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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Marini, Marco A.; Nocito, Samuel |
| Abstract: | We investigate whether climate activism favors pro-environmental consumption by examining the impact of Fridays for Future (FFF) protests in Italy on second-hand automobile sales in rally-affected areas. Leveraging data on 10 million automobile transactions occurring before and after FFF mobilizations, we exploit rainfall on the day of the event as an exogenous source of attendance variation. Our findings reveal a reduction in both the total number of cars purchased and their average CO2 emissions, with an uptick in the market share of low-emission vehicles and a corresponding decrease in the market share of high-emission counterparts. We test for two potential mechanisms at work: one mediated by an increase in environmental awareness, the other induced by a rational anticipation of future stricter regulations. Empirical evidence suggests that the latter mechanism is generally more pronounced than the former. However, the first channel seems likely to be at work among individuals aged 18-25, a group that is potentially more involved in the FFF movement. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–01–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:349157 |
| By: | Fuinhas, José Alberto; Javed, Asif; Sciulli, Dario; Valentini, Edilio |
| Abstract: | Governments across the globe are implementing stricter environmental policies to combat climate change and promote sustainability. This study contributes to the growing literature exploring the influence of environmental policy on skill-biased employment across various occupations. Specifically, we examine the causal effect of the revised version of Environmental Policy Stringency Index (EPS) and its components on skill-biased employment, focusing on occupations such as managers, professionals, technicians, and manual workers across 21 European economies from 2008 to 2020. Using the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR), the findings reveal that stringent environmental policies affect employment shares across different occupational categories. Skilled workers tend to benefit more from such policies, with a notable increase in the employment of professionals across all policy measures and a more differentiated impact among technicians and managers. In contrast, manual workers are generally adversely affected by environmental policies. These asymmetric effects on occupations exacerbate labour market inequalities, including disparities in employment levels and potential earnings. This research highlights the importance of designing tailored policies to mitigate adverse labour market outcomes while facilitating a transition to sustainable economic practices. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Environmental Economics and Policy, Labor and Human Capital, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–01–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:349167 |
| By: | Bastianin, Andrea; Li, Xiao; Shamsudin, Luqman |
| Abstract: | The transition to a cleaner energy mix, essential for achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, will significantly increase demand for metals critical to renewable energy technologies. Energy Transition Metals (ETMs), including copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, and rare earth elements, are indispensable for renewable energy generation and the electrification of global economies. However, their markets are characterized by high price volatility due to supply concentration, low substitutability, and limited price elasticity. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the price volatility of ETMs, a subset of Critical Raw Materials (CRMs). Using a combination of exploratory data analysis, data reduction, and visualization methods, we identify key features for accurate point and density forecasts. We evaluate various volatility models, including Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) and Stochastic Volatility (SV) models, to determine their forecasting performance. Our findings reveal significant heterogeneity in ETM volatility patterns, which challenge standard groupings by data providers and geological classifications. The results contribute to the literature on CRM economics and commodity volatility, offering novel insights into the complex dynamics of ETM markets and the modeling of their returns and volatilities. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–01–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:349169 |
| By: | Olympia Nisiforou; Angelos Alamanos; Jorge Andres Garcia; Christopher Deranian; Lydia Papadaki; Phoebe Koundouri |
| Abstract: | The maritime sector faces multiple techno-economic, environmental and development challenges, requiring careful investment decisions. Several of these challenges and factors are related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The need for holistic solutions that can address these considerations simultaneously is becoming increasingly pressing. In this chapter we present the application of a free, open-source Investment Decision Support Tool, called MaritimeGCH, to the Greek fleet as a case study example. The model aims to optimize the fleet composition (based on the minimization of the total costs) under techno-economic, environmental, operational factors and European environmental regulations. After the model description, a presentation on its application, directly and indirectly relevant to various SDGs, including: cleaner fuel mixes (SDG7 on Energy), new ships and technologies (SDG9 on Industry), policies for more environmental-friendly shipping (SDG13 on Climate Action and SDG14 on life below water), and meeting shipping demands (SDG8 on Economic Growth). |
| Keywords: | MaritimeGCH, Fleet Optimization, Shipping, Sustainable Development Goals, Greece |
| Date: | 2025–01–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2518 |
| By: | Ilya Stepanov; Diego A Gutierrez; Mr. Camilo E Tovar Mora |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the potential impact of border carbon adjustments on Trinidad and Tobago’s exports. Despite its marginal contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions, the country’s high carbon intensity exposes the economy to global low-carbon transition risks. The paper aims to raise awareness and encourage discussions on critical actions needed to maintain export competitiveness, enhance diversification, support balance of payments stability, and finance a green transition. The analysis recommends building on existing policies to integrate transition risks into development strategies, promote carbon intensity reduction, accumulate relevant data, and explore innovative emissions reduction approaches, including carbon pricing. |
| Keywords: | carbon pricing; border carbon adjustment; Trinidad and Tobago; EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM); decarbonization; climate policy |
| Date: | 2025–01–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/028 |
| By: | YOO Sunbin; KUMAGAI Junya; MATSUSHIMA Hiroshi; Madhu KHANNA; MANAGI Shunsuke |
| Abstract: | Transportation is a major contributor to global carbon emissions due to its reliance on fossil fuels, with railways often cited as a promising solution for emission reduction. However, empirical evidence of railways’ effectiveness in reducing carbon emissions has been limited. Our study reveals that the expansion of Japan’s railway net- work over the past 30 years has led to a significant reduction in carbon emissions, ranging from 97.44 to 110.73 million metric tons. This translates to an annual reduction of up to 1.697% of Japan’s transportation sector emissions in 2019, a finding that demonstrates the broader environmental implications of systemic railway development. In contrast, station openings have led to a slight overall increase in emissions, contributing an additional 2.5 million metric tons over the same period. These findings emphasize the greater impact of comprehensive network expansions in reducing carbon emissions compared to localized station openings and underscore the importance of strategic railway expansion as a key measure for mitigating carbon emissions and advancing sustainable urban development. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:25006 |
| By: | Malancha Chakrabarty; Karim El Aynaoui; Youssef El Jai; Badr Mandri; Manish K Shrivastava |
| Abstract: | This paper was originally published on t20brasil.org In a global context marked by unprecedented economic and environmental challenges, Africa stands at a crossroads. The rapid rise in public debt, coupled with the climate emergency, imposes a dual constraint on the continent's countries, severely limiting their ability to pursue sustainable development and mitigate the effects of climate change. This critical situation calls for innovative and effective solutions capable of transforming obstacles into opportunities for a more resilient and prosperous future. In the face of this reality, it is imperative to rethink traditional financing mechanisms and explore innovative approaches that promote both debt relief and climate action. In this context, Debt-for-Green Swaps are emerging as a promising strategy, offering a viable path to reduce financial vulnerability while accelerating investments in environmental sustainability. |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:tf03_st_03_0 |
| By: | Alin Halimatussadiah; Muhammad Adriansyah; Fachry Abdul Razak Afifi; Muhammad Yudha Pratama; Teuku Riefky; Jiehong Lou (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)) |
| Abstract: | One of the central commitments Indonesia is pursuing is integrating a green economy into its economic development framework. This aligns seamlessly with the nation’s dedication to fostering sustainable and environmentally friendly development practices. This commitment is underscored by the significant reduction in greenhouse gas emission intensity, targeted to reach 93.5% below 2010 levels by 2045. This goal establishes a clear pathway toward achieving net-zero emissions by 2060. This policy paper provides an in-depth analysis of the strategies and policies outlined by comprehensively maps both current and prospective strategies, policies, and programs aimed at achieving Indonesia’s development target that aligned with a green economic approach. They are NDC, LTS-LCCR 2050, LCDI, Roadmap NZE Energy. While all three planning documents elaborate long-term plans for Indonesia’s journey toward reducing its carbon footprint, they encompass divergent approaches, targets, and commitment periods, leading to varied strategies and programs. The differences among these documents could potentially send mixed signals, affecting planning and budgeting, especially crucial up to the end of the Paris Agreement period in 2030, after which the discrepancies can be re-evaluated. To ensure cohesive and effective climate action, it is imperative for the Indonesian government to unify its approach by creating a dynamic, iterative planning document. This document should be continuously updated to ensure the convergence of all planning efforts, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of Indonesia’s climate actions. |
| Keywords: | green economy — net-zero emission — climate action — Indonesia — climate policies |
| JEL: | Q50 Q54 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lpe:wpaper:202480 |
| By: | Halkos, George; Bampatsou, Christina; Aslanidis, Panagiotis-Stavros |
| Abstract: | This study examines the eco-efficiency performance of green energy transitions in 45 high-emission countries (1995–2022), focusing on convergence in policymaking. Using hybrid window data envelopment analysis (WDEA) models, eco-efficiency was evaluated for non-renewable energy (NRES), renewable energy (RES), and mixed sources. Inputs included capital, labor, and electricity generation; outputs were GDP (desirable) and CO2 and CH4 emissions (undesirable). Efficiency averaged 76.04% (RES), 74.25% (NRES), and 73.61% (mixed). Conditional convergence analysis revealed countries with similar conditions converge to unique steady states, highlighting the need for harmonized energy standards, therefore investments in green technologies can reduce emissions and electricity generation costs. |
| Keywords: | hybrid window DEA; club convergence; imergeclub; logtreg; Log t regression test; energy sectors. |
| JEL: | O13 Q42 Q48 Q50 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–01–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:123341 |
| By: | Chaparro Hernández, Sergio; Segnini, Amanda; Cabana Alvear, Gabriela |
| Abstract: | To tackle the impacts of the multiple crises they are experiencing, including the climate crisis, the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) have an urgent need to strengthen regional cooperation. The region’s high vulnerability, combined with its multiple inequalities, is exacerbating the impacts of phenomena such as rising temperatures, variable rainfall, melting glaciers, and the increased frequency of extreme weather events. Mass population displacements, food insecurity, environmental degradation caused by land system changes, scarcity of water and electricity, and climate change-linked loss of life and livelihoods, are some of the impacts facing entire communities in the region. These impacts will be accelerated without a fundamental change of direction (World Meteorological Organization, 2022). |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–01–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:126590 |
| By: | Mehling, M. A.; Dolphin, G.; Ritz, R. A. |
| Abstract: | Adopted in 2023, the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is a significant component of the European Union's ambitious decarbonization strategy under the European Green Deal. This working paper questions the CBAM's effectiveness in achieving its stated objective, prevention of carbon leakage, but proceeds to document its impactful role in accelerating the global diffusion of carbon pricing. Empirical evidence for carbon leakage remains sparse, and implementation challenges would limit the capacity of the CBAM to counteract leakage even where it occurs. Nonetheless, the CBAM has already demonstrated a powerful spillover effect by incentivizing the acceleration of carbon pricing roadmaps across EU trading partners, suggesting that trade-related climate measures can effectively encourage global climate action. As the EU navigates the complexities of operationalizing the CBAM, it must balance several tradeoffs to maintain this important spillover effect. If successful, the CBAM could catalyze a virtuous cycle of carbon pricing adoption, reinforcing its pivotal role in the EU's toolbox to manage the environment-trade nexus. |
| Keywords: | CBAM, Carbon Pricing, Carbon Leakage, Environment-Trade Nexus, European Union |
| JEL: | F42 H23 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–10–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2459 |
| By: | Stefano Giglio; Theresa Kuchler; Johannes Stroebel; Olivier Wang |
| Abstract: | We study the economic effects of the interaction of nature loss and climate change in a model that incorporates important aspects of both processes. We capture the distinct ways in which they affect economic activity—with nature constituting a key factor of production and climate change destroying parts of output—but also the ways in which they interact: climate change causes nature loss, and nature provides both a carbon sink and adaptation tools to reduce climate damages. Our analysis of these feedback loops reveals a novel amplification channel—the Twin-Crises Multiplier—that systematically affects optimal climate and nature conservation policies. |
| JEL: | G0 Q2 Q20 Q3 Q38 Q5 Q50 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33361 |
| By: | Balboni, Clare |
| Abstract: | Coasts contain a disproportionate share of the world's population, reflecting historical advantages, but environmental change threatens a reversal of coastal fortune in the coming decades as natural disasters intensify and sea levels rise. This paper considers whether large infrastructure investments should continue to favor coastal areas. I estimate a dynamic spatial equilibrium framework using detailed geo-referenced data on road investments in Vietnam from 2000 to 2010 and find evidence that coastal favoritism has significant costs. The results highlight the importance of accounting for the dynamic effects of environmental change in deciding where to allocate infrastructure today. |
| Keywords: | transport infrastructure; regional development; natural disaster risk; climate change; path dependence; spatial misallocation; sea level; floods; Vietnam |
| JEL: | J61 O18 O53 Q54 R11 R12 R13 R42 |
| Date: | 2025–01–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:126336 |
| By: | Thiemo Fetzer; Prashant Garg |
| Abstract: | Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of natural disasters worldwide. Media coverage of these events may be vital to generate empathy and mobilize global populations to address the common threat posed by climate change. Using a dataset of 466 news sources from 123 countries, covering 135 million news articles since 2016, we apply an event study framework to measure cross-border media activity following natural disasters. Our results shows that while media attention rises after disasters, it is heavily skewed towards certain events, notably earthquakes, accidents, and wildfires. In contrast, climatologically salient events such as floods, droughts, or extreme temperatures receive less coverage. This cross-border disaster reporting is strongly related to the number of deaths associated with the event, especially when the affected populations share strong social ties or genetic similarities with those in the reporting country. Achieving more balanced media coverage across different types of natural disasters may be essential to counteract skewed perceptions. Further, fostering closer social connections between countries may enhance empathy and mobilize the resources necessary to confront the global threat of climate change. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.07615 |
| By: | Syahrituah Siregar |
