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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | David d'Acunto; Raffaele Filieri (Audencia Business School); Stefano Amato (Alta Scuola Politecnica) |
| Abstract: | Consumers are increasingly concerned about sustainable development. This study investigates the impact of environmentally-framed reviews on review rating scores considering the moderation of the reviewer's country's environmental performance. We use ordered logistic and linear regression analysis on a dataset of 45k TripAdvisor reviews of green hotels posted by reviewers from 150 countries. The findings reveal that environmentally-framed reviews are associated with higher rating scores, and the reviewer's country's environmental performance positively moderates this impact. This indicates that the environmental ranking of the reviewer's country of origin influences environmentally-framed eWOM about green and non-green services. |
| Keywords: | environmentally-framed reviews rating score electronic word-of-mouth country environmental performance environmental performance index green hotels big data analytics, environmentally-framed reviews, rating score, electronic word-of-mouth, country environmental performance, environmental performance index, green hotels, big data analytics, Environmentally-framed reviews, Rating score, Electronic word-of-mouth, Country environmental performance, Environmental performance index, Green hotels, Big data analytics |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04781820 |
| By: | Lubos Pastor; Robert F. Stambaugh; Lucian A. Taylor |
| Abstract: | We review the literature on sustainable investing, focusing on financial effects. First, we examine the effects of investor tastes on portfolio tilts and asset prices in a simple equilibrium setting. We establish novel connections, including a direct relation between the green portfolio tilt and the greenium. We also relate our framework to prior modeling of divestment. Finally, we review evidence related to the main concepts from our theoretical analysis, including the greenium, green tilts, climate risk, and investor tastes. |
| JEL: | G12 G23 Q5 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33252 |
| By: | Donatella Gatti (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord); Imen Ghattassi (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord); Gaye-Del Lo (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord); Malo Mofakhami (LIRSA - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de recherche en sciences de l'action - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM], CEET - Centre d'études de l'emploi et du travail - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - Ministère du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Santé); Sandra Rigot (Université Sorbonne Paris Nord); Julien Vauday (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord) |
| Date: | 2024–11–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04812528 |
| By: | Geoffrey Heal |
| Abstract: | I distinguish between reduction offsets and removal offsets, the former generated by a reduction in the rate of greenhouse gas emissions and the latter generated by the removal of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. I show that only removal offsets make any contribution to mitigating climate change. There is a simple intuitive explanation: a firm buys an offset to compensate for the fact that it is emitting greenhouse gases and plans to continue to do so. What should “compensate” mean in this context? That the purchase of the offset undoes the negative impact of the continuing emissions on the climate. This can only happen by the removal from the atmosphere of a quantity of greenhouse gases equal to that emitted by the purchaser of the offset. So an offset which compensates for the climatic impact of emissions has to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. I also review carbon offsets generated by forest management, as of all currently-traded offsets these are the closest to removal offsets. |
| JEL: | Q2 Q5 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33170 |
| By: | Thibault Briera (AgroParisTech, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Julien Lefèvre (AgroParisTech, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Despite a vast potential, the accessibility of low cost finance remains a critical barrier to the deployment of Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) in many developing countries. High financing costs threaten the competitiveness of renewable energy technologies and impede progress in the energy transition. This study aims to assess the extent to which international climate finance could help reduce the cost of capital for VRE investments and accelerate the renewable energy transition in developing countries. We employ the IMACLIM-R multi-regional Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) to examine various climate finance scenarios, factoring in the interaction between public and private capital through a dedicated model for the average cost of capital (CoC). The results show that international climate finance can significantly enhance the adoption of renewable energy in regions that receive this support. For instance, Africa could achieve +43% electricity generation from VRE by 2030 in a scenario with deep risk sharing and mitigation for VRE investments, compared to a no-policy scenario. Our study demonstrates that reducing the financing costs of VRE investment through international climate finance encourages clean and affordable energy development. However it must be complemented by other policies to achieve more ambitious climate and sustainable development objectives. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04824002 |
| By: | Bouchta Aloui (ESSOR - Laboratoire Essor: droit, philosophie et société, FSJES-Fès - Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Economiques et Sociales de Fès); Salim El Alaoui (FSJES-Fès - Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Economiques et Sociales de Fès, USMBA - Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, ESSOR - laboratoire essor : droit, philosophie et société) |
| Abstract: | Grüne Finanzen, auch bekannt als nachhaltige oder ethische Finanzen, erheben sich als ein aufkommendes Paradigma, das auf die wachsenden Bedenken hinsichtlich des Umweltschutzes und des imperativen Bedarfs an nachhaltiger Entwicklung reagiert. Ihr Hauptziel besteht darin, finanzielle Mittel in Projekte und Initiativen zu lenken, die dem Umweltschutz, der Verringerung der Treibhausgasemissionen und der Förderung einer Wirtschaft, die den Schutz der Biodiversität priorisiert, gewidmet sind. Die wesentlichen Dimensionen grüner Finanzen sind erstens die Förderung von Investitionen in Projekte, die die Umweltverträglichkeit unterstützen, wie erneuerbare Energien, Energieeffizienz und die nachhaltige Bewirtschaftung natürlicher Ressourcen. Zweitens müssen Projekte, die unter grünen Finanzen finanziert werden, strenge Umweltkriterien erfüllen, um mit den internationalen Nachhaltigkeitsprinzipien übereinzustimmen. Diese Kriterien umfassen Umweltleistungsstandards, ökologische Auswirkungenbewertungen und andere relevante Maßnahmen zum Schutz der Umwelt. Allerdings, in Abwesenheit eines expliziten und rigorosen rechtlichen Rahmens, besteht das Risiko von „Greenwashing", bei dem einige Projekte fälschlicherweise als ökologisch ausgeben, um Investoren anzulocken. Daher werden Transparenz und Verifizierung zwingend erforderlich, um solche betrügerischen Praktiken zu verhindern. Es ist daher entscheidend, dass Finanzinstitute wie Banken, Investmentfonds und Versicherungsunternehmen strenge Umweltkriterien in ihre Investitionsentscheidungsprozesse integrieren und verantwortungsvolle Finanzpraktiken fördern. Die größte Herausforderung der grünen Finanzen liegt darin, die finanziellen Mittel vom traditionellen Sektor in Projekte umzuleiten, die auf den Umweltschutz ausgerichtet sind. Indem sie die Entwicklung von Sektoren wie erneuerbaren Energien fördert, trägt sie aktiv zur Minderung schädlicher Umweltauswirkungen bei. Im Wesentlichen stellt die grüne Finanzierung einen innovativen Ansatz dar, der darauf abzielt, finanzielle Interessen mit den Anforderungen der Umweltverträglichkeit in Einklang zu bringen und somit eine grundlegende Rolle im Übergang zu einer ökologischeren und widerstandsfähigeren Wirtschaft zu spielen. |
| Abstract: | Green finance, also known as sustainable or ethical finance, is emerging as a paradigm that addresses growing concerns about environmental preservation and the imperative to promote sustainable development. Its primary goal is to direct financial flows toward projects and initiatives dedicated to environmental protection, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and fostering an economy that prioritizes biodiversity conservation. The key dimensions of green finance are, first, the promotion of investments aimed at projects that support environmental sustainability, such as renewable energy, energy efficiency, and the sustainable management of natural resources. Second, projects financed under green finance must meet strict environmental criteria to align with international sustainability principles. These criteria include environmental performance standards, ecological impact assessments, and other relevant measures for environmental protection. However, in the absence of an explicit and rigorous legal framework, the risk of "greenwashing" arises, where some projects may falsely claim to be ecological in order to attract investors. Consequently, transparency and verification become imperative to prevent such fraudulent practices. Therefore, it is crucial that financial institutions, such as banks, investment funds, and insurance companies, integrate stringent environmental criteria into their investment decision-making processes and promote responsible financial practices. The major challenge of green finance lies in redirecting financial flows from traditional sectors to projects focused on environmental preservation. By supporting the development of sectors such as renewable energy, it actively contributes to mitigating harmful environmental impacts. In essence, green finance represents an innovative approach that seeks to align financial interests with the demands of environmental sustainability, thus playing a fundamental role in the transition to a more ecological and resilient economy. |
| Abstract: | La finance verte, aussi connue sous les termes de finance durable ou éthique, s'affirme comme un paradigme émergent répondant aux préoccupations croissantes concernant la sauvegarde de l'environnement et l'impératif de promouvoir le développement durable. Son objectif primordial réside dans l'orientation des flux financiers vers des projets et initiatives dédiés à la préservation de l'environnement, à la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et à la promotion d'une économie qui accorde une priorité à la sauvegarde de la biodiversité. Or, les dimensions essentielles de la finance verte se déclinent, primo, dans la promotion des investissements orientés vers des projets favorisant la durabilité environnementale, tels que les énergies renouvelables, l'efficacité énergétique et la gestion durable des ressources naturelles. Deuzio, les projets financés sous l'égide de la finance verte doivent répondre à des critères environnementaux stricts, afin d'être conformes aux principes internationaux de durabilité. Ces critères incluent des normes de performance environnementale, des évaluations de l'impact écologique et d'autres mesures pertinentes pour la sauvegarde de l'environnement. Toutefois, en l'absence d'un cadre juridique explicite et rigoureux, le risque de « greenwashing » se manifeste, où certains projets peuvent se revendiquer abusivement comme écologiques dans le but d'attirer des investisseurs. Dès lors, la transparence et la vérification deviennent impératives pour prévenir de telles pratiques frauduleuses. En conséquence, il est crucial que les institutions financières, telles que les banques, les fonds d'investissement et les compagnies d'assurance, intègrent des critères environnementaux stricts dans leurs processus décisionnels d'investissement et promeuvent des pratiques financières responsables. L'enjeu majeur de la finance verte réside dans la réorientation des flux financiers du secteur traditionnel vers des projets centrés sur la sauvegarde de l'environnement. En favorisant le développement de secteurs tels que les énergies renouvelables, elle contribue activement à atténuer les impacts environnementaux néfastes. En essence, la finance verte incarne une approche novatrice visant à harmoniser les intérêts financiers avec les exigences de durabilité environnementale, jouant ainsi un rôle fondamental dans la transition vers une économie plus écologique et résiliente. |
| Keywords: | finance verte développement durable RSE prêt vert entreprises banques charte, finance verte, développement durable, RSE, prêt vert, entreprises, banques, charte |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04775425 |
| By: | Broeders, Dirk; Dimitrov, Daniel; Verhoeven, Niek |
| Abstract: | Climate-linked bonds, issued by governments and supranational organizations, are pivotal in advancing towards a net-zero economy. These bonds adjust their payoffs based on climate variables such as average temperature and greenhouse gas emissions, providing investors a hedge against long-term climate risks. They also signal government commitment to climate action and incentivize stronger policies. The price differential between climate-linked bonds and nominal bonds reflects market expectations of climate risks. This paper introduces a model of climate risk hedging and estimates that approximately three percent of government debt in major economies could be converted into climate-linked bonds. JEL Classification: E58, G12, G13, Q54 |
| Keywords: | asset pricing, climate-linked bonds, climate risk, contingent claims, green finance |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20253011 |
| By: | Stathis Devves; Giannis Arampatzidis; Angelos Alamanos; Phoebe Koundouri |
| Abstract: | The global Agenda for energy transition and the imperative for climate adaptation mandate a comprehensive understanding of resource use and emissions in energy systems. Industries play a pivotal role in this transformation, both as major energy consumers and as key contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Building climate resilience requires the inclusion of interconnected natural resources such as water in industrial planning, highlighting the need for joint energy-water assessments to develop adaptive and holistic climate mitigation strategies. This consideration is an overlooked issue in southern European countries, given their lower industrialization levels than northern Europe. However, the analysis of resource use and emissions in industrial energy systems is a particularly critical issue for southern European countries because they face significant challenges due to their drier climate, naturally limited water resources, and their high vulnerability to climate change. At the same time, there are major emitting industries in those countries as well, and the sector's energy transition largely depends on their decarbonization as well. This research addresses this gap by analyzing Greece's industrial energy, water demands, and GHG emissions, from 2022 to 2050. It breaks the industrial sector into 17 subcategories, including food and tobacco, textiles and leather, wood products, paper pulp and printing, chemicals and chemical products, rubber and plastic, non-metallic minerals, basic metals, machinery, transport equipment, other manufacturing, coke and refined petroleum products, mining, cement and steel production. The annual energy and water consumption alongside GHG emissions were estimated, by coupling the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) model with the WaterReqGCH model. Such integrated assessments are essential for informed policy evaluation and decision-making. Further, we evaluate the Greek National Energy and Climate Plan, showing its potential to shape a more sustainable industrial sector, considering its effects on the simulated water-energy-emissions system. Findings reveal critical synergies, trade-offs, and gaps, emphasizing the necessity of co-considering water resources into energy planning, developing thus more holistic pathways. |
| Keywords: | Industry Decarbonization, LEAP Modeling, Water-Energy-Emissions Analysis, National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP), Greece |
| Date: | 2025–01–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2510 |
| By: | Lydia Papadaki; Olympia Nisiforou; Angelos Alamanos; Phoebe Koundouri |
| Abstract: | As the need for more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient operations becomes increasingly urgent, shipping - Shipping, despite being a carbon-efficient mode of transport - faces mounting pressure to adapt. The growing awareness of climate change and its impacts has led to a push for the decarbonisation of maritime transport, an industry responsible for approximately 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions. With international trade largely dependent on shipping, ensuring that maritime operations become more sustainable is essential for achieving broader global climate targets. This transition towards sustainability is especially crucial because of the sector's worldwide magnitude, which is growing in tandem with the surging shipping demand. The industry must fulfil these demands while substantially minimising its environmental impact... Alongside the increase in shipping demand, the transition to net-zero necessitates more environmental restrictions, which are expressed through policies (e.g., Emissions Trading Systems - ETS, etc.). Through a brief review of these new mandates, this paper provides a general overview of the main methods and simulation and optimisation models that have been proposed so far for analysing sustainable shipping scenarios, combining techno-economic and environmental parameters. These models combine techno-economic and environmental parameters to offer a comprehensive understanding of potential pathways for decarbonisation. Optimisation models considering technical shipping, fuels and costs, alternative fuels, transition rates, and various 'what-if' or policy scenarios, have been largely used to provide guidance to policymakers with respect to shipping decarbonisation. Herein, different case studies and scales are considered, in order to provide a more holistic picture of the techno-economic and environmental optimisation modelling approaches in maritime operations. Finally, different scenarios examined by these models are discussed, including different modelling cases related to the economic prices of various parameters, shipping demand, the stringency of environmental policies, and more. The findings of this research provide valuable insights for policymakers, shipping industry stakeholders, and researchers as they explore different models, and develop strategies to balance the need for increased shipping capacity with the imperative of environmental sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Shipping, Sustainable maritime operations, Fleet Optimization, Environmental regulations, Techno-economic analysis, Modelling scenarios |
