Hinweise auf Klimarisiken. Auch Unterschiede im sozioökonomischen Status, Bildungsniveau oder der Bindung an das Herkunftsland der Migrant*innen beeinflussen den Zusammenhang zwischen Klimawandel bzw. Katastrophen und Rückkehrabsichten nicht. Im Gegensatz dazu spielen im Umfrageexperiment ökonomische Faktoren eine entscheidende Rolle: Migrant*innen zeigen eine höhere Rückkehrbereitschaft, wenn sich die Berufsaussichten im Herkunftsland verbessern, während günstige Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten in Deutschland die Rückkehrabsicht verringern. Letzteres deutet darauf hin, dass ökonomische Motive - und nicht Umweltaspekte - maßgeblich die Entscheidung zur Rückkehrmigration prägen. |
| Keywords: | Rückwanderung, Klimawandel, Klimakatastrophen, Umfrageexperiment, Deutschland, Westafrika, return migration, climate change, climate disasters, survey experiment, Germany, West Africa |
| JEL: | F22 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wzbmit:318376 |
| By: | Antonia Kurz; Stela Rubínová |
| Abstract: | This study examines how policies affecting the cost of using fossil fuels in production influence comparative advantage in the industrial sector. Firstly, we use a fixed-effects gravity model to estimate the export capabilities that determine comparative advantage. Subsequently, using data on direct (carbon taxes, ETS permit prices) and indirect (fossil fuel excise taxes and subsidies) carbon pricing instruments for 45 economies from 2010 to 2018, we estimate that a 10% increase in carbon price is associated with a decline in export capability in the most carbon-intensive industry by 0.3% to 0.7%. We find empirical support for competitiveness spillovers to domestic downstream industries. Overall, changes in carbon pricing explain up to 1.2% of the variation in export capabilities over time. We illustrate the potential impact of fossil fuel subsidies removal by comparing independent action to global coordination, concluding that coordinated efforts can reduce the adverse effects on comparative advantage. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Pricing, Fossil Fuel Subsidies, Fossil Fuel Taxes, Comparative Advantage, Competitiveness |
| JEL: | F18 Q48 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp2121 |
| By: | Fiegenbaum, Hanna; Azegele, Bradley; Seider, Stephan |
| Abstract: | Decentralized IoT-networks are part of a broader class of decentralized physical infrastructure networks (DePIN), which use blockchain to decentralize, incentivize, and reward the operation and maintenance of technical infrastructure. This study examines how decentralized IoT-networks can address challenges in the design and governance of environmental data streams, drawing on a community-based urban restoration project in Nairobi, Kenya. IoT sensors were deployed on the blockchain-based Helium Network to monitor regulating urban ecosystem services. The paper discusses technical features and presents observations on network reliability and community participation. The findings suggest that decentralized IoT systems hold promise for distributed environmental data collection and transparent governance, particularly in low-resource settings. However, purpose-built architectures may help enhance the effectiveness and deployment of community-based environmental monitoring efforts. |
| Date: | 2025–05–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:djgba_v1 |
| By: | Yannis Dafermos (Department of Economics, SOAS University of London); Andrew McConnel (Pollination Group); Maria Nikolaidi (School of Accounting, Finance and Economics, University of Greenwich); Servaas Storm (Delft University of Technology); Boyan Yanovski (Dr. Roolfs Vent Solaire GmbH) |
| Abstract: | Recent years have seen an increasing use of environmental dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (E-DSGE) models for analyzing the macroeconomic effects of the climate crisis. This paper explores to what extent these models are fit for purpose. We identify the limitations of the benchmark E-DSGE framework and explain how these limitations restrict the ability of this framework to meaningfully capture the macroeconomics of the climate crisis. We then explain how the assumptions behind these limitations can be relaxed, but argue that simply relaxing some of these assumptions in isolation is insufficient to address the problem. We therefore call for a broader use of other macroeconomic models, such as ecological stock-flow consistent (E-SFC) and ecological agent-based (E-AB) models, that address these limitations simultaneously. We explain how these models do not suffer from the pitfalls of the E-DSGE framework and outline how they need to improve to increase their usefulness as tools that can inform macroeconomic policy making in the Anthropocene. |
| Keywords: | climate crisis, DSGE modeling, stock-flow consistent modeling, agent-based modeling, green macroeconomic policies, green finance |
| JEL: | E10 E20 E40 E50 E60 |
| Date: | 2024–10–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:thk:wpaper:inetwp229 |
| By: | Michela Limardi (Université de Lille); Jordan Loper (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Alexandre Volle (TREE - Transitions Energétiques et Environnementales - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how public climate regulation influences NGO activism against firms, offering novel insights into the interaction between formal regulation and civil society. Using a unique dataset combining firm-level NGO targeting with cross-country variation in regulation, we show that regulation significantly boosts NGO activity, even after controlling for visibility shocks like climate disasters. We identify two mechanisms: a salience mechanism, where regulation increases public attention, and a complementarity mechanism, where it enhances NGOs' monitoring capacity. Our findings highlight the complementary roles of regulation and civil society in shaping corporate behavior, offering new perspectives on climate governance and policy design. |
| Keywords: | Civil Society, Climate Regulation, Environmental Governance, NGO activism |
| Date: | 2025–04–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cdiwps:hal-05047276 |
| By: | Oussama Houari (LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - Nantes Univ - IAE Nantes - Nantes Université - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sociétés - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université); Hamza Bennani (LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - Nantes Univ - IAE Nantes - Nantes Université - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sociétés - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université); Quentin Bro de Comères (LéP [Poitiers] - Laboratoire d'économie de Poitiers - UP - Université de Poitiers = University of Poitiers) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the impact of climate risks on economic activity in France. Using natural language processing methods on three major French newspapers (Le Monde, Les Echos, and Le Figaro) from 2000 to 2023, we construct a measure of climate risks that we disentangle into physical and transition-risk components. Our findings highlight several transmission channels through which climate risks affect the economy: the business cycle channel, the precautionary savings channel, the inflation channel, and the banking/credit channel. Moreover, while we document the existence of heterogeneous responses to our measures of physical and transition risks, we find that the tone of media coverage of climate risks matters beyond the frequency of published articles. These results remain robust to newspapers' political slant and ruling political parties' orientation. Finally, the impact of climate risks also depends on the stringency of environmental policies, with more lenient policies leading to a stronger sensitivity of our economic and financial variables to the media-related climate risk index. |
| Keywords: | climate risks, natural language processing, local projections |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05057381 |
| By: | Amponsah, Senyo Obed; Owusuaa-Foster, Judith |
| Abstract: | As churches preach stewardship of the Earth and social media influencers post pictures of bamboo toothbrushes, the crossroads between personal faith and green purchase intentions demands closer study. This study explores how a person’s depth of religious belief influences their intention to buy green products, and whether conspicuous virtue signaling (CVS) motivates those intentions. CVS refers to publicly showcasing one’s ethical actions, such as posting about eco-friendly purchases, to express moral identity or gain social approval. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory, Goal Content Theory, and the Theory of Reasoned Action, this research distinguishes between intrinsic religiosity and extrinsic religiosity and how they influence green choices when motivated by virtue signaling. The study employed structural equation modelling to analyse survey data from 206 students and young professionals in Ghana. The findings reveal that intrinsic religiosity significantly boosts green purchase intentions, while extrinsic religiosity does not directly lead to greener buying choices. However, both intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity increase virtue signaling behaviors. Interestingly, even individuals who engage in religious activities for social reasons are more likely to "show off" their eco-friendly behavior online, which in turn increases their likelihood of intending to buy green products. These results suggest that public displays of environmental responsibility, whether driven by genuine faith or social image, can powerfully motivate sustainable consumer behavior. The study offers new insights for marketers and policymakers: green campaigns can appeal not only to private moral values but also to the human desire for social recognition. Framing eco-friendly choices as both personally meaningful and publicly admirable could effectively engage religious audiences in promoting sustainability. |
| Date: | 2025–05–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:tfsx7_v1 |
| By: | Ben Youssef, Slim |
| Abstract: | We study the relationships between arms imports, political stability, oil exports, gross domestic product, and greenhouse gas emissions by considering a panel of eight oil-exporting countries of the Gulf region and yearly data between 2000 and 2023. Since there is cross-sectional dependence between our considered variables, second-generation panel unit root and cointegration tests are used. In addition, we use the cross-sectional distributed lag (CS-DL) methodology to estimate our long-run coefficients. Several new and interesting results are deduced. Arms imports increase political stability and economic growth. Political stability increases oil exports and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Oil exports reduce arms imports. Oil-exporting Gulf countries are advised to continue importing and plan the production of high-tech weapons to strengthen their political stability. This latter enables them to elaborate and realize energy efficiency and renewable energy strategies, transforming them into producing and exporting renewable energy countries. |
| Keywords: | Arms imports; political stability; oil exports; greenhouse gas emissions; cross-sectional distributed lag; Gulf countries. |
| JEL: | C33 H56 O53 Q37 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124791 |
| By: | Julien CALAS; Lisa Beyer |
| Abstract: | This policy brief provides feedback on a new rapid approach to identifying (i) climate and natural risks, (ii) potential Nature based Solutions (NbS) to address those risks, and (iii) strategies to implement these solutions.Many cities around the world lack data on flooding, heat island, and ecosystems degradation risks, as well as information on the natural ecosystem solutions that can address these challenges with action in policy reform and landscape interventions. The new method of this Strategic NbS Framework integrates globally available datasets with local data to evaluate areas of a given city that are susceptible to extreme flooding and heat, as well as opportunities to expand existing natural spaces and create corridors of ecological continuity.The goal is to provide cities with a planning framework that they can follow and interpret within their own context.This framework was tested during a joint research program in Kigali (Rwanda) and Addis Ababa (Ethiopia). The recommendations are the direct result of feedback from the research activities themselves which enabled the implementation of the approach in the two cities in close consultation with local institutions and stakeholders. |
| Keywords: | Éthiopie, Rwanda |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2025–05–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr18152 |
| By: | Loubna Eddallal |