| Abstract: | Climate change is a global challenge caused by greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel use. Indonesia, as a developing country, faces major challenges in implementing carbon tax policies to reduce emissions, especially related to their regressive impacts on low-income households. Currently, there is little in-depth research on how carbon tax policies impact household income distribution in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach with the Input- Output model to analyze the impact of carbon tax on household income based on 10 income groups, both in urban and rural areas. The results show that carbon tax policies have a regressive impact, where low-income households bear a proportionally greater burden. Household income in Class - 10 decreased by IDR 19, 144.85 million in urban areas and IDR 8, 819.13 million in rural areas, while households in Class - 1 decreased by IDR 954.23 million. Therefore, mitigation policies such as cross subsidies are needed to reduce the impact on vulnerable groups. These findings are important for policy makers in formulating fair and effective fiscal policies, as well as ensuring social justice in the context of sustainable development. This study has limitations in the scope of analysis of long-term energy consumption behavior and certain sectors, so further research is needed to deepen these aspects. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.08177 |
| By: | Rodier, Caroline |
| Abstract: | This report presents the results of the Ecosystem of Shared Mobility Services in the San Joaquin Valley (Ecosystem) pilot project. The project is part of California Climate Investments (CCI), a statewide initiative that puts billions of Cap-and-Trade dollars to work reducing greenhouse gas emissions, strengthening the economy, and improving public health and the environment — particularly in disadvantaged communities. As the grantee for this pilot project, the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District implemented the pilot program by partnering and/or subcontracting with several local entities including, but are limited to: Sigala Inc.; UC Davis, Institute of Transportation Studies; Shared-Use Mobility Center (SUMC); Self-Help Enterprises, and MOVE. Funding for the Ecosystem pilot project provided by a grant from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) through the Car Sharing and Mobility Option Pilot Project solicitation. Research for the project was also supported by funding through the University of California via the Public Transportation Account and the Road Repair and Accountability Act of 2017 (Senate Bill 1) and the National Center for Sustainable Transportation, supported by the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT) and the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) through the University Transportation Centers program. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Demand responsive transportation, Mode choice, Ridesharing, Rural areas, Shared mobility, Transportation disadvantaged persons, Travel behavior, Vehicle sharing |
| Date: | 2023–03–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt6x38h5ck |
| By: | Basheer, Mohammed; Elnour, Zuhal; Pérez, Cristo Facundo; Liao, Wenxi; Siddig, Khalid; Ringler, Claudia |
| Abstract: | Hydropower and irrigation development on the Nile in Sudan can help meet growing food and energy needs. However, these potential infrastructures must be evaluated considering climate change uncertainties and multisector socioeconomic trade-offs. Increased streamflow combined with the recently constructed Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam would provide reliable irrigation water supplies in Sudan under most climate change scenarios but there are distributional impacts. |
| Keywords: | water power; irrigation; infrastructure; climate change; food; energy consumption; Africa; Northern Africa; Sudan |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:polbrf:168426 |
| By: | Xie, Hua; Zeng, Ruijie; Ringler, Claudia |
| Abstract: | Groundwater-fed irrigation holds great promise for enhancing food production in Sub-Saharan Africa. Solar energy offers a renewable and cost-effective solution to power groundwater irrigation; however, unregulated use may threaten the long term sustainability of groundwater resources. |
| Keywords: | groundwater irrigation; food production; solar energy; renewable energy; groundwater; agriculture; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:polbrf:168413 |
| By: | Donovan, Christopher; Shrum, Trisha |
| Abstract: | Understanding the motivations and barriers to pro-environmental behavior is essential in mitigating climate change. Extreme weather events may act as focusing events that disrupt routines and encourage pro-environmental behavior, but the inability to reliably measure behavior makes it challenging to study. We used two representative surveys of US residents to administer the REBL Scale, a unidimensional and invariant measure of short-term, pro-environmental behavior. We used factor analytic models to investigate whether experience with extreme weather events influenced REBL scores, either directly or indirectly, as well as whether the effect was mediated or moderated by psychological distance to climate change and attribution of weather events to climate change, respectively. Experience with extreme weather events had both significant direct and indirect effects on REBL scores. Respondents who reported being affected by extreme weather were more likely to have performed pro-environmental behaviors in the last week. Psychological distance was a significant mediator of the indirect effect, which was stronger than the direct effect. The moderating effect of attribution of events to climate change was ambiguous; two methods of latent moderation produced conflicting results. The results suggest that experiences with extreme weather may influence behavior even while controlling for political preferences. Psychological distance could be an important factor in designing behavioral interventions. The moderating effect of attribution deserves further research, as do the latent moderation methods we use to study interactions. |
| Date: | 2025–01–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:9zadu |
| By: | Amrita Goldar (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Md Sarwar Ali; Malay Kotal; Poulomi Bhattacharya; Ismail Haque |
| Abstract: | This study reviews policy initiatives from top steel-producing G20 countries, focusing on supply, demand, and export promotion, to identify best practices for decarbonizing India's steel sector. It prioritizes policy options based on an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) exercise conducted with stakeholders from industry, government, academia, and civil society. The research makes a twofold contribution to the current body of knowledge. Firstly, it identifies potential policy choices that the Indian steel industry can implement to reduce carbon emissions promptly. Secondly, it conducts a policy-prioritization exercise involving various stakeholders to unite diverse perspectives on supply, demand, and export promotion strategies. This exercise helps determine the most optimal transition pathway for the sector. Some of the policy levers that were deemed to be crucial for decarbonizing the Indian steel sector are technological innovation/upgradation, improvement in energy efficiency, and green procurement and labelling. Additionally, access to finance is critical to facilitate the adoption of low-carbon technologies for the production of low-carbon or green steel. |
| Keywords: | Low carbon steel, Climate policy, Industrial decarbonization, icrier |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:ppaper:33 |
| By: | Chao Li; Xing Su; Chao Fan; Jun Wang; Xiangyu Wang |
| Abstract: | Climate physical risks pose an increasing threat to urban infrastructure, necessitating urgent climate adaptation measures to protect lives and assets. Implementing such measures, including the development of resilient infrastructure and retrofitting existing systems, demands substantial financial investment. Unfortunately, a significant financial gap remains in funding infrastructure climate adaptation, primarily due to the unprofitability stemming from the conflict between long-term returns, uncertainty, and complexity of these adaptations and the short-term profit objectives of private capital. This study suggests incentivizing private capital to bridge this financial gap through integrated carbon markets. Specifically, the framework combines carbon taxes and carbon markets to involve infrastructures and individuals in the climate mitigation phase, using the funds collected for climate adaptation. It integrates lifestyle reformation, environmental mitigation, and infrastructure adaptation to establish harmonized standards and provide continuous positive feedback to sustain the markets. It is explored how integrated carbon markets can facilitate fund collection and discuss the challenges of incorporating them into infrastructure climate adaptation. This study aims to foster collaboration between private and public capital to enable a more scientific, rational, and actionable implementation of integrated carbon markets, thus supporting financial backing for infrastructure climate adaptation. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.08004 |
| By: | Bracht, Felix; Verhoeven, Dennis |
| Abstract: | If air pollution harms innovation — and therefore future productivity — existing assessments of its economic cost are incomplete. We estimate the effect of fine particulate matter concentration on inventive output in 977 European regions. Exploiting thermal inversions and weather-induced ventilation of pollutants for identification, we find that a decrease in air pollution equivalent to the average yearly drop in Europe leads to 1.2% more patented inventions in a given region. A back-of-the-envelope calculation suggests that accounting for the effect on innovation increases the economic cost of air pollution as assessed in prior work by about three quarters. |
| Keywords: | air pollution; air quality; innovation; productivity |
| JEL: | R14 J01 N0 |
| Date: | 2025–03–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:126875 |
| By: | Luca Bettarelli; Davide Furceri; Michael Ganslmeier; Marc Schiffbauer |
| Abstract: | Beyond its environmental damage, climate change is predicted to produce significant economic costs. Combining novel high-frequency geospatial temperature data from satellites with measures of economic activity for the universe of US listed firms, this article examines a potentially important channel through which global warming can lead to economic costs: temperature uncertainty. The results show that temperature uncertainty—by increasing power outages, reducing labor productivity, and increasing the degree of exposure of firms to environmental and non-political risks, as well as economic uncertainty at the firm-level—persistently reduce firms’ investment and sales. This effect varies across firms, with those characterized by tighter financial constraints being disproportionally more affected. |
| Keywords: | Temperatures; Temperature Volatility; Uncertainty; Firms. |
| Date: | 2025–01–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/026 |
| By: | Beber, Bernd; Ebert, Cara; Kyle, Jordan; Riaz, Zara |
| Abstract: | Millions of poor households around the world rely on migration to improve their economic circumstances and, increasingly, for resilience in the face of a changing climate. In vulnerable contexts, slow-onset climate impacts like water scarcity, rising temperatures, and more variable weather conditions are diminishing local economic opportunities and increasing food insecurity. Such climate impacts are projected to accelerate migration patterns, particularly out-migration from rural areas (Rigaud et al., 2018; SVR, 2023). While news reports on climate migration often emphasize communities leaving an area en masse due to a natural disaster, climate migration due to slow-onset climate shifts, which gradually lower crop yields and hinder agricultural livelihoods, more commonly implies a male household member migrating within a country, often seasonally, in order to send remittances back to his family. |
| Keywords: | gender; migration; women's empowerment; surveys; rural communities; Western Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa; Senegal |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:prnote:168164 |
| By: | Ashish Ashok Uikey (Symbiosis International (Deemed University)); Zericho Marak (Symbiosis International (Deemed University)); Dhoha Alsaleh (Abdullah Al Salem University); Ruturaj Baber (CHRIST (Deemed to be) University) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the factors influencing consumers' intentions to purchase organic food products in an emerging economy. It addresses the knowledge gap regarding the slower growth of the organic food market in these regions despite the global trend toward environmental sustainability.Methodology / approach. A survey approach involving 350 participants was used. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS 4 and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with IBM SPSS 28 were used to analyse the impact of awareness of need, personal norms, environmental concern, and health consciousness on the intention to purchase organic food products.Results. The study found significant positive influences of awareness of need, personal norms, environmental concern, and health consciousness on the intention to purchase organic food products, explaining 63.1 % of the variance. Both the analysis approaches (PLS-SEM & ANN) revealed that, health consciousness, followed by awareness of need, emerged as the most important factor related to the intention to purchase organic food products. The results highlight the importance of awareness and personal values in driving pro-environmental behaviour.Originality / scientific novelty. This research offers essential insights into the determinants of organic food purchase intentions in an emerging economy. It emphasises the significance of awareness and personal values in fostering sustainable consumption behaviour, addressing a less explored area in existing literature.Practical value / implications. The findings have important implications for policymakers and marketers. Strategies focused on consumer education about the benefits of organic food can enhance awareness and appeal. Understanding core psychological needs and beliefs that shape consumer motivations can guide the development of effective marketing strategies. The study highlights the strong environmental consciousness among consumers and their desire to protect the environment. |
| Keywords: | Artificial Neural Networks, Green Consumerism, Green Products, Organic Food, Organic Food Products, Sustainability, Sustainable Development Goals |
| Date: | 2024–12–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04861233 |
| By: | Martin Kittel; Alexander Roth; Wolf-Peter Schill |
| Abstract: | Coping with prolonged periods of low availability of wind and solar power, also referred to as "Dunkelflaute", emerges as a key challenge for realizing a decarbonized European energy system fully based on renewable energy sources. Here we investigate the role of long-duration electricity storage and geographical balancing in dealing with such variable renewable energy droughts. To this end, we combine renewable availability time series analysis and power sector modeling, using 36 historical weather years. We find that extreme drought events define long-duration storage operation and investment. The most extreme event in Europe occurred in the winter of 1996/97. Assuming policy-relevant interconnection, long-duration storage of 351 TWh or 7% of yearly electricity demand is required to deal with this event. As it affects many countries simultaneously, a storage capacity of 159 TWh or 3% of yearly electricity demand remains required even in the extreme case of unconstrained geographical balancing. Before and during Dunkelflaute events, we find complex interactions of long-duration storage with other flexibility options. Sensitivity analyses illustrate that firm zero-emission generation technologies would only moderately reduce long-duration storage needs. Thus, policymakers and system planners should prepare for a rapid expansion of long-duration storage capacity to safeguard the renewable energy transition in Europe. We further argue that using multiple weather years that include pronounced renewable energy droughts is required for weather-resilient energy system modeling. |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2411.17683 |
| By: | Gilles Paché (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | The Kalundborg industrial symbiosis serves as an excellent example of inter-organizational collaboration, showcasing the principles of industrial ecology and the circular economy. Since the 1960s, local companies have developed a network of material and energy exchanges, turning waste and by-products into reusable resources in a mutually beneficial system. This model not only reduces waste and greenhouse gas emissions but also results in substantial savings in energy and raw material costs. Key participants in this symbiosis include companies such as Novo Nordisk, Novozymes, and Statoil, alongside the Asnaes power plant. These organizations exchange flows of heat, steam, gypsum, and biomass, creating an integrated network where one company's waste becomes a resource for another. The industrial symbiosis has significantly lowered CO2 emissions and saved millions of cubic meters of water, as well as tons of residual materials annually. This research note highlights that trust and inter-organizational collaboration are essential to the success of this circular economy model, while recognizing that its application in other regions will require adjustments tailored to local conditions. |
| Keywords: | circular economy, industrial ecology, industrial symbiosis, inter-organizational collaboration, Kalundborg (Denmark), mutualism, supply chain |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04870887 |
| By: | Enriquez-Contreras, Luis Fernando; Barth, Matthew; Ula, Sadrul |
