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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Kirsten Hund; Daniele La Porta; Thao P Fabregas; Tim Laing; John Drexhage |
| Keywords: | Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Environment-Climate Change Impacts |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40002 |
| By: | Boris Ton Van Zanten; Gonzalo Gutierrez Goizueta; Luke Mckinnon Brander; Borja Gonzalez Reguero; Robert Griffin; Kavita Kapur Macleod; Alida Ivana Alves Beloqui; Amelia Midgley; Luis Diego Herrera Garcia; Brenden Jongman |
| Keywords: | Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Environment-Climate Change and Environment Environment-Pollution Management & Control |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39811 |
| By: | Koundouri, Phoebe; Alamanos, Angelos; Arampatzidis, Ioannis; Devves, Stathis; Sachs, Jeffrey D. |
| Abstract: | Achieving climate-neutrality is a global imperative that demands coordinated efforts from both science and robust policies supporting a smooth transition across multiple sectors. However, the interdisciplinary and complex science-to-policy nature of this effort makes it particularly challenging for several countries. Greece has set ambitious goals across different policies; however, their progress is often debated. For the first time, we simulated a scenario representing Greece’s climate-neutrality goals drawing upon its main relevant energy, agricultural and water policies, and compared it with a ‘current accounts’ scenario by 2050. The results indicate that most individual policies have the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions across all sectors of the economy (residential, industrial, transportation, services, agriculture, and energy production). However, their implementation seems to be based on economic and governance assumptions that often overlook sectoral interdependencies, infrastructure constraints, and social aspects, hindering progress towards a unified and more holistic sustainable transition. |
| Keywords: | Climate Neutrality; Energy-emissions modelling; LEAP; FABLE Calculator; MaritimeGCH; WaterReqGCH; Decarbonization; Greece. |
| JEL: | Q28 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124146 |
| By: | amayed, Yasser |
| Abstract: | Résumé : La transition énergétique est un enjeu stratégique pour la Tunisie, confrontée à une forte dépendance aux énergies fossiles et à la nécessité de réduire ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES). Cette étude analyse l’impact des politiques énergétiques sur les émissions de CO₂ et la durabilité économique à l’aide d’un modèle ARDL. Les résultats révèlent qu’à court terme, la croissance économique augmente les émissions de CO₂, traduisant une forte dépendance aux combustibles fossiles. À long terme, une hausse de la consommation d’énergies renouvelables réduit significativement ces émissions, tandis que la consommation énergétique globale reste le principal facteur d’augmentation des GES. Ces observations soulignent l’urgence d’accélérer la diversification du mix énergétique, d’investir dans des infrastructures durables et de mettre en place des réformes institutionnelles pour une transition énergétique efficace et durable. Abstract : The energy transition constitutes a strategic issue for Tunisia, which faces a considerable reliance on fossil fuels and the necessity to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study utilises an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyse the impact of energy policies on CO₂ emissions and economic sustainability. The findings indicate that in the short term, economic growth is associated with an increase in CO₂ emissions, reflecting a significant reliance on fossil fuels. However, in the long term, an increase in the consumption of renewable energy has been shown to have a significant effect in reducing CO2 emissions, although overall energy consumption remains the main driver of GHG emissions. These observations underscore the pressing need for the urgent acceleration of the diversification of the energy mix, the investment in sustainable infrastructure, and the implementation of institutional reforms for an efficient and sustainable energy transition. |
| Keywords: | Mots clés : Transition énergétique, Tunisie, émissions de CO₂, énergies renouvelables, développement durable, modèle ardl. Key words: Energy transition, Tunisia, CO₂ emissions, renewable energy, sustainable development, , ARDL model. |
| JEL: | Q5 |
| Date: | 2025–02–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124142 |
| By: | Shahzad, Qaisar; Aruga, Kentaka |
| Abstract: | This study addresses the critical issue of climate change awareness in Pakistan by evaluating the Pakistani citizens’ willingness to adopt energy reforms to reduce CO2 emissions. Using best-worst scaling, we examined five key attributes important for reforming the Pakistan energy policy: CO2 emission reduction, energy independence, employment impact, transition time, and changes in energy price. The findings reveal a strong preference for reducing CO2 emissions, enhancing energy independence, increasing employment, and accelerating policy implementation. Meanwhile, Pakistan residents revealed concerns about potential increases in energy bills. The analysis showed that male, urban, educated, full-time employed, middle-aged (35-44), married individuals with children, high-income, and environmentally conscious respondents were more willing to trade-off for CO2 reduction. In contrast, apprehension about potential job losses and higher energy bills was prevalent across all subgroups. The study recommends diversifying energy sources, including nuclear and hydro-energy, as a strategic approach to balance environmental goals with economic stability in Pakistan. These insights into public energy policy preferences can inform policymakers and researchers in similar developing countries of sustainable energy strategies. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emission, Unemployment, Trade-off, Energy reform |
| JEL: | Q4 Q48 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–02–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124119 |
| By: | World Bank Group |
| Keywords: | Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40024 |
| By: | World Bank Group |
| Keywords: | Environment-Climate Change and Environment Environment-Climate Change Impacts |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39782 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39719 |
| By: | World Bank Group |
| Keywords: | Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Environment-Climate Change Impacts |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40023 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Environment-Climate Change and Environment Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Economic Growth |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39588 |
| By: | World Bank Group |
| Keywords: | Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Environment-Climate Change Impacts Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39750 |
| By: | Alistair McIlgorm; Jian Xie |
| Keywords: | Environment-Coastal and Marine Environment |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39547 |
| By: | Ollila, Saana (Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI)); Bratt Börjesson, Maria (Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI)); Proost, Stef (KU Leuven) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines carbon pricing in the international shipping sector, considering that the benefits from shipping trade and the willingness to pay (WTP) for reducing carbon emissions vary among countries. Given each country’s WTP for reducing carbon emissions, we derive optimal carbon pricing for three different cooperation scenarios and numerically illustrate their welfare effects for shipping trade between five major trading blocs (treated as countries). Full global cooperation provides a benchmark for the analysis. The focus of this study is on self-enforcing bilateral agreements, where we analyze two types of agreement: one with an equal allocation of tax revenues and one with a flexible allocation of tax revenues. We show what drives cooperation and how shipping trade volumes and shipping technologies respond to the agreements. Self-enforcing bilateral agreements between the five trading blocs could reduce emissions by three to seventeen percent compared to a baseline scenario with no emission reduction policies in place. The reduction in emissions is the result of a reduction of the volume of trade and implementation of abatement technologies. The high carbon abatement costs in shipping remain the main limitation for larger emission reductions. |
| Keywords: | Climate; shipping; international agreements; carbon taxes; Emissions Trading System; IMO |
| JEL: | F18 H23 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–04–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:vtiwps:2025_002 |
| By: | WANG, Hongming |
| Abstract: | Climate change is projected to increase global temperature and bring about more frequent and intense extreme events including compound extreme events with especially large damage to communities. This paper examines the mortality consequences of climate change across 22 climate change indicators that capture not only shifts in the mean and extremes of weather conditions, but also the amplification of weather extremes when they co-occur and interact in compound extreme events. Using data from 1718 Japan municipalities in 1980-2019, I identify the leading climate drivers of mortality in Japan and quantify the climate-mortality relationship drawing on model specifications selected by LASSO. In addition to temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and humidity amplification in heat-and-humidity extremes all have significant impacts on mortality, with larger, non-linear effects at the heat extremes of the temperature distribution and both high and low extremes of relative humidity. The mortality responses to heat are concentrated in urban municipalities with no evidence of adaptation between early and late periods of climate change, whereas the mortality responses to humidity amplification are stronger in rural municipalities and fully concentrated in the early period of climate change. Over the study period in 1980-2019, the average municipality in Japan experienced a cumulative mortality of 120 deaths per 10, 000 individuals from climate change, of which increases in temperatures contributed 129 deaths, increases in humidity amplification contributed 26 deaths, reductions in precipitation contributed 7 deaths, and reductions in relative humidity lowered mortality by 43 deaths. |
| Keywords: | climate change, mortality risk, population health, Japan |
| JEL: | I14 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–04–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hiasdp:hias-e-143 |
| By: | Xu, Mohan; Tang, Yao |
| Abstract: | In the current study, we document a steady rise in the share of renewable energy projects in China's outward direct investment (ODI) in the energy sector. We examine the driving forces and find that both host country's environmental regulation and financial factors has generated different or even opposite effects on China's ODI in fossil fuels and renewable energy. Specifically, China's ODI in fossil fuels is positively correlated with endowments in fossil fuels, electricity consumption, low financing costs, and high exchange rate volatility. In comparison, ODI in renewable energy is more likely to occur in host countries with stricter environmental regulation and less likely to be impeded by tighter monetary policy. The results suggest that the combination of regulatory policies and financing conditions can have an important influence in the global transition to renewable energy. |
| Keywords: | direct investment, fossil fuels, renewable energy, environmental regulation, monetary policy, exchange rate volatility |
| JEL: | E43 F21 Q40 |
| Date: | 2025–04–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124270 |
| By: | Marco A. Marini; Samuel Nocito |
| Abstract: | We investigate whether climate activism favors pro-environmental consumption by examining the impact of Fridays for Future (FFF) protests in Italy on second-hand automobile sales in rally-affected areas. Leveraging data on 10 million automobile transactions occurring before and after FFF mobilizations, we exploit rainfall on the day of the event as an exogenous source of attendance variation. Our findings reveal a reduction in both the total number of cars purchased and their average CO2 emissions, with an uptick in the market share of low-emission vehicles and a corresponding decrease in the market share of high-emission counterparts. We test for two potential mechanisms at work: one mediated by an increase in environmental awareness, the other induced by a rational anticipation of future stricter regulations. Empirical evidence suggests that the latter mechanism is generally more pronounced than the former. However, the first channel seems likely to be at work among individuals aged 18-25, a group that is potentially more involved in the FFF movement. |
| Keywords: | Fridays for Future, climate activism, green consumption, carbon emissions, automobiles |
| JEL: | D72 D12 Q53 R41 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11790 |
| By: | Luca Bettarelli; Davide Furceri; Prakash Loungani; Jonathan D. Ostry; Loredana Pisano |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we first test the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, using a large sample of approximately 190 advanced and developing countries, over a period of 34 years (1989-2022). We find that (CO 2 ) emissions respond positively to increasing income per capita, up to a turning point of approximately US$25, 000. In a departure from the previous literature, we allow the relationship between economic development and emissions to depend on the stringency of environmental regulation. |
| Keywords: | Kuznets, Climate change, Environmental policy, Carbon tax |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2025-18 |
| By: | Shahzad, Qaisar; Aruga, Kentaka |
| Abstract: | This study addresses the critical issue of climate change awareness in Pakistan by evaluating the Pakistani citizens’ willingness to adopt energy reforms to reduce CO2 emissions. Using best-worst scaling, we examined five key attributes important for reforming the Pakistan energy policy: CO2 emission reduction, energy independence, employment impact, transition time, and changes in energy price. The findings reveal a strong preference for reducing CO2 emissions, enhancing energy independence, increasing employment, and accelerating policy implementation. Meanwhile, Pakistan residents revealed concerns about potential increases in energy bills. The analysis showed that male, urban, educated, full-time employed, middle-aged (35-44), married individuals with children, high-income, and environmentally conscious respondents were more willing to trade-off for CO2 reduction. In contrast, apprehension about potential job losses and higher energy bills was prevalent across all subgroups. The study recommends diversifying energy sources, including nuclear and hydro-energy, as a strategic approach to balance environmental goals with economic stability in Pakistan. These insights into public energy policy preferences can inform policymakers and researchers in similar developing countries of sustainable energy strategies. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emission, Unemployment, Trade-off, Energy reform |
| JEL: | Q4 Q48 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–02–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124042 |
| By: | Mr. Nooman Rebei |
| Abstract: | Prevailing research suggests that climate change disproportionately burdens emerging markets and developing economies with greater output losses compared to advanced economies, positing that colder regions are less impacted than their warmer counterparts. This study revisits the empirical relationship between temperature fluctuations and real growth, with a novel focus on differentiating between transitory versus permanent temperature shifts, aligning naturally with the definitions of weather and climate change, respectively. Our findings reveal that richer and colder economies exhibit better adaptation only in response to weather shocks, whereas the pattern reverses for climate change disturbances, challenging the conclusions of previous studies. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Climate damages; Temporary and permanent shocks; Kalman filter; Bayesian estimation |
| Date: | 2025–02–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/042 |
| By: | Shahzad, Qaisar; Aruga, Kentaka |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes Pakistan's energy policies from 1990 to 2024, tracking their evolution from focusing on energy generation to an integrated approach emphasizing renewable energy and efficiency. Through a systematic literature review, the study evaluates policy effectiveness and identifies key implementation barriers. Early policies, such as the National Energy Conservation Policy (1992) and the Energy Policy (1994), prioritized generation capacity to meet energy security needs but paid limited attention to renewable sources or energy efficiency improvements. The policy landscape began to shift in the 2000s with the introduction of incentives for renewable energy and energy efficiency initiatives. Despite this progress, challenges related to short-term planning, inconsistent implementation, and an over-reliance on fossil fuels persist. Recent policies, such as the Alternative and Renewable Energy Policy (2019) and the National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Plan (2020-25), provide a comprehensive framework for promoting sustainable energy practices. However, persistent institutional, financial, and regulatory barriers limit their effectiveness. The paper recommends that Pakistan's energy strategy focus on long-term planning, strengthened fiscal incentives, and enhanced institutional support to align with global energy security and climate resilience standards. These recommendations aim to foster a sustainable energy future, advancing national energy security and environmental goals. |
| Keywords: | Energy Policy, Energy Efficiency, Environment, fossil fuel. |
| JEL: | Q5 Q51 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–12–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124077 |
| By: | Giacomo Ravaioli; Francesco Lamperti; Andrea Roventini; Tiago Domingos |
| Abstract: | Climate change and economic inequality are two critical and interlinked global challenges. The feasibility of jointly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and inequality has often been questioned. Here, we aim to test whether a properly designed mix of progressive and environmental fiscal policies can effectively reduce both while improving economic dynamics. We extend the DSK integrated-assessment agent-based model to combine an income class-based analysis of inequality with an improved accounting of emissions. We calibrate the model to the European Union and employ it to explore how fiscal policies can tackle the coevolution of income inequality and carbon emission. The results show that no single policy in our portfolio can simultaneously reduce inequality and emissions. Redistributing income increases aggregate consumption and hence emissions, whereas environmental taxes risk hampering economic growth and stability. In contrast, a combination of progressive fiscal policies, green subsidies to reduce carbon intensity of production and a mild carbon tax achieves both goals, while increasing employment, growth, stability and the consumption of low-income households. A potential trade-off emerges between increasing economic growth and reducing emissions, mediated by the extent to which green innovations lead to higher productivity. In conclusion, our results show that moving towards a sustainable and inclusive economy needs the co-design of distributive, innovation and mitigation policies. |
| Keywords: | climate policies, inequality, mitigation, just transition, ecological macroeconomics, agent-based modelling |
| Date: | 2025–04–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2025/14 |
| By: | Cicilia A. Harun (Bank Indonesia); Danny Hermawan (Bank Indonesia); Arnita Rishanty (Bank Indonesia); Matias Judatama Partahi (Bank Indonesia); Justina Adamanti (Bank Indonesia); Ramdani (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | As one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, understanding climate risks and impact to Indonesia is of great importance. Risks from climate change are split into two groups: physical risks, risks originating from natural disasters, and transition risks, risks that come from transitioning away from usage of greenhouse gasses. Both of these risks are going through an unprecedented pace, giving nonlinear and disproportionate impacts that are also ultimately transmitted to the economy and financial system. Thus, this research tries to understand and explore the transmission channels and possible outcomes from various scenarios using Bayesian networks. By modelling these risks and transmissions through Bayesian networks, we capture the probabilistic dependencies and interactions among macroeconomic variables, climate risks, and the financial system. This approach enables the uncertainty regarding climate risks to be represented. Results show the possible impacts of various risks and scenarios, with low risks contributing to low change to the economy while high risks lead to high change. These findings underscore the need for urgent and effective policy tools to mitigate the negative effects of climate change to the economy while also ensuring sustainable economic growth and stability. This study contributes by developing transmission channels from climate risks to Indonesia’s economy and assessing those risks through exercises using Bayesian Networks, offering a new method for climate risk assessments. |
| Keywords: | Climate risk, stress test, scenario analysis, Bayesian Networks |
| JEL: | C11 D81 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp072024 |
| By: | Francesco Lamperti; Giovanni Dosi; Andrea Roventini |
| Abstract: | Climate change stands as one of the most formidable challenges in the twenty-first century. Despite this, our understanding of the unfolding and interconnection of climate-related physical and transitional risks, and their implications for socioeconomic dynamics along various transition pathways, remains insufficient. This deficit of understanding echoes throughout the formulation of effective climate change policies. In this context, our chapter emphasizes the need for a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach to address climate change. Such an approach must (1) credibly encompass the immense risks that global warming exerts on the Earth system; (2) account for the intricate processes of technical change and technology diffusion that are at the core of the low-carbon transition; (3) allow the percolation of risks and opportunities across sectors and regions; (4) account for behavioral change in consumption dynamics; and (5) allow testing of a wide range of climate policies and their robustness. Complex-systems science offers distinct vantage points for framing the intricate climate challenge. While outlining current research gaps, we argue that the current generation of climate-economy models rooted in complex systems provides a promising starting point to fill these gaps. We delve into a series of findings that evaluate the material impact of climate risks on economic and financial stability and explore alternative trajectories for policy implementation. Our analysis underscores the ability of complex-systems models to account for the extreme costs of climate change and the emergence of critical tipping points, wherein unmitigated emissions lead to free-falling declines in long-term growth and catalyze financial and economic instability. Given such findings, we argue that a complex-systems perspective on climate change advocates for stricter and earlier policy interventions than do traditional climate economy models. These policies can transform the seemingly antithetical objectives of decarbonization and economic growth in standard models into complementary ones. We assert that a combination of regulation and green industrial policies can nurture eco-friendly investments and foster technological innovation, thus steering the economy onto a zero-carbon sustainable growth pathway. These results challenge conventional precepts in the realm of cost-benefit climate economics and offer the building blocks for a more robust and realistic framing of the climate challenge. |
| Keywords: | climate change, complex system, agent-based modeling, decarbonization, climate risk |
| Date: | 2025–04–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2025/16 |
| By: | Drago, Carlo; Arnone, Massimo; Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | The paper examines nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from an Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) standpoint with a combination of econometric and machine learning specifications to uncover global trends and policy implications. Results show the overwhelming effect of ESG factors on emissions, with intricate interdependencies between economic growth, resource productivity, and environmental policy. Econometric specifications identify forest degradation, energy intensity, and income inequality as the most significant determinants of N₂O emissions, which are in need of policy attention. Machine learning enhances predictive power insofar as emission drivers and country-specific trends are identifiable. Through the integration of panel data techniques and state-of-the-art clustering algorithms, the paper generates a highly differentiated picture of emission trends, separating country groups by ESG performance. The findings of the study are that while developed nations have better energy efficiency and environmental governance, they remain significant contributors to N₂O emissions due to intensive industry and agriculture. Meanwhile, developing economies with energy intensity have structural impediments to emissions mitigation. The paper also identifies the contribution of regulatory quality in emission abatement in that the quality of governance is found to be linked with better environmental performance. ESG-based finance instruments, such as green bonds and impact investing, also promote sustainable economic transition. The findings have the further implications of additional arguments for mainstreaming sustainability in economic planning, developing ESG frameworks to underpin climate targets. |
| Date: | 2025–03–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:4r8ux_v1 |
| By: | Marzouk, Osama A. |
| Abstract: | This study provides a summary about various motor vehicle models tested at the National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), or tested by vehicle manufacturers with EPA’s oversight. The dataset contained 46, 147 records (as of April 27, 2023) for many vehicle models, corresponding to model years between 1984 and 2024. A subset of the most-recent records in the dataset was analyzed here. This subset has 1357 records for model years 2023 and 2024. These records were divided into 6 groups based on the energy source(s) as 993 conventional gasoline-only, 193 unplugged hybrid electric, 113 battery electric, 22 diesel-powered, 20 plug-in hybrid, and 16 dual-fuel ethanol-gasoline. Averages of multiple performance metrics for each group were computed. These vehicle performance metrics help in identifying green vehicles releasing no (or little) tailpipe emissions, or in identifying economic vehicles conserving (paid) energy. Ten green vehicle metrics are covered here. The most important of them is the released grams of tailpipe carbon dioxide per kilometer of driving (or per mile). The overall average of this metric for all analyzed records was 231.0 gCO2/km (corresponding to 371.7 gCO2/mi). With a standard combined driving mode (55% city, 45% highway), 1 L of liquid fuel (gasoline/petrol, diesel, or E85 ethanol-gasoline blend) or a standard equivalent electric energy of 8.90 kWh (32.0 MJ) is consumed by an average vehicle for traveling a distance of 12.4 km (corresponding to 29.3 miles per US gallon of gasoline-equivalent, or MPGe). |
| Date: | 2024–04–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:9d5by_v1 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Environment-Coastal and Marine Environment Environment-Marine Environment Water Resources-Coastal and Marine Resources Water Supply and Sanitation-Waste Disposal & Utilization |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39804 |
| By: | Gannon, Kate; Eskander, Shaikh M.S.U.; Avila Uribe, Antonio; Castellano, Elena; Diop, Mamadou; Agol, Dorice |
