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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Bulut, Hamid; Samuel, Robin |
| Abstract: | In the face of climate change, the principles of distributive social justice have become paramount in addressing the implications of resource allocation and the unequal impacts of environmental degradation. Our study explores the relationship between distributive social justice and environmental attitudes among young people in the context of climate change. Using a natural experimental design, we examine how the 2021 European Floods influenced social justice and environmental attitudes. Our results indicate significant shifts in attitudes, particularly regarding social justice, following the flooding. We found a strong and robust relationship between social justice and environmental attitudes. A causal mediation analysis revealed that floods affected environmental attitudes indirectly through social justice attitudes beyond direct effects. Our results emphasise the importance of integrating the principles of justice in addressing climate change and suggest that young people’s perspectives on social justice play a crucial role in shaping environmental policies and responses to climate crises. |
| Date: | 2025–03–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:gx4hc_v3 |
| By: | Thurner, Stefan; Borsos, András; Tabachová, Zlata (Complexity Science Hub); Diem, Christian (Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School); Stangl, Johannes (Complexity Science Hub) |
| Abstract: | On the way towards carbon neutrality, climate stress testing provides estimates for the physical and transition risks that climate change poses to the economy and the financial system. Missing firm-level CO2 emissions data severely impedes the assessment of transition risks originating from carbon pricing. Based on the individual emissions of all Hungarian firms (410, 523), as estimated from their fossil fuel purchases, we conduct a stress test of both actual and hypothetical carbon pricing policies. Using a simple 1:1 economic ABM and introducing the new carbon-to-profit ratio, we identify firms that become unprofitable and default, and estimate the respective loan write-offs. We find that 45% of all companies are directly exposed to carbon pricing. At a price of 45 EUR/t, direct economic losses of 1.3% of total sales and bank equity losses of 1.2% are expected. Secondary default cascades in supply chain networks could increase these losses by 300% to 4000%, depending on firms' ability to substitute essential inputs. To reduce transition risks, firms should reduce their dependence on essential inputs from supply chains with high CO2 exposure. We discuss the implications of different policy implementations on these transition risks. |
| Keywords: | transition risks, climate stress testing, firm-level carbon emissions estimation, carbon pricing, EU ETS II, supply chain network contagion, firm-level production network, systemic risk, climate policy relevant sectors |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2025-04 |
| By: | Kevin Geyer Harrison |
| Abstract: | Removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere may slow climate change and ocean acidification. My approach converts atmospheric carbon dioxide into graphite (CD2G). The net profit for this conversion is ~$381/ton CO2 removed from the atmosphere. At the gigaton scale, CD2G factories will increase the affordability and availability of graphite. Since graphite can be used to make thermal batteries and electrodes for fuel cells and batteries, CD2G factories will help lower the cost of storing renewable energy, which will accelerate the transition to renewable energy. Replacing fossil fuel energy with renewable energy will slow the release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, also slowing climate change. Converting atmospheric carbon dioxide into graphite will both generate a profit and slow climate change. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2504.01033 |
| By: | Wadim Strielkowski |
| Abstract: | This paper focuses on assessing the potentials for the efficient low carbon development in green hydrogen and ammonia economy using an example of Ukraine as a case study. It describes the country prerequisites for the transition to renewable energy sources and outlines the ongoing green hydrogen projects. Moreover, it offers a comprehensive SWOT analysis of Ukraine engagement in the green hydrogen and ammonia economy. Furthermore, the paper employs a comprehensive bibliometric network analysis using a sample of 204 selected publications indexed in the Web of Science database. It is doing so by carrying out the network cluster analysis using the text data as well as the bibliometric data with the help of VOSViewer software. The results and outcomes might be helpful for researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers alike in devising effective strategies and policies aimed at rebuilding and recreating Ukrainian efficient low-carbon energy sector based on the renewable energy sources. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2503.22326 |
| By: | Léo Revelli |
| Abstract: | Growing financial needs for a sustainable transition have led to the development of green finance and citizen-led monetary innovations. These initiatives recognized the necessity of developing new forms of money regarding the environmental crisis, referred to as environmental complementary currency (ECCs). ECCs aim to generate environmental benefits by rewarding pro-environmental behaviors, funding green projects, encouraging short supply chains and circular economy, and increasing environmental awareness and knowledge within communities.Despite case studies highlighting ECCs' potential benefits, no comprehensive synthesis of their environmental impact exists. This paper addresses this gap by theoretically identifying ECCs’ environmental impact and inferring their actual magnitude through a systematic review. Searches conducted on Google Scholar, Scopus, and field-specific databases yielded a dataset of 35 empirical studies on ECCs’ environmental impacts, focusing on grassroots and emerging forms of complementary currencies, including digital and crypto-currencies. Schemes not designed to reduce the footprint of human activities were excluded. Findings suggest that ECCs can reduce their users’ environmental impacts by raising awareness and knowledge and promoting a shift towards environmentally sustainable consumption. Moreover, we cannot conclude that the localization effects associated with ECCs generate benefits. This paper highlights the limitations of existing research and suggests directions for future studies. |
| Keywords: | Complementary currency; Ecological economics; Environmental impacts; Systematic review; Behavioral economics |
| JEL: | E51 D91 Q01 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–04–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sol:wpaper:2013/390180 |
| By: | Bolte, Andreas; Ammer, Christian; Blaschke, Markus; Bräsicke, Nadine; Caspari, Steffen; Degen, Bernd; Elmer, Michael; Eusemann, Pascal; Gärtner, Stefanie; Großner, Martin M.; Katzenberger, Jakob; Kätzel, Ralf; Kleinschmit, Jörg R. G.; Krüger, Inken; Meyer, Peter; Michler, Berit Annika; Pertl, Caren; Printzen, Christian; Sanders, Tanja; Schäfer, Ralf; Uhl, Enno; Weiß, Lina; Wellbrock, Nicole; Wirth, Christian; Züghart, Wiebke; Kroiher, Franz |
| Abstract: | Forests offer a diversity of habitats for animals, plants, and fungi. With this they are essential in providing a multitude of ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, wood provision, clean water, and recreation, as well as, natural hazard protection. Their large genetic diversity and heterogeneity of species and habitats is the foundation of a successful adaptation to climate change. Last but not least, it is worth protecting and further evolving forest biodiversity for its intrinsic value and beauty. According to the recent National Forest Inventory (BWI 2022) about 95 % of German forests are currently managed. However, there is a wide range of management systems and intensities. These are apparent past and present as well as between the different regions. A deeper understanding of the effects of different forest management systems on the biological diversity (later on: biodiversity) is essential to not only to preserve forest biodiversity but to selectively use it to secure all ecosystem services, as well as, creating resilient forests under climate change. Besides management, the changing climate, deposition, and pesticides influence forest biodiversity... |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimwp:356546 |
| By: | Bryan Campbell; Michel Magnan; Robert Normand; Elizabeth Labonté; Léo Lamy-Laliberté |
| Abstract: | According to a recent report by KPMG International, success in achieving global and national carbon neutrality targets depends greatly on cities' climate risk management decisions and actions. According to some estimates, emissions from municipal services account for around 3% of a community's total emissions. The management of carbon neutrality by the municipal administration can have a significant knock-on effect on the population and the private sector in general. In this report, the authors propose a “dashboard of carbon emissions” resulting from activities specific to the management of a city. This includes Scope 1 emissions, i.e., those directly related to the organization (essentially, emissions resulting from fuel use by municipal vehicles, waste and residual materials management and industrial activities that could be carried out by a city) and Scope 2 emissions, i.e., those resulting from energy consumption (electricity and gas) by an organization's physical infrastructure (buildings). Four cities representative of the major categories of Quebec municipalities were selected: Trois-Rivières, Victoriaville, Varennes and Nicolet. Their analyses show that carbon intensity per dollar spent is conditional on some strategic choices: use of electricity or natural gas for building heating, use of electric or gas-powered vehicles, selective waste collection and management with or without composting obligation. Other dimensions, such as the size of the municipality, may also have an effect on the carbon intensity of spending, but measuring their impact would have required a larger sample. The authors identify four main issues that could affect the reliability of carbon emissions measurement: 1) the traceability of the carbon intensity of municipal activities through the financial information system; 2) the availability of carbon intensity when municipal activities are outsourced; 3) the conditioning or treatment applied in solid waste or wastewater management; and 4) the accounting classification itself. Selon un récent rapport de KPMG International, le succès dans l’atteinte des cibles mondiales et nationales de carboneutralité repose en grande partie sur les décisions et actions des villes en matière de gestion des risques climatiques. Selon certaines estimations, les émissions émanant des services offerts par l’administration municipale représentent environ 3 % des émissions totales d’une collectivité. La gestion de la carboneutralité par l’administration municipale peut avoir un effet d’entraînement important sur la population et le secteur privé en général. Dans ce rapport, les auteurs proposent un « tableau de bord des émissions de carbone » découlant des activités propres à la gestion d’une ville. Sont incluses les émissions de portée 1, soit celles qui relèvent directement de l’organisation (essentiellement, les émissions découlant de l’utilisation de carburant par les véhicules municipaux, de la gestion des déchets et matières résiduelles et des activités industrielles qui pourraient être conduites par une ville) et les émissions de portée 2, soit celles découlant de la consommation d’énergie (électricité et gaz) par l’infrastructure physique (immeubles) d’une organisation. Quatre villes représentatives des grandes catégories de municipalités québécoises ont été retenues : Trois-Rivières, Victoriaville, Varennes et Nicolet. Leurs analyses révèlent que l’intensité carbone par dollar dépensé est conditionnelle à certains choix stratégiques : utilisation d’électricité ou de gaz naturel pour le chauffage des bâtiments, utilisation de véhicules électriques ou à essence, collecte et gestion de déchets sélective avec ou sans obligation de compostage. D’autres dimensions, comme la superficie de la municipalité, peuvent également avoir un effet sur l’intensité carbone des dépenses, mais la mesure de leur impact aurait nécessité un échantillonnage plus grand. Les auteurs identifient quatre principaux enjeux susceptibles d’affecter la fiabilité de la mesure des émissions de carbone : 1) la traçabilité de l’intensité carbone des activités municipales à travers le système d’information financière ; 2) la disponibilité de l’intensité carbone lorsque les activités municipales sont externalisées ; 3) le conditionnement ou le traitement appliqués dans la gestion des déchets solides ou eaux usées ; et 4) la classification comptable elle-même. |
| Keywords: | Dashboard, greenhouse gases (GHG), emissions, municipalities, financial policy, Tableau de bord, gaz à effet de serre (GES), émissions, municipalités, politique financière |
| Date: | 2025–04–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirpro:2025rp-13 |
| By: | Thierry Roncalli (UEVE - Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne) |
| Abstract: | These lecture notes are part of the Handbook of Sustainable Finance. They provide the basics of biodiversity for students and professionals who want to understand this topic and the key challenges of biodiversity investing. The first three sections cover the definition of biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services, and threats to biodiversity. These correspond to material typically taught in conservation biology courses. The fourth section focuses on measuring biodiversity. Finally, the last two sections cover biodiversity governance and regulation, and biodiversity investment approaches. In these lecture notes, we will learn that biodiversity goes far beyond the issues of species extinction and deforestation. In fact, it is much broader and includes fisheries, food security, health issues, invasive species, natural resources, pollution, and water stress, among others. However, most measures of biodiversity focus primarily on species richness, abundance, or extinction. From a financial perspective, this is unsatisfactory, and biodiversity finance requires more sophisticated metrics. In addition, new regulations and frameworks are pushing investors to become actively involved in biodiversity restoration. The concept of double materiality also underscores the importance of biodiversity to companies and implies some hidden risks in financial assets because they impact or can be impacted by biodiversity loss. Despite growing awareness, long-term investors are not yet fully equipped to integrate biodiversity risks into their investment decisions. While progress is being made, there is still a long way to go in developing robust methodologies that can effectively integrate biodiversity into sustainable investment strategies. |
| Keywords: | Biodiversity, species, ecosystem, natural capital, pollination, food security, habitat degradation, invasive species, pollution, overexploitation, biodiversity measurement, Convention on Biodiversity, TNFD, mitigation hierarchy |
| Date: | 2025–03–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04982922 |
| By: | Alice Pizzo; Christina Gravert; Jan M. Bauer; Lucia Reisch |
| Abstract: | We examine the impact of a carbon tax on consumer choices via a large-scale online randomized controlled trial. Higher taxes generally reduce the demand for high-carbon goods. Compared to an import tax, a carbon tax reduces demand when the tax is zero (i.e., announced but not levied) but leads to relatively higher demand for high-carbon goods when a positive tax is introduced. This contradiction of basic price theory is entirely driven by climate-concerned consumers. Our findings suggest that carbon taxes can crowd out climate concerns, leading to important implications for policy. |
| Keywords: | behavioral response, carbon pricing, climate change, climate policy, experiment, moral licensing |
| JEL: | Q58 C90 D03 D90 Q50 Q51 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11719 |
| By: | José Prudence Fongnikin (LEP/UAC - Université d’Abomey-Calavi / Laboratoire d’Économie Publique (LEP), Bénin); Magloire Lanha (LEP/UAC - Université d’Abomey-Calavi / Laboratoire d’Économie Publique (LEP), Bénin) |
| Abstract: | This study identifies the relationship between the characteristics of democratic systems and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Using a panel dataset covering over 110 countries from 1961 to 2022 and employing a threshold model, this study examines how democracy influences environmental quality. The findings from the analyses reveal that in a thriving democracy, freedom of expression is an effective means of improving environmental quality by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Conversely, the concentration of political power hinders the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. It is observed that when political power is centralized in the hands of the executive branch, excluding opportunities for oversight of government actions, the economy becomes increasingly emission-intensive, thereby degrading environmental quality. It is also noted that at a low level of GDP per capita, greenhouse gas emissions increase, but when GDP per capita rises to a certain threshold, greenhouse gas emissions decrease. This demonstrates the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for all countries in the study. These results highlight the need to develop appropriate climate policies while strengthening participatory and institutional mechanisms within democracies to optimize their impact on environmental sustainability. |
| Abstract: | Cette étude identifie la relation entre les caractéristiques des systèmes démocratiques et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES). En utilisant un ensemble de données de panel couvrant plus de 110 pays sur la période allant de 1961 à 2022 en présence d'un modèle de seuil, la présente étude examine la manière dont la démocratie influence la qualité de l'environnement. Les résultats issus de analyses révèlent que dans une démocratie prospère, la liberté d'expression est un moyen efficace pour améliorer la qualité de l'environnement par la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. En revanche, une concentration du pouvoir politique est une entrave à la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Il est constaté que lorsque le pouvoir politique est centré dans les mains de l'exécutif en excluant les possibilités de contrôle de l'action gouvernementale, l'économie dévient de plus en plus émettrice, dégradant ainsi qualité de l'environnement. Il est remarqué aussi qu'à un niveau bas du produit intérieur brut par habitant, les émissions de gaz à effet de serre connaissent une augmentation mais quand produit intérieur brut par habitant évolue pour atteindre un certain seuil les émissions de gaz à effet de serre connaissent une baisse. Ceci démontre la validité de l'hypothèse de la courbe environnementale de Kuznets pour l'ensemble des pays de l'étude. Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité d'élaborer des politiques climatiques adéquates, tout en renforçant les mécanismes participatifs et institutionnels au sein des démocraties pour optimiser leur impact sur la durabilité environnementale. |
| Keywords: | Démocratie , Gaz à effet de serre, Environnement , Politique climatique., African Scientific Journal, Democracy Greenhouse gases Environment Climate policy, Democracy, Greenhouse gases, Environment, Climate policy |
| Date: | 2025–03–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04985530 |
| By: | Olga Chiappinelli; Ambrogio Dalò; Leonardo M. Giuffrida; Vitezslav Titl |
| Abstract: | Governments support the green transition through green public procurement. Using US data, this paper provides the first empirical analysis of the causal effects of green contracts on corporate greenhouse gas emissions and economic performance. We focus on an affirmative program for sustainable products, which represents one-sixth of the total federal procurement budget, and publicly traded firms, which account for one-third of total US emissions. Our results show that securing green contracts reduces emissions relative to firm size and increases productivity. We find no evidence that the program selects greener firms, nor that green public procurement sales crowd out private sales. |
| Keywords: | public procurement, environmental policy, firm performance, greenhouse gas emissions, R&D, recycled materials, staggered difference-in-difference |
| JEL: | D22 D44 H32 H57 Q53 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11696 |
| By: | Schmitz Andreas (European Commission - JRC); Schade Burkhard (European Commission - JRC); Garaffa Rafael (European Commission - JRC); Keramidas Kimon (European Commission - JRC); Dowling Paul (European Commission - JRC); Fosse Florian (European Commission - JRC); Diaz Ana; Russ Peter (European Commission - JRC); Weitzel Matthias (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | "This study examines the impacts of enhancing technology progress in clean energy technologies on the global energy system and economy. The analysis focuses on eight thematic technology groups, including wind, solar, batteries, hydrogen and fuel cells, carbon capture, direct air capture and synfuels, biofuels, and heat pumps. Two policy scenarios are considered: a 2°C scenario with stringent carbon policies and a Reference scenario driven primarily by market forces.The study examines the technology adoption patterns within each technology group for the two scenarios, highlighting the differences in the evolution of costs, capacities and production. Moreover, the study analyses the overall impacts in terms of CO2 reduction, investment needs and energy supply costs of enhanced learning within each technology group, as well as for combining enhanced learning across multiple technology groups. The results show that enhanced learning can lead to significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, investment needs, and energy supply costs. Moreover, enhanced learning results in favourable in socio-economic outcomes (e.g. economy-wide investments, consumption and energy prices). However, the study suggests that enhancing technology progress is not at all a substitute for stringent climate policies to reduce CO2 emissions." |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc140568 |