| Abstract: | As a part of an innovative Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), this paper investigates the effectiveness of transportation-based microgrid configurations in reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and electricity costs. A case study at the University of California, Riverside (UCR) utilizes high-resolution California Independent System Operator (CAISO) CO2 emission data to assess the environmental impact of each microgrid configuration. It also compares electricity costs to determine potential consumer savings. The results demonstrate that a load-following transportation microgrid strategy can significantly reduce CO2 emissions (67%–84%) and achieve annual cost savings of approximately $24, 000, even when accounting for the additional demand from daily electric vehicle (EV) charging at the building. However, battery sizing is crucial for cost-effectiveness, as load-following exhibits diminishing returns. Doubling battery capacity may yield negligible reductions in electricity costs and CO2 emissions after exceeding certain threshold. This emphasizes the importance of optimizing battery capacity to achieve a balance between cost and environmental impact. The study further reveals that Level 2 chargers in a commercial building generally have minimal impact on building demand and energy charges. Conversely, a single Level 3 DC fast charger has a more significant impact, requiring increased solar and battery storage capacity for further cost reduction. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Infrastructure for charging, communication and controls, energy storage and control systems, electric vehicles |
| Date: | 2024–05–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt8br5m587 |
| By: | AMOUZAY, Hassan; El Ghini, Ahmed |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the limitations of traditional econometric models, such as the Ricardian and profit approaches, in accurately quantifying the impacts of climate change on agriculture. While these models offer valuable insights, they often neglect spatial dependencies, heterogeneity, and spillover effects. We argue that spatial econometrics provides a more comprehensive and robust approach to analyzing climate change impacts. By explicitly incorporating spatial relationships between agricultural units, spatial econometric models capture the influence of factors such as proximity to markets, resource sharing, information diffusion, and spatial correlation of climatic variables. We review pioneering studies employing spatial econometric models, including SAR, SEM, SLX, SARAR and SDM, which reveal significant discrepancies between spatial and non-spatial estimations. These studies demonstrate that neglecting spatial dependence can lead to biased estimations and inaccurate predictions of climate change impacts. Moreover, the incorporation of spatial effects often results in smaller marginal effects of climate variables, suggesting that traditional non-spatial models may overestimate negative consequences. This paper contributes to the ongoing research on climate change impacts on agriculture by highlighting the significance of spatial econometrics and emphasizing its potential to inform robust and effective adaptation strategies. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, econometrics approaches, agriculture, adaptation, spatial econometrics. |
| JEL: | Q15 Q51 Q54 R12 |
| Date: | 2024–05–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:123222 |
| By: | Xing, H.; Scott; John |
| Abstract: | Decarbonised future power systems will rely on variable renewable energy (VRE). The variability and intermittence of VRE calls for cost-efficient flexibility providers, such as thermal generators, different energy storage technologies, interconnectors, and excess generation from VRE. This research decomposes the total system cost into cost of flexibility and energy, and constructs an agent-based structure for energy storage operators to price stored energy and a mechanism for all power sources to compete with each other. In the GB power system with the UK's projected VRE and energy storage capacity, the total system cost will be dominated by the cost of providing energy flexibility. Energy storage is more efficient both at reducing total system cost and carbon intensity than additional VRE, which can only reduce carbon intensity, and interconnectors, which can only reduce total system cost by exporting excess generation from VRE. Thermal generators will pay a transfer cost because of their frequent start-up and will still be cost-efficient for seasonal storage. Excess generation from additional VRE reduces carbon intensity but raises the total system cost. To reach the minimum carbon intensity and total system cost, we recommend that the GB power system introduce an additional 25 GW of storage capacity for its projected VRE capacity and introduce mechanical storage technologies which are cost-efficient for managing short-term variability as soon as possible. |
| Date: | 2024–12–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2474 |
| By: | Pierre Magontier (Universitat Pompeu Fabra & IEB); Albert Solé-Ollé (Universitat de Barcelona & IEB); Elisabet Viladecans-Marsal (Universitat de Barcelona & IEB & CEPR) |
| Abstract: | Coastal development has advantages, such as job creation, and drawbacks, such as the loss of environmental amenities, for both residents and nonresidents. Local overnments may prioritize their constituents' interests, resulting in suboptimal coastal development. We investigate how political alignment among neighboring mayors facilitates intergovernmental cooperation in the development of coastal areas. We leverage causal effects by applying a close-elections Regression Discontinuity Design to the universe of buildings in Spain. Municipalities with partyaligned mayors develop 46% less land than politically isolated ones, and politically homogeneous coastal areas develop less than fragmented ones. The effect is more salient for land closest to shore or previously occupied by forests, in municipalities with a large share of protected land, and for relevant environmental markers, such as air and bathing water pollution. These results underscore the importance of cooperative political endeavors in managing development spillovers, with environmental considerations assuming a central role. |
| Keywords: | Local government; Land use policy; Political parties |
| JEL: | D72 H70 R52 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ieb:wpaper:doc2024-10 |
| By: | Carman, Jennifer Paige (Yale University); Lu, Danning; Ballew, Matthew; Low, Joshua; Verner, Marija; Rosenthal, Seth A.; Barendregt-Ludwig, Kristin; Torres, Gerald; Gelobter, Michel; McKenney, Kate |
| Abstract: | Collaborating with climate justice practitioners, we conducted a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults (n = 1, 011) to measure and explore predictors of Americans’ climate justice beliefs and intentions to engage in related behaviors. We find that only about one-third of Americans have heard of climate justice, but about half of Americans support climate justice goals once they are explained. Support for climate justice is predicted by many factors, including views about global warming, perceptions of climate and racial injustice, cultural worldviews, and demographics including racial identity, gender, and political party/ideology. Our study suggests a need to build public awareness of the term “climate justice, ” the disproportionate harms of climate change, and how climate justice initiatives will address these harms. Our study also illustrates how researchers might incorporate practitioner perspectives in national and international studies on climate justice. |
| Date: | 2024–12–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:phxf9 |
| By: | Dai, C.; Pollitt, M. G. |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses China's move from local carbon markets (CL-ETS) to a national carbon market (CN-ETS). We explore the challenge of expanding the CN-ETS to include sectors already covered in some of the CL-ETSs. We do this in three ways. First, through a systematic review of relevant policy documents and market data, the study analyzes the background and development process of the CN-ETS. Second, in-depth interviews with 22 industry experts are conducted to gather insights from various stakeholders regarding industry expansion and data quality issues, forming a multidimensional understanding of the market's status. Finally, quantitative analysis methods are used to statistically analyze the collected data and explore the impact of different factors on the development of the CN-ETS. We find that the CN-ETS currently faces challenges in industry expansion, such as insufficient data quality and complex accounting, which directly affect the market's effective operation. Experts differ in their views on the possible speed of expansion. However, we identify 2034 as a crucial date for the achievement of a comprehensive strengthening of the CN-ETS, in the light of the implementation of the European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). |
| Keywords: | Emission Trading System (ETS), Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS), China's national Emissions Trading System (CN-ETS), China's local Emissions Trading System (CL-ETS) |
| JEL: | Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–10–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2460 |
| By: | Francisco Estrada; Miguel A. Altamirano del Carmen; Oscar Calderon-Bustamante; W. J. Wouter Botzen; Serafin Martinez-Jaramillo; Stefano Battiston |
| Abstract: | The financial sector is increasingly concerned with the physical risks of climate change, but economic and financial impact representations are still developing, particularly for chronic risks. Mexico's Central Bank conducted a comprehensive assessment using a suite of global models to evaluate both physical and transition risks. We present the analysis concerning with chronic physical risks, underlining innovations such as the use of a recent integrated assessment model that enables grid-cell level analysis and differentiates urban and non-urban areas, capturing the local effects of climate change more accurately. The model includes multiple damage functions and a probabilistic climate model for encompassing analyses and detailed economic impact insights. Under the Current Policies scenario, economic losses could exceed 35 percent of Mexico's GDP by 2100. Accounting for the urban heat island effect, losses could surpass 20 trillion (USD) in present value, over ten times Mexico's 2024 GDP. However, implementing a scenario aligned with the Paris Agreement significantly reduces these losses, showcasing the benefits of international mitigation efforts, though substantial residual impacts persist. This study emphasizes integrating chronic physical risks into financial evaluations, proposing new approaches, metrics, and methods that exploit detailed, spatially explicit measures to improve risk and loss estimation and facilitate communication. |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2411.18834 |
| By: | Khondaker Golam Moazzem; ASM Shamim Alam Shibly |
| Abstract: | Bangladesh aims to gradually reduce its dependence on fossil fuels in all kinds of economic activities as part of its global and national commitments. Since the power sector is one of the most important carbon-emitters given its over-dependence on fossil-fuels as fuel-mix, it is important to strategise, plan and thereby implement gradual reduction of the share of fossil-fuel in power generation. |
| Keywords: | Renewable Energy, Power Generation, Fossil Fuel Reduction, Clean Energy, Energy Transition, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:report:56 |
| By: | Doran, Elizabeth M.B.; Reichard, Will; Boothe, Morgan; Donnell, Grace; Fan, Huiying; Rowangould, Gregory; Guensler, Randall |
| Abstract: | Extreme heat is the leading cause of weather-related mortality in the United States, and extreme heat events are projected to continue to increase in geographic extent, frequency, and severity in the United States as climate change progresses. Transportation infrastructure is a significant driver of the urban heat island (UHI) effect and exacerbating extreme heat events. Efforts to mitigate UHI impacts often focus on reflecting incoming solar radiation (i.e., increasing surface albedo) and providing shade (e.g., planting street trees). However, advanced and novel materials (ANM) for pavements that reduce heat storage, and green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) that promotes evaporative cooling, can provide additional heat mitigation pathways. Sidewalks facilitate non-motorized transportation, and are relatively low-risk, low-cost, and have simple structural requirements compared to other transportation infrastructure. Hence, sidewalks and adjacent planting strips can offer a logical test bed for new materials and designs. With the thermal comfort, safety, and efficiency of users in mind, environmentally responsible designs can also minimize energy embedded in construction materials and help maintain natural ecosystem processes. Although ANMs hold significant promise for heat mitigation, they have not yet achieved widespread implementation. This project systematically reviewed the growing literature related to theapplication of ANMs and GSI to reduce UHI effects and implemented a survey of urban planners and public works engineers to assess the current and planned use of these strategies and identify barriers to implementation. This report summarizes the emergent themes from the systematic literature review, survey results and policy recommendations for an anticipated reading audience of urban policy makers, planners, and practitioners. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Urban heat island, green stormwater infrastructure, advanced pavements, alternative pavements, cool pavements, novel materials, decision-making, transportation planning, thermal comfort |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt9x00066h |
| By: | Vafi, Kourosh; Hopkins, Francesca M. |
| Abstract: | Natural gas provides an alternative to petroleum-based fuels as an energy source that is being more widely adopted across multiple sectors in California. The viability of natural gas depends on its total life cycle emissions, specifically of those of methane. This paper addresses the possibility of and reason for fugitive emissions of methane from the transportation sector by surveying and quantifying methane plumes from compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquified natural gas (LNG) storage tanks at vehicle fueling facilities in the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area. This project used methane plume images provided by airborne imaging spectroscopy, collected by NASA’s AVIRIS-NG mission, to identify large methane point sources originating from CNG and LNG infrastructure. The periodic methane plume observations were converted into emission rates to provide an estimate for potential methane emissions from NG storage facilities across California. For the population of facilities that were analyzed, four had natural gas storage tanks with emission rates that are higher than the maximum rate specified by the tank manufacturers. The significant disparity between the expected emission rate and the actual emission rate can be explained by tank malfunction, as the number of observed plume events are far higher than what would be expected for a fully operational tank. If the tank malfunction rates found in the group that was analyzed were applied to the entire population of California CNG and LNG facilities, total emissions may be up to 1300 kg CH4 per hour, suggesting a need for leak monitoring and repair to prevent excessive methane emissions from this sector. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Natural gas, methane emissions, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquified natural gas (LNG), greenhouse gas emissions |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt1zq2p31z |
| By: | Emine Hanedar; Zsuzsa Munkacsi |
| Abstract: | This gap-filling paper provides granular advice on how to design quantitative and structural conditionality of IMF-supported programs in six expenditure policy areas: social assistance, energy subsidies, pension spending, health spending, education spending, and wage bill management. Such granular advice is based on a stocktaking exercise: an analysis of 105 programs approved between 2002 and July 2021 containing a ca. 1400 conditions. Conditions are key to identify outcomes or actions seen as critical for program success or monitoring, and so are essential for financial support countries can receive from the Fund. |
| Keywords: | IMF-supported programs; conditionality; expenditure policy; social assistance; energy subsidies; pension spending; health spending; education spending; wage bill management |
| Date: | 2025–01–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/022 |
| By: | Matanle, Peter; Shin, Yejin; Jun, Hannah; Fakharuzi, Zhamayne; Li, Yang; Bradley, Jonathan; McCafferty, Jim |
| Abstract: | We investigate ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) information disclosure and reporting practices among South Korea’s largest publicly traded companies from 2018 to 2023. We focus on corporate reporting on employment practices within the ‘S’ pillar of the ESG framework. Through a simultaneous convergent mixed methods research design combining quantitative analysis of disclosed data with qualitative insights from corporate stakeholders, we highlight significant challenges and contradictions in ESG reporting. These stem from regulatory ambiguities, socio-political and cultural barriers, and the absence of standardized and reliable disclosure frameworks. Our research contributes to the literature by proposing a contextualized ESG disclosure framework that integrates local cultural and regulatory norms with global sustainability standards. This not only advances the theoretical understanding of ESG reporting in non-Western contexts but provides practical guidance for firms seeking to enhance transparency, meet investor expectations, and drive corporate sustainability. |
| Date: | 2025–01–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:zg5vd |
| By: | Adrien Bilal; Diego R. Känzig |
| Abstract: | This paper shows that unilateral decarbonization pays for itself in large economies. We estimate economic damages from global temperature shocks and combine them with a climate-economy model to construct Domestic Costs of Carbon: $226 per ton for the United States and $216 per ton for the European Union. When compared to marginal abatement costs, these values imply over 80% unilateral decarbonization for both economies, an order of magnitude larger than under conventional damages estimated based on local temperature. |