| Abstract: | Literature on gender and climate change adaptation tends to propose that women are both especially vulnerable to climate change and especially valuable to climate change adaptation, but these ideas have been little considered in the context of adaptation within small businesses and have rarely been tested through quantitative empirical analysis. This paper responds to this gap within existing literature and explores how female representation in the ownership or management structures of micro and small businesses shapes firm-level adaptive capacity, as implied through adaptation behaviour. Using firm-level survey data from semi-arid regions of Senegal and Kenya, we employ a Poisson regression model to empirically investigate how female representation in ownership and management of micro and small businesses affects adoption of firm-level sustainable and unsustainable adaptation strategies, with increasing exposure to extreme weather events. Our results show that businesses with female leadership that faced a larger number of extreme events adopt more sustainable and fewer unsustainable strategies than those with only male leadership. We interpret this result recognising that unsustainable adaptation strategies, such as selling business assets, require access to business assets and resources and thus are an outcome of a business’ coping capacity. Consistent with literature, we then identify that adaptation assistance can mitigate some of the harmful effects of climate shocks and additionally support micro and small businesses with female leadership to adopt more adaptation strategies (both sustainable and unsustainable) – and to a greater extent than businesses with only male leadership. Results evidence the value and efficiency of developing an inclusive business enabling environment for adaptation that targets women entrepreneurs, not just for delivering on equitable climate justice agendas, but also for strategic upscaling of resilience. |
| Keywords: | private sector adaptation to climate change; micro and small businesses; women and entrepreneurs; gender and climate resilience; Sub-Saharan Africa; UKRI fund |
| JEL: | Q54 O17 |
| Date: | 2025–03–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:127526 |
| By: | World Bank Group |
| Keywords: | Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40025 |
| By: | Marina Albanese; Guglielmo Maria Caporale; Ida Colella; Nicola Spagnolo |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effects of climate policies and energy shocks on mean and volatility spillovers between green and brown stock price indices in five countries (Canada, India, Japan, the UK and the US). More specifically, bivariate GARCH-BEKK models including dummy variables controlling for these shocks are estimated using weekly series with start dates ranging from 13 March 2009 to 24 August 2012 (depending on data availability for the green index) and an end date of 29 December 2023. Significant dynamic linkages between green and brown indices are found when climate policy and oil shocks are considered jointly. Some common patterns emerge, such as shifts in spillover dynamics between green and brown assets, but also country-specific effects of the climate policy shocks which reflect differences in regulatory frameworks and policies. By contrast, energy shocks tend to have a more uniform impact. Further, the interaction between climate policy and energy shocks weakens cross-market linkages, enhancing portfolio diversification opportunities for green investors. The conditional correlation analysis confirms this finding, suggesting that green stocks can be used as an effective hedge. These results highlight the benefits of incorporating green assets into diversified portfolios, particularly in financial centers where, in recent years, they have offered higher returns and lower volatility. |
| Keywords: | brown stocks, green stocks, VAR, GARCH-BEKK, climate policy shocks, energy shocks, spillovers |
| JEL: | C33 G12 G18 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11747 |
| By: | Jonathan Cognard (Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, LESSEM, F-38402 St-Martin-d'Hères, France); Lucas Berard-Chenu (ESTHUA, Université Angers, CNRS, ESO, SFR CONFLUENCES, Angers, France); Yves Schaeffer (Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, LESSEM, F-38402 St-Martin-d'Hères, France); Hugues François (Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, LESSEM, F-38402 St-Martin-d'Hères, France) |
| Abstract: | Snowmaking is the primary adaptation of winter tourism to climate change and requires increased water use in winter. However, water withdrawals during this period coincide with the mountain low-flow period, which can potentially cause conflicts with other human uses and ecosystems. To address concerns about water availability, the number of reservoirs is increasing. Ski lift operators promote these reservoirs as environmentally beneficial under their 'ecological engagement' commitments, arguing that they reduce the impact of snowmaking by shifting some water withdrawals to periods outside the low-flow season. In theory, mountain reservoirs should therefore support both economic activity and environmental sustainability. Using econometric analysis of data from 35 ski resorts across nine seasons, we show that reservoirs significantly increase water withdrawals during the low-flow period. By employing maximum likelihood estimation of fixed-effects dynamic panel data models, we find that a 1 % increase in reservoir capacity leads to a 0.28 % short-term increase in low-flow withdrawals (0.4 % in the long term), ceteris paribus. These findings inform ongoing discussions to ensure that current socioeconomic decisions do not lead to future water use conflicts in mountain socio-ecological systems. |
| Keywords: | Water resources Artificial snow Rebound effect Water use Jevons paradox Ski tourism |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04998301 |
| By: | António Afonso; José Alves; João Jalles; Sofia Monteiro |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of natural disasters on fiscal and external sustainability across 134 economies from 1980 to 2023. We adopt a two-step approach: first, we estimate country-specific, time-varying sustainability coefficients; second, we assess their determinants using Weighted Least Squares panel regressions with fixed effects. To complement the long-run analysis, we employ local projections to capture the short-term dynamics following disaster-related mortality, vulnerability, and resilience shocks. Results show that natural disasters weaken fiscal sustainability, particularly in emerging and vulnerable economies. Vulnerability exacerbates fiscal and external fragility, while resilience mitigates adverse effects on public accounts. Local projections reveal that fiscal sustainability deteriorates significantly in the medium term after disaster shocks, whereas external sustainability responses are more muted and heterogeneous. Together, these findings highlight the importance of combining long- and short-run approaches to understand how climate shocks propagate through macroeconomic channels and to inform adaptive, risk-sensitive fiscal policy frameworks. |
| Keywords: | Fiscal Sustainability, External Sustainability, Climate Risk, Natural Disasters, Local Projections, Weighted Least Squares. |
| JEL: | E62 F32 H63 O23 Q54 C33 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:remwps:wp03752025 |
| By: | Amayed, Yasser |
| Abstract: | Résumé : Cet article examine l’impact de la digitalisation, des recettes fiscales environnementales et des capacités énergétiques sur la qualité environnementale en Afrique du Nord, en se concentrant sur l’Égypte, le Maroc et la Tunisie. En s’appuyant sur la courbe environnementale de Kuznets, l’étude intègre l’essor des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) et la fiscalité verte pour analyser leur influence sur la relation entre croissance économique et dégradation environnementale. À l’aide d’un modèle CS-ARDL, l’analyse distingue les effets à court et long terme. Les résultats montrent qu’une hausse du PIB entraîne d’abord une augmentation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Toutefois, au-delà d’un seuil critique, la fiscalité environnementale et l’amélioration des infrastructures énergétiques et numériques réduisent progressivement ces émissions. Ces résultats soulignent que la transformation numérique, combinée à une fiscalité verte efficace et aux technologies émergentes (IA, IoT, réalité augmentée et virtuelle), constitue un levier stratégique pour atténuer l’impact environnemental d’une croissance soutenue en Afrique du Nord. |
| Abstract: | The present article examines the impact of digitization, environmental tax revenues and energy capacity on environmental quality in North Africa, focusing on Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia. Utilising the Kuznets environmental curve, the study integrates the rise of information and communication technologies (ICT) and green taxation to analyse their influence on the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. Utilising a CS-ARDL model, the analysis differentiates between short- and long-term effects. The study's findings indicate that an augmentation in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is associated with an initial escalation in greenhouse gas emissions. However, beyond a critical threshold, the implementation of environmental taxation, coupled with the advancement of energy and digital infrastructures, leads to a gradual decline in these emissions. The findings emphasise that digital transformation, in conjunction with effective green taxation and emerging technologies (AI, IoT, augmented and virtual reality), can serve as a strategic lever for mitigating the environmental impact of sustained growth in North Africa. |
| Keywords: | Mots-clés : Digitalisation, fiscalité verte, capacités énergétiques, qualité environnementale, Afrique du Nord, CS‑ARDL; Digitalization, green taxation, energy capacity, environmental quality, North Africa, CS-ARDL |
| JEL: | Q5 |
| Date: | 2025–03–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124127 |
| By: | Olimpia Cutinelli-Rendina; Sonja Dobkowitz; Antoine Mayerowitz |
| Abstract: | How do firms respond to greener household preferences? We construct a novel index of environmental willingness to act on the state-quarter level based on Google Trends search data. Relating the index to firm-level information on the U.S. auto- motive sector from 2006 to 2019, we find ambiguous results. On average, firms innovate more in electric, hydrogen, and hybrid (clean) technologies and reduce combustion engine-related (dirty) innovation over time. However, firms also increase anti-environmental lobbying expenditures. We show that firms with a dirtier product portfolio tend to lobby more against stricter environmental regulation but also reduce R&D investment in dirty technologies to a greater extent. Firms’ reactions to greener household preferences are stronger and more persistent than responses to higher fuel prices. Moreover, greener preferences have the additional effect of lowering innovation in dirty technologies. We interpret these results as evidence that shifts in household preferences are highly effective in promoting a market-based green transition. However, they also imply more anti-environmental lobbying, thereby complicating environmental policymaking. |
| Keywords: | Green Household Preferences, Directed Technical Change, Environmental Lobbying |
| JEL: | D9 D70 O3 P28 Q55 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp2115 |
| By: | Olimpia Cutinelli-Rendina (LaRGE Research Center, Université de Strasbourg); Sonja Dobkowitz (DIW Berlin); Antoine Mayerowitz |
| Abstract: | How do firms respond to greener household preferences? We construct a novel index of environmental willingness to act on the state-quarter level based on Google Trends search data. Relating the index to firm-level information on the U.S. automotive sector from 2006 to 2019, we find ambiguous results. On average, firms innovate more in electric, hydrogen, and hybrid (clean) technologies and reduce combustion engine-related (dirty) innovation over time. However, firms also increase anti-environmental lobbying expenditures. We show that firms with a dirtier product portfolio tend to lobby more against stricter environmental regulation but also reduce R&D investment in dirty technologies to a greater extent. Firms’ reactions to greener household preferences are stronger and more persistent than responses to higher fuel prices. Moreover, greener preferences have the additional effect of lowering innovation in dirty technologies. We interpret these results as evidence that shifts in household preferences are highly effective in promoting a market-based green transition. However, they also imply more anti-environmental lobbying, thereby complicating environmental policymaking. |
| Keywords: | Green Household Preferences, Directed Technical Change, Environmental Lobbying. |
| JEL: | D9 D70 O3 P28 Q55 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lar:wpaper:2025-01 |
| By: | World Bank Group |
| Keywords: | Public Sector Development-Climate Change Policy and Regulation Private Sector Development-Private Sector Economics Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40006 |
| By: | Bård Harstad; Anke Kessler; Anke S. Kessler |
| Abstract: | We study how international environmental agreements can take advantage of domestic time-inconsistency problems. Policymakers often prefer future policies to be sustainable, but are tempted to invest less when being in office. We find the equilibrium number of signatory countries to be higher than when preferences are time consistent, especially when the political environment is unstable and polarized and the international spillovers are limited. This model also explains participation in treaties whose mandates do not vary with the coalition size and why the coalition will not unravel if, for example, the US exits the Paris Agreement. |
| Keywords: | international treaties, time inconsistency, self-commitment, environmental policy |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 H87 F53 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11744 |
| By: | Emilio Colombo; Alessia De Santo; Francesco Trentini |
| Abstract: | Green jobs and skills are pivotal to global and European efforts toward an environmentally sustainable economy and climate neutrality. Understanding their characteristics is vital for designing policies that address workforce challenges during this transition. Existing literature often analyzes green jobs using occupations as a proxy, either categorizing entire occupations as green or assigning greenness scores based on tasks. This study extends the analysis by focusing on green skills, leveraging data from Eurostat’s Web Intelligence Hub on Online Job Advertisements (OJA). This dataset allows us to observe skill requirements at the job advertisement level, revealing heterogeneity within occupations. We analyze green OJAs—ads featuring at least one green skill—at the ISCO IV-digit level across 26 European countries (2019–2023). We find that green OJAs are linked to higher education requirements, higher wages, and lower experience demands. Additionally, introducing an occupation greenness score, we find that green OJAs in brown occupations (jobs with zero greenness) also command a wage premium. The granularity of our data allows us to provide evidence on the specificity of skill bundles for green occupations, differences in skill demand at the extensive and intensive margin, and complementarities between green skills and other skill types. More specifically green OJAs emphasize social, communication, and management skills. They also rely more on distinctive, specialized cognitive and manual skills. |
| JEL: | J21 J24 J63 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dis:wpaper:dis2503 |
| By: | Khairul Aidil Azlin Abd Rahman ("Department of Industrial Design, Faculty of Design and Architecture, Universiti Putra, Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia " Author-2-Name: Yan He Author-2-Workplace-Name: "Department of Industrial Design, Faculty of Design and Architecture, Universiti Putra, Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia " Author-3-Name: Nazlina Shaari Author-3-Workplace-Name: "Department of Industrial Design, Faculty of Design and Architecture, Universiti Putra, Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia " Author-4-Name: Irwan Syah Md Yusoff Author-4-Workplace-Name: "Department of Industrial Design, Faculty of Design and Architecture, Universiti Putra, Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia " Author-5-Name: Mingrun Wang Author-5-Workplace-Name: "Department of Industrial Design, Faculty of Design and Architecture, Universiti Putra, Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia " Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - The purpose of this research is to propose a sustainable consumption design (SCD) approach that emphasizes consumer behavior in the use of product-service systems (PSS), utilizing the SIPS (sympathize, identify, participate, share, and spread) model. The research aims to address gaps in existing studies that focus predominantly on product design without considering the full consumer behaviour path, particularly in the context of social media and the digital economy. Methodology - This study utilised a theoretical framework based on the SIPS model, integrating consumer behaviour with the design of PSS. The approach was applied in the development of a serious game, Environmental Defender, and its dissemination on the Douyin (TikTok) platform. The research involved a qualitative analysis of how consumer behaviour influences sustainable consumption and the effectiveness of the SCD approach in real-world applications. Findings - The findings revealed that the SCD approach, grounded in consumer behaviour, led to significant improvements in environmental, social, and economic sustainability. The serious game, Environmental Defender, successfully educated users about marine pollution and encouraged active participation in environmental protection, resulting in the spontaneous dissemination of the game via social media. The framework reduced the environmental impact and minimised marketing costs, further demonstrating the model's efficacy in promoting sustainable consumption. Novelty - The originality of this research lies in the application of the SIPS model to the entire consumer behaviour life cycle in the context of sustainable consumption. Unlike traditional approaches that focus solely on product design, this study integrates consumer behavior and digital platforms to achieve greater sustainability. The study also presents an innovative dissemination strategy for serious games, offering a minimal environmental footprint and high engagement. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Sustainable consumption design, SIPS model, serious games, consumer behaviour, product-service systems, social media, sustainability |
| JEL: | D11 E21 |
| Date: | 2025–03–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jber255 |
| By: | World Bank Group |
| Keywords: | Environment-Climate Change and Environment Environment-Environmental Governance |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39820 |
| By: | Philippe Aghion; Timo Boppart; Michael Peters; Matthew Schwartzman; Fabrizio Zilibotti |
| Abstract: | We develop and quantify a growth theory where consumers' preferences are defined over products with varying environmental impacts. Preferences are non-homothetic: Necessities are intensive in material inputs whose production leads to high emissions, while luxury goods, being more reliant on services, exhibit a comparatively lower environmental footprint. Directed innovation is the focal point of the study: it can be aimed at either enhancing the productivity of material production or refining the quality of luxury goods. Over time, innovation increasingly prioritizes quality improvement, consequently reducing the environmental impact of economic growth. The pace of structural transformation and the composition of GDP are both endogenous and susceptible to policy interventions. The shift towards quality-oriented growth may result in a decline in (mis)measured GDP growth without a decrease in welfare. Extending the model to a two-country trade scenario reveals that trade barriers could have a detrimental effect on environmental sustainability. |
| Keywords: | environmental impact, sustainability, degrowth |
| Date: | 2025–03–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2086 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39861 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Water Resources-Coastal and Marine Resources Environment-Coastal and Marine Environment Environment-Pollution Management & Control Agriculture-Fisheries & Aquaculture |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39801 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Energy-Energy Finance Energy-Renewable Energy Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases Finance and Financial Sector Development-Access to Finance |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39689 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Conflict and Development-Conflict and Fragile States Environment-Climate Change Impacts |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39564 |
| By: | Ella Jisun Kim; Grace Henry; Monica Jain |
| Keywords: | Urban Development-Urban Environment Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39749 |
| By: | Markus Dertwinkel-Kalt; Max R. P. Grossmann |
| Abstract: | When environmental regulations are unpopular, policymakers often attribute resistance to information frictions and poor communication. We test this idea in the context of a major climate policy: Germany’s Heating Law of 2023, which mandates the phase-out of fossil fuel heating. Through a survey experiment with property owners, we examine whether providing comprehensive information about the regulation’s costs, requirements, and timeline affects adoption decisions and policy support. Despite successfully increasing factual knowledge, information provision has no significant effect on intended technology adoption, policy support, or incentivized measures of climate preferences. Instead, pre-existing environmental preferences and demographic characteristics emerge as the key predictors of responses to the regulation. A feeling that existing systems still work well and cost considerations dominate fossil fuel users’ stated reasons for non-adoption, while independence from fossil fuels and perceived contributions to the common good drive adoption among switchers. Our findings suggest that opposition to climate policy stems from fundamental preference heterogeneity rather than information frictions. This has important implications for optimal policy design, highlighting potential limits of information provision in overcoming resistance to environmental regulation. The results also speak to broader questions in political economy about the relationship between knowledge, preferences, and support for policy reform. |
| Keywords: | environmental regulation, technology adoption, information provision, political economy, climate policy |
| JEL: | D83 H31 Q48 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11759 |
| By: | Mohamed Kayal (LIRAES (URP_ 4470) - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Appliquée en Economie de la Santé - UPCité - Université Paris Cité) |
| Abstract: | Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a possibilidade de o consumidor influenciar a conduta de empresas transnacionais para uma atividade em afinidade com os dezessete Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Organização das Nações Unidas -ONU. As perguntas bases para este estudo são quais os potenciais fundamentos normativos em direção a uma conduta corporativamente mais sustentável e responsável e por quais meios se permite ao consumidor influenciar a conduta de empresas transnacionais neste sentido.Um ator de influência recente na atuação das empresas transnacionais é os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e suas metas para um planeta mais ambientalmente equilibrado. No entanto, Huck reforça que o desafio destes objetivos está exatamente da sua implementação no contexto fático. 2 Para objetividade deste es-1 * Doutor e mestre em Direito pela UFRGS, com estágio doutoral na Justus- |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04992777 |
| By: | Campiglio, Emanuele; De Angelis, Luca; Neri, Paolo; Scalisi, Ginevra |
| Abstract: | It is still unclear to what extent transition risks are being internalized by financial investors. In this paper, we provide a novel investigation of the impact of media‐based measures of transition risks on the credit risk of energy companies, as measured by their credit default swaps (CDS) indices. We include both European and North American markets in the 2010–2020 period. Using linear and non‐linear local projections, we find that a transition risk shock affects CDS indices only when combined with tangible physical climate‐related impacts. We also find evidence of non‐linear cross‐border effects, with North American energy companies particularly affected by European dynamics. We suggest that the public reaction in the wake of severe climate‐related disasters, which might push policymakers to adopt more decisive climate action, contributes to making the transition‐related debate salient in the eyes of credit market actors. |
| Keywords: | climate change; credit risk; transition risk; disasters; credit default swaps |
| JEL: | C32 G12 Q43 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:127807 |
| By: | Adrien Deschamps (AU - Avignon Université, •JPEG - Laboratoire des sciences Juridiques, Politique, Economiques et de Gestion - AU - Avignon Université) |
| Abstract: | Public procurement can be defined as the process by which public contracting authorities purchase goods, services, and works from private suppliers, including small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The access of SMEs to public contracts is one of the objectives of public procurement policies, as they suffer from complex procedures and high transaction costs. At the same time, public procurement is increasingly being used as an instrument for environmental policies, through green clauses (i.e. mandatory specifications in the contract performance) and award criteria (i.e. the dimensions of the offers the contracting authority assesses). The objective of this empirical work is to determine whether environmental clauses and criteria have an impact on SME participation in award procedures. This paper assesses for the first time the compatibility between SME accessibility and environmental issues in public procurement with a dataset encompassing approximately 10, 000 award procedures in France between 2022 and 2023. The findings indicate that green public procurement stimulates SME participation. The intensity of this effect may vary between environmental clauses and criteria across sectors, but there is no evidence of a deterrent effect of green public procurement on SMEs. |
| Keywords: | Green Public Procurement Sustainable Development SME Participation Public Procurement Sustainable Public Procurement D22, Green Public Procurement, Sustainable Development, SME, Participation, Public Procurement |
| Date: | 2025–03–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04999776 |
| By: | Bernhardt, Jacob Jeff; Stupak, Nataliya; Neuenfeldt, Sebastian; Potts, Franziska |
| Abstract: | Der Klimawandel verändert die Anbaubedingungen der Landwirtschaft in Deutschland. Spätestens seit den Dürrejahren 2018-2022 ist deutlich geworden, dass die klimatischen Veränderungen weitreichende Auswirkungen auf die Wasserverfügbarkeit und -nutzung bedeuten. Diese Entwicklung führt lokal zu Wasserknappheiten - mit Einschränkungen für die private und landwirtschaftliche Wassernutzung - sowie zu regionalen Konflikten zwischen Wasserwirtschaft und Landwirtschaft. Das Thema "Landwirtschaftliches Wassermanagement" ist nicht zuletzt durch die "Nationale Wasserstrategie" des Bundesministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz, nukleare Sicherheit und Verbraucherschutz (BMUV) in den politischen Fokus gerückt. Die Bedeutung von Bewässerung in der Landwirtschaft wird voraussichtlich weiter zunehmen. Um politische Maßnahmen für die landwirtschaftliche Bewässerung und das Wassermanagement fundiert bewerten zu können, sind jedoch ausreichende Daten unerlässlich. Hier zeigt sich eine deutliche Diskrepanz zwischen der Verfügbarkeit relevanter Daten in Deutschland und dem steigenden Bedarf für politische und wissenschaftliche Fragestellungen. Am Thünen-Institut hat sich dieser Bedarf im Rahmen zahlreicher Projekte und Gremienarbeiten deutlich manifestiert. Aufgrund der Heterogenität der Landwirtschaft in Deutschland und regionalen Unterschieden der Einflussfaktoren ist eine detaillierte, kleinräumige und zeitlich hochaufgelöste Untersuchung des gesamten Bundesgebiets erforderlich. Eine flächendeckende Analyse liefert entscheidende Informationen und schafft die Grundlage, um zukünftig Nutzungskonflikten effektiv zu begegnen. (...) |
| Abstract: | Climate change is altering the growing conditions for agriculture in Germany. At the very least since the drought years of 2018-2022, it has become clear that the climatic changes have consequences for water use. The results of this development are local water scarcity and restrictions on private or agricultural water use. This leads to temporal regional water use conflicts between water management and agriculture. As a result, the topic of agricultural water management has also moved up the political agenda. Due to the heterogeneity of agriculture in Germany, and the spatial differences in the factors that determine irrigation agriculture, it is necessary to analyse the entire country at the smallest possible scale, and with a high temporal resolution. This comprehensive regional analysis provides the necessary data, and a decision-making basis, to counter future conflicts of interest related to water use. However, this contrasts with the actual availability of data on irrigation in Germany. A discrepancy exists between data availability and the data requests that has been made to the Thünen-Institute in the course of numerous projects and committee work. (...) |