| Abstract: | Nigeria, long regarded as Africa’s oil powerhouse, is entering a new energy chapter, driven by the country’s strategic shift towards becoming the leading gas economy in the continent. With proven reserves exceeding 210 trillion cubic feet, Nigeria is set to emerge as Africa’s foremost gas producer and exporter. The government’s Decade of Gas Initiative, launched in 2021 by President Muhammadu Bihari, constitutes the official framework for this transition, which aims to diversify the economy by reducing dependence on oil and positioning natural gas as the key transition fuel in the African energy landscape. This shift aligns with the rising global demand for cleaner energy sources, since natural gas is viewed as a transition fuel. Nigeria’s strategic gas export plans and opportunities include regional pipeline projects, including the West African Gas Pipeline and the African Atlantic Gas Pipeline, aiming to strengthen the country’s position as a key energy supplier across Africa and eventually Europe. By positioning itself as an African gas hub, Nigeria is set to play a pivotal role in regional energy integration, while driving economic growth, contributing to Africa’s clean energy transition, and supporting the continent’s sustainable development goals. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb032_25 |
| By: | Giovanni Angelini; Maria Elena Bontempi; Luca De Angelis; Paolo Neri; Marco Maria Sorge |
| Abstract: | Public perceptions of climate change arguably contribute to shaping private adaptation and support for policy intervention. In this paper, we propose a novel Climate Concern Index (CCI), based on disaggregated web-search volumes related to climate change topics, to gauge the intensity and dynamic evolution of collective climate perceptions, and evaluate its impacts on the business cycle. Using data from the United States over the 2004:2024 span, we capture widespread shifts in perceived climate-related risks, particularly those consistent with the postcognitive interpretation of affective responses to extreme climate events. To assess the aggregate implications of evolving public concerns about the climate, we estimate a proxy-SVAR model and find that exogenous variation in the CCI entails a statistically significant drop in both employment and private consumption and a persistent surge in stock market volatility, while core inflation remains largely unaffected. These results suggest that, even in the absence of direct physical risks, heightened concerns for climate-related phenomena can trigger behavioral adaptation with nontrivial consequences for the macroeconomy, thereby demanding attention from institutional players in the macro-financial field. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.04669 |
| By: | Alberto Isgut (Macroeconomic Policy and Financing for Development Division, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific) |
| Abstract: | Managing currency risk is a serious challenge for developing countries that are not able to finance most of their financing needs in local currency. Currency risk can increase substantially the cost of servicing sovereign debts, potentially decreasing fiscal space for much needed investments in sustainable development, and lead to a higher default risk. This can make financing sustainable development and climate ambitions too expensive. Thus, given the urgency of scaling up finance for the achievement of the 2030 Agenda and the goals of the Paris Agreement, addressing the risk of foreign currency financing should be an urgent priority. To reduce exposure to foreign currency debt and associated currency risk, this policy brief discusses the importance of developing local currency bond markets and adopting sound macroeconomic policies. In addition, it highlights the importance of developing hedging tools to mitigate currency risk. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unt:pbmpdd:pb131 |
| By: | Mohini Sharma |
| Abstract: | TThe Mahakumbh Mela, the world’s largest spiritual gathering, is held every twelve years at four sacred locations in India: Prayagraj (Allahabad), Haridwar, Ujjain, and Nashik. Rooted in ancient Vedic traditions, this event is not only a religious and cultural phenomenon but also a reflection of India’s deep scientific and astronomical wisdom. This research paper explores the historical, spiritual, and socio-economic significance of Mahakumbh, along with the scientific and astronomical aspects that determine its timing. It also highlights the environmental and management challenges associated with this massive congregation and suggests sustainable solutions for future celebrations. Key words: Mahakumbh, kumbh, spiritual, scientific, mela |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vor:issues:2025-52-03 |
| By: | Mehdi Mikou (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Améline Vallet (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Céline Guivarch (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Abstract Climate risk in Europe is unevenly distributed among the population and is projected to increase substantially over the 21st century due to evolving climatic and socioeconomic conditions. Projections of vulnerability drivers, such as income distribution, are needed for assessing future climate risk. In Europe, existing studies typically rely on inadequate proxies, such as gross domestic product per capita, to account for future vulnerability associated with income levels. This study presents a novel top–down iterative methodology to produce decadal, high-resolution (1 km) maps of disposable income across Europe for the 21st century consistent with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). More specifically, our method aligns with SSP narratives on future economic growth, income distribution, population dynamics and settlement expansion. We illustrate two possible applications of these projections by analysing future shifts in income distribution and estimating the evolution of the number of people at risk of poverty across different development pathways. In highly unequal pathways (SSP3 and SSP4), poverty levels across Europe are projected to increase significantly, with over 30% of the population at risk of poverty by 2100. On the other hand, pathways with high economic growth, specifically SSP1 and SSP5, result in a decrease in poverty rates. This dataset can serve as a resource for examining future vulnerabilities to climate change and socioeconomic inequalities, providing valuable insights for more effective climate risk assessments and targeted adaptation strategies. |
| Keywords: | high-resolution income projections SSP, high-resolution, income, projections, SSP |
| Date: | 2025–04–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05046090 |
| By: | Balaganesan, Balaji |
| Abstract: | This report assesses underutilized land parcels in the San Francisco Bay Area to identify opportunities for housing development aligned with California’s climate, transportation, and equity goals. The research focuses specifically on parcels situated within areas that are characterized by reduced automobile dependency due to proximity to transit, jobs, and amenities. Using geographic information systems (GIS), historical housing data, parcel valuation metrics, zoning analysis, and scenario modelling, the report categorizes parcels into three forms of underutilization: vacant parcels, parcels with low improvement-to-land value ratios, and parcels with minimal built coverage (below 25%). It also evaluates the effectiveness of current zoning regulations and examines housing allocation patterns in the Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) process. There is substantial theoretical capacity for housing production in low-VMT zones; constraints such as regulatory complexities, redevelopment costs, methodological inconsistencies in defining low-VMT areas, and fragmented parcel ownership significantly limit development potential. The report shows stark trade-offs between strict environmental and equity-based criteria and feasible housing outcomes. There is a critical need for targeted zoning reforms, standardized VMT measurement methodologies, streamlined regulatory frameworks, and proactive investment strategies to unlock the latent potential of underutilized parcels. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Housing, Sustainable development, Regional development, Regulations, Zoning, Travel demand |
| Date: | 2025–05–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt48n332nc |
| By: | Haitao CHENG; Jota ISHIKAWA; Nori TARUI |
| Abstract: | As consumers become more environment-conscious, firms enhance their corporate environ- mental responsibility (CER) practices, such as adopting greener technologies, producing environment- friendly goods (i.e., CER goods) and capturing the price premium associated with environmental quality. Existing studies on the CER goods market adopt a closed-economy framework because CER verification and certification have traditionally been conducted locally. However, as CER certification becomes globally accessible, it is crucial to examine how firms from different countries compete in the CER goods market. We apply a North-South trade model to analyze the effects of stricter CER standards, trade liberalization, and stronger environmental awareness on firms’ CER adoption decisions under two scenarios: CER is recognized only in the North, and CER is recognized in both North and South. Our findings indicate that both stricter CER standards and greater environmental awareness encourage firms to adopt CER, regardless of the scope of CER recognition. In contrast, the impact of trade liberalization depends on whether CER is recognized in the South. When CER is recognized only in the North, trade liberalization promotes CER adoption. However, when it is recognized in both North and South, trade liberalization discourages CER adoption. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:25043 |
| By: | Choque Sánchez, Edison (IISEC, Universidad Católica Boliviana); Camacho Urquizo, Silvana (IISEC, Universidad Católica Boliviana); Nina Vargas, Marco Leandro (IISEC, Universidad Católica Boliviana) |
| Abstract: | El cambio climático representa el desafío más crítico para la humanidad, evidenciando las tensiones del sistema económico actual y la necesidad de alcanzar metas de desarrollo como la eliminación de la pobreza, el acceso a servicios esenciales, y el crecimiento económico sostenible. Este documento analiza cómo el presupuesto público puede ser una herramienta clave para reducir emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y mitigar riesgos climáticos, al tiempo que identifica los programas y actividades que generan beneficios o impactos negativos en el clima. En particular, el estudio se centra en el presupuesto del Gobierno Central de Bolivia entre 2019 y 2023, destacando que la asignación para enfrentar el cambio climático ha disminuido, mientras que el presupuesto que contribuye al fenómeno sigue siendo considerable y volátil. A través de una metodología analítica, se clasifican sectores como energía, transporte y medio ambiente, revelando la urgencia de reorientar recursos para cumplir con los compromisos climáticos y fomentar políticas públicas efectivas. Este análisis no solo expone desafíos, sino que también ofrece una base para mejorar la planificación fiscal climática en el país. |
| Keywords: | Cambio climático; Presupuesto público; Política fiscal; Finanzas climáticas; Desarrollo sostenible |
| JEL: | H23 H61 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–06–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:iisecd:2024_005 |
| By: | Anne Épaulard (UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, EUREQUA - Equipe Universitaire de Recherche en Economie Quantitative - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Gissela Landa (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Valentin Laprie (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | A travers la révision de sa Stratégie Nationale Bas Carbone en mars 2020, la France s'est engagée à atteindre l'objectif de la neutralité carbone à l'horizon 2050. Dans ce contexte, la Ville de Paris s'est dotée d'un Plan Climat 2024-2030 lui permettant de s'aligner avec les objectifs nationaux. Ce plan, adopté par le Conseil de Paris le 20 novembre 2024, contient 396 mesures destinées à sortir des énergies fossiles, réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre, et protéger les Parisiens des futurs épisodes caniculaires dans la capitale. Pour poser la question du financement d'un tel plan, il est nécessaire d'en évaluer le coût. C'est pourquoi en amont de l'adoption de son Plan Climat, la Ville de Paris a signé début 2024, une convention de recherche avec l'OFCE. L'OFCE doit proposer une analyse extérieure des mesures d'atténuation contenues dans le Plan Climat, vérifier la cohérence des mesures avec les objectifs de réduction de l'usage des énergies fossiles, proposer un chiffrage des besoins d'investissements, et les économies liées à un usage moindre d'énergie carbonée. L'OFCE est aussi invité à chiffrer les "co-bénéfices", comme ceux liés à la réduction de la pollution locale et du bruit et à l'éradication des passoires thermiques. Finalement, l'OFCE doit évaluer l'impact des investissements à réaliser sur l'économie de l'Île-de-France en termes d'emploi dans les différents secteurs. |
| Keywords: | climat, transition climatique, territoire parisien, impacts financiers, bénéfices |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-05073630 |
| By: | Akbari, Pardis; Gkartzios, Menelaos; Bafarasat, Abbas Ziafati |