| JEL: | E01 E23 F18 O44 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33364 |
| By: | Christian de Boissieu |
| Abstract: | The energy and ecological transition (EET) is inevitable, desirable, and now accepted worldwide. But how this transition will be financed remains highly uncertain. This Policy Paper analyzes the financing needs and reviews the different possible financial channels. Some avenues have already been launched, and procedures and instruments are being put in place, but all of this remains insufficient. Many solutions will have to be combined, and these will require financial innovations, the broader application of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria, an adaptation of certain banking and financial regulations, and more international cooperation. This paper proposes several recommendations to facilitate the financing of EET. |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaeco:pp_12-23_0 |
| By: | Andrew B. Martinez |
| Abstract: | I study how extreme weather events affect macroeconomic expectations to better understand the propagation of climate shocks. I identify the immediate and dynamic effects of a Hurricane Katrina-sized shock on business economists' expectations of GDP growth, inflation, and interest rates over the past two decades. My results highlight the importance of forecast revision dynamics. A shock reduces expected growth, but the total dynamic effect is more than double the immediate effect. It is also perceived as a negative supply shock as inflation expectations rise and interest rate expectations fall. The persistence of the response supports models of delayed overshooting. |
| Keywords: | Expectations formation, Hurricanes, Revision dynamics, Natural disasters |
| JEL: | C23 C33 E66 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gwc:wpaper:2025-001 |
| By: | Ulimwengu, John M. |
| Abstract: | Food systems are integral to ensuring access to sustainable healthy diets for all, thereby supporting public health, livelihoods, and environmental sustainability. However, these systems are increasingly vulnerable to a range of shocks and stressors, from economic downturns and financial constraints to the impacts of cli mate change and pandemics. One of the most critical determinants of food system resilience is the ability to effectively manage financing vulnerabilities. Financing vulnerability refers to the susceptibility of food system components to performance degradation due to inadequate, inefficient, or uneven allocation of financial re sources. Addressing this issue is paramount for enhancing the system’s capacity to withstand and recover from disruptions while maintaining functionality. |
| Keywords: | food systems; healthy diets; sustainability; financing; vulnerability |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:othbrf:163239 |
| By: | Tarach, Moritz |
| Abstract: | This dissertation consists of three studies, each examining a different topic in the field of energy and environmental economics. The topics comprise: (i) estimating potentials for greenhouse gas emission reductions of economic sectors, (ii) forecasting the oil production of a region based on historical data from discoveries, and (iii) examining the determinants of electricity price fluctuations. Each of the studies uses a particular statistical method or mathematical model that is specifically adapted to the research question and the data set under investigation. The first study is a stochastic nonparametric efficiency analysis in which greenhouse gas emissions are included as bad outputs. For seven economic sectors and sixteen European countries, this study estimates greenhouse gas emission reduction potentials, i.e., the quantity of emissions that could potentially be reduced by improvements in productive efficiency. The standard DEA method is extended by a specific bootstrapping procedure used to implement a bias correction and to compute confidence intervals. The magnitudes of the emission reduction potentials are compared with the emission reduction targets for 2030 from the European Commission. The results show that improvements in productive efficiency are a quantitatively important element, potentially allowing for a substantial reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union. The second study presents a stochastic model for forecasting for an oil-producing region the amount of undiscovered oil, the future path of oil discovery and that of oil production. The model combines three submodels: (i) an empirically-founded production model at the level of individual oil fields, (ii) a successive sampling discovery model after Kaufman et al. (1975) for forecasting field sizes, and (iii) a stochastic birth process model for forecasting discovery dates. The model is estimated and evaluated for the oil-producing regions of Norway and the U.S. Gulf of Mexico (the latter further split into shallow- and deep-water parts). The results show that the predictions for oil discovery are somewhat too low compared to the actuals for Norway and for the shallow-water Gulf of Mexico, while for the deep-water Gulf of Mexico the predictions are too high. This is similarly reflected in the predictions for oil production. The third study is a multivariate wavelet analysis of the German wholesale electricity market, which examines the determinants of electricity price fluctuations using daily time series. The possible determinants are coal prices, gas prices, and the residual load (i.e., electricity consumption minus wind and solar generation). The multivariate wavelet method allows for a detailed examination of the relations between the time series in time-frequency space, while also taking into account the interdependencies among the different time series. The results show that the residual load is the key short-run determinant of electricity prices, while coal and gas prices are the key long-run determinants. Also, this study finds that the co-movement relation among the energy prices is time-varying, which is consistent with the findings of other studies (e.g., Sousa et al. (2014); Aguiar-Conraria et al. (2018)). |
| Date: | 2025–01–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:152601 |
| By: | Bernhardt, Jacob J.; Stupak, Nataliya; Neuenfeldt, Sebastian; Potts, Franziska |
| Abstract: | Climate change is altering the growing conditions for agriculture in Germany. At the very least since the drought years of 2018–2022, it has become clear that the climatic changes have consequences for water use. The results of this development are local water scarcity and restrictions on private or agricultural water use. This leads to temporal regional water use conflicts between water management and agriculture. As a result, the topic of agricultural water management has also moved up the political agenda. Due to the heterogeneity of agriculture in Germany, and the spatial differences in the factors that determine irrigation agriculture, it is necessary to analyse the entire country at the smallest possible scale, and with a high temporal resolution. This comprehensive regional analysis provides the necessary data, and a decision-making basis, to counter future conflicts of interest related to water use. However, this contrasts with the actual availability of data on irrigation in Germany. A discrepancy exists between data availability and the data requests that has been made to the Thünen-Institute in the course of numerous projects and committee work. Agricultural statistics are an important source of information on the actual spatial distribution of irrigation characteristics. In the agricultural census (full survey) and the agricultural structure survey (sample survey), data is collected from agricultural holdings on the location, legal form, land use, livestock and also on irrigation. The informative value of both statistical surveys differs considerably due to the survey method, the characteristics recorded and the frequency of the survey... |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Land Economics/Use, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimwp:349190 |
| By: | Anna Josephson; Rodrigo Guerra Su; Greg Collins; Katharine Jacobs |
| Abstract: | The cost of the impacts of climate change have already proven to be larger than previously believed. Understanding the costs and benefits of adapting to the changing climate is necessary to make targeted and appropriate investment decisions. In this paper, we use a narrative review to synthesize the current literature on the economic case for climate adaptation, with the objective of assessing the value (economic and otherwise) of climate change adaptation, as well as the strength of the methods and evidence that have been used to date. We find that skepticism is warranted about many of the estimates about costs and benefits of climate adaptation and their underlying assumptions, due to a range of complexities associated with (1) uncertainty in distinguishing the economic impacts of climate change from seasonal variability; (2) difficulties in non-market valuation; (3) lack of consistent data collection over time at multiple scales; and (4) distributional inequities in access to proactive adaptation and recovery funding. While useful for broad stroke advocacy purposes, these estimates fall short of the refinement and rigor needed to inform investment decision-making, particularly at micro and local scales. Most estimates rely on cost benefit analysis and do not effectively address these issues. An emergent and promising literature tackles alternative estimation strategies and attempts to address some of them, including the complexities of uncertainty and non-market valuation. |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2411.16893 |
| By: | Fahmida Khatun; Syed Yusuf Saadat; Afrin Mahbub; Marium Binte Islam |
| Abstract: | The CPD’s Green Cities Initiative was set up to better understand the drivers of air and plastic pollution in Bangladesh’s cities and develop workable policy solutions. Since its establishment, the Green Cities Initiative has brought together scientific evidence and economic analyses, producing a series of reports, evidence papers, briefing notes, policy briefs, and events that have improved understanding of the problem among policymakers, journalists and members of the academic community. In this policy toolkit, CPD’s Green Cities Initiative has attempted to analyse public attitudes and behaviours associated with air and plastic pollution, complementing the existing work focused on structural and systemic factors. |
| Keywords: | Plastic Pollution, Air Pollution, Green Cities Initiative |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:pbrief:47 |
| By: | Marco Guerzoni (DEMS, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy – BETA, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France); Luigi Riso (Dipartimento di Politica Economica, DISCE, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy); Maria Grazia Zoia (Dipartimento di Politica Economica, DISCE, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of extreme weather events on electricity price volatility in Italy, using a novel combination of advanced econometric techniques and a robust variable selection process. A key feature of the study is the application of the Best Path Algorithm (BPA) for variable selection, which identifies the most relevant predictors, with extreme weather events emerging as the primary drivers of price volatility. These selected variables are incorporated into a GARCH-MIDAS model, allowing for the integration of high-frequency electricity price data with low-frequency climate data to capture both short- and long-term volatility components. Additionally, the study incorporates external shocks, such as the Russia-Ukraine war, as exogenous variables to account for their effects on the energy market. The results highlight the significant predictive power of extreme weather events and external factors on returns of electricity prices. This approach provides policymakers and energy stakeholders with improved forecasting tools, emphasizing the need for resilience in energy market planning. Future research may extend this methodology to other regions and incorporate additional variables to enhance predictive accuracy. |
| Keywords: | Weather, Climate change, Electricity prices, GARCH-MIDAS |
| JEL: | Q41 Q54 C1 C53 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctc:serie5:dipe0043 |
| By: | Khondaker Golam Moazzem; Mashfiq Ahasan Hridoy |
| Abstract: | In the field of renewable energy development, there is a large gap between Bangladesh and China. In 2022, China was far ahead in renewable energy utilisation, while Bangladesh was ranked 187th out of 196 countries. For developing countries such as Bangladesh, China’s experience in renewable energy is a lesson to be learned. In the past 40 years, China has made an amazing comeback from being a laggard in renewable energy to becoming a global champion. As of June 2023, China’s installed non-fossil energy generation capacity reached 51.5 per cent of its total installed capacity. |
| Keywords: | Renewable Energy, Chinese Overseas Investment, Bangladesh and China |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:pbrief:48 |
| By: | Khondaker Golam Moazzem; Mashfiq Ahasan Hridoy |
| Abstract: | The paper ‘Attracting Overseas Investment in the Renewable Energy Sector of Bangladesh: Case of Chinese Investment’ provides a comprehensive analysis on the strategic approaches for Bangladesh to attract Chinese investment in its burgeoning renewable energy sector. It delves into the current renewable energy landscape, identifying key challenges that impede Chinese investment, including policy, regulatory, infrastructural, and financial barriers. Drawing on China’s vast experience and success in renewable energy development, the report outlines actionable policy recommendations for Bangladesh. These recommendations are designed to address the identified challenges, facilitating a conducive environment for Chinese investments. |
| Keywords: | Renewable Energy Sector, Chinese Investment, financial barriers, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:report:53 |
| By: | Ibrahem Shatnawi; Jeyhun I. Mikayilov |
| Abstract: | The adoption of more stringent fuel economy standards represents a pivotal pathway toward achieving net zero emissions in the transportation sector. By steadily increasing the fuel efficiency of vehicles, this approach drives a gradual but consistent decline in emissions. When coupled with the simultaneous integration of electric and alternative fuel vehicles into the market, the goal of net zero emissions becomes increasingly feasible. |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2412.02167 |
| By: | Alin Halimatussadiah; Milda Irhamni; Teuku Riefky; Muhammad Nur Ghiffari; Fachry Abdul Razak Afifi (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)) |
| Abstract: | Indonesia has pledged an ambitious target for decarbonizing its energy sectors. This study aims to examine the potential impact of transitioning the power and automotive sectors on employment. Utilizing energy modeling results for three different decarbonization scenarios, this study quantitatively projects the direct, indirect, and induced impacts of transitioning the power sector on employment for the period of 2020-2050. The analysis of the automotive sectors was taken using qualitative method to gather insight into the potential net job creation resulting from transitioning to Electric Vehicle (EV) from Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle (ICEV). The findings suggest that decarbonizing the electricity sector to meet the Paris Agreement target would create 5.86 million direct jobs-year, 2.67 million higher than the business-as-usual scenario. The job creation primarily comes from solar photovoltaics (PV) projects, despite potential job losses from retiring coal plants. Most of these direct jobs are associated with the construction and installation phases of power plants. Overall, the energy transition could result in net job creation (direct, indirect, and induced impacts) ranging from 7.07 million to 12.17 million jobsyears by 2050. In contrast to the positive employment impact Contrasting to the results in the power sector, this study identified two main risks associated with the transition from ICEV to EV manufacturing: lower demand for workers for ICEV components manufacturing and maintenance and higher demand for workers capable of handling more automation-based manufacturing technology, potentially leading to net job losses. This evidence suggests that policymakers should enhance human capital through training and certification, as well as fostering collaboration among stakeholders to address labor market changes during the energy transition and fully capture its benefits. |
| Keywords: | net-zero emissions — energy transition — power sector — automotive sector — employment — Indonesia |
| JEL: | E24 J21 Q43 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lpe:wpaper:202481 |
| By: | Ostovar, Maryam; Butt, Ali Azhar; Harvey, John T. |