| Keywords: | Landwirtschaft, Bewässerung, Wassermanagement, Dürre, Klimawandel, Agrarstatistik, Umweltstatistik, Deutschland, Agriculture, Irrigation, Water management, Drought, Climate Change, Agricultural statistics, Environmental statistics |
| JEL: | Q15 Q25 Q54 C10 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:313005 |
| By: | Javier Sanchez-Reaza; Diego Ambasz; Predrag Djukic; Karla McEvoy |
| Keywords: | Environment-Climate Change Impacts Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Climate Change Economics |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39729 |
| By: | Céline Stinus (C2S - Cognition, Santé, Société - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne - SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé) - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne - MSH-URCA - Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne); Nassim Elimari (C2S - Cognition, Santé, Société - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne - SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé) - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne - MSH-URCA - Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne); Sophie Berjot (C2S - Cognition, Santé, Société - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne - SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé) - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne - MSH-URCA - Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne) |
| Abstract: | The urgency of climate change has prompted psychologists to explore the determinants of ethical consumption, highlighting the crucial role of feeling connected to others and to the natural world.This article serves as a pivotal bridge between psychology and consumer law, examining how characteristics of modern societies hinder our intrinsic inclination towards profound connections with nature and humans, thereby perpetuating cycles of overconsumption. Additionally, we delve into the addictive aspects of consumption through the perspective of ego vulnerabilities, while emphasizing the potential of connectedness to others and nature as a catalyst for lasting changes in consumption behaviors. Finally, this article outlines intervention strategies aimed at cultivating deeper sense of connectedness with nature and fellow humans, facilitating a paradigm shift towards ethical consumption across both social and environmental dimensions. Specifically, it explores mindfulness practices oriented towards others and nature, environmental education initiatives for children, and intergenerational programs. These strategies are meticulously examined to provide insight into their potential effectiveness in fostering sustainable consumption behaviors. |
| Abstract: | L'urgence climatique a incité les psychologues à étudier les facteurs influençant la consommation éthique, en mettant en lumière le rôle central du sentiment de connexion avec autrui et la nature. Cet article établit un lien fondamental entre la psychologie et le droit de la consommation, en analysant comment les caractéristiques des sociétés modernes entravent notre tendance naturelle à tisser des liens profonds, contribuant ainsi à des cycles de surconsommation. L'étude explore également les dimensions addictives de la consommation à travers les fragilités de l'ego, tout en soulignant le potentiel de la connexion avec les autres et la nature pour promouvoir des comportements de consommation durables. En conclusion, l'article propose des stratégies d'intervention visant à renforcer ce sentiment de connexion, en encourageant un changement de paradigme vers une consommation éthique, à la fois socialement et environnementalement responsable. Parmi les approches abordées, on trouve des pratiques de pleine conscience centrées sur la nature et les relations sociales, des initiatives d'éducation environnementale pour les enfants, ainsi que des programmes intergénérationnels. Ces stratégies sont minutieusement analysées pour évaluer leur capacité à favoriser des comportements de consommation durables. |
| Keywords: | Connectedness to nature, Connectedness to humanity, Socio-responsible consumption, Eco-responsible consumption, Connexion à la nature, Connexion à l'humanité, Consommation socio-responsable, Consommation éco-responsable |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04994737 |
| By: | Audi, Marc; Poulin, Marc; Ahmad, Khalil; Ali, Amjad |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes the impact that economic, political, and social globalization has had on carbon dioxide emissions in BRICS countries from 1991 to 2022. An empirical analysis has been performed by using the panel ordinary least squares, fixed effects, fully modified ordinary least squares, dynamic ordinary least squares, and panel quantile regres-sion methods. The findings show that both coal-based energy production and economic expansion are major contribu-tors to carbon emissions in BRICS countries. This research substantiates that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between carbon emissions and per capita income in these countries, which validates the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Also, coal-based energy production and economic development are seen to be significant in raising carbon emissions at lower quantiles, and their significance falls at higher quantiles, thus reinforcing the EKC hypothe-sis in BRICS. The results show a strong influence of both political as well as economic globalization on carbon emis-sions, whereas social globalization has an insignificant impact. The findings indicate that the influence of economic and political globalization on carbon emissions differed across the distribution of carbon emissions, with a higher ef-fect in the lower to middle quantiles and a lower effect in the higher quantiles; this is consistent with the EKC theory. This type of impact by disaggregate globalization indicates that deeper regional cooperation and the empowerment of global institutions can depress global carbon emissions. |
| Keywords: | carbon emissions; economic globalization; political globalization; social globalization |
| JEL: | F6 Q5 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124293 |
| By: | Global Facility for Disaster Reduction; United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction |
| Keywords: | Information and Communication Technologies-Information and Records Management Environment-Natural Disasters |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39551 |
| By: | Audi, Marc; Ahmad, Muhammad Bilal; Ahmad, Khalil; Poulin, Marc; Ali, Amjad |
| Abstract: | This study investigates how various facets of globalization directly affect CO₂ emissions under the widely recognized Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework, utilizing panel data from a broad cross-section of countries. By incorporating economic, political, and social globalization indices alongside macroeconomic variables (GDP per capita, GDP growth, and manufacturing value added), this analysis furnishes a more holistic perspective on the overall globalization–environment nexus. The empirical strategy employs panel unit root tests to evaluate stationarity, followed by ordinary least squares and random effects to secure robust coefficient stability and extended-run insights. The findings validate an inverted U-shaped link between GDP per capita and CO₂ emissions, suggesting that while emissions initially climb with income in early development, they eventually decrease at higher income tiers, in line with the EKC hypothesis. Economic globalization typically shows a positive, albeit occasionally model-sensitive, association with emissions, implying that expanded trade and cross-border production can boost carbon output, particularly when technological or regulatory standards remain weak. In contrast, political and social globalization display weak or negligible direct impacts on CO₂ emissions, implying that diplomatic ties and cultural interactions alone may not fully suffice to curb pollution without complementary environmental measures. Interestingly, expansions in manufacturing value added often align with reduced emissions, underscoring the possible influence of cleaner industrial processes and efficiency improvements. These findings underscore the importance of policy initiatives that reconcile the benefits of global economic integration with rigorous environmental governance. Sustaining inclusive economic progress while mitigating environmental harm relies on constructing stronger institutional frameworks, leveraging targeted technological advances in manufacturing, and fostering global cooperation on emissions criteria. |
| Keywords: | EKC, Economic Globalization, Political Globalization, Social Globalization |
| JEL: | F60 F62 F64 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124294 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Agriculture-Climate Change and Agriculture |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39583 |
| By: | Rising, James A.; Hussain, Azhar; Schwarzwald, Kevin; Trisovic, Ana |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2024–05–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:127812 |
| By: | Arnaud Lamy (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Institut Lyfe Research & Innovation Center (ex-Institut Paul Bocuse Research Center) - LYFE - Institut Lyfe (ex-Institut Paul Bocuse)); Lucie Sirieix (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Sandrine Costa (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Maxime Michaud (Institut Lyfe Research & Innovation Center (ex-Institut Paul Bocuse Research Center) - LYFE - Institut Lyfe (ex-Institut Paul Bocuse)) |
| Abstract: | This work aims to identify and understand the various tensions chefs face in reconciling different issues (sustainability, meat cooking, day-to-day management of the restaurant, etc.) through the study of a specific case, the replacement of traditional preparation of stocks and sauces by ready-to-use preparations. Data collected from French chefs (n = 29) were analysed through the prism of paradox theory. Traditional sauce-making is associated by chefs, directly or indirectly, with a set of practices and skills based on techniques, preparations and products that draw on culinary traditions while offering environmental benefits. However, the study shows that chefs tend to use industrial, ready-to-use preparations because of time constraints, convenience, lack of transmission within the profession or regulations (e.g. hygiene rules). The analysis of this replacement highlights paradoxes and tensions linked to the implementation of the new practice, and to performance, especially sustainability performance. The results contribute to the existing literature and assist the restaurant sector and chefs in addressing sustainability challenges. |
| Keywords: | Paradox theory, Sustainable cuisine, Traditional French cuisine, Meat consumption, Restaurants, Sauce |
| Date: | 2025–03–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05004280 |
| By: | Beiser-McGrath, Liam; Bernauer, Thomas |
| Abstract: | We shed new light on a long-standing question in political science: When confronted with costly policy choices, do citizens form their preferences using material (economic) concerns or other-regarding motivations, such as the distribution of costs, and how are these moderated by political ideology? Using the case of carbon taxation, a widely advocated policy solution to climate change, we conducted survey experiments in Germany and the United States to assess the relative importance of these forms of preferences. The results show that individuals are primarily concerned with how a carbon tax would affect their individual income. There are also important cross-national differences with high-income German respondents being more receptive to redistributive policy design, especially in contrast to high-income Democrats who significantly decrease support for carbon taxation. These findings highlight how the constituencies generated by new policies can significantly alter the distribution of mass support for action on emerging societal problems. |
| Keywords: | carbon tax; environmental politics; climate policy; political economy; climate change |
| JEL: | Q50 H23 |
| Date: | 2024–04–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:120995 |
| By: | Marion Leroutier; Hélène Ollivier |
| Abstract: | This paper shows that even moderate air pollution levels, such as those in Europe, harm the economy by reducing firm performance. Using monthly firm-level data from France, we estimate the causal impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on sales and worker absenteeism. Leveraging exogenous pollution shocks from local wind direction changes, we find that a 10 percent increase in monthly PM2.5 exposure reduces firm sales by 0.4 percent on average over the next two months, with sector-specific variation. Simultaneously, sick leave rises by 1 percent. However, this labor supply reduction explains only a small part of the sales decline. Our evidence suggests that air pollution also reduces worker productivity and dampens local demand. Aligning air quality with WHO guidelines would yield economic benefits on par with the costs of regulation or the health benefits from reduced mortality. |
| Keywords: | cost of air pollution, absenteeism, firm performance. |
| JEL: | Q53 H23 I10 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11785 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Urban Development-Hazard Risk Management Environment-Environmental Disasters & Degradation Water Resources-Flood Control |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39651 |
| By: | Beaufils, Timothé; Conyngham, Killian; de Vries, Marlene; Jakob, Michael; Kalkuhl, Matthias; Richter, Philipp M.; Spiro, Daniel; Stern, Lennart; Wanner, Joschka |
| Abstract: | This paper formalizes the geopolitical externality of climate policy and estimates its plausible magnitudes. Specifically, domestic reductions in fossil fuel demand depress global prices, thereby lowering export revenues for resource-rich autocracies - many of which allocate substantial resources to military spending. As a result, climate policy reduces geopolitical and security burdens on Western democracies, offering a potential "peace dividend" as a cobenefit. Exploiting the link between the European Union's oil consumption and the EU's costs of the Russian war in Ukraine as a case study, we highlight the relevance of this externality. We estimate that each euro spent on oil in the EU generates geopolitical costs of 0.37 [0.01 - 4.7] euros related to Russia's war on Ukraine. Based on our central estimate, a carbon price of 62 euros per ton of CO2 would be required to internalize these costs. Even under conservative assumptions, our analysis highlights that the geopolitical externality offers a compelling argument for strong unilateral efforts to reduce fossil fuel demand in the EU. |
| Keywords: | geopolitical externality, climate policy, co-benefit, EU climate policy, Russia's invasion ofUkraine |
| JEL: | F18 F51 F52 H23 H56 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:315470 |
| By: | Ha Nguyen; Alan Feng; Ms. Mercedes Garcia-Escribano |
| Abstract: | Climate change is causing more frequent and devastating natural disasters. The goal of this paper is two-fold. First, it examines the dynamic effects of natural disasters on the growth of output and its components. Government expenditure in advanced economies (AEs) rises immediately in the same year of the natural disaster, offsetting the decline in private investment growth and thereby mitigating the negative effect on output growth. As a result, output growth in AEs is not significantly affected by natural disasters. In contrast, the increase in government expenditure in emerging markets and developing countries (EMDEs) after a natural disaster is smaller and thus, unable to mitigate the contemporaneous negative effect on output growth (which mainly reflects the fall in investment in non-small-island EMDEs and in net exports in small-island EMDEs). In addition, the output recovery in the subsequent year does not fully offset the decline during the year of the disaster. Second, this paper assesses the role of pre-existing country characteristics in mitigating the adverse impact of natural disasters. The paper finds that small islands and countries with limited pre-disaster fiscal space tend to experience more significant declines in output growth following a natural disaster. |
| Keywords: | Natural disasters; economic growth |
| Date: | 2025–02–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/046 |
| By: | Duden, Christoph; Böhner, Hannah; Kuhnert, Heike; Lampkin, Nicolas; Offermann, Frank; Röder, Norbert; Tegetmeyer, Inga |
| Abstract: | Der vorliegende Bericht liefert erste quantitative Analysen zur Inanspruchnahme der Öko-Regelungen in der GAP-Förderperiode 2023 bis 2027 in Deutschland. Die Auswertungen wurden durch eine literaturbasierte Analyse zu den Umweltwirkungen der Öko-Regelungen und eine Diskussion ausgewählter Aspekte zur Rolle der Öko-Regelungen in der sogenannten "Grünen Architektur der GAP" ergänzt. Der Bericht leistet damit einen Beitrag zur im GAP-Direktzahlungen-Gesetz vorgesehenen Evaluierung der Instrumente zur Förderung von Umwelt, Klima und Tierwohl. Im Rahmen der quantitativen Auswertung wurden bundesweit vorliegende Antragsdaten für die Jahre 2023 und 2024 differenziert nach Bundesländern ausgewertet. Zusätzlich erfolgte eine vertiefende Analyse der Inanspruchnahme der Öko-Regelungen nach ausgewählten betrieblichen Merkmalen der landwirtschaftlichen Unternehmen. Grundlage dafür waren pseudonymisierte einzelbetriebliche InVeKoS-Daten aus Bayern, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen und Rheinland-Pfalz für das Antragsjahr 2023. Die Ergebnisse wurden für jede Öko-Regelung in Factsheets zusammengefasst. Es zeigen sich starke regionale und betriebliche Unterschiede bei der Inanspruchnahme der Öko-Regelungen. Vergleichsweise hoch war die Teilnahmerate bei Betrieben des Typs "sonstiger Futterbau" (rinder- und schafhaltende Betriebe ohne Milchviehbetriebe). Zudem nahmen ökologisch wirtschaftende Betriebe mehrere Maßnahmen überdurchschnittlich stark in Anspruch. Bei der Interpretation der Ergebnisse der ersten beiden Antragsjahre sind besondere Einflussfaktoren zu berücksichtigen. Dazu zählen Lernkosten durch die Einführung der ÖkoRegelungen sowie außergewöhnliche Preisschwankungen auf den Agrarmärkten infolge der russischen Invasion in der Ukraine. Die qualitative Analyse der Umweltwirkungen der Öko-Regelungen zeigt, dass diese abhängig von der spezifischen Maßnahme und dem jeweiligen Kontext variieren. Während einige Öko-Regelungen in erster Linie der Stabilisierung des gegenwärtigen Umweltzustandes dienen, bieten andere, wie ÖR 1 (nichtproduktive Flächen) und ÖR 3 (Agroforst), ein signifikantes Potenzial zur Verbesserung von Biodiversität sowie Boden- und Klimaschutz. Die Inanspruchnahme blieb jedoch insbesondere bei den Maßnahmen mit erhöhtem Potenzial zur Verbesserung des Umweltzustands hinter den gesetzten Zielen zurück. Die Integration der Öko-Regelungen in die Grüne Architektur mit den Agrarumwelt- und Klimamaßnahmen der 2. Säule wird durch administrative Komplexität und föderale Unterschiede erschwert. Vorteile der Öko-Regelungen im Vergleich zu den Agrarumwelt- und Klimamaßnahmen der 2. Säule sind kürzere Verpflichtungszeiträume und vereinfachte Antragsverfahren. Auf Basis der Auswertungen und Erfahrungen der ersten beiden Jahre der aktuellen Förderperiode werden erste Empfehlungen zur Weiterentwicklung der Öko-Regelungen abgeleitet. |
| Abstract: | This report provides initial quantitative analyses of the use of eco-schemes in the 2023 to 2027 CAP programming period in Germany. These analyses were supplemented by a literature-based analysis of the environmental impacts of the eco-schemes and a discussion of selected aspects of the role of the eco-schemes in the so-called "Green Architecture of the CAP". The report thus contributes to the evaluation of the instruments for supporting environment, climate and animal welfare provided for in the GAP-Direktzahlungen-Gesetz (CAP Direct Payments Act). As part of the quantitative evaluation, application data available nationwide for the years 2023 and 2024 were analysed by federal state. In addition, an in-depth analysis of the utilisation of the eco-schemes was carried out according to selected operational characteristics of the agricultural enterprises. This was based on pseudonymised individual farm IACS data from Bavaria, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Lower Saxony and Rhineland-Palatinate for the application year 2023. The results were summarised in factsheets for each ecoscheme. There are strong regional and farm differences in the utilisation of the eco-schemes. The participation rate was comparatively high for farms of the type "other fodder production" (cattle and sheep farms excluding dairy). In addition, organic farms made above-average use of several measures. Special influencing factors must be taken into account when interpreting the results of the first two application years. These include learning costs due to the introduction of the eco-schemes and exceptional price fluctuations on agricultural markets as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The qualitative analysis of the environmental impacts of the ecoschemes shows that these vary depending on the specific measure and the respective context. While some ecoschemes primarily serve to stabilise the current state of the environment, others, such as ÖR 1 (fallow land) and ÖR 3 (agroforestry), offer significant potential for improving biodiversity as well as soil and climate protection. However, particularly in the case of measures with high potential for environmental improvement, uptake fell short of the targets set. The integration in the Green Architecture of Pillar 1 eco-schemes with Pillar 2 agrienvironmental and climate measures is made more difficult by administrative complexity and federal differences. The advantages of the eco-schemes compared to the agri-environmental and climate measures of the 2nd pillar are shorter commitment periods and simplified application procedures. Based on the analyses and experiences of the first two years of the current funding period, initial recommendations for the further development of the eco-schemes are derived. |
| Keywords: | Öko-Regelungen, Grüne Architektur, Evaluierung, ökologischer Landbau, eco-schemes, green architecture, evaluation, organic farming |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:313006 |
| By: | Egbert, Henrik |
| Abstract: | This paper examines whether conspicuous destruction—typically observed in small groups or individuals—can emerge as a behavioral pattern in large, democratic societies. Using Germany’s energy transition as a case study, it explores how politically legitimized decisions lead to the dismantling and devaluation of existing energy infrastructure, including nuclear power plants and fossil fuel systems. This visible devaluation and destruction serve as political and social signals of Germany’s commitment to a green economy. The paper identifies three interrelated motives driving this process: the pursuit of status, the demonstration of power, and the display of economic wealth. These motives, commonly observed in small groups, help explain similar behavioral patterns in national policymaking within the energy sector. |
| Keywords: | conspicuous destruction; energy transition; wealth; climate status; Germany |
| JEL: | P17 Q48 Z13 |
| Date: | 2025–03–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124051 |
| By: | nunziante, giulia |
| Abstract: | The new United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development signed in 2015 for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals to be achieved by 2030 introduces a new conceptual approach relating to the four types of interconnected capital - human, social, environmental and economic. All levels of government are involved in contributing to development along a path of sustainability. This paper aims to provide a new methodological approach to ex-ante evaluation of the sustainability of the regional policy of Lazio with the analysis of the potential effects of the actions through the controlled semantic clustering of the 335 political-programmatic actions of the Lazio Region contained in the Strategic Programming Document (DSP) 2023, the quantification of these effects through a synthetic index developed over the five-year period 2018-2022 and the identification of policy indications. |
| Keywords: | Sviluppo sostenibile; Politica regionale; Valutazione ex-ante |
| JEL: | A10 P59 R58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124085 |
| By: | Stefan Löschenbrand; Martin Maier; Laurent Millischer; Florian Resch |
| Abstract: | This study investigates carbon pricing-induced credit risk, the potential negative impact of carbon pricing on firms’ ability to meet their financial obligations. Applying a well-established credit assessment model to a novel data set combining financial statements and emissions data, we subject the over 2.5 million borrowers of the euro area’s largest banking groups to two carbon pricing stress scenarios. Our findings reveal a notable variation in impacts between and within sectors. However, even under the conservative scenario, many firms experience only a minimal increase in their probabilities of default. In the more realistic scenario, the aggregate impact on firms’ creditworthiness is not material. The analysis further suggests that the capitalization of euro area banks would not be significantly affected by the carbon pricing-induced increase in corporate credit risk. While this study does not consider the macroeconomic transmission channels, it indicates that higher carbon prices are not likely to trigger widespread firm defaults and jeopardize financial stability. |
| Keywords: | Credit Risk; Climate Change; Transition Risk; Carbon Pricing |
| Date: | 2025–03–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/062 |
| By: | Alexandre Rambaud (AgroParisTech, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Véronique Blum (UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Hugues Chenet (IÉSEG School Of Management [Puteaux]) |
| Abstract: | Our work examines Double Materiality, defined as the simultaneous consideration of ‘financial materiality' and ‘social and environmental materiality' in accounting, its conceptual and operational implications when addressing environmental issues, in particular related to biodiversity reporting. Mobilizing an analogic approach, we produce a conceptual framework of materiality, which defines some necessary generic notions, and which application leads to a classification of various approaches to DM. We focus on four of them: financial materiality according to the proprietary theory then according to the entity theory; social and environmental materiality according to a utilitarian anthropocentric approach then according to an ecological perspective. This analysis provides with a robust problematization of Double Materiality that sheds a new light on its current controversies. Our work also gives some guidance to stakeholders and policy makers by eliciting seven points of attention. |
| Keywords: | Double Materiality, Accounting, Sustainability reporting, Biodiversity, Ecology, Analogy |
| Date: | 2024–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:ciredw:hal-04979693 |
| By: | Fatiha Fort (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Ilenia Manetti (CREA - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics); Maria Rosaria Pupo d'Andrea (CREA - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics); Roberto Henke (CREA - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics); Raffaele d'Annolfo (CREA - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics); Federica Morandi (CREA - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics); Federica Demaria (CREA - Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics) |
| Abstract: | Trade agreements between the European Union (EU) and developing countries are often used to promote sustainable development within economic cooperation. The EU-Tunisia trade relations have a long history, starting with the Association Agreement in place and the ongoing negotiations for the new Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) agreement, for further liberalizing the agricultural sector. This study investigates the effects on sustainability of these bilateral relations, with a focus on Tunisian olive oil value chain, considering both the current Free Trade Agreement (FTA) impacts and the future DCFTA agreement expected effects. A two-steps qualitative process consisting of a desk analysis and stakeholders' consultations has been undertaken to report socioeconomic and environmental effects, suggesting policy interventions to be considered within the negotiations framework. Main actions needed encompass an inclusive renovation of Tunisian olive oil sector, a rethinking of exports' tariff quota system to the EU, with special attention to organic olive oil, and water-efficient cultivation systems interventions. |
| Keywords: | Olive oil, DCFTA Tunisia, Sustainable trade, Tunisia, Stakeholders engagement, Qualitative analysis |
| Date: | 2025–03–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05007036 |