| Date: | 2025–01–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2511 |
| By: | Stathis Devves; Angelos Alamanos; Kostas Dellis; Phoebe Koundouri |
| Abstract: | Agricultural systems are becoming increasingly complex, requiring data-driven, science-supported models to address their multifaceted challenges and ensure sustainable management. In Greece, agriculture is a critical sector, contributing significantly to the economy and rural livelihoods, but it faces pressing challenges such as competing water uses, energy demands, lackluster productivity, and environmental pressures. This study presents a comprehensive multi-model assessment of Greece's Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystems Nexus, evaluating agricultural production alongside its energy and water requirements and quantifying the associated air pollution impacts at the national level. For the first time to our knowledge, we connect the FABLE Calculator (the software of the FABLE Consortium), with LEAP (Low Emissions Analysis Platform, from the Stockholm Environmental Institute), and the WaterReqGCH (a model developed by the Global Climate Hub). The FABLE Calculator provides detailed estimates of the agricultural and livestock production, which are then used by LEAP to calculate the respective energy demand and the associated greenhouse gases emissions, per fuel type used. The WaterReqGCH model uses the activity levels used in FABLE and LEAP in order to estimate the water requirements of the agricultural and livestock sector. The models run under a combination of mild-medium-extreme future scenarios until 2050 considering the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) and the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) scenarios. The combination of the insights provided by this multi-model approach are useful and holistic evidence for policymaking. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Systems, Energy-Emissions, Production, FABLE, LEAP, WaterReqGCH, Global Climate Hub, Water-Energy-Food Nexus |
| Date: | 2025–01–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2514 |
| By: | Angelos Alamanos; Phoebe Koundouri |
| Abstract: | Greece features a diverse landscape with significant land cover changes over recent decades, impacting sustainability components such as biodiversity, climate stability, and ecosystem services. Monitoring and mapping these changes are essential for informed land management. This research utilizes freely available satellite data (Remote Sensing) and open-source tools (QGIS and Excel sheets) to assess key metrics, including land cover change, productivity, and soil carbon storage. We also link these metrics to estimate the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15, and the indicator SDG15.3.1, considering the sustainable land use changes. The spatial synthesis of these metrics reveals areas of land improvement, stability, and degradation from 2010 to 2020, offering insights into Greece's land dynamics historically. Results highlight that most of the land remains in a stable state of "land sustainability, " but certain regions require targeted interventions to address degradation. Notably, urban expansion and intensive agriculture drive localized declines in ecosystem quality, while forest management and conservation policies contribute to stability and improvement. The methodology emphasizes transparency and replicability, with publicly available code and results tailored for Greece's unique environmental and socio-economic context. By aligning national efforts with SDG targets, this work supports policies for balancing economic growth with ecological resilience, ensuring the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, and enhancing the quality of life for present and future generations in Greece. |
| Keywords: | Land cover change, Land Productivity, Soil Carbon Storage, SDG15, remote sensing, satellite imagery |
| Date: | 2025–01–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2516 |
| By: | Angelos Alamanos; Olympia Nisiforou; Lydia Papadaki; Phoebe Koundouri |
| Abstract: | The Global Climate Hub (GCH) has been developed under the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network (UN SDSN). It is an international research-led initiative for tackling complex sustainability challenges. The SDSN GCH develops national and regional pathways (optimal dynamic and spatial mixture of policies, technologies, and fiscal and financial instruments) for the transition to climate neutrality and climate resilience, using a holistic and interdisciplinary methodology: We co-design pathways for climate resilience and neutrality with stakeholders, based on the integration of downscaled climate scenarios with science-based national and regional systems modelling (energy, land and marine use systems, health and socioeconomics systems). The approach is aided by an open-access AI-driven data gathering, aggregation and visualization platform, various innovation accelerators and a training and education unit, aimed at strengthening stakeholder involvement and capacity. The work of the GCH is the result of the coordination of nine distinct research units, covering a wide range of expertise in digital applications, climate science, land, water, food, biodiversity, and marine and maritime systems, energy and decarbonization, land and maritime transport, public health, solutions� application, policy, finance, labour markets, participatory approaches, education and training. The coordinated work of these nine units provides a unique approach of holistically addressing all levels of the human-environmental interface for providing truly sustainable solutions tailored per case study or region. In this presentation, we describe for the first time how maritime operations are seen as a part of a broader sustainability framing of the nine research units of the GCH. First, the importance of "Data, Platforms and Digital Applications" (unit 1) in modelling sustainable maritime operations is outlined. Then, the actual modelling is briefly presented (unit 3), combining the use of climate change projections (unit 2), and the optimal maritime operations, considering energy-fuels-emissions models (unit 4), as well as the economy and finance tools to ensure a just transition (unit 7). Moreover, their interactions and impacts on "environment and public health" (unit 5) are discussed. To bridge science to practical application and policy, and ensure the long-term implementation, we present the role of: the "Transformative and Participatory Approaches" (unit 8) to co-design solutions with stakeholders; the "Innovation/ Acceleration" unit 6, to practically implement these solutions� and the "Education, Training, Upskilling and Reskilling" (unit 9), to develop the necessary expertise for the stakeholders to own and manage the solutions. This approach comprehensively addresses all aspects of human-environment interaction, providing comprehensive and long-lasting sustainable solutions. |
| Keywords: | MaritimeGCH, Global Climate Hub, Sustainability, Shipping, Sustainable maritime operations, Model integration |
| Date: | 2025–01–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2513 |
| By: | Olympia Nisiforou; Angelos Alamanos; Jorge Andres Garcia; Lydia Papadaki; Phoebe Koundouri |
| Abstract: | The maritime industry is undergoing significant transformation as it grapples with the need for more sustainable shipping practices. This transition involves a shift in fuel preferences, with traditional high-polluting fuels being phased out in favour of cleaner, more sustainable alternatives. The sector is also contending with increasingly stringent environmental regulations, particularly regarding the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These regulatory demands, coupled with the already complex techno-economic considerations for optimizing shipping operations, present a set of multifaceted challenges that require comprehensive and integrated solutions. In response to these challenges, the Global Climate Hub (GCH) - an initiative under the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network (UN SDSN) - has been actively developing models that offer sustainable pathways for all economic sectors, including the shipping industry. This paper presents such a model: MaritimeGCH, a free, open-source, and comprehensive tool (optimization model) designed to tackle the diverse challenges associated with maritime fleet management. It has been developed in Python, and there can be different variations, depending on the problem being studied and its scale. MaritimeGCH integrates a range of factors, including techno-economic, fuels, environmental, and operational elements, into a single, unified model. It also incorporates recent European environmental policies and penalties, offering a tool that is detailed, flexible, and adaptable to various scales. The model's optimization framework is tailored specifically for maritime challenges, balancing the need for economic efficiencystriving for environmental sustainability. The paper first describes the optimization logic applied to maritime problems, followed by a detailed mathematical breakdown of the MaritimeGCH model. Finally, the model's utility for policy-relevant scenario analysis is discussed. By making MaritimeGCH publicly available, the GCH aims to encourage the broader application of the model while fostering continuous improvements. The model offers significant potential for helping the maritime industry navigate its path toward sustainability while balancing economic and environmental goals in an increasingly complex regulatory landscape. |
| Keywords: | MaritimeGCH, Global Climate Hub, Fleet Optimization, Shipping, Sustainable maritime operations, Environmental regulations, Techno-economic analysis |
| Date: | 2025–01–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2512 |
| By: | Ulf von Kalckreuth |
| Abstract: | Measuring carbon contents reliably, for products, firms and industries, is key for identifying climate change related transition risks. Phase 3 of the G20 Data Gaps Initiative requests the collection of emission data and multiregional Input-Output (IO) tables to enable the calculation of aggregate carbon contents. What sectoral distinctions do we need – and at what level of granularity? Do we need information on technology? How can statistical data be used in carbon accounting? Based on IO tables and company-level data from the United States (US), I construct a micro simulation environment that can act as a laboratory for answering these questions. The database consists of almost 5000 units located (with few exceptions) in the US and Canada. The analysis focuses on indirect emissions and carbon contents. For levels of aggregation typical of IO tables, the within-sector heterogeneity of carbon contents is very high in some industries. Still, averages can be very useful for company-level carbon accounting. Statistical data can provide consistent starting values for inputs in cases where direct information from providers is missing. Specifically, they may be used to approximate indirect emissions of suppliers, when company-level information on their direct emissions is available. This will be the standard case in the European Union (EU), once upcoming reporting requirements are in place. |
| Keywords: | greenhouse gas intensities, carbon accounting, green finance |
| JEL: | Q56 Q51 C81 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bis:bisiwp:24 |
| By: | Russo, Suzanne (Resources for the Future); Holmes, Brandon (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | The need to transform the energy infrastructure of the United States to support a low-carbon economy will bring extensive development opportunities and challenges to communities, particularly those in the vicinity of existing oil and gas installations. These frontline communities are the most likely to also host new large clean energy projects, such as the Department of Energy (DOE) Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs and Carbon Capture and Storage facilities (The White House, 2023; Musick et al., 2023).The process of energy redevelopment to meet ambitious climate targets will attract tens of billions of dollars in private and public investment over the coming decades, with capital already deployed through the Biden-Harris administration’s Inflation Reduction Act and Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (De La Garza, 2022; US Department of Energy, 2022). Local residents are often economically dependent on the fossil fuel industry for direct employment, local tax revenue, and spillover demand supporting local restaurants, shops, and other small businesses (Kaufman, 2024). However, fossil fuel communities can suffer social and environmental harms from new energy infrastructure (Resources for the Future, 2021). Neighborhoods adjacent to oil and gas wells and refineries, for example, have been disproportionately exposed to harmful air and water pollution for decades, resulting in lower public health outcomes (Proville et al., 2022). The section of the Lower Mississippi River in Louisiana between Baton Rouge and New Orleans has earned the infamous nickname Cancer Alley because of the more than 200 fossil fuel installations located there, which are responsible for a quarter of domestic petrochemical production (Castellón, 2021).Low-income people of color often constitute a significant demographic in fossil fuel communities (Donaghy et al., 2023). A 2024 paper found that Black Americans are three-quarters more likely than all other racial groups, on average, to reside near polluting sites, and more than one million Blacks live less than half a mile from a petrochemical plant (McCoy, 2022). Historically, disadvantaged communities have lacked the bargaining power to ensure that infrastructure developers invest in local economies as part of their projects and to hold industry accountable for pollution and other environmental impacts (Willis & Buonocore, 2023). As the sustainable energy transition ushers in a new era of large-scale energy facility construction, such as hydrogen hubs and direct air capture facilities, there is a need for additional community engagement, planning, and agreements to ensure that communities adjacent to existing and new energy investments benefit from the clean energy transition.In recognition of the need for community representation and economic benefits in the clean energy transition, DOE currently requires Community Benefits Plans (CBPs) for large-scale energy facilities funded through its Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations, which include hydrogen and direct air capture facilities, as well as other competitively awarded projects funded by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law and the Inflation Reduction Act. DOE also recently launched the Regional Energy Democracy Initiative (REDI), which is intended to provide technical assistance and capacity building to support communities in meaningful engagement in the design and implementation of community benefits associated with DOE-funded projects in the US Gulf South region (US Department of Energy, n.d.).CBPs, when done well, require considerable time on the part of community members and project developers. Understanding whether CBPs are the optimal vehicle to generate community representation in project planning decisions and to deliver local social, economic, and environmental benefits is important to determine whether CBPs should continue as the preferred community engagement and benefits tool for DOE-funded projects. To inform the approaches undertaken through REDI and in other communities across the country where DOE-funded energy projects will take place, we sought to understand how the DOE CBP process is currently unfolding, if there are opportunities for improvement, and if Community Benefits Agreements (CBAs)—legally binding contracts negotiated between a community and a developer—can provide a useful paradigm for improved community outcomes.Ideally, such an analysis would include review of CBPs developed by DOE-funded project teams, including an examination of whether and how the CBPs changed between application submission and contractual obligation, as well as the nature of community participation in the drafting of these plans. Unfortunately, such an analysis is not currently possible, as the only documentation presently released on the CBPs of DOE-funded projects is a high-level “Community Benefits Commitment Summary, ” describing the types of benefits a project will aim to provide to the community and discussing possible future community engagement. However, through literature review and evaluation of community-generated statements and papers, lessons can be learned to guide future public sector efforts that seek to ensure representative community participation, benefits sharing, and reduction of cumulative impacts. |
| Date: | 2025–01–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-25-02 |
| By: | USDA Office of the Chief Economist |
| Abstract: | Excerpt from the report Introduction: This report assesses the current state of carbon markets and provides foundational information to determine the establishment of a Greenhouse Gas Technical Assistance Provider and Third Party Verifier Program at the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). It begins with an overview of current carbon credit markets and activities related to forestry and agricultural carbon credit generation. It then provides information on the supply and demand for carbon credits; descriptions of protocols and registries and other systems used to generate carbon credits; a summary of quantification and accounting methods; an assessment of barriers to entry into carbon markets; and options to address these barriers. Finally, the report discusses opportunities for other voluntary markets outside of voluntary environmental credit markets to foster the trading, buying, or selling of credits that are derived from activities that provide other ecosystem service benefits, including activities that improve water quality, water quantity, wildlife habitat enhancement, and other ecosystem services. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Climate Change, Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Livestock Production/Industries, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:349044 |
| By: | Ross McKitrick (Department of Economics and Finance, University of Guelph, Guelph ON Canada) |