| By: | Lavinia Heisenberg; Richhild Moessner |
| Abstract: | A key element in the transition to net zero carbon emissions is increasing the use of renewable energy, especially wind and solar energy, and scaling up energy storage sustainably to enable their greater use. This paper discusses the advantages and challenges of scaling up renewable energy storage with increased development and use of sodium ion batteries, and the role for green technology policy in addressing the externalities associated with these challenges. Sodium ion batteries can be built without the use of lithium and cobalt, in contrast to commonly used lithium ion batteries, thereby avoiding large environmental and social costs associated with mining of lithium and cobalt. There are externalities in building a recycling system for sodium ion batteries, since its components are not very valuable. Moreover, there are network externalities in building large-scale grid storage infrastructure, for which sodium ion batteries are suitable. Due to these externalities, there is a role for green technology support policies in helping to scale up renewable energy storage with sodium ion batteries. |
| Keywords: | energy storage, renewable energy, batteries, energy grid infrastructure, externalities, green technology policies, sustainability, climate change. |
| JEL: | Q00 Q48 Q58 Q40 Q50 Q55 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11803 |
| By: | Liliana Roca Villarroel (INESAD guest researcher) |
| Abstract: | This case study is part of the research project “Creating Indigenous Women's Green Jobs under Low-Carbon COVID-19 Response and Recovery in the Bolivian Quinoa Sector). I estimate the carbon footprint associated with the quinoa production in southern Bolivia based on primary information of 19 plots. Using a cradle-to-gate life cycle analysis approach, under the ISO 14067 standard, and analyzing various emission sources through the Cool Farm Tool, I determine that the carbon footprint generates an average of 741 .7 kg CO2e per plot; and an average of 267.4 kg CO2e per hectare. The main emission sources identified are the use of organic fertilizer (54%), the consumption of fossil fuels (35%) and the use of protection inputs (8%). Considering the declared unit of 1 kg of harvested quinoa, I obtain the carbon footprint results per product, with values ranging between 0.3 and 2.3 kg CO2e/kg of quinoa and an average of 0.98 kg CO2e/ kg of quinoa. |
| Keywords: | climate change, carbon footprint, quinoa crops. |
| JEL: | Q16 Q29 Q54 Y8 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:adv:wpaper:202416 |
| By: | Fries, Steven |
| Abstract: | Decarbonization policies exhibit clear sequencing patterns within sectors and countries as well as across them. This paper explains these sequences using a Solow-Swan growth model with two distinguishing features. One is a variable elasticity of substitution production function with both fossil fuel–based and low carbon inputs. The second is a choice of decarbonization policy: a carbon price or low carbon investment subsidy. Their policy costs have significant macroeconomic impacts. One cost arises from a short-run tradeoff between decarbonizing productive activities and maintaining the level of output. There are also a second-round policy cost associated with the policy choice between a low carbon subsidy or a carbon price that varies with progress in decarbonization. The modeling shows how these policy costs can be managed by the observed policy sequence of a low carbon investment subsidy before a carbon price and initial use of this decarbonization policy in sectors where low carbon inputs are stronger substitutes for the incumbents. These macroeconomic explanations of observed decarbonization policy sequences complements others based on microeconomic considerations of efficiency in imperfect markets, distributional fairness, and economic interests in change. |
| Keywords: | aggregate productivity, climate change, climate policy, energy and growth, sustainable growth, technological change |
| JEL: | O33 O44 Q43 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2023-26 |
| By: | Abajian, Alexander; Carleton, Tamma; Meng, Kyle; Deschênes, Olivier |
| Abstract: | Many behavioral responses to climate change are carbon-intensive, raising concerns that adaptation may cause additional warming. The sign and magnitude of this feedback depend on how increased emissions from cooling balance against reduced emissions from heating across space and time. We present an empirical approach that forecasts the effect of future adaptive energy use on global average temperature over the 21st century. We estimate that energy-based adaptation will lower global mean surface temperature in 2099 by 0.07 to 0.12 °C relative to baseline projections under Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5. This cooling avoids 0.6 to 1.8 trillion U.S. Dollars ($2019) in damages, depending on the baseline emissions scenario. Energy-based adaptation lowers business-as-usual emissions for 85% of countries, reducing the mitigation required to meet their unilateral Nationally Determined Contributions by 20% on average. These findings indicate that while business-as-usual adaptive energy use is unlikely to accelerate warming, it raises important implications for countries existing mitigation commitments. |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:agrebk:qt9642j569 |
| By: | Björn Bos; Moritz A. Drupp; Lutz Sager |
| Abstract: | Low emission zones (LEZ) represent a key environmental policy instrument to address air pollution in cities. LEZs have reduced air pollution and associated health damages in regulated areas, but it remains unclear who has benefited from cleaner air. To examine the distributional effects of LEZs, we combine gridded data on resident characteristics, including income and a proxy for ethnicity, with high-resolution estimates of fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations in Germany, the country with the highest number of LEZs. We estimate heterogeneous treatment effects with a difference-in-differences approach and show that PM2.5 pollution reductions are distributed unequally across society. While residents with German name origins experience larger improvements within LEZs, residents with foreign names disproportionately live in LEZs and thus benefit more when assessed at a nationwide scale. Monetizing air quality benefits following governmental guidance, we find that they are distributed pro-poor within LEZs, disproportionately benefiting lower-income residents. From a nationwide perspective, benefits are distributed almost proportionally although the sign is sensitive to how benefits from cleaner air scale with income. Overall, our results suggest that LEZs have nuanced distributional implications that differ sharply between a national perspective and local assessments that focus on effects within LEZs. |
| Keywords: | air pollution, distributional effects, low emission zones, traffic regulation |
| JEL: | J15 Q52 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11739 |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Indonesia is exposed to both climate change transition risks and physical risks. With primary energy supply heavily dominated by fossil fuels, like many other countries, and as a major exporter of coal and liquefied natural gas, Indonesia is exposed to risks from the transition toward a carbon-neutral economy. Moreover, Indonesia is vulnerable to natural hazards, such as floods, droughts, and wildfires. With global temperatures rising, the frequency and severity of such events is expected to rise as well. |
| Date: | 2025–02–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2025/051 |
| By: | Samuel Rosenow; Alvaro Espitia; Ana Margarida Fernandes |
| Abstract: | Addressing climate change requires green technology deployment. This paper uses firm-level import data in 35 emerging markets to examine how trade policies affect firms’ imports of products associated with solar, wind power, and electric vehicle value chains. Panel estimates show a particularly negative effect of tariffs on green value chain imports compared to average imports, especially in solar and downstream segments. This effect is pervasive from import values and quantities to import probabilities, with undiversified firms most affected. Import regulations have smaller, varied impacts. Emerging markets should avoid protectionist policies, as local firms depend on imports to adopt green technologies. |
| Keywords: | imports, green value chains, trade policy, tariffs, non-tariff measures, firm-level imports, decarbonization value chains, green technology adoption, trade and environment, green technologies |
| JEL: | F13 F14 L11 O19 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11726 |
| By: | Manoj Krishnan Cg (Métis Lab EM Normandie - EM Normandie - École de Management de Normandie = EM Normandie Business School); Arun G (NICHE - Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education) |
| Abstract: | For decades, businesses have struggled with the dichotomy between going green and becoming sustainable. Consumers are frequently seen as the most significant challenge when companies attempt to become more sustainable and greener. Although most consumers claim to be environmentally conscious, their green consumption habits are limited by other life commitments, showing an intention-action gap. There are only a handful of studies have developed an optimal model for predicting green consumer behavior. In this paper, the researcher identified a set of antecedents of Buying Behavior, including Environmental Prosocial Attitude, Green Consumption Value, and Openness to Green Communication, to develop an optimal model for predicting Green Consumer Buying Behavior. The findings demonstrate how widespread environmental prosocial attitudes and beliefs are related to green consumption values. As a result, these green values can have a positive relationship with openness to green advertising and green buying behavior. The research provides new insight into the factors influencing green buying behavior, especially consumer prosocial attitudes. Companies must understand consumers' green values and prosocial attitudes to accept green marketing communications and influence green buying behavior. A developed model is important for companies in creating creative green marketing content for implementing effective green marketing Campaigns to create favorable green consumer behaviors. |
| Keywords: | Environmental prosocial attitudes, Green customer values, Openness to green communication, Buying behavior, Green marketing |
| Date: | 2024–12–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04991813 |
| By: | Akbulut-Yuksel, Mevlude (Dalhousie University); Zhang, Zhuo; Zhou, Weina (affiliation not available) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the causal impacts of reducing solid waste imports on water quality in China, which was the world’s largest importer of waste until recently. We focus on the National Sword policy, introduced at the end of 2017, which abruptly banned the import of plastics, textiles, vanadium slag, and paper, reducing waste imports from 1.25 million tons per month to nearly zero. Using administrative data on waste imports and daily water quality readings from real-time automated monitoring stations across China, we exploit the sudden reduction in imported waste to identify significant improvements in dissolved oxygen levels in prefectures that previously imported the banned waste. These positive effects vary by the type of waste imported and are smaller in prefectures where the main importers are multinational firms. Our results are supported both by the Regression Discontinuity Design and the Difference-in-Differences framework. The magnitude of the effect is strongest immediately after the ban and gradually declines over time. |
| Keywords: | import waste, waste reduction, water pollution |
| JEL: | Q53 Q56 Q58 F18 O13 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17828 |
| By: | Adolphsen, Ole; Könneke, Jule |
| Abstract: | The 29th Climate Change Conference (COP29) in Baku revealed a shift in the balance of power in international climate politics following the US elections. While China played a constructive role in the negotiations on international climate finance, vulnerable countries were forced to make painful compromises. Saudi Arabia managed to systematically block progress on mitigation, while middle powers increasingly criticised the EU's climate protection measures. To obviate the risk of isolation and avoid repercussions for its climate and competition agenda, the new European Commission needs to reorientate its climate diplomacy. |
| Keywords: | COP29, World Climate Conference, USA, China, European Union, EU, New Collective Quantified Goal, NCQG, Baku to Belém Roadmap to 1.3T, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC, Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism, CBAM, Global Gateway, New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:315525 |
| By: | Könneke, Jule |
| Abstract: | The new EU Commission is promising to improve the bloc's geoeconomic resilience, make progress on decarbonisation and increase competitiveness. Achieving these aims will mean working with emerging economies like Brazil - where the EU's influence is waning as China's expands. The EU lacks a long-term strategy and is poorly positioned to engage with a newly assertive Brazil in an increasingly multipolar world. This is increasingly problematic for the EU's strategic agenda. |
| Keywords: | EU Commission, European Green Deal (EGD), EU Regulation on Deforestation-free Products (EUDR), EU's strategic agenda, greenhouse gases, geoeconomic resilience, decarbonisation, competitiveness, green technology, Donald Trump, Clean Industrial Deal, Net Zero Industry Act, Critical Raw Materials Act, Mercosur, Brazil, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), BRICS, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:315524 |
| By: | del Rio-Chanona, R. Maria; Farmer, J. Doyne; Mealy, Penny; de Moura, Fernanda Senra; Barbrook-Johnson, Peter; Berryman, Anna; Bücker, Joris; Hanusch, Marek |
| Abstract: | Structural change is necessary for all countries transitioning to a more environmentally sustainable economy, but what are the likely impacts on workers? Studies often find that green transition scenarios result in net positive job creation numbers overall but rarely provide insights into the more granular dynamics of the labour market. This paper combines a dynamic labour market simulation model with development scenarios focused on agriculture and green manufacturing. We study how, within the context of a green transition, productivity shifts in different sectors and regions, with differing environmental impacts, may affect and be constrained by the labour market in Brazil. By accounting for labour market frictions associated with skill and spatial mismatches, we find that productivity shocks, if not well managed, can exacerbate inequality. Agricultural workers tend to be the most negatively affected as they are less occupationally and geographically mobile. Our results highlight the importance of well-targeted labour market policies to ensure the green transition is just and equitable. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2025-08 |
| By: | Hugo Delcayre (Métis Lab EM Normandie - EM Normandie - École de Management de Normandie = EM Normandie Business School); Sébastien Bourdin (Métis Lab EM Normandie - EM Normandie - École de Management de Normandie = EM Normandie Business School) |
| Abstract: | Renewable energy (RE) projects are vital to achieving sustainable development in the context of the pressing challenges of climate change and the energy transition. However, despite the global consensus on their importance, RE projects often encounter significant resistance at the local level. This article investigates how territorial characteristics influence the social acceptability of RE projects and explores the concept of fertile ground as a framework for understanding the conditions that foster or hinder local support for such projects. Drawing on theories of regional path dependency and leadership agency, we identify the historical, socioeconomic, cultural and governance factors shaping local attitudes towards RE projects. By employing qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews with diverse stakeholders and the analysis of press articles, we develop a nuanced approach that incorporates key territorial dynamics. Our findings reveal the critical role of historical industrial conflicts, political leadership, place attachment and perceptions of fairness in shaping local acceptability. They also highlight the influence of habituation and saturation effects, which shows that the acceptability of RE projects is not static; rather, it evolves over time in response to local conditions and stakeholder engagement. By situating the fertile ground concept within broader frameworks of social acceptability, this study provides actionable insights to policymakers and project developers seeking to align RE initiatives with local contexts and values. |
| Keywords: | Territorial characteristics, Social acceptability, Renewable energy, Fertile ground, Regional path dependency, Agency |
| Date: | 2025–02–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04991562 |
| By: | Oussama Zouabi (LEAD - Laboratoire d'Économie Appliquée au Développement - UTLN - Université de Toulon, UTLN - Université de Toulon); Michel Dimou (LEAD - Laboratoire d'Économie Appliquée au Développement - UTLN - Université de Toulon, UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to examine the relationship between climate shocks and agri-food and overall inflation in Tunisia for the period 1985-2000. Climate shocks represent extreme weather phenomena such as droughts, heat waves, and floods To address this question, the paper uses an extensive Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model that incorporates a Pesaran cointegration test, enabling the exploration of potential asymmetric effects stemming from positive and negative climate shocks on both general and agri-food inflation in the short and the long run. The key findings of the paper indicate that positive temperature shocks exert a significant inflationary impact on all agricultural products, the food industry, and, more broadly, the entire Tunisian economy, both in the short and long term. Conversely, a sudden shortage in rainfall does not significantly affect either agricultural or food prices, nor does it influence the general price index. This result is rather unexpected since long-term rainfall trends significantly affect agricultural production, emphasizing the importance of appropriate agricultural policies such as irrigation. |
| Keywords: | Tunisia, Climate shocks, NARDL model, Climate inflation, Climate change Agriculture climate inflation NARDL Tunisia Q50 Q54 Q10 P24 C15, Climate change, Agriculture, climate inflation, NARDL, Tunisia Q50, Q54, Q10, P24, C15 |
| Date: | 2024–02–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04985855 |
| By: | Ansari, Dawud; Gehrung, Rosa Melissa; Pepe, Jacopo Maria |
| Abstract: | Central Asian economies, particularly Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, are pursuing increasingly ambitious goals for renewable energy. Apart from China - an established player in the market - it has increasingly been Gulf countries that have been implementing respective projects, particularly Saudi Arabia and, to a lesser extent, the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Both China and Gulf countries seem to have found a cooperative approach that is based on sharing the Central Asian market along the value chain. This approach could be a blueprint for future Gulf-China relations, which have become relevant for global politics. Simultaneously, the dynamics also exemplify the growing number of energy and geopolitical dynamics over which Europe has little influence. For the European Union (EU) and Germany, the developments serve as a reminder: While intra-Asian dynamics are gaining importance, Germany and the EU risk being marginalised in matters concerning energy, climate, and geopolitics - and not just in Central Asia. In response, a more consistent Central Asia strategy is required, alongside a constructive and non-ideological approach towards relations with the Arab Gulf States. |
| Keywords: | Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, China, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), EU, Germany, Central Asian market, Gulf-China relations, energy, geopolitical dynamics, ACWA Power Renewable Energy Holding, PowerChina, hydrogen, carbon capture and storage, climate technologies, fossil fuels, green energy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:315531 |
| By: | Markus Dertwinkel-Kalt; Christian Wey |
| Abstract: | To support the green transition in the automotive sector, the EU has introduced CO2 emission performance standards, also known as the excess emissions premium (EEP) regulation, which will tighten until 2035. Manufacturers exceeding their average fleet emission targets must pay a penalty. The regulation also allows pooling of fleets, enabling manufacturers to combine fleets. We analyze how this affects market outcomes. The EEP creates a positive externality of electric on conventional cars. Pooling eases compliance but may weaken competition among existing market players, while simultaneously encouraging the entry of electric-only manufacturers into the EU. |
| Keywords: | green regulation, automotive industry, excess emissions premium |
| JEL: | D04 L11 L50 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11762 |