| Abstract: | There are numerous calls to revise the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to make them more attainable, but how governments can achieve this remains debated. Suggestions for SDG implementation often focus on enhanced governance models, with civil society holding governments accountable for sustainability commitments. This paper, through the lens of poverty relief via SDG1 and SDG2, advocates for a practice-oriented approach that enables deprived communities to leverage the SDGs for political gain. We argue that the poor can hold governments accountable through critical peer discourse, which refers to the exchange of critical views within communities about public policy. While critical peer discourse often generates a passive political space with limited influence on government politics, it can become a space of governmental accountability when customized around SDG1 and SDG2 indicators. To this end, a roadmap for organizing critical peer discourse is developed through controlling governmental data and informal language games with communities. |
| Date: | 2025–05–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ga4sv_v1 |
| By: | Riku Watanabe |
| Abstract: | This study introduces two heterogeneous industries into an endogenous growth model in a circular economy. In our model, there are two types of industries, brown industries using exhaustible resources for production, and green industries using recycled goods which are reproduced from the used final good by a recycling firm. Each industry switches the state as a result of R&D activities for innovation and greening. Innovation improves the level of productivity and occurs in both industries. In contrast, only firms in brown industries invest in R&D activities for greening, which transfers the brown industries toward the green industries. This paper examines the effect of recycling and the share of green industries on the growth rate. We show that an increase in the recycling rate does not have a negative effect on the economy, and improves the welfare of households. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dpr:wpaper:1286 |
| By: | Giorgio Fabbri (Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRA, Grenoble INP, GAEL); Paolo Melindi-Ghidi (Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, AMSE) |
| Abstract: | The transition towards a sustainable food system requires comprehensive changes in food production and consumption, shaped by the interplay of public policy, market forces, and cultural norms. We develop a model to analyse the role of sustainable food culture in shaping consumption choices, particularly in terms of purchasing from short food supply chains. The model accounts not only for the heterogeneity of preferences and their evolution but also for the heterogeneity of incomes. This allows for a discussion of the effectiveness of policies fostering sustainable food consumption choices, considering their varying impacts across income levels. The results suggest that if policy makers seek to promote a sustainable food system, public policies must be carefully designed, as their effects can be uncertain and may impact low-income households. |
| Keywords: | Culture, sustainable food, short food supply chain, income distribution. |
| JEL: | Q18 Q56 D31 D91 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aim:wpaimx:2507 |
| By: | Heather Grabbe; Bas Heerma van Voss; Camille Mehlbaum; Sjoerd van der Zwaag |
| Abstract: | This paper explores three restoration pathways, revealing trade-offs between equity, cost-efficiency, and carbon sequestration |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bre:wpaper:node_10967 |
| By: | Maurice Doyon; Benjamin Roy |
| Abstract: | Quebec’s public domain accounts for 80% of the province’s accessible productive forest and spans over 275, 000 km². As stipulated in the Act respecting the lands in the domain of the State, the Minister exercises property rights over this territory, which enables, among other things, the issuance of permits for forest resource exploitation. Sugar maple stands located on public land are particularly sought after. They are coveted both for maple sap harvesting and for the production of timber destined for processing, leading to frequent tensions between the forestry and maple syrup sectors. In this paper, the authors demonstrate that maple syrup production generates greater economic benefits compared to the harvesting and processing of hardwood species, even when the least favourable scenario for maple syrup production is compared to the most favourable scenario for the hardwood sector. This marginal dominance of maple syrup production suggests that an optimal resource allocation should favour maple syrup production over hardwood forestry. The paper also highlights the potential for integrating maple syrup production with conservation efforts and the establishment of protected areas, which aligns with Quebec’s biodiversity objectives. Le domaine public québécois représente 80 % de la forêt productive accessible de la province et s’étend sur plus de 275 00 km2. Comme le prévoit la Loi sur les terres du domaine de l’État, le ministre exerce les droits de propriété sur ce territoire, ce qui lui permet, entre autres, de délivrer des permis d’exploitation pour les ressources forestières. Les érablières situées en territoire public sont particulièrement prisées. Elles sont à la fois convoitées pour la récolte de sève d’érable et pour la production de bois destiné à la transformation, ce qui fait que la cohabitation entre les secteurs forestier et acéricole est souvent tendue. Dans ce texte, les auteurs montrent que l’exploitation acéricole génère de plus grandes retombées économiques comparativement à la récolte et la transformation des feuillus durs, même lorsque le scénario le moins favorable à l’acériculture est comparé au scénario le plus favorable au secteur du feuillu dur. Cette dominance à la marge de l’acériculture suggère qu’une allocation optimale devrait favoriser l’acériculture devant le secteur des feuillus durs. Ce texte met également en évidence le potentiel d’intégration de la production de sirop d’érable avec les efforts de conservation et la mise en place d’aires protégées, ce qui s’aligne sur les objectifs de biodiversité du Québec. |
| Keywords: | Maple syrup production, Hardwood harvesting, Economic impact, Public forests, Resource allocation, Production acéricole, Récolte de feuillus durs, Impact économique, Forêts publiques, Allocation des ressources |
| Date: | 2025–06–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:circah:2025pr-08 |
| By: | Guhl, Fenja; Becker, Stefan; Küpper, Patrick |
| Abstract: | Treibhausgasneutral – dieses Ziel soll 2045 in Deutschland, fünf Jahre später in der EU erreicht sein. Das hat Auswirkungen auf nahezu jeden Lebensbereich. Klimaschutz ist in vielen Handlungsfeldern zum Thema geworden – auch in der Politik zur ländlichen Entwicklung. Wie kann das Querschnittsthema Klimaschutz in den Regionen vorangebracht werden, wie die Bedürfnisse der lokalen Bevölkerung berücksichtigt werden? Eine Basis kann das LEADER-Programm bilden: Bereits seit 1991 fördert die EU darüber regionale Entwicklungsprozesse in ländlichen Räumen. Die LEADER-Regionen verbinden unterschiedliche Sektoren und beteiligen verschiedenste Interessengruppen. Wir, ein Team von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern des Thünen-Instituts für Lebensverhältnisse in ländlichen Räumen, haben im Projekt TREND:LR* untersucht, welche Voraussetzungen erfüllt sein müssen, damit die Handelnden vor Ort Klimaschutz in die LEADER-Prozesse integrieren. Dafür haben wir die Förderrichtlinien der Bundesländer ausgewertet und insgesamt 17 Interviews mit zentralen Akteurinnen und Akteuren in drei Beispiel-Regionen geführt: Schwentine-Holsteinische Schweiz (Schleswig-Holstein), Kulturlandschaft Westmünsterland (Nordrhein-Westfalen) und Annaberger Land (Sachsen). Die Regionen stehen beispielhaft für unterschiedliche wirtschaftliche und soziale Gegebenheiten sowie förderpolitische Rahmenbedingungen. Aus den wissenschaftlichen Ergebnissen haben wir Handlungsempfehlungen für die Verantwortlichen in LEADER-Regionen und der Förderpolitik abgeleitet. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimac:358724 |
| By: | Ante Ivčević; Daria Povh Škugor; Maria Snoussi; Michaël Karner; Matthieu Kervyn; Jean Huge |
| Abstract: | Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) is a policy framework that aims to achieve sustainable development in the context of limited space and resources of (densely populated) coastal areas, by balancing environmental protection, societal needs, and economic development. In this paper, we first reflect on key components influencing the success of ICZM. Second, we compare our understanding to the process of preparation of a coastal plan for the Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region in Morocco. Finally, we extend and generalize our conclusions to ICZM as a relevant policy framework, by identifying factors that influence the context-specific interpretation of ICZM in Morocco. We argue that ICZM depends on the integration, implementation, coordination between science and policy, and appropriate governance. In the Moroccan case, a variety of institutions first need to agree on the governance structure and priorities, as a base for a clear direction for the regional ICZM. This calls for a change of stakeholder engagement for certain steering institutions and leadership by ‘wilaya’. The coastal plan preparation process showed a lack of balance between stakeholder participation and institutional coordination, and increased bureaucratization which covers accountability for decision-making. Although coastal governance is supported by the national government, it is still unknown to what extent it is supported at the regional level which oversees the ICZM. We conclude that besides leadership, political support, and institutional commitment, broader stakeholder engagement is crucial for the decisions that shape the future of the coastal zone, which indicates that governance is the most important success factor for ICZM. |
| Keywords: | Coastal planning; Governance; Integrated coastal zone management; Stakeholder engagement |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/390889 |
| By: | Cristina Zerbini (UNIPR - Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma); Monica Grosso (EM - EMLyon Business School); Fabio Musso (Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo') |
| Keywords: | Technology, Sustainability, retail |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05053018 |
| By: | Lovo, Stefano (HEC Paris); Olivier, Jacques (HEC Paris) |
| Abstract: | We model how a profit-maximizing agency decides whether to sell ESG ratings to issuers or investors. For firms in sufficiently green sectors or when the proportion of socially responsible investors is large enough, ESG ratings increase expected stock prices and the “issuer pays” business model is more profitable than “investors pay”. When all investors are socially responsible, the model coincides with a model of credit ratings, explaining why credit ratings are sold to issuers while most ESG ratings are sold to investors. Ratings boost equilibrium investment in ESG but their impact on welfare is ambiguous, even for socially responsible investors. |
| Keywords: | ESG; Rating agencies; Investors pay; Issuer pays; emission abatement; incentives; responsible investors |
| JEL: | G14 G18 G24 |
| Date: | 2025–02–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ebg:heccah:1547 |
| By: | Foerster, Kai; Ryan, Ellen; Scheid, Benedikt |
| Abstract: | This paper provides the first study of climate risk pricing in euro area commercial real estate markets. We pay particular attention to changes in risk pricing over time, as a sudden market shift may significantly amplify the financial stability and macroeconomic implications of these risks. We find evidence of investors applying a penalty to buildings exposed to physical risk and that this penalty has increased significantly over the 2007-2023 period we study, particularly for properties exposed to risks associated with climate change. This change in pricing appears to have occurred in an orderly manner, with no implications for liquidity in the market for high risk buildings. In contrast, while pricing of transition risk has also increased over the period studied, towards the end of our sample the market response to transition risk appears to be playing out via market liquidity. This indicates that older buildings - which are more exposed to transition risks - may already be at risk of becoming “stranded assets”. JEL Classification: R33, Q51, G2 |
| Keywords: | climate change, commercial real estate, financial stability |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20253059 |
| By: | Lutfu Sua; Haibo Wang; Jun Huang |
| Abstract: | Unpredictability of renewable energy sources coupled with the complexity of those methods used for various purposes in this area calls for the development of robust methods such as DL models within the renewable energy domain. Given the nonlinear relationships among variables in renewable energy datasets, DL models are preferred over traditional machine learning (ML) models because they can effectively capture and model complex interactions between variables. This research aims to identify the factors responsible for the accuracy of DL techniques, such as sampling, stationarity, linearity, and hyperparameter optimization for different algorithms. The proposed DL framework compares various methods and alternative training/test ratios. Seven ML methods, such as Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM), Stacked LSTM, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), CNN-LSTM, Deep Neural Network (DNN), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and Encoder-Decoder (ED), were evaluated on two different datasets. The first dataset contains the weather and power generation data. It encompasses two distinct datasets, hourly energy demand data and hourly weather data in Spain, while the second dataset includes power output generated by the photovoltaic panels at 12 locations. This study deploys regularization approaches, including early stopping, neuron dropping, and L2 regularization, to reduce the overfitting problem associated with DL models. The LSTM and MLP models show superior performance. Their validation data exhibit exceptionally low root mean square error values. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.03109 |