| Abstract: | The classical Pigovian analysis leads to the “polluter pay” concept, in which firms pay the marginal damages (MD) of their emissions, evaluated where MD equals marginal abatement costs (MACs). But Sandmo (1975) showed that the emission tax rate should be normalized by the marginal social cost of the tax system or it will lead to a suboptimal outcome. This insight implies a distinction between private and social MACs, the implication of which is largely ignored in environmental policy textbooks and in practice. Here I review the underlying theory, provide a simple graphical summary and then offer a formal derivation in general equilibrium. The Pigovian and Sandmo pricing rules can be reconciled by noting that tax distortions drive a wedge between private and social MACs and the Sandmo rule compensates for the difference. I discuss some of the practical implications and surprising paradoxes created by the Sandmo analysis. I then present a detailed discussion of how the Sandmo model can be applied to the development of optimal climate policy. |
| Keywords: | Green taxes; Pigovian rule; Sandmo model; tax interactions; damage thresholds; climate policy |
| JEL: | H21 H23 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gue:guelph:2024-03 |
| By: | Sophia Möller (University of Kassel, Institute of Economics); Andreas Ziegler (University of Kassel, Institute of Economics) |
| Abstract: | While climate change is widely considered as a major challenge for societies, another pressing global environmental problem, i.e. the loss of biodiversity, is often given less attention despite its strong negative consequences for ecosystems and thus for human life. In light of the strong interconnections between biodiversity loss and climate change, this paper compares the pref-erences and stated willingness to pay (WTP) for biodiversity conservation and climate pro-tection. The empirical analysis is based on data from a broadly representative large-scale com-puter-assisted online survey of more than 9, 000 citizens in Germany in 2021. Our data reveal a strong correlation between the perceived importance of the problems of biodiversity loss and climate change as well as between the WTP for biodiversity conservation and climate protection. However, the average WTP for climate protection is slightly higher than for bio-diversity conservation according to our data. Our econometric analysis with bivariate linear and loglinear regression models as well as Tobit and binary probit models suggests that the main explanatory factors, namely environmental attitudes (i.e. environmental awareness and ecological policy identification) as well as economic preferences (i.e. altruism, trust, and pa-tience) in addition to some socio-economic variables (e.g. equivalized income), are very similar for the WTP for biodiversity conservation and climate protection. However, for many individual characteristics (e.g., ecological policy identification, altruism, trust, patience) that are (statistically) significantly correlated with the WTP for both climate protection and biodiversity conservation, the correlations are significantly stronger for the WTP for climate protection. These estimation results, in combination with a higher average perception in our sample that climate change is an important global environmental problem, could be due to the stronger recognition of climate change and protection in the public debate (e.g., in media coverage) compared to biodiversity loss and conservation. |
| Keywords: | Biodiversity conservation, climate protection, willingness to pay, bivariate econometric models. |
| JEL: | Q57 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mar:magkse:202502 |
| By: | Lucie Allart (UMRH - Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Frédéric Joly (UMRH - Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Vincent Oostvogels (WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen], Animal Production Systems Group - WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]); Claire Mosnier (UMRH - Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Nicolas Gross (UREP - Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Raimon Ripoll-Bosch (WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen], Animal Production Systems Group - WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]); Bertrand Dumont (UMRH - Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Climate change will increase average temperatures and the frequency and intensity of summertime droughts; those shifts will in turn affect forage production in grassland-based livestock farms. Farmers will accordingly likely have to implement adaptation strategies to cope with the effects of climate change. We hypothesized that farmers' resilience strategies would depend on (i) their intention to adapt to climate change, which partly results from previous climate risk exposure, (ii) how they perceive the values and disvalues of multi-species permanent grasslands (PGs), and (iii) that both of the aforementioned factors would vary according to the geographical context of each farm. We carried out 15 semi-structured interviews with dairy cattle farmers in the French Massif Central; the farms were distributed along a range of climatic and topographic conditions. We used (i) the Model of Proactive Private Adaptation to Climate Change to analyze farmers' individual process of adaptation, (ii) the Integrated Nature Futures Framework to analyze farmers' perception of multi-species PGs, and (iii) text analysis to identify the farmers' adaptation strategies. Nine of the farmers felt that they were already adapted to climate change or that they had a plan in place to implement new adaptations in the future. We observed straightforward relationships between these farmers' perception of PGs and their choice of adaptation strategy; those relationships varied, however, with the geographical context of each farm. Farmers in the northern Massif Central and southern uplands highlighted the values of PGs and considered PGs to be central to their adaption strategies. Conversely, farmers in the southern lowlands mostly referred to the disvalues of PGs; they based their adaptation strategies on temporary grasslands and forage crops. Three of the farmers believed that climate change posed a significant risk, but they foresaw little room to maneuver. Despite acknowledging the values of PGs, those individuals did not intend to use PGs to adapt to climate change. The final three farmers did not intend to adapt to climate change; their reasoning stemmed from either a mindset of fatalism or their acknowledged desire to retire soon. Extreme events such as the summertime drought of 2003 and human factors such as intergenerational transmission of farm can accordingly facilitate or inhibit climate change-related adaptation. It is accordingly important to take into account both socio-psychological and environmental factors when analyzing how grassland-based farmers transition to more climate change-resilient systems. |
| Keywords: | dairy, ecosystem services, multi-species grasslands, risk experience, strategy, uplands |
| Date: | 2024–12–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04843570 |
| By: | Laura Eline Slot (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Fatiha Fort (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses significant challenges for countries in Northern Africa such as Morocco. Smallholder farmers are especially vulnerable to climate change because they experience several challenges in the adoption of climate-resilient practices. The sustainable and well-managed cultivation of the cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) could contribute to conservation agriculture (CA) in dry climates threatened by climate change. Due to its high-water-use efficiency and ability to withstand extremely dry conditions, the cactus pear is increasingly being recognised as a more sustainable alternative to traditional livestock foraging in dryland areas. Compared to many other common crops and fodder, the cactus pear is easy to establish, maintain, and has a wealth of uses. Two innovative cultivation techniques are being developed: (1) the use of mixed inoculum formulations containing AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi) and PGPB (Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria) in the soil; and (2) intercropping between perennial (cactus pear) and short-term species (field crops). We propose to identify factors that could facilitate farmers' innovation adoption. We conducted face-to-face interviews with 24 smallholder cactus pear farmers in Morocco. We concluded that farmers do not yet have a comprehensive understanding of the principles of the innovations. The main aim of farmers was to increase production and income. Farmers, in general, pay little attention to the environment. The recommendations that are given in relation to these issues are that training and social networks are essential in innovation transfer, adoption needs to be facilitated by providing resources, an innovation transfer needs to be adapted to the current and future needs of farmers, and we need patience so that farmers can slowly learn the innovations. |
| Keywords: | climate change, climate-resilient practices, farmers’ income, Mediterranean agriculture, drought resistance, climate change climate-resilient practices farmers' income Mediterranean agriculture drought resistance, farmers' income |
| Date: | 2024–12–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04851453 |
| By: | Angelos Alamanos; Stathis Devves; Giannis Arampatzidis; Phoebe Koundouri |
| Abstract: | Land use changes, and especially urbanization, significantly impact water and energy systems, and the associated greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. However, studying the urbanization and population dynamics and quantifying their effects on coupled water-energy-emissions systems remains underexplored in certain countries. Greece, for instance, has been slow to integrate those systems into data-driven models assessing their feedbacks. To fill this gap, this research investigates these dynamics in Greece, for the period 2022-2050, by combining different modelling approaches, for the first time to our knowledge. A Remote Sensing analysis, utilizing freely available satellite data and open-source tools such as QGIS, was applied to map and monitor land use changes, including urbanization. Greece has been proved to be a particularly interesting case study as simultaneous population decline and increasing urbanization are reshaping key sectors of the developing urban centers, such as the residential and services sectors. To capture the complex feedbacks between the developing urban centers with the changing population, to their water-energy-emissions responses, we coupled the LEAP (Low Energy Analysis Platform) model with the WaterReqGCH model. Thus, the energy consumption and the associated GHG emissions were simulated along with the water consumption of the residential and the services sectors. The results reveal critical trends: population decline drives a reduction of the overall water and energy consumption, yet, despite the reducing trends, urban areas claim increasing shares of these resources over time. Similarly, GHG emissions decrease but exhibit shifts in pollutant distribution, with certain emissions holding larger shares in urban contexts. This integrated land-water-energy-emissions analysis underscores the value of holistic assessments to manage these systems sustainably, and highlights the need to develop plans considering them as a whole. The provision of detailed information on the evolution patterns and feedbacks of those systems is critical to shape integrated policies aiming at multiple benefits. By linking urbanization patterns with resource dynamics and environmental impacts, we discuss how our findings can be translated into actionable insights for sustainable urban planning and resource management strategies. |
| Keywords: | Land cover change, Urbanization, Remote Sensing, Satellite Imagery, Water-Energy Nexus, Water consumption, Energy-Emissions modelling |
| Date: | 2025–01–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2517 |
| By: | Frederik Neuwahl (European Commission - JRC); Moritz Wegener (European Commission - JRC); Raffaele Salvucci (European Commission - JRC); Marc Jaxa-Rozen (European Commission - JRC); Juan Gea Bermudez (European Commission - JRC); Przemyslaw Sikora (European Commission - JRC); Mate Rozsai (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This report describes the POTEnCIA CETO 2024 Scenario, which showcases how the deep decarbonisation of the EU’s energy system can be achieved from an energy technology perspective in alignment with the general objectives of the European Climate Law. The scenario has been modelled using the JRC-in-house developed POTEnCIA model in order to provide a detailed explanation of how the different technology pathways were derived for the accompanying CETO 2024 technology reports. The report summarises the underlying methodology of the POTEnCIA model as well as the key policies and data inputs used to develop the POTEnCIA CETO 2024 Scenario. The results show that the deployment of clean energy technologies such as renewable energy sources, electrification, and carbon capture, utilisation and storage technologies are critical for achieving the EU’s climate targets. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc139836 |
| By: | Oscar Csibi (GRM - Groupe de Recherche en Management - EA 4711 - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur) |
| Abstract: | This research investigates how French small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) incorporate sustainability, particularly circular economy practices, into their internationalization strategies. As sustainability has become a prominent theme in business research, the triple bottom line (TBL) concept, integrating environmental, social, and economic dimensions, has gained recognition for reshaping business practices (Casado-Belmonte et al., 2020). In a context of escalating environmental crisis and growing global commitments to sustainable development, such as the Green Pact for Europe and the United Nations Agenda SDGs 2030, adopting circular economy principles is becoming vital for SMEs. Practices like energy efficiency, material recycling, and reducing carbon footprints hold immense potential to improve the sustainability performance of SMEs (Dey et al., 2022). However, Moursellas et al. (2023) highlight the varying adoption of these practices across regions, industries, and company sizes, revealing the persistent challenges SMEs face, particularly regarding resource limitations and operational capacity.Achieving sustainable development necessitates a fundamental shift in strategy and operations, moving away from linear economic models (Dominguez, 2023). With the global momentum toward sustainable development, it is essential to understand how SMEs can leverage sustainability for international growth (Horne & Fichter, 2022). Internationalization presents a viable avenue for scaling the impact of sustainable businesses. Denicolai et al. (2021) argue that sustainability practices enhance international competitiveness and performance, while other studies suggest that CSR-driven internationalization offers distinct advantages for SMEs, such as ethical branding and smoother market entry (Colovic & Henneron, 2019; Sinkovics et al., 2021). Historically, research on internationalization has largely focused on firms driven by economic gains, leaving a gap in understanding how sustainability integrates into SMEs' international strategies (Coldwell et al., 2022; Zolfaghari Ejlal Manesh & Rialp-Criado, 2019). Exploring the intersection between sustainability practices and SMEs' internationalization is critical, given that SMEs account for 90% of global businesses and over half of global employment (Audretsch & Guenther, 2023). However, their success is far from guaranteed, as performance varies widely based on factors such as innovation capacity and international reach. Sustainable entrepreneurial firms, in particular, face unique challenges as they navigate varying regulatory landscapes, manage cross-cultural differences, and align sustainability objectives with international business strategies (Casado-Belmonte et al., 2020). Incorporating sustainability into core strategies might offers SMEs a pathway to enhance competitiveness by addressing both market demands and global environmental challenges (Ghauri et al., 2023) In summary, this research aims to uncover how French SMEs manage the complexities of integrating sustainability into their international growth strategies, especially when confronting significant socio-environmental challenges across diverse contexts and involving multiple stakeholders. It examines the strategic approaches SMEs use to implement circular economy practices internationally, focusing on market entry modes, global supply chain integration, and how these strategies contribute to enhanced sustainability performance (de Jesus et al., 2018; Kirchherr et al., 2018; Re & Magnani, 2022). |
| Keywords: | Internationalization strategies, International expansion strategies, Sustainability strategies, Sustainable SMEs, International SMEs |
| Date: | 2024–11–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04812567 |
| By: | Guillaume Coqueret (EM - EMLyon Business School); Thomas Giroux (CREST - Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique - ENSAI - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - ENSAE Paris - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Olivier David Zerbib (CREST - Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique - ENSAI - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - ENSAE Paris - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Focusing on biodiversity risks, we perform an empirical asset pricing analysis and document three main results. First, the factor going long on low biodiversity intensity assets and short on high biodiversity intensity ones as well as the factors based on the biodiversity intensity subcomponents (land use, greenhouse gases—GHG, air pollution, and water pollution) have heterogeneous dynamics but are not spanned by the Fama and French (2015) and carbon factors. Second, the biodiversity factor excluding the GHG subcomponent (ex-GHG) commands a positive risk premium on realized returns and a negative one on expected returns in the sector highly exposed to the double materiality of biodiversity risks (i.e., physical and transition risks). Third, we show that the negative premium of both the biodiversity and the ex-GHG biodiversity factors on expected returns has materialized strongly from 2021 onward and that it amplifies with attention to biodiversity issues and risk aversion. |
| Keywords: | Biodiversity risk, Asset pricing, Sustainable finance |
| Date: | 2025–02–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04792327 |
| By: | Kupzok, Nils (Columbia University); Nahm, Jonas |