| Abstract: | The UCPRC is updating and expanding the life cycle inventories (LCIs) that are available for materials, pavements, and practices being used in or introduced to California for use in the project-level design software, eLCAP, and in the Caltrans pavement management system, PaveM. This report presents the results of developing LCI for use in life cycle assessment (LCA) for three types of materials or pavement structures being used in California: (1) asphalt binder regionalized to California from a national average, (2) warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies, and (3) bonded concrete overlay of asphalt (BCOA). These LCIs fill important gaps because asphalt binder environmental product declarations (EPDs) will not be available for several years and very few WMA EPDs are available. The results of the binder LCI showed that California has a typical asphalt binder global warming (GW) of 0.456 kgCO2 eq/kg of binder compared to Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD) 5 (western states) at 0.487 and the US/Canada average from the Asphalt Institute (AI) LCA study, which was 0.637. This difference is due to the percentage of heavy Canadian oil sands in the crude oil slates in the AI LCA study compared to PADD 5 and California. In the AI study, the heavy oil imported from Canada is 53% of crude input, 18% in PADD 5, and 3% in California. The results of the main study and of the sensitivity analysis suggest that asphalt binder GW should be considered to be a distribution of values rather than a single value, or, if a single value is used, it should be understood that there can be considerable variability around it. WMA is considered a potential means for reducing energy consumption and emissions during the material and construction stages of asphalt concrete by allowing for the lowering of mixing temperatures in the asphalt plant. WMA can also be used with the same mixing temperatures to allow for compaction at lower temperatures at the construction site, which does not reduce energy and emissions from mixing but can result in better compaction and longer pavement life. When WMA is used to reduce the mixing temperature to the lowest recommended temperature, the net reductions in GW range between approximately 2% and 5%, except for one WMA additive where the reduction in mixing temperature resulted in a net GW increase of 14%. It was found that the material stage can be considered the hot spot due to high environmental impacts and high energy consumption compared with the transportation and construction stages, as expected. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, life cycle inventory, life cycle assessment, asphalt binder, bonded concrete overlay of asphalt, warm mix asphalt additives |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt8g87z17r |
| By: | Eyal G. Frank; Maximilian Auffhammer; David McLaughlin; Elisheba Spiller; David L. Sunding |
| Abstract: | Protecting species’ habitats is the main policy tool employed across the globe to reduce biodiversity losses. These protections are hypothesized to conflict with private landowners’ interests. We study the economic consequences of the most extensive and controversial piece of such environmental legislation in US history—the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973. We assemble the most comprehensive data on species conservation efforts, land transactions, and building permits to date. By comparing parcels with identical histories of protections we show that, on average, the ESA shifts transactions from inside to outside of the protected area and leads to a slight appreciation in residential and vacant land values outside of critical habitats. We also show that the federal regulator determines borders for areas with the most stringent protections to avoid large effects on land values, only where it is explicitly allowed to take economic criteria into account. These average findings mask significant heterogeneity at the species and location level, which we document. Furthermore, we find no evidence of the ESA affecting building activity as measured by construction permits. Overall, even taking into account species-level heterogeneity, the number of possibly negatively affected parcels is extremely small. This suggests that the capitalization of the economic impacts of the ESA through the land market channel are likely minor, despite potential delays to development through permitting, for which we provide suggestive evidence. Our findings do not rule out economically significant impacts in a few highly constrained land markets with ESA protections amplified by local regulatory action. |
| JEL: | Q24 Q28 Q57 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33352 |
| By: | Yue Sun (Center for Policy Research, Maxwell School, Syracuse University, 426 Eggers Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244) |
| Abstract: | Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, but there are large disparities in CVD death rates across the country. Air pollution also plays an important role in shaping geographic disparities in CVD mortality, as air pollutants can become absorbed in human circulation systems, and cause inflammation, damage nervous systems, and trigger poor CVD outcomes. This brief reports the results of a study that used data on air pollution and from death certificates to estimate the association between fine particulate matter and cardiovascular disease mortality rates in the U.S. in 2016-2018. Results show that cutting air pollution to match the World Health Organization’s proposed standards could have prevented over 300, 000 CVD deaths in the U.S. over this period. |
| Keywords: | Pollution, Cardiovascular Disease |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:max:cprpbr:8 |
| By: | Radu Rusu; Camelia Oprean-Stan |
| Abstract: | Inclusiveness and economic development have been slowed by the pandemics and military conflicts. This study investigates the main determinants of inclusiveness at the European level. A multi-method approach is used, with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) applied to create the Inclusiveness Index and Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) analysis used to investigate the determinants of inclusiveness. The data comprises a range of 22 years, from 2000 to 2021, for 32 European countries. The determinants of inclusiveness and their effects were identified. First, economic growth, industrial upgrading, electricity consumption, digitalisation, and the quantitative aspect of governance, all have a positive impact on inclusive growth in Europe. Second, the level of CO2 emissions and inflation have a negative impact on inclusiveness. Tomorrow's inclusive and sustainable growth must include investments in renewable energy, digital infrastructure, inequality policies, sustainable governance, human capital, and inflation management. These findings can help decision makers design inclusive growth policies. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.07880 |
| By: | Laura Recuero Virto (PULV - Pôle Universitaire Léonard de Vinci); Adrien Comte (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Linwood Pendleton (UBO - Université de Brest, WWF - World Wide Fund, Global Change Institute (Australia)) |
| Abstract: | Although they provide essential services to local populations, coral reefs are threatened by the impacts of a multitude of human activities. Through the notions of social and ecological vulnerability of socio-ecosystems dependent on coral reefs, it is possible to develop a risk management framework that enables us to identify and prioritize the issues at stake. In other words, the human, economic and environmental value of elements exposed to the risks of adverse events. This framework makes it possible to assess the possibilities for actions that lead either to reducing vulnerability by reducing hazard or exposure, or that lead to reinforcing response or adaptation capacity. In this policy brief, we explain the concepts of social and ecological vulnerability, and share examples of indicators for assessing and monitoring them, as well as examples of their use in identifying action plans. |
| Abstract: | Alors qu'ils fournissent des services essentiels aux populations locales, les récifs coralliens sont menacés par les impacts d'une multitude d'activités humaines. À travers les notions de vulnérabilité sociale et écologique des socio-écosystèmes dépendant des récifs coralliens, il est possible de développer un cadre de gestion de risques qui permet d'identifier et de hiérarchiser les enjeux. Autrement dit la valeur humaine, économique et environnementale des éléments exposés aux risques d'événements défavorables. Ce cadre permet d'évaluer les possibilités d'action qui conduisent soit à réduire la vulnérabilité en réduisant l'aléa ou l'exposition, soit à renforcer la capacité de réponse ou d'adaptation. Dans ce policy brief, nous expliquons les concepts de vulnérabilité sociale et écologique, nous partageons des exemples d'indicateurs pour assurer leur évaluation et leur suivi ainsi que des exemples d'usage de ces derniers pour la caractérisation de plans d'action. |
| Keywords: | Récif corallien, Socio-écosystèmes marins, Recommandations politiques, Vulnérabilité écologique, Conservation marine, Environnement marin et côtier, Activités anthropiques, Pressions, DPSIR, Directive-cadre sur le milieu marin |
| Date: | 2024–11–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04851832 |
| By: | Gilles Paché (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | Despite its significant importance, theme park logistics remains underexplored in management research. There are noteworthy similarities with city logistics, particularly in areas such as managing visitor flows, product supply, waste management, and the application of smart technologies. Product supply is informed by established pooling practices, which involve centralized deliveries to hubs and optimized inventory management. Waste management also draws from sustainable urban strategies, including sorting and recycling. Furthermore, smart technologies facilitate real-time monitoring of visitor flows, allowing for fine-tuning logistical operations, although this raises ethical questions like those encountered in smart cities. These innovative practices, which have not been adequately studied, aim to enhance the efficiency of theme park logistics while ensuring a high-quality customer experience. |
| Keywords: | city logistics, customer experience, flow optimization, smart cities, sustainability, theme (amusement) park, waste management |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04870783 |
| By: | Simshauser, P. |
| Abstract: | Decarbonising Australia's power system requires high market shares of variable renewable energy. An important policy initiative to achieve this is the establishment of Renewable Energy Zones (REZs). As renewable market share increases, spilled energy within REZs is predictable. Spilled energy occurs due to high peak-to-average output ratios of intermittent renewables (being ~3:1), largely inelastic aggregate final electricity demand, and the economic limits of REZ network transfer capacity. In an open access, multi-zonal market setup, an intuitive response by policymakers may be to undertake connection reform (i.e. priority access) and underwrite storage assets to alleviate the worst effects of spilled energy. Prima facie, spilled energy and lines congestion may be reduced, and wind and solar capacity increased, through the deployment of battery storage. However, as model results in this article reveal, priority access makes multi-zonal markets more sensitive to spilled energy, and competitive batteries within a REZ aggravates congestion. Further, early entrant batteries may oversize their MW capacity and crowd-out renewables. All these cases harm welfare within a REZ. Optimally sized coordinated 'portfolio' batteries alleviate congestion because they don't compete for scarce REZ transfer capacity. Rival batteries should be located outside REZs. |
| Keywords: | Renewable Energy Zones, Renewables, Spilled Energy, Marginal Curtailment, Battery Storage |
| JEL: | D52 D53 G12 L94 Q40 |
| Date: | 2024–12–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2475 |
| By: | Aguilar-Gómez, Sandra; Salazar-Díaz, Andrea |
| Abstract: | Every year, 245 million women are victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). Climate change is hypothesized to exacerbate this figure through its disruptive impact on household livelihoods, among other channels. However, little causal evidence exists on this aspect of the climate-gender nexus, partly due to measurement challenges that have contributed to gaps in the literature. In this paper, we use three different IPV data sources to examine the effect of drought in Mexico and the role of agricultural vulnerability in intensifying these effects. We find robust evidence of increases in all measures of IPV in response to local precipitation deficits: as unanticipated exposure to days without rain in the previous month rises, more injuries linked to IPV are recorded in the public health system, police reports increase, and more 911 calls related to IPV are made. The effects are stronger in regions highly dependent on agriculture, particularly when the shock occurs during the growing season. In a country where most agricultural income and land are controlled by men, our results align with theoretical predictions from male-backlash IPV models and extractive violence models. We also find that the impact of drought on IPV is more pronounced in municipalities with low state capacity, though potential differences in reporting behavior between IPV measures complicate comparisons. Our findings underscore the need to design gender-sensitive disaster relief policies, strengthen trust in reporting mechanisms and helplines, and reduce the social acceptability of IPV. |
| Keywords: | drought;domestic violence;intimate partner violence;Agriculture |
| JEL: | I15 J16 D13 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:13943 |
| By: | MARIANNA ALBUQUERQUE; RIM BERAHAB; SABRINE EMRAN; ROGERIO STUDART; AFAF ZARKIK |
| Abstract: | This policy brief was originally published on t20ind.org Despite the perception of abundant financial resources and technology worldwide, building quality project pipelines of sustainable infrastructure and securing funding for them remains a challenge for most developing countries. One potential solution to these obstacles is international cooperation among governments through enhancing cooperation among their national, regional, and multilateral development banks, which already contribute significantly to mobilising resources for such investments in developing and developed nations. Establishing a ‘universal ESG language’ is a crucial prerequisite for this cooperation. This entails developing an internationally accepted taxonomy and guidelines from the beginning of project development and aggregation. Creating a common ESG language will fundamentally enable the use of these pipelines to support the issuance of green debt and securities instruments. This Policy Brief argues that creating an ESG language is a necessary first step for the G20 countries to effectively collaborate in developing a high-quality green infrastructure investment pipeline. This collaboration will ultimately pave the path for a more sustainable, prosperous, and just global economy. |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pbnn_33 |
| By: | Gilles Paché (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | The 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar attracted over 3.4 million spectators and more than a million international visitors. However, the tournament required a colossal investment of 220 billion US dollars for facilities whose future use remains uncertain. It also highlighted the excesses of neoliberal soccer, dominated by financial interests. Since the World Cup was awarded in December 2010, controversies have emerged, particularly regarding the working conditions of migrant workers, which have led to several thousand deaths. There have been widespread denunciations of labor and civil rights violations, and the banning of the "One Love" armband has illustrated FIFA's censorship. Environmental criticisms were also significant, questioning the event's claimed carbon neutrality. Extravagant spending on stadium construction and hotel infrastructures, often seen as unnecessary luxury after the tournament, has been highlighted. Qatar has not fulfilled its promises to dismantle and repurpose the stadiums, which remain underused. The 2022 FIFA World Cup exposed the tensions between sporting values and economic realities and underscored the need for a thorough analysis of the long-term impact of mega-sporting events. |
| Keywords: | economy of waste, FIFA World Cup, Georges Bataille, neoliberalism, Qatar, soccer |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04870808 |
| By: | Quoc Tran-Nam (International University HCMC [Vietnam] - International University); Phu Nguyen-Van (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IUH - Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh city); Tuyen Tiet (International University HCMC [Vietnam] - International University, BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Although numerous studies examine the impacts of environmental compliance and innovation on a firm's economic performance, the role of export activities in this nexus has remained unanswered. In this study, we revisit the Porter hypothesis by investigating synergy strategies of dierent environmental and economic practices (i.e., environmental compliance, product innovation, process innovation and having export activities) on total factor productivity (TFP) of Vietnamese manufacturing SMEs. Our results suggest that while encouraging either product or process innovation is also essential in the environment-promoting policy, joint implementation of these two practices should be carefully considered by managers. Moreover, entering export markets positively impacts rms' productivity; complying with the domestic/local environmental standards could signicantly increase the chances for SMEs to enter the export markets |
| Keywords: | Environmental compliance, Export, Product innovation, Process innovation, Productivity, SMEs |
| Date: | 2024–02–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04441426 |
| By: | Fahmida Khatun |
| Abstract: | A new policy brief from the Task Force on Climate, Development and the IMF seeks to improve the RST’s design by taking stock of the early experiences of RST programs. This policy brief is anchored in the experiences of Bangladesh, Barbados and Jamaica with wider consultations undertaken by Task Force members. |
| Keywords: | Sustainability Trust |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:pbrief:49 |
| By: | Dalla Torre, Matías Agustín; Pulido, Erica; García Salazar, Manuel Tadeo |
| Date: | 2023–02–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col043:80912 |