| By: | Germain, Enomy |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the relationship between natural disasters and emigration from Haiti to the United States, focusing on the moderating role of political instability. Haiti is one of the most disaster-prone and politically fragile countries in the Western Hemisphere, experiencing an average of 3.1 disasters per year between 1990 and 2020. Drawing on thirty years of national-level time series data, this study employs a linear Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model with interaction terms to test whether political instability amplifies the migration response to disasters. The results reveal a strong and statistically significant link between disaster frequency and emigration flows. Moreover, this relationship is significantly intensified in years of heightened political instability, suggesting that weak institutional capacity compounds the push factors associated with natural shocks. While traditional migration models emphasize economic drivers, this study shows that political stability plays a crucial role in shaping emigration outcomes. These findings highlight the need for integrated policy responses that address both environmental risks and governance challenges in disaster-prone settings. |
| Date: | 2025–05–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ac7bv_v1 |
| By: | Jan Goebel; Christian Krekel; Katrin Rehdanz |
| Abstract: | Most people consider parks important for their quality of life, yet systematic causal evidence is missing. We exploit exogenous variations in their use values to estimate causal effects. Using a representative household panel with precise geographical coordinates of households linked to satellite images of green spaces with a nationwide coverage, we employ a spatial difference-in-differences design, comparing within-individual changes between residents living close to a green space and those living further away. We exploit Covid-19 as exogenous shock. We find that green spaces raised overall life satisfaction while reducing symptoms of anxiety (feelings of nervousness and worry) and depression. There is also suggestive evidence for reduced loneliness. Given the number of people in their surroundings, a compensating-surplus calculation suggests that parks added substantial benefits during the period studied. |
| Keywords: | Parks, Green Spaces, Mental Health, Quasi-Natural Experiment, Compensating Surplus, Wellbeing |
| Date: | 2025–06–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2106 |
| By: | Christian Furtwängler (Chair for Management Sciences and Energy Economics, University of Duisburg-Essen) |
| Abstract: | The recent energy crisis in Europe has underlined the importance of a fast replacement of fossil fuels like natural gas by green energy carriers. Great hopes for quick decarbonisation mostly rest on two technologies, hypothesized to form a “perfect match†: Combined heat and power (CHP) generation units that are in widespread usage across district heating grids today are often planned to be decarbonized by using green fuels, e.g. green hydrogen originating from electrolysis with green electricity. Additionally, the direct usage of electricity for heating purposes (Power-to-Heat, PtH), is seen as a fitting complementing option. This contribution thus aims at investigating the cost structure of the CHP system of the future – and whether this perfect match is a likely outcome in different energy market environments. Three distinct mid-term scenarios for the year 2035 are developed and different heating portfolio setups are tested with regards to the viability of individual heating assets. For this analysis, the stochastic portfolio optimization framework StoOpt is used. The perfect match hypothesis is both theoretically confirmed and practically questioned by the obtained results. At least one of the technologies tends to struggle in different market environments and subsidies might be needed to secure investment in both technologies. |
| Keywords: | combined heat and power, power-to-heat, stochastic optimization, long-term energy scenarios, district heating |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dui:wpaper:2503 |
| By: | Konar, Anushree; Tripathi, Sabyasachi |
| Abstract: | Identifying the optimal population size at which cities maximize economic benefits while minimizing congestion and pollution is a challenge. This research explores the optimal city size by examining the relationship between population and economic performance, measured by city GDP. Using data from OECD regions for about 562 cities, the analysis employs a quadratic regression model to test an inverse U-shaped relationship between city population and GDP in 2020. The empirical results show that cities initially experience economic growth as populations increase, but after a certain point (8.85 million), the benefits diminish due to congestion and pollution. The study concludes that an optimal city size exists, balancing the advantages of agglomeration with the costs of urban expansion. Additionally, population density, territorial fragmentation, working-age population, and built-up area positively affect city GDP, whereas air pollution negatively impacts it. Finally, several policies are recommended for sustainable urban development and efficient resource allocation. |
| Keywords: | Urban growth, optimal city size, population size, economic measurement, OECD cities. |
| JEL: | R0 R1 R11 R12 |
| Date: | 2025–05–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124673 |
| By: | Peter Chai (Kai Shibata) (Graduate School of Political Science, Waseda University) |
| Abstract: | This study uses the latest three waves of the transnational survey database World Values Survey to empirically investigate the relationships between environmental concern and a set of demographic variables relevant for the postmaterialist thesis such as (1) age (2) education (3) income and (4) urbanization in Mainland China. Responses on (1) priority over economic growth or environmental protection and (2) activeness in environmental organizations are chosen to represent environmental concern. This study employs a two-step approach conducting both separate regressions for each wave and an aggregate regression with all the waves combined. Results show that age and education seem to be better “predictors” for environmental concern than the other demographic variables, in other words, the “socialization hypotheses” seem to work better than the “scarcity hypotheses” under the postmaterialist framework in Mainland China. The inconsistencies in how the demographic variables perform by question item and wave and the difference in the separate and aggregated regression results show the relevance of the “Asian uniqueness” argument. To address limitations in the survey design and sample quality and provide qualitative explanations, other methods such as survey experiments, text analysis, interviews, and fieldwork can be incorporated. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Values, World Values Survey, Mainland China |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wap:wpaper:2510 |
| By: | Ulimwengu, John M.; Mutyasira, Vine; Keizire, Boaz |
| Abstract: | The Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP), developed by the African Union (AU) in 2003, marked a significant turning point for Africa’s agricultural development. CAADP’s objective was to transform agriculture into a key driver of economic growth, poverty reduction, and food security across the continent. Through a focus on increasing agricultural productivity and ensuring that agricultural development was aligned with national and regional priorities, CAADP sought to tackle Africa’s persistent challenges of hunger, malnutrition, and economic stagnation. In 2014, the Malabo Declaration was introduced as the second phase of CAADP implementation, with a new set of ambitious targets aimed at ending hunger and halving poverty by 2025. The declaration reinforced the importance of agricultural-led growth and committed African governments to specific goals, including increasing agricultural productivity by at least 6% annually and allocating at least 10% of national budgets to agriculture. It also emphasized sustainable agriculture, resilience to climate change, and equitable access to resources, particularly for women and smallholder farmers. |
| Keywords: | CAADP; agricultural development; agriculture; economic development; food security; poverty; malnutrition; hunger; climate resilience; Africa |
| Date: | 2025–01–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:afsdcs:169385 |
| By: | International Food Policy Research Institute |
| Abstract: | IFPRI’s 2023 Annual Report offers highlights from our research around the world and of our analysis and communications on addressing global challenges that contribute to hunger and malnutrition. In 2023, IFPRI continued the critical work on crisis and resilience-building that began with the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia-Ukraine war, and rising food prices. Our research also continued to inform policymakers and stakeholders on climate resilience and sustainability, healthy diets and nutrition, inclusive and efficient food systems, institutions and governance, and rural transformation, all with attention to gender and the world’s most vulnerable people, with the goals of reducing poverty and ending hunger and malnutrition. |
| Keywords: | resilience; nutrition; food systems; climate change |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:annrep:141827 |
| By: | Maxime TERRIEUX |
| Abstract: | Malgré un cadre institutionnel robuste et un policy mix globalement sérieux, le modèle économique colombien s’essouffle. Depuis une décennie et la fin du supercycle des matières premières, la croissance est en baisse tendancielle et les indicateurs socio-économiques stagnent, signes d’une économie prise au piège du revenu intermédiaire. Cette stagnation met notamment en lumière des problèmes structurels de productivité et de sous-investissement. Plus important, la question de la pérennité du modèle économique à moyen-long terme persiste. La dépendance aux hydrocarbures reste élevée et face à l’épuisement annoncé des réserves (environ 7 ans résiduels pour le pétrole et le gaz), au besoin de diversification de l’économie et à la lutte contre le changement climatique, un changement de paradigme demeure nécessaire. Malgré les annonces de sortie des énergies fossiles par le gouvernement de M. Petro et un plan annoncé de réindustrialisation, aucune véritable diversification ne semble encore enclenchée.L’économie est par ailleurs contrainte par des finances publiques sous pression. La Colombie a perdu son statut Investment Grade depuis 2021, et malgré une règle budgétaire renforcée, elle peine à regagner sa crédibilité budgétaire aux yeux des investisseurs.Ce contexte d’enjeu double (modèle à bout de souffle et finances publiques contraintes) appelle des changements profonds. La transition énergétique offre une véritable opportunité de transformation de l’économie pour répondre au premier enjeu. Mais la capacité des autorités à mettre en oeuvre les différentes stratégies élaborées, et notamment une récente feuille de route de la transition énergétique, reste à démontrer, a fortiori dans un contexte politique (absence de consensus) et sécuritaire (échec de la Paix Totale) difficile. La restauration de la crédibilité budgétaire sera quant à elle cruciale pour créer un environnement favorable à l’investissement privé, appelé à être le premier moteur d’un nouveau modèle économique durable. |
| Keywords: | Colombie |
| JEL: | E |
| Date: | 2025–04–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr18070 |
| By: | Aidan Coville (World Bank); Joshua Graff Zivin (UC San Diego - University of California [San Diego] - UC - University of California, NBER - The National Bureau of Economic Research); Arndt Reichert (Leibniz Universität Hannover=Leibniz University Hannover, World Bank); Ann-Kristin Reitmann (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universität Passau [Passau]) |
| Abstract: | Solar technologies have been associated with private and social returns, but their technological potential often remains unachieved because of persistently low demand for high-quality products. In a randomized field experiment in Senegal, we assess the potential of three types of quality signaling to increase demand for highquality solar lamps. We find no effect on demand when consumers are offered a money-back guarantee but increased demand with a third-party certification or warranty, consistent with the notion that consumers are uncertain about product durability rather than their utility. However, despite the higher willingness to pay, the prices they would pay are still well below market prices for the average household, suggesting that reducing information asymmetries alone is insufficient to encourage wider adoption. Surprisingly, we also find that the effective quality signals in our setting stimulate demand for low-quality products by creating product-class effects among those least familiar with the product. |