| Abstract: | In the late 2010s, countries began to strengthen policies that redirect financial flows into decarbonization, such as higher carbon prices and new green industrial policies. However, investments remain below what is necessary to reach official climate targets. We argue that the green turn reflects the success and limits of political bargains that attempt to use decarbonization as a means to fortify countries’ growth models and dominant economic interests. Such bargains have proven effective in overcoming entrenched path dependencies, unlocking policy progress. But these bargains also entail trade-offs that constrain the scope and goals of decarbonization. Prioritizing incumbent economic interests can slow emission cuts, limit tools to the unpopular and ineffective, and thwart visions of a just transition. To develop this argument empirically, we provide original quantitative estimates of climate policies in the G20 and conduct case studies of the UK, the EU, and South Korea. |
| Date: | 2025–01–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:d6p9h |
| By: | Jann Weinand; Tristan Pelser; Max Kleinebrahm; Detlef Stolten |
| Abstract: | Land use is a critical factor in the siting of renewable energy facilities and is often scrutinized due to perceived conflicts with other land demands. Meanwhile, substantial areas are devoted to activities such as golf, which are accessible to only a select few and have a significant land and environmental footprint. Our study shows that in countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom, far more land is allocated to golf courses than to renewable energy facilities. Areas equivalent to those currently used for golf could support the installation of up to 842 GW of solar and 659 GW of wind capacity in the top ten countries with the most golf courses. In many of these countries, this potential exceeds both current installed capacity and medium-term projections. These findings underscore the untapped potential of rethinking land use priorities to accelerate the transition to renewable energy. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2412.15376 |
| By: | Ryan Kellogg |
| Abstract: | It is now plausible to envision scenarios in which global demand for crude oil falls to essentially zero by the end of this century, driven by improvements in clean energy technologies, adoption of stringent climate policies, or both. This paper asks what such a demand decline, when anticipated, might mean for global oil supply. One possibility is the well-known “green paradox”: because oil is an exhaustible resource, producers may accelerate near-term extraction in order to beat the demand decline. This reaction would increase near-term CO2 emissions and could possibly even lead the total present value of climate damages to be greater than if demand had not declined at all. However, because oil extraction requires potentially long-lived investments in wells and other infrastructure, the opposite may occur: an anticipated demand decline reduces producers' investment rates, decreasing near-term oil production and CO2 emissions. To evaluate whether this disinvestment effect outweighs the green paradox, or vice-versa, I develop a tractable model of global oil supply that incorporates both effects, while also capturing industry features such as heterogeneous producers, exercise of market power by low-cost OPEC producers, and marginal drilling costs that increase with the rate of drilling. I find that for model inputs with the strongest empirical support, the disinvestment effect outweighs the traditional green paradox. In order for anticipation effects on net to substantially increase cumulative global oil extraction, I find that industry investments must have short time horizons, and that producers must have discount rates that are comparable to U.S. treasury bill rates. |
| JEL: | L71 Q40 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33207 |
| By: | Bård Harstad |
| Abstract: | A simple dynamic game is used for analyzing international environmental problems and climate agreements. Different countries are, over time, emitting as well as investing in green technology. In this framework, we can analyze the business-as-usual outcome, short vs. long term agreements, self-enforcing agreements, participation, compliance, alternative designs, and the development from the Kyoto Protocol to the Paris Agreement. The text should be accessible to students at any level. |
| JEL: | C72 F53 H87 Q2 Q5 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33161 |
| By: | Frederik Noack (UBC - University of British Columbia [Canada]); Dennis Engist (UBC - University of British Columbia [Canada]); Josephine Gantois (UBC - University of British Columbia [Canada]); Vasundhara Gaur (New York University School of Law - NYU - NYU System); Batoule F Hyjazie (UBC - University of British Columbia [Canada]); Ashley Larsen (UC Santa Barbara - University of California [Santa Barbara] - UC - University of California); Leithen M’gonigle (SFU.ca - Simon Fraser University = Université Simon Fraser); Anouch Missirian (TSE-R - Toulouse School of Economics - UT Capitole - Université Toulouse Capitole - UT - Université de Toulouse - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Matin Qaim (Universität Bonn = University of Bonn); Risa D Sargent (UBC - University of British Columbia [Canada]); Eduardo Souza-Rodrigues (University of Toronto); Claire Kremen (UBC - University of British Columbia [Canada]) |
| Abstract: | Genetically modified (GM) crops have been adopted by some of the world's leading agricultural nations, but the full extent of their environmental impact remains largely unknown. Although concerns regarding the direct environmental effects of GM crops have declined, GM crops have led to indirect changes in agricultural practices, including pesticide use, agricultural expansion, and cropping patterns, with profound environmental implications. Recent studies paint a nuanced picture of these environmental impacts, with mixed effects of GM crop adoption on biodiversity, deforestation, and human health that vary with the GM trait and geographic scale. New GM or gene-edited crops with different traits would likely have different environmental and human health impacts. |
| Keywords: | Genetically modified crops, Herbicides, Pesticide resistance, Insecticides |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04787948 |
| By: | Garth Heutel; J. Paul Kelleher |
| Abstract: | We survey various ethical issues related to the use of pollution pricing. While pollution pricing, for example in the form of Pigouvian taxes or cap-and-trade systems, is widely used in environmental economics modeling, many moral and ethical assumptions lie behind those models, and many ethical objections to pollution pricing are disregarded. We hope this review will be helpful to environmental economists who are regularly engaged in the use of such models, and in economic reasoning more generally, but who are less familiar with their ethical underpinnings and possible implications. |
| JEL: | H23 Q50 Q52 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33300 |
| By: | Qiqi Tao (LMD - Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Département des Géosciences - ENS-PSL - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres); Marie Naveau (LMD - Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Département des Géosciences - ENS-PSL - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres); Alexis Tantet (LMD - Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Département des Géosciences - ENS-PSL - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres); Jordi Badosa (LMD - Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Département des Géosciences - ENS-PSL - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres); Philippe Drobinski (LMD - Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Département des Géosciences - ENS-PSL - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres) |
| Abstract: | The residential sector is important for the energy transition to combat global warming. Due to the geographical variability of socio-economic factors, the highly dependent residential electricity consumption (REC) should be studied locally. This study aims to project future French REC considering climate change and air-conditioning (AC) scenarios and to quantify its spatial variability. For this purpose, a linear temperature sensitivity model fitted by annual observed electricity consumption data and historical temperature is applied at an intra-regional scale. Future temperature-sensitive REC is computed by applying the model to temperature projections under the climate change pathway RCP8.5. Three AC scenarios are considered: (1) A 100% AC rate scenario assuming that any region partially equipped with AC systems nowadays will have all its households equipped with AC, but local temperature sensitivity will no longer progress; (2) A gradual spreading scenario mimicking "do like my neighbor" behavior; (3) A combination of the two scenarios. Increasing temperatures lead to an overall REC decrease (−8 TWh by 2040 and down to −20 TWh by 2100) with significant spatial variability, which had never been quantified and mapped due to a lack of suited methodology and limited available data at the finest scale. The evolution of REC is modulated by the evolution of cooling needs and the deployment of AC systems to meet those needs. In the first 2 AC scenarios, the decrease of REC due to climate change could be totally offset in the South of France, which would then display an increase in REC. When the 2 AC scenarios are combined, an increase in REC could be seen over the whole country. The most extreme AC scenario shows a potential REC rise due to AC usage by 2% by 2040 and even 32% by 2100, which could be canceled by increasing the cooling setpoint up to 26–27 °C |
| Keywords: | Residential electricity consumption, Cooling demand, Climate change impacts |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04799294 |
| By: | Toby C. Monsod (School of Economics, University of the Philippines Diliman) |
| Abstract: | The paper explores how well the National Climate Budget (NCB), starting in 2016, has supported the climate reform agenda articulated in the National Climate Change Action Plan 2011-2028 (NCCAP), now on its 14th year. It observes that the NCB, as appropriated, grew from P175 billion in 2016 to P457.4 billion in 2024, or by 161%, with a sharp increase of P174.8 billion, or 60.3%, occurring between 2022 and 2023. However, the sharp increase in 2023 is accounted for by just two agencies - DPWH and DOTR - whose incremental climate budgets account for 98% of the increase, or P146 billion and P24 billion respectively. Moreover, the share of NCB in the primary budget was only 7.3% on average over the period, and never higher than 10% in any one year, raising doubts about a “whole-of-government†approach to addressing climate change risks and impacts. Among the seven NCCAP strategic priorities, Water Sufficiency accounts for the greatest share at an average of 63.9% of the climate budget every year. Yet recurring El Nino events, which are known to exacerbate water scarcity, continue to require the activation of an ad-hoc mechanism to “ensure the country’s readiness to fight the effects of the El Nino phenomenon†. A deeper dive into the items for Water Sufficiency indicates a budget that is almost totally allocated to flood control and other construction works of DPWH; allocations to strengthen the regulatory environment and better manage the supply and demand of water resources are negligible in comparison. Prospects for advancing water security and mitigating El Nino impacts are discussed. |
| Keywords: | climate change budget; El Nino; climate change; Philippines |
| JEL: | H61 Q57 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phs:dpaper:202406 |
| By: | Vincent Pradier (GREGOR - Groupe de Recherche en Gestion des Organisations - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - IAE Paris - Sorbonne Business School) |
| Abstract: | The IPCC's sixth assessment report shows that 'human influence has warmed the atmosphere, oceans and land (and will lead to) rapid and widespread changes in the atmosphere, oceans, cryosphere and biosphere' and that 'the vulnerability of ecosystems and people to climate change varies considerably from region to region [...], reflecting [...] historical and continuing patterns of inequality such as colonialism' (IPCC, 2022, p.12). It is therefore interesting to understand how organisations in some of these territories, which have already been sustainably degraded economically, socially, and even democratically, are managing the aggravating factor of global warming on vulnerabilities. This is particularly true of international solidarity non-governmental organisations (NGOs). As Long-term actors, organisation of the social and solidarity economy (SSE), and the fruit of the colonial and thermo-industrial history of Western countries, what does the exponential and systemic dimension of the ecological transition ultimately reveal about the management practices used by Western international solidarity NGOs, forced to reconcile two environmental and decolonial injunctions to change? |
| Abstract: | Le sixième rapport d'évaluation du GIEC démontre que « l'influence humaine a réchauffé l'atmosphère, les océans et les terres (et va entraîner) des changements rapides et généralisés dans l'atmosphère, les océans, la cryosphère et la biosphère » et que « la vulnérabilité des écosystèmes et des populations au changement climatique varie considérablement d'une région à l'autre […], sous l'effet […] des schémas historiques et permanents d'inégalités tels que le colonialisme » (IPCC, 2023, p.12). Appréhender comment, sur certains de ces territoires déjà durablement dégradés économiquement, socialement – voire démocratiquement – des organisations gèrent le facteur aggravant du réchauffement climatique sur les vulnérabilités, nous semble donc intéressant. C'est particulièrement le cas des organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) de solidarité internationale. Actrices du temps long et de l'économie sociale et solidaire (ESS), et fruit de l'histoire coloniale et thermo-industrielle des pays occidentaux, que révèle finalement la dimension exponentielle et systémique de la transition écologique de l'outillage gestionnaire des ONG occidentales de solidarité internationale, contraintes de concilier deux injonctions environnementales et décoloniales à transiter ? |
| Keywords: | ONG, Décolonial, Transitions, CMS, Solidarité |
| Date: | 2024–12–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04831857 |
| By: | Rim Berahab; Afaf Zarkik |
| Abstract: | This Policy Paper was originally published on freiheit.org This study explores how Morocco can successfully develop a green hydrogen market and at the same time contribute to the global energy transition. Authors Rim Berahab and Afaf Zarkik show how Morocco’s bold strategies and investments in renewables can shape a promising future for green hydrogen. They chart a path to decipher the potential of this energy vector, while outlining the elements necessary for the emergence of a green hydrogen market in Morocco. By considering both the country’s internal energy needs and competitive pressures on the international stage, they aim to offer an analysis that can guide Morocco towards consolidating and amplifying its competitive advantage. Morocco, by capitalizing on its pioneering role in the field of green hydrogen, can pave the way towards a more sustainable and prosperous energy future. Moreover, collaboration around Green Hydrogen can potentially constitute an important new chapter in Morocco-German relations. |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpcoen:rpnn_73 |
| By: | Gaël Giraud (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Paul Valcke (GEJP - Georgetown Environmental Justice Program [Washington] - GU - Georgetown University [Washington]) |
| Abstract: | Abstract Designing policy for global warming requires an integrated analysis of the interplay between the economy and the environment. The consensus is growing that, despite their dominance in the economics literature and their influence in public discussion and policymaking, the methodology employed so far by most Integrated Assessment Models (iams) ‘rests on flawed foundations' (Stiglitz et al. 2016). This is particularly worrisome in the face of the immense risks and challenges of global warming and the radical changes in our economies that an effective response requires. This paper introduces an alternative paradigm, IDEE (Integrated Dynamics Environment-Economy), based on coupling a medium-size climate model with nonlinear, out-of-equilibrium, stock-flow-consistent macroeconomic dynamics in continuous time. IDEE allows for multiple economic steady states, endogeneous business cycles, endogenous growth, corporate default, and the short- and long-run assessment of various mitigation and adaptation policies. We argue that this approach is suitable for providing insights into managing the transition to net-zero emissions and coping with damages induced by the ecological crisis. |
| Abstract: | L'élaboration d'une politique de lutte contre le réchauffement climatique nécessite une analyse intégrée de l'interaction entre l'économie et l'environnement. Il est de plus en plus admis que, malgré leur domination dans la littérature économique et leur influence dans le débat public et l'élaboration des politiques, la méthodologie employée jusqu'à présent par la plupart des modèles d'évaluation intégrée (MEI) « repose sur des bases erronées » (Stiglitz et al. 2016). Ceci est particulièrement inquiétant face aux risques et défis immenses du réchauffement climatique et aux changements radicaux de nos économies qu'une réponse efficace requiert. Cet article présente un paradigme alternatif, IDEE (Integrated Dynamics Environment-Economy), basé sur le couplage d'un modèle climatique de taille moyenne avec une dynamique macroéconomique non linéaire, hors équilibre, cohérente avec les flux de stocks en temps continu. IDEE permet des états stables économiques multiples, des cycles économiques endogènes, une croissance endogène, des défaillances d'entreprises et l'évaluation à court et à long terme de diverses politiques d'atténuation et d'adaptation. Nous soutenons que cette approche est adaptée à la gestion de la transition vers des émissions nettes nulles et à la gestion des dommages induits par la crise écologique. |
| Keywords: | climate change, extreme risk, market imperfections, climate policy, integrated assessment, stock-flow consistency |
| Date: | 2023–02–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-04872596 |
| By: | Stathis Devves; Angelos Alamanos; Phoebe Koundouri |