| By: | Moon, Jin-Young (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Na, Seung Kwon (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kim, Eunmi (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Jang, Hanbyeol (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | The article conducted an analysis of global climate finance discussions and mobilization efforts, cases of climate finance-related strategies and policies by major countries, and strategies for promoting the use of private climate finance, and based on this, the following Korea's policy recommendations were presented. First, policymaking must consider the entire lifecycle of climate finance, from mobilization to utilization and tracking. Second, measures should be implemented to build a comprehensive climate finance statistics system to generate and manage statistical data. Third, it is crucial to identify the obstacles that hinder developing countries from effectively employing climate finance. Fourth, it is also necessary to promote private sector financing through various financial mechanisms and to improve the financial support system. Finally, it is crucial to enhance domestic support for disadvantaged sectors and vulnerable groups impacted by the transition to carbon neutrality, and to allocate additional resources to facilitate the shift to a low-carbon economy. |
| Keywords: | mobilizing; climate; finance: global; perspective; korea |
| Date: | 2025–01–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:2025_003 |
| By: | Egamberdiev, Bekhzod; Primov, Abdulla; Babakholov, Sherzod |
| Abstract: | The climate change literature broadly characterizes resilience as the capacity of the household to withstand the negative consequences of climate change. However, most studies on climate change resilience use a general or inconclusive relationship between resilience and the coping strategy of the household. To extend the existing literature, we applied FAO’s Resilience Index Measurement Analysis (RIMA) approach to construct the Resilience Capacity Index (RCI). Using Latent Class Analysis (LCA), we cluster homogenous classes describing household coping strategy behavior. With an Instrumental Approach (IA), we explore how climate change resilience changes the perception of coping strategies. Our findings generally conclude that there is a negative relationship between long-term RCI and short-term household coping strategies. This relationship is particularly significant for changing planting dates, planting short-cycle crop varieties, crop diversification, and tree planting. We can conclude that climate change resilience may diminish the motivation to activate short-term coping strategies for policy interventions. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Resilience, Household Capacity, Agriculture, Latent Class Analysis (LCA) |
| JEL: | O13 O20 Q12 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:313179 |
| By: | Amayed, Yassr |
| Abstract: | Cet article analyse l’impact de la digitalisation et de la transition énergétique sur la croissance économique en Afrique du Nord, dans une optique de développement durable. À l’aide du modèle CS-ARDL, il distingue les effets à court terme des ajustements dynamiques et met en évidence les relations structurelles à long terme découlant des investissements en capital fixe, de la consommation énergétique – qu’elle soit renouvelable ou non – et de l’adoption des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC). Les résultats montrent qu’à court terme, l’activité économique est principalement stimulée par les investissements productifs et la dépendance aux énergies fossiles. À long terme, l’intégration progressive des énergies renouvelables et l’amélioration des infrastructures numériques contribuent à une croissance plus inclusive et résiliente, en cohérence avec les Objectifs de développement durable. Par ailleurs, l’étude met en lumière d’importantes disparités structurelles et régionales, soulignant ainsi la nécessité de politiques publiques adaptées et coordonnées pour maximiser les synergies entre digitalisation et transition énergétique. |
| Abstract: | The present article undertakes an analysis of the impact of digitalization and the energy transition on economic growth in North Africa, from the standpoint of sustainable development. Utilising the CS-ARDL model, it differentiates between short-term effects and dynamic adjustments, emphasising long-term structural relationships stemming from fixed capital investment, energy consumption (both renewable and non-renewable), and the adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT). The findings indicate that, in the short term, economic activity is predominantly driven by productive investment and reliance on fossil fuels. In the long term, the gradual integration of renewable energies and the enhancement of digital infrastructures contribute to more inclusive and resilient growth, in accordance with the sustainable development goals. Concurrently, the study accentuates substantial structural and regional disparities, thereby underscoring the necessity for suitable and coordinated public policies to optimize the synergies between digitalization and the energy transition. |
| Keywords: | Mots-clés : Digitalisation, énergies renouvelables, TIC, transition énergétique, croissance économique, développement durable, Afrique du Nord, CS‑ARDL.; Digitalization, renewable energy, ICT, energy transition, economic growth, sustainable development, North Africa, CS-ARDL. |
| JEL: | Q5 |
| Date: | 2025–03–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124124 |
| By: | Husein Abdul-Hamid; Diego Ambasz |
| Keywords: | Education-Education Reform and Management Education-Economics of Education Social Protections and Labor-Skills Development and Labor Force Training Environment-Green Issues Science and Technology Development-Science Mathematics and Technology |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39823 |
| By: | Piero Basaglia; Clara Berestycki; Stefano Carattini; Antoine Dechezleprêtre; Tobias Kruse |
| Abstract: | Despite decades of global attention, effective climate policy implementation remains challenging, with firms and investors often grappling with uncertainty about potential policymaking in addition to actual policy changes. This paper introduces a novel Climate Policy Uncertainty (CPU) index, along with a set of sub-indices capturing the direction of uncertainty, and assesses the impacts of CPU on firm and investor behavior in the United States. Leveraging variation in our indices over the past three decades, we find that uncertainty surrounding climate policies negatively impacts firm financial outcomes, innovation, and stock-market outcomes for firms that are in CO2-intensive sectors, i.e. exposed to climate policy. Higher CPU reduces capital expenditures, employment, and research and development, which in turn translates to a decrease in innovation (patent filings), particularly for clean technologies. On the stock market, CPU leads to increased stock volatility and decreased returns for exposed firms. This negative effect of CPU is distinct from the impact of changes and salience in climate policy as well as variations in economic policy uncertainty. These findings underscore the economic costs of climate policy uncertainty, which delays the low-carbon transition by deterring investment and innovation. |
| Keywords: | uncertainty, climate policy, innovation, firm decision-making, investor beliefs. |
| JEL: | D22 D83 G10 O32 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11782 |
| By: | Petrina Makhubela ("Department of Hospitality and Tourism, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Namibia " Author-2-Name: Uaarukapo Tjitunga Author-2-Workplace-Name: "Department of Hospitality and Tourism, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Namibia " Author-3-Name: Hendriena Shiyandja Author-3-Workplace-Name: "Department of Hospitality and Tourism, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Namibia " Author-4-Name: Ethilde Tulimuwo Kuwa Author-4-Workplace-Name: "Department of Hospitality and Tourism, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Namibia " Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - This study investigates tourists' perceptions of ecotourism at Waterberg Plateau Park in Namibia, a destination noted for its biodiversity and conservation commitment (Kasiringua, E., Proches, C., & Kopij, 2020). Despite its increasing popularity, there is a lack of research on visitor perceptions and tourism statistics (Baporikar, 2022). According to (Harianto, Y., Walid Masruri, M., Winarno, H., Tsani, I., & Santoso, 2020) Understanding these perceptions is crucial for effective park management and conservation efforts. Methodology - A quantitative approach was utilised, combining surveys, observations, and content analysis to gather data on respondents' perceptions of ecotourism settings. The quantitative data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings - The findings aimed to enhance the ecotourism experience at Waterberg Plateau Park and contribute to the development of sustainable tourism. Novelty - This paper explores tourists' perceptions within the specific context of Waterberg Plateau Park, a unique ecotourism destination in Namibia. While ecotourism studies have been conducted globally, this research fills a gap by addressing how tourists perceive and interact with a less-explored African ecotourism site. It offers fresh insights into the factors influencing visitor satisfaction, highlighting key aspects such as cultural expectations, environmental awareness, and the influence of local amenities. This study contributes to a localized perspective on ecotourism that can be applied to similar destinations in sub-Saharan Africa. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Conservation, Ecotourism, Tourist Motivation, Tourist Perception, Sustainability, Community Involvement, Visitor Experiences |
| JEL: | Z32 Q01 Q26 Q53 Q57 |
| Date: | 2025–03–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jber254 |
| By: | Marc Gronwald; Sania Wadud |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the relationship between green bond markets and both green and conventional financial markets, while also evaluating their effectiveness as a climate finance instrument. Using the Thick Pen Measure of Association — a visually interpretable tool for analysing co-movement across different time scales — we identify several key findings. First, the relationship between green bonds and other markets evolves over time, influenced by major events such as COVID-19, the Ukraine war, and earlier structural changes. Second, green bonds show the strongest co-movement with benchmark bond markets, indicating they are driven by similar fundamental factors. In contrast, their connection to stock markets is weaker and, in some cases, declining, reinforcing their potential as a diversification tool. However, short-term movements in the green bond market remain closely linked to the long-term stock market environment, particularly during periods of market stress. |
| Keywords: | green bonds, financial markets, co-movement, Thick Pen Measure of Association, data science |
| JEL: | C14 C32 C46 G12 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11773 |
| By: | Nao Yoshizawa (Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan]); Jonathan Cognard (Labex ITTEM - Laboratoire d'excellence Innovations et transitions territoriales en montagne - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, UR LESSEM - Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Fédération OSUG - Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Lucas Berard-Chenu (UA - Université d'Angers, Esthua Faculté de Tourisme, Culture et Hospitalité, UR LESSEM - Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Fédération OSUG - Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, ESO - Espaces et Sociétés - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UM - Le Mans Université - UA - Université d'Angers - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Univ - IGARUN - Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Humanités - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Institut conjoint des Universités de Ningbo et d’Angers - UA - Université d'Angers - ZWU - Zhejiang Wanli University); Philippe Bourdeau (PACTE - Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - IEPG - Sciences Po Grenoble-UGA - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, Labex ITTEM - Laboratoire d'excellence Innovations et transitions territoriales en montagne - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, IUGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Institut d'urbanisme et de géographie alpine - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Off-piste skiing is an adventurous niche segment of ski tourism that is gaining in popularity. However, its demand dynamics remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate daily off-piste skiing demand patterns by developing a regression model for La Grave, located in the French Alps, where all visitors engage in off-piste skiing. We found that the amount of fresh snow positively influenced skier visits and forecasted avalanche risk did not affect skier visits. Vacation periods did not positively influence skier visits, whereas the post-COVID period has had a negative effect. We also discuss the impact of climate change and adaptation strategies in the area. La Grave depends heavily on off-piste skiing. Because one of the purposes of this activity is to ski on fresh natural snow, it cannot rely on snow management practices such as grooming and snowmaking, which are widespread adaptations in conventional ski areas. The winter business model in La Grave is expected to face further challenges in the future because of climate change. In addition, both a new development plan and opposition movements have emerged. La Grave appears to be undergoing a transition away from a model heavily dependent on off-piste skiing. |
| Keywords: | backcountry skiing, Climate change adaptation, freeriding, ski area management, tourism demand modeling |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05009425 |
| By: | Abdel-Hamid Bello; Maripier Isabelle; Guy Lacroix |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effects of prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on birth outcomes in a low-pollution setting. Using linked administrative data on births and air quality in Quebec (2008-2015), we compare infants exposed to different pollution levels within the same neighborhoods and time periods to account for socioeconomic and seasonal differences. We find no significant effects at the population level, but exposure increases the risk of low birth weight and preterm birth among female infants and children of less-educated mothers. These findings suggest that even in low-exposure environments, current air quality standards may not sufficiently protect vulnerable populations. Strengthening pollution advisories for pregnant women and refining regional air quality policies could help mitigate these risks. Cet article examine les effets de l'exposition prénatale aux particules fines (PM2, 5) sur la santé des nouveaux nés dans un contexte de faible pollution. En utilisant des données administratives couplées sur les naissances et la qualité de l'air au Québecentre 2008 et 2015, nous comparons les nourrissons exposés à différents niveaux de pollution dans les mêmes quartiers et périodes afin de tenir compte des différences socioéconomiques et saisonnières. Si nous ne constatons pas d'effet significatif au niveau de la population, nos résultats suggèrent que l'exposition à la PM2.5 augmente le risque de faible poids de naissance et de naissance prématurée chez les nourrissons de sexe féminin et les enfants de mères moins instruites. Ces résultats suggèrent que, même dans les environnements caractérisés par de faibles niveaux de particules fines, le renforcement des avis de pollution pour les femmes enceintes et l'affinement des politiques régionales en matière de qualité de l'air pourraient contribuer à atténuer ces risques notamment pour les populations plus vulnérables. |
| Keywords: | Infant health, air pollution, in utero exposure, low birthweight, prematurity, regulatory thresholds, Santé infantile, pollution atmosphérique, exposition in utero, faible poids de naissance, prématurité, seuils réglementaires |
| Date: | 2025–04–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirwor:2025s-09 |
| By: | Costantiello, Alberto; Drago, Carlo; Arnone, Massimo; Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the relationship between Research Intensity (RI) and a range of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) variables for Italian regions using machine learning algorithms and panel data models. The study seeks to identify the most predictive variables of research intensity from a range of cultural, environmental, socio-economic, and governance indicators. Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, k-Nearest Neighbors, and Neural Network algorithms are used to ascertain comparative predictive power. Feature importance analysis identifies education levels, in particular tertiary education qualifications, and technological infrastructure as most predictive of research intensity. Regional differences in research intensity are also investigated on the basis of political representation, healthcare accessibility, material consumption, and cultural investment variables. Results indicate that economically developed regions with sufficient research capacity are more research-intensive but can also face environmental sustainability and social inclusiveness issues. The study concludes that policy measures to enable education, technological innovation, environmental management, and governance improvement are required to spur research capacity in Italian regions. The study also provides insight into the use of research intensity in informing broader ESG objectives, including policy intervention for mitigating regional imbalances. Future studies should provide insight into the dynamic interaction effects of research intensity and ESG variables over time using more sophisticated machine learning techniques to further enhance predictive power. |
| Keywords: | Research Intensity, ESG Factors, Machine Learning, Panel Data Models, Italian Regions. |
| JEL: | C23 I23 O32 Q56 R58 |
| Date: | 2024–03–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124185 |
| By: | Hu, Bingtao; Ioannou, Petros |
| Abstract: | The transportation sector contributes significantly to emissions, with heavy-duty (HD) vehicles responsible for a disproportionately large share. Zero-emission trucks, particularly battery electric trucks (BETs), have emerged as potential solutions to reduce these emissions. BETs offer benefits such as high energy efficiency with low operating noise while facing the challenges such as range anxiety and inadequate infrastructure. This report presents a survey of the latest advancements in battery technologies and primarily focusing on Class 7 and Class 8 heavy-duty vehicles due to their critical role in freight transport. This report further provides information of the status and future expectations of BETs. Finally, a feasibility analysis is presented to assess the battery requirement and operating cost for a 410-mile route from Long Beach, CA to San Francisco, CA. The results highlight the importance of charging scheduling and strategic planning for infrastructure to lower the operating cost and accelerate the widespread adoption of zero-emission trucks. These findings aim to offer insights for policymakers and researchers working toward sustainable freight transport. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Battery electric truck, state of charge, operating cost |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt5rw5h907 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Agriculture-Agricultural Knowledge & Information Systems Environment-Climate Change Impacts |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39565 |
| By: | Juliette Caucheteux; Mr. Jonas Nauerz; Svetlana Vtyurina |
| Abstract: | Extreme weather has profoundly affected countries across South America (SA), given the importance of the agricultural sector for the economies. However, these effects have not yet been properly measured. In our study, we construct a unique dataset of high-frequency satellite data on temperature, precipitation, and a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) that proxies the agricultural yield in selected countries. In particular, we then examine the effect of droughts on agricultural yields (soy output) and find that they have a significant negative impact and that there is heterogeneity in the response across countries. While insurance could help protect farmers against severe losses, coverage in the region is low, and barriers remain high. Building on existing literature and using a calibrated structural model, we highlight the benefits of insurance for Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and offer some recommendations for its expansion. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture; Productivity; NDVI; SPEI; Weather; Drought; Insurance; South America |
| Date: | 2025–03–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/052 |
| By: | Jakub Sokołowski; Karol Madoń; Jan Frankowski |
| Abstract: | The success of energy transition in addressing climate change depends on several factors, including the affordability of new technologies and the influence of peers within communities. However, concerns about affordability raise questions about how economic inequalities shape peer effects and whether they create barriers to equitable adoption. To this end, we explore how inequalities influence peer effects in the uptake of renewable heating sources. We leverage over 260, 000 observations from unique and unpublished microdata from the Polish Clean Air Priority Programme – one of the largest retrofit schemes in Europe. Our results show that peer effects accelerate technology uptake, with each additional installation increasing the likelihood of subsequent adoption by 0.014 pp. Peer influence is affected by economic inequality. In more economically homogeneous regions, affluent individuals considerably impact their peers. In areas with higher economic disparities, this influence diminishes. Our findings highlight the role of heating technology type and adopter wealth in shaping peer effect magnitude. Less wealthy adopters of biomass stoves emerge as a significant driver of peer influence, especially in regions with lower income inequality. We advise direct transfers to address technology adoption inequalities, leveraging social capital in low-inequality regions and adopting individualised strategies in high-inequality areas. |
| Keywords: | inequalities, peer effects, energy transition, residential sector, renewable energy |
| JEL: | Q52 Q55 O33 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ibt:wpaper:wp032025 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Agriculture-Food Security Environment-Natural Resources Management Communities and Human Settlements-Land Administration Communities and Human Settlements-Land Use and Policies Agriculture-Agricultural Trade Health, Nutrition and Population-Food & Nutrition Policy |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39802 |
| By: | Egamberdiev, Bekhzod; Qodirov, Sukhrob |
| Abstract: | Climate resilience, which confirms a household’s ability to withstand shocks, is an intrinsic element of adapting despite socioeconomic and environmental disturbances or shocks. Climate change and other socio-economic disturbances have given unprecedented “vertigo” to the food sector. In this context, households, as a decision-making unit, are expected to increase their resilience capacity to withstand shocks. Using the “COVID-19 High Frequency Survey 2020-2022” dataset for Georgia by the World Bank, the manuscript aims to measure household resilience capacity to climate change and analyse the effect of remittance on household resilience capacity. The measurement of resilience capacity or Resilience Capacity Index (RCI) is based on the Resilience Index Measurement Analysis (RIMA II) methodology proposed by FAO. Accordingly, RCI is constructed through RIMA proposed pillars: Access to Basic Services (ABS), Assets (AST), Social Safety Nets (SSN), Adaptive Capacity (AC), and Sensitivity (S). Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is applied to associate pillars with resilience. Using the SEM approach, the findings confirm that ABS, AST and AC pillars have a significant and positive association with RCI. The estimations confirm that remittance-receiving households are likely to experience higher levels of ABS, AC, and RCI. The findings are particularly important for enhancing the resilience thinking approach to formulating policy objectives and interventions that should inevitably improve or strengthen household resilience capacity. |
| Keywords: | Resilience capacity, climate change, remittance, propensity score matching |
| JEL: | D13 R20 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:313418 |
| By: | Khanna, Tarun M.; Danilenko, Diana; Tomberg, Lukas; Hansteen, Sven; Andor, Mark Andreas; Lohmann, Paul; Minx, Jan C. |
| Abstract: | Energy efficiency is often cited as a critical component of mitigation pathways that avoid the worst effects of climate change but suffers from chronic underinvestment. This paper evaluates the efficacy of a range of voluntary approaches-monetary incentives, information and behavioral interventions-on the willingness of households to pay for energy efficient appliances, the market share of efficient appliances, and the subsequent savings in energy consumption to understand which interventions work, under what conditions, and why. We find that information provision, labeling, rebates and subsidies increase willingness to pay for efficient appliances moderately, while loans are ineffective. The effects of such interventions on market shares and associated rebound effects on energy consumption of purchase of energy-efficient appliances remain unclear given the limited evidence. Closing this should be a priority to facilitate better understanding of the role of such interventions in climate and energy policy. Real-world effects are also likely to be smaller than those reported due to study design limitations and potential reporting biases. Overall, the existing evidence does not strongly support the effectiveness of these interventions in achieving large-scale energy efficiency improvements required for decarbonization. |
| Abstract: | Energieeffizienz wird oft als kritische Komponente von Klimaschutzmaßnahmen genannt, die die schlimmsten Auswirkungen des Klimawandels vermeiden sollen, leidet aber unter chronischer Unterinvestition. In diesem Papier wird die Wirksamkeit einer Reihe freiwilliger Ansätze - monetäre Anreize, Informationen und Verhaltensmaßnahmen - auf die Bereitschaft der Haushalte, für energieeffiziente Geräte zu zahlen, den Marktanteil effizienter Geräte und die daraus resultierenden Einsparungen beim Energieverbrauch untersucht, um zu verstehen, welche Maßnahmen unter welchen Bedingungen und warum funktionieren. Wir stellen fest, dass die Bereitstellung von Informationen, die Kennzeichnung, Rabatte und Subventionen die Bereitschaft, für effiziente Geräte zu zahlen, mäßig erhöhen, während Kredite unwirksam sind. Die Auswirkungen solcher Maßnahmen auf die Marktanteile und die damit verbundenen Rebound-Effekte auf den Energieverbrauch beim Kauf energieeffizienter Geräte bleiben angesichts der begrenzten Evidenz unklar. Die Schließung dieser Lücke sollte eine Priorität sein, um ein besseres Verständnis der Rolle solcher Interventionen in der Klima- und Energiepolitik zu ermöglichen. Aufgrund von Einschränkungen beim Studiendesign und möglichen Verzerrungen bei der Berichterstattung sind die Auswirkungen in der Realität wahrscheinlich geringer als berichtet. Insgesamt sprechen die vorliegenden Erkenntnisse nicht eindeutig für die Wirksamkeit dieser Maßnahmen, wenn es darum geht, die für die Dekarbonisierung erforderlichen groß angelegten Energieeffizienzsteigerungen zu erreichen. |
| Keywords: | Energy efficiency, meta-analysis, energy conservation, behavioral interventions, economic incentives, policy instruments |
| JEL: | Q58 Q48 D11 D83 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:315481 |
| By: | Sanjit Dhami; Paolo Zeppini (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur) |
| Abstract: | We consider firms' choices between a clean technology that benefits, and a dirty technology that harms, the environment. Green firms are more suited to the clean technology and brown firms are more suited to the dirty technology. We use a model derived from complexity theory that takes account of true uncertainty and increasing returns to technology adoption. We examine theoretically, the properties of the long-run equilibrium, and provide simulated time paths of technology adoption, using plausible dynamics. The long-run outcome is an 'emergent property' of the system, and is unpredictable despite there being no external technological or preference shocks. We describe the role of taxes and subsidies in facilitating adoption of the clean technology; the conflict between optimal Pigouvian taxes and adoption of clean technologies; the optimal temporal profile of subsidies; and the desirability of an international fund to provide technology assistance to poorer countries. |
| Keywords: | Technology choice, Climate change, Complexity, Lock-in effects, Increasing returns, Green subsidies, Public policy, Pigouvian taxes, Stochastic dynamics |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04998831 |