| By: | Adrien Mutunzi (Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, République Démocratique du Congo, UNIKIS - Université de Kisangani) |
| Abstract: | Abstract This paper addresses the issue of economic growth from a sustainable development perspective. Through appropriate econometric modeling, it relates the different dimensions of sustainable development and their effects on economic growth in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Data estimation using the Ordinary Least Square method is corrected by the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Correction Model"). The results show that, in the long term, the HDI and CO2 emissions have a fairly significant influence on economic growth in the DRC over the study period. If the HDI varies by 1-point, economic growth in the DRC increases by 3.261384%, while an increase in economic growth of 7.8 points leads to an increase in CO2 pollution of 1 point. Any long-term increase in production leads to an increase in CO2 emissions. There is therefore a negative influence between the economic dimension of sustainable development and the environmental dimension. Also, any long-term increase in GDP leads, all other things being equal, to an increase in the HDI, i.e. a positive change in the population's standard of living. This result shows that there is a positive influence between the social dimension of sustainable development and the economic dimension. The Congolese government therefore needs to implement an expansionist structural economic policy with a focus on environmental protection, in order to minimize the negative effects of economic growth in terms of social inequality and increased atmospheric pollution. |
| Abstract: | Résumé Ce papier aborde la question de croissance économique dans une perspective du développement durable. A travers une modélisation économétrique appropriée, il met en relation les différentes dimensions du développement durable et leurs effets sur la croissance économique de la République démocratique du Congo (RDC). L'estimation des données par la méthode de Moindre Carré Ordinaire est corrigée par le Modèle Vectoriel à Correction d'Erreur (VECM, « Vector Error Correction Model »). Les résultats renseignent qu'à long terme l'IDH et l'émission de CO2 ont une influence assez significative sur la croissance économique de la RDC pendant la période sous étude. Si l'IDH varie de 1 point, la croissance économique de la RDC augmente de 3, 261384% alors que l'augmentation de la croissance économique de 7, 8 points entraine une augmentation de la pollution de CO2 de 1 point. Toute augmentation à long terme de la production entraine une augmentation des émissions de CO2. Il y a donc une influence négative entre la dimension économique du développement durable et la dimension environnementale. Aussi, toute augmentation du PIB à long terme entraine toute chose restant égale par ailleurs, l'augmentation de l'IDH soit une modification positive du niveau de vie de la population. De ce résultat, on dégage l'existence d'une influence positive entre la dimension sociale du développement durable et la dimension économique. Ainsi, Le gouvernement congolais devra donc mettre en place une politique économique structurelle expansionniste mettant l'accent sur la protection de l'environnement afin de minimiser les retombées négatives de la croissance économique qui se traduisent par des inégalités sociales et l'accentuation de la pollution de l'atmosphère. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable development, economic growth, CO2 emission, DRC, Développement durable croissance économique émission de CO2 RDC, Développement durable, croissance économique, émission de CO2 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05008080 |
| By: | Schenuit, Felix; Treß, Domenik |
| Abstract: | The role of permanent carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the atmosphere is currently the subject of intensive discussion within the context of developing a new EU emissions reduction target for 2040 and a German long-term strategy on negative emissions. At the same time, a short-term strategy for the coming years is needed to ensure the successful scaling of technologies for what can be called "industrial CDR". So far, the focus has tended to be on a conceptual discussion of the quantities of CDR that are required to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions; as a result, sufficient attention has not been paid to the question of how and on what time horizon the first large-scale CDR projects can come into being. Some countries have already developed short-term instruments aimed at triggering an initial investment drive into industrial CDR. A comparative assessment of these approaches reveals several viable policy options for targeted CDR scaling in both the EU and Germany. |
| Keywords: | carbon dioxide removal (CDR), new EU emissions reduction target for 2040, German long-term strategy on negative emissions, carbon dioxide, EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:315539 |
| By: | Javier Aliaga Lordemann (INESAD Associate Researcher); Alejandro Capriles (Environmental economist); Nayra Antezana (Bachelor in biology) |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes the water footprint profiles of quinoa production in Bolivia, an emblematic crop that faces significant challenges in terms of yield and sustainability. The Total Water Footprint (WH) of quinoa estimated for the Southern Altiplano region of Bolivia is approximately 1, 728 liters per kilogram, with average yields of 1.15 tons per hectare. This result shows a worrying level of inefficiency in the relationship of HH and crop yield, especially in comparison with countries such as Peru and Ecuador. The results show high HH and low yields; therefore, quinoa production in Bolivia in the study area is not optimizing water use. This situation can be explained to a large extent by the low level of organic matter in the soil of the area (verified by soil studies). Thus, a soil with low organic matter content lacks essential nutrients, which impairs quinoa growth and negatively affects its root development due to soil compaction. In addition, the lack of organic matter decreases water retention capacity, which is critical in periods of drought as a result of the increased frequency and intensity of climatic events in the area. Likewise, the lack of organic matter makes plants more vulnerable to pests and diseases, but also reduces microbial biodiversity, which affects key processes such as decomposition and nutrient cycling, compromising soil fertility. In summary, this type of soil is less efficient in water use, which can increase the water footprint of the crop by requiring more frequent irrigation. Based on these conclusions, several recommendations are proposed. First, it is crucial to optimize yield and reduce WH by implementing efficient irrigation systems. This includes training farmers in these technologies. The use of vegetative covers that improve moisture retention is also suggested. In addition, advanced irrigation technologies -such as soil moisture sensors- should be adopted and rainwater harvesting systems should be promoted. Training in integrated water resources management is essential, as well as the development of climate adaptation strategies. |
| Keywords: | WH, life cycle, water productivity, econometric analysis, agricultural sustainability. |
| JEL: | Q57 Q56 Q15 Q25 C21 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:adv:wpaper:202418 |
| By: | Wesley Bonicontro Ambrosio; Bruna Ara\'ujo de Sousa; Jo\~ao Marcos Kanieski; Priscila Marchiorie; Gustavo Mockaitis |
| Abstract: | Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) are pivotal in the global effort to decarbonize the aviation sector and meet greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets established by international frameworks such as CORSIA and Brazil ProBioQAV. This study evaluates SAF potential to reduce lifecycle carbon emissions by up to 80% while being compatible with existing aviation infrastructure. Through bibliometric analysis, scenario evaluation, legal and regulatory framework analysis and economic modeling, the research examines two key SAF production technologies: Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (HEFA-SPK) and Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ) pathways in the Brazilian context. The findings reveal significant economic challenges, particularly high feedstock and production costs, which hinder SAF competitiveness with fossil fuels at recent and current market prices in Brazil, leading to the analysis of potential incentives and commercial conditions aiming to increase economic attractiveness of SAF production. Based on interviews with relevant stakeholders and decision makers in the industry, scenarios incorporating tax incentives, carbon credits, capital grants, and premium pricing for SAF and its biogenic by-products demonstrate that combined policy interventions and commercial arrangements, along with a regulated Carbon Market are essential for SAF economic viability. Future research is suggested to look at regional assessments of feedstock availability, supply chain logistics, and global market eligibility. This research provides insights for guiding public policy and private investment to support the transition to sustainable aviation in Brazil and beyond. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2504.03880 |
| By: | Motta Café, Renata |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the fiscal and extra-fiscal effects of decentralizing the collection of Brazil's rural land tax from the federal level to local governments. Using a difference-in-differences research design, we assess the impact of local tax enforcement on revenue, land use, and environmental outcomes. Decentralization led to sustained revenue gains, increased agricultural production, expanded reported environmental protection areas, and slightly decreased land concentration. Our findings highlight the role of property taxation as a policy instrument for environmental conservation and sustainable development. |
| Keywords: | fiscal decentralization;extra-fiscality;Land use;sustainable develop-ment;rural property tax |
| JEL: | H23 H30 H77 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:14081 |
| By: | Christian Keuschnigg; Giedrius Kazimieras Stalenis |
| Abstract: | We study a small open economy that must implement an emissions reduction plan and eventually phase out fossil fuel. R&D leads to the design of energy saving new machines. Endogenous scrapping eliminates old inefficient machines. We identify two distortions that delay the adoption and diffusion of energy saving technology: scrapping of old equipment and investment in new machines are both too low. The optimal policy to manage the energy transition thus combines a carbon tax with a profit tax to speed up exit, and an investment subsidy to speed up investment in new equipment. The optimal policy increases capital turnover, the diffusion of energy saving technology, and thereby mitigates the costs of the energy transition. Compared to a policy that exclusively relies on carbon taxes, the optimal policy could reduce the GDP loss of moving to net zero from 7.8 to 6.1% of GDP. |
| Keywords: | energy saving innovation, vintage capital, emissions reduction |
| JEL: | D21 D62 H23 O33 Q41 Q43 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11722 |
| By: | Giuseppe Russo; Kristina Gligori\'c; Vincent Moreau; Robert West |
| Abstract: | Reducing meat consumption is crucial for achieving global environmental and nutritional targets. Meat-Free Day (MFD) is a widely adopted strategy to address this challenge by encouraging plant-based diets through the removal of animal-based meals. We assessed the environmental, behavioral, and nutritional impacts of MFD by implementing 67 MFDs over 18 months (once a week on a randomly chosen day) across 12 cafeterias on a large university campus, analyzing over 400, 000 food purchases. MFD reduced on-campus food-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on treated days by 52.9% and contributed to improved fiber (+26.9%) and cholesterol (-4.5%) consumption without altering caloric intake. These nutritional benefits were, however, accompanied by a 27.6% decrease in protein intake and a 34.2% increase in sugar consumption. Moreover, the increase in plant-based meals did not carry over to subsequent days, as evidenced by a 3.5% rebound in animal-based meal consumption on days immediately following treated days. MFD also led to a 16.8% drop in on-campus meal sales on treated days.Monte Carlo simulations suggest that if 8.7% of diners were to eat burgers off-campus on treated days, MFD's GHG savings would be fully negated. As our analysis identifies on-campus customer retention as the main challenge to MFD effectiveness, we recommend combining MFD with customer retention interventions to ensure environmental and nutritional benefits. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2504.02899 |
| By: | Calo, Adam; Kay, Sylvia; Moreau, Eliaz |
| Abstract: | Rethinking the regulation of land markets is central to the agroecological transition in Europe. The EU has bold, evidenced-based policy objectives for food system and environmental transformation. Yet, absent a parallel process for regulating land, these policy objectives will remain watered down or impossible to obtain. The EU has shown commitments to invest in environmental policy experimentation because it knows the future wellbeing of the continent depends on sound land use management. However, there is no parallel movement towards reimagining European land governance. This status quo imperils the EU green agenda and threatens the legitimacy of desperately needed environmental policy. Identifying enticing policy options to inspire new land governance can help fulfil existing EU sustainability commitments and open meaningful pathways to scale agroecology. This research first uses existing evidence from the literature to show how current European land markets—governed by the main freedoms of the EU treaties—weakens the capacity to achieve generational renewal, the vitality of rural areas, and land based biodiversity maintenance. Then we reveal existing and potential opportunities for European land market regulation. Through this analysis we argue that agricultural land is a blind spot in European policies for the transition to agroecology, and thus reframe land regulation as an enabling tool to install young and new farmers, facilitate biodiverse landscapes, and build durable rural economies. Measures like transparency in land markets, public acquisition of agricultural land, establishing a first right of refusal, and taxation to facilitate access to land may unlock land for a new generation of agroecological farmers. Exploration of these policy cases calls for an imaginative expansion of public action on land markets to tackle food system challenges, and is aimed directly at policy makers. |
| Date: | 2025–04–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ajh4v_v1 |
| By: | Ploeg Matthias; Miedzinski Michal (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) play a key role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the Directorate General for International Partnerships (DG INTPA) of the European Commission joined forces launching the project on STI for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Roadmaps in Africa. The report lays the foundation for STI for SDGs roadmap in Namibia with the focus on the challenge to mobilise research and innovation to increase resilience of rural communities to climate change, considering the localised challenges of the water-food-energy nexus and the role of indigenous knowledge. The report identifies areas for further investment in STI and proposes policy and governance mechanisms to increase impact of innovation in the challenge area. This report is based on stakeholder workshop and interviews and the desk study. The work has been undertaken in collaboration between JRC and the Ministry of Higher Education, Technology and Innovation (MHETI) and the National Commission on Research, Science and Technology (NCRST) of Namibia. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc140421 |
| By: | Philipp Ludwig |
| Abstract: | The international shipping sector is a vital part of the global trading system but also a large emitter of carbon dioxide emissions. In the absence of a multilateral carbon policy for the shipping sector, different countries are starting to impose unilateral measures to decarbonize maritime trade. This paper investigates the impact of unilateral policy on global carbon emissions and welfare by introducing heterogeneous transport technology to a quantitative model of trade. The framework emphasizes the role of transport providers which allocate clean and dirty vessels to shipping routes and thereby determine trade flows, transport costs and emissions in the entire network. Unilateral policy interferes with the allocation process by altering the cost of transport or restricting port access to specific vessel types. Using unique data on ship-level fuel consumption and network traffic, I study the impact of upcoming unilateral policy in the EU. I find that carbon taxes can achieve sizeable emission savings as long as the supply of transport services is sufficiently elastic. Emission savings, however, are not large enough to compensate for lower levels of trade, resulting in an aggregate loss of welfare. |
| Keywords: | carbon emissions, container shipping, transport network, unilateral policy |
| JEL: | F18 R12 R13 R41 H23 Q52 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11712 |
| By: | Jorge Stürmer (UFSC - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis]); Maurício Serva (UFSC - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis]) |
| Abstract: | ABSTRACT Objective: the main objectives of this work are to contribute to reducing the gap in studies on the management of protected areas in the field of administration, and to understand how environmental governance is performed in action. Theoretical approach: the theoretical basis was composed of approaches to environmental governance, pragmatist-inspired sociologies, and pragmatist analysis of organizations. Methods: the research strategy adopted the general premises of ethnography in organizational studies, with daily in situ monitoring of the situations experienced by the actors in the organizations and their interactions with the other actors in their environment. In-depth interviews, bibliographical research, and document analysis were also carried out. Results: the results of the research primarily indicate that the environmental governance that emerged from the action in the two protected areas is a process characterized by conflicts, controversies, and contradictions. Conclusion: environmental governance can be characterized as processes of creating shared governance and management mechanisms, establishing institutional arrangements and partnerships, building territorial assets, and monitoring actions. What stands out in all these processes is the cross-cutting nature of managing conflicts, controversies, and confronting contradictions. |
| Abstract: | Objetivos: os objetivos principais deste trabalho são contribuir para reduzir a lacuna de estudos sobre a gestão de Unidades de Conservação (UCs) na área da administração e compreender como é performada a governança ambiental na ação. Marco teórico: a base teórica foi composta pelas abordagens da governança ambiental, das sociologias de inspiração pragmatista e da análise pragmatista de organizações. Métodos: a estratégia de pesquisa adotou as premissas gerais da etnografia em estudos organizacionais, com o acompanhamento cotidiano in situ das situações vivenciadas pelos atores das organizações e de suas interações com os demais atores de seu ambiente. Também foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade, pesquisas bibliográficas e análise de documentos. Resultados: os resultados da pesquisa indicam prioritariamente que a governança ambiental que emergiu da ação nas duas UCs é um processo caracterizado por conflitos, controvérsias e contradições. Conclusão: a governança ambiental pode ser caracterizada como processos de criação de dispositivos de governança e gestão compartilhada, de estabelecimento de arranjos institucionais e parcerias, de construção de ativos territoriais, e de ações de fiscalização. Destaca-se em todos esses processos a transversalidade da gestão de conflitos, de controvérsias, e enfrentamento de contradições. |
| Keywords: | governança ambiental unidades de conservação estudos organizacionais pragmatismo environmental governance protected areas organization studies pragmatism, governança ambiental, unidades de conservação, estudos organizacionais, pragmatismo environmental governance, protected areas, organization studies, pragmatism |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05007763 |
| By: | Zakaria El Hathat (UIR - Université Internationale de Rabat); V.G. Venkatesh (Métis Lab EM Normandie - EM Normandie - École de Management de Normandie = EM Normandie Business School); V. Raja Sreedharan (Cardiff Metropolitan University); Tarik Zouadi (UIR - Université Internationale de Rabat); Yangyan Shi (Macquarie University [Sydney], CUEB - Capital University of Economics and Business); Manimuthu Arunmozhi (Aston Business School - Aston University [Birmingham]) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the complex dynamics of stakeholder engagement on social media platforms within the context of carbon reduction engineering. To shed light on this underexplored phenomenon, we gather a unique dataset of 6, 940 Facebook-verified page posts, and we employ advanced data mining techniques to analyze the factors influencing stakeholder engagement. The findings demonstrate the significant impact of post characteristics on stakeholder engagement rates. Factors such as post length, hashtags, vividness level, hyperlinks, and the inclusion of call-to-action (CTA) play essential roles in shaping engagement patterns. Specifically, we find that shorter posts without hashtags tend to have lower engagement, while posts with moderate character counts, low vividness, and no hyperlinks often generate higher engagement. Additionally, our topic modeling analysis identifies critical themes discussed in carbon reduction engineering, including collaborative efforts among stakeholders, the role of academic institutions, renewable energy adoption, AI technology, and climate change mitigation. This, in turn, highlights the diverse perspectives and concerns of stakeholders actively engaged in these discussions. Our results significantly expand the literature on stakeholder theory, social interaction management, and the application of data mining techniques in analyzing social media engagement. |