| Keywords: | Information asymmetries, Quality signaling, Solar lamps, Willingness to pay, Becker-DeGroot-Marschak, Technology adoption |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05057994 |
| By: | Fuchs, Andreas; Leue, Sebastian; Rose, Andrew |
| Abstract: | Since 1971, the World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual Meeting in Davos has attracted the leadership of global corporations. Attendance may offer economic benefits through networking and political support or provide only private gains without measurable impact. Through creating a novel database of WEF attendees (2009-2018) matched with firm-level data, we analyze stock market performance, corporate ratings, and environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) scores. Regression results, including annual and daily event studies, suggest that WEF attendance does not systematically improve stock performance or credit ratings. However, WEF attendance positively impacts ESG scores, especially the social sub-score, indicating beneficial takeholder effects. |
| Keywords: | World Economic Forum, international organizations, business leaders, stock markets, corporate ratings, summits |
| JEL: | F53 G24 G32 G39 O19 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:318195 |
| By: | Cunneen-Franco, Morgan |
| Abstract: | In an era of urgent climate action and housing crises across California, parking policy has emerged as a powerful lever for transforming cities. While pricing parking is widely recognized by transportation experts as an effective tool for managing urban space and reducing vehicle emissions, implementing such policies remains politically challenging. The stakes of resolving parking policy deadlocks extend far beyond local politics. Unpriced on-street parking in high demand areas creates a cascade of significant negative externalities: drivers waste time circling, traffic and pollution increases, and drivers are disincentivized from shifting travel modes. My research uses a combination of both primary data (interview) and secondary data (archival text) to investigate a revealing case study: the protracted seven-year debate over a 2013 proposal to implement paid downtown parking in Davis, California. Why did Davis’s paid parking initiative fail despite strong evidence supporting its benefits? And what policy design and political strategy lessons can we learn from this case to make paid parking policy implementation more feasible in other medium-sized cities? This study yields actionable recommendations for other cities seeking to implement paid on-street parking, including: the importance of capitalizing on momentum once paid parking is proposed, the need for elected officials to demonstrate political courage, the value of having multiple champions both inside and outside of government, the beneficial role of public education, and the impact of strong policy implementation. My research findings provide a roadmap for local governments to increase the efficiency of their transportation systems and advance California’s broader climate objectives while navigating the complex dynamics that often derail initiatives to price parking. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Pay parking, Travel demand management, Case studies, Policy analysis |
| Date: | 2025–05–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt0h6018f6 |
| By: | Anna Kurowska (Interdisciplinary Centre for Labour Market and Family Dynamics (LabFam), University of Warsaw); Anna Matysiak (Interdisciplinary Centre for Labour Market and Family Dynamics (LabFam), University of Warsaw); Magdalena Grabowska (Interdisciplinary Centre for Labour Market and Family Dynamics (LabFam), University of Warsaw) |
| Keywords: | fertility intentions, factorial survey experiment, economic insecurity, reproductive autonomy, gender equality, childcare availability, climate change |
| JEL: | J11 J13 J16 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:war:wpaper:2025-15 |
| By: | Schmal, W. Benedikt; Zombek, Max |
| Abstract: | The EU Commission is planning an annual general inspection for cars over ten years old in order to increase road safety. This Policy Impulse analyzes the measure from an economic perspective and shows: The planned regulation hardly achieves any safety-relevant effects, but causes considerable economic damage. A cascade effect makes younger used cars more expensive, which places a particular burden on low-income households. Anticipation effects also shorten the useful life of existing cars - with negative consequences for the climate and resource efficiency. The measure also conflicts with the subsidiarity principle and is likely to primarily serve industrial policy purposes. From an economic perspective, the proposal is highly questionable from a German perspective. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:formoe:318375 |
| By: | Jovid Ikromi |
| Abstract: | This paper rethinks development finance in Tajikistan through the lens of fiscal sociology, arguing that sustained reliance on foreign aid and external borrowing may weaken state-society trust and erode institutional legitimacy. Anchored in the political economy of development finance, the paper explores how alternative financing strategies, such as tax reform, diaspora bonds, thematic bonds, and blended finance, interact with domestic institutions, investor confidence, and citizen perceptions of fiscal fairness. |
| Keywords: | Tajikistan, Development finance, Debt sustainability, domestic resource mobilization, Climate change |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2025-37 |
| By: | Shui, Ailun (University of Groningen); van den Berg, Gerard J. (University of Groningen); Mierau, Jochen O. (University of Groningen); Viluma, Laura (University of Groningen) |
| Abstract: | A large body of literature demonstrates that exposure to major adverse events such as natural disasters affects physical and mental health. Less is known about health consequences of long- term exposure to smaller, recurring shocks such as mining-induced earthquakes. Leveraging data from the Dutch Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank and the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, we examine mental health effects of frequent earthquakes generated by the extraction of natural gas, which was a major source of economic revenue for the Netherlands. Long-term exposure is captured by the accumulated peak ground acceleration. We employ individual-level fixed effects models to deal with selective exposure. We find that exposure increases depression and anxiety symptoms. Our results are robust to selective migration and to varying the exposure indicator. The results support a reassessment of the societal costs of the mining of natural gas. |
| Keywords: | anxiety, depression, mental health, induced earthquakes, mining, stress, gas-extraction |
| JEL: | I10 I18 Q33 Q53 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17925 |
| By: | Chigwe, Tabitha C. Nindi |
| Abstract: | This study examines the adoption of sustainable agricultural intensification practices— particularly cereal-legume intercropping—by smallholder farming households in Malawi. The focus of the study is on how spatial variation in key factors related to agricultural production and marketing influences farming households’ decision-making processes under risk. Separate analyses are done for six distinct agroecological zones in Malawi to evaluate how resource and market constraints affect farming households’ decisions to employ intercropping practices on their cropland and how the variations in these constraints have differing impacts on adoption of intercropping across different regions. This study provides valuable insights into the complexities of smallholder farming choices in diverse geographic contexts. |
| Keywords: | households; intercropping; smallholders; spatial analysis; sustainable agriculture; Malawi; Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024–10–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:masspr:155279 |
| By: | Dejkam, Rahil (E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN)); Madlener, Reinhard (E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN)) |
| Abstract: | Energy poverty, a multidimensional socio-economic challenge, significantly affects the welfare of many people across Europe. This paper aims to alleviate energy poverty by exploring sustainable energy practices and policy interventions, using pilot household survey data collected within an EU project in Portugal and Denmark. A novel multidimensional energy poverty index (MEPI) is developed to assess energy poverty through different dimensions—such as heating and cooling comfort, financial strain, access to energy-efficient appliances, and overall health and well-being. In a next step, for selecting features, machine learning techniques, including recursive feature elimination and random forest analysis, are employed. These methods help to reduce the number of irrelevant and mutually correlated predictors. Subsequently, a logistic regression model is used to predict energy-poor households based on selected socio-economic and policy-related factors. The logistic regression model results indicate that sustainable energy-saving behaviors and supportive government policies can indeed effectively mitigate energy poverty. Furthermore, to analyze the impact of the determined features, the shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method is being utilized. Finally, the main findings are further evaluated via scenario simulation analysis. |
| Keywords: | Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index (MEPI); Thermal Discomfort; Sustainable Energy-saving Practices; Logistic Regression; Recursive Feature Elimination-Cross Validation (RFE-CV) |
| JEL: | C60 C83 |
| Date: | 2024–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:fcnwpa:2024_001 |
| By: | Veronique Gille (IRD, UMR LEDa, PSL, Universite Paris-Dauphine, France); Flore Gubert (IRD, UMR LEDa, PSL, Universite Paris-Dauphine, France); Camille Saint-Macary (IRD, UMR LEDa, PSL, Universite Paris-Dauphine, France); Stéphanie Dos Santos (LPED (IRD/AMU), Centre Saint-Charles, Marseille, France); Franck Houffoue (Institute of Statistics and Applied Economics, Abidjan, Ivory Coast); Hugues Kouadio (Institute of Statistics and Applied Economics, Abidjan, Ivory Coast); Epiphane Marahoua (Institute of Statistics and Applied Economics, Abidjan, Ivory Coast); Petanki Soro (UFR of Earth Sciences and Mineral Resources, University Felix Houphouet Boigny, Abidjan, Ivory Coast); Alexander van Geen (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA) |
| Abstract: | Lead (Pb) exposure is a major global health concern, particularly for young children, yet awareness of the risks is low. Pb-based paint remains a significant source of exposure in many low- and middle-income countries, despite existing regulations. We investigate whether personalized information on lead in paint can increase awareness and encourage preventive behaviors. As part of a pilot study in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, painted surfaces in 200 pregnant women’s homes were tested using a low-cost Pb detection kit, followed by confirmatory testing with an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) device. Women whose homes tested positive for Pb were 34 percentage points more likely to acknowledge their exposure risk. This increased awareness led to self-reported behavioral changes among mothers of young children, including a higher likelihood of preventing children from ingesting paint chips and washing their hands more frequently. However, we find no impact on home-cleaning or renovation behaviors. Our findings highlight the potential of personalized information to drive behavioral change in environmental health. |
| JEL: | I12 I15 I31 Q53 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt202504 |
| By: | François-Charles Wolff (LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - Nantes Univ - IAE Nantes - Nantes Université - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sociétés - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université); Pierre-Alexandre Mahieu (LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - Nantes Univ - IAE Nantes - Nantes Université - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sociétés - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université); Brice Trouillet (LETG - Nantes - Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique - UBO - Université de Brest - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - LETG - Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 - UBO - Université de Brest - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Univ - IGARUN - Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Humanités - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université); Alexia Pigeault (LETG - Nantes - Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique - UBO - Université de Brest - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - LETG - Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 - UBO - Université de Brest - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Univ - IGARUN - Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Humanités - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université, CAPACITÉS SAS - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université); Nicolas Rollo (LETG - Nantes - Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique - UBO - Université de Brest - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - LETG - Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 - UBO - Université de Brest - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Univ - IGARUN - Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Humanités - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université) |