| By: | Marion Leroutier (CREST - Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique - ENSAI - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - ENSAE Paris - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Hélène Ollivier (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | This paper shows that even moderate air pollution levels, such as those in Europe, harm the economy by reducing firm performance. Using monthly firm-level data from France, we estimate the causal impact of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) on sales and worker absenteeism. Leveraging exogenous pollution shocks from local wind direction changes, we find that a 10 percent increase in monthly PM 2.5 exposure reduces firm sales by 0.4 percent on average over the next two months, with sector-specific variation.Simultaneously, sick leave rises by 1 percent. However, this labor supply reduction explains only a small part of the sales decline. Our evidence suggests that air pollution also reduces worker productivity and dampens local demand. Aligning air quality with WHO guidelines would yield economic benefits on par with the costs of regulation or the health benefits from reduced mortality. |
| Keywords: | Cost of air pollution, Absenteeism, Firm performance |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:psewpa:hal-05009744 |
| By: | Barrett, Scott |
| Abstract: | I model the ocean as an array of lines set within a two-dimensional frame and show how the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) emerged as an equilibrium in customary international law. I find that custom codifies the efficient Nash equilibrium of enclosure for nearshore fisheries. For highly migratory and offshore fisheries, enclosure is inefficient, and customary law supports a more efficient " free sea” regime. The model also identifies the trigger for changes in property rights and the reason choice of a particular limit, like the current 200-mile zone, is arbitrary. In an asymmetric, regional sea, I find that the scope of the EEZ is determined by the relative power of coastal and distant water states, and need not be efficient. Finally, I find that proposals to nationalize the seas or ban fishing on the high seas are neither efficient nor supportable as equilibria in customary law. |
| Keywords: | closure of high seas; customary international law; exclusive economic zone; ocean fisheries |
| JEL: | F50 K33 Q22 |
| Date: | 2024–05–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:125568 |
| By: | Bianchetti, Luca |
| Abstract: | La economía mundial se apoya en el uso predominante de combustibles fósiles, generando degradación ambiental a través de emisiones constantes de Gases Efecto Invernadero (GEI), agravando el cambio climático. Este estudio aborda la transición energética en Argentina desde una perspectiva integral basada en el desarrollo sostenible. La falta de un enfoque holístico dificulta la toma de decisiones y análisis de políticas. Esta investigación aborda esta brecha y produce una contribución metodológica, proponiendo y compilando una base de datos inédita para analizar la transición energética en Argentina. La misma se encuentra estructurada a partir de cuatro dimensiones clave: seguridad energética, sostenibilidad ambiental, ciudadanía y democracia y justicia. A tal fin, el estudio evalúa la disponibilidad y calidad de la información disponible y luego logra su integración. En segundo lugar, realiza un aporte de tipo empírico, proponiendo una caracterización de la evolución de la transición energética en Argentina desde el enfoque del desarrollo sostenible. Los hallazgos muestran que la seguridad energética presenta desafíos mixtos, la sostenibilidad ambiental presenta una evolución favorable y encaminada, la democracia y ciudadanía plantea incertidumbres, mientras que la dimensión de justicia muestra una mejora constante. |
| Keywords: | Transición Energética; Desarrollo Sostenible; Deterioro Ambiental; Argentina; 1960-2021; |
| Date: | 2023–12–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4263 |
| By: | Tanguy Bonnet (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to investigate the links between energy transition critical minerals -which are crucial to the deployment of low-carbon technologies -and foreign direct investments. To this end, we consider the production of 8 energy transition critical minerals over the 1997-2020 period as an explanatory variable for FDI inflows, by using an original, complete, and precise database. Implementing a battery of panel data estimations to ensure the robustness of our results, we find that there is no FDI-resource curse for the energy transition critical minerals production. Unlike oil, energy transition critical minerals do generally attract foreign capital inflows, the positive attraction effect on resource seeker FDI likely dominates the negative eviction effect on nonresource seeker FDI; the minerals with the strongest FDI attraction effect being cobalt, lithium, and rare earth elements. These results confirm the important economic and strategic motivations of investing countries and companies, but also represent risks and opportunities for the host mining countries. |
| Keywords: | Energy transition critical minerals ; Foreign direct investments ; Resource curse |
| Date: | 2025–03–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05000376 |
| By: | Schütze, Berit; Tönshoff, Charlotte; Wegmann, Johannes |
| Abstract: | Hecken erbringen als traditionelle Agroforstsysteme vielfältige Ökosystemleistungen wie Erosionsschutz, Verbesserung des Mikroklimas oder Holzproduktion und sind wichtiger Lebensraum für Pflanzen und Tiere in der Agrarlandschaft. Neu in den Fokus rückt das Klimaschutzpotenzial von Hecken, denn die Bindung von Kohlenstoff durch Hecken kann pro Hektar in etwa der von Wäldern entsprechen. Politisches Ziel ist, dass Heckenstrukturen in Deutschland bis 2030 im Rahmen des sogenannten natürlichen Klimaschutzes stark ausgebaut werden. Der flächenmäßige Zuwachs der Hecken in den letzten Jahren ist aber gering. Welche fördernden und hemmenden Faktoren innerhalb des geltenden Rechtsrahmens und der bestehenden Förderprogramme für die Neuanlage von Hecken existieren, ist Gegenstand des vorliegenden Working Papers und wurde mit einer Literaturanalyse untersucht. Bei Pflanzung, Bewirtschaftung und Pflege sowie möglicher Beseitigung von Hecken sind gesetzliche Regelungen zu beachten, die sich hemmend auf die Anlage von Hecken auswirken können. Ein wesentliches Hemmnis ist das Beseitigungsverbot, wodurch nutzbare landwirtschaftliche Fläche dauerhaft entzogen wird. Der Schutzstatus von Hecken im Naturschutzrecht führt dazu, dass eine Nutzung von Hecken über die Schnittgutverwertung hinaus erschwert wird. Weitere Faktoren sind die fehlende Verfügbarkeit gebietsheimischer Gehölze sowie eine Angst vor Sanktionen durch die Vielzahl und die damit verbundene Unübersichtlichkeit an gesetzlichen Regelungen. Fast alle Bundesländer bieten flächenbezogene oder investive Fördermaßnahmen an, die die Anlage von Hecken unterstützen können. Sie variieren hinsichtlich Förderziel, Förderbeträgen, Gebietskulisse und Zuwendungsempfänger*innen. Faktoren für eine geringe Inanspruchnahme sind geringe Förderbeträge, finanzielle Hürden durch Vorauszahlungen, eine Unübersichtlichkeit von Förderprogrammen, eine fehlende Adressierung von Flächeneigentümer*innen, geringe finanzielle Anreize zur Pflege von Hecken und bürokratische Förderverfahren. Den höchsten Abruf verzeichnen Förderprogramme mit vergleichsweise hohen Förderfestbeträgen. Damit die Pflanzung von Hecken finanziell attraktiver wird, muss neben den Kosten für Anpflanzung, Schutzmaßnahmen und Pflege auch die Bodenwertminderung mit einbezogen werden. Sowohl in Förderprogrammen als auch im Ordnungsrecht besteht ein klarer Fokus auf den Naturschutz. Der Klimaschutzaspekt von Hecken wird förderrechtlich bisher nicht berücksichtigt. Bezogen auf den Klimaschutzaspekt könnten CO2-Zertifikate im Rahmen des Carbon Farming in Zukunft eine wichtige Rolle für die Förderung der Neuanlage von Hecken spielen. |
| Abstract: | Hedgerows provide a variety of ecosystem services such as erosion control, improvement of the microclimate and wood production. They are an important habitat for plants and animals in the agricultural landscape. In addition, there is a new focus on the climate protection potential of hedges as carbon sequestration of hedgerows per hectare is comparable to estimates for forests. Thus, the political goal is to greatly expand hedgerow structures in Germany by 2030 as a measure for nature-based solutions. However, the increase of hedgerows has been low in recent years. To identify reasons, a literature analysis was carried out. The current legal framework and existing funding programmes for hedgerows were investigated. Based on this, factors that promote or hinder the planting of new hedgerows were identified. Legal regulations have to be considered when planting, managing and maintaining hedgerows. These can have an inhibiting effect. A major obstacle is the ban on the removal of hedgerows as usable agricultural land is permanently removed. Furthermore, the protection of hedgerows under the federal nature conservation law makes it difficult to utilise hedgerow products beyond the use of cuttings. Besides, the lack of availability of native woody plants and fear of sanctions due to the large number and associated complexity of legal regulations have to be considered as an inhibiting factor. Nearly every federal state in Germany offers area-based or investment-based funding measures that can support the development of hedgerows. They vary in terms of funding objective, funding amounts, territorial scope and funding recipients. Possible factors for low take-up are insufficient funding amounts, financial hurdles due to advance payments, a lack of clarity of funding programmes, a lack of targeting of landowners, low financial incentives for maintenance of hedgerows and bureaucratic funding procedures. Funding programmes with comparatively high fixed funding amounts are called up the most. To make the planting of hedges financially attractive, the reduction in land value has to be taken into account in funding programmes. There is a clear focus on nature conservation both in funding programmes and in law considering hedgerows. The climate protection potential of hedgerows has not yet been taken into account in funding programmes. With regard to climate protection, CO2-certificates could play an important role in the future as part of carbon farming. |
| Keywords: | Agrarumweltmaßnahmen, Hecke, Landschaftselement, Klimaschutz, natürlicher Klimaschutz, Ordnungsrecht, Agri-environmental measures, hedgerow, landscape element, climate protection, nature-based solutions, regulatory law |
| JEL: | Q15 Q18 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:313004 |
| By: | Prtik Thakkar (Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research) |
| Abstract: | We examine how weather variation influences economic activity through its impact on systemic risk in financial markets, an underexplored channel for a developing economy like India. Using a semi-parametric generalized additive model, we analyze weather effects on monthly systemic risk data from 898 listed Indian firms from January 2005 to November 2022. Our findings confirm that weather variation significantly impacts Indian systemic risk. However, we observe that these effects are reliably estimated when we consider decomposed weather- expected and anomaly-instead of aggregate weather variables. We find that a rise in temperature (precipitation) increases (decreases) systemic risk. Unlike existing studies, this paper highlights that the impact is more pronounced when we observe a rise in weather anomaly compared to its expected counterpart. Moreover, these weather effects vary across seasons and broad industry clusters. Supply chain disruptions, energy demand shifts, and credit supply constraints emerge as key mechanisms linking weather fluctuations to systemic risk. Finally, we show that weather-related systemic risk can predict future economic downturns, offering early warning signs for climate risk management. |
| Keywords: | Weather, Systemic risk, Forecast, Generalized additive models, India |
| JEL: | C14 E32 G10 O53 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ind:igiwpp:2025-006 |
| By: | Czarnitzki, Dirk; Lepers, Robin; Pellens, Maikel |
| Abstract: | The circular economy represents a systematic shift in production and consumption, aimed at extending the life cycle of products and materials while minimizing resource use and waste. Achieving the goals of the circular economy presents firms with the challenge of innovating new products, technologies, and business models, however. This paper explores the role of artificial intelligence as an enabler of circular economy innovations. Through an empirical analysis of the German Community Innovation Survey, we show that firms investing in artificial intelligence are more likely to introduce circular economy innovations than those that do not. Additionally, the results indicate that the use of artificial intelligence enhances firms' abilities to lower production externalities (for instance, reducing pollution) through these innovations. The findings of this paper underscore artificial intelligence's potential to accelerate the transition to the circular economy. |
| Keywords: | Circular economy, Innovation, Artificial intelligence |
| JEL: | Q55 O31 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:312577 |
| By: | Koundouri, Phoebe; Alamanos, Angelos; Arampatzidis, Ioannis; Devves1, Stathis; Sachs, Jeffrey D |
| Abstract: | As global commitments to decarbonization intensify, energy-emission models are becoming increasingly vital for policymaking, offering data-driven insights to evaluate the feasibility and impact of climate strategies. These models help governments design evidence-based policies, assess mitigation pathways, and ensure alignment with national and international targets, such as the Paris Agreement and the EU Green Deal. Researchers often spend a lot of time considering their modelling choices to develop the best possible tools in terms of data-requirements, accuracy, computational demand, while there is always a ‘debate’ of complexity versus explicability and ready-to-use models for policymaking. Especially for energy-emissions models, given their increasing policy-relevance, and the need to provide insights fast for short-term policies (e.g. 2030, or 2050 net-zero goals), such considerations become increasingly pressing. In this paper, we present two different versions of the same energy-emissions model, and we run them for the same study area, planning horizon, and scenario analysis. The two versions differ only in how they approach complexity: Version1 is a more ‘detailed’, complex model, while Version2 is a ‘simpler’ and less data-hungry one. A set of evaluation criteria was then used to qualitatively compare these two versions, based on modelling- and policymaking-related considerations, debating modelers’ and policymakers’ expectations and preferences. We reflect on best modelling practices, discuss different goal-dependent approaches, providing useful guidance for modelers and policymakers |
| Keywords: | Energy-emissions modelling; Decarbonization pathways; Model development; LEAP; Models to policy |
| JEL: | C63 O33 Q41 Q50 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124147 |
| By: | Vojtech Misak (Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of temperature on soccer team productivity using match-level data from ten countries across three continents. The results show that temperature affects multiple performance metrics, often in non-linear ways. Specifically, attacking efficiency is enhanced in warmer conditions, leading to increased goal productivity and improved shot conversion rates. Conversely, defensive performance appears to weaken in warmer conditions, with a decrease in defensive pressure and passing accuracy. Player aggression follows an inverted U-shaped pattern in relation to temperature. The effects of temperature vary across different leagues and climate regions. The relationship between temperature and outcome measures tends to be stronger in lower leagues, while the Champions League is the least influenced overall. Teams from colder regions experience a larger decline in passing volume when playing in high temperatures, with the effect being particularly pronounced in Brazil. |
| Keywords: | Football, Soccer, Temperature, Weather, Productivity |
| JEL: | K14 K42 K49 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fau:wpaper:wp2025_07 |
| By: | Buntaine, Mark |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–04–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:globco:qt1fv029br |
| By: | Pawan Patil; Natalya Stankevich; Nina Tsydenova; Zoie Diana |
| Keywords: | Environment-Coastal and Marine Environment Rural Development-Rural Roads & Transport Infrastructure Economics and Finance-Infrastructure Regulation Urban Development-Municipal and Civil Engineering Environment-Environmental Engineering |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39839 |
| By: | Taiyo FUKAI; Masato OIKAWA; Takahiro TORIYABE |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes the effects of natural disasters on capital investment and production. We examined the impact of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, the fourth largest earthquake ever recorded worldwide, on the fishing industry. Rich administrative data from the fishing industry allowed us to identify the impact on output, labor input, capital reinvestment and technology switching caused by the severe damage to fishing facilities and equipment from the tsunami waves. The results show that immediately after the earthquake, the number of fishing boats and sales decreased by 60%. Five years later, the number of boats was still lower by 20% and sales were down by 11%. The negative effects persisted even after 10 years. We also found that high-productivity fishers tended to adopt new fishing technologies due to the reduction in switching costs caused by government financial aid, but we did not find a similar effect for low-productivity fishers. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:25027 |
| By: | Moon, Jin-Young (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Na, Seung Kwon (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kim, Eunmi (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Jang, Hanbyeol (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 국제사회는 개도국의 기후변화 대응을 지원하기 위한 신규 기후재원 목표(NCQG) 설정을 추진하고 있다. 본 연구는 국제사회의 기후재원 조성 노력과 공여국의 기후재원 규모를 분석하고, 향후 글로벌 기후재원 지원에서 우리나라의 대응 방안을 제시하였다. 2장에서는 글로벌 기후재원 논의 및 조성 현황을 정리하면서 신규 기후재원 목표 논의 쟁점을 분석하였다. 먼저 국제사회에서 대다수 당사국은 기후재원의 주요 목적이 ‘기후변화 적응 및 온실가스 감축 활동’이라는 점에 공감하고 있으나, 여전히 기후재원에 대한 합의된 개념은 부재하다. UN기후변화협약 채택 이래 국제사회는 개도국의 기후변화 대응을 지원하기 위해 기후재원에 대해 논의해왔으며, 파리협정 9조에도 원칙적인 내용이 담겨 있다. The global community is striving to establish a New Collective Quantified Goal on Climate Finance (NCQG) to support developing countries in addressing climate change. This research examines international efforts to mobilize climate finance and analyzes the scale of contributions from donor nations. It further suggests strategies for Korea to engage in future climate finance mobilization efforts. (the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | mobilize; climate finance; global perspective; Korea |
| Date: | 2024–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:2024_004 |
| By: | Giovanni Dosi |
| Abstract: | There are at least three existential challenges to contemporary societies, as we know them namely first, the complete rupture of the social pact which characterized Glorious Decades after WWII in most of Western societies; and second, the deepening of the patterns of informatization and "intelligent" automation with the associated modifications in labour relations and mechanisms of social control. All that, third, is coupled with a climate crisis that might have well reached a tipping point toward a global ecological disaster. Here I shall briefly discuss the first, and even more briefly the second one, ending with some urgent policy implications. |
| Keywords: | Social Conflict, Social Pact, Inequality, Artificial Intelligence and Labour Processes, Environmental Crisis, Policy Objectives |
| Date: | 2025–04–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2025/15 |
| By: | Banerjee, Sanchayan; Ferreira, Alipio |
| Abstract: | Virtual Reality (VR) enables immersive experiences that can enhance awareness about environmental problems. We measure the effectiveness of VR versus 2D in an environmental campaign using a field experiment in Brazil. 617 passers-by at a mall were randomly assigned to watch a video clip about the Amazon Forest through VR or a traditional 2D device, with some being randomly interviewed before watching the movie (control group). We find that both the 2D and VR interventions increase individuals’ propensity to (i) contribute to an Amazonian humanitarian campaign, (ii) share contact information, (iii) interact with a conservation campaign, and (iv) state pro-conservation opinions. We find no additional impact of VR compared to 2D, but VR participants were more likely to engage with pro-conservation content online 3 months later. Our findings provide cautionary evidence about the additional potential of using immersive technologies, like VR, to improve conservation behaviors compared to 2D methods. |
| Keywords: | Virtual Reality, Behavior, Environment |
| JEL: | Q01 Q5 |
| Date: | 2024–06–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124149 |
| By: | Nelli, Linnea; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to understand whether what has been labelled as "twin transition", at first as a policy flagship, endogenously emerges as a new technological trajectory stemming by the convergence of the green and digital technologies. Embracing an evolutionary approach to technology, we first identify the set of relevant technologies defined as "green", analyse their evolution in terms of dominant blocks within the green technologies and concurrences with digital technologies, drawing on 560, 720 granted patents by the US Patent Office from 1976 to 2024. Three dominant blocks emerge as relevant in defining the direction of innovative efforts, namely energy, transport and production processes. We assess the technological concentration and underlying complexity of the dominant blocks and construct counterfactual scenarios. We hardly find evidence of patterns of actual endogenous convergence of green and digital technologies in the period under analysis. On the whole, for the time being, the "twin transition" appears to be just a policy flagship, rather than an actual endogenous technological trajectory driving structural change. |
| Keywords: | Twin transition, policy flagship, technological trajectories |
| JEL: | O33 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1580 |
| By: | Lina Sawaqed; Carlos Griffin |
| Keywords: | Private Sector Development-Private Sector Economics Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Investment and Investment Climate |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39644 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Finance and Financial Sector Development-Public & Municipal Finance |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39721 |
| By: | World Bank Group |
| Keywords: | Information and Communication Technologies-ICT Economics Information and Communication Technologies-ICT Policy and Strategies |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40007 |
| By: | Linnea Nelli (Dipartimento di Politica Economica, DISCE, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy); Maria Enrica Virgillito (Institute of Economics, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy - Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen, Germany); Marco Vivarelli (Dipartimento di Politica Economica, DISCE, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy – UNU-MERIT, Maastricht, The Netherlands – IZA, Bonn, Germany - Global Labor Organization (GLO), Essen, Germany) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to understand whether what has been labelled as “twin transition”, at first as a policy flagship, endogenously emerges as a new technological trajectory stemming by the convergence of the green and digital technologies. Embracing an evolutionary approach to technology, we first identify the set of relevant technologies defined as “green”, analyse their evolution in terms of dominant blocks within the green technologies and concurrences with digital technologies, drawing on 560, 720 granted patents by the US Patent Office from 1976 to 2024. Three dominant blocks emerge as relevant in defining the direction of innovative efforts, namely energy, transport and production processes. We assess the technological concentration and underlying complexity of the dominant blocks and construct counterfactual scenarios. We hardly find evidence of patterns of actual endogenous convergence of green and digital technologies in the period under analysis. On the whole, for the time being, the “twin transition” appears to be just a policy flagship, rather than an actual endogenous technological trajectory driving structural change. |
| Keywords: | Twin transition, policy flagship, technological trajectories |
| JEL: | O33 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctc:serie5:dipe0048 |
| By: | Lena Kalukuta Mahina; Gagou El Mostafa; Khadija Chakroune; Abdelkader Hakkou; Bruno van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the economic viability of a new composting station dedicated to the recycling of date palm by-products. The field experiential analysis if performed in the Figuig Oasis (Morocco). It first provides evidence on the agronomic quality of the compost, demonstrating its ability to enhance soil fertility. Second, a socio-economic survey of local farmers measures their willingness to adopt the produced compost. Third, it performs a detailed cost/benefit analysis, with a breakdown of the station’s operational and investment expenses. It illustrates the minimum scale needed to generate a viable business model. This socio-economic analysis reveals a potential to generate positive environmental, economic, and social impacts, as the circular approach is replicable and scalable in similar oases agro ecosystems. |
| Keywords: | Circularity, Agriculture, Composting, Business model, Date Palm, Figuig |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ict:wpaper:2013/389984 |
| By: | World Bank; Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery |
| Keywords: | Environment-Natural Disasters Communities and Human Settlements-Housing & Human Habitats Infrastructure Economics and Finance-Infrastructure Economics Infrastructure Economics and Finance-Infrastructure Finance |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39529 |
| By: | Laura Eline Slot (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Mechthild Donner (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Fatima El Hadad-Gauthier (CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | The expectations of digital technologies in sustainable agricultural development are considerable. However, applying these technologies in agri-food value chains can have downsides, which are still barely studied. The main objectives of this systematic literature review were to discover the state of the art of the research in the use of digital technologies in business models contributing to sustainability in the agri-food sector, and to make recommendations for future research and management practice. In order to bring concepts together and develop a theoretical framework and advance knowledge, performing a literature review is conducive. Here, the commonly-used PRISMA-method was used to develop a systematic literature review. From this review, an overview of business model innovations, and drivers, benefits and drawbacks of digitalisation in agri-food value chains were distinguished. Key themes found in the literature were the effects of COVID-19 on digitalisation and business resilience, the economic sustainability of business models, and the importance of communication technologies in agri-food value chains. This article recommends for future research and management practice to use a framework that looks through a value co-creation and open innovation perspective to the individual business model level and the interaction between (sustainable) business models in local and global food systems. |
| Keywords: | agri-food value chains, business models, digitalisation, sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–03–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05006930 |
| By: | Benseny, Graciela |
| Abstract: | The district of General Pueyrredon (Argentina), with Mar del Plata as its main city, has a large peri-urban territory with scenic, agricultural and cultural characteristics that favour Rural Tourism, based on local cultural traditions and contact with nature. In recent decades, it has become a strategy for economic diversification that promotes sustainable development and careful management of the effects of touristification, which can lead to the commodification of culture and the loss of local identity. The aim is to explore the opportunities and challenges of Rural Tourism in the district of General Pueyrredon, analysing its relationship with sustainable development and the implications of touristification in the region. An exploratory and descriptive study is carried out, consulting bibliographic, documentary, graphic and virtual sources, taking as a case the Estancia Santa Isabel, whose productive diversification allows its positioning as an innovative reference of Rural Tourism. |