| Keywords: | Carbon reduction engineering, Stakeholder engagement, Social interaction management, CHAID decision tree, Topic modeling, Social media, Facebook |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04992181 |
| By: | Mr. Christian Bogmans; Patricia Gomez-Gonzalez; Ganchimeg Ganpurev; Mr. Giovanni Melina; Mr. Andrea Pescatori; Sneha D Thube |
| Abstract: | The development and deployment of large language models like ChatGPT across the world requires expanding data centers that consume vast amounts of electricity. Using descriptive statistics and a multi-country computable general equilibrium model (IMF-ENV), we examine how AI-driven data center growth affects electricity consumption, electricity prices, and carbon emissions. Our analysis of national accounts reveals AI-producing sectors in the U.S. have grown nearly triple the rate of the private non-farm business sector, with firm-level evidence showing electricity costs for vertically integrated AI companies nearly doubled between 2019-2023. Simulating AI scenarios in the IMF-ENV model based on projected data center power consumption up to 2030, we find the AI boom will cause manageable but varying increases in energy prices and emissions depending on policies and infrastructure constraints. Under scenarios with constrained growth in renewable energy capacity and limited expansion of transmission infrastructure, U.S. electricity prices could increase by 8.6%, while U.S. and global carbon emissions would rise by 5.5% and 1.2% respectively under current policies. Our findings highlight the importance of aligning energy policies with AI development to support this technological revolution, while mitigating environmental impacts. |
| Keywords: | generative AI; data centers; energy and the macroeconomy; climate change and growth; CGE models |
| Date: | 2025–04–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/081 |
| By: | Javier Aliaga Lordemann (INESAD Associate Researcher); Adriana Beatriz Caballero Caballero (INESAD Junior Researcher) |
| Abstract: | Crop models are a key tool for developing adaptation strategies in the agriculture sector. With their evolution over time, they have gradually incorporated new approaches and tools. This document develops a non-linear model for simulating the performance of crops with an innovative approach that includes non-linear functions, thus allowing a more realistic representation of agricultural systems. Focusing on quinoa, we use experimental and field data of zones of the Bolivian Altiplano (high plateau) to evaluate different production outcomes under various climatic and agricultural management scenarios that include multiple agro-climatic stressors. The study reveals that the varieties of quinoa adapted to the local conditions of the study areas have better performance than conventional varieties. This underscores the importance of having material that is genetically adapted for facing the impacts of climate change. Additionally, the results show that the NL-CROP model has a satisfactory ability to both reproduce and predict observed quinoa patterns, considering water and thermal stress impacts. This makes the model a key tool for assessing the impact of climate change and also for anticipating the challenges and opportunities that will arise for quinoa in the future, providing valuable assistance in agricultural planning. |
| Keywords: | quinoa, crop yield, climate stressors, crop model, climate change, agricultural management. |
| JEL: | Q01 Q10 Q54 O13 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:adv:wpaper:202417 |
| By: | Adolphsen, Ole; Könneke, Jule; Schenuit, Felix |
| Abstract: | With the Green Deal, the European Union (EU) has not only significantly increased the ambition of its climate policy in recent years, but it has also added an international dimension to European domestic climate policy. In fact, numerous recently adopted legal acts directly or indirectly affect international partners. Nevertheless, the internal and external dimensions of climate policy are not systematically interlinked in the new European Commission, and there is little strategic diplomatic support for the measures. In view of the increased importance of competitiveness and geopolitical constellations, there is an opportunity for a new strategy process. This could help EU institutions and member states coordinate the external dimension and achieve a meaningful advancement of European climate policy. |
| Keywords: | Green Deal, European climate policy, European Union (EU), European Commission, US President Donald Trump, competitiveness, geopolitical constellations, EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, Russia's invasion of Ukraine, European Parliament, Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), Net Zero Industry Act (NZIA), Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:315529 |
| By: | Sourish Das; Sudeep Shukla; Abbinav Sankar Kailasam; Anish Rai; Anirban Chakraborti |
| Abstract: | Agricultural price volatility challenges sustainable finance, planning, and policy, driven by market dynamics and meteorological factors such as temperature and precipitation. In India, the Minimum Support Price (MSP) system acts as implicit crop insurance, shielding farmers from price drops without premium payments. We analyze the impact of climate on price volatility for soybean (Madhya Pradesh), rice (Assam), and cotton (Gujarat). Using ERA5-Land reanalysis data from the Copernicus Climate Change Service, we analyze historical climate patterns and evaluate two scenarios: SSP2.4.5 (moderate case) and SSP5.8.5 (severe case). Our findings show that weather conditions strongly influence price fluctuations and that integrating meteorological data into volatility models enhances risk-hedging. Using the Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (EGARCH) model, we estimate conditional price volatility and identify cross-correlations between weather and price volatility movements. Recognizing MSP's equivalence to a European put option, we apply the Black-Scholes model to estimate its implicit premium, quantifying its fiscal cost. We propose this novel market-based risk-hedging mechanism wherein the government purchases insurance equivalent to MSP, leveraging Black-Scholes for accurate premium estimation. Our results underscore the importance of meteorological data in agricultural risk modeling, supporting targeted insurance and strengthening resilience in agricultural finance. This climate-informed financial framework enhances risk-sharing, stabilizes prices, and informs sustainable agricultural policy under growing climate uncertainty. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2503.24324 |
| By: | Beaufils, Timothé; Jakob, Michael; Kalkuhl, Matthias; Richter, Philipp M.; Spiro, Daniel; Stern, Lennart; Wanner, Joschka |
| Abstract: | • Durch die Verringerung der Abhängigkeit von fossilen Energieträgern kann die EU-Klimapolitik die Finanzkraft Russlands deutlich verringern und damit dessen militärische Fähigkeiten zur Fortführung der Aggression gegen die Ukraine und darüber hinaus einschränken. • Wir liefern Schätzungen für die Sicherheitsdividende der EU-Klimapolitik. • Eine Reduzierung des Ölverbrauchs in der EU um einen Euro führt zu einer sicherheitspolitischen Dividende von 37 Cent (zentrale Schätzung). • Allein auf der Grundlage der Sicherheitsdividende ist ein signifikanter CO2-Preis (zentrale Schätzung von 60 Euro pro Tonne CO2) auf den Ölverbrauch gerechtfertigt - zusätzlich zu den Vorteilen für Klima, Terms of Trade und lokale Gesundheit. • Eine ehrgeizige EU-Klimapolitik, die die Nachfrage nach Erdöl und Erdgas reduziert, sollte als wichtiger Pfeiler der europäischen Sicherheitsarchitektur gesehen werden, der Militärausgaben, diplomatische Bemühungen und die weitere Unterstützung der Ukraine ergänzt. |
| Abstract: | • By reducing reliance on fossil fuels, EU climate policy substantially lowers Russia's financial strength, thereby limiting its military capabilities to sustain its aggression on Ukraine and beyond. • We provide estimates for the security dividend of EU climate policy. • A one-euro reduction in oil consumption in the EU results in a security dividend of 37 cents (central estimate). • Based on the security dividend alone, a significant carbon price (central estimate of 60 euros per ton of CO2) on oil consumption is justified - in addition to its climate, terms-of-trade, and local health benefits. • Ambitious EU climate policy that reduces demand for oil and natural gas should be seen as an important pillar of the European security architecture, complementing military spending, diplomatic efforts, and continued support to Ukraine. |
| Keywords: | EU-Klimapolitik, Sicherheitsdividende, Russland, Ukraine, Verteidigungsausgaben, Geopolitische Externalität, EU climate policy, Security dividend, Russia, Ukraine, Defense spending, Geopolitical externality |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkpb:315746 |
| By: | Beaufils, Timothé; Jakob, Michael; Kalkuhl, Matthias; Richter, Philipp M.; Spiro, Daniel; Stern, Lennart; Wanner, Joschka |
| Abstract: | • By reducing reliance on fossil fuels, EU climate policy substantially lowers Russia's financial strength, thereby limiting its military capabilities to sustain its aggression on Ukraine and beyond. • We provide estimates for the security dividend of EU climate policy. • A one-euro reduction in oil consumption in the EU results in a security dividend of 37 cents (central estimate). • Based on the security dividend alone, a significant carbon price (central estimate of 60 euros per ton of CO2) on oil consumption is justified - in addition to its climate, terms-of-trade, and local health benefits. • Ambitious EU climate policy that reduces demand for oil and natural gas should be seen as an important pillar of the European security architecture, complementing military spending, diplomatic efforts, and continued support to Ukraine. |
| Abstract: | • Durch die Verringerung der Abhängigkeit von fossilen Energieträgern kann die EU-Klimapolitik die Finanzkraft Russlands deutlich verringern und damit dessen militärische Fähigkeiten zur Fortführung der Aggression gegen die Ukraine und darüber hinaus einschränken. • Wir liefern Schätzungen für die Sicherheitsdividende der EU-Klimapolitik. • Eine Reduzierung des Ölverbrauchs in der EU um einen Euro führt zu einer sicherheitspolitischen Dividende von 37 Cent (zentrale Schätzung). • Allein auf der Grundlage der Sicherheitsdividende ist ein signifikanter CO2-Preis (zentrale Schätzung von 60 Euro pro Tonne CO2) auf den Ölverbrauch gerechtfertigt - zusätzlich zu den Vorteilen für Klima, Terms of Trade und lokale Gesundheit. • Eine ehrgeizige EU-Klimapolitik, die die Nachfrage nach Erdöl und Erdgas reduziert, sollte als wichtiger Pfeiler der europäischen Sicherheitsarchitektur gesehen werden, der Militärausgaben, diplomatische Bemühungen und die weitere Unterstützung der Ukraine ergänzt. |
| Keywords: | EU climate policy, Security dividend, Russia, Ukraine, Defense spending, Geopolitical externality, EU-Klimapolitik, Sicherheitsdividende, Russland, Ukraine, Verteidigungsausgaben, Geopolitische Externalität |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkpb:315745 |
| By: | Korte, Kristina; Landmesser, Emma |
| Abstract: | As climate change progresses, the number of people who are being forced to leave their homes and cross borders due to environmental change is increasing. At the same time, they lack safe, orderly and regular migration pathways. Regional free movement can expand the leeway for those who are particularly affected by climate change. The African regional organisations ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) and IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority on Development) have both concluded agreements that could guarantee such free movement of persons. Their examples show the potential, but also the hurdles in implementing such regulations. In order to take advantage of these agreements in terms of climate mobility, German and European development and migration policy should do more to implement regional free movement. Furthermore, it is important to support the anchoring of climate aspects in the agreements. Cooperation between the European Union (EU) and individual African states should be questioned if it threatens to hinder the free movement of people in Africa through migration management and border security. |
| Keywords: | environmental change, climate change, loss and damagea, climate mobility, migration, free movement of persons, Africa, Economic Community of West African States, ECOWAS, Intergovernmental Authority on Development, IGAD, Global Compact on Migration, Nansen Initiative, Kampala Declaration, EU's external migration policy |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:315533 |
| By: | Burtraw, Dallas (Resources for the Future, Washington, DC, USA); Holt, Charles (University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA); Löfgren, Åsa (Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University); Shobe, William (University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA) |
| Abstract: | Many climate solutions including carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies require investments in capital intensive technologies that require large capacity investments and exhibit modest unit costs. Governments seeking to achieve net zero goals may invest directly in CDR to procure negative emissions credits to offset emissions in hard-to-abate sectors such as agriculture. In a procurement auction for a declining cost industry, the optimal allocation will generally require all winning bidders operating at full capacity. Because of the lumpy nature of investments, this may not fit within the government’s budget, leaving one or more winning bidders at the margin, operating at less than full capacity, and consequently with higher average costs. Protection can be provided to the marginal bidder by letting bids specify a range of acceptable quantities up to full capacity. The auction can be executed with sealed bids (specifying prices with associated minimum quantities) or by having the proposed bid price be lowered sequentially in a “clock auction” with quantity intervals specified by bidders at the current clock price. We consider the performance of sealed bid and clock auctions, in the presence of 1) a fixed government procurement budget, 2) “common value” uncertainty about the true per-unit production cost, and 3) the presence of a large, fixed cost. Laboratory experiment simulations with financially motivated human subjects are valuable for testing and developing auction designs that have never been used before, without relying on theoretical properties that depend on strong assumptions of perfect cost information and “truthful bidding.” Preliminary experiment results indicate that winner’s curse effects (bidder losses) are infrequent in both auction formats (clock and sealed bid), but the clock tends to restrict bidder profits in a manner that reduces the average cost for the buyer of the “units” representing CDR. Our experiments are informed by the projected use of auctions by the government of Sweden to procure carbon capture and sequestration from its domestic wood products and energy industry. |
| Keywords: | Carbon dioxide removal (CDR); Procurement auctions; Common value uncertainty; Capital-intensive technologies |
| JEL: | C92 D44 H57 Q54 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–04–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:gunwpe:0854 |
| By: | Li, Ruoxuan |
| Abstract: | This review investigates Singapore’s emergence as a carbon credit trading hub and its evolving role in shaping Southeast Asia’s climate finance architecture. Drawing on a narrative-integrative methodology, the paper synthesizes grey literature, government policy, institutional reports, and verified academic sources to critically assess how Singapore constructs and governs its carbon market platform. The analysis is structured around three interrelated questions: (1) how Singapore builds its institutional and financial infrastructure to mediate carbon flows; (2) how public and private actors coordinate to establish authority and credibility within a hybrid governance model; and (3) how the platform-based architecture produces both opportunities and asymmetries across the ASEAN region. Conceptually, the paper engages with theories of platform capitalism, soft market regulation, and green financial intermediation to interpret Singapore’s infrastructural strategy. The findings suggest that Singapore’s market-oriented approach—anchored by mechanisms such as Climate Impact X, Article 6 bilateral agreements, and green financial instruments—functions not only as a facilitator of decarbonization but also as a gatekeeper of regional participation. While this model enables cross-border interoperability and enhances access to global climate finance, it also introduces risks of institutional dependency and normative concentration. The paper concludes by identifying gaps in current scholarship and proposing a future research agenda focused on comparative carbon governance, platform power, and the political economy of Article 6 implementation in Asia. |
| Date: | 2025–04–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:2j5nd_v1 |
| By: | Alona Zharova; Felix Creutzig |
| Abstract: | Intermittent renewable energies are increasingly dominating electricity grids and are forecasted to be the main force driving out fossil fuels from the grid in most major economies until 2040. However, grids based on intermittent renewables are challenged by diurnal and seasonal mismatch between supply of sun and wind and demand for electricity, including for heat pumps and electric two and four wheelers. Load management and demand response measures promise to adjust for this mismatch, utilizing information- and price-based approaches to steer demand towards times with high supply of intermittent renewables. Here, we systematically review the literature estimating CO$_2$ savings from residential load management in developing and developed nations. We find that load management holds high potential, locally differentiated with energy mix (including the respective share of renewables and fossils), climate zone, and the regulatory environment and price mechanism. Most identified studies suggest a mitigation potential between 1 and 20%. Load management becomes more relevant with higher shares of intermittent renewables, and when electricity prices are high. Importantly, load management aligns consumers' financial incentives with climate change mitigation, thus rendering accompanying strategies politically feasible. We summarize key regulatory steps to facilitate load management in economies and to realize relevant consumer surplus and mitigation potential. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2504.02811 |
| By: | Robert Metcalfe; Sefi Roth |
| Abstract: | Exposure to ambient air pollution has been shown to be detrimental to human health and productivity, and has motivated many policies to reduce such pollution. However, given that humans spend 90% of their time indoors, it is important to understand the degree of exposure to Indoor Air Pollution (IAP), and, if high, ways to reduce it. We design and implement a field experiment in London that monitors households' IAP and then randomly reveals their IAP in real-time. At baseline, we find that IAP is worse than ambient air pollution when residents are at home and that for 38% of the time, IAP is above World Health Organization standards. Additionally, we observe a large household income-IAP gradient, larger than the income-ambient pollution gradient, highlighting large income disparities in IAP exposure. During our field experiment, we find that the randomized revelation reduces IAP by 17% (1.9 ug/m3) overall and 34% (5 ug/m3) during occupancy time. We show that the mechanism is households using more natural ventilation as a result of the feedback (i.e., opening up doors and windows). Finally, in terms of welfare, we find that: (i) households have a willingness to pay of 4.8 pounds (6 dollars) for every 1 ug/m3 reduction in indoor PM2.5; (ii) households have a higher willingness to pay for mitigation than for full information; (iii) households have a price elasticity of IAP monitor demand around -0.75; and (iv) a 1 pound subsidy for an IAP monitor or an air purifier has an infinite marginal value of public funds, i.e., a Pareto improvement. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:feb:framed:00819 |
| By: | Ives, Matthew; Beinhocker, Eric; Gasparini, Matteo; Fry, Sophie; Carr, Ben |
| Abstract: | The discussions around the role of the financial system in fostering the green transition have been steadily growing. Companies are increasingly required to quantify and disclose climate risks. However, the influential role of existing accounting and financial reporting requirements, and broader financial regulation, are not commonly considered to be a significant driver in the transition. Analyzing data and classifications from the European Banking Authority, we test whether existing frameworks might inadvertently be disincentivizing divestments from brown assets. We find that a significant bias exists – differences in the provision coverage ratio (PCR) reveal banks have to account for nearly double loan loss provisions for lending to non-brown sectors as to brown. We argue that this bias could be present in other model-based regulations, such as capital requirements and possibly impact the ability of banks to fund green investments. Finally, we discuss the possible underlying drivers of this effect and some avenues for further research. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2023-11 |