| Abstract: | To achieve its renewable energy production targets, France is aiming to create 50 new offshore wind farms by 2050. In line with the debate on maritime planning organised by the Commission nationale du débat public, (CNDP – French National Commission for Public Debate), a mixed survey combining economics and geography was conducted to study the spatial preferences of French households in terms of the location of these future offshore wind farms. The results of this discrete choice experiment show that respondents prefer the offshore wind farms to be located far from the coasts without overlapping with marine protected areas or fishing grounds, and are opposed to wind farms that have an insufficiently local link to the land. Support for the project, consisting of 50 offshore wind farms, however, remains mixed, with almost 30% of respondents opposed. Nevertheless, the level of support for the project does not change people's preferences in terms of the location of the offshore wind farms. |
| Abstract: | La France a des objectifs ambitieux pour augmenter la part d'énergies renouvelables dans sa consommation d'énergie, notamment en ce qui concerne le développement de l'éolien offshore. Une enquête réalisée en mars 2024 auprès de 2400 personnes, combinant la méthode des programmes et des classements d'attributs et de leurs modalités, révèle les préférences spatiales des Français à l'égard de cette technologie. Les répondants préfèrent que les parcs éoliens soient situés à une distance suffisante pour ne pas être visibles depuis les côtes et qu'ils n'interfèrent pas avec les espaces naturels protégés ou les zones de pêche. Ils s'opposent aux parcs ayant des liens éloignés avec le territoire et favorisent une concentration faible des installations, même si les préférences sont moins tranchées pour ce dernier attribut. Moins de la moitié des enquêtés se déclarent favorables à l'installation de 50 parcs éoliens offshore en France d'ici 2050, mais ce soutien modéré n'affecte pas les tendances générales pour les préférences spatiales. |
| Keywords: | Offshore wind farm, Spatial preference, Renewable energies, Discrete choice experiment DCE, Eoliennes en mer, Préférence spatiale, Energies renouvelables, Expérience de choix discret |
| Date: | 2025–04–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04615741 |
| By: | Chen, Yingtong; Wu, Fei; Zhang, Dayong; Ji, Qiang |
| Abstract: | The impact of international tourism on biodiversity risks has received considerable attention, yet quantitative research in this field remains relatively limited. This study constructs a biodiversity risk index for 155 countries and regions spanning the years 2001 to 2019, analysing how international tourism influences biodiversity risks in destination countries. The results indicate that the growth of international tourism significantly elevates biodiversity risks, with these effects displaying both lagging and cumulative characteristics. Furthermore, spatial analysis shows that international tourism also intensifies biodiversity risks in neighbouring countries. The extent of its impact varies according to the tourism model and destination. In addition, government regulations and international financial assistance play a crucial role in mitigating the biodiversity risks associated with international tourism. |
| Date: | 2025–05–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:m2xy4_v1 |
| By: | Farmer, J. Doyne; Baumgärtner, Lennart |
| Abstract: | Since the 1980s, the global average of solar photovoltaic (PV) cost has decreased by about two orders of magnitude while the global average onshore wind cost has decreased by about one order of magnitude. But global averages are only part of the story: For both solar and wind, costs vary between countries by about an order of magnitude. We curate a comprehensive database of national costs and build predictive models for future costs by decomposing the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) into its components and modeling them separately. For solar PV we find that since 1990 the module cost and the balance of system cost (BOS) have both declined roughly exponentially at rates of 12% per year. In contrast, wind turbine cost has declined roughly exponentially by 4% per year, while BOS cost has not declined at all. This suggests that total global wind cost will slowly approach a floor cost of about 35 USD/MWh, reaching about 43 USD/MWh in 2050, whereas global solar cost will continue to decline exponentially, reaching about 3-15 USD/MWh in 2050 and continuing to drop thereafter. For solar, around half of the cross-sectional variations in national LCOE costs is due to variations in capacity factors, though capital costs also play an important role. For wind, the cross-sectional variations are split approximately equally between capacity factor, capital costs, and investment costs. National BOS costs revert to global costs with a timescale of about 5-7 years, while variations in other factors are more persistent. We develop a simple model for predicting the deviations from global costs and show that it makes reasonable predictions with predictable errors. Finally, we compare our predictions to recent projections of integrated assessment models. |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2025-12 |
| By: | Anne Épaulard (UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, EUREQUA - Equipe Universitaire de Recherche en Economie Quantitative - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Gissela Landa (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Valentin Laprie (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | La Ville de Paris, comme d'autres villes en France, s'est dotée d'un plan climat ambitieux. En cohérence avec l'objectif national et européen, ce plan vise à la neutralité carbone à l'horizon 2050. Compte tenu des spécificités de chaque territoire en termes de climat, de bâti et d'organisation de la ville et des transports, une réflexion sur les actions à mener au niveau local – en sus des actions décidées au niveau national – est incontournable. Nous évaluons ici les coûts et les bénéfices liés à la décarbonation de Paris en considérant l'ensemble des parties prenantes (la Ville de Paris, les ménages, les entreprises, les bailleurs sociaux, ainsi que l'État et des opérateurs). La décarbonation nécessite des changements de comportements en termes de mobilité, des investissements importants pour la rénovation thermique des bâtiments (isolation et système de chauffage) et des investissements dans des véhicules électriques. Par rapport à un scénario tendanciel dans lequel les émissions de CO2 diminuent trop lentement pour atteindre l'objectif d'émissions nettes nulles en 2050, ces actions requièrent des investissements supplémentaires de l'ordre de 2 milliards d'euros par an d'ici 2030, puis de 1, 5 milliard par an à l'horizon 2050. Les économies sur les factures énergétiques ne suffisent pas à rentabiliser ces investissements (sauf à considérer un renchérissement important du prix des énergies fossiles par rapport à l'électricité décarbonée). Cependant, les actions de décarbonation offrent des cobénéfices liés notamment à une meilleure qualité de l'air et à la réduction des embouteillages. La prise en compte de ces co-bénéfices, en plus de la réduction de la facture énergétique, assure la rentabilité sociale des actions de décarbonation. Le partage des coûts d'investissements se pose cependant, notamment pour la rénovation des logements privés compte tenu de la faiblesse des rendements financiers pour les ménages, de leurs contraintes de financement et de l'organisation en copropriété. Les investissements nécessaires à la décarbonation créeront des emplois, particulièrement dans le secteur du bâtiment. La disponibilité d'une main-d'oeuvre qualifiée et bien formée dans la rénovation énergétique est cruciale à l'échelle régionale. Toutefois, des obstacles freinent ces investissements et l'atteinte de performances énergétiques élevées : des intérêts divergents entre propriétaires et locataires, le manque de disponibilités financières des ménages ou les difficultés d'accès au crédit et les asymétries d'information entre experts du bâtiment et propriétaires non spécialistes. Les autorités locales peuvent atténuer ces barrières grâce à des politiques ciblées. |
| Date: | 2025–05–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-05067638 |
| By: | Andrés Mauricio Sánchez-Jabba; Solangie Artunduaga-López |
| Abstract: | Este estudio evalúa el impacto de la provisión de vivienda en una zona rural de un país en desarrollo. Para ello se analiza un programa gubernamental que entregó casas prefabricadas a hogares cuya vivienda fue destruida por una inundación provocada por la ruptura del Canal del Dique en Santa Lucía, Colombia, a finales de 2010. La evaluación empleó metodologías complementarias de Diferencias en Diferencias y Propensity Score Matching para la inferencia causal, reduciendo la endogeneidad asociada con la asignación no aleatoria del tratamiento. Las condiciones habitacionales se midieron mediante un índice que abarca los principales componentes afectados por la intervención, entre los cuales se incluyen los materiales de construcción, el acceso a saneamiento básico y la fuente de energía utilizada para cocinar. Los resultados indican que la intervención redujo déficits habitacionales preexistentes en una magnitud de entre 0, 21 y 0, 37 desviaciones estándar. Al realizar un análisis descriptivo del efecto del programa sobre variables indicativas de la salud de los hogares, encontramos que el grupo de tratamiento reportó un 43, 6% menos de visitas médicas y una incidencia de enfermedades gastrointestinales 38, 5% menor en comparación con el grupo de control, lo que resalta el potencial de las intervenciones post- desastre para mejorar aspectos clave relacionados con el bienestar de los hogares. **** ABSTRACT: This study assesses the impact of housing provision in a rural area of a developing country. It examines a government program that delivered prefabricated houses to households whose dwellings were destroyed by flooding caused by the breach of the Canal del Dique in Santa Lucía, Colombia, at the end of 2010. The evaluation combined Difference-in-Differences and Propensity Score Matching methodologies to draw causal inference and mitigate the endogeneity arising from the program’s non-random assignment. Housing conditions were measured with an index that captures the main components affected by the intervention, including construction materials, access to basic sanitation, and energy sources used for cooking. The results indicate that the program reduced pre-existing housing deficits by between 0.21 and 0.37 standard deviations. A descriptive analysis of health-related variables shows that the treatment group reported 43.6 percent fewer medical visits and a 38.5 percent lower incidence of gastrointestinal diseases than the control group, underscoring the potential of post-disaster interventions to improve key aspects of household well-being. |
| Keywords: | respuestas gubernamentales a desastres naturales, déficit habitacional en zonas rurales, evaluación de impacto, governmental responses to natural disasters, housing deficit in rural areas, impact evaluation |
| JEL: | H84 O18 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdr:region:333 |
| By: | muhammad islam, Muqeem |
| Abstract: | The evolution of innovation dates back to ancient civilizations and continues to shape modern economies through high-tech advancements. Reverse engineering—a process of deconstructing and enhancing technologies—has been instrumental in industrial growth worldwide, notably in countries like China and Japan. Pakistan’s potential in leveraging reverse engineering remains underutilized, hindered by outdated infrastructure, inadequate R&D investments, weak institutional frameworks, and fragmented policies. Initiatives like STZs and the Digital Pakistan Policy offer promise but suffer from misaligned execution. This study underscores the transformative potential of reverse engineering in Pakistan’s defense, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and renewable energy sectors. By fostering academia-industry-government collaboration, improving infrastructure, and adopting global best practices, Pakistan can bridge its technological gaps, enhance export competitiveness, and reduce its import dependency. A robust reverse engineering strategy will catalyze innovation, strengthen industrial output, and pave the way for long-term economic sustainability and self-reliance. |
| Keywords: | Reverse engineering, innovation, economic sustainability, high-tech industries Pakistan |
| JEL: | O2 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124837 |
| By: | Mukashov, Askar; Diao, Xinshen; Jones, Eleanor; Thurlow, James |