| By: | Éric Herbert (LIED (UMR_8236) - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité, UPCité - Université Paris Cité, CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Gaël Giraud (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Aurélie Louis-Napoléon (IMFT - Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse - UT3 - Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT - Université de Toulouse - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse); Christophe Goupil (LIED (UMR_8236) - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité, IUF - Institut universitaire de France - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a conceptual model describing the medium and long term co-evolution of natural and socio-economic subsystems of Earth. An economy is viewed as an out-of-equilibrium dissipative structure that can only be maintained with a flow of energy and matter. The distinctive approach emphasized here consists in capturing the economic impact of natural ecosystems' depletion by human activities via a pinch of thermodynamic potentials. This viewpoint allows: ( i ) the full-blown integration of a limited quantity of primary resources into a non-linear macrodynamics that is stock-flow consistent both in terms of matter-energy and economic transactions; ( ii ) the inclusion of natural and forced recycling; ( iii ) the inclusion of a friction term which reflects the impossibility to produce (and recycle)goods and services without exuding energy and matter wastes, and ( iv ) the computation of the anthropically produced entropy as a function of metabolizing intensity and frictions. Analysis and numerical computations confirm the role played by intensity and frictions as key factors for sustainability by contrast with real gdp growth—as well as the interplay between resource scarcity, income inequality, and inflation. A more egalitarian society with moderate inflation turns out to be more sustainable than an unequal society with low inflation. Our approach is flexible enough to allow for various economic models to be embedded into our thermodynamic framework. Finally, we propose the open source E co D yco software as a first complete realization implementing economic dynamics in a multi-resource environment. |
| Abstract: | Ce document présente un modèle conceptuel décrivant la coévolution à moyen et long terme des sous-systèmes naturels et socio-économiques de la Terre. Une économie est considérée comme une structure dissipative hors équilibre qui ne peut être maintenue que par un flux d'énergie et de matière. L'approche distinctive mise en avant ici consiste à capturer l'impact économique de l'épuisement des écosystèmes naturels par les activités humaines par le biais d'une pincée de potentiels thermodynamiques. Ce point de vue permet ( i ) l'intégration complète d'une quantité limitée de ressources primaires dans une macrodynamique non linéaire qui est cohérente en termes de flux de matière-énergie et de transactions économiques ; ( ii ) l'inclusion du recyclage naturel et forcé ; ( iii ) l'inclusion d'un terme de friction qui reflète l'impossibilité de produire (et de recycler) des biens et des services sans exsuder des déchets d'énergie et de matière, et ( iv ) le calcul de l'entropie produite par l'homme en tant que fonction de l'intensité de métabolisation et des frictions. L'analyse et les calculs numériques confirment le rôle joué par l'intensité et les frictions en tant que facteurs clés de la durabilité, contrairement à la croissance du PIB réel, ainsi que l'interaction entre la rareté des ressources, l'inégalité des revenus et l'inflation. Une société plus égalitaire avec une inflation modérée s'avère plus durable qu'une société inégalitaire avec une faible inflation. Notre approche est suffisamment souple pour permettre l'intégration de divers modèles économiques dans notre cadre thermodynamique. Enfin, nous proposons le logiciel libre E co D yco comme première réalisation complète mettant en œuvre la dynamique économique dans un environnement multi-ressources. |
| Date: | 2023–10–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04872636 |
| By: | Elisabetta Aurino (Universitat de Barcelona & IEB); Francesco Burchi (German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS)); Tekalign Sakketa (German Institute of Development); Anastasia Terskaya (Universitat de Barcelona & IEB and Sustainability (IDOS)) |
| Abstract: | Public works programs (PWPs) are among the most used social protection instruments in low- and middle-income countries. While their impacts on poverty, food security and labor outcomes have been increasingly examined, there is a notable lack of systematic theoretical and empirical research focusing on their effects on climate resilience. To fill this gap, we began by developing a conceptual framework that links the different components of PWPs—wages, infrastructure, and skills development— to household capacity to cope with, and adapt to, weather shocks. After that, we used this framework to guide the review of empirical evidence on the multiple short- and long-term effects of PWPs on resilience to weather shocks, such as flood, drought, and cyclones. Overall, our review suggests that, through the wage component, PWPs can be effective in enhancing resilience, especially by increasing savings and investments in productive assets. However, these benefits usually only materialize in regular, long-term programs. The infrastructure component can be crucial in supporting households’ long-term capacity to adapt to shocks, especially given the recent focus on climate-smart infrastructures. Moreover, the positive effect of infrastructure may not be limited to the direct program beneficiaries but extend to the whole community in which PWPs are implemented. However, it is necessary to highlight that most of the evidence focuses on only a few programs and countries and relies on non-optimal—often crosssectional—data. In particular, the empirical literature investigating the impacts of the infrastructure component of PWPs on both beneficiaries and other community members, especially that carried out through experimental and quasi-experimental methods, is scarce. Another critical research gap concerns the role of on-the-job training and its capacity to strengthen resilience in combination with the infrastructure/service component. Therefore, more research is needed in these directions. Only with adequate information on the overall impacts on different members of the society, and on the channels through which these effects materialize, can policymakers take decisions about when to implement PWPs, and how to design them. |
| Keywords: | Public works program; climate resilience; social protection; climate adaptation; low- and middle-income countries. |
| JEL: | I38 J48 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ieb:wpaper:doc2024-12 |
| By: | Adorno, Bruno Vargas; Pereira, Rafael Henrique Moraes; Amaral, Silvana |
| Abstract: | Proximity to urban green spaces offers numerous benefits, sparking increased research and policy interest in equitable access for different population groups. While spatial analyses evaluate access to urban green space, previous studies overlook fine-grained spatial disparities, needed for targeted urban planning. Spatial clustering models (Local Indicators of Spatial Association – LISA) group values significantly higher and lower than the average in the geographic space. In turn, spatial regression (Geographically Wheigted Regression – GWR) reveals the strength and direction of the correlation between variables across space. Here, we investigate whether and how the combination of both types of models helps examine distributional green equity. We show how combining LISA and GWR gives a more nuanced understanding of distributional green equity. We apply this approach to Goiânia, Brazil, with an empirical analysis of access to three categories of green spaces: tree cover, herb-shrub, and public green spaces. Using open-source methods and tools, we examine variations in accessibility for black people, women, and people of different age, literacy, and income groups. We used a new accessibility metric accounting for the size/area of green spaces, walking times and competition for accessing green spaces. The analyses revealed access disparities by population group and green space category identifying specific regions in the city and population groups with consistently limited access to urban green spaces, guiding planners with refined information to prioritize green space interventions where they are most likely needed. This method enables targeted, equitable urban planning that fosters inclusive access to green spaces for diverse communities. |
| Date: | 2025–01–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:sc9wp |
| By: | Horn, Stefan; Gough, Ian; Rogers, Charlotte; Tunstall, Rebecca |
| Abstract: | This paper addresses a neglected aspect of the UK housing crisis: how to rapidly but fairly decarbonise the housing stock to meet tough net zero targets while meeting housing needs of the entire population. To do so the authors adopt a radical approach based on sufficiency. The sufficiency approach is based on determining both a housing floor – a decent minimum standard for all – and a housing ceiling - above which lies unsustainable excess. The authors define these thresholds in terms of bedrooms and floorspace and analyse the distribution of housing in England. They find that excess housing is widespread, concentrated in home ownership, particularly outright ownership, and characterised by above average emissions per square metre. They conclude that current policies based solely on energy efficiency and increasing housing supply cannot achieve agreed decarbonisation goals while securing decent accommodation for those who are housing deprived. To do this will require policies that distinguish between sufficient and excess housing to make more effective use of the housing stock to meet housing needs within planetary boundaries. |
| Keywords: | excess housing; fair decarbonisation; housing distribution; housing emissions; housing needs; housing stock; maxima-ceilings; minima-floors; sufficiency; sufficiency policy |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–04–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:126609 |
| By: | HIGASHIDA Keisaku; OKOSHI Hirofumi |
| Abstract: | Parallel to governments’ fiscal policy competition to attract a foreign firm, countries’ attention to environmental damages grows. This paper analyzes fiscal competition between two asymmetric-sized countries under production-based pollution. An indigenous local firm exists in a large country, and two countries design a lump-sum fiscal policy for a multinational enterprise (MNE) outside the region. We find that fiscal competition changes the equilibrium location of an MNE from the large country to the small country when interregional trade costs are sufficiently small. Moreover, we show that whether a change in the MNE’s location due to fiscal competition leads to eco-friendly location depends on how superior clean technology the MNE owns. Besides, we find that fiscal competition can improve welfare in competing countries simultaneously: the small country successfully attracts the MNE with a tax because the counteroffer by the large government has a heavier tax whereas a large country benefits from losing the MNE through less environmental damages. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:24086 |
| By: | Cristina Tanasescu; Amelia Bucur; Camelia Oprean-Stan |
| Abstract: | One of the themes that have been approached more and more within the specialised literature is being represented by economic cycles. The analysis of these is very useful in the long term predictions, in finding solutions for the economic raise and for detecting the economic crisis. At the same time, it is underlined in a lot of scientific and research papers, the importance of the sustainable development in the present and future society. In this paper we intend to bring contributions to the study of the cycles of a sustainable economy and we will analyse it having in mind the purpose of creating the sustainable economy. We will demonstrate the fact that curves that represent graphically all these, are not simple logistics anymore, bi-logistics or multilogistics curves, but curves in plan that are obtained by composing logistics functions with the function of the sustainable development or with the function that shapes the economic component of it mathematically. We will present an interpretation of mathematic models within the frame of the sustainable development. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.07881 |
| By: | Khondaker Golam Moazzem; Helen Mashiyat Preoty; Mashfiq Ahasan Hridoy |
| Abstract: | This Special Report outlines a comprehensive set of recommendations for reforming Bangladesh’s power and energy sector under the new interim government, which began its term in August 2024. It emphasises the need for significant reforms in policies, laws, and government institutions to address inefficiencies, lack of transparency, and financial challenges in the sector. |
| Keywords: | Power and Energy, Renewable Energy, Power Generation, Energy Policy Reforms, Clean Energy, Energy Transition, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:report:57 |
| By: | Gilles Paché (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | The study of civilization collapse has gained significant attention since the 1980s, largely due to researchers like Joseph Tainter and Jared Diamond. Tainter explores how increasing societal complexity leads to higher management costs, ultimately causing collapse when marginal returns diminish, including in areas like logistics. In contrast, Diamond investigates various drivers of collapse, particularly environmental factors, and highlights that societies often fail when they cannot adapt their supply chains to challenges such as environmental degradation and climate crises. While Tainter views logistics as a fundamental aspect of societal complexity, Diamond includes it within his broader analysis of the causes of collapse. Despite this, it is unfortunate that the topic remains largely overlooked in supply chain management research. This paper seeks to fill that gap by demonstrating that logistical failures play a critical role in the collapse of civilizations, linking historical patterns to current vulnera |
| Keywords: | civilization collapse, history, Jared Diamond, Joseph Tainter, logistics, vulnerability |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04871034 |
| By: | Fahmida Khatun; Estiaque Bari |
| Abstract: | In Bangladesh, the Readymade Garment (RMG) industry stands as the backbone of the nation’s economy, driving over 80 per cent of its foreign export revenue. However, the recent global energy crisis, spurred by the Ukraine War, has cast a shadow over this vital sector. The Government of Bangladesh’s response to the crisis, marked by escalating electricity tariffs, has intensified production costs for industries, imperiling their sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Renewable Energy, Energy Transition, Readymade Garment (RMG), RMG Industry, Energy crisis, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:report:54 |
| By: | William M. Doerner (Federal Housing Finance Agency); Michael J. Seiler (Federal Housing Finance Agency); Matthew Suandi (Federal Housing Finance Agency) |
| Abstract: | We find a puzzling increase in home valuations following the adoption of stricter flood standards. At the same time, we are observing shifts in appraisers' valuation practices. Specifically, appraisers reduce negative language, use fewer flood-zone comparables, and apply smaller adjustments to comparable sales, suggesting a behavioral adaptation rather than a market mispricing. Experienced appraisers are more likely to underappraise properties, yet appraisal values still generally match or exceed contract prices 89.2% of the time. These aforementioned changes and the underlying market dynamics are unlikely to be driven by changes in underlying flood risk. Future research on this topic is warranted. |
| Keywords: | appraisal, disclosure, flood, mortgage, real estate |
| JEL: | D84 G18 G21 K32 Q54 R31 R38 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hfa:wpaper:25-02 |
| By: | Beltrán, Carlos; Rivas, María Eugenia; Calatayud, Agustina |
| Abstract: | El cambio climático (CC) representa uno de los desafíos globales más grandes en la actualidad. A nivel global, las emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2) provenientes del sector transporte representan el 25% del total. En el caso de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), el sector genera el 40% de las emisiones de CO2 de la región, siendo el principal emisor. Asimismo, en las últimas décadas el incremento en la frecuencia e intensidad de fenómenos climáticos extremos como sequías, lluvias y temperaturas extremas ha causado fallas e interrupciones en la infraestructura y servicios de transporte, con altos costos para las economías y poblaciones de la región. ALC se encuentra rezagada en la adopción de políticas para reducir las emisiones y aumentar la resiliencia del sector transporte debido a la falta de información, la falta de priorización en políticas públicas, la incertidumbre tecnológica y los altos costos asociados en un contexto fiscal restrictivo. Este estudio aborda la barrera asociada a la falta de información y análisis sobre la relación entre transporte y CC en ALC que, a su vez, impacta en las demás barreras. El análisis identifica los temas y preguntas clave para contribuir al desarrollo de la investigación académica en transporte y CC en ALC, a través de cuatro etapas: (i) revisión de literatura global y regional; (ii) análisis de prioridades de investigación en la región; (iii) elaboración de propuesta de áreas y preguntas de investigación; y (iv) validación y priorización de las áreas y preguntas propuestas. Los resultados de la identificación y priorización de temas y preguntas de investigación resaltan la necesidad de un enfoque equilibrado que abarque aspectos sociales, económicos y técnicos del transporte y CC en ALC. Las principales prioridades de investigación se relacionan con las temáticas de inclusión y transición justa; los escenarios y trayectorias de descarbonización y adaptación al CC; y el financiamiento de las medidas de mitigación y adaptación, destacando la importancia de abordar las desigualdades, las necesidades de inversión y la coordinación intersectorial. |
| Keywords: | transporte;cambio climático;transporte sostenible;América Latina;Emisiónde gases de efecto invernadero |
| JEL: | L91 Q54 R40 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:13865 |
| By: | Anwesha Bandopadhyay; Prof. Sourav Bikash Borah; Prof. Soumya Mukhopadhyay; Prof. Tanvi Gupta |