| By: | Yi-Chun Ko; Shinsuke Uchida; Akira Hibiki |
| Abstract: | This study explores farmer’s adaptation mechanisms to climate change. We explore how farmer’s age and engagement in community activities affect crop production under extreme temperatures. By using the municipality-level data on Japanese rice production in 2001–2018, we find a nonlinear (inverted U-shaped) age effect on the relationship between temperatures and rice yields. Farmers aged 60 exhibit the most capable of mitigating yield losses from extreme temperatures, while farmers above and below this age threshold suffer significant yield declines. Such declines can be averted by reinforcing networks and relationships among farm community members through active engagement in the community. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:toh:tupdaa:67 |
| By: | Sebastian G. Kessing |
| Keywords: | global public goods, market power, climate policy, global warming, terms-of-trade, China, Inflation Reduction Act, Net-Zero Industry Act |
| JEL: | H41 D60 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sie:siegen:198-25 |
| By: | Addis Gedefaw Birhanu (EM - EMLyon Business School) |
| Abstract: | Emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) are vital in achieving the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in developing economies that often lack alternative investment avenues. By leveraging an abundant workforce that is largely unskilled and low-skilled, EMNEs not only provide substantial employment opportunities but also contribute to the eradication of poverty (SDG 1). EMNEs' ambitions to expand into adjacent markets offer SMEs valuable opportunities to integrate into regional and global value chains. This in turn spurs economic growth (SDG 8) and reduces inequalities (SDG 10). The access of EMNEs to leapfrogging and relatable technologies mitigates infrastructural bottlenecks and cultivates innovation (SDG 9) in these economies. For EMNEs to successfully deliver on these goals, key stakeholders, especially NGOs and governments, must take an active role in persuading, enabling, and incentivizing these enterprises. |
| Keywords: | MNEs, ESG, Sustainable Development Goals, EMNEs, corporate social responsibility, sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–03–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05004150 |
| By: | Carmen L Avila-Yiptong; Mahamoud Islam; Ayah Said; Chima Simpson-Bell |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to investigate the determinants of sovereign spreads for a panel of 79 emerging markets and development economies (EMDEs) over the period 2001-2021, with a particular focus on the role of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors. Using panel fixed-effect regressions, our results show that improvements in ESG factors tend to reduce sovereign spreads, alongside domestic variables capturing growth, fiscal and external balances, and global factors such as U.S. interest rates and changes in global risk sentiment. In particular, we find that governance is a key factor in explaining movements in sovereign spreads, including perceptions of government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and the control of corruption. Social and environmental aspects, proxied by population purchasing power and greenhouse gas emissions, respectively, also play significant roles. Our contribution to the literature is threefold: first, we confirm the results of previous papers on the relevance of ESG in explaining emerging market spread movements; second, we delve deeper by unpacking the elements that matter most within ESG factors; and third, we construct an aggregate ESG indicator using principal components analysis to summarize its overall impact. |
| Keywords: | Sovereign spreads; emerging markets; ESG |
| Date: | 2025–04–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/073 |
| By: | Mekkewi, Ahmed |
| Abstract: | Globally, water is necessary for life, the environment, and development. Yet, most African countries still experience water challenges due to infrastructure deficits, financial constraints, regulatory and policy issues, environmental and climatic factors, and technological limitations. This problem will continue to increase drastically due to economic activities in the industrial and agricultural sectors unless appropriate policies are implemented. Public-private partnerships (PPP), investment and financing models, technological innovation and adoption, capacity building and skills development, and community engagement and stakeholder collaboration are the strategies and opportunities suitable for business development in the African water sector. The government, international organizations, and private sectors have a vital role in facilitating growth and development in the water sector. The government should retain its operations by creating a suitable environment and regulations with empowerment and decentralization, providing a radical shift from top-down to centralized implementation and administration. The international organization provides the financial resources, technical guidance, and capacity building to ensure sustainable management practices in utilizing water resources and the development of infrastructure. At the same time, the private sector has a role in rendering management at the slightest level and establishing institutional arrangements allowing full participation of stakeholders. |
| Keywords: | African countries, water sector, public-private partnerships, investment, financing models, technological, innovation, adoption, government, policies, infrastructure, business development |
| JEL: | F20 F21 F23 F35 O19 |
| Date: | 2023–08–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124563 |
| By: | Gino Sturla; Benedetto Rocchi; Oscar Melo |
| Abstract: | Chile exhibits significant heterogeneity in both water availability and economic structure throughout its territory. Water-intensive industries that generate high value added are concentrated mainly in areas with low water availability. In this context, estimating virtual water flows within the Chilean economy becomes essential, yet this has not been previously addressed in the literature. This study propose a methodology to estimate virtual water flows between Chilean regions using an environmentally extended multiregional input-output model, identifying the pollution, value added, and scarcity embedded in these flows. Furthermore, by incorporating regional water supply and applying the hydroeconomic equilibrium framework with methodological innovations, this study characterizes the opportunity costs (in terms of value added) of water overexploitation in regions with scarcity. The main results indicate that the central region of the country is the primary destination of virtual water flows and the pollution embedded in them (water footprint). However, when considering scarcity into the water footprint, the central-northern and northern regions gain significant importance. When considering the value added transported in these flows, the Antofagasta north region emerges as a key area, given its importance as both a producer and consumer of value added generated with water. Regarding hydroeconomic equilibrium, the findings reveal high unitary costs associated with water overexploitation in the Antofagasta and Metropolitan regions. The constructed model has also been applied to estimate the contribution of aquifers and reservoirs to regional value added. This opens an important research avenue for employing input-output models in the valuation of ecosystem services. The study provides valuable insights for the spatial targeting of policies and the design of public interventions aimed at mitigating water scarcity without imposing significant economic costs at the national level. |
| Keywords: | Input-output, extended water demand, feasible water supply, extended water exploitation index, Chile |
| JEL: | C67 Q25 Q50 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:frz:wpaper:wp2025_09.rdf |
| By: | Hochmuth, Philipp (Oesterreichische Nationalbank); Krusell, Per (Stockholm University); Mitman, Kurt (Stockholm University) |
| Abstract: | The EU has embarked on an ambitious path toward climate neutrality. How difficult will this transition be for the population as a whole and different subsets of consumers? This paper investigates this question using a dynamic general equilibrium model that captures a key feature of energy consumption: the relative energy content in one's consumption basket falls significantly as a function of one's relative income. Thus, poorer consumers are expected to be hit harder by the higher energy prices that we anticipate over the next few decades. In the model, energy---a complementary input to capital and labor---can be produced either using fossil fuel or a "green'' technology. We represent the EU policy in terms of a tax on fossil fuel and show that the European Commission's Fit-for-55 package implies a 168% tax on the fossil-based technology. The output losses from this tax are substantial, and GDP is 9.3% lower in the new steady state. The burden falls primarily on the poor agent who is 50% more worse off than the rich agent. The output losses can be compensated for if the economy achieves a 1.49% annual increase in energy efficiency as outlined in the Fit-for-55 package. |
| Keywords: | inequality, green transition, Fit-for-55 |
| JEL: | E61 Q43 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17861 |
| By: | Daryl Fairweather; Matthew Kahn; Robert Metcalfe; Sebastian Sandoval-Olascoaga |
| Abstract: | Climate change presents new risks for property in the United States. Due to the high cost and sometimes unavailability of location-specific property risk data, home buyers can greatly benefit from acquiring knowledge about these risks. To explore this, a large-scale nationwide natural field experiment was conducted through Redfin to estimate the causal impact of providing home-specific flood risk information on the behavior of home buyers in terms of their search, bidding, and purchasing decisions. Redfin randomly assigned 17.5 million users to receive information detailing the flood risk associated with the properties they searched for on the platform. Our analysis reveals several key findings: (1) the flood risk information influences every stage of the house buying process, including the initial search, bidding activities, and final purchase; (2) individuals are willing to make trade-offs concerning property amenities in order to own a property with a lower flood risk; (3) the impact of the flood risk information on behavior is more pronounced for users conducting searches in high flood risk areas, but does not differ significantly between buyers in Republican and Democrat Counties; and (4) the information resulted in changes to property prices and altered the market's hedonic equilibrium, providing a new finding that climate adaptation can be forward-thinking and proactive. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:feb:natura:00818 |
| By: | J. Dunsmore; L. M. Arthur; R. S. Kemp |
| Abstract: | We estimate the variability of solar and wind energy generation potential in Europe over a 43 year period between 1980-2022 with the MERRA-2 reanalysis datasets. We compare the estimated supply potential to hourly demand data from 36 European countries to calculate the reliability of a highly renewable electricity grid in Europe. We find that in cost-optimised scenarios with onshore wind, solar and storage, but no natural gas, reliably meeting the last 1% of demand represents 36% of the entire system cost. Including small amounts of dispatchable natural gas drastically reduces the cost of a renewable, highly reliable grid: overall system costs fall by 31% when just 1% of total generation is permitted to come from natural gas. Large renewable overbuild factors (greater than $\times$4 peak demand) are required to meet modern grid reliability standards in all scenarios, and wind, rather than solar, dominates the generation mix. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2503.23604 |
| By: | Ohyun Kwon (LeBow College of Business, Drexel University); Hao Zhao (School of Ecology and Environment, Renmin University of China); Min Qiang Zhao (MOE Key Laboratory of Econometrics, Xiamen University) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the reallocation effects of emissions cap-and-trade policy, leveraging China’s phased implementation of chemical oxygen demand (COD) regulations as a quasi-experiment. Our theoretical model posits that a pro rata emissions cap is more stringent for more productive firms, resulting in negative reallocation, whereas emissions trading restores efficiency through positive reallocation by reallocating emissions towards more productive firms. Utilizing the spatial and temporal variation in policy implementation, our empirical findings demonstrate that emission intensities of more productive firms, relative to less productive counterparts, declined after adopting the cap policy but subsequently increased with the introduction of cap-and-trade, aligning with our theoretical predictions. We also find that firms operating under a cap-and-trade regime, on average, experienced faster output growth compared to those operating under a cap-only regime, highlighting the role of emissions trading in enhancing production efficiency, even within imperfect markets. |
| Keywords: | emissions cap-and-trade; heterogeneous firms; imperfect competition; reallocative efficiency |
| JEL: | L51 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drx:wpaper:202514 |
| By: | Bulut, Hamid; Samuel, Robin |
| Abstract: | An increasing number of countries are considering implementing domestic carbon taxes to achieve the carbon-reduction targets set in the Paris Agreement. However, introducing such taxes presents significant challenges for policymakers worldwide. Despite their effectiveness, carbon taxes remain the least popular policy instrument. Furthermore, few studies focus on public support for carbon taxation in low- and middle-income countries, a crucial area of research given the global significance of their emissions. Therefore, we conducted a pre-registered full factorial survey experiment involving more than 13, 000 evaluations of policy designs in China, Germany, India, and the UK to address the most prevalent barriers to the popularity of carbon taxes, as discussed in academic research, policy analysis, and public discourse: perceived effectiveness, average household costs, the types of revenue recycling schemes implemented, and the extent of international cooperation. Our findings revealed striking differences in how the countries responded to carbon tax policies. The key findings included the following: cost transparency unexpectedly reduced support, whereas communicating the effectiveness of the policy increased it; preferences for revenue recycling schemes varied significantly across the four countries, highlighting the need for tailored approaches; and, surprisingly, international cooperation increased support only in Germany, challenging assumptions about global climate policy. These findings have profound implications for policymakers, suggesting that an effective carbon tax design must be carefully calibrated in the national context. This study provides a roadmap for designing carbon tax policies that are environmentally effective and politically viable for diverse global economies. |
| Date: | 2025–03–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:fq4tn_v2 |
| By: | Innocenti, Stefania; Bharadwaj, Preethika (School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford) |
| Abstract: | Fossil fuel subsidies pose a significant barrier to achieving decarbonisation goals, yet their removal remains challenging due to concerns about public opposition and the potential impact on vulnerable groups. In Malaysia, where a petrol subsidy reform is underway, we conducted a mixed-methods study to explore strategies to increase public support for the reform. The study combined an incentivised experimental online survey (N=1, 208) and interviews with policymakers (N=12). The survey tested redistributive and environmental framing interventions, while the interviews examined policymakers' perceptions of public support and its interplay with other reform considerations. Results show that emphasising the redistributive benefits of the reform can increase public support by at least 8 percentage points from a baseline of 25%, while the environmental framing increases support by at least 5 percentage points from a 39% baseline among prior opposers. Policymakers acknowledged the challenges posed by the unpopularity of subsidy reforms, but underscored the critical role of strategic communication in addressing public concerns. By crafting transparent and resonant narratives, policymakers can garner greater support for implementing the reform. |
| Keywords: | climate policy, fuel subsidy reform, public support, communication, survey-based experiment, Malaysia |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2025-03 |
| By: | Müller, Melanie; Strack, Lea; Vulović, Marina |
| Abstract: | In July 2024, the European Union (EU) and the Serbian government signed a strategic raw materials partnership. For the EU, this cooperation represents an important step towards diversifying its supply chains and strengthening economic partnerships in its neighbourhood. Serbian President Aleksandar Vuéci´c has a geopolitical interest in this cooperation, which he also wants to use to further consolidate his already extensive power domestically. The signing of the partnership agreement has triggered massive protests in Serbia. Critics fear that the implementation of the raw materials partnership could further undermine already fragile rule-of-law structures, as well as environmental and social standards. The case of Serbia illustrates that the EU can only exert limited influence on the country's authoritarian government in a geopolitically tense context. However, it must strategically use its available leverage to mitigate the existing risks. |
| Keywords: | Serbia, Aleksandar Vuéci´c, rule of law, sustainability, Europe's raw materials cooperation, Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA), ESG (environmental, social, governance), Jadar Project, lithium, boron, German Mineral Resources Agency (DERA), Rio Sava |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:315536 |
| By: | Clara Delavallade; Melanie Colette Jacqueline Gittard; Julia Vaillant |
| Abstract: | Sub-Saharan Africa is highly vulnerable to climate change, with rural women dis- proportionately affected due to pre-existing gender inequalities that both increase their need for adaptation and constrain their ability to adopt strategies. This paper reviews empirical evidence on key barriers to women’s climate adaptation, identifies critical knowledge gaps, and outlines a gender-informed policy and research agenda. Focusing on on-farm and off-farm adaptation strategies‒including climate-smart agriculture, weather insurance, income diversification, and migration‒the paper highlights key constraints limiting women’s adaptive capacity: financial limitations, restricted asset control and ownership, gender norms positioning women as primary caregivers and shock absorbers, lower human and social capital, and limited access to climate and technology information. Substantial gaps remain in understanding how women’s financial literacy, institutional trust, risk and climate perception, and social networks affect their adaptation. Evidence-supported interventions include information provision on climate-smart agricultural technologies and social protection, while emerging but less established interventions include socio-emotional skills programs, childcare, and land titling. Underexplored yet promising interventions involve expanding women’s access to digital climate services, strengthening social networks, and engaging men in shifting intra-household roles. Significant knowledge gaps persist regarding the main constraints women face in adopting migration as an adaptation strategy. |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11095 |
| By: | Johanna Kangas; Janne S. Kotiaho; Markku Ollikainen |
| Abstract: | The European Union's Biodiversity Strategy sets an ambitious goal to increase the area of protected land and sea to 30% with 10% devoted to strict protection by 2030. The large land areas required to fulfil the conservation target and the quick schedule of implementation challenge both the current policy instruments and public funding for conservation. We introduce a deferrence mechanism for forest conservation by using procurement auctions. Deferring the conservation payments allows the government to conserve large areas in a quicker schedule and distributing the financial burden of conservation cost for a longer period of time. The deferred payments are paid an interest. The interest earning and an auction mechanism for downpayments strengthens the incentives for landowners to take part in conservation. We characterize the general properties of the mechanism and run numerical simulations to find that the deferrence mechanism facilitates a quick conservation of stands and thereby minimizes the loss of ecologically valuable sites caused by harvesting risks. The analysis suggests that keeping the lending period no longer than 10 years and paying a 3% interest rate provides a compromise that works rather well and outperforms the up-front mechanism in most cases. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2503.23955 |
| By: | Sébastien Bourdin (Métis Lab EM Normandie - EM Normandie - École de Management de Normandie = EM Normandie Business School); Nicolas Jacquet (Métis Lab EM Normandie - EM Normandie - École de Management de Normandie = EM Normandie Business School) |