| Keywords: | Turismo Rural; Desarrollo Sustentable; Turistificación; Partido de General Pueyrredon; |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4252 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Water Supply and Sanitation-Monitoring and Evaluation in Water Supply and Sanitation |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39528 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Rural Development-Rural Land Policies for Poverty Reduction Environment-Sustainable Land Management Water Resources-Hydrology Agriculture-Agricultural Irrigation and Drainage |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40240 |
| By: | Refk Selmi (Éklore-Ed School Of Management) |
| Abstract: | With the global economy only 7.2% circular, strong collaboration among diverse stakeholders becomes increasingly required to tackle plastic pollution. Aware of the role of businesses as key stakeholders in designing new forms of resource use, this study seeks to answer how publicly announced circular economy (CE) policies affect the businesses' engagement against plastic waste. For this purpose, an event study methodology is used to evaluate differences in abnormal returns of large, mid and small-cap securities across 23 developed markets and 24 emerging markets -considered aligned with the overall objective of managing plastic waste and promoting circularity. The findings reveal that all companies react positively to CE policy announcements though with varying extent. Specifically, the plastic transition index appears more responsive to the CE Action Plans incorporating the product's whole life cycle into the waste management system (in particular, Australia, Danemark, France, Germany, South Africa). It is also shown that the European Union's initiatives introducing both legislative and non-legislative measures targeting areas have led to a decline in systematic risk for the plastic transition index. Overall, the results highlight that public awareness and support are pivotal factors in changing businesses' behaviour and thus can be crucial for the success of CE and waste policies. |
| Keywords: | Circular economy policy announcements, Plastic transition Index, Abnormal returns, Systematic risk, Event-study methodology |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04994846 |
| By: | Risius, Paula; Tiedemann, Jurek; Küper, Malte; Flake, Regina |
| Abstract: | Um bis 2045 klimaneutral zu werden, ist die Reduktion von Emissionen von grundlegender Bedeutung. Einer der Energieträger, auf die umgestiegen werden soll, ist grüner Wasserstoff. Dieser bietet je nach Branche unterschiedlich große Potenziale, ist aber insbesondere für die Defossilisierung der energieintensiven Branchen Stahl und Chemie unumgänglich. Für den erfolgreichen Hochlauf der Wasserstoffwirtschaft und die Schaffung einer entsprechenden technischen Infrastruktur sind gut ausgebildete Fachkräfte, die die Entwicklung, Implementierung und den Betrieb der vielfältigen Anwendungen von Wasserstoff vorantreiben, Voraussetzung. Das vorliegende Papier betrachtet die Fachkräftesituation in ausgewählten Bereichen entlang der Wasserstoff-Wertschöpfungskette: von der Erzeugung über den Transport bis zum Einsatz in der chemischen Industrie, der Stahlindustrie, dem Verkehrs- sowie dem Gebäudesektor. Zudem wird die Ausbildungssituation in wasserstoffrelevanten Berufen betrachtet. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass es für den Hochlauf der Wasserstofftechnologie zwar überwiegend passend qualifizierte Fachkräfte auf dem Arbeitsmarkt gibt, die Verfügbarkeit jedoch nach Beruf und Branche variiert und teilweise Fachkräfteengpässe bestehen. Denn die Situation in relevanten Berufen ist - wie auf dem Arbeitsmarkt insgesamt - angespannt: Über alle relevanten Berufe hinweg fehlten in den betrachteten Branchen 2024 etwa 49.500 qualifizierte Fachkräfte. Mit zusätzlichen Fachkräftebedarfen ist insbesondere beim Aufbau der Infrastrukturen, wie Elektrolyseuren und Leitungen, zu rechnen. Zu den für den Wasserstoffhochlauf relevanten Berufen, in denen schon heute viele Stellen unbesetzt bleiben, gehören Fachkräfte für Bauelektrik, Elektrische Betriebstechnik sowie Maschinenbau- und Betriebstechnik. Zu beachten ist, dass die in dieser Studie als relevant identifizierten Wirtschaftsbereiche nicht alle Wirtschaftsbereiche abdecken, in denen grüner Wasserstoff in Zukunft an Relevanz gewinnen könnte. Der Wasserstoffhochlauf erzeugt in einigen Berufen einen steigenden Bedarf an Fachkräften. In anderen Berufen führt er zu zusätzlichen Kompetenzanforderungen, die jedoch meist über gezielte kürzere Weiterbildungen qualifiziert werden können - beispielsweise für den Umgang mit hohem Gasdruck oder Hochvoltsystemen, wofür es bereits etablierte Qualifizierungsangebote gibt. Somit wird aktuell kein Änderungsbedarf an den derzeit gültigen Ausbildungsordnungen gesehen. Um der herausfordernden Fachkräftesituation in zahlreichen Berufen mit unmittelbarem Wasserstoffbezug zu begegnen, lassen sich verschiedene Handlungsoptionen ableiten. So gilt es, das Matching am Ausbildungsmarkt zu verbessern, denn zuletzt blieben 18.177 angebotene Ausbildungsstellen in wasserstoffrelevanten Berufen unbesetzt. Auch das Potenzial von Quereinsteigern sollte noch stärker berücksichtigt werden. Damit Unternehmen überhaupt in den Hochlauf der Wasserstofftechnologie und die Qualifizierung des benötigten Personals investieren können, sollte die nächste Bundesregierung an die bisherigen Fortschritte anknüpfen und drängende Handlungsfelder, wie den Bau von Elektrolyseuren sowie die Überwindung der Wirtschaftlichkeitslücke zwischen fossilen Energieträgern und grünem Wasserstoff, konsequent angehen. |
| Abstract: | To achieve climate neutrality by 2045, reducing emissions is of fundamental importance. One of the energy sources to be switched to is green hydrogen. Its potential varies depending on the sector, but it is particularly important for the defossilization of the energy-intensive industries such as steel and chemicals. For the successful ramp-up of the hydrogen economy and the creation of a corresponding technical infrastructure, welltrained specialists are required in order to drive forward the development, implementation and operation of the diverse applications of hydrogen. In this paper, we look at the skills situation in selected areas along the hydrogen value chain: from production and transportation to use in the chemical industry, the steel industry, the transport sector and the building sector. We also take a look at the training situation in hydrogen-related professions. Overall, it can be seen that although there are generally suitably qualified skilled workers on the labor market for the ramp-up of hydrogen technology, their availability varies by occupation and sector and there are shortages of skilled workers in some cases. As in the labor market as a whole, the situation in relevant professions is tense: Across all relevant occupations, there was a shortage of around 49, 500 qualified skilled workers in the sectors under consideration in 2024. Additional skilled workers will be needed in particular for the construction of infrastructure, such as electrolysers and pipelines. The occupations relevant to the hydrogen ramp-up, in which many jobs are already unfilled today, include skilled workers for construction electrics, electrical operating technology as well as mechanical and operating technology. It should be noted that the economic sectors identified as relevant in this study do not cover all economic sectors in which green hydrogen could gain relevance in the future. The hydrogen ramp-up is creating an increasing demand for skilled workers in some professions. In other professions, it will lead to additional skills requirements, which, however, can usually be qualified through targeted, shorter training courses - for example, for dealing with high gas pressure or high-voltage systems, for which there are already established further training courses. Consequently, there is currently no need to change the current training regulations. Various options for action can be derived to address the challenging skills situation in the numerous professions directly related to using hydrogen. For example, matching applicants and open positions on the training market needs to be improved, as 18, 177 training positions in hydrogen-related professions were recently unfilled. The potential of lateral entrants should also be given greater consideration. In order for companies to be able to invest in the ramp-up of hydrogen technology and the qualification of the required personnel, the next German government should build on the progress made so far and consistently tackle urgent fields of action, such as the construction of electrolysers and bridging the economic viability gap between fossil fuels and green hydrogen. |
| JEL: | Q42 J24 O14 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwkrep:315472 |
| By: | Agarwal, Swati; Fitch-Polse, Dillon T |
| Abstract: | This project reviews and summarizes empirical evidence for a selection of transportation and land use policies, infrastructure investments, demand management programs, and pricing policies for reducing vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The project explicitly considers social equity (fairness that accounts for differences in opportunity) and justice (equity of social systems) for the strategies and their outcomes. Each brief identifies the best available evidence in the peer-reviewed academic literature and has detailed discussions of study selection and methodological issues.VMT and GHG emissions reduction is shown by effect size, defined as the amount of change in VMT (or other measures of travel behavior) per unit of the strategy, e.g., a unit increase in density. Effect sizes can be used to predict the outcome of a proposed policy or strategy. They can be in absolute terms (e.g., VMT reduced), but are more commonly in relative terms (e.g., percent VMT reduced). Relative effect sizes are often reported as the percent change in the outcome divided by the percent change in the strategy, also called an elasticity. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt1091n164 |
| By: | Ali Ahmad; Thanh Thi Thanh Bui; Mohammed Qaradaghi; Wael Mansour |
| Keywords: | Energy-Energy and Environment Energy-Renewable Energy |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39608 |
| By: | Kryszak, Łukasz; Czyżewski, Bazyli; Sapa, Agnieszka; Lucasenco, Eugenia |
| Abstract: | The expansion of conservation tillage helps to improve soil health in countries affected by the soil erosion, such as the Republic of Moldova. The main objective of this paper was to investigate Moldovan farmers’ preferences for the hypothetical policy scheme designed to promote conservation tillage in the framework of a discrete choice experiment. The heterogeneity of farmers' preferences was explained using the latent concept of a sense of intergenerational commitments (IC) via a hybrid choice model. We found that farmers are reluctant to adopt more advanced forms of conservation tillage (such as zero tillage) and prefer to choose minimum tillage. They positively value financial support (both direct payments and investment subsidies), while the availability of advisory support is not the key factor. We also found that farmers with greater sense of IC have less negative attitudes toward zero tillage and put less positive value on monetary aspects. It seems that these farmers are more driven by moral obligations to society and are less dependent on external support. Policy makers should continue to develop financial incentives to promote conservation agriculture practices but they should also be aware of the important role of farmers and agricultural policy from a social justice perspective. |
| Keywords: | conservation agriculture; hybrid choice model; no-till; min-till; Moldova |
| JEL: | Q18 Q24 Q57 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124050 |
| By: | Ajewole, Kayode; Sabala, Ethan; Beckman, Jayson |
| Abstract: | This report evaluates how yield changes induced by volatile weather trends can impact India’s production, prices, and trade of wheat and rice. Results from a computable general equilibrium model show that under two volatile weather trend scenarios (one that is considered business as usual and another that projects more volatile weather), India is expected to see an increase in average yields for both rice and wheat in the next two to three decades. While increasing per hectare yield leads to higher total rice production in this report’s model, an increase in household income and population (as projected by USDA, Economic Research Service) will lead to higher per capita demand for rice in India. According to model results, this demand is expected to lead to an estimated reduction in exports of both rice and wheat to the global market. Furthermore, results indicate that countries importing from India would shift their demand to other major rice and wheat exporters. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Climate Change, Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Relations/Trade, Productivity Analysis, Research Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersrr:356543 |
| By: | Handy, Susan |
| Abstract: | This project reviews and summarizes empirical evidence for a selection of transportation and land usepolicies, infrastructure investments, demand management programs, and pricing policies for reducingvehicle miles traveled (VMT) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The project explicitly considers socialequity (fairness that accounts for differences in opportunity) and justice (equity of social systems) forthe strategies and their outcomes. Each brief identifies the best available evidence in the peer-reviewedacademic literature and has detailed discussions of study selection and methodological issues. VMT and GHG emissions reduction is shown by effect size, defined as the amount of change in VMT (orother measures of travel behavior) per unit of the strategy, e.g., a unit increase in density. Effect sizescan be used to predict the outcome of a proposed policy or strategy. They can be in absolute terms (e.g., VMT reduced), but are more commonly in relative terms (e.g., percent VMT reduced). Relative effectsizes are often reported as the percent change in the outcome divided by the percent change in thestrategy, also called an elasticity. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt94x127n7 |
| By: | Disha Gupta (Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research); Archisman Mitra (International Water Management Institute) |
| Abstract: | Groundwater depletion has become a serious concern in north-western India, particularly in Punjab and Haryana, largely due to the dominance of paddy cultivation and unsustainable irrigation practices driven by agricultural electricity subsidies. This paper aims to assess the effectiveness of current incentive strategies for crop diversification in this region introduced by the government for the reduction of groundwater over-extraction. Using the plot-level cost of cultivation data for the period 2017-18 to 2019-20, obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India, we show that the current proposed incentives are inadequate for shifting from water-intensive paddy to less water-intensive crops, mainly due to the higher profitability of paddy cultivation in terms of high yields and lower production costs as compared to other crops. We find that the average proportion of area under paddy that would shift to less water-intensive maize or cotton in Punjab with the current policy would be about 17-20 percent, which is 33 percent lower than the 30 percent target area set by the government. The area that would shift to non-paddy crops in Haryana would be about 11-16 percent, which is even lower. Our results show that the cash incentives required for crop diversification could be as high as 2.5 times the amount offered under the current scheme in order to shift to even the most profitable non-paddy crop. Our study highlights challenges in the implementation of the crop diversification scheme and propose alternatives. |
| Keywords: | Groundwater depletion, Crop diversification, Government policies, Cash incentives, Water |
| JEL: | Q25 Q28 Q58 O13 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ind:igiwpp:2025-002 |
| By: | Adams, Samuel; Ofori, Isaac K.; Gbolonyo, Emmanuel Y. |
| Abstract: | This study employs macro-level data from 33 African countries to examine the impact of energy consumption (disaggregated into renewable and non-renewable sources) on income inequality. It further investigates the moderating role of five distinct democracy typologies – liberal, electoral, deliberative, participatory, and egalitarian – within the energy-inequality nexus. Employing the dynamic GMM estimator, the analysis accounts for the persistence of income inequality and mitigates endogeneity concerns. The findings reveal that energy consumption plays a significant role in reducing income inequality across Africa. The interactive analysis also demonstrates that the income-equalising effect of non-renewable energy is particularly pronounced. Moreover, while all democracy typologies amplify the inequality-reducing effect of non-renewable energy, only participatory and egalitarian democracies enhance the impact of renewable energy. These results underscore the nuanced and asymmetric influence of energy types on income distribution in Africa, with non-renewable energy exhibiting more substantial direct and conditional effects. The study concludes by outlining key policy implications to foster equitable growth. |
| Keywords: | Africa, Democracy, Energy consumption, Renewable energy consumption, Non-renewable energy consumption, Income inequality |
| JEL: | D63 H11 O43 O55 Q01 Q43 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:313785 |
| By: | Barbour, Elisa; Thoron, Noah |
| Abstract: | In California, local option sales taxes (LOSTs) are adopted by voters to increase the retail sales tax. Revenues are used to fund specific transportation projects. Meanwhile, metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) are required by Senate Bill 375 to develop long-range plans to achieve reductions in vehicle miles traveled and emissions. But MPOs do not directly control the sponsorship or funding of most transportation projects in these plans. LOSTs are not bound by requirements of SB 375, even though MPOs must still account for impacts of LOST spending. In this context, an important question is whether and how LOST measures influence transportation planning priorities. To explore this question, researchers from the University of California, Davis, examined county LOST measures and regional transportation plans in California’s “big four” MPO regions—the San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Diego, and Sacramento metropolitan areas. This policy brief summarizes the findings from that research and provides policy implications. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, expenditures, financing, local taxation, metropolitan planning organizations, sales tax |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt2h40g923 |
| By: | Maddalena Honorati; Anna Banaszczyk |
| Keywords: | Energy-Coal and Lignite Environment-Environment and Energy Efficiency |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39849 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Environment-Natural Disasters Infrastructure Economics and Finance-Infrastructure Finance Social Protections and Labor-Social Protections & Assistance |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39610 |
| By: | Luong-Thanh Tran (University of Jena; Germany); Andreas Freytag (University of Jena; Germany; University of Stellenbosch, South Africa; Institute for International Trade Adelaide, Australia) |
| Abstract: | Vietnam’s path to sustainable and innovative growth increasingly depends on how effectively it diversifies and repositions its export portfolio in the global market, or how the country 'brand' itself through its exports to the world. Using data from UN Comtrade, we construct the Product Space model for Vietnam, visualizing the relatedness among the products in the country's export basket. Benchmarking against the Product Income Index (PRODY), the Product Gini Index (PGI), and the Product Complexity Index (PCI), we find that Vietnam’s high-volume export products such as garments and textiles are hindering the country’s development goals of sustainable growth, income equality, and innovation. Conversely, Vietnam has been able to export a number of small machine and precision equipment that yield higher added value in terms of sustainability and innovation, but these industries are lacking investment to scale up production. This suggests expansion strategies toward these precision tools and contraction for garments and textiles. Alternative options include radical innovation by shifting production to most knowledge-intensive products Vietnam is producing like cermet tools, or a moderate approach of pursuing export strategies of countries with slightly higher level of development than Vietnam. |
| Keywords: | Product Space, Product Complexity, Economic Complexity, PRODY, PGI, Innovation, Sustainability, Vietnam Export, Export Diversification, Export Product Targeting, Network Analysis |
| JEL: | F14 F17 L7 O11 |
| Date: | 2025–04–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrp:jrpwrp:2025-0006 |
| By: | Handy, Susan |
| Abstract: | This project reviews and summarizes empirical evidence for a selection of transportation and land use policies, infrastructure investments, demand management programs, and pricing policies for reducing vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The project explicitly considers social equity (fairness that accounts for differences in opportunity) and justice (equity of social systems) for the strategies and their outcomes. Each brief identifies the best available evidence in the peer-reviewed academic literature and has detailed discussions of study selection and methodological issues. VMT and GHG emissions reduction is shown by effect size, defined as the amount of change in VMT (or other measures of travel behavior) per unit of the strategy, e.g., a unit increase in density. Effect sizes can be used to predict the outcome of a proposed policy or strategy. They can be in absolute terms (e.g., VMT reduced), but are more commonly in relative terms (e.g., percent VMT reduced). Relative effect sizes are often reported as the percent change in the outcome divided by the percent change in the strategy, also called an elasticity. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt99q2m7rf |
| By: | Kim, Gyu-Pan (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | This Brief attempts to examine Japan's rare metal policy since the mid-2000s and recent supply chain policies for critical minerals, and analyze comparative supply chain risks between Korea and Japan by critical mineral resources to derive policy implications for the Korean government. Section Ⅱ outlines the Japanese government's various rare metal resource policies and achievements since the mid-2000s and examines the Japanese government's recent supply chain support policies for critical minerals. Section Ⅲ summarizes the results of the supply chain risk analysis of the five battery mineral resources and rare earths in Korea and Japan. Section Ⅳ concludes by presenting several cooperation agendas for mineral resource cooperation between Korea and Japan based on the analysis results presented. |
| Keywords: | Japan; policy; South Korea |
| Date: | 2025–04–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:2025_005 |
| By: | Lee, Sangwon (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic, the simmering trade conflict between the US and China, and the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine have caused significant disruptions in the supply of critical raw materials (CRM), which are key inputs in the fine chemicals industry, and for which there are few viable substitutes. This reliance exposes the industry to potentially catastrophic geopolitical and environmental risks. The increasingly fragmented global supply chain in major economies exacerbates the risk of shortages and price volatility, and this is particularly true for CRM imported from China and a handful of other countries. Restrictions on CRM trade can lead to shortages and price increases, directly affecting production costs. And due to China’s dominance in the CRM supply chains, alternative sources are often more expensive, further diminishing profitability in this industry. Moreover, supply disruptions and delays complicate inventory management and demand forecasting, exposing companies to overstocking and stockout risks; prolonged inventory storage also accelerates depreciation. And while diversifying sources of CRM can stabilize supply, it also makes quality control and compliance more difficult and costlier. This poses a special challenge to the fine chemicals industry, where uniform quality standards are of utmost importance, given that most fine chemicals are high-performance products subject to stringent environmental oversight. In this paper, I assess the current state of competitiveness of South Korea’s fine chemicals industry in light of the risks described above, using a SWOT analysis based on the results of a survey of industry experts. I also identify some key implications for policy based on the results of the analysis. |
| Keywords: | chemicals; fine chemicals; chemical industry; critical raw materials; CRM; supply chains; China; rare earths; digital transformation; DX; small and medium-sized enterprises; SMEs; small businesses; digital technologies; climate change; population aging; population decline; demographic change; South Korea; Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade; KIET |
| JEL: | F13 L65 Q37 |
| Date: | 2025–02–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieter:2025_002 |
| By: | Ofori, Isaac K.; Adams, Samuel; Gbolonyo, Emmanuel Y. |
| Abstract: | This study employs macro-level data from 33 African countries to examine the impact of energy consumption (disaggregated into renewable and non-renewable sources) on income inequality. It further investigates the moderating role of five distinct democracy typologies – liberal, electoral, deliberative, participatory, and egalitarian – within the energy-inequality nexus. Employing the dynamic GMM estimator, the analysis accounts for the persistence of income inequality and mitigates endogeneity concerns. The findings reveal that energy consumption plays a significant role in reducing income inequality across Africa. The interactive analysis also demonstrates that the income-equalising effect of non-renewable energy is particularly pronounced. Moreover, while all democracy typologies amplify the inequality-reducing effect of non-renewable energy, only participatory and egalitarian democracies enhance the impact of renewable energy. These results underscore the nuanced and asymmetric influence of energy types on income distribution in Africa, with non-renewable energy exhibiting more substantial direct and conditional effects. The study concludes by outlining key policy implications to foster equitable growth. |
| Keywords: | Africa; Democracy; Energy consumption; Renewable energy consumption; Non-renewable energy consumption; Income inequality. |
| JEL: | D63 H11 O43 O55 Q01 Q43 |
| Date: | 2024–03–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124134 |
| By: | Diego Ambasz; Javier Sanchez-Reaza; Pluvia Zuniga |
| Keywords: | Science and Technology Development-Innovation Science and Technology Development-Technology Innovation Science and Technology Development-Research and Development |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39826 |
| By: | Baldos, Uris Lantz; Erwin Corong |
| Abstract: | This memorandum documents the development of the GTAP LULC v.11 database for years 2004, 2007, 2011, 2014 and 2017. In addition to using the GTAP v.11 Data Base (Aguiar et al., 2023) as starting point, the main differences between v.10 and v.11 GTAP LULC data consist of (1) updating the AEZ boundaries given length of growing periods and climate zones from FAO/IIASA GAEZ v.4 (Fischer et al., 2021) and (2) using latest data from FAOSTAT (FAO, 2023) on national land use and land cover. This update heavily relies on the methodology for creating GTAP LULC v.9 and v.10 which downscales national-level land cover crop production and harvested area statistics from FAOSTAT (FAO, 2023). |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gta:resmem:7407 |
| By: | Faißt, Christian (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Hamann, Silke (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Jahn, Daniel (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Janser, Markus (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Otto, Anne (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Wapler, Rüdiger (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Wydra-Somaggio, Gabriele (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany) |