| Abstract: | This study explores Zambia’s vulnerability to economic shocks and identifies those contributing most to economic uncertainty. The Zambian Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model was employed to simulate a range of potential economic outcomes under various sampled shock scenarios developed using historical data on domestic agricultural yield volatilities and world market prices for traded goods. Data mining and machine learning methods were applied to quantify the contribution of each shock to the uncertainty of these outcomes. We find that Zambia’s economy is predominantly exposed to external risks, with foreign capital flows and world market price volatility together accounting for approximately three-fourths of potential variations in GDP, private consumption, poverty, and undernourishment. Domestic agricultural yield volatilities contribute the remaining one-fourth. The current struc-ture of the Zambian economy underpins these results. While agriculture is the most uncertain sector, its relatively small contribution to GDP limits its economywide and macroeconomic impacts. Instead, export earnings from cop-per and foreign exchange capital flows play a much more significant role in shaping Zambia's economic risks and their social and economic impacts. Understanding how potential shocks might impact various segments of the Zambian economy and population is a critical first step in facilitating a discussion on risk mitigation strategies that include increasing sectoral productivity or diversifying production to reduce reliance on high-risk sectors. |
| Keywords: | shock; economic shock; computable general equilibrium models; agriculture; market prices; exports; climate; machine learning; Zambia; Africa; Southern Africa |
| Date: | 2024–12–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ewracb:168167 |
| By: | Marín Díazaraque, Juan Miguel; Romero, Eva; Lopes Moreira Da Veiga, María Helena |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces a new asymmetric stochastic volatility model designed to capture how both the sign and magnitude of past shocks influence future volatility. The proposed Leverage Propagation Stochastic Volatility (LPSV) model extends traditional formulations by allowing the feedback mechanism to evolve over time, offering a more persistent and realistic representation of leverage effects than standard asymmetric stochastic volatility models. Based on the intuition that the impact of negative shocks on volatility unfolds gradually, rather than instantaneously, the model encodes this ``leverage propagation'' directly in its structure. Under Gaussian assumptions, we establish stationarity conditions and derive closed-form expressions for variance, kurtosis, and a novel leverage propagation function that quantifies delayed transmission of asymmetry. A Monte Carlo study confirms the robustness of Bayesian inference via Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), even under heavy-tailed shocks. In empirical applications, the LPSV model captures volatility clustering and asymmetric persistence more effectively than competing alternatives, using daily financial returns from the German DAX and U.S. S&P 500. Moreover, the model captures prolonged volatility responses to non-financial shocks -illustrated through PM2.5 air pollution data from Madrid during Saharan dust events, demonstrating its broader relevance for environmental volatility modelling. These findings highlight the versatility of the model to trace the dynamics of delayed volatility sensitive to sign in different domains where understanding the persistence of risk is crucial. |
| Keywords: | Asymmetric volatility; Bayesian inference; Heavy tails; Leverage effect; Volatility feedback; Stochastic volatility |
| Date: | 2025–05–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:wsrepe:47005 |
| By: | Edwin Kenamu; Liesbeth Colen |
| Abstract: | In 2015, Southern Africa experienced a drought that affected approximately 30 million people across seven countries. Using a nationally representative household panel survey data set and a remotely sensed measure of drought intensity during the 2015-16 farming season, we rigorously estimate the short-term effects of the drought on food insecurity and child malnutrition in Malawi, and the mitigating effect of a humanitarian transfer programme. |
| Keywords: | Weather shock, Child nutrition, Food security, Malawi, Humanitarian assistance, Malnutrition |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2025-36 |
| By: | Intraligi, Valerio; Biagetti, Marco; Principi, Andrea |
| Abstract: | An expanding body of research documents the adverse impact of heat stress on aggregate employment outcomes, particularly in climate-exposed sectors and occupations. Yet, the role of individual-level heterogeneity-especially for what concerns ageing-remains relatively underexplored. By using Italian individual-level labor market survey data over 2004-2017, this study employs a pseudo panel research design to assess the impact of heath waves on the probability of transitioning in and out of employment for different cohort groups. While preliminary individual-level evidence indicates that heat waves significantly increase the probability of employment exit and decrease the probability of employment entry; controlling for unobservable cohort-province characteristics yields that only older cohorts show a higher probability of employment exit-while only younger ones show a lower probability of entry. These findings provide robust evidence of the vulnerability of older workers to climate-related labor market disruptions, and underscore the importance of integrating age-sensitive dimensions into labor and climate policy frameworks. |
| Keywords: | heat waves, Workforce ageing, Probit model, Pseudo panel, Employment transitions |
| JEL: | C51 C55 J00 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:318649 |
| By: | Weifeng Larry Liu; Warwick J. McKibbin |
| Abstract: | This paper surveys long-term projections of global GDP per capita and presents our own projections through 2050 using a multi-country-multi-sector general equilibrium model (G-Cubed). Existing studies generally agree that global GDP per capita growth will continue to slow in the coming decades, driven by several global challenges such as rapid population ageing, slower technological progress, weaker capital investment, and stagnating educational attainment. Projections tend to be consistent for advanced economies, but vary considerably for developing regions, highlighting the importance of alternative methodologies and assumptions, as well as inherent long-term uncertainty. While existing studies rely on neoclassical mod-els with an aggregate production sector, the G-Cubed model takes a disaggregated approach to projecting productivity and output that accounts for dynamic inter-actions between sectors and across economies. Our projections incorporate the impacts of three fundamental factors: productivity growth, population ageing, and climate change. Productivity growth in advanced economies is expected to slow, but artificial intelligence could counteract the decline and serve as an engine for sustained growth. Population ageing in most advanced economies will continue to constrain labour supply, potentially reducing GDP per capita through changes in age structure. Climate change poses challenges to economic growth through multiple channels, with moderate quantitative impacts by mid-century. The extent to which developing regions can boost productivity, leverage demographic advantages, and navigate climate change will depend on policy choices, as well as governance and institutional improvements. Finally, the paper discusses the implications of geopolitical fragmentation, government debt, and public infrastructure on economic growth. |
| Keywords: | economic growth, long-term projections, productivity growth, population ageing, climate change, artificial intelligence, geopolitical fragmentation, government debt |
| JEL: | O40 O33 C53 C68 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2025-31 |
| By: | Shuhei NISHITATENO |
| Abstract: | Contrary to expectations in business and policy circles, progress in the adoption of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) and the expansion of hydrogen charging stations (HCSs) has been slow in developed countries, raising concerns about the viability of hydrogen mobility. To address this challenge, this study examines the indirect network effects in Japan’s FCEV market. We estimate the impact of HCS deployment on FCEV adoption using vehicle registration data from 2013 to 2020 and a staggered difference-in-differences research design. Additionally, we assess the effect of FCEV stock on HCS deployment using a system generalized method of moments estimator in a dynamic panel model. The results indicate positive and statistically significant indirect network effects on both sides of the market; however, the size of the network effects remains insufficient to generate positive feedback loops. Weak indirect network effects are also reflected in event-study results, demonstrating that the effect of HCS deployment on FCEV adoption diminishes over time. Our study suggests that developing HCS networks at an early stage is financially unsustainable without strong demand-side growth. This study broadens the understanding of zero-emission vehicle markets by providing the first evidence on indirect network effects in the FCEV market, while highlighting key distinctions from the battery electric vehicle market. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:25045 |
| By: | Benavides (Dir. proy.), Juan (FEDESARROLLO); Cabrales, Sergio (FEDESARROLLO) |
| Abstract: | Por una combinación de políticas públicas pasadas y actuales, que han introducido costos de transacción a la exploración y a la explotación del gas natural doméstico convencional y no convencional, indecisiones sobre uso, tamaño, localización y remuneración de nuevas facilidades de importación, inflexibilidades en contratación y cobro por distancia del sistema de transporte, Colombia se enfrenta a un déficit y posible desabastecimiento de gas natural en el corto plazo. Fedesarrollo presenta cinco notas técnicas sobre los impactos del déficit de gas natural debidos a la reducción de la oferta doméstica, las dificultades de ampliar las capacidades de importación en el corto plazo, y al aumento de precios para los usuarios finales por necesidades de importación. Estas notas tienen como objetivo dar elementos de juicio para la toma de decisiones dentro del Estado e informar a la opinión con datos públicos y argumentos orientados por el interés general. Los títulos de las notas técnicas son los siguientes: Nota 1. Incremento del precio del gas natural residencial en escenarios de mayor importación. Nota 2. Costo fiscal por mayores subsidios ante el aumento del precio del gas natural. Nota 3. Costos macroeconómicos de la reducción de la oferta de gas natural. Nota 4. Pobreza energética por reducción de la oferta y aumento del precio en gas natural. Nota 5. Política pública y regulación de corto y mediano plazo. |
| Keywords: | Gas; Gas Natural; Regulación; Exploración; Colombia |
| JEL: | L72 L95 O13 Q41 |
| Date: | 2025–05–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000124:021068 |
| By: | Maxime TERRIEUX |
| Abstract: | A pesar de contar con instituciones sólidas y una combinación de políticas públicas por lo general acertada, el modelo económico colombiano se está quedando sin fuerza. Desde hace una década, tras el fin del superciclo de las materias primas, el crecimiento económico ha registrado una tendencia descendente y los indicadores socioeconómicos se han estancado, lo que evidenciauna economía inmersa en la trampa del ingreso medio. Este estancamiento pone de manifiesto los problemas estructurales relacionados con la productividad y la falta de inversión. Más importante aún, persiste la cuestión de la sostenibilidad del modelo económico a mediano y largo plazo. La dependencia de los hidrocarburos sigue siendo alta. Ante el agotamiento previsto de las reservas (quedan unos siete años para el petróleo y el gas), la necesaria diversificación de la economía y la lucha contra el cambio climático, se impone un cambio de paradigma. Aunque el presidente Petro ha anunciado el abandono progresivo de los combustibles fósiles y un plan de reindustrialización, parece que aún no se ha iniciado una verdadera dinámica de diversificación. La economía también se encuentra limitada por unas finanzas públicas sometidas a fuerte presión.En 2021 Colombia perdió el grado de inversión y, a pesar del fortalecimiento de la regla fiscal, el país enfrenta dificultades para recuperar su credibilidad fiscal ante los inversionistas. Este doble desafío –el agotamiento del modelo económico y las restricciones fiscales– exige cambios profundos. La transición energética representa una oportunidad real para transformar la economía y responder al primero de estos desafíos. Sin embargo, está por demostrarse la capacidad de las autoridades para implementar las distintas estrategias formuladas, en particular la hoja de ruta para la transición energética presentada recientemente, máxime cuando el contexto político (falta de consenso) y de seguridad (reveses de la Paz Total) es complejo. Al mismo tiempo, es crucial recuperar la credibilidad fiscal para crear un entorno propicio para la inversión privada, llamada a convertirse en el principal motor de un nuevo modelo económico sostenible. |
| Keywords: | Colombie |
| JEL: | E |