| Abstract: | Transitioning to a circular economy (CE) at the local level is important for addressing the strain on natural resources caused by population growth and climate change. This study aims to investigate the factors that influence or impede the adoption of CE practices in French cities and regions. To achieve this goal, 47 interviews were conducted with practitioners from local authorities to identify the key elements that facilitate or hinder the implementation of CE. The findings highlight the crucial role of local authorities in enabling the transition to a CE, with critical support from political endorsement, strategic foresight, and effective leadership. However, obstacles such as organizational inertia, financial constraints, and a limited understanding of a CE present challenges to a CE's broader adoption. The study also emphasizes the critical role of partnerships and collaborative networks in overcoming these barriers and promoting the advancement of CE initiatives. |
| Keywords: | Circular economy, Local authorities, Interviews, Barriers, Drivers, Stakeholders, Content Analysis |
| Date: | 2025–02–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04991196 |
| By: | Clara Brandi (German Institute of Development and Sustainability); Federico Carri-Caccia (Department of International and Spanish Economics, University of Granada) |
| Abstract: | The present paper re-visits the link between cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and bilateral trade liberalization. It presents new evidence on the extent to which investment related environmental provisions (IEP) embedded in Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) moderate the impact of PTAs on cross-border M&As. To this end, we estimate a gravity model. Our findings suggest that IEPs diminish the positive effect of PTAs on bilateral M&As. We show that IEP undermines the positive effect of PTAs on investments flows between countries with high environmental stringency. |
| Keywords: | Gravity; M&As; Pollution haven; PTA |
| JEL: | F13 F21 F23 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drx:wpaper:202513 |
| By: | Ohyun Kwon (School of Economics, Drexel University); Hao Zhao (School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China); Min Qiang Zhao (MOE Key Laboratory of Econometrics, Xiamen University) |
| Abstract: | We propose a novel method for calculating product-level emission intensities (PLEI) at highly disaggregate level (Harmonized System 6-digit) for nine emission categories. This method effectively disentangles PLEI from the firm-level efficiency factor that varies across firms and years. Utilizing firm-level emissions data from China for the period 2000–2013, our analysis shows that: (i) there is substantial heterogeneity in PLEI across different products; (ii) the 10% most emission-intensive products contribute to nearly 75% of total emissions, while comprising only 4% of total exports; (iii) a less aggregate categorization of products markedly underestimates the variation in emission intensities; and (iv) China’s export profile shows no tendency towards specialization in products with high emission intensity. |
| Keywords: | International trade, Emission intensities, China |
| JEL: | D22 F18 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drx:wpaper:202520 |
| By: | Jesper Akesson; Robert Hahn; Rajat Kochhar; Robert Metcalfe |
| Abstract: | Water suppliers are showing greater interest in using different mechanisms to promote conservation. One such mechanism is conducting home water audits, which involves assessing water use and providing tailored suggestions for conserving water for residential customers. Yet, very little is known about the economic impacts of these water audits. This paper helps fill this gap by implementing a natural field experiment in the United Kingdom. The experiment randomly allocates 45, 000 water customers to a control group or to treatment groups that receive different behavioral encouragements to take-up an online water audit. Our analysis yields three main findings. First, encouraging subjects to participate in an audit with financial incentives reduces household consumption by about 17 percent over two months. Furthermore, we find that the size of the financial incentive used to encourage conservation matters for take-up, but not conservation. Second, although there are substantial improvements in water conservation for some interventions, they do not appear to yield net benefits of more than 1 pound per person under various sensitivity analyses. We also implement a marginal value of public funds approach that considers benefits and costs and reach a similar conclusion. Third, we find that targeting high users could double the effectiveness of the financial incentive interventions. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:feb:natura:00820 |
| By: | Muellbauer, John |
| Abstract: | A green land value tax (LVT) can resolve conflicts among meeting climate goals, equity and housing affordability, while reducing intergenerational injustice. Land prices, reflected in house prices relative to incomes, are near all-time records, pricing younger citizens out of home-ownership and affordable rents. The OECD confirms that annual property taxes linked to recent market values can improve macroeconomic stability and also boost long-run growth. The green LVT – effectively a split-rate property tax – would consist of a charge on the land plus a charge on the building minus a discount depending on its energy usage. Regular revaluations discourage speculation and avoid cliff-edge changes. To protect cash-poor but land-rich households, everyone would have the right to defer the tax. To avoid complex interest charges, the tax authority would register a proportionate claim at the land registry equal to the unpaid tax for each year deferred, settled upon the property's transfer or sale. |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2023-12 |
| By: | Agneta Forslund (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Anaïs Tibi (DEPE - Direction de l'Expertise scientifique collective, de la Prospective et des Etudes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Bertrand Schmitt (CESAER - Centre d'économie et de sociologie rurales appliquées à l'agriculture et aux espaces ruraux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Dijon - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Elodie Marajo-Petitzon (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Philippe Debaeke (AGIR - AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - INP - PURPAN - Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Jean-Louis Durand (P3F - Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Philippe Faverdin (PEGASE - Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Hervé Guyomard (SDAR Bretagne Normandie - Services déconcentrés d'appui à la recherche Bretagne-Normandie - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Sera-t-il possible de fournir une alimentation plus saine à la population mondiale en 2050 sans étendre les terres agricoles ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons estimé grâce au modèle de bilan GlobAgri-AE2050, les besoins en terres cultivées et en pâtures en 2050 pour 21 régions du monde, induits par l'adoption de régimes plus sains, sur la base de projections des variables exogènes d'offre et de demande de produits agricoles, en prenant en compte l'impact du changement climatique sur les rendements des cultures, les intensités de pâturage et les surfaces maximales cultivables, et en tenant compte des échanges inter-régionaux. Les résultats des simulations pour deux projections des rendements (croissance « modérée » et « forte ») montrent que plusieurs régions (Afrique du Nord, Proche et Moyen Orient, Inde et reste de l'Asie) seraient contraintes par leurs disponibilités en terres cultivables, et que les besoins additionnels en pâtures en Afrique subsaharienne deviendraient extrêmes. |
| Keywords: | Surfaces cultivables, Alimentation, Changement climatique |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04998084 |
| By: | Jun Cui |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the relationship between corporate digital innovation and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance, with a specific focus on the mediating role of Generative artificial intelligence technology adoption. Using a comprehensive panel dataset of 8, 000 observations from the CMARS and WIND database spanning from 2015 to 2023, we employ multiple econometric techniques to examine this relationship. Our findings reveal that digital innovation significantly enhances corporate ESG performance, with GAI technology adoption serving as a crucial mediating mechanism. Specifically, digital innovation positively influences GAI technology adoption, which subsequently improves ESG performance. Furthermore, our heterogeneity analysis indicates that this relationship varies across firm size, industry type, and ownership structure. Finally, our results remain robust after addressing potential endogeneity concerns through instrumental variable estimation, propensity score matching, and differenc in differences approaches. This research contributes to the growing literature on technologydriven sustainability transformations and offers practical implications for corporate strategy and policy development in promoting sustainable business practices through technological advancement. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2504.01041 |
| By: | Javier Aliaga Lordemann (Investigador senior asociado de INESAD); Beatriz Muriel (Directora Ejecutiva e Investigadora Senior de INESAD); Adriana Caballero Caballero (Investigadora Junior de INESAD) |
| Abstract: | El presente documento tiene el objeto de aportar al debate y la evidencia sobre el acceso al financiamiento climático. Está centrado en los factores de demanda a partir de un estudio de caso sobre los productores de quinua del Altiplano Sur de Bolivia, y se basa en información primaria recopilada por la Fundación INESAD. Los resultados indican que los productores no cuentan con planes de contingencia para abordar los shocks relacionados con el clima, y que estos perciben en las tecnologías sostenibles costos altos y, por lo tanto, mayores inversiones. Entre las barreras de acceso al financiamiento que enfrentan los productores están: el bajo conocimiento sobre las alternativas que se ofrecen; la inestabilidad en sus ingresos agrícolas, lo que dificulta la planificación financiera y aumenta el riesgo crediticio –que se ve agrava por el cambio y la variabilidad climática–; la falta de garantías. Bajo este contexto, se destaca la necesidad de soluciones de financiamiento climático adaptadas a las necesidades específicas de los productores de quinua, con énfasis en una asistencia técnica orientada a una agricultura sostenible y en condiciones de préstamo favorables y alineadas con los ciclos agrícolas. |
| Keywords: | Climate finance, Agricultural households, Access to agricultural financing, climate change |
| JEL: | O13 O16 Q14 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:adv:wpaper:202503 |
| By: | Elci Sirin; Galindo Manuel; Miedzinski Michal (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) play a key role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the Directorate General for International Partnerships (DG INTPA) of the European Commission joined forces launching the project on STI for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Roadmaps in Africa. The report lays the foundation for STI for SDGs roadmap in Rwanda with the focus on fostering food systems transformation to enhance food security of the country with the focus on leveraging emerging technologies to enhance food productivity. The report identifies areas for further investment in STI and proposes policy and governance mechanisms to increase impact of innovation in the challenge area. This report is based on stakeholder workshop and interviews and the desk study. The work was undertaken in collaboration between JRC and the National Council for Science and Technology (NCST) of Rwanda. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc140412 |
| By: | Paul M. Lohmann; Elisabeth Gsottbauer; Christina Gravert; Lucia A. Reisch |
| Abstract: | Understanding when and why nudges work is crucial for designing interventions that consistently and reliably change behaviour. This paper explores the relationship between decision-making speed and the effectiveness of two nudges – carbon footprint labelling and menu repositioning – aimed at encouraging climate-friendly food choices. Using an incentivized online randomized controlled trial with a quasi-representative sample of British consumers (N=3, 052) ordering meals through an experimental food-delivery platform, we introduced a time-pressure mechanism to capture both fast and slow decision-making processes. Our findings suggest that menu repositioning is an effective tool for promoting climate-friendly choices when decisions are made quickly, though the effect fades when subjects have time to revise their choices. Carbon labels, in contrast, showed minimal impact overall but reduced emissions among highly educated and climate-conscious individuals when they made fast decisions. The results imply that choice architects should apply both interventions in contexts where consumers make fast decisions, such as digital platforms, canteens, or fast-food restaurants to help mitigate climate externalities. More broadly, our findings suggest that the available decision time in different contexts might at least partly explain differences in effect sizes found in previous studies of these nudges. |
| Keywords: | carbon-footprint labelling, choice architecture, food-delivery apps, low-carbon diets, dual-process models, system 1 |
| JEL: | C90 D04 I18 D90 Q18 Q50 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11718 |
| By: | Jean Chateau; Hugo Rojas-Romagosa; Sneha D Thube; Dominique van der Mensbrugghe |
| Abstract: | IMF-ENV is a global dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model developed by the IMF's Research Department. The model features a database of 160 countries and regions, along with 76 sectors, and can be calibrated to a wide range of country-sector combinations. The model's general equilibrium structure, combined with its high level of detail, enables it to assess both direct and indirect domestic structural changes and cross-border spillover effects of policies. This makes it suitable for examining the medium- and long-term macroeconomic effects as well as structural shifts arising from national and/or global climate mitigation, energy, fiscal and trade policies. The model reports impact on macroeconomic variables, sectoral outcomes, employment and bilateral trade flows, along with detailed information for energy demand and supply, electricity generation and GHG emissions. |
| Keywords: | Computable general equilibrium models; energy transition; energy security; energy policies; climate policies; structural change; trade policies |
| Date: | 2025–04–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/077 |
| By: | Jasper Siegfried (Lion’s Head Global Partners); Bernat Camps Adrogué (Lion’s Head Global Partners); Tay Drummond (Lion’s Head Global Partners); Mikaela Gavas (Center for Global Development); Laura Granito (Center for Global Development) |
| Abstract: | With increasing pressure on European development budgets, optimising the efficiency and impact of the European Union’s concessional finance is critical. This paper examines how the European Fund for Sustainable Development Plus (EFSD+) guarantee instrument can be strengthened to better support sustainable development in emerging markets. While the EFSD+ plays a key role in mobilising private capital, its complex structure, fragmented administration, and risk management limitations hinder effectiveness. Through a benchmarking analysis of major guarantee providers, financial modeling of the EFSD+ provisioning rates, and expert interviews, this paper identifies three key areas for improvement: (1) structural and operational efficiency, (2) impact and effectiveness, and (3) financial efficiency and risk management, advocating for data-driven provisioning and mechanisms to mitigate foreign exchange risks. By implementing these reforms, the EFSD+ can enhance its impact, ensure more strategic capital allocation, and improve financial sustainability, ultimately advancing the EU’s global development objectives. |
| Date: | 2025–04–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:ppaper:357 |
| By: | Ephraim Gerber (HES-SO - Haute Ecole Spécialisée de Suisse Occidentale); Jeanne Fournier (UNIL - Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne); Emmanuel Salim (UNIL - Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne, ISTHIA - Institut supérieur du tourisme, de l'hôtellerie et de l'alimentation (Toulouse) - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT - Université de Toulouse, CERTOP - Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT - Université de Toulouse - UT3 - Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT - Université de Toulouse - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Emmanuel Fragnière (HES-SO - Haute Ecole Spécialisée de Suisse Occidentale); Leïla Kebir (UNIL - Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne) |
| Abstract: | Climate change affects mountain tourism and summer glacier skiing, a highly vulnerable activity. This paper explores the complex dynamics affecting summer glacier skiing in Swiss Alpine destinations. The methodology involved conducting 26 semi-structured interviews followed by three workshops with tourism stakeholders. Applying systems thinking, this research highlights the challenges faced by summer glacier skiing destinations and the ongoing commitment required amid evolving cryosphere dynamics. Sustaining summer glacier skiing touches on vulnerability factors in climatic and socioeconomic dimensions. The disappearance of the activity has implications for the cable car companies, the hospitality sector and the wider mountain tourism industry. The systems thinking approach in this research reveals feedback loops and leverage points, such as uncertainties about the future of the activity. |
| Keywords: | Summer glacier skiing, Systems thinking, Climate adaptation, Climate risk, Glacier tourism |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04988414 |
| By: | Ji Woo Han |
| Abstract: | This comprehensive study investigates the intricate relationship between water scarcity and agricultural production, emphasizing its critical global significance. The research, through multidimensional analysis, investigates the various effects of water scarcity on crop productivity, especially the economic water scarcity (AEWS) which is the main factor of influence. The study stresses the possibility of vertical farming as a viable solution to the different kinds of water scarcity problems, hence, it emphasizes its function in the sustainable agricultural development. Although the study recognizes that some problems still remain, it also points out the necessity of more research to solve the issues of scalability and socio-economic implications. Moving forward, interdisciplinary collaboration and technological innovation are essential to achieving water-secure agriculture and societal resilience. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2504.00056 |
| By: | Lester Lusher; Tim Ruberg |
| Abstract: | We utilize region-day variation in actual vs. forecasted weather conditions (i.e. forecasting errors) to comprehensively investigate the effects of the first heat-health warning system in Japan. We find that heat alerts led to a 17% increase in heat stroke counts. An analysis of mechanisms suggests this is primarily driven by increased reporting, as opposed to potential “adverse” behavioral responses or substitution in health diagnoses. Four times as many heat strokes are detected in low-income neighborhoods compared to high-income neighborhoods. We further document evidence of avoidance behaviors (e.g. electricity usage), but find no evidence of improved (or worsened) mortality outcomes. |
| Keywords: | heat stroke, climate change, warning effectiveness, avoidance behavior |
| JEL: | D90 I12 I18 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11772 |
| By: | Alizée Roux (CEREFIGE - Centre Européen de Recherche en Economie Financière et Gestion des Entreprises - UL - Université de Lorraine); Mathieu Kacha (CEREFIGE - Centre Européen de Recherche en Economie Financière et Gestion des Entreprises - UL - Université de Lorraine); Sandrine Heitz-Spahn (CEREFIGE - Centre Européen de Recherche en Economie Financière et Gestion des Entreprises - UL - Université de Lorraine) |
| Abstract: | This communication proposal aims to examine, from a marketing perspective, internet users' perceptions and expectations regarding digital eco-design, specifically for websites. Given growing environmental challenges, understanding how users perceive and evaluate eco-design approaches becomes essential. The qualitative methodology is based on 18 semi-structured interviews conducted with internet users of varied profiles, allowing for an in-depth exploration of their representations, expectations, and potential reservations regarding these emerging practices. The results indicate that consumers' knowledge of websites' environmental impacts remains spontaneously limited. The results also highlight 1. a lack of consumer knowledge regarding environmentally friendly websites. 2. expectations concerning the exemplarity of certain companies or organizations regarding the environmental impact of their website, as well as the consistency of their actions within their environmental approaches. |
| Abstract: | Cette proposition de communication a pour objet d'examiner, dans une perspective marketing, les perceptions et attentes des internautes vis-à-vis de l'éco-conception digitale et plus précisément celle des sites Internet. Face aux enjeux environnementaux croissants, comprendre comment les utilisateurs perçoivent et évaluent les démarches d'éco-conception devient essentiel. La méthodologie qualitative s'appuie sur 18 entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès d'internautes aux profils variés, permettant d'explorer en profondeur leurs représentations, attentes et éventuelles réticences vis-à-vis de ces pratiques émergentes. Les résultats indiquent que les connaissances des consommateurs vis-à-vis des impacts environnementaux des sites Internet restent spontanément limitées. Les résultats mettent aussi en exergue 1. un manque de connaissances des consommateurs concernant les sites Internet plus respectueux de l'environnement. 2. des attentes concernant l'exemplarité de certaines entreprises ou organisations à propos de l'impact environnemental de leur(s) site(s) Internet, mais aussi de la cohérence de leurs actions au sein de leurs démarches environnementales. |