| Abstract: | The terrestrial transportation sector, including passengers, buses, and trains, is becoming an increasingly complex field in terms of decarbonization, requiring science-driven, data-based solutions to address its energy and emissions challenges effectively. Greece exemplifies these challenges, as its transportation sector has been slow in transitioning towards decarbonization, despite the country's commitments. Factors such as dependence on conventional fuels, infrastructure inefficiencies, and policy gaps exacerbate the situation, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive modeling and assessment tools. This research presents a detailed assessment of Greece's transportation sector, focusing on energy demand and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, per use and per fuel type. Leveraging the Low-Emission-Analysis Platform (LEAP) model, we analyze the sector's fuel mix across various uses at a national scale, marking, to the best of our knowledge, the first such effort for Greece. The model is tested under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) scenarios: SSP1 (sustainability-focused), SSP2 (moderate progress), and SSP5 (fossil-fueled development), projected to 2050. Our findings reveal critical insights into how different decarbonization pathways could reshape Greece's transportation sector. The key outcomes discussed include variations in energy consumption, emission trajectories, and the feasibility of achieving national and EU decarbonization targets under diverse socio-economic conditions. This work aims to support policymakers in designing robust, forward-looking transportation strategies aligned with sustainability objectives. |
| Keywords: | Transportation Decarbonization, LEAP Modeling, Energy Demand Analysis, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), Greece |
| Date: | 2025–01–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2515 |
| By: | Carolyn Fischer; Chenfei Qu; Lawrence H. Goulder |
| Abstract: | Jurisdictions employing emissions trading systems (ETSs) to control emissions often utilize other environmental or energy policies as well, including policies to support renewable energy and reduce energy consumption. Interactions with these other policies lead to different outcomes from what might be predicted by examining the policies separately. The prior literature considering policy interactions has focused mainly on the case where the ETS is cap and trade. This paper extends the literature by examining the outcomes under a wide range of ETSs (including several forms of tradable performance standards) and overlapping policies (including various renewable subsidies and electricity consumption taxes). An analytical model demonstrates that the impacts of overlapping policies on allowance prices, emissions, and electricity output depend critically on the nature of the ETS. A numerical general equilibrium model tailored to China’s economy explores the implications for the cost-effectiveness of emissions reductions. Results indicate that overlapping policies that reduce cost-effectiveness under cap and trade can significantly enhance cost-effectiveness under tradable performance standards. The model predicts that under the current and planned designs for China’s ETS, which sets differentiated tradable performance standards for emitters, implementing renewable portfolio standards and accounting for indirect emissions from electricity consumption are both beneficial. Together they can reduce the cost of achieving the national emissions target by 20-30 percent over the interval 2020-2035. Transitioning to uniform benchmarks for emitting power generators could save another 10-15 percent. The findings highlight the importance of coordinating the designs of emissions trading systems with the overlapping policies. |
| JEL: | O38 Q48 Q52 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33197 |
| By: | Azizul Hakim Rafi; Abdullah Al Abrar Chowdhury; Adita Sultana; Abdulla All Noman |
| Abstract: | Given the fact that climate change has become one of the most pressing problems in many countries in recent years, specialized research on how to mitigate climate change has been adopted by many countries. Within this discussion, the influence of advanced technologies in achieving carbon neutrality has been discussed. While several studies investigated how AI and Digital innovations could be used to reduce the environmental footprint, the actual influence of AI in reducing CO2 emissions (a proxy measuring carbon footprint) has yet to be investigated. This paper studies the role of advanced technologies in general, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) and ICT use in particular, in advancing carbon neutrality in the United States, between 2021. Secondly, this paper examines how Stock Market Growth, ICT use, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and Population affect CO2 emissions using the STIRPAT model. After examining stationarity among the variables using a variety of unit root tests, this study concluded that there are no unit root problems across all the variables, with a mixed order of integration. The ARDL bounds test for cointegration revealed that variables in this study have a long-run relationship. Moreover, the estimates revealed from the ARDL model in the short- and long-run indicated that economic growth, stock market capitalization, and population significantly contributed to the carbon emissions in both the short-run and long-run. Conversely, AI and ICT use significantly reduced carbon emissions over both periods. Furthermore, findings were confirmed to be robust using FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR estimations. Furthermore, diagnostic tests indicated the absence of serial correlation, heteroscedasticity, and specification errors and, thus, the model was robust. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2412.16166 |
| By: | Shan Ge; Stephanie Johnson; Nitzan Tzur-Ilan |
| Abstract: | As climate change exacerbates natural disasters, homeowners’ insurance premiums are rising dramatically. We examine the impact of premium increases on borrowers’ mortgage and credit outcomes using new data on home insurance policies for 6.7 million borrowers. We find that higher premiums increase the probability of mortgage delinquency, as well as prepayment (driven mainly by relocation). The results hold using a novel instrumental variable. The delinquency effect is greater for borrowers with higher debt-to-income ratios. Both delinquency and prepayment effects are present in both GSE and non-GSE mortgages. We also find that higher premiums significantly raise the probability of credit card delinquency and worsen borrowers’ creditworthiness. Our findings unveil a channel through which climate change can threaten household financial health and potentially impact the stability of the financial system. |
| Keywords: | climate change; insurance; mortgage; delinquency; prepayment; credit cards |
| JEL: | G21 G22 G5 G52 G53 R21 Q54 D14 R3 |
| Date: | 2025–01–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:feddwp:99475 |
| By: | Felipe de Bolle; Egemen Kolemen |
| Abstract: | With the increasing urgency of climate change's impacts and limited success in reducing emissions, "geoengineering, " or the artificial manipulation of the climate to reduce warming rates, has been proposed as an alternative short-term solution. Options range from taking carbon out of the atmosphere through carbon sinks and brightening clouds to increasing the planet's albedo through the release of reflective particles into the atmosphere. While still controversial, geoengineering has been proposed by some as a promising and low-cost way of combating climate change. In particular, so-called 'moderate' geoengineering is claimed to be achievable with few potential side effects or other ramifications. However, this paper argues that the effect of moderate geoengineering can easily be nullified by 'counter-geoengineering, ' and any impactful geoengineering would require a global governance framework to prevent countries which benefit from warming temperatures from deploying counter-geoengineering. In this paper, we take Russia as an example due to its potential interest in counteracting geoengineering and its significant ability to release a great amount of methane, a viable counter-geoengineering pathway in the short term. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2412.03598 |
| By: | Karelys Guzman-Finol; Sandy Dall’erba; Angela C. Lyons; Jorge Eiras-Barca |
| Abstract: | We estimate the effects of annual temperature and precipitation on rice yields in Colombia from 1987 to 2016. The analysis explores the degree of variation in response to climate changes across the country’s diverse topography. Since there are two growing seasons in Colombia, the effects of the weather conditions for these two seasons are independently investigated. Additionally, rice yields are projected for two periods (2046-2065 and 2081-2100) based on the RCP 4.5, 6.5, and 8.0 of future climate scenarios. We found a positive effect of rainfall and temperature on yields, although one variable attenuates the effect of the other. The early season temperature and the later season precipitation were the main drivers of the yield. Effects were larger in departments with higher altitudes. Projections show that temperature and precipitation changes will cause rice yields to increase by 10% over 2046-2065, and 2081-2100, with respect to the reference period 1987-2016. **** ABSTRAC: En este documento estimamos los efectos de la temperatura y la precipitación en el rendimiento del arroz en Colombia, utilizando datos anuales a nivel departamental entre 1987 y 2016. El análisis explora como estos efectos varían de acuerdo a la altitud media del departamento y al periodo en el que se miden las variables. Adicionalmente, realizamos proyecciones del rendimiento del arroz para los periodos 2046-2065 y 2081-2100, con base en los escenarios RCP 4.5, 6.5, y 8.0 de cambio climático. Encontramos que la temperatura y la precipitación tienen un efecto positivo en el rendimiento del arroz, aunque cada variable atenúa el efecto de la otra. La temperatura del primer semestre y la precipitación del segundo semestre fueron los principales impulsadores del rendimiento anual. Los efectos fueron más considerables en los departamentos con mayor altitud promedio. Las proyecciones muestran que (todo lo demás constante) los cambios en la temperatura y la precipitación harán que el rendimiento aumente en un 10% en los periodos 2046-2065 y 2081-2100, con respecto al periodo de referencia (1987-2016). |
| Keywords: | rice yields, irrigation, rainfed, temperature, precipitation, climate change, arroz, rendimiento, secano, temperatura, precipitación, cambio climático |
| JEL: | R11 Q15 Q18 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdr:borrec:1299 |
| By: | Iermakova, Olga; Zhuvahina, Iryna; Metelytsia, Volodymyr; Dmytryshyn, Roman |
| Abstract: | In the past, when the aquaculture industry was just beginning to develop in the world, the main goal of fish farming was to provide the population with food. The development of fish farming led to the emergence of environmental problems, which made it necessary to include the factor of environmental safety, along with economic and social factors, into the agenda of the development of the aquaculture sector. The purpose of this study is to determine the conceptual basis for the implementation of environmental safety principles for the development of the aquaculture sector. The article examines the peculiarities of aquaculture development in terms of modern ecological concepts, the mutual influence of factors of ecologically safe market-oriented development of aquaculture, the sustainable development model of the aquaculture sector is proposed, the tools for ensuring ecologically safe market-oriented development of the aquaculture sector are systematized. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esconf:308750 |
| By: | Khondaker Golam Moazzem; Tamim Ahmed; Mashfiq Ahasan Hridoy |
| Abstract: | Accelerating renewable energy financing is essential for Bangladesh to achieve its ambitious target of 40 per cent renewable energy-based power generation by 2041. Currently, renewable energy constitutes only 4.5 per cent of the country’s total energy mix, underscoring the need for substantial investment to meet future goals. Along with different domestic and international energy financing overseas investment, particularly from China, could be a key contributor to the sector. |
| Keywords: | Bangladesh renewable energy, Chinese overseas investment, Clean energy financing, Renewable energy, Bangladesh energy mix, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:pbrief:61 |
| By: | Hirotaka Imada (Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London); Yukako Inoue (Department of Social Psychology, Yasuda Women’s University); Alice Yamamoto-Wilson (Independent Researcher, Tokyo, Japan); Tatsuyoshi Saijo (Kyoto University of Advanced Science); Nobuhiro Mifune (Research Institute for Future Design, Kochi University of Technology) |
| Abstract: | Issues related to sustainability (e.g., climate change and over-fishing) manifest themselves as intergenerational social dilemmas, and people are constantly faced with a choice between self-serving unsustainable behavior and sustainable, personally costly behavior. Extending the previous literature on intergroup (non-international) cooperation, we tested whether group membership of the future generations influences sustainable decision making. Two preregistered studies focusing on the minimal group (N = 1393) and the natural group (Japan vs. China, N = 1781), we revealed future ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation; individuals are more and less likely to make a sustainable decision when they believe that their current behavior benefits future ingroup and outgroup members, respectively. Future ingroup favoritism and outgroup derogation were primarily driven by the increased felt responsibility for future generations and the reduced sense of reputational concern. |
| Keywords: | intergenerational decision-making, intergenerational cooperation, future generation, sustainability, ingroup favoritism |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kch:wpaper:sdes-2025-1 |
| By: | Yiwen Chen (Shandong Agricultural University, CN); Nora paulus (DEM, Université du Luxembourg, LU); Weihua Ruan (Purdue University Northwest, US); Benteng Zou (DEM, Université du Luxembourg) |
| Abstract: | The global transition to renewable energy technologies has significantly increased the demand for critical minerals, underscoring the need for strategies to mitigate supply chain vulnerabilities. This paper examines the dynamics between exporting and importing countries in the critical minerals market, with a focus on recycling and substitution as alternative solutions. We develop a dynamic game model to analyze the investments of the importing country in recycling and the development of backstop substitutions, while considering the optimal supply strategies of the exporting country. Our study simultaneously investigates the optimal rates of recycling and substitution within a Markovian subgame-perfect Nash equilibrium framework. This paper explores regime-switching conditions across four distinct modes: exclusive reliance on non-renewable resources, recycling readiness, substitution readiness, and the coexistence of recycling and substitution. Key contributions include deriving regime-switching conditions through impulse control, determining optimal supply strategies under different market modes, characterizing explicit mode-switching criteria, and identifying the emergence of multiple Nash equilibria in the presence of recycling. These findings offer valuable insights into reducing dependence on critical minerals, promoting sustainable resource management, and fostering resilient supply chains. |
| Keywords: | critical minerals, recycling, substitution, differential game, impulse control. |
| JEL: | Q34 C61 D4 L72 L12 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:luc:wpaper:25-04 |
| By: | H. Burcu Gürcihan |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we explore the interaction of monetary policy and a regulatory policy for controlling pollution within an economy populated with financially constrained producers exhibiting heterogeneity in production technology and pollution rates. Environment related components of the model include pollution externality, an abatement technology and environmental policy in the form of tax on pollutants. Our analysis is organized around two main topics: assessing the effect of monetary policy on social welfare in the presence of environmental concerns and investigating how the existence of pollution-type externality and environmental regulation influences optimal monetary policy. Our findings suggest that in the presence of heterogeneity, due to its distributional impact, monetary policy can play a role in enhancing social welfare and complementing regulatory efforts to mitigate pollution. In our model, featuring heterogeneity in productivity and pollution intensity, monetary policy influences social welfare through both pollution and consumption. The impact of monetary policy on pollution occurs indirectly through change in the allocation of production. The impact of monetary policy on consumption operates through real wage adjustments and money transfers. Furthermore, the indirect effect on consumption arises from the impact of monetary policy on optimal regulatory policy. Money growth that redirects production away from the pollutant agent creates a room for looser regulatory policy, leading to higher consumption. |
| Keywords: | Monetary policy, Environmental policy, Pollution, Cash-in-advance |
| JEL: | E58 H23 Q52 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcb:wpaper:2502 |
| By: | Vincent Pradier (GREGOR - Groupe de Recherche en Gestion des Organisations - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - IAE Paris - Sorbonne Business School) |
| Abstract: | The IPCC's sixth assessment report shows that 'human influence has warmed the atmosphere, oceans and land (and will lead to) rapid and widespread changes in the atmosphere, oceans, cryosphere and biosphere' and that 'the vulnerability of ecosystems and people to climate change varies considerably from region to region [...], reflecting [...] historical and continuing patterns of inequality such as colonialism' (IPCC, 2022, p.12). It is therefore interesting to understand how organisations in some of these territories, which have already been sustainably degraded economically, socially, and even democratically, are managing the aggravating factor of global warming on vulnerabilities. This is particularly true of international solidarity non-governmental organisations (NGOs). As long-term actors and the fruit of the colonial and thermo-industrial history of Western countries, what does the exponential and systemic dimension of the ecological transition ultimately reveal about the management practices used by Western international solidarity NGOs? |