| Date: | 2025–05–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:es18070 |
| By: | Hoogland, Kelly PhD; Hardman, Scott PhD |
| Abstract: | Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), including both battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are crucial forreducing emissions and meeting sustainability targets, yet their adoption has been limited primarily to higher-income and new car buyers, leaving most low-income households without access. To help inform policies that will accelerate access to used BEVs in particular, this study explored car buying behavior, costs, and usage within and between groups defined by vehicle condition (new vs. used), fuel type(battery-electric vehicles [BEVs] vs. internal combustion engine vehicles [ICEVs], and income level. BEV owning, new-car buying, andhaving higher incomewere each associated with one another. On average the proportion of total income spent on vehicle-relatedexpenses is at least six times higher for householdswith incomes less than $75, 000 than householdswith incomes of $250, 000 or more. While BEVs offer savings in maintenance and fuel cost compared to ICEVs, the initial price for both new and used BEVs may need to be subsidized to alleviate cost burden for lower-income households. Used car buyers, ICEV owners, and lower-income householdspredominantly do not purchase or maintain their vehicles at automaker dealerships and tend to buy older vehicles withmore mileagethan would be covered by BEV warranties. These findings have implications for the current structure of financial incentives being limited to automaker dealerships. Other possible barriers to BEV uptake for lower-income households and used car buyers, include reliability concerns and limited home charging access. BEV adoption across all income groups could be increased by broadening eligibility for incentives, enhancing battery warranties, offering battery replacement rebates, and expanding home charging infrastructure. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Plug-in hybrid vehicles, Electric vehicles, Automobile ownership, Operating costs, Subsidies, Electric vehicle charging |
| Date: | 2025–05–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt5nn570fd |
| By: | NING, Donglai; YASUDA, Yukihiro |
| Abstract: | This study investigates whether biodiversity risk disclosures reduce stock price crash risk, exploiting the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures’ (TNFD) early adopter announcement as a quasi-natural experiment. Using a difference-in-differences framework, we find that TNFD adoption significantly reduces crash risk among Japanese firms. Our findings highlight biodiversity risk disclosures’ unique and complementary role, underscoring their importance in enhancing market transparency and mitigating downside risk. |
| Keywords: | Biodiversity Risk, Difference-in-Differences, the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures, Stock Price Crash Risk, Japan |
| JEL: | G14 G30 M40 Q50 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hcfrwp:g-1-28 |
| By: | Bastian Wei{\ss}enburger; Lukas Karkossa; Annegret Stephan; Russell McKenna |
| Abstract: | Transporting hydrogen using pipelines is becoming increasingly relevant in the energy system, yet current cost estimates typically rely on simplistic approaches that overlook region-specific characteristics, leading to potential underestimations of costs. This paper examines hydrogen pipeline costs by incorporating regional geographical factors, such as land use, topography and existing infrastructure, together with political-economic factors represented through country-specific weighted average costs of capital. Using a GIS-based model, we demonstrate that the regional levelized cost of transportation can vary by up to a factor of three. Comparing our approach with conventional ones based on uniform detour factors in an existing European energy system analysis framework shows substantial deviations in trade flows and highlights the relevance of this work. We provide cost and route data for 4, 900 potential global pipeline routes. Our findings yield valuable insights for further research and stakeholders when assessing the economic viability of hydrogen as a competitive energy carrier. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.01124 |
| By: | Zanfrillo, Alicia Inés |
| Abstract: | El comercio internacional desempeña un rol fundamental en la dinámica del sector pesquero, puesto que los productos derivados de esta actividad se sitúan en una posición prominente en las demandas del mercado a nivel mundial. El incremento de la captura pesquera, la consolidación de las cadenas de suministro a nivel global y el aumento de la densidad poblacional en las zonas costeras plantean desafíos significativos para la salud de los océanos y para la sostenibilidad de los recursos marinos. La pesca ilegal, no declarada y no reglamentada constituye otra problemática que afecta la sostenibilidad del recurso pesquero, pues se traduce en impactos ambientales adversos, comprometiendo el equilibrio de los ecosistemas marinos, afectando la calidad del agua, la supervivencia de las especies y la sostenibilidad de las pesquerías. Esta amenaza establece desigualdades notorias ante el cumplimiento de las legislaciones vigentes en la comercialización de productos pesqueros. En tiempos recientes se ha observado un incremento en la conciencia social en relación con la seguridad alimentaria. Esta atención hacia la inocuidad se fortalece mediante el empleo de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación -TIC-, las cuales facilitan un acceso más amplio a información tanto acerca de la procedencia y elaboración de los productos pesqueros garantizando la sostenibilidad de los recursos como sobre la descripción nutricional, a fin de garantizar el derecho a una alimentación adecuada. Las pautas culturales orientadas a una alimentación saludable y las demandas crecientes en torno a la calidad de los productos alimenticios estimulan la adopción de sistemas de trazabilidad. Estos sistemas tienen como objetivo proporcionar información detallada en un mercado globalizado, permitiendo así conocer su procedencia y los procesos relacionados con la captura, producción, comercialización y distribución de los productos. La función de estos sistemas consiste en garantizar el acceso tanto al origen como al trayecto realizado en cada eslabón de la cadena de elaboración, hasta su destinatario final. El etiquetado de los productos juega un papel fundamental en la garantía de la procedencia y el recorrido de elaboración en la planta, proporcionando información esencial para una gestión más eficiente y sostenible, a partir de la conciliación de referentes de diversas entidades y jurisdicciones, con intereses y posturas disímiles entre sí. La trazabilidad, considerada un elemento fundamental de la seguridad alimentaria, ha evolucionado desde su concepción inicial como una herramienta de gestión de información asociada con el seguimiento de productos hasta un enfoque centrado en la gestión de la calidad, según la norma ISO 9000:2000 (Calvo-Dopico, 2015; Metref y Calvo-Dopico, 2016). Organizaciones como la "World Wildlife Fund" la definen como la capacidad de acceder a toda la información relacionada con el ciclo completo de un producto, enmarcando su aplicación en la cadena de suministro y reconociendo su impacto en la seguridad alimentaria, la salud y el medio ambiente, especialmente en la actividad pesquera (WWF, 2015). La trazabilidad en productos derivados de la pesca proporciona información crucial sobre su identidad, proceso de transformación, movimiento y destino. Además de garantizar la seguridad alimentaria y el cumplimiento de regulaciones, la trazabilidad también promueve la sostenibilidad al certificar las capturas y rastrear su origen. Se distinguen dos aspectos fundamentales de la trazabilidad: el seguimiento hacia adelante, que permite rastrear un producto a lo largo de la cadena de suministro, y el rastreo, que identifica su procedencia retrocediendo en la cadena. Los principios básicos de la trazabilidad incluyen la identificación de productos entrantes, la captura y registro de datos relacionados con su procesamiento y la identificación de productos salientes y sus destinos. Dada la importancia de disponer de información sobre las capturas pesqueras a lo largo de su ciclo de vida, el propósito de este trabajo es analizar la incorporación de tecnologías para garantizar la trazabilidad pesquera en el Mar Argentino, en comparación con otras experiencias internacionales. Se presenta el desarrollo de una aplicación para el registro de la captura y "bycatch" desde el mar hasta la estiba, con pruebas efectuadas en la ciudad de Mar del Plata a partir de un convenio entre Fundación Vida Silvestre Argentina y la Facultad Regional Mar del Plata de la Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN-FRMDP). Finalmente, se presentan las tecnologías vigentes en materia de trazabilidad a nivel nacional, en comparación con otros países y se plantean los procesos pendientes de digitalización para el desarrollo del ciclo completo de dichos sistemas en el país. |
| Keywords: | Trazabilidad; Sostenibilidad; Pesca; Sistemas de Información; Seguridad Alimentaria; Transformación Digital; |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4325 |
| By: | Puyana, Rafael (FEDESARROLLO); Martin, Clara Patricia; Grosman, Nicolás; Beverinotti, Javier; Moure, Julieta; Rojas, María Paula; Rodríguez, Sebastián (FEDESARROLLO) |
| Abstract: | Este estudio analiza cuatro cadenas de valor estratégicas en Colombia - pesca, textiles y confecciones, plásticos y caucho, y automotriz - para identificar oportunidades que permitan fortalecer su integración en cadenas globales de valor, al tiempo que se avanza en su descarbonización. Se identifican obstáculos críticos y se proponen acciones concretas de política pública y cooperación público-privada para superarlos. Se estima que las oportunidades de acortamiento de cadenas pueden estar asociadas a aumentos del orden de USD 6 mil millones en los próximos 5 años, equivalentes a aumentar un 30% las exportaciones no tradicionales colombianas. De estos, USD 2 mil millones provendrían de las cuatro cadenas del estudio. |
| Keywords: | Cadenas Globales de Valor; Comercio Internacional; Sostenibilidad Ambiental; Pesca; Automotriz; Textil y Confecciones; Plástico y Caucho |
| JEL: | F14 F18 |
| Date: | 2025–04–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000124:021066 |
| By: | Fabianek, Paul (E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN)); Atasoy, Ayse Tugba (E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN)); Madlener, Reinhard (E.ON Energy Research Center, Future Energy Consumer Needs and Behavior (FCN)) |
| Abstract: | Congestion at charging stations during peak hours limits their optimal utilization hindering the adoption of e vehicles by restricting user mobility. This study examines how dynamic pricing schemes can incentivize users to modify their charging behavior and alleviate charging station congestion. Through a survey-based experiment, we quantified users’ willingness to pay across different pricing schemes with variations in time, location, and duration. Results demonstrate that average price reductions required for demand shifting were: 23.9% to change charging time (day to night), 24.1% to change location (by 1 km), and 29.7% to accept a prolongation of charging duration (by 100%). Responsiveness to dynamic pricing varied based on e-vehicle driving experience, mobility patterns, and socio-demographic characteristics. Our findings indicate that sufficient financial incentives can effectively reduce charging station congestion. We recommend policymakers to establish regulatory frameworks for dynamic pricing for electric vehicle charging and further investigate the effectiveness of various pricing schemes. |
| Keywords: | Dynamic Electricity Pricing; Demand Response; Charging Infrastructure; Flexible Charging; Consumer Preferences; Sustainable Mobility; Germany |
| JEL: | C99 D12 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:fcnwpa:2025_001 |
| By: | Aragie, Emerta A. |
| Abstract: | With a population exceeding 120 million, Ethiopia is home to 77 million people who directly depend on agriculture for their livelihoods (World Bank, 2024a). The country registered robust agricultural growth of about 5% on average for a decade since 2013 (NBE, 2023). The Ethiopian government has been encouraged to target its development interventions to sustain and accelerate the growth and transformation of the economy (IFAD, 2023; Aragie & Balié, 2019). However, the pattern of support and the composition of growth are critical factors influencing changes in poverty, employment, and diet quality (Christiaensen & Martin, 2018; Pham & Riedel, 2019). Assessing the linkages between economic growth and poverty, employment, and diet quality is a topic of importance to both country policymakers and their development partners. Few studies, including Fan and Zhang (2008), Aragie, et al (2022), Benfica, et al. (2019) and Pauw and Thurlow (2015), have so far assessed and ranked various on-farm and off-farm interventions in relation to their impacts on selected outcome indicators and suggested to policy makers the most cost-effective ways of allocating scarce public resources for maximum impact. |
| Keywords: | agrifood systems; investment; climate change; prices; globalization; Ethiopia; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ceaspb:168419 |