| Keywords: | éco-conception digitale, site web éco-conçu, enjeux environnementaux liés au web, éco-conception ..., site web éco-co..., enjeux environn... |
| Date: | 2025–03–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05011525 |
| By: | Lorelay Mendoza Grijalva; Allisa G. Hastie; Meili Gong; Brenda Rojas Cala; Brandon Hunter; Stephanie Wallace; Rojelio Mejia; Catherine Flowers; Khalid K. Osman; William A. Tarpeh |
| Abstract: | Safe sanitation access is commonly believed to be ubiquitous in high-income countries; however, researchers and community advocates have exposed a glaring lack of access for many low-income communities and communities of color across the U.S. While this disparity has been identified and quantified at a high level, local and household-level implications of sanitation failures remain ill-defined. We develop a set of user-based and environmental measures to assess the performance of centralized wastewater systems, septic systems, and straight-piped systems in Lowndes County, Alabama. We combine qualitative, survey, and environmental sampled data to holistically compare user experiences across infrastructure types. This integrated approach reveals new routes of exposure to wastewater through informal household maintenance and system backups and provides evidence for the spread of wastewater-like contamination throughout the community. This work elucidates the severity of sanitation failures in one rural U.S. community and provides a framework to assess sanitation quality in other contexts with limited sanitation access in high-income countries. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2503.22938 |
| By: | Maurice Doyon; Benjamin Roy |
| Abstract: | This report analyzes the economic trade-offs between harvesting hardwoods and maple syrup production in Quebec's public forests. It finds that while the hardwood sector is larger overall, maple syrup production generates more economic benefits per hectare. The report also points out the non-substitutable nature of maple syrup production and the high concentration of economic activity in syrup production, relative to hardwoods harvesting. The report indicates that prioritizing maple syrup production on suitable public lands would lead to a more economically optimal allocation of resources. It also highlights the potential for conservation efforts and integration of maple syrup production with protected areas, aligning with Quebec's biodiversity goals. Ce rapport analyse la tension entre l’industrie forestière et l’acériculture pour l’accès aux érablières en forêts publiques au Québec. Il révèle que, bien que le secteur du feuillu dur soit globalement plus important, la production de sirop d'érable génère davantage de retombées économiques par hectare. Le rapport souligne également la nature non substituable de la production de sirop d'érable et la forte concentration de l'activité économique dans la production de sirop d’érable, par rapport à la récolte de feuillus durs. Le rapport indique que la priorisation de l’activité acéricole sur les érablières en terres publiques conduirait à une allocation des ressources plus optimale sur le plan économique. Il met également en évidence le potentiel d'intégration de la production de sirop d'érable avec les efforts de conservation et la mise en place d’aires protégées, ce qui s'aligne sur les objectifs de biodiversité du Québec. |
| Keywords: | Maple Syrup Production, Hardwood Harvesting, Economic Impact, Public Forests, Resource Allocation, Production acéricole, Récolte de feuillus durs, Impact économique, Forêts publiques, Allocation des ressources |
| Date: | 2025–04–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirwor:2025s-11 |
| By: | Mellab Kahina (CREAD - Research Center in Applied Economics for Development) |
| Abstract: | Agriculture and agri-food products play a significant role in Algeria's economy, although this share has declined due to the dominance of hydrocarbon exports. In 2023, agricultural exports accounted for about 5 to 7% of the country's total export value. Key Algerian agricultural exports include olive oil, citrus fruits, and dates. France remains the largest export market, receiving around 30% of Algeria's agricultural exports, followed by Italy and Spain. This article analyzes the role of agriculture in Algerian exports, identifies the main export markets, and evaluates the policies implemented to enhance the sector's competitiveness. The methodological approach relies on a quantitative analysis of recent agricultural statistics, such as the sector's share of GDP, its impact on employment, and the distribution of agricultural exports by product and country. Secondary data from institutional reports and international organizations have been used to identify major trends and challenges. Additionally, the study includes a qualitative analysis of current agricultural policies, focusing on strategies to improve sector efficiency and overcome challenges related to outdated agricultural techniques, water scarcity, and the effects of climate change. Finally, recommendations are proposed to increase Algeria's agricultural exports, including the promotion of national agricultural products, integration into global value chains, and the adoption of sustainable farming practices to strengthen competitiveness and ensure sustained sector growth. |
| Abstract: | L'agriculture et les produits agroalimentaires occupent une place significative dans l'économie algérienne, bien que cette part ait diminué en raison de la prééminence des exportations d'hydrocarbures. En 2023, les exportations agricoles représentent environ 5 à 7 % de la valeur totale des exportations du pays. Les principales exportations agricoles algériennes comprennent l'huile d'olive, les agrumes, les dattes. La France reste le premier marché d'exportation, recevant environ 30 % des exportations agricoles algériennes, suivie par l'Italie et l'Espagne. Cet article analyse la place de l'agriculture dans les exportations algériennes, identifie les principaux marchés d'exportation et évalue les politiques mises en place pour renforcer la compétitivité du secteur agricole. L'approche méthodologique repose sur une analyse quantitative des statistiques récentes relatives à l'agriculture, telles que la part du secteur dans le PIB, son impact sur l'emploi et la répartition des exportations agricoles par produit et par pays. Des données secondaires provenant de rapports institutionnels et d'organisations internationales ont été utilisées pour identifier les tendances et défis majeurs. Par ailleurs, l'étude inclut une analyse qualitative des politiques agricoles en cours, en se concentrant sur les stratégies visant à améliorer l'efficience du secteur et à surmonter les obstacles liés à l'utilisation de techniques agricoles obsolètes, la pénurie d'eau et les effets du changement climatique. Enfin, des recommandations sont proposées pour augmenter la part des exportations agricoles de l'Algérie. Celles-ci incluent la valorisation des produits agricoles nationaux, l'intégration du secteur dans les chaînes de valeur mondiales et l'adoption de pratiques agricoles durables, afin de renforcer la compétitivité et assurer une croissance soutenue du secteur. |
| Date: | 2025–03–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05004065 |
| By: | Yiping Meng; Sergio Cavalaro; Mohamed Osmani |
| Abstract: | The longevity and viability of construction components in a circular economy demand a robust, data-informed framework for reuse decision-making. This paper introduces a multi-level grading and classification system that combines Bayesian probabilistic modeling with scenario-based performance thresholds to assess the reusability of end-of-life modular components. By grading components across a five-tier scale, the system supports strategic decisions for reuse, up-use, or down-use, ensuring alignment with engineering standards and sustainability objectives. The model's development is grounded in empirical data from precast concrete wall panels, and its explainability is enhanced through decision tree logic and Sankey visualizations that trace the influence of contextual scenarios on classification outcomes. MGCS addresses the environmental, economic, and operational challenges of EoL management--reducing material waste, optimizing value recovery, and improving workflow efficiency. Through dynamic feature weighting and transparent reasoning, the system offers a practical yet rigorous pathway to embed circular thinking into construction industry practices. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2504.06782 |
| By: | Pascal Stiefenhofer |
| Abstract: | This paper explores how ethical consumption can transform democratic governance toward sustainability by challenging traditional economic models centered on utility and efficiency. As societal values shift toward transparency equity and environmental responsibility ethical consumers increasingly influence markets. Drawing on Whites Kantian economic framework and Ingleharts theory of value change the paper proposes a model integrating moral imperatives into economic theory. Using a vector bundle approach it captures evolving ethical preferences advocating for an inclusive sustainability focused economic paradigm aligned with post materialist values. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2504.01138 |
| By: | Xipeng Gao (School of Economics and Finance, XiÕan Jiaotong University, XiÕan, Shaanxi, PR China); Xiangju Li (School of Economics and Finance, XiÕan Jiaotong University, XiÕan, Shaanxi, PR China); Jorge Martinez-Vazquez (International Center for Public Policy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States) |
| Abstract: | A central tenet in the fiscal federalism literature posits that inter-jurisdictional tax competition can engender economic efficiency losses. However, diverse firms exhibit heterogeneous sensitivities to varying tax burdens. When firms strategically evaluate differential tax pressures across tax categories, tax competition evolves into competition over tax structure. This dynamic is particularly pronounced in the case of green taxes and fees, which aim to internalize negative externalities compared to conventional tax instruments. We identify a Òrace to the bottomÓ phenomenon in corporate green taxes and fees driven by structural distortions within the tax system in China. Based on the constructed theoretical model of energy factor allocation that includes a distortionary coefficient of green taxes and fees, we predict that the efficiency growth of firms will decrease as the intensity of their Òrace to the bottomÓ competition increases in response to the relative pressure of green taxes and fees. Using data from listed companies in China, we find a robust negative relation between the Òrace to the bottomÓ competitive intensity of green taxes and fees pressure and total factor productivity growth. Our findings indicate that increasing the intensity of fiscal and environmental decentralization exacerbates the problem of the intensity of competition in the corporate tax structure, generating significant efficiency losses. These findings provide new evidence on the economic disadvantages of unchecked tax competition in decentralized systems. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ays:ispwps:paper2507 |
| By: | Koundouri, Phoebe; Landis, Conrad; Onofri, Laura |
| Abstract: | The study performs a qualitative meta-analysis of literature on economic valuation of spiritual values, to possibly assess and attach them a common meaning and content. We apply the qualitative meta-analysis procedure, developed by Atkins et al. (2008), and validated by econometric analysis, to (1) literature on spiritual ecosystem services (SES) valuations studies and to (2) literature on measurement of spiritual capital impacts on economies and markets, with a focus on religious markets. Markets and economies, in fact, are complex social structures, where the spiritual values originated in environmental and ecosystem contexts might change connotation and significance. Results show that when spiritual values are expressed as nature direct consumption or instinctual feedback from nature, they seem to have a use value at personal level and a negative impact at social level (economies and institutions). When spiritual values are expressed as responsibility and connection through nature they have a non-use value at personal level and a positive impact at social level (economies and institutions). In this perspective, qualitative meta-analysis results may offer a preliminary support for a better understanding, design and implementation of quantitative and monetary valuation methods for SES and other spiritual values. |
| Keywords: | spiritual values, ecosystems, spiritual ecosystem services, spiritual capital, spiritual capital impacts on economies and markets, qualitative meta-analysis |
| JEL: | O10 Q01 Q57 Z12 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124399 |
| By: | Mohamed Kayal (LIRAES (URP_ 4470) - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Appliquée en Economie de la Santé - UPCité - Université Paris Cité) |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04992771 |
| By: | Immervoll, Herwig (OECD, Paris); Linden, Jules (LISER (CEPS/INSTEAD)); O'Donoghue, Cathal (National University of Ireland, Galway); Sologon, Denisa Maria (LISER (CEPS/INSTEAD)) |
| Abstract: | We assess household burdens from a carbon tax with revenue recycling, comparing them to burdens from price changes during the recent cost-of-living crisis. We focus on Lithuania, an OECD country that attained high-income status a decade ago, and that recently enacted a €60/ton CO2 carbon tax despite a challenging policy context, with high poverty rates and concerns about the affordability of energy. Households spend large parts of their budget on energy, but the impact of the carbon tax on overall cost of living is modest (3% on average), substantially smaller than the impact of inflation between 2021-24 (36%). Direct carbon-tax burdens, from higher fuel prices, fall disproportionately on lower-income households. But indirect effects, from higher prices of goods other than fuel, are sizeable and broadly “flat” across the income distribution, which dampens regressivity. We simulate seven different options for compensating households by recycling carbon-tax revenues back to them through transfers or by lowering other taxes. When carefully designed, revenue recycling allows considerable scope for cushioning burdens, and for addressing concerns about disproportionate costs for some groups of households and voters. |
| Keywords: | carbon pricing, revenue recycling, inflation, inequality |
| JEL: | C8 D12 D31 H23 Q52 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17826 |
| By: | Juliette Tran (IMS - Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système - UB - Université de Bordeaux - Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PACTE - Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - IEPG - Sciences Po Grenoble-UGA - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Karine Chassaing (IMS - Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système - UB - Université de Bordeaux - Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Johann Petit (IMS - Laboratoire de l'intégration, du matériau au système - UB - Université de Bordeaux - Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sandrine Caroly (PACTE - Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - IEPG - Sciences Po Grenoble-UGA - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | With this contribution, we wish to highlight the development of collective work that underlies the implementation of the ecological transition. To do so, we rely on the results of an intervention that took place in the gardens and green spaces department of a local authority and on a doctoral research in progress. In a context of ecological transition, this department is undergoing significant changes in the missions entrusted to gardeners. The implementation of these evolutions on the territory is accompanied by different and sometimes contradictory appropriations according to the actors (gardening agents, team leaders, users, local elected officials). In this context, users and elected officials express requests that the agents must manage. To do this, we show here the collaborative work that was instituted between the secretaries of the management, the team leaders of the gardeners and the gardeners in order, on the one hand, to harmonize the logics of the actors and, on the other hand, to adapt to the requests that are sometimes contradictory with the rules that have been set collectively. |
| Abstract: | Avec cette contribution, nous souhaitons mettre en lumière le développement du travail collectif qui sous-tend la mise en œuvre de la transition écologique. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur les résultats d'une intervention menée au sein du service des jardins et espaces verts d'une collectivité territoriale et sur une recherche doctorale en cours. Dans un contexte de transition écologique, ce service connaît des évolutions importantes dans les missions confiées aux jardiniers. La mise en œuvre de ces évolutions sur le territoire s'accompagne d'appropriations différentes et parfois contradictoires selon les acteurs (agents de jardinage, chefs d'équipe, usagers, élus locaux). Dans ce contexte, usagers et élus expriment des demandes que les agents doivent gérer. Pour ce faire, nous montrons ici le travail collaboratif qui s'est instauré entre les secrétaires de direction, les chefs d'équipe des jardiniers et les jardiniers afin, d'une part, d'harmoniser les logiques des acteurs et, d'autre part, de s'adapter à des demandes parfois contradictoires avec les règles fixées collectivement. |
| Keywords: | Ergonomics, Ecological transition, Development, Collective work |
| Date: | 2023–07–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05009085 |
| By: | Javier Aliaga Lordemann (Investigador senior asociado de INESAD); Liliana Roca (Investigadora invitada de INESAD); Norma Feliciano Carvajal (Investigadora invitada de INESAD) |
| Abstract: | En el Altiplano Sur de Bolivia los patrones climáticos alterados han afectado negativamente la producción de cultivos esenciales. Particularmente, han afectado a la quinua, que ha ganado popularidad mundial como un superalimento. El aumento en su demanda ha ejercido una presión considerable sobre los agricultores locales para mejorar sus prácticas de cultivo y adaptarse a condiciones climáticas cada vez más adversas. La implementación de Buenas Prácticas Agrícolas (BPA), específicamente el uso del compost, surge como una estrategia para mejorar la calidad del suelo, reducir la dependencia de fertilizantes químicos perjudiciales y, potencialmente, aumentar los rendimientos de los cultivos y los ingresos de los agricultores. Esta investigación realiza un análisis costo-efectividad del uso del compost en la producción de quinua del Altiplano Sur. Es aplicado por el Instituto de Estudios Avanzados en Desarrollo (INESAD) en el marco de un proyecto piloto sobre producción sostenible. En él se aplicaron dosis de compost a parcelas de quinua de pequeños productores, lo que ha permitido evaluar su impacto en los rendimientos de los cultivos, en los ingresos y en los costos operativos. La metodología de trabajo incluyó un análisis del costo-beneficio de las BPA, complementado con un análisis de costo-efectividad. Adicionalmente, se realizaron mediciones de la huella de carbono antes y después de la implementación de las prácticas de compostaje con la herramienta Cool Farm Tool, lo que permitió evaluar de forma integral los beneficios económicos y ambientales asociados al uso del compost. Los hallazgos indican que la aplicación del compost mejora significativamente los rendimientos de la quinua. El rendimiento promedio aumentó de 877 kg/ha a 1.109 kg/ha, lo que representa una mejora del 26, 66% atribuible al uso del compost. Aunque se observaron pérdidas en los niveles de materia orgánica y nitrógeno del suelo, las parcelas con compost mostraron una menor disminución en comparación con las parcelas de control. La huella de carbono total asociada al uso del compost fue mayor, como era de esperar, pero aumentó en un 15% el secuestro de carbono en suelo, y además generó una mejora en el rendimiento y los beneficios para la salud del suelo, lo que justifica económicamente esta práctica. El análisis de costos reveló que, si bien la inversión inicial en compostaje es considerable, los beneficios a largo plazo en términos de productividad y sostenibilidad son significativos. El estudio concluye que la adopción de BPA, especialmente el compostaje, es una estrategia eficaz para mejorar la producción de quinua y reducir las huellas de carbono en el Altiplano Sur. Es esencial que los agricultores consideren la recuperación del suelo como una inversión a largo plazo que no solo podría mejorar la productividad inmediata, sino que también puede apoyar en la sostenibilidad agrícola. Se recomienda expandir la implementación del compostaje en más fincas, asegurar el compromiso de los productores a lo largo del estudio y promover el cultivo de plantas nativas de cobertura para mejorar la materia orgánica del suelo y las capacidades de secuestro de carbono. Al optimizar las prácticas agrícolas y gestionar los costos de manera efectiva, los agricultores pueden lograr mejores resultados financieros mientras contribuyen a la sostenibilidad ambiental. |
| Keywords: | costo-efectividad, compost, cambio climático, huella de carbono, quinua. |
| JEL: | Q12 Q13 Q18 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:adv:wpaper:202502 |
| By: | Yann Raineau (BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Cecile Aubert (BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Marianne Lefebvre (GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Pauline Pedehour (GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Keywords: | vin entreprises agriculture Expérimentation, Pesticides, Phytosanitaires, Viticulture, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Industrie viticole, « Entreprise(s) » |