| Abstract: | Le sixième rapport d'évaluation du GIEC démontre que « l'influence humaine a réchauffé l'atmosphère, les océans et les terres (et va entraîner) des changements rapides et généralisés dans l'atmosphère, les océans, la cryosphère et la biosphère » et que « la vulnérabilité des écosystèmes et des populations au changement climatique varie considérablement d'une région à l'autre […], sous l'effet […] des schémas historiques et permanents d'inégalités tels que le colonialisme » (IPCC, 2022, p.12). Appréhender comment, sur certains de ces territoires déjà durablement dégradés économiquement, socialement – voire démocratiquement – des organisations gèrent le facteur aggravant du réchauffement climatique sur les vulnérabilités, nous semble donc intéressant. C'est particulièrement le cas des organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) de solidarité internationale. Actrices du temps long, et fruit de l'histoire coloniale et thermo-industrielle des pays occidentaux, que révèle finalement la dimension exponentielle et systémique de la transition écologique de l'outillage gestionnaire des ONG occidentales de solidarité internationale ? |
| Keywords: | ONG, Décolonial, Transitions, CMS, Solidarité |
| Date: | 2024–09–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04831871 |
| By: | Simmons, Richard; Weed, Caleb; Rodgers, Michael |
| Abstract: | This research explores electric vehicle (EV) and grid interactions with a focus on CO2 emissions for future scenarios where EVs comprise growing market shares (e.g., 10% of the overall fleet mix). A major contribution of this effort has been to develop a methodology that integrates sub-system models and datasets that have previously stood alone, namely models and data that characterize: vehicle energy consumption, travel demands, vehicle charging, and temporal emission profiles associated with electric power generation dispatch. This convergence research helps quantify the relative emissions of light duty vehicle use and charging during various times of day to enable comparison of EV modes against one another and against conventional vehicle baselines. An initial use case involving light duty commuter and recharging scenarios has been explored as a means of validating and tuning the methodology. Under certain simulated scenarios, observed marginal emissions can be as much as 20% lower in the overnight hours compared to marginal CO2 emissions experienced during an identical charging event during the daytime. This study also confirms that marginal CO2 assumptions generally yield higher CO2 impacts than identical simulations that assume weighted average emissions. This variance is broad, ranging from 22% less to 97% greater, depending on a host of case-sensitive factors. These findings suggest that it will be essential to coordinate charging schedules and consider upstream grid implications in order to reduce the environmental impacts of EVs. By quantifying technical parameters related to both the magnitude and the range of possible emissions impacts, the study’s findings can be useful for education and awareness by all EV users, and will help decision-makers consider the importance of emission rate assumptions and the temporal granularity of the tools and data. More specifically, stakeholders should be incentivized to charge when marginal emissions are lowest whenever possible. This idea also has important implications about the location, type, cost and ownership models for tomorrow’s charging infrastructure. Translating and operationalizing this type of guidance will require some combination of education, access to rigorous and clear decision-support tools, signals between stakeholders (e.g., utilities and consumers), and behavioral change. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Electric vehicles, low carbon transportation, emissions, CO2, EV charging, marginal emissions, electric grid |
| Date: | 2024–12–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt9kh490xz |
| By: | Ross McKitrick (Department of Economics and Finance, University of Guelph, Guelph ON Canada) |
| Abstract: | The Biden Administration has raised its Social Cost of Carbon (SCC) estimate about 5-fold based in part on global crop yield decline projections estimated on a meta-analysis data base first published in 2014. The data set contains 1, 722 records but half were missing at least one variable (usually the change in CO2) so only 862 were available for multivariate regression modeling. By re-examining the underlying sources I was able to recover 360 records and increase the sample size to 1, 222. Reanalysis on the larger data set yields very different results. While the original smaller data set implies yield declines of all crop types even at low levels of warming, on the full data set global average yield changes are zero or positive even out to 5°C warming. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Agriculture yields, Social Cost of Carbon, Carbon dioxide fertilization |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gue:guelph:2024-04 |
| By: | Rim Berahab |
| Abstract: | The energy sector faces many challenges that undermine economic growth, energy security and access, and environmental sustainability. To address these challenges, Atlantic Basin countries need to improve access to reliable energy, diversify their energy mix with low-carbon alternatives and improve energy efficiency in the long term. However, the transition to clean energy will also create new risks and challenges that differ from one Atlantic country to another, requiring additional risk mitigation measures and raising the question about the appropriate pace of energy transition. Therefore, the key to managing these risks, lies in robust, equitable, and interdependent global markets and supply chains coupled with strong regional partnerships and national alliances. Therefore, a new energy security paradigm for the Atlantic Basin must emerge to address current and future challenges and ensure that energy security for some does not create massive insecurity for others. However, this new paradigm will require making explicit the new geopolitical risks and trade-offs of sustainable energy systems. "This Paper is prepared within the framework of the Jean Monnet Atlantic Network 2.0. The European Commission's support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents, which reflect the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein." |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaeco:rpnn_72 |
| By: | Ran Yan; Nan Zhou; Minda Ma; Chao Mao |
| Abstract: | As an emerging emitter poised for significant growth in space cooling demand, India requires comprehensive insights into historical emission trends and decarbonization performance to shape future low-carbon cooling strategies. By integrating a bottom-up demand resource energy analysis model and a top-down decomposition method, this study is the first to conduct a state-level analysis of carbon emission trends and the corresponding decarbonization efforts for residential space cooling in urban and rural India from 2000 to 2022. The results indicate that (1) the carbon intensity of residential space cooling in India increased by 292.4% from 2000 to 2022, reaching 513.8 kilograms of carbon dioxide per household. The net state domestic product per capita, representing income, emerged as the primary positive contributor. (2) The increase in carbon emissions from space cooling can be primarily attributed to the use of fans. While fan-based space cooling has nearly saturated Indian urban households, it is anticipated to persist as the primary cooling method in rural households for decades. (3) States with higher decarbonization potential are concentrated in two categories: those with high household income and substantial cooling appliance ownership and those with pronounced unmet cooling demand but low household income and hot climates. Furthermore, it is believed that promoting energy-efficient building designs can be prioritized to achieve affordable space cooling. Overall, this study serves as an effective foundation for formulating and promoting India's future cooling action plan, addressing the country's rising residential cooling demands and striving toward its net-zero goal by 2070. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2412.06360 |
| By: | Ferdaous Rezgui (ZALF - Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research); Laure Hossard (UMR Innovation - Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Louise Blanc (Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida – AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Av. Rovira Roure 191, Lleida); Daniel Plaza-Bonilla (Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida – AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Av. Rovira Roure 191, Lleida); Jorge Lampurlanés (Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida – AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Av. Rovira Roure 191, Lleida); Christos Dordas (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki); Paschalis Papakaloudis (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki); Andreas Michalitsis (Aristotle University of Thessaloniki); Fatima Lambarraa-Lehnhardt (ZALF - Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research); Moritz Reckling (ZALF - Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research) |
| Abstract: | The quest for agricultural productivity has certainly increased the production, but it has come at the cost of natural resources (Egidi et al., 2022).To promote higher ecosystem services, diversifying rotations with legumes has been proposed as a viable alternative (Reckling et al., 2023). Involving local actors when designing and evaluating those alternatives can enhance their transferability and likelihood of implementation (Chopin et al., 2021). During a first workshop with local stakeholders, diversification options with grain legumes for cereal-based systems were co-designed (Hossard et al., 2024) in Greece and Spain. Using a set of agri-environmental, social and economic indicators, we assessed the performance of designed options in comparison to continuous cereal cropping. During a second workshop, stakeholders were presented with the assessment results and asked to rate i) the importance of the assessment indicators and ii) the performance of the assessed systems. In this study, we present the results of the stakeholder's ratings using an Importance-Performance matrix (IPM) that measures the satisfaction of stakeholders towards the assessed farming systems (with and without legumes) based on i) the importance of the indicators (x-axis) and ii) the agri-environmental, social and economic performance (y-axis) (Phadermrod et al., 2019). Despite the importance of economic indicators to Greek and Spanish stakeholders, they rated the economic performance of farming systems (with and without legume rotations) as low. This illustrates how important it is for stakeholders to consider the economic aspect, but legume diversification still isn't improving economic performance. In contrast, agri-environmental indicators performed largely better but are of low significance to stakeholders. Similarly, stakeholders generally placed little importance on social indicators despite rating them as highly performing. Thus, performing better in social or environmental aspects may not be sufficient to justify diversification with legumes as long as it fails to generate profitable returns. |
| Keywords: | diversification, legume, co-design, multi-criteria assessment, stakeholders |
| Date: | 2024–11–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04805845 |
| By: | Natali, Ilaria |
| Abstract: | Recent scientific research suggests that the environment represents an important pathway for the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This paper is the first to provide causal estimates of the impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on AMR diffusion. I focus on EU countries and the period 2002 to 2019. To pin down causal effects, I use an instrumental variable approach that exploits temperature inversions as a source of exogenous shocks to air pollution. I find that a 1% increase in PM2.5 leads to about a 0.7% increase in average antibiotic resistance, but there is significant heterogeneity across pathogen-antibiotic combinations in their responsiveness to changes in pollution. I then separately estimate the direct impact of pollution on resistance, as well as the impact of an indirect channel via antibiotic consumption. When antibiotic use is accounted for, the direct influence of air pollution on AMR remains sizable and significant. Finally, I provide a counterfactual analysis assessing the impact of alternative air pollution control policies on resistance and compare their effectiveness vis-à-vis interventions aimed at reducing antibiotic use in humans. Findings imply that air pollution policies can be fruitfully leveraged in the fight against AMR propagation. |
| JEL: | I12 I18 Q51 Q53 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:130132 |
| By: | Hendrik Weichel; Aleksandr Zinovev; Heikki Haario; Martin Simon |
| Abstract: | We present a novel Bayesian framework for quantifying uncertainty in portfolio temperature alignment models, leveraging the X-Degree Compatibility (XDC) approach with the scientifically validated Finite Amplitude Impulse Response (FaIR) climate model. This framework significantly advances the widely adopted linear approaches that use the Transient Climate Response to Cumulative CO2 Emissions (TCRE). Developed in collaboration with right{\deg}, one of the pioneering companies in portfolio temperature alignment, our methodology addresses key sources of uncertainty, including parameter variability and input emission data across diverse decarbonization pathways. By employing adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, we provide robust parametric uncertainty quantification for the FaIR model. To enhance computational efficiency, we integrate a deep learning-based emulator, enabling near real-time simulations. Through practical examples, we demonstrate how this framework improves climate risk management and decision-making in portfolio construction by treating uncertainty as a critical feature rather than a constraint. Moreover, our approach identifies the primary sources of uncertainty, offering valuable insights for future research. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2412.14182 |
| By: | Ashish Ashok Uikey (Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India); Ruturaj Baber (CHRIST (Deemed to be University)) |
| Abstract: | This study attempts to examine the impact of green brand trust and self-brand connection on green brand loyalty, with green perceived value and green transparency as antecedents. The responses were collected from and users of electric vehicles, and the proposed hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through SmartPLS 4. The study found that green brand trust had a significant positive impact on green brand loyalty, while the relationship between self-brand connection and green brand loyalty significant but weak. The study highlighted the importance of green perceived value as an antecedent for self-brand connection and green brand trust, which was more significant than green transparency. The study offers insights to practitioners enhancing their knowledge on formation of customer, allowing them to develop effective marketing strategies. The study recommends that companies emphasize transparency in their marketing approaches and address green challenges related to their products' environmental value. Furthermore, the study suggests that green brand loyalty may be achieved through green transparency and green perceived value, which are crucial for establishing green brand trust. |
| Keywords: | Green Marketing, Green Transparency, Green Brand Trust, Self-brand Connection, Green Brand Loyalty, Consumer Behavior, Electric Vehicles |
| Date: | 2023–09–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04803874 |
| By: | Souhir Ben Amor; Smaranda Sgarciu; Taimyra BatzLineiro; Felix Muesgens |
| Abstract: | Global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2). A metric used to quantify the change in CO2 emissions is the marginal emission factor, defined as the marginal change in CO2 emissions resulting from a marginal change in electricity demand over a specified period. This paper aims to present two methodologies to estimate the marginal emission factor in a decarbonized electricity system with high temporal resolution. First, we present an energy systems model that incrementally calculates the marginal emission factors. Second, we examine a Markov Switching Dynamic Regression model, a statistical model designed to estimate marginal emission factors faster and use an incremental marginal emission factor as a benchmark to assess its precision. For the German electricity market, we estimate the marginal emissions factor time series historically (2019, 2020) using Agora Energiewende and for the future (2025, 2030, and 2040) using estimated energy system data. The results indicate that the Markov Switching Dynamic Regression model is more accurate in estimating marginal emission factors than the Dynamic Linear Regression models, which are frequently used in the literature. Hence, the Markov Switching Dynamic Regression model is a simpler alternative to the computationally intensive incremental marginal emissions factor, especially when short-term marginal emissions factor estimation is needed. The results of the marginal emission factor estimation are applied to an exemplary low-emission vehicle charging scenario to estimate CO2 savings by shifting the charge hours to those corresponding to the lower marginal emissions factor. By implementing this emission-minimized charging approach, an average reduction of 31% in the marginal emission factor was achieved over the 5 years. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2412.17379 |
| By: | Mikkel Bennedsen; Eric Hillebrand; Morten {\O}rregaard Nielsen |
| Abstract: | The Global Carbon Budget, maintained by the Global Carbon Project, summarizes Earth's global carbon cycle through four annual time series beginning in 1959: atmospheric CO$_2$ concentrations, anthropogenic CO$_2$ emissions, and CO$_2$ uptake by land and ocean. We analyze these four time series as a multivariate (cointegrated) system. Statistical tests show that the four time series are cointegrated with rank three and identify anthropogenic CO$_2$ emissions as the single stochastic trend driving the nonstationary dynamics of the system. The three cointegrated relations correspond to the physical relations that the sinks are linearly related to atmospheric concentrations and that the change in concentrations equals emissions minus the combined uptake by land and ocean. Furthermore, likelihood ratio tests show that a parametrically restricted error-correction model that embodies these physical relations and accounts for the El-Ni\~no/Southern Oscillation cannot be rejected on the data. Finally, projections based on this model, using Shared Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios, yield results consistent with established climate science. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2412.09226 |