| Abstract: | Cruelty-free practices involve avoidance of animal harm during production. While adopting cruelty-free practices by firms is important for sustainability, overcoming consumer indifference towards cruelty-free products is challenging. Through six studies, we show that consumer speciesism (devaluation of other species) moderates the effect of cruelty-free practices on product evaluation. Cruelty-free practices increase purchase intention among low speciesism but not among high speciesism consumers, mediated by perceived brand moral agency. The study examines how cruelty-free brands can create a win-win strategy that benefits the firm and the environment by using anthropomorphized animals in brand communications to attenuate the unfavorable effect of speciesism. |
| Date: | 2025–01–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iim:iimawp:14721 |
| By: | Lipman, Timothy; Penev, Misho; Holden, Jacob |
| Abstract: | The goal of the “Advanced Network Analysis of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Automated Vehicles for Goods Delivery” (ATLAS) project is to examine the costs and energy system impacts of using hydrogen (H2) fuel cell electric vehicles (FCVs) for medium-duty goods delivery applications, with human drivers and some degree of automated operation in the future. Direct goods delivery to residences and commercial operations is an expanding transportation element that has been growing at approximately 9% per year in recent years, with an estimated $343 billion global industry value in 2020. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2024–06–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt1902181w |
| By: | Silva, María Jesús; Sánchez, Laura; Botero Serna, Mary |
| Date: | 2023–02–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col043:80926 |
| By: | MAHMOUD ARBOUCH; ASYA PELKES |
| Abstract: | The European Union’s (EU) Global Gateway initiative, established to enhance global connectivity and sustainable infrastructure, offers a significant opportunity to align with Africa’s development goals under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). However, the challenge lies in whether the Global Gateway can effectively complement AfCFTA’s objectives of boosting intra-African trade and industrialization by addressing critical infrastructure gaps. This paper examines how the EU’s initiative can foster successful partnerships rather than dependencies, while supporting Africa’s economic integration and sustainable development. The paper argues that aligning the AfCFTA and Global Gateway initiatives can foster sustainable and inclusive growth by reducing logistical bottlenecks, enhancing regional trade, and creating a competitive and integrated African market. However, achieving these goals requires strategic coordination, robust policy frameworks, and a commitment to balancing external partnerships with Africa-centric priorities, to ensure long-term sovereignty and economic resilience. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaeco:pp_21-24_0 |
| By: | Arteaga, Julián (World Bank); de Roux, Nicolás (Universidad de los Andes); Gáfaro, Margarita (Banco de la República); Ibáñez, Ana María (Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo - IADB); Pellegrina, Heitor (University of Notre Dame) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the dynamics of farm size distribution, how they are influenced by weather shocks, and the implications for aggregate productivity. Using data from several developing countries, we first document new empirical facts about households’ landholding choices and how weather shocks influence these decisions. Building on a rich longitudinal dataset for Colombia on farm sizes, land transactions, and households’ consumption and investment decisions, we then show that weather shocks increase the frequency of land sales and reduce farm sizes within municipalities, especially among smaller farms. To rationalize these facts, we develop a dynamic, heterogeneous household model in which uninsured farmers make landholding and occupational choices. Our calibrated model shows that uninsured risk substantially curbs aggregate agricultural productivity, and that the effects of temporary weather shocks on farm size and agricultural output are highly persistent, taking more than a decade to fade out. |
| Keywords: | Farm Size; Weather Shocks; Aggregate Shocks; Heterogeneous Agent Model |
| JEL: | D52 O13 Q12 Q15 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–01–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000089:021308 |
| By: | Oliveira, Alexandre Jarschel de; Roca, Bruna Kipper Barreto |
| Date: | 2023–02–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col043:80941 |
| By: | Thiago Christiano Silva; Paulo Victor Berri Wilhelm; Solange Maria Guerra |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the causal impact of extreme climate events—intense rains, floods, and flash floods—on the supply chain. We map the Brazilian supply network in a unique and comprehensive way using proprietary granular data on over 1.7 billion inter-firm payments composed of fast payments (Pix), boletos (invoices), and wire transfers (TEDs). Our analysis reveals that supply shocks follow extreme climate events, with outside-the-affected-area customers reducing payments to affected suppliers by up to 8% in the immediate aftermath, compared to unaffected ones within the same industry. We document significant heterogeneities across sectors, with some affected suppliers in agriculture experiencing reductions in payments nearing 20%, five times greater than the average. Leveraging granular data on borrower-lender credit relationships from banking institutions in Brazil, we find affected firms experience increased indebtedness post-disaster, especially in credit types related to immediate liquidity needs. We observe a remarkable ability of the supply chain to adapt to these shocks: outsidethe- affected-area firms are often able to replace affected partners with low friction. However, some sectors, such as construction, face substantial difficulties. In this industry, consumers exhibit a substitution friction of approximately 10 p.p. This demonstrates how indirect effects can amplify the direct impacts of extreme climate events on the supply chain. While overall resilience is crucial for maintaining operability, directly affected firms are likely to experience a permanent loss of market share as unaffected firm counterparts shift their economic transactions away from them, leading to harmful consequences in areas affected by extreme climate events. Our research may support policymakers in designing strategies to aid affected firms in restoring market share and mitigating frictions in sectors less prone to partner replacement. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bcb:wpaper:613 |
| By: | Khondaker Golam Moazzem; Mashfiq Ahasan Hridoy; Tamim Ahmed |
| Abstract: | This insightful study identifies barriers hindering Chinese overseas investment in the renewable energy sector of Bangladesh, from currency volatility and bureaucratic hurdles to skill shortages and regulatory unpredictability. By comparing Bangladesh’s fiscal tools with China’s robust investment strategies, it identifies actionable solutions to bridge the gaps and attract substantial global funding. |
| Keywords: | Renewable Energy, Chinese Overseas Investment, Regulatory Uncertainty, Bureaucratic Hurdles, Skill Shortages, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:report:60 |
| By: | Marozau, Raman |
| Abstract: | This manuscript introduces Conscious Anarchy, a philosophy designed to align human society with principles of sustainability, equity, and cooperation. It addresses the flaws of current systems – control, inequality, and unsustainable hierarchies – by proposing a transformative framework grounded in decentralized governance, ethical resource distribution, and the responsible use of technology. Conscious Anarchy fosters a gradual awakening to humanity’s interconnectedness. It emphasizes practical steps such as integrating empathy into education, testing decentralized governance models, and leveraging technology for transparent resource management. While full transformation may take generations, immediate action is essential. By embracing balance and cooperation, humanity can avert systemic collapse and create a sustainable, equitable future. Conscious Anarchy invites individuals, communities, and institutions to contribute to this shared vision of lasting harmony and collective growth. |
| Date: | 2025–01–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:wsryf |
| By: | Otaviano Canuto; Hinh T. Dinh; Karim El Aynaoui; Hafez Ghanem; Badr Mandri |
| Abstract: | This policy brief was originally published on T20 India website A decade of poor growth, increased poverty, and political instability followed the serious debt difficulties that emerged worldwide in the 1980s. There are concerns that the looming debt crisis could create similar challenges and result in even more severe consequences. However, the current economic climate differs in many ways from that of the 1980s, when international banks and Paris Club creditors held most of the external debt. Today, the profile of creditors is more diverse, and the mechanisms established by the G20 and multilateral development banks to address this new crisis are partly based on outdated approaches that are no longer effective in adapting to new realities. As a result, a more holistic and integrated approach is required to address the challenges of external debt faced by developing countries, particularly in Africa. Such an approach should take into account the issue of over-indebtedness while also addressing climate protection, the most pressing issue of the 21st century. A promising solution to tackling these challenges could be a new debt reduction initiative focused on climate action. This policy brief recommends a ‘Debt Relief for Climate Initiative’ that will link debt reduction with investments in climate adaptation and mitigation projects. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pbnn_31 |
| By: | Otaviano Canuto; Hinh T. Dinh; Karim El Aynaoui; Hafez Ghanem; Badr Mandri |
| Abstract: | This policy brief was originally published on T20 India website A decade of poor growth, increased poverty, and political instability followed the serious debt difficulties that emerged worldwide in the 1980s. There are concerns that the looming debt crisis could create similar challenges and result in even more severe consequences. However, the current economic climate differs in many ways from that of the 1980s, when international banks and Paris Club creditors held most of the external debt. Today, the profile of creditors is more diverse, and the mechanisms established by the G20 and multilateral development banks to address this new crisis are partly based on outdated approaches that are no longer effective in adapting to new realities. As a result, a more holistic and integrated approach is required to address the challenges of external debt faced by developing countries, particularly in Africa. Such an approach should take into account the issue of over-indebtedness while also addressing climate protection, the most pressing issue of the 21st century. A promising solution to tackling these challenges could be a new debt reduction initiative focused on climate action. This policy brief recommends a ‘Debt Relief for Climate Initiative’ that will link debt reduction with investments in climate adaptation and mitigation projects. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pbnn_31 |
| By: | Lu, Hongyu; Liu, Haobing; Guin, Angshuman; Rodgers, Michael O; Guensler, Randall |
| Abstract: | This report summarizes the impact on corridor-level energy use and emissions associated with the 2018 opening of the I-75 Northwest Corridor (NWC) and I-85 Express Lanes in Atlanta, GA. The research team tracked changes in vehicle throughput on the managed lane corridors (extracted from GDOT’s Georgia NaviGAtor machine vision system after comprehensive QA/QC) and performed a difference-in-difference analysis to exclude regional changes, pairing test sites vs. control sites not influenced by the openings. The results show a large increase in overall peak-period vehicle throughput on the NWC, especially on I-575, due to the congestion decrease (20 mph speed increases at some locations). The increase in corridor-level energy use and emissions was smaller than vehicle throughput, but still significant. Predicted downwind maximum CO concentrations only increased from 1.81 ppm to 1.93 ppm (which remains extremely low). The increase in morning peak activity on the corridor likely resulted from diversion of some traffic into the peak from the shoulder periods, diversion of some traffic from other nearby freeway corridors, and diversion of local road traffic into the corridor. Unfortunately, without overall control volume totals and/or pre-and-post travel behavior surveys for the alternative commute routes, it is not possible to quantify the likely reductions in traffic flow and emissions that occurred along the other corridors that likely resulted from morning commute shifts. Hence, the team cannot draw reliable conclusions related to net regional or sub-regional impacts associated with the new managed lane corridors. The impact observed on the I-85 corridor was much smaller than on the NWC, especially at Indian Trail/Lilburn Road (far from the Express Lane Extension). After the Express Lanes opened, energy use and emission rates at Old Peachtree Road increased slightly (as uncongested vehicle speeds increased), but this increase may be short-lived as traffic on the corridor changes over time. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Managed lane, high-occupancy lane, high-occupancy toll lane, emissions modeling, energy use modeling |
| Date: | 2024–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt93j728pn |
| By: | Musiałkowska, Ida; Idczak, Piotr |
| Date: | 2023–02–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col043:80895 |
| By: | Huang, Jiayi (Cardiff Business School); Zhou, Peng (Cardiff Business School) |
| Abstract: | Open innovation serves as a critical pathway for aligning Sustainable Business Models (SBMs) with the dual imperatives of the sustainable economy and the digital economy. This editorial review synthesizes insights from theoretical frameworks, particularly the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Transaction Cost Theory (TCT), integrated with the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework to explore the mechanisms driving open innovation. Our editorial review highlights key dimensions influencing open innovation: technology (digital platforms, emerging technologies like AI, IoT, and blockchain), organization (stakeholder collaboration, governance mechanisms), and environment (regulatory frameworks, market dynamics, and industrial spillovers). This unified framework offers actionable insights for policymakers to foster enabling ecosystems and for business leaders to adopt open innovation strategies for resource optimization and governance improvement. The review concludes that the RBV-TCT-TOE framework provides a generalizable and robust tool for understanding and advancing open innovation across industries and regions, bridging theoretical and practical dimensions to address the challenges of sustainability and digital transformation. |
| Keywords: | Open Innovation; Entrepreneurship; Sustainable Business Model |
| JEL: | O36 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdf:wpaper:2025/2 |
| By: | Sleigh, Ruby Natasha |
| Abstract: | The structures humans build rarely show any semblance of kindness towards nonhuman animals, ranging instead from the demeaning, to the inhospitable, to the coercive and downright abusive. By far the most ubiquitous are the industrialised buildings constructed to contain those farmed for food. Overt yet simultaneously insidious, these (infra)structures of harm extend across vast swathes of land, dominating human-nonhuman relations. This paper explores the adaptive reuse of farm buildings as a transformational response to unendurable spaces through an interdisciplinary reading of design as activism. Expanding mainstream concerns around the climate and energy crises, we address wildlife loss and ecological breakdown in co-existence with the fundamental social justice concerns that underpin them. Taking egg-laying hens as a much pained example, we engage with the question, ‘how might the de(con)struction of industrial farm structures be harnessed as a tool of activism, supporting liberation and sanctuary-making with ex-farmed animals?' Recognising hens as designers and construction workers in their own rights, agency is extended towards nonhuman designers as a means towards spatial justice, reparation and (re)empowerment. Feminist participatory design methodologies are adapted for human-nonhuman collaborations, triggering an expansion of our communication and care practices to prioritise relational processes over formal outcome. Speculative fiction, narrative and model-making methodologies imagine the stripping back of impenetrable facades to open up alternative futures, expanding the boundaries of our perceived horizons in co-construction of the ‘otherwise’. |
| Date: | 2025–01–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:a4r3g |