| Abstract: | "Die ökologische Transformation hat weitreichende Auswirkungen auf den gesamten Arbeitsmarkt und gleichfalls auf die Anforderungen in Berufen. So lässt sich in der jüngeren Vergangenheit in Deutschland ein Bedeutungswandel von Berufen mit überwiegend umweltbelastenden hin zu solchen mit mehr umweltschonenden Kompetenzen beobachten. Im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Studie steht die Frage, welche Intensität dieser Wandel an Kompetenzen bei Berufen im Beobachtungszeitraum von 2013 bis 2022 in Baden-Württemberg aufweist. In der Studie wird zum einen betrachtet, wie sich der Stellenwert von umweltfreundlichen Berufen für die Gesamtbeschäftigung in diesem Bundesland sowie in dessen Regionen entwickelt hat. Zum anderen wird die Bedeutung unterschiedlicher Wirkungskanäle für den beruflichen Wandel analysiert. Die ökologische Transformation wird auf Grundlage eines Tätigkeitsansatzes untersucht. Hierzu wird für jeden Beruf der Greenness-of-Jobs-Index berechnet, welcher innerhalb jeden Berufs auf der Differenz von umweltfreundlichen („Green“) und umweltschädlichen („Brown“) Skills beruht. Im Bundesländervergleich fällt im Jahr 2022 der Beschäftigtenanteil von Berufen mit Green Skills in Baden-Württemberg (19, 4 %) erheblich geringer aus, der Beschäftigtenanteil von Berufen mit Brown Skills bewegt sich aber im Mittelfeld. In allen Bundesländern hat sich der Anteil der Beschäftigten in Berufen mit Green Skills stark erhöht, aber die Anteile der Beschäftigung in Berufen mit Brown Skills haben sich nur jeweils geringfügig verringert. Die Beschäftigung in Berufen mit Green Skills stieg in Baden-Württemberg von 2013 bis 2022 um knapp 57 Prozent und damit weitaus deutlicher verglichen mit dem Zuwachs von Berufen mit Brown Skills (ca. 15 %) und auch dem Beschäftigungsaufbau insgesamt (ca. 18 %). Die Frage ist, welche Wirkungskanäle für diese Entwicklung verantwortlich sind. Hierfür wurden zwei unterschiedliche Effekte des beruflichen Wandels auf die Beschäftigung verglichen. Auf der einen Seite können neue Beschäftigungen in Berufen mit Green Skills aufgenommen werden, ohne dass sich die Kompetenzstruktur des Berufs verändert hat. Auf der anderen Seite können Kompetenzen in einem vorher als White oder Brown eingestuften Beruf sich derart geändert haben, dass dieser Beruf dann als einer mit Green Skills eingestuft wird. Die vergleichende Betrachtung der Entwicklung der Gesamtbeschäftigung – Effekte aufgrund von konstanter und veränderter Kompetenzstruktur – hat für Baden-Württemberg gezeigt, dass die Beschäftigung in Berufen mit Green Skills stärker dadurch gestiegen ist, dass die Zahl der Berufe, die 2022 (aber nicht 2013) zu den umweltschonenden Berufen zählen, zunahm, als durch die zusätzlich noch neu entstandenen Beschäftigungsverhältnisse in den Berufen. D. h. vor allem der Wandel innerhalb der Berufe spielt hier eine entscheidende Rolle. Die Beschäftigung in Berufen mit Brown Skills ist insgesamt nicht so stark gewachsen; der Bedeutungszuwachs in Berufen mit Brown Skills war unter Einbeziehung der Veränderung der Kompetenzstruktur höher als bei konstanter Kompetenzstruktur. Außerdem zeigt die Analyse zur Änderung der Struktur der neu begonnenen Beschäftigungen in Baden-Württemberg ebenfalls, dass sich deren Zusammensetzung zugunsten von Berufen mit Green Skills verändert hat. Zudem hat der Anteil von Beschäftigungswechseln aus Berufen mit White bzw. Brown Skills in solche mit Green Skills in der Vergangenheit deutlich zugenommen. Berufswechsel sind daher für den Wandel der Berufe im Zuge der ökologischen Transformation erheblich. Hinzu kommt, dass jüngere Menschen häufiger eine (duale) Berufsausbildung in einem Beruf mit vorwiegend umweltschützenden Skills begonnen haben. Die vorliegende Studie hat gezeigt, dass vor allem die Veränderung der Zusammensetzung der Kompetenzen in einem Beruf die Verschiebung der Beschäftigung in Richtung der umweltschonenden Berufe in Baden-Württemberg maßgeblich bestimmt hat, d. h. vor allem der Wandel innerhalb der Berufe spielt eine entscheidende Rolle." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku, © De Gruyter) |
| Keywords: | IAB-Open-Access-Publikation |
| Date: | 2025–01–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabrbw:202501 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Fiscal & Monetary Policy Infrastructure Economics and Finance-Infrastructure Economics |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39578 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Water Resources-Water Economics Infrastructure Economics and Finance-Infrastructure Economics |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39518 |
| By: | Alexander M. Danzer; Helen Zeidler |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the link between dynamically inconsistent time preferences and individual food waste behavior. Food waste is conceptualized as unintentional outcome of choices along the food consumption chain. Capitalizing on a nationally representative longitudinal survey from Germany, we construct targeted metrics of food consumption and waste behaviors. We find that more present-biased individuals waste more food. Our study investigates the behavioral mechanism that involves postponing domestic consumption of healthy food despite good consumption intentions, resulting in food spoilage. Studying inconsistencies between grocery shopping and food preparation is pivotal for understanding the significant, persistent amounts of food waste within households. |
| Keywords: | dynamic inconsistency, food consumption, food waste, healthy eating. |
| JEL: | D12 D15 Q53 Q18 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11781 |
| By: | Matej Opatrny (Charles University Environment Centre, Institute of Economics Studies); Milan Scasny (Charles University Environment Centre, Institute of Economics Studies) |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces a novel composite energy poverty indicator, the M2LIHC, which combines elements of the twice-median expenditure share (2M) and Low Income High Cost (LIHC) measures. Using a unique dataset merging the Czech Household Budget Survey and EU-SILC data from 2017-2022, we demonstrate how this hybrid approach provides new insights into energy poverty dynamics. The M2LIHC indicator addresses key limitations of existing metrics, avoiding the LIHC measure´s counterintuitive response to income changes in the lowest decile and mitigating the 2M indicator´s potential overestimation of energy poverty among higher-income households with high energy costs. Our comparative analysis reveals significant differences in energy poverty rates and household characteristics identified by each indicator. The M2LIHC measure proves more robust to income fluctuations than LIHC while maintaining sensitivity to both income and energy cost components. We find energy poverty in the Czech Republic has increased across all indicators from 2017 to 2022, with the M2LIHC indicator suggesting a rise from 8.9% to 13.5%. To further validate our approach, we employ the DASMOD (Distributional And Social Impact Model) to simulate various energy and climate policy scenarios. These simulations demonstrate the complex effects of compensation policies on energy poverty measures, with M2LIHC providing a more nuanced view of policy impacts. By providing a more comprehensive and theoretically consistent measure of energy poverty, coupled with policy simulation capabilities, the M2LIHC indicator offers policymakers an improved tool for targeting support and assessing the effectiveness of energy poverty alleviation strategies in the context of energy transitions and climate policies. |
| Keywords: | Energy poverty, LIHC indicator, M2/LIHC Indicator |
| JEL: | D12 D14 D63 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fau:wpaper:wp2025_06 |
| By: | Barbrook-Johnson, Peter; Cox, Domenica; Penn, Alexandra |
| Abstract: | In recent years, there has been a marked rise in the use of systems thinking approaches in UK policy making institutions, especially in environmental domains. To better understand practice 'on the ground', we conduct a review of examples of systems thinking projects being run by, or for, the UK government in these domains. We conduct a semi-systematic review of grey, academic, and unpublished literature, and interview researchers and policy makers involved in projects. We find evidence of the growing popularity of systems thinking across environmental policy areas. Typically, systems thinking projects concentrate on building understanding during the early stages of the policy cycle. We find fewer instances of it being used in direct instrumental applications and few applications in policy implementation. This reflects a perception of systems thinking as an exploratory tool, and in some cases, as a luxury. Projects employing systems thinking approaches exhibit a diverse array of designs, funding structures, and expertise sources, with both in-house and consultancy-style contributions. We find few project evaluations, discussion of conditions for success or failure predominantly centre on basic good practice. This reflects the inherent challenge in quantifying changes in mental models, with limited time and resource constraints. This poses an obstacle to establishing good practice for systems thinking and achieving broader adoption. Wider socialisation of systems thinking and its value propositions, that challenge perceptions of it as a luxury or exploratory-only tool, and more evaluation of its use, are key priorities for broader adoption. |
| Keywords: | Systems thinking, policy making, environmental policy, energy policy, policy analysis |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2025-06 |
| By: | Primov, Abdulla |
| Abstract: | In Uzbekistan, land is more appropriate for cultivating fruits and vegetables. Since independence, the government of Uzbekistan has implemented a number of agricultural policies such as making some crucial structural reforms at the farms, comprising different institutions and enhancing diversification of agricultural production in order to stabilize on agricultural sector of the country. Therefore, crop diversity has an important role in sustainable agriculture. The main objective of the study is to analyze the degree and extent of crop diversification among farmers. We calculated the diversification index based on the Simpson Diversity Index method. The study revealed the mean computed Simpson Index values indicate that diversity index was found 0.59, 0.45, 0.56 and 0.62 for Andijan, Karakalpakstan, Kashkadarya and Tashkent regions, respectively. This implies that Tashkent region farmers shifted towards more diversification cropping patterns than other counterparts of the country. The overall result in the four states combined in this study reveals a mean Simpson Index within the sample of farmers was 0.56. This suggests that the farmers in the study areas were not too diversified in their cropping pattern. While cultivating several crop species also helps the farmers to manage both price and production risks which attains more food options for the household and income through marketing the produce from the surpluses. |
| Keywords: | Crop diversification, Simpson Diversification Index, Cropping patterns, Uzbekistan |
| JEL: | Q1 D13 D31 O18 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:313532 |
| By: | Arnita Rishanty (Bank Indonesia); M. Cahyaningtyas (Bank Indonesia); Rudy Marhastari (Bank Indonesia); Rizki Fitrama (Bank Indonesia); Retno Puspita K. Wicaksono (Bank Indonesia); Rivky Rasyid (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | This study is to identify the benefits of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) participation in the industry supply chains and to analyze the commitments, enablers, and obstacles that shape MSME involvement in the supply chains of medium and large industries. The integration of MSME into the manufacturing industry supply chain is crucial for advancing economic development and fostering sustainable growth. Currently, the proportion of MSME that have entered supply chains remains low, indicating significant potential for increasing MSME contributions to the manufacturing sector. Building on the results of the mixed method approach comprising Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Partial Least SquaresStructural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis, and case study analysis of two high-value-added sectors (identified through input-output table analysis), rubber and automotive sectors, this study has identified the significance of MSME participation in supply chains, as well as the factors influencing MSME performance. This study suggests that supply chain financing (SCF) plays a critical role in ensuring the commitment of MSME to be part of the industrial supply chains, which in turn positively and significantly affects MSME performance. Supply chain commitment is also suggested to mediate the relationship between SCF and MSME performance. Further, the study identifies challenges faced by MSME and delivers policy recommendations for regulators in supporting MSME |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Growth, MSME, Supply Chain |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp052024 |
| By: | Kuhnert, Heike; Aulrich, Karen; Bussemas, Ralf; Klinkmann, Dirk; von Meyer-Höfer, Marie; Veit, Christina; Werner, Daniela; Witten, Stephanie |
| Abstract: | Der inländische Pro-Kopf-Verbrauch von Schweinefleisch ist rückläufig: Er lag im Jahr 2023 bei noch 34, 5 kg, gegenüber 50, 2 kg Pro-Kopf-Verbrauch in 2010. Die sinkende Nachfrage wird begleitet von einer anhaltenden gesellschaftlichen Diskussion über Tierwohl- und Umweltaspekte der deutschen Schweinehaltung. Der Anpassungsdruck auf die Branche war in den letzten Jahren hoch und wird es voraussichtlich weiterhin bleiben. Die ökologische Tierhaltung gilt generell als eine mögliche Option, mit der die Erwartungen der Gesellschaft und der Konsumenten an die Tierhaltung erfüllt werden könnten. Innerhalb der stetig gewachsenen ökologischen Erzeugung und Nachfrage nach Öko-Lebensmitteln in Deutschland haben Fleisch- und Wurstwaren bislang jedoch eine vergleichsweise geringe Bedeutung. Die Schweinehaltung fristet im Ökolandbau seit Langem ein Schattendasein: Der Anteil der ökologisch gehaltenen Schweine an allen Mastschweinen lag im Jahr 2021 bei rund einem Prozent. Das vorliegende Thünen Working Paper enthält eine SWOT-Analyse der Branche "Öko-Schwein" in Deutschland (SWOT: Strengths = Stärken, Weaknesses = Schwächen, Opportunities = Chancen sowie Threats = Risiken), die auf vielfältigen eigenen Vorarbeiten des Autorenteams basiert. Wesentliche Ergebnisse der Analyse sind: • Stärken und Chancen: Stärken der Branche "Öko-Schwein" bestehen vor allem in einem hohen Tierwohlpotenzial und der Begrenzung von regionalen Nährstoffüberschüssen bei der Erzeugung in Regionen mit hohen Viehbesätzen. Das positive Image des Ökolandbaus und damit von Öko-Fleisch- und Wurstwaren macht die Sortimente für den Lebensmitteleinzelhandel (LEH) zur eigenen "grünen" Profilierung interessant. Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt das zunehmende Interesse des LEH am Ausbau dieser Sortimente eine Chance für die Öko-Schweinehaltung dar, ebenso wie eine stärkere Ausrichtung der Essensangebote in der AußerHaus-Verpflegung im Hinblick auf Nachhaltigkeitsaspekte. • Schwächen und Risiken: Als Schwächen der Branche "Öko-Schwein" sind auf Ebene der landwirtschaftlichen Erzeugung hohe Produktionskosten und hohe Hürden für Neueinsteiger zu benennen. Eine kleinteilige und zersplitterte Erzeugungsstruktur macht die Rohwarenbeschaffung für Verarbeitungsunternehmen vergleichsweise schwierig und teuer. Die Preisabstände zwischen herkömmlich und ökologisch erzeugten Produkten sind relativ groß, das absolute Preisniveau für die Öko-Produkte ist hoch. Risiken werden vor allem in einer zunehmend kritischen Bewertung des Fleischkonsums generell und der Diskrepanz zwischen gesellschaftlichen Erwartungen und vorhandener Preisbereitschaft für höherpreisige Produkte gesehen. Aus Sicht des Öko-Sektors ist auch die (gesellschaftlich wünschenswerte) Ausdifferenzierung des Gesamtmarktes in Richtung mehr Tierwohl und Regionalität als Risiko einzustufen. • Handlungsbedarf: Generell sieht das Autorenteam politischen Klärungsbedarf im Hinblick auf die Transformation der Nutztierhaltung in Deutschland. Speziell für die Branche "Öko-Schwein" sehen wir auf allen Ebenen der Wertschöpfungskette Entwicklungsbedarf, um die Basis für eine Ausweitung der ökologischen Schweinhaltung zu verbessern: Diese reichen von der Erschließung von Nachfragepotenzialen, dem Ausbau von regionalen und überregionalen Wertschöpfungsketten bis zur produktionstechnischen Weiterentwicklung der Systeme auf Erzeugerebene. Aus ökonomischer Sicht ist die langjährig verhaltene Entwicklung der Erzeugung ein Anzeichen für mangelnde Rentabilität. Für fundierte ökonomische Analysen, die nicht zuletzt investitionsinteressierten Betrieben als Entscheidungsgrundlage dienen können, sollte ein methodischer Ansatz entwickelt und umgesetzt werden, der die Berechnung von Produktionskosten für unterschiedliche und im Ökolandbau typische Haltungssysteme ermöglicht. Dabei sollten sowohl größere Bestände mit Fokus auf den überregionalen Absatz als auch kleinere Bestände mit Fokus auf die Direktvermarktung bzw. regional ausgerichtete Vermarktung einschließlich mobiler Schlachtkonzepte betrachtet werden. |
| Abstract: | Domestic consumption of pork has been declining for some time. It decreased from 50.2 kg per capita consumption in 2010 to 34.5 kg in 2023. The falling demand is accompanied by an ongoing social debate about animal welfare and environmental aspects of pig farming in Germany. The pressure on the whole German pig branch to adapt has been high in recent years and is expected to remain so. Organic livestock farming is generally seen as a possible option that could fulfil society's and consumers' expectations of livestock farming. Within the steadily growing organic production and demand for organic food in Germany, meat products have so far played a comparatively minor role. Pig farming has long led a shadowy existence in organic farming: The share of organically housed pigs in all fattening pigs was around one per cent in 2021. This Thünen Working Paper contains a SWOT analysis (S = Strengths, W = Weaknesses, O = Opportunities, T = Threats) of the organic pig branch in Germany. It is based on the authors' own scientific work. Key results of the analysis are: • Strengths and opportunities: The strengths of the organic pig branch lie primarily in its high animal welfare potential and the limitation of regional nutrient surpluses in organic pig farming in regions with high livestock density. The positive image of the organic sector as a whole and of organic meat products in particular makes the product range interesting for the food retailers' (LEH) 'green' profiling. Against this backdrop, the increasing interest of food retailers in expanding these product ranges represents an opportunity for organic pig farming, as do the changing sustainability requirements in relation to food offerings in the out-of-home sector. • Weaknesses and risks: The weaknesses of the organic pig branch at the level of agricultural production are high production costs and high hurdles for new entrants to the branch. A small-scale and fragmented production structure makes the procurement of raw materials comparatively difficult and expensive for processing companies. The price differences between conventionally and organically produced product variants are relatively large, and the absolute price level for organic product variants is high. Risks are seen foremost in an increasingly critical assessment of meat consumption in general and the discrepancy between social expectations and the willingness to pay higher prices for products. From the perspective of the organic branch, the (socially desirable) differentiation of the overall market in the direction of greater animal welfare and regionality is also to be categorised as a risk. • Need for action: In general, the team of authors sees a need for political clarification with regard to the transformation of livestock farming in Germany. For the organic pig branch in particular, we see a need for development at all levels of the value chain in order to improve the basis for an expansion of organic pig farming: These range from the development of demand potential, the expansion of regional and supraregional value chains to the further development of systems at farm level in terms of production technology. From an economic point of view, the long-term restrained development of production is an indication of a lack of profitability. For well-founded economic analyses, a methodological approach that enables the calculation of production costs for different and typical husbandry systems in organic farming should be developed and implemented. This approach can serve as a basis for decision-making for farms interested in investing. Both larger flocks focusing on supra-regional sales and smaller flocks focusing on direct marketing or regionally oriented marketing, including mobile slaughter concepts, should be considered. |
| Keywords: | Ökologische Schweineerzeugung, SWOT-Analyse, Öko-Schwein, Öko-Marktentwicklung, Organic pig production, SWOT analyses, organic pigs, organic market, market development |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:312564 |
| By: | Tschiedel, Christian; Feiter, Tim; Kock, Alexander |
| Abstract: | This article presents an in-depth case study on cross-sectoral collaborative business model development (CBMD) that is pressured to produce systemic sustainability transformations. Drawing on paradox theory, we identify three paradoxical tensions—value, creativity, and consumer tensions. While engaging these tensions offers synergy and creativity potential, engagement barriers limit stakeholders’ ability to harness this potential. Stakeholder networks can access synergy potential by engaging meso-level tensions through increased trust and collaboration. Yet, macro-level engagement barriers posed by governments and society lead to a reliance on incumbent patterns and reduce creativity. This research advocates for reconsidering CBMD processes and regulatory frameworks to enable engagement with these paradoxical tensions. Our implications offer insights for industries transitioning from centralized models to more individualized, decentralized approaches. The findings underscore the necessity of promoting reciprocal interactions and engagement across different levels and the early integration and strategic orchestration of stakeholders to cultivate trust and align objectives. |
| Date: | 2025–03–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:153722 |
| By: | Tschiedel, Christian; Feiter, Tim; Kock, Alexander |
| Abstract: | This article presents an in-depth case study on cross-sectoral collaborative business model development (CBMD) that is pressured to produce systemic sustainability transformations. Drawing on paradox theory, we identify three paradoxical tensions—value, creativity, and consumer tensions. While engaging these tensions offers synergy and creativity potential, engagement barriers limit stakeholders’ ability to harness this potential. Stakeholder networks can access synergy potential by engaging meso-level tensions through increased trust and collaboration. Yet, macro-level engagement barriers posed by governments and society lead to a reliance on incumbent patterns and reduce creativity. This research advocates for reconsidering CBMD processes and regulatory frameworks to enable engagement with these paradoxical tensions. Our implications offer insights for industries transitioning from centralized models to more individualized, decentralized approaches. The findings underscore the necessity of promoting reciprocal interactions and engagement across different levels and the early integration and strategic orchestration of stakeholders to cultivate trust and align objectives. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:154038 |
| By: | Tetsuji OKAZAKI; Toshihiro Okubo; Eric Strobl |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the role of life insurance buffering negative income shocks on schooling. We focus on middle school grade promotion rates under earthquake disasters in early 20th century Japan. We constructed a dataset on grade promotions by gender, life insurance claims, and information on the deadliness of earthquakes, at the prefecture-level. The results of mediation analyses indicate that life insurance significantly buffered the negative impact of earthquakes on the promotion of boys to higher grades, while for girls the buffering effect of life insurance was mostly small and insignificant, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction. |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cnn:wpaper:25-010e |
| By: | Jihad Issami (laboratoire de recherche en sciences de gestion des organisations - ENCG Kenitra); Mariam Cherqaoui (laboratoire de recherche en sciences de gestion des organisations - ENCG Kenitra); Morchid Meryeme (laboratoire de recherche en sciences de gestion des organisations - ENCG Kenitra) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the role of economic inclusion and revenue improvement programs in advancing Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG 8): Decent Work and Economic Growth, with a particular focus on Morocco's INDH Program 3 in Kénitra Province. The research explores how targeted initiatives contribute to youth employment, entrepreneurial development, and income improvement in marginalized regions. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data analysis from official reports with qualitative insights gathered through interviews with program beneficiaries and stakeholders. The study's sample consists of 4, 954 program participants aged 18 to 45, including 33% women. The empirical analysis focuses on key variables such as educational background, gender distribution, sectoral focus, and the effectiveness of capacity-building programs. The findings reveal that INDH Program 3 has significantly contributed to job creation and economic inclusion, particularly in the services and crafts sectors, which account for 79% of supported projects. However, challenges persist in achieving gender parity and expanding access to underrepresented fields such as agriculture and education. The study underscores the importance of strengthening gender-focused strategies, diversifying sectoral interventions, and improving post-creation business support to enhance long-term program sustainability. This research contributes to the literature on local economic development by offering an indepth case study of a government-led inclusion initiative. Policy recommendations emphasize the need for scalable entrepreneurial support mechanisms, tailored financial assistance, and a more inclusive approach to economic participation to maximize impact. Keywords : Economic Inclusion, Sustainable Development Goal 8, INDH Program 3, Youth Employment, Revenue Improvement Programs |
| Keywords: | Economic Inclusion, Sustainable Development Goal 8, INDH Program 3, Youth Employment, Revenue Improvement Programs |
| Date: | 2025–02–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04997631 |
| By: | Bianchetti, Luca; Lacaze, María Victoria; Catelén, Ana Laura |
| Abstract: | El presente estudio examina la disponibilidad y calidad de la información necesaria, a partir de un marco conceptual multidimensional diseñado para el Sur Global, para monitorear la transición energética en Argentina. A partir de un arqueo de fuentes, datos y variables disponibles, se identificaron deficiencias en la generación y sistematización de la información requerida, destacando particularmente la falta de datos en la denominada dimensión de democracia y ciudadanía. La investigación pone en evidencia la existencia de desafíos significativos, en el contexto argentino y materia de generación de información, para el desarrollo de políticas energéticas efectivas. |
| Keywords: | Economía de la Energía; Transición Energética; Desarrollo Sostenible; Energías Renovables; Argentina; |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4273 |
| By: | Wetterau, Rosalie Ina; Schroeder, Lilli; Heidecke, Claudia; Maier, Martin; Egenolf, Konrad |
| Abstract: | Humus - auch organische Bodensubstanz - ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für viele Bodenfunktionen sowie die Ausbildung einer guten Bodenstruktur. Damit einhergehend kann der Aufbau und Erhalt von Humus einen Beitrag zu Klimaschutz und -anpassung leisten, was immer mehr an politischer und öffentlicher Bedeutung gewinnt. In Bezug auf die Umsetzung humusaufbauender landwirtschaftlicher Praktiken, kann ein bestehendes Wissensdefizit bei LandwirtInnen ein Hemmnis darstellen, welches durch entsprechende Beratung abgebaut werden kann. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, das Angebot, den Bedarf, und die Ausgestaltung der Beratung zum Thema Humusaufbau zu bewerten. Dazu wurde, im Rahmen einer Masterarbeit, zunächst eine Literaturrecherche durchgeführt und ein Überblick über das bereits bestehende Angebot der Humusberatung in Deutschland erarbeitet. Durch eine Online-Umfrage mit 40 LandwirtInnen aus dem Modell- und Demonstrationsvorhaben HumusKlimaNetz wurden ihre derzeitige Inanspruchnahme, ihr Interesse und wichtige Kriterien für die Ausgestaltung der Humusberatung herausgearbeitet. Die Auswertung erfolgte hauptsächlich deskriptiv, mit statistischen Tests sowie mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse. Es zeigte sich eine geringe Thematisierung von Humusaufbau und -erhalt in der Berufsausbildung sowie in der allgemeinen Ackerbauberatung der befragten LandwirtInnen, was die Notwendigkeit einer Humusberatung verdeutlicht. Insgesamt 43 % der befragten LandwirtInnen haben bereits eine Humusberatung in Anspruch genommen, vordergründig in der Privatberatung und bei Vereinen bzw. Verbänden. Bei 90 % der Befragten besteht das Interesse zukünftig eine Humusberatung vorzugsweise bei Vereinen und Verbänden, der staatlichen Offizialberatung und den Landwirtschaftskammern wahrzunehmen. Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten liegen einerseits in der öffentlichen Förderung, andererseits in der hohen Zahlungsbereitschaft von 65 % der befragten LandwirtInnen. Methodisch sollte für die befragten LandwirtInnen der Schwerpunkt auf Medien, Informationsveranstaltungen und dem Erfahrungsaustausch mit BerufskollegInnen liegen. Etwa 69 bis 83 % der LandwirtInnen können sich außerdem vorstellen, jährlich eine einzelbetriebliche Beratung (inkl. Bodenuntersuchungen und Humusbilanzierung) in Anspruch zu nehmen. Basierend auf den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen in dieser Arbeit wird empfohlen, die einzelbetriebliche Planung von schlagspezifischen humusaufbauenden Maßnahmen zu erweitern, weitere Untersuchungen durchzuführen und zu prüfen, ob Humusberatung als Teil eines integrierten Umwelt- und Klima-Beratungsansatzes angeboten werden kann. |