| By: | Louis Meyer (CRESE - Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques (UR 3190) - UFC - Université de Franche-Comté - UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE], Comité Interprofessionnel de Gestion du Comté) |
| Abstract: | The Comté sector, France's leading PDO cheese with an annual production of almost 70, 000 tonnes, is based on strict specifications. This regulatory framework provides a framework for agricultural and artisanal practices to preserve the identity of the product while promoting its sustainability. By incorporating measures such as limiting the size of farms, regulating workshops and conserving permanent meadows, the industry is working to achieve a balance between economic, social and environmental dimensions. This paper explores three key aspects: 1) the way in which the specifications protect the identity of the product; 2) their direct and indirect impact on sustainability, particularly through the promotion of the terroir; 3) their role in strengthening the collective ethic and the interdependence of the players. Ultimately, these measures contribute to greater resilience in the face of contemporary challenges such as climate change and growing societal expectations. In this way, the Comté sector illustrates the ability of PDO systems to reconcile tradition, innovation and sustainability. |
| Abstract: | La filière Comté, première AOP fromagère française avec une production annuelle de près de 70 000 tonnes, repose sur un cahier des charges strict. Ce cadre réglementaire encadre les pratiques agricoles et artisanales pour préserver l'identité du produit tout en favorisant sa durabilité. En intégrant des mesures telles que la limitation de la taille des fermes, la régulation des ateliers et la conservation des prairies permanentes, la filière agit pour un équilibre entre les dimensions économique, sociale et environnementale. Cette communication explore trois aspects clés : 1) la manière dont le cahier des charges protège l'identité du produit ; 2) son impact direct et indirect sur la durabilité, notamment via la valorisation du terroir ; 3) son rôle dans le renforcement de l'éthique collective et de l'interdépendance des acteurs. En filigrane, ces mesures participent à une résilience accrue face aux défis contemporains tels que le changement climatique et les attentes sociétales croissantes. La filière Comté illustre ainsi la capacité des systèmes AOP à concilier tradition, innovation et durabilité. |
| Keywords: | Durabilité, Indications Géographiques, Cahier des charges, Economie rurale |
| Date: | 2024–11–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04801685 |
| By: | Serge Tomasi (MEAE - Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères) |
| Abstract: | The fight against climate change is an emblematic public good that has been at the top of the international agenda for many years. Since 1992, the United Nations Conferences of the Parties (COPs) have laid down principles to guide international action and have approved commitments, particularly of a financial nature. These principles include the additionality of climate finance to official development assistance (ODA), the common but differentiated responsibilities of the States party to the Convention, and the "polluter pays" rule. A key element in getting developing countries to sign up to the climate agreements, particularly low-income countries (LICs) and small island developing states (SIDS), has been the commitment to annual financial transfers from industrialised countries to developing countries (DCs) to offset the additional costs incurred by the ecological transition. [...] |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Development financing, COP, Official development assistance ODA |
| Date: | 2024–11–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04818129 |
| By: | Yanqiao Deng; Minda Ma; Nan Zhou; Chenchen Zou; Zhili Ma; Ran Yan; Xin Ma |
| Abstract: | National carbon peak track and optimized provincial carbon allocations are crucial for mitigating regional inequality within the commercial building sector during China's transition to carbon neutrality. This study proposes a top-down model to evaluate carbon trajectories in operational commercial buildings up to 2060. Through Monte Carlo simulation, scenario analysis is conducted to assess carbon peak values and the corresponding peaking year, thereby optimizing carbon allocation schemes both nationwide and provincially. The results reveal that (1) the nationwide carbon peak for commercial building operations is projected to reach 890 (+- 50) megatons of carbon dioxide (MtCO2) by 2028 (+- 3.7 years) in the case of the business-as-usual scenario, with a 7.87% probability of achieving the carbon peak under the decarbonization scenario. (2) Significant disparities will exist among provinces, with Shandong's carbon peak projected at 69.6 (+- 4.0) MtCO2 by 2029, approximately 11 times higher than Ningxia's peak of 6.0 (+- 0.3) MtCO2 by 2027. (3) Guided by the principle of maximizing the emission reduction potential, the optimal provincial allocation scheme reveals the top three provinces requiring the most significant reductions in the commercial sector: Xinjiang (5.6 MtCO2), Shandong (4.8 MtCO2), and Henan (4.7 MtCO2). Overall, this study offers optimized provincial carbon allocation strategies within the commercial building sector in China via dynamic scenario simulations, with the goal of hitting the carbon peak target and progressing toward a low-carbon future for the building sector. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2412.14523 |
| By: | Mechthild Donner (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Maurine Mamès (UMR IATE - Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Hugo de Vries (UMR IATE - Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | To accelerate the transition towards inclusive, ecological, just and economically viable food systems, insights into appropriate governance models and principles are needed. This article aims to understand how food system governance is linked to and can contribute to sustainability. A review of 34 articles addressed food system governance, sustainability, current barriers and potential solutions. Some authors propose new, participatory, collaborative and democratic governance models to achieve a sustainable food system transition. Other authors consider a lack of integrated policies across sectors and siloed governance major barriers to holistic sustainability agendas and food system approaches. Three main elements of governance emerged from the reviewed literature: (i) interactions between actors, (ii) control and power balances, and (iii) (in)formal rules. Our analysis provides a fourth element: the orchestration of (multiple) food systems and policies. These four elements are integrated into a novel conceptual framework for consistently researching food systems governance for sustainability. The latter is now defined as ‘the continuous process of orchestration of policies and (multiple) food systems consisting of diverse interacting actors, respecting (in)formal rules and striving to provide food for all, in equitable and environmentally-friendly ways, at any time and in any context'. |
| Keywords: | Food systems, Governance, Sustainability, Systematic review, Conceptual framework |
| Date: | 2024–11–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04788710 |
| By: | Serge Tomasi (MEAE - Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères) |
| Abstract: | La lutte contre le changement climatique constitue un bien public emblématique, au sommet de l'agenda international depuis de longues années. Depuis 1992, les Conférences des Parties des Nations unies (COP) ont posé des principes devant guider l'action internationale et ont approuvé des engagements, notamment financiers. Ces principes concernent notamment l'additionnalité de la finance climat au regard de l'aide publique au développement (APD), la responsabilité commune mais différenciée des États parties à la convention, et la règle du « pollueur-payeur ». Un élément clé pour l'adhésion des pays en développement aux accords climat, notamment les pays à faible revenus (PFR) et les petits États insulaires en développement (PEID), a été l'engagement de transferts financiers annuels des pays industrialisés vers les pays en développement (PED) pour compenser les coûts additionnels induits par la transition écologique. |
| Keywords: | Changement climatique, Finance climat, Financement du développement durable, Financement du développement |
| Date: | 2024–11–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04779614 |
| By: | Qilong Wu; Xiaoneng Xiang; Hejia Huang; Xuan Wang; Yeo Wei Jie; Ranjan Satapathy; Ricardo Shirota Filho; Bharadwaj Veeravalli |
| Abstract: | The rapid growth of the financial sector and the rising focus on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) considerations highlight the need for advanced NLP tools. However, open-source LLMs proficient in both finance and ESG domains remain scarce. To address this gap, we introduce SusGen-30K, a category-balanced dataset comprising seven financial NLP tasks and ESG report generation, and propose TCFD-Bench, a benchmark for evaluating sustainability report generation. Leveraging this dataset, we developed SusGen-GPT, a suite of models achieving state-of-the-art performance across six adapted and two off-the-shelf tasks, trailing GPT-4 by only 2% despite using 7-8B parameters compared to GPT-4's 1, 700B. Based on this, we propose the SusGen system, integrated with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), to assist in sustainability report generation. This work demonstrates the efficiency of our approach, advancing research in finance and ESG. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2412.10906 |
| By: | Zai, Faisal H. (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management); McSharry, Patrick E.; Hamers, Herbert (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management) |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiutis:d4558eb9-e278-452f-be1b-72cab373ca86 |
| By: | Luis Lopez; Dermot Murphy; Nitzan Tzur-Ilan; Sean Wilkoff |
| Abstract: | Wildfire smoke pollution is associated with significantly higher healthcare municipal borrowing costs, amounting to $250 million in realized interest costs for high-smoke counties in 2010–2019, and an estimated $570 million over the following 10 years. These costs are disproportionately higher in high-poverty or high-minority areas where there is more smoke-related uncompensated care. Out-of-state smoke is also associated with higher borrowing costs, suggesting poor wildfire management imposes externalities on nearby states. Our hospital-level analysis shows increases in asthma cases and unprofitable emergency room visits, tighter financial constraints and reduced investment. Migration sorting exacerbates these effects by concentrating vulnerable households in high-smoke counties. |
| Keywords: | municipal bonds; wildfires; smoke; air pollution; climate finance; externalities |
| JEL: | R31 O18 N32 |
| Date: | 2025–01–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:feddwp:99473 |
| By: | Koski, Heli; Wang, Maria |
| Abstract: | Abstract This study evaluates the impacts of public subsidies on firms in energy-intensive industries, focusing on R&D subsidies and compensation subsidies. Using firm-level data from Finnish energy-intensive industries between 2010 and 2022, it examines how these subsidies influence firm competitiveness and innovation outcomes. Compensation subsidies, designed to alleviate the additional electricity costs imposed by the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) on firms operating in certain energy-intensive industries, and to enhance their international competitiveness show no significant effects on employment, value added, or labor productivity. R&D subsidies, instead, demonstrate a substantial positive impact on innovation. Specifically, R&D subsidies significantly increase the citation stocks of climate change mitigation technology patents filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Total patent citation stocks associated with the European Patent Office (EPO) and USPTO also show statistically significant growth. |
| Keywords: | Firm subsidy, R&D subsidies, EU ETS, Competitiveness, Green innovation, Patents |
| JEL: | D22 H23 L52 O3 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–01–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:wpaper:125 |
| By: | Auriane Meilland (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AgroParisTech); Yann Kervinio (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées); Aurélie Méjean (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Are countries contributing their fair share to the Paris Agreement? The answer to this central question can rely on knowledge about existing and potentially shared views about fairness. Yet, current studies on existing fairness views are rare and often have a limited practical scope. In this article, we design and administer a survey to elicit fairness judgements among French and US citizens regarding these issues. We find that in both countries, most respondents think that principles of climate justice should be settled internationally even if they go against some countries' interests, and express a preference for common (rather than differentiated) responsibilities -all the more likely when they are concerned about climate change. We observe support for two theoretical effort sharing rules: a convergence towards equal per capita emissions, and an operationalized version of grandfathering. Our survey also shows inconsistencies in observed fairness judgements, and that citizens have difficulties coordinating on simple judgements regarding existing nationally determined contributions. We eventually call for the progressive development of standardised surveys on these questions. |
| Keywords: | fairness, climate justice, tacit coordination game, survey, empirical social choice |
| Date: | 2024–10–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04825108 |
| By: | Silvia De Angeli (LOTERR - Centre de Recherche en Géographie - UL - Université de Lorraine, LIEC - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux - INEE-CNRS - Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - OTELo - Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Stefano Terzi (EURAC Research); Gilles Drogue (LOTERR - Centre de Recherche en Géographie - UL - Université de Lorraine); Simon Devin (LIEC - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux - INEE-CNRS - Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - OTELo - Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LTSER - LTER - Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - RZA - LTSER Réseau des Zones Ateliers - INEE-CNRS - Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Climate change, compounding with non-climatic stressors, impacts socio-ecological systems and threatens the human habitability of places. Moreover, the complex interplay of drivers and impacts introduces high levels of uncertainty, complicating future predictions of habitability. While habitability is internationally recognised as an important condition in adaptation studies, its definition and conceptualisation are still under discussion. Moreover, traditional studies dealing with habitability mostly apply a top-down approach and focus on its material aspects, such as housing, food, and water, while overlooking local knowledge, and needs of the affected communities, who better know what makes their place acceptable to live in. Risk Storylines (RS) are a promising tool that can apply a bottom-up approach and co-create a shared definition of habitability while managing uncertainty within the context of multiple climatic risks. The Habi(Li)ter project aims to adopt the RS as an exploratory tool to investigate present and future habitability in Lorraine (France) under climate change and multi-risk interactions and define suitable modelling strategies to assess it in a quali-quantitative way. In particular, the RS will be applied to: 1. Understand how climate hazards and local vulnerabilities interact, leading to cascading impacts across multiple sectors. The narrative nature of this tool will facilitate stakeholders in describing the temporal dynamics of interest, specifically regarding the development of hazards and their impacts over time (particularly for long-onset hazards and chronic stresses), as well as socio-economic development pathways that might affect future habitability. Moreover, the narrative description of the risk dynamics provided by the RS can guide the implementation of conceptual models tailored to capture the most influential conditions, such as temporal dynamics (System Dynamics) or risk-informed approaches (Impact Chains). 2. Identify local habitability factors. RS are useful for exploring the uncertainties that most influence local habitability and determining which adaptation strategies should be investigated. 3. Develop Scenarios for Investigation. RS is an "exploratory" tool, to manage uncertainty by identifying a subset of futures that are "plausible" for stakeholders. Silvia De Angeli is the principal investigator of the Habi(Li)ter project, funded by Lorraine Université d'Excellence and supported by Eurac Research. Starting in October 2024, the project will benefit from a research exchange with Stefano Terzi, co-author of this contribution. The INQUIMUS workshop will offer valuable insights into the potential of RS for bottom-up climate risk and habitability assessments, enhancing our understanding of how to address these complex challenges effectively. |
| Date: | 2024–12–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04836017 |
| By: | Kistinger, Dorothea (Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC)); Kögel, Noah (Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC)); Koch, Nicolas (Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC)); Kalkuhl, Matthias (Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC)) |
| Abstract: | The transition to a renewable heating system poses extraordinary policy challenges to societies in Europe and beyond. Many buildings are heated decentrally, which makes broad public acceptance essential. As governments may be held responsible for perceived policy impacts on individuals, analyzing their effects on electoral support is of high relevance. This study examines the electoral impact of an amendment to the German Buildings Energy Act which proposed a phase-out of fossil-fueled heating systems. We combine municipal election data with granular socioeconomic and building stock data and apply difference-in-differences regressions to identify treatment effects of the policy amendment on electoral support. We find that material costs of the policy, proxied by the characteristics of the local building stock, led to relative gains for the right-wing populist party, further increasing in low-income areas. These findings highlight the importance of holistic climate policy approaches that account for heterogeneous burdens and counteract a political backlash through compensation policies. |