| By: | Jessica L. Abbate (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, MIVEGEC - Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - UM - Université de Montpellier, UMMISCO - Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] - UGB - Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Sénégal - UY1 - Université de Yaoundé I - Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique - UCA - Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] - SU - Sorbonne Université - IRD [Ile-de-France] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - UCAD - Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar [Sénégal], Geomatys - Geomatys); Maxime Galan (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Maria Razzauti (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Tarja Sironen (Department of Virology [Helsinki] - Haartman Institute [Helsinki] - Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki] - Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki); Liina Voutilainen (LUKE - Natural Resources Institute Finland); Heikki Henttonen (LUKE - Natural Resources Institute Finland); Patrick Gasqui (UMR EPIA - Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Jean-François Cosson (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, BIPAR - Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques - ENVA - École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort - Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie - ANSES - Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Nathalie Charbonnel (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Rodents are major reservoirs of pathogens that can cause disease in humans and livestock. It is therefore important to know what pathogens naturally circulate in rodent populations, and to understand the factors that may influence their distribution in the wild. Here, we describe the occurrence and distribution patterns of a range of endemic and zoonotic pathogens circulating among rodent communities in northern France. The community sample consisted of 713 rodents, including 11 host species from diverse habitats. Rodents were screened for virus exposure (hantaviruses, cowpox virus, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Tick-borne encephalitis virus) using antibody assays. Bacterial communities were characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of splenic samples. Multiple correspondence (MCA), multiple regression and association screening (SCN) analyses were used to determine the degree to which extrinsic factors (study year and site; host habitat, species, sex and age class) contributed to pathogen community structure, and to identify patterns of associations between pathogens within hosts. We found a rich diversity of bacterial genera, with 36 known or suspected to be pathogenic. We revealed that host species is the most important determinant of pathogen community composition, and that hosts that share habitats can have very different pathogen communities. Pathogen diversity and co-infection rates also vary among host species. Aggregation of pathogens responsible for zoonotic diseases suggests that some rodent species may be more important for transmission risk than others. Moreover, we detected positive associations between several pathogens, including Bartonella, Mycoplasma species, Cowpox virus (CPXV) and hantaviruses, and these patterns were generally specific to particular host species. Altogether, our results suggest that host and pathogen specificity is the most important driver of pathogen community structure, and that interspecific pathogen-pathogen associations also depend on host species. |
| Keywords: | 16S rRNA amplicon high throughput sequencing, Disease Ecology, Microbial Interactions, Pathobiome, Rodent reservoirs, Zoonoses |
| Date: | 2024–02–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04512941 |
| By: | Eskander, Shaikh M.S.U.; Barbier, Edward B. |
| Abstract: | We use childhood exposure to disasters as a natural experiment inducing variations in adulthood outcomes. Following the fetal origin hypothesis, we hypothesize that children from households with greater famine exposure will have poorer health outcomes. Employing a unique dataset from Bangladesh, we test this hypothesis for the 1974-75 famine that was largely caused by increased differences between the price of coarse rice and agricultural wages, together with the lack of entitlement to foodgrains for daily wage earners. People from northern regions of Bangladesh were unequally affected by this famine that spanned several months in 1974 and 1975. We find that children surviving the 1974-75 famine have lower health outcomes during their adulthood. Due to the long-lasting effects of such adverse events and their apparent human capital and growth implications, it is important to enact and enforce public policies aimed at ameliorating the immediate harms of such events through helping the poor. |
| Keywords: | Bangladesh; fetal origin hypothesis; health; long-term effects; the 1974-75 Bangladesh famine |
| JEL: | Q54 O15 I31 |
| Date: | 2024–12–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:126622 |
| By: | Bello, S.; Reiner |
| Abstract: | Given the rapid increase in green hydrogen research funding and the hopes that this will help drive cost reductions, it is important to incorporate the latest RD&D spending into the estimation of the learning rate for electrolysis technologies. Thus, we develop a two-factor experience curve model with spillovers and economies of scale that allows us to estimate learning rates for both alkaline and PEM electrolysis technologies using both global- and country-level data from OECD countries. Our research strategy allows us to mitigate estimation or omitted variable bias from ignoring technology-push measures, unobserved country-specific characteristics, and knowledge spillovers. Using an OECD cross-country dataset over 2000-2022, we estimate global learning-by-doing rates of 17.5 %-46.8% and global learning-by-researching rate of 9%-42.3% for electrolysis technologies after incorporating learning parameter estimates into the progress equation. When we allow for spillovers, we find a linear relationship between PEM technology and alkaline technology improvements. Based on our OECD panel dataset, which incorporate more observations, we estimate learning-by-doing rates of 0.6%-9.4% and learning-by-researching rates of 4.0%-19.9%. In addition, country-level electrolysis cost is reduced by about 28% for the sample period 2000-2022 because of global experience spillover effects. Therefore, our empirical findings suggest that the role of technology-push measures remains critical for promoting and achieving cost improvements of electrolysis technologies. Furthermore, the absorptive capacity of a country should be improved to maximise the benefits of spillovers from global learning. |
| Keywords: | Green Hydrogen Technology, Experience Curves, RD&D Spending, Global and OECD, Cost Reductions |
| JEL: | O30 C50 Q42 Q55 |
| Date: | 2024–12–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2476 |
| By: | Jérôme Faure (CEBC - Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 - ULR - La Rochelle Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Esther Devilliers (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | This article examines how integrating nature-based solutions into agricultural strategies can address the inefficient use of polluting technological solutions. A theoretical microeconomic model, based on subjective expected utility, is developed and empirically tested on rapeseed cultivation. The study highlights the overuse of polluting technological solutions and the underuse of nature-based solutions, driven by inaccurate perceptions of input productivity. The article provides recommendations for public policies aimed at correcting these perceptions and optimizing the use of inputs by balancing the cost-effectiveness of interventions for both nature-based and polluting technological solutions. The findings suggest that policies focused on correcting misperceptions about polluting technological solutions are more effective than those focused on nature-based solutions. |
| Keywords: | Input efficiency, Perception, Ecosystem service, Nature-based solutions, Subjective expected utility |
| Date: | 2023–08–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04869177 |
| By: | Ibadoghlu, Gubad |
| Abstract: | The pervasive reach of corruption extends far beyond individuals, impacting entire populations and critical infrastructure. This paper examines a tragic event that occurred on October 22, 2024 in Baku's Sabunchu district, where two drivers lost their lives, not to floodwaters, but to the consequences of systemic corruption embedded in the city’s sewer infrastructure. Their deaths illustrate the tangible and fatal outcomes of financial mismanagement and the inefficiency in the allocation of public funds. This study delves into the corruption surrounding the allocation of resources to “Azersu” (Azerwater) OJSC, prior to the establishment of the Azerbaijan State Water Resources Agency. Furthermore, it analyzes the role of international financial aid, particularly from the World Bank, alongside revenue from water consumers, to expose the extent of mismanagement within Baku's water resources. The findings highlight the broader societal impact of these governance failures, emphasizing the urgent need for reform. |
| Keywords: | Azerbaijan, Corruption, Mismanagement, Water Sector, Water Supply, Sanitation Services |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:309066 |
| By: | Mockshell, Jonathan; Nwagboso, Chibuzo; Asante-Addo, Collins; Ritter, Thea; Zambrano, Patricia; Amare, Mulubrhan; Andam, Kwaw S. |
| Abstract: | Policymakers are increasingly considering the promise of modern biotechnology, including genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to help solve development problems in health, agriculture, and other fields (Zambrano et al., 2022). However, debates persist around health and environmental implications (National Academies of Sciences, 2016; Raman, 2017; Smyth et al., 2021). The regulation of GMOs varies globally, with some countries implementing outright bans or imposing stringent controls (Sarkar et al., 2021; Yali, 2022). A recent study examines the Nigerian policy environment for Pod Borer Resistant (PBR) cowpea, which has been genetically engineered to resist the legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata) [Mockshell et al., (unpublished)]. Legume pod borers significantly reduce cowpea yield and quality, with losses of up to 80% reported (Andam et al., 2024; Mockshell et al., 2024). This policy note summarizes the findings of the paper, providing insights to guide policy development around the adoption of biotech food crops in Nigeria and other countries in Africa South of the Sahara (SSA). The primary research question is: Is there an enabling policy environment for PBR cowpea and what factors contribute to it? |
| Keywords: | NIGERIA; WEST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; policies; biotechnology; health; agriculture; genetically modified organisms; cowpeas; boring organisms |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:nssppn:57 |
| By: | Sandrine Levasseur (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po) |
| Abstract: | La guerre en Ukraine cristallise trois défis qui taraudent l'Union européenne : son indépendance stratégique, son indépendane énergétique ainsi que sa capacité à devenir une force motrice de la transition écologique. Sur le front de l'énergie ses interventions ont d'ores et déjà produit des résultats significatifs en réduisant drastiquement les importations d'hydrocarbures russes et en accélérant la transition environnementale. Dans le domaine agricole, en revanche, la guerre affecte substantiellement les objectifs ambitieux du Pacte vert, contrevenant à l'ambition européenne de conserver sa capacité exportatrice, composante essentielle de la sécurité alimentaire mondiale. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04871347 |
| By: | Caroline Hopkins (Federal Housing Finance Agency); Alexandra Marr (Federal Housing Finance Agency); November Wilson (Federal Housing Finance Agency) |
| Abstract: | Hurricanes cause billions of dollars in damages to the United States annually. Property damages and associated local economic impacts from hurricanes can affect homeowners' ability to pay their mortgage and in turn can harm borrowers' access to credit or decrease property values in the long term. This paper studies how hurricanes affect loan outcomes in the year following the event. With our unique dataset, we are able to consider how mortgage performance varies by severity, interventions, and low-income or minority status borrowers. We find that delinquencies, modifications, and foreclosures increase after an event and that more severe events see higher increases. For example, we find the average impact of all 28 storms on 90-day delinquencies is 0.025% over the following 12 months, increasing by another 0.013% with each inch of rain. Prepays decrease overall due to a decrease in refinances, but non-cashout and non-refinance prepays increase for a subset of the population with access to insurance and disaster assistance. Delinquencies increase more so for minority and low-income borrowers. Further, minority borrowers experience higher rates of modifications after a hurricane. These results demonstrate that hurricanes decrease borrower welfare overall and more so for vulnerable borrowers through increased negative loan outcomes. |
| Keywords: | hurricanes, mortgages, borrowers, equity, housing, disasters |
| JEL: | Q54 R11 R30 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hfa:wpaper:24-09 |
| By: | Etienne de Chambost (TECH ECO (ex-ITESE) - Institut Technico-Economie - CEA-DES (ex-DEN) - CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Université Paris-Saclay, CEA - CEA- Saclay - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, ADEME - Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Énergie); G. Boissonnet (LITEN / CEA-DES - Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux - CEA-DES (ex-DEN) - CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - INES - Institut National de L'Energie Solaire - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Louis Merceron (TECH ECO (ex-ITESE) - Institut Technico-Economie - CEA-DES (ex-DEN) - CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Université Paris-Saclay) |
| Date: | 2024–12–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:cea-04874204 |
| By: | Weed, Caleb C.; Rodgers, Michael O. |
| Abstract: | This report outlines the technical development and application of the Total Cost of Ownership Spreadsheet Tool (TCOST), a Microsoft Excel-based calculator that simplifies and integrates the main functions, data, and outputs of pre-existing models (MOVES-Matrix and the GREET Model) and other external sources of economic data. The tool accommodates twenty-one user-input variables to produce comparative total cost of ownership figures for diesel and battery-electric trucks within any use case, broken down by cost type (capital, operation, and maintenance), both as a gross number and on a per-mile basis. The tool also provides a series of visualizations comparing cost breakdowns, breakeven points, and expected tailpipe and fuel-cycle emissions for both technologies. A hypothetical regional container drayage use-case example was developed using quantitative and qualitative data, to which TCOST was applied to demonstrate the application of the tool and its value to fleet managers and policymakers in its ability to model the cost effects of minor parameter adjustments or the multiplicative effects of simultaneous parameter adjustments quickly and easily. TCOST may be used to help inform the decision-making process for fleet vehicle acquisition and planning, helping decision makers to visualize a variety of future scenarios and map those scenarios onto their fleet operations to assess risks and make informed choices about the future technological makeup of their fleets. TCOST will help policymakers quickly model the cost impacts of potential policy levers from a business perspective. View the 2021 NCST Project Webpage and the 2023 NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Electric Vehicles, Trucks, Freight, Electrification, Energy, Emissions, CO2 |
| Date: | 2024–12–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt3vs604k1 |
| By: | Hayah, Ichrak; Ezebuiro, Victor; Kagame, Samuel Paul; Kuja, Josiah O.; Waruhiu, Cecilia; Nesengani, Lucky Tendani; Mdyogolo, Sinebongo; Molotsi, Annelin; Abechi, Priscilla; Abushady, Asmaa M. |
| Abstract: | The African BioGenome Project (AfricaBP) is a Pan-African initiative aimed at improving food systems and biodiversity conservation through genomics while ensuring equitable data sharing and benefits. The Open Institute is the knowledge exchange platform of the AfricaBP which aims to bridge local knowledge gaps in biodiversity genomics and bioinformatics and enable infrastructural developments. In 2024, the AfricaBP Open Institute advanced this mission by organising 31 workshops that attracted more than 3500 registered attendees and trained 380 African researchers in genomics, bioinformatics, molecular biology, sample collections and biobanking, and ethics, across all five African geographical regions involving 40 African and non-African organizations. These workshops provide current understanding on the applications of biodiversity genomics and bioinformatics to the African bioeconomy as well as providing practical and hands-on training in genomics, bioinformatics, molecular biology, gene editing, and sample collection and processing. Here, we provide the current understanding of the applications of biodiversity genomics and bioinformatics to the African bioeconomy through synthetic reviews and presentations, including descriptions of 31 workshops organised as well as three fellowship programs delivered or launched by the AfricaBP Open Institute in collaboration with African and international institutions and industry partners. We review the current national bioeconomy strategies across Africa and the economic impact of sequencing African genomes locally, illustrated by a case study on the proposed 1000 Moroccan Genome Project. Finally, we provide recommendations on how African countries could integrate biodiversity genomics and bioinformatics into national economic plans and bioeconomy strategies. |
| Date: | 2025–01–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:dhcxp |
| By: | Bryan Bollinger; Kenneth Gillingham; A. Justin Kirkpatrick |
| Abstract: | Individuals trade present for future consumption across a range of economic behaviors, and this tradeoff may differ across socioeconomic groups. To assess these tradeoffs, we estimate a dynamic model of residential solar adoption and system sizing in California using household-level data on solar irradiance, electricity consumption, and electricity rates that offer plausibly exogenous variation in the future benefits from adopting relative to upfront costs. We find implicit discount rates of 15.3%, 13.8%, and 10.0% for low-, medium-, and high-wealth households. Counterfactual simulations demonstrate opportunities to reduce the regressivity of solar adoption, increase policy cost-effectiveness, and improve welfare for low-wealth households. |
| JEL: | L94 Q48 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33368 |