| Date: | 2025–02–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04997048 |
| By: | Hötte, Kerstin; Jee, Su Jung; Burrell, Robert; Ring, Caoimhe |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we review the literature from law and economics on the nexus between IPRs and climate technology transfer and innovation in developing countries to summarise the empirical knowledge that exists to date. To complement the insights from the literature, we conduct twenty semi-structured interviews with experts in developing countries. The analyses are structured along the three areas where climate technology and IP may play a role, that is (1) international technology transfer (ITT), (2) indigenous innovation, and (3) follow-on adaptive innovation. |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2023-14 |
| By: | Alexander Wimmers; Christian von Hirschhausen; Fabian Präger; Claudia Kemfert; Josephine Hiepler; Claudia Humann; Pauline Kaiser; Andrea Lagoda; Theresa Lang; Leila Lubosch; Ruta Nonnenbroich; Henning Pahlke; Raphael Stiemke; Zoe Tercier; Alexander Buschner |
| Abstract: | Even after the closure of the last commercial nuclear power plants in Germany, substantial challenges of the nuclear legacy remain. Nuclear power plants must be decommissioned, and remaining nuclear waste must be storaed safely for the coming millenia. With the de facto delay in the selection of a site for a deep geological repository for high-level radioactive waste in Germany until the second half of this century, the German legislators’ focus is shifting towards a so-called long-term interim storage facilities of this waste. Today, most of the high-level radioactive waste is stored at the 16 decentralized interim storage facilities, mostly located at the sites of former nuclear power plants. The first operating licenses will expire within the next ten years. This results in unresolved questions about the safe long-term interim storage of radioactive waste in Germany. This data documentation provides a comprehensive introduction to the terminology of nuclear waste disposal and an overview of the current stocks in German interim storage facilities, including low-, intermediate, and high-level wastes. It highlights the discrepancies between the data provided by the various stakeholders at individual sites and discusses key challenges, particularly with regard to pending new licenses. Furthermore, this data documentation serves as a reference work for the film “Einfach mal (zwischen)lagern” (see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GWjAWtBdxOg), which was published as a study project. Auch nach der Abschaltung der letzten kommerziellen Kernkraftwerke in Deutschland ist die Atomwende noch nicht abgeschlossen: Nach der Abschaltung folgt der Rückbau der Kernkraftwerke und die Herausforderungen der sicheren Entsorgung der nuklearen Abfälle müssen bewältigt werden. Mit der de-facto Verzögerung der Standortauswahl für ein tiefengeologisches Endlager für hochradioaktive Abfälle in Deutschland in die zweite Hälfte dieses Jahrhunderts rückt die Zwischenlagerung dieser Abfälle in den Fokus. Heute lagern die meisten hochradioaktiven Abfälle in den 16 dezentralen Zwischenlagern, zumeist an den Standorten der ehemaligen Kernkraftwerke und erste Betriebsgenehmigungen laufen in den kommenden zehn Jahren aus. Dies resultiert in ungeklärten Fragen zur sicheren Langzeitzwischenlagerung der radioaktiven Abfälle in Deutschland. Diese Data Documentation stellt eine umfassende Einführung in die Terminologie der nuklearen Entsorgung und einen Überblick über die aktuellen Bestände (schwach-, mittel- und hochradioaktive Abfälle) in deutschen Zwischenlagern dar. Dabei werden an einzelnen Standorten die Diskrepanzen zwischen den zur Verfügung gestellten Daten der verschiedenen Akteure herausgearbeitet und wesentliche Herausforderungen, insb. hinsichtlich der anstehenden Neugenehmigungen, thematisiert. Weiterhin dient diese Data Documentation als Nachschlagewerk für den als Studienprojekt veröffentlichten Film „Einfach mal (zwischen)lagern“ (siehe https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GWjAWtBd xOg). |
| Keywords: | Radioaktive Abfälle, Zwischenlager, Zwischenlagerung, Deutschland, Brennelementelagerung, CASTOR // Nuclear waste management, interim waste storage, Germany, spent fuel, CASTOR |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwddc:dd110 |
| By: | Valentine Erné-Heintz (CERDACC - Centre européen de recherche sur le risque, le droit des accidents collectifs et des catastrophes - CERDACC - UR3992 - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar, IDEES - Identité et Différenciation de l’Espace, de l’Environnement et des Sociétés - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - ULH - Université Le Havre Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRIHS - Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université) |
| Abstract: | Nuclear power is at the crossroads of science and society, because of the scale of the economic, political, social, environmental and ethical challenges it poses. The issues exceed by far the concerns of the scientific and expert community, which have been reignited by recent debates on the European taxonomy. Nuclear power sparks fervent controversies, oppositions and conflicts within our society. In this context, the inquiry focuses on the ability to involve young citizens in the debate on the future of a territory subsequent to the shutdown of a nuclear power plant. The underlying hypothesis highlights the value of introducing a serious game into a controversial setting, and its ability to build consensus around a new trajectory. Consequently, after presenting the framework of our case study, we will analyze the results in order to understand how students from the local middle school take hold of the future of their territory, which happens to be a controversial nuclearized territory. |
| Abstract: | RésumésFrançais English Le nucléaire se trouve aux interactions entre sciences et société du fait de l'ampleur des défis économiques, politiques, sociaux, environnementaux et éthiques que cette technologie porte en elle. En effet, les questionnements qu'il suscite vont bien au-delà des questionnements scientifiques et de la communauté des experts que les débats récents autour de la taxonomie européenne ont ravivé. Le nucléaire génère des controverses passionnelles, des oppositions et des conflits dans la société. Dans ce contexte, la question porte sur la capacité à faire participer de jeunes citoyens dans le débat sur le devenir d'un territoire après la fermeture d'une centrale. L'hypothèse sous-jacente porte sur l'intérêt d'introduire un serious game dans un contexte controversé et sa capacité à faire émerger un consensus autour d'une nouvelle trajectoire. Ainsi, après avoir présenté le cadre de notre étude de cas, nous exposerons les résultats afin de comprendre comment de jeunes collégiens du territoire s'emparent du devenir de leur territoire, celui d'un territoire nucléarisé controversé.Nuclear power is at the crossroads of science and society, because of the scale of the economic, political, social, environmental and ethical challenges it poses. The issues exceed by far the concerns of the scientific and expert community, which have been reignited by recent debates on the European taxonomy. Nuclear power sparks fervent controversies, oppositions and conflicts SEARCHTout OpenEdition within our society. In this context, the inquiry focuses on the ability to involve young citizens in the debate on the future of a territory subsequent to the shutdown of a nuclear power plant. The underlying hypothesis highlights the value of introducing a serious game into a controversial setting, and its ability to build consensus around a new trajectory. Consequently, after presenting the framework of our case study, we will analyze the results in order to understand how students from the local middle school take hold of the future of their territory, which happens to be a controversial nuclearized territory. |
| Keywords: | transition serious game nucléaire gouvernance territoire transition serious game nuclear power governance territory, transition, serious game, nucléaire, gouvernance, territoire transition, nuclear power, governance, territory |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04992955 |
| By: | Manuel Bellanger (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Benjamin Dudouet (USC - Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain], AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sophie Gourguet (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Olivier Thébaud (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Lisa T Ballance (OSU - Oregon State University); Nicolas Becu (LIENSs - LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - ULR - La Rochelle Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Kathryn D Bisack; Annie Cudennec (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Fabienne Daurès (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sigrid Lehuta (DECOD - Dynamique et durabilité des écosystèmes : de la source à l’océan - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Rebecca Lent; C. Tara Marshall (University of Aberdeen); David Reid (Marine Institute [Ireland]); Vincent Ridoux (PELAGIS - Observatoire pour la Conservation de la Mégafaune Marine - LIENSs - LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - ULR - La Rochelle Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Dale Squires (UC San Diego - University of California [San Diego] - UC - University of California); Clara Ulrich (IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer) |
| Abstract: | Fisheries bycatch is one of the biggest threats to marine mammal populations and an important conservation and management problem worldwide. Conventional marine mammal bycatch mitigation approaches typically rely on top-down, command-and-control regulations that often fail to create desired incentives for fishers to avoid bycatch. There is growing recognition of the need to explore alternative approaches that encourage behavioral change through the creation of an appropriate set of incentivesboth economic and socialtowards bycatch reduction. This study introduces a practical framework that aims to evaluate a range of dimensions related to the feasibility and durability of incentive-based approaches to mitigate marine mammal bycatch. We use this framework to examine seven case studies where incentive-based measures have been implemented or proposed, demonstrating both its applicability in a variety of contexts and usefulness in ex-ante assessment of alternative bycatch mitigation options. Our analysis underscores important operational aspects to consider in implementing such approaches, including the need for fine-scale data collection, the importance of a credible threat such as a fishery closure or loss of market access, the involvement of fishers in solution development, and the pivotal role of collective organizations in addressing marine mammal bycatch issues which almost always are complex and multi-faceted. |
| Keywords: | Incentive-based management, Bycatch, Marine mammals, Marine conservation, Fisheries management, Economic and social incentives |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04992613 |
| By: | Darren Shannon; Jin Gong; Barry Sheehan |
| Abstract: | Public announcement dates are used in the green bond literature to measure equity market reactions to upcoming green bond issues. We find a sizeable number of green bond announcements were pre-dated by anonymous information leakages on the Bloomberg Terminal. From a candidate set of 2, 036 'Bloomberg News' and 'Bloomberg First Word' headlines gathered between 2016 and 2022, we identify 259 instances of green bond-related information being released before being publicly announced by the issuing firm. These pre-announcement leaks significantly alter the equity trading dynamics of the issuing firms over intraday and daily event windows. Significant negative abnormal returns and increased trading volumes are observed following news leaks about upcoming green bond issues. These negative investor reactions are concentrated amongst financial firms, and leaks that arrive pre-market or early in market trading. We find equity price movements following news leaks can be explained to a greater degree than following public announcements. Sectoral differences are also observed in the key drivers behind investor reactions to green bond leaks by non-financials (Tobin's Q and free cash flow) and financials (ROA). Our results suggest that information leakages have a strong impact on market behaviour, and should be accounted for in green bond literature. Our findings also have broader ramifications for financial literature going forward. Privileged access to financially material information, courtesy of the ubiquitous use of Bloomberg Terminals by professional investors, highlights the need for event studies to consider wider sets of communication channels to confirm the date at which information first becomes available. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2504.03311 |
| By: | Jun Yoshida; Tomoko Imoto; Tatsuhito Kono |
| Abstract: | Human–wildlife conflicts occur in many residential areas around the world, causing human injuries and outbreaks of zoonotic diseases. Governments have implemented policies, such as extermination, and construction of animal deterrent fences. When wildlife has a high biological value, we face a trade-off between the benefits of wildlife conservation and human safety. This study proposes a new policy of growing crops preferred by wildlife, rather than crops for human consumption, in part of the farmland, thereby attracting wildlife to the converted field and preventing them from entering residential areas. Using an ecosystemurban economics model, we compare multiple policies including the conversion policy in terms of social welfare, and show that, regardless of the wildlife value, the crop conversion policy can be the most efficient, and fences with land use regulation is the second most efficient policy. On the other hand, the commonly-used policy of extermination is not so effective because exterminating wildlife with a high biological value significantly reduces social welfare. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:toh:tupdaa:68 |
| By: | Jiakun Zheng (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Yanyin Li |
| Abstract: | This paper utilizes data from the 2017 China Household Finance Survey (CHFS) to examine the impact of loss aversion on individuals' willingness to relocate due to environmental concerns. We find that individuals who are more loss averse are less likely to consider moving, resulting in what is called the status-quo bias. In addition, we find that individuals with stronger family ties as measured by the number of siblings and higher household fixed assets are more susceptible to these effects, implying that they are more attached to their current place of residence and less likely to relocate.We thank Ling Zhou and one anonymous referee for constructive comments. |
| Keywords: | Family ties, Status-quo bias, Loss aversion, Willingness to relocate |
| Date: | 2024–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04991151 |
| By: | Ansari, Dawud; Gehrung, Rosa Melissa; Pepe, Jacopo Maria |
| Abstract: | Greater Asia is emerging as a major factor in the global energy transition. This shift is associated with growing independence from external actors such as the European Union and the United States, with unfolding developments increasingly concentrated within the region itself. Key trends include the monopolisation of critical raw materials, the formation of new alliances that intersect with new value chain interdependencies, and the adoption of innovative technologies like small modular nuclear reactors. At the same time, geopolitical tensions and crises have the potential to reshape the region and its energy transition. To remain relevant and effective in Asia, Germany and the EU need to ensure that their engagement is constructive and attuned. |
| Keywords: | Greater Asia, geopolitics, global energy transition, European Union, United States, monopolisation of critical raw materials, value chain interdependencies, adoption of innovative technologies, strategic foresight, geopoliticisation, militarisation |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:315527 |
| By: | Hellsmark, Hans; Rosenberg, Viktor Jonsson; Mäkitie, Tuukka; Folkesson, Elin |
| Abstract: | The emergence of the hydrogen economy is expected to play a central role in industrial decarbonization, yet little is known about how hydrogen transitions shape labor markets across sectors and regions. This paper examines the formation of hydrogen-related labor markets in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, using job postings as a proxy for recruitment activity. Drawing on socio-technical systems theory and cluster analysis, we identify emerging configurations of actors, competences, and regional specializations. Data was collected from national job portals between August 2023 and September 2024 and analyzed using unsupervised machine learning. Six labor market clusters were identified, showing distinct combinations of recruiting organizations, sectoral focus, and geographical distribution. Engineering jobs—comprising over 40% of the dataset—were also examined in a separate cluster analysis, revealing variation in recruitment needs across technical disciplines and national contexts. Findings suggest that labor market formation is deeply shaped by prior industrial specializations and policy frameworks. Norway’s labor market reflects its offshore energy legacy, dominated by consulting and engineering firms. Denmark shows a capital-concentrated, research-driven pattern, while Sweden’s job creation is led by large incumbents, particularly in energy utilities. The study demonstrates how labor market data can serve as an empirical window into early-stage socio-technical configurations in sustainability transitions. It highlights the potential of combining digital trace data and machine learning to understand regional, sectoral, and competence dynamics in emerging green economies. This approach advances the study of sectoral labor dynamics in energy transitions and offers tools for informing cross-sectoral policy and workforce planning. |
| Date: | 2025–04–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:4m3kg_v1 |
| By: | Jean Marie Cardebat (BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Olivier Bargain (BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Raphaël Chiappini (BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Taxes sur les alcools : face à Trump, l'Europe prise au piège de son excédent commercial |
| Keywords: | Chine, Union européenne (UE), Vin, États-Unis, Economie, Australie, Donald Trump, Alcool, Balance commerciale |
| Date: | 2025–03–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05005147 |
| By: | Arunava Patra; Joy Das Bairagya; Sagar Chakraborty |
| Abstract: | The symbiotic relationship between the frameworks of classical game theory and evolutionary game theory is well-established. However, evolutionary game theorists have mostly tapped into the classical game of complete information where players are completely informed of all other players' payoffs. Of late, there is a surge of interest in eco-evolutionary interactions where the environment's state is changed by the players' actions which, in turn, are influenced by the changing environment. However, in real life, the information about the true environmental state must pass through some noisy channel (like usually imperfect sensory apparatus of the players) before it is perceived by the players: The players naturally are prone to sometimes perceive the true state erroneously. Given the uncertain perceived environment, the players may adopt bet-hedging kind of strategies in which they play different actions in different perceptions. In a population of such ill-informed players, a player would be confused about the information state of her opponent, and an incomplete information situation akin to a Bayesian game surfaces. In short, we contemplate possibility of natural emergence of symbiotic relationship between the frameworks of Bayesian games and eco-evolutionary games when the players are equipped with inefficient sensory apparatus. Herein, we illustrate this connection using a setup of infinitely large, well-mixed population of players equipped with two actions for exploiting a resource (the environment) at two different rates so that the resource state evolves accordingly. The state of the resource impacts every player's decision of playing particular action. We investigate continuous state environment in the presence of a Gaussian noisy channel. Employing the formalism of replicator dynamics, we find that noisy information can be effective in preventing resource from going extinct. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2504.02399 |
| By: | Congluo Xu; Yu Miao; Yiling Xiao; Chengmengjia Lin |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes DeepGreen, an Large Language Model Driven (LLM-Driven) system for detecting corporate green-washing behaviour. Utilizing dual-layer LLM analysis, DeepGreen preliminarily identifies potential green keywords in financial statements and then assesses their implementation degree via iterative semantic analysis of LLM. A core variable GreenImplement is derived from the ratio from the two layers' output. We extract 204 financial statements of 68 companies from A-share market over three years, comprising 89, 893 words, and analyse them through DeepGreen. Our analysis, supported by violin plots and K-means clustering, reveals insights and validates the variable against the Huazheng ESG rating. It offers a novel perspective for regulatory agencies and investors, serving as a proactive monitoring tool that complements traditional methods.Empirical tests show that green implementation can significantly boost the asset return rate of companies, but there is heterogeneity in scale. Small and medium-sized companies have limited contribution to asset return via green implementation, so there is a stronger motivation for green-washing. |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2504.07733 |