| Abstract: | Humus - also known as soil organic matter - is of crucial importance for many soil functions and the formation of a good soil structure. The increase and preservation of humus can therefore contribute to climate protection and adaptation, which is becoming more important both politically and publicly. Regarding the implementation of humus-building agricultural practices, an existing knowledge deficit among farmers can represent a barrier that can be overcome through appropriate advice. Based on a final Master Thesis, the aim of this study was to evaluate the supply, demand and design of advice on the topic of humus formation. For this, a literature review was first carried out and an overview of existing humus advisory services in Germany was compiled. An online survey of 40 farmers from the HumusKlimaNetz model and demonstration project was carried out to determine the current use of interest in humus advice and important criteria for its design. The evaluation was mainly done descriptive, but also using statistical tests and qualitative content analysis. There was little discussion of humus formation and maintenance in vocational training and in general arable farming advice for the interviewed farmers, which illustrates their need for humus advice. A total of 43 % of the farmers surveyed have already taken advantage of humus advice, primarily in private advice and from clubs or associations. 90 % of those surveyed are interested in receiving humus advice in the future, preferably from associations and organizations, the official state advisory service and the chambers of agriculture. Funding opportunities lie on the one hand in public funding and on the other hand in the high willingness to pay by the farmers (65 % of the farmers surveyed). Methodologically, for the interviewed farmers, the focus should be on media, information events and the exchange of experiences with colleagues. Around 69 to 83 % of the farmers could also imagine taking advantage of an annual individual farm consultation (including soil tests and humus balancing). Based on the knowledge gained in this study, it is recommended to expand the individual farm planning of field-specific humus-building measures but to carry out further studies first and to check, if humus advice can be implemented as part of an integrated environment- and climate advisory approach. |
| Keywords: | Humus, Bodenkohlenstoff, Beratung, Landwirtschaft, Ackerbau, Bodenfurchtbarkeit, Humus, soil organic carbon, farm advisory service, agriculture, arable farming, soil fertility |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:313003 |
| By: | Hwang, Kyung In (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | Concerns over the recent downturn in the battery industry are growing, primarily due to the slowdown in the electric vehicle (EV) industry, which accounts for 70 to 80 percent of total battery demand. The market for battery electric vehicles (BEVs), or cars powered entirely by rechargeable batteries, has entered a contractionary phase in Europe, has shrunk by 2.2 percent in the first half of 2024. BEV sales growth has also fallen off in the United States, recording just four percent growth in the first half of 2024, a steep decline from the 54-percent-growth figure posted in 2023. Battery makers had a rough 2024, largely due to the slowdown in BEV sales as well as price declines caused by falling prices for minerals and other key battery ingredients. There are some positives, however, including the prospect for a demand recovery in Europe as the bloc introduces stricter regulations on carbon emissions, and as the prices of important raw materials begin to stabilize. But the second administration of current US President Donald Trump poses an enormous risk to battery makers worldwide. Up to this point, American battery demand has lifted the fortunes of South Korean battery makers. But if the Trump administration follows through with its threats to repeal, revise, or retract some of the critical incentives of the Inflation Reduction Act, demand for Korean batteries could collapse, sending shockwaves through the industry. Nevertheless, batteries are poised to remain a core technology in global electrification, decarbonization, and digital transformation efforts, and in the long run, the industry is likely to continue down a path of structural growth. This paper proposes a two-pronged policy package designed to help Korean battery makers navigate these choppy waters. First, it is essential for South Korea to persuade the new US administration to shape future battery policies in a way that is favorable to South Korea by emphasizing the achievements of Korean investments in the United States and Korean companies’ efforts to establish a battery supply chain outside the Chinese sphere of influence. Second, since the market is likely to rebound at some point, it is crucial to expand tax incentives and increase R&D funding to ensure that Korean companies can continue making investments even during periods of business turbulence. |
| Keywords: | secondary batteries; rechargeable batteries; electric vehicles; EVs; battery industry; LG Energy Solution; SK On; Samsung SDI; CATL; Xiaomi; BYD; South Korea; China; Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade; KIET |
| JEL: | L62 L65 |
| Date: | 2024–11–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kietrp:2024_011 |
| By: | Bruno Boidin (CLERSÉ - Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Catherine Figuiere (CREG - Centre de recherche en économie de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Géraldine Froger (LEREPS - Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Economie, les Politiques et les Systèmes Sociaux - UT Capitole - Université Toulouse Capitole - UT - Université de Toulouse - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT - Université de Toulouse - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Toulouse - ENSFEA - École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville) |
| Abstract: | Contexte Les pays dits du Sud sont des terrains d'innovations sociales et environnementales majeurs en dépit de leurs grandes difficultés à aborder aujourd'hui les défis environnementaux et climatiques. A côté d'une vision dominante de l'économie et du développement axée sur l'énergie fossile et l'intégration dans les chaines de valeur globales, des voix et des approches différentes se sont depuis longtemps faites entendre. Ces dernières se trouvent à la fois du côté des chercheurs et penseurs critiques en économie du développement (Ignacy Sachs, François Perroux, Albert Otto Hirschman…) et du côté des pratiques (agroécologie, économie familiale et locale, communs locaux…). En parallèle, depuis plus de deux décennies, des travaux académiques se sont penchés sur la question des enjeux environnementaux par une autre porte d'entrée : celle de l'économie écologique et en particulier, de la socio économie écologique. Celle-ci entend renouer avec les fondements de l'économie écologique, qui s'était constituée dès la fin des années 1980 en rupture avec l'économie de l'environnement et des ressources naturelles, dans une perspective transdisciplinaire en soutenabilité forte, exprimant la volonté explicite de rompre avec le paradigme scientifique dominant en économie – fondé sur le marché et l'homo economicus comme concepts centraux, et sur la recherche de l'efficience comme finalité. En reprenant à son compte l'expression de « socio économie écologique », Clive Spash (2024) entend redonner à l'économie écologique des racines à la fois ontologiques, épistémologiques et méthodologiques, et une ouverture affirmée non seulement sur les sciences de l'environnement mais aussi sur les sciences humaines et sociales. De nombreux travaux de socio économistes écologiques portent sur les Suds (Martinez Alier 2003 ; Muradian et Martinez Alier 2001 ; Méral et Pesche, 2016 ; Froger, 2022). On peut ainsi considérer, aujourd'hui, qu'il existe une proximité entre au moins trois traditions de l'économie politique (AFEP, 2023) consacrée aux questions du développement dans les Suds en lien avec des enjeux environnementaux : l'approche des « anciens » économistes du développement hétérodoxes, qu'ils soient ou non classés chez les structuralistes ou les marxistes et qui ont toujours été critiques par rapport au modèle productiviste et financier du développement ; l'approche originale des penseurs critiques ayant proposé des notions nouvelles (écodéveloppement chez Sachs, décroissance ou post-croissance ou post-développement chez d'autres) ; enfin l'approche spécifique des socio économistes écologiques en rupture avec l'économie dominante. Problématique Cette communication cherche à établir des ponts entre ces différentes approches, partant du constat qu'elles sont rarement réunies ou comparées dans les travaux en économie politique, malgré leur proximité sur bien des points. En d'autres termes, nous proposons l'hypothèse selon laquelle Sachs, en tant qu'institutionnaliste du développement qui intègre systématiquement l'environnement (écodéveloppement) dès la fin des années 1960, pourrait constituer une « charnière » entre, d'une part, les institutionnalistes du développement qui s'intéressent à l'environnement, et d'autre part, les socio économistes écologiques qui s'intéressent au développement. Plus spécifiquement, nous cherchons à répondre à trois questions liées. 1/ Existe-t-il une socio économie écologique des Suds/du développement ? Si oui quelles sont ses particularités ? Cette question cherche à vérifier l'existence d'un corpus significatif de travaux mobilisant la démarche de la socio économie écologique dans les pays du Sud et à spécifier le cas échéant (voir question 3) les expériences qui constitueraient des objets privilégiés d'analyse dans cette approche. Sur ce point, Froger (2022) a déjà mis en évidence la pertinence d'une socio-économie écologique appliquée au développement dans les pays du Suds, et ce sillon mérite d'être creusé. 2/ Si elle existe, cette socio économie écologique des Suds présente-t-elle une proximité avec l'écodéveloppement d'Ignacy Sachs ? Boidin et Figuière (à paraître) estiment qu'Ignacy Sachs peut être rangé parmi les institutionnalistes du développement mais demeure original et en ce sens inclassable à plusieurs égards. Comme il a été souligné par Figuière et Metereau (2021), il existe une congruence certaine entre l'écodéveloppement et la socio économie écologique mais il conviendrait de pousser plus loin l'analyse en vérifiant cette conclusion sur les terrains de prédilection d'Ignacy Sachs (les « Suds » et pays émergents). 3/ Quelles sont ou quelles peuvent être les applications de la socio économie écologique dans les pays des Suds ? Plus précisément, il conviendrait de distinguer des études empiriques qui pourraient être qualifiées de « congruentes » avec les conclusions voire les préconisations de la socio économie écologique de celles qui seraient réalisées par les auteurs de la socio économie écologique à proprement parler dans une perspective de soutenabilité forte des politiques de développement. Quelles sont les convergences et les divergences de ces travaux avec ceux réalisés par les institutionnalistes du développement intéressés par les enjeux environnementaux ? Méthode En termes de méthode, la démarche de cette communication s'inscrit dans la continuité de travaux précédents des auteurs, en socio économie du développement, socio économie écologique et écodéveloppement (mise en perspective de l'œuvre prolifique mais parfois méconnue d'Ignacy Sachs). Le point de jonction entre ces différents éléments est l'inscription dans une approche institutionnaliste hétérodoxe. Cette démarche est fondée sur une revue de littérature préalable sur la socio économie écologique appliquée aux Suds (le volet le moins étudié à notre connaissance). Elle consistera à établir des critères de comparaison entre les institutionnalismes du développement, l'écodéveloppement d'Ignacy Sachs et la socio économie écologique appliquée aux Suds. Ces critères seront ensuite appliqués et permettront de détailler les grands traits de convergence et les différences entre ces trois socles, afin de proposer des réponses aux trois questions posées (cf. en annexe une première version des critères de comparaison). Organisation du propos Une première section portera sur l'élaboration des critères de comparaison (le tableau et sa construction), critères qui seront mobilisés dans un deuxième temps pour établir les congruences/convergences et différences entre les trois « groupes » de travaux. La troisième section comparera les objets des « pratiques dans les Suds » relevant de l'un ou l'autre des trois « corpus » (cette troisième section portera donc plus particulièrement sur des communs environnementaux). |
| Keywords: | écodéveloppement, socio-économie écologique, institutionnalismes, Suds, soutenabilité forte |
| Date: | 2025–06–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05000643 |
| By: | Christophe Blot (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Elsa Feltz (OCDE - Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development); Mathieu Plane (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po) |
| Abstract: | Malgré une croissance dynamique et un taux de chômage bas, l'économie américaine fait face à d'importants déséquilibres budgétaires et commerciaux. Par ailleurs, le vote des Américains en novembre 2024 témoigne d'un important mécontentement des citoyens à l'égard de leur situation économique. En élisant Donald Trump pour un nouveau mandat, les Américains ont fait le choix économique, environnemental et social d'une baisse de leurs impôts, d'une réduction massive du rôle de l'État fédéral, de la baisse de l'immigration, d'un protectionnisme accru envers l'industrie américaine, et d'une dérégulation, notamment dans le domaine de l'environnement. Ce Policy brief analyse les conséquences économiques pour les États-Unis et l'Europe des différentes propositions de Donald Trump pendant sa campagne et ses premières décisions depuis son investiture. Alors que les évaluations du programme économique pendant la campagne présidentielle avaient surtout mis en avant le risque de détérioration de la situation des finances publiques, les premières semaines du mandat de Donald Trump ont été économiquement marquées par des annonces de coupes budgétaires et des hausses de tarifs douaniers. De fait, étant donné l'objectif de réduction des dépenses, la politique budgétaire pourrait s'avérer bien moins expansionniste qu'annoncée, voire restrictive, si bien que l'économie ne serait pas stimulée par la politique budgétaire. En revanche, la perspective d'une augmentation des droits de douane et les expulsions envisagées d'immigrés illégaux devraient non seulement se traduire par une inflation plus élevée mais pèseraient également sur l'activité. L'effet négatif pourrait être accru par l'incertitude concernant les décisions en matière commerciale étant donné la multiplication des annonces depuis le 20 janvier 2025, ainsi que le nombre de personnes qui seront effectivement expulsées des États-Unis. Outre la volonté de renforcer la sécurité de l'Union européenne suite au volte-face des États-Unis vis-à-vis de l'Ukraine, l'économie européenne sera négativement touchée par la guerre commerciale amorcée, notamment l'Allemagne dont la dépendance au marché américain est la plus importante d'Europe. Enfin, la réélection de Donald Trump aura également des conséquences sur le climat puisqu'elle se traduira par des émissions supplémentaires de gaz à effet de serre d'ici à 2030, enterrant définitivement l'espoir de rester sous les +2 °C de réchauffement par rapport à l'ère préindustrielle. En conséquence, se pose la question de la compétitivité européenne liée aux coûts énergétiques relativement plus élevés en Europe et aux objectifs de décarbonation plus importants, et donc aux coûts supplémentaires pour l'industrie européenne supérieurs aux autres zones du monde. |
| Date: | 2025–03–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04998294 |
| By: | Roa Clavijo, Felipe (Universidad de los andes, Escuela de Gobierno Alberto Lleras Camargo); Ardila Galvis, Camilo (Universidad de los andes, Escuela de Gobierno Alberto Lleras Camargo) |
| Abstract: | Este ensayo indaga sobre los principales aspectos que dinamizan o restringen los debates de los sistemas alimentarios en Colombia. Para responder la pregunta de investigación, abordamos dos aspectos principales. En primer lugar, analizamos las percepciones de los sistemas alimentarios en el país desde aspectos como el hambre y la malnutrición, la deforestación y la pérdida de la biodiversidad, los efectos del cambio climático, la desigualdad e inequidad. En segundo lugar, discutimos la coexistencia o competencia de diversos modelos que están en el centro de las discusiones de los sistemas alimentarios: agricultura a gran escala versus agricultura familiar, semillas nativas versus semillas modificadas genéticamente y sistemas alimentarios locales versus comercio internacional. El ensayo concluye llamando la atención sobre los desafíos de coordinación de políticas públicas, los vacíos de información y la gran diversidad de actores, visiones y valores en las discusiones. |
| Keywords: | sistemas alimentarios; hambre; deforestación; cambio climático; desigualdad; Colombia |
| Date: | 2024–01–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000547:021349 |
| By: | Marzouk, Osama A. |
| Abstract: | This study discusses the portion of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) in the worldwide stock of vehicles on roads, particularly when compared to plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), which comprise battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The study considers the overall number of these e-mobility (electric mobility) vehicles, as well as within each of 4 transport modes, namely: (1) passenger light-duty vehicles (PLDVs or simply “cars”), (2) light commercial vehicles (LCVs or simply “vans”), (3) buses, and (4) trucks. The study also investigates the progress in the number of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) for FCEVs, and contrasts that with electric charging points (ECPs) for PEVs; during the years 2020, 2021, and 2022. While the number of worldwide FCEVs nearly doubled in 2022 compared to 2020, the ratio of FCEVs to PEVs declined from 0.3348% in 2020 to 0.2738% (less than 0.3%) in 2022. In 2022 also, the number of FCEVs was 0.3914% (less than 0.4%) of the number of BEVs, and 0.9113% (less than 1%) of the number of PHEVs. The worldwide fraction of PEVs with respect to the total vehicles (both electric and non-electric) in 2022 was approximately 1.816% (split into 1.2704% for BEVs and 0.5456% for PHEVs), while the fraction of FCEVs was approximately 0.0050% (only 5 FCEVs per 100, 000 vehicles). In terms of the convenience to supply the vehicles with energy, the number of worldwide hydrogen refueling stations nearly doubled in 2022 compared to 2020. Similarly, the worldwide number of electric charging points for use with PEVs nearly doubled in 2022 compared to 2020. However, the ratio of HRSs to ECPs declined from 0.0415% in 2020 to 0.0378% in 2022. The worldwide average FCEVs per HRS in 2022 was 70.69, while the worldwide average PEVs per ECP in 2022 was 9.75. Thus, PEVs are much more attractive than FCEVs for a driver concerned about the network of hydrogen stations. Furthermore, owners of PEVs have an additional option of recharging their vehicles at home (which is not applicable for FCEVs). Between 2020 and 2022, PEVs were dominated by BEVs, with 69.95% of PEVs being BEVs in 2022. This 2022 fraction of BEVs in PEVs reflects a consistent increase from the 2021 fraction (68.34%) and from the 2020 fraction (67.23%). Considering the worldwide increase in these e-mobility vehicles from 2020 to 2022, the number of FCEVs increased by a factor of 2.072, PHEVs increased by a factor of 2.322, and BEVs increased by a factor of 2.636, PEVs increased by a factor of 2.533. Thus, out of the 3 e-mobility vehicle technologies (FCEVs, PHEVs, and BEVs), BEVs had the strongest presence as well as the fastest growth. |
| Date: | 2023–12–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:xrhdy_v1 |
| By: | Rim Rejeb (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Hélène Bouscasse (CESAER - Centre d'économie et de sociologie rurales appliquées à l'agriculture et aux espaces ruraux - UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Dijon - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Aïna Chalabaev (SENS - Sport et Environnement Social - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Sandrine Mathy (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | There is little research on the role of motivations in predicting intentions to engage in pro-social or pro-environmental behaviours. In this article we rely on the Self-determination theory (SDT) to assess the relationship between individual motivations (autonomous and controlled) and intentions to modal shift. We additionally evaluate the mediating role of active mobility habits in this relationship. To do this we build and test theoretical models using structural equation modelling. The results show that if habits concerning the use of alternative modes to the car are not taken into account, the autonomous motivation has a significant impact on intention, but not controlled motivation. However, the introduction of habits in the model shows that they fully mediate the relationship between both motivations and intention. These results are useful for a better understanding of the psychological mechanisms of modal choice changes and the targeting of measures aimed at encouraging the use of active modes. |
| Keywords: | Self-determination theory, Active mobility habit, Intention, Mediation |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03940743 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39848 |
| By: | Guariste, Martina |
| Abstract: | A partir del año 2010 se implementa en la pesquería de merluza hubbsi el sistema de Cuotas Individuales Transferibles de Captura (CITCs), que implicó un cambio significativo en dicha pesquería y en las relacionadas. El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar el desempeño de una empresa que opera tanto en la pesquería de merluza hubbsi como de langostino argentino, desde la perspectiva del Enfoque Ecosistémico en la Pesca (EEP), para el período 2010-2023. Para ello se diseña un estudio de caso y se propone una triangulación de métodos. En la fase cuantitativa se utilizan fuentes secundarias de información y se administra una encuesta a la empresa para estimar la rentabilidad económica de las flotas representativas. En la fase cualitativa se consultan fuentes secundarias de información y se realizan entrevistas semiestructuradas a agentes clave de las pesquerías, para construir un marco de interpretación de la estrategia de la empresa y del impacto de las cuotas. El principal resultado es que la empresa se adapta a la implementación de las cuotas, utilizando una estrategia de diversificación productiva y optimizando los costos y la rentabilidad económica. A su vez, los actores clave consideran que las CITCs fueron positivas al lograr la sostenibilidad de la merluza y otorgar estabilidad en dicha pesquería. |
| Keywords: | Ciclos Económicos; Volatilidad; Diversificación de la Producción; Cuota de Pesca; Estrategia Empresarial; Mar del Plata; |
| Date: | 2024–08–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4260 |
| By: | Büttemeier, Malin; Orr, Lia; Schmidt, Thomas G.; Schlindwein, Maike; Dierkes, Helena |
| Abstract: | Um die Reduzierung von Lebensmittelabfällen (LMA) in der Außer-Haus-Verpflegung (AHV) auf nationaler Ebene voranzutreiben, hat das Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft (BMEL) im Jahr 2019 die Nationale Strategie zur Reduzierung der Lebensmittelverschwendung entwickelt. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden Dialogforen für alle Bereiche entlang der Lebensmittelkette eingerichtet. Daraus resultierte im Jahr 2021 eine Vereinbarung zur Reduzierung der Lebensmittelabfälle um 30 % bis 2025 und um 50 % bis 2030 für die Verbände der AHV. Unternehmen der AHV konnten und können sich bereiterklären, diese Zielvereinbarung zu unterstützen, indem sie eine Beteiligungserklärung unterzeichnen und definierte Anforderungen und Maßnahmen umsetzen. In der Kompetenzstelle Außer-Haus-Verpflegung (KAHV) wird die Beteiligungserklärung seit Januar 2022 durch den Verein United Against Waste e.V. (UAW) und das Thünen-Institut umgesetzt, finanziert durch das BMEL und unterstützt durch die Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung (BLE). Die Akquise von Betrieben und die Etablierung der KAHV erfolgten über Webinare, Auftritte in den sozialen Medien und Präsenzveranstaltungen sowie über eine auf- und ausgebaute KAHV-Homepage. Der Bekanntheitsgrad ist von Anfang 2023 bis Mitte 2024 messbar gestiegen, wie die Anmeldungen zu den Webinaren (9 vs. 48 Teilnehmende) zeigen. Bis zum Stichtag 28. Juni 2024 haben insgesamt 251 Betriebsstandorte aus den AHV-Kategorien Betriebsrestaurant, Bildungseinrichtung, Beherbergung, Krankenhaus, Senioren- /Pflegeeinrichtung, Kneipe/Bar/Kiosk und Restaurant teilgenommen. Von diesen 251 Betriebsstandorten haben bis zum Stichtag 201 Betriebsstandorte die Anforderungen der KAHV, die Abfallmessungen, die Umsetzung von Reduktionsmaßnahmen und Datenlieferungen an die KAHV umfassen, erfüllt und konnten somit von der KAHV für ihr Engagement ausgezeichnet werden. Im Durchschnitt konnten die teilnehmenden Betriebsstandorte ihre Abfälle pro Mahlzeit nach einem Beteiligungszeitraum um 20 g bzw. 13 % reduzieren. Nach zwei Beteiligungszeiträumen waren es bereits 23 %. Diese Beobachtungen zeigen, dass eine längerfristige Unterstützung durch die KAHV und das Vorgehen nach der entwickelten Methodik eine Reduktion der LMA fördert und damit die Zielerreichung der Nationalen Strategie wesentlich unterstützt. Des Weiteren konnte gezeigt werden, dass in der Praxis die meisten Abfälle in der Überproduktion und als Tellerreste anfallen und dementsprechend auch die meisten umgesetzten Maßnahmen hier ansetzen. (...) |
| Abstract: | In 2019, the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture developed the National Strategy to Reduce Food Waste in order to promote the reduction of food waste (FW) in out-of-home catering at a national level. In this context, dialogue forums were set up for all sectors along the food chain. In 2021, this resulted in an agreement to reduce food waste by 30 % by the year 2025 and by 50 % by the year 2030 for out-of-home companies. Out-of-home companies could and can declare their willingness to support this target agreement by signing a declaration of participation and implementing definite requirements and reduction measures. In the Centre of Excellence for Food Service (CoE), the declaration of participation has been implemented since January 2022 by the United Against Waste e.V. (UAW) association and the Thünen Institute, financed by the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture and supported by the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food. The acquisition of companies and the establishment of the CoE took place through webinars, social media content and face-to-face events as well as with an established and expanded CoE website. The level of awareness increased considerably from the beginning of 2023 to mid-2024, as shown by the registrations for the webinars (9 vs. 48 participants). By the cut-off date of 28 June 2024, a total of 251 business locations from out-of-home categories company restaurant, educational institution, hospitality, hospital, retirement/nursing home, pub/bar/kiosk and restaurant had taken part. Of these 251 business locations, 201 business locations had fulfilled the requirements of the CoE, which include waste measurements, the implementation of reduction measures and data deliveries to the CoE and were therefore honored by the CoE for their commitment. On average, the participating sites were able to reduce their FW per meal by 20 g or 13 % after one participation period. After two participation periods, this figure had already risen to 23 %. These observations show that longer-term support from the CoE and the approach based on the developed methodology promotes a reduction in FW and thus significantly supports the achievement of the objectives of the national strategy. Furthermore, it was shown that, in practice, most waste is generated in overproduction and as leftovers, and that this is where most of the implemented measures start. (...) |
| Keywords: | Lebensmittelabfall, Außer-Haus-Verpflegung, Reduktion, Maßnahmen, Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung, Food waste, out-of-home catering, reduction, measures, sustainability assessment |
| JEL: | Q01 Q18 M14 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:313000 |