| Keywords: | climate policy, public acceptance, voting, building sector, difference-in-differences |
| JEL: | C21 D72 Q48 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17596 |
| By: | Zhiyuan Liang (Beijing Jiaotong University); Vincent A.C. van den Berg (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute); Vincent Erik T. Verhoef (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute); Vincent Yacan Wang (Beijing Jiaotong University) |
| Abstract: | This study studies nudging information as a strategy that can complement or substitute externality pricing, by influencing commuter behavior through awareness of the health and environmental impacts of their choices. We develop a bi-modal model with road and metro commuters, with bottleneck congestion on the road and dynamic crowding congestion in the metro. The model further incorporates health costs and environmental externalities, particularly for road commuters. When commuters are homogeneous, our findings indicate that nudging information generates positive welfare effects except in scenarios with extremely high crowding effects in the metro system. Moreover, nudging information can consistently complement flat road tolls by integrating information and toll schemes to enhance the system’s social welfare impact. By adding heterogeneity in environmental preferences, car types, and income, the study further highlights that the effectiveness of such strategies depends on the varied behavioral responses from diverse individuals. Even when the crowding effect is relatively small with heterogeneity, nudging information may result in negative welfare effects by causing welfare-reducing swaps in road commuters’ departure patterns; in such cases, it fails to complement flat tolls effectively. |
| Keywords: | Congestion; Emissions; Nudging information; Bi-modal; Heterogeneity |
| JEL: | D8 L91 Q53 |
| Date: | 2024–12–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20240081 |
| By: | Elias Demetriades (Audencia Business School, Audencia Recherche - Audencia Business School); Panagiotis N. Politsidis (Audencia Business School) |
| Abstract: | How do banks react to firms' climate risks? Using almost 80, 000 global syndicated loans originated from 2001 to 2021, we study bank lending to fossil fuel firms vis-à-vis other firms. We find that loans to fossil fuel firms are at least 7% more costly compared to other firms, and even more so toward the end of our sample. However, loan amounts to fossil fuel firms are approximately 22% larger, implying heavy financing of brown activities. We show that the pricing effects are even stronger for banks with higher reliance on ESG considerations, consistent with the shifts driven by the supply side (bank behaviour). Overall, our findings corroborate the view that banks price in climate risks but continue to heavily lend to polluting firms in the medium term (with an average maturity of four and one quarter years). |
| Keywords: | Syndicated loans, Bank lending, Oil and gas sector, ESG ratings, Fossil fuel lending |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04790588 |
| By: | Elias Demetriades (Audencia Business School); Panagiotis Politsidis (Audencia Business School) |
| Abstract: | How do banks react to firms' climate risks? Using almost 80, 000 global syndicated loans originated from 2001 to 2021, we study bank lending to fossil fuel firms vis-à-vis other firms. We find that loans to fossil fuel firms are at least 7% more costly compared to other firms, and even more so toward the end of our sample. However, loan amounts to fossil fuel firms are approximately 22% larger, implying heavy financing of brown activities. We show that the pricing effects are even stronger for banks with higher reliance on ESG considerations, consistent with the shifts driven by the supply side (bank behaviour). Overall, our findings corroborate the view that banks price in climate risks but continue to heavily lend to polluting firms in the medium term (with an average maturity of four and one quarter years). |
| Keywords: | Fossil fuel lending, Syndicated loans, Bank lending, Oil and gas sector, ESG ratings |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04804492 |
| By: | LARABI JAÏDI; RIM BERAHAB; SABRINE EMRAN |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the outcomes of COP29 in Baku, focusing on its achievements and shortcomings in advancing global climate governance. Key milestones included the adoption of the new collective quantified goal (NCQG), the tripling of climate finance commitments to $300 billion annually by 2035, and progress on Article 6 carbon markets to mobilize international cooperation and finance. However, finance remains insufficient to meet the needs of developing countries, and unresolved issues such as transparency and the risk of greenwashing challenge the integrity of carbon markets. The conference also failed to maintain momentum on fossil-fuel divestment, reflecting geopolitical divisions and waning ambition. As the world prepares for COP30 in Belém, Brazil, the credibility of the COP process depends on addressing these gaps and delivering stronger, actionable commitments to meet the Paris Agreement’s aim of keeping global warming within 1.5°C. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaeco:pp_21-24 |
| By: | Romain Presty (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - CentraleSupélec - Université Paris-Saclay, IFP School) |
| Date: | 2024–06–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04830327 |
| By: | Praveen Kumar Vidyarthi (LIVE - Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IIT Roorkee - Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee); Nadège Blond (ENGEES - École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg, LIVE - Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Pratham Arora (IIT Roorkee - Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee); Jean-Luc Ponche (LIVE - Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Efficient domestic wastewater management is essential for mitigating the impact of wastewater on human health and the environment. Wastewater management with conventional technologies generates sewage sludge. The present study considered a modelling approach to evaluate various processing pathways to produce energy from the sewage sludge. Anaerobic digestion, gasification, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal liquefaction are analysed in terms of their energy generation potentials with the Aspen Plus software. A techno-economic assessment is performed to assess the economic viability of each pathway. It reveals that gasification appears as the most promising method to produce electricity, with 0.76 kWh/kgdrysludge, followed by anaerobic digestion (0.53 kWh/kgdrysludge), pyrolysis (0.34 kWh/kgdrysludge), and hydrothermal liquefaction (0.13 kWh/kgdrysludge). In contrast, the techno-economic analysis underscores the viability of anaerobic digestion with levelized cost of electricity as 0.02 $/kWh followed by gasification (0.11 $/kWh), pyrolysis (0.14 $/kWh), and hydrothermal liquefaction (2.21 $/kWh). At the same time, if the products or electricity from the processing unit is sold, equivalent results prevail. The present study is a comprehensive assessment of sludge management for researchers and policymakers. The result of the study can also assist policymakers and industry stakeholders in deciding on alternative options for energy recovery and revenue generation from sewage sludge. |
| Keywords: | Aspen Plus, bioenergy, gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, hydrothermal liquefaction |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04796594 |
| By: | Adair Morse; Parinitha R. Sastry |
| Abstract: | Banks have voluntarily committed to align their lending portfolios with a net zero path toward a decarbonized economy. In this review, we explore the economic channels for why portfolio decarbonization might be consistent with lender profit maximization. We frame the question by positing that net zero lending may create differential value through the channels of risk and returns, where return topics span profit margins and lending book growth arguments. We then use the lens of the frame to survey the literature and speak to gaps in research knowledge. We uncover multiple roles for risk arguments influencing decarbonization. Moreover, decarbonization and green investment are tied to enhanced profitability through bank lending growth. Yet, the literature has many dots yet to connect. We suggest that future work may draw further connections between the literature in climate finance and the broader literature in banking, to enhance our understanding of the role that banks will play in the net zero transition. |
| JEL: | G21 G28 G31 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33148 |
| By: | Jefferson Muñoz; Alex Perez; Jaime Carabali |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we study the effect of weather shocks on firms' productivity and performance. Over the last decades, the world has faced a notable increase in extreme weather events, which are becoming more frequent and devastating. These weather shocks affect firms' productivity, ultimately affecting their performance in the market. We propose an estimation strategy that allows us to quantify these effects. We use data of EAM from DANE and climate information from CHIRPS and Copernicus. Our results show evidence that weather shocks negatively affect firms' productivity, which translates into lower firm performance on different variables, such as ROA, gross investment, and added value. **** RESUMEN: En este trabajo estudiamos el efecto de los choques climáticos sobre la productividad y el desempeño de las firmas. Durante las últimas décadas, el mundo se ha enfrentado al incremento notable de los eventos climáticos extremos, los cuales son cada vez más frecuentes y fuertes. Estos choques climáticos tienen efectos sobre la productividad de las firmas, lo cual termina afectando el desempeño de estas en el mercado. Nosotros proponemos una estrategia de estimación que nos permite cuantificar estos efectos. Utilizamos datos de la EAM del DANE, junto con información climática de CHIRPS y Copernicus. Nuestros resultados muestran evidencia de que los choques climáticos afectan negativamente la productividad de las firmas, lo cual se traduce en un menor desempeño de las firmas, en diferentes frentes como el ROA, la inversión bruta y el valor agregado. |
| Keywords: | Desempeño, productividad, choques climáticos, industria manufacturera, Performance, productivity, weather shocks, manufacturing industry. |
| JEL: | Q51 Q54 D24 O14 O44 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdr:borrec:1298 |
| By: | Wafa El Fkihi ((LARCEPEM) - Laboratoire de Recherche en Compétitivité Economique et Performance Managériale (LARCEPEM)Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en performance et Compétitivité Faculté des Sciences Juridiques Economiques et Sociales – Souissi Université Mohammed V- Rabat. Maroc); Badr Touzi ((LARCEPEM) - Laboratoire de Recherche en Compétitivité Economique et Performance Managériale (LARCEPEM) Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en performance et Compétitivité Faculté des Sciences Juridiques Economiques et Socia); Fadwa Farchi (Laboratoire d’Ingénierie Mécanique, Management Industriel et Innovation Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Hassan 1er de Settat, Maroc) |
| Abstract: | In a world where environmental and social issues are gaining prominence, it is crucial for entities to reassess their managerial strategies in pursuit of organizational performance; the paradigm of sustainable development thus emerges as an essential framework for integrating new practices to ensure the sustainability of organizations. In this context, the notion of performance becomes vague, polysemous, and difficult to grasp. Today, it is no longer limited to financial concerns; it now includes other economic, social, and environmental issues. Therefore, it is necessary for organizations to review their performance measurement systems. The issue of performance measurement has become an essential management tool for organizations opting for sustainable development strategies. Thus, the main objective of this article is to analyze and compare different performance measurement models, including the Balanced Scorecard, Key Performance Indicators (KPI), Management by Objectives (MBO), and Six Sigma, in order to assess their relevance and effectiveness within the framework of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and sustainable management. Methodologically, this traditional literature review aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each model through a comparative analysis of four key aspects of performance measurement systems: effectiveness, ease of implementation, scope, and impact on organizational culture. The data is based on qualitative and quantitative assessments, with ratings ranging from 1 to 5. The results provide a comprehensive view of the suitability of each system to specific organizational needs and pave the way for new research perspectives on theoretical and practical approaches in the field of organizational management aimed at establishing systems for measuring sustainable organizational performance. |
| Abstract: | Dans un monde où les enjeux environnementaux et sociaux prennent de l'ampleur, il s'avère primordial pour les entités de revoir leurs stratégies managériales en quête de la performance organisationnelle ; le paradigme du développement durable s'impose alors comme un cadre essentiel pour intégrer des pratiques nouvelles afin d'assurer la pérennité des organisations. Dans ce contexte, la notion de la performance devient floue polysémique et difficile à cerner, aujourd'hui elle ne se limite plus aux inquiétudes financières désormais elle inclue d'autres préoccupations économiques, sociales et environnementales. Par conséquent il s'avère nécessaire pour les organisations de revoir leurs systèmes de mesure de la performance. La problématique de la mesure de la performance s'impose en tant qu'outil de gestion essentiel pour les organisations optant pour les stratégies du développement durable. Ainsi, l'objectif principal de cet article est d'analyser et de comparer différents modèles de mesure de la performance, notamment le Balanced Scorecard, les Key Performance Indicators (KPI), le Management par Objectifs (MBO) et le Six Sigma, afin d'évaluer leur pertinence et leur efficacité dans le cadre de la Responsabilité Sociétale des Entreprises (RSE) et de la gestion durable. Méthodologiquement, cette revue de littérature traditionnelle vise à identifier les forces et les faiblesses de chaque modèle moyennement une analyse comparative entre quatre aspects clés des systèmes de mesure de la performance : l'efficacité, la facilité de mise en œuvre, la portée et l'impact sur la culture organisationnelle. Les données sont basées sur des évaluations qualitatives et quantitatives, avec des notes allant de 1 à 5. Les résultats offrent une vue complète de l'adéquation de chaque système aux besoins organisationnels spécifiques et ouvrent la voie sur de nouvelles perspectives de recherches sur les approches théoriques et pratiques dans le domaine de la gestion organisationnelle visant l'instauration des systèmes de mesure de la performance organisationnelle durable. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable development, PMS., Développement durable, Performance, SMP |
| Date: | 2024–12–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04838650 |
| By: | Ådne Cappelen; Marek Jasinski; Håvard Hungnes; Julia Skretting (Statistics Norway) |
| Abstract: | Petroleum-producing countries face unique challenges in meeting global emissions targets. As global petroleum consumption declines, these nations must reallocate resources and phase out a historically profitable industry. This study examines Norway's economic transformation resulting from a significant downturn in the petroleum sector, akin to a reverse Dutch disease. Industries linked to petroleum, particularly those supplying factor inputs, must pivot to new markets, while other sectors may benefit from real exchange rate depreciation. Our findings indicate that long-term macroeconomic adjustments are modest, whereas short-term effects can be significant but are largely mitigated through standard fiscal and monetary policy measures. |
| Keywords: | Petroleum industry; Green transition; Dutch disease |
| JEL: | Q32 Q54 E60 F41 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssb:dispap:1014 |
| By: | Tiziano De Angelis; Caio C\'esar Graciani Rodrigues; Peter Tankov |
| Abstract: | We study a problem of optimal irreversible investment and emission reduction formulated as a nonzero-sum dynamic game between an investor with environmental preferences and a firm. The game is set in continuous time on an infinite-time horizon. The firm generates profits with a stochastic dynamics and may spend part of its revenues towards emission reduction (e.g., renovating the infrastructure). The firm's objective is to maximize the discounted expectation of a function of its profits. The investor participates in the profits and may decide to invest to support the firm's production capacity. The investor uses a profit function which accounts for both financial and environmental factors. Nash equilibria of the game are obtained via a system of variational inequalities. We formulate a general verification theorem for this system in a diffusive setup and construct an explicit solution in the zero-noise limit. Our explicit results and numerical approximations show that both the investor's and the firm's optimal actions are triggered by moving boundaries that increase with the total amount of emission abatement. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2412.00986 |
| By: | Alou Adessé Dama (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International); Anouck Daubrée (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International); Grégoire Rota-Graziosi (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne) |
| Abstract: | The Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development, scheduled to take place in Spain from June 30 to July 3, 2025, will address and revitalize strategies for Domestic Revenue Mobilization (DRM) essential to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Building on the 2015 Addis Ababa conference, which highlighted the pivotal role of national tax systems in financing sustainable development, DRM—particularly through enhanced tax revenues—has emerged as a key priority for numerous nations, spurring a series of tax reforms. |
| Keywords: | Tax, WAEMU West African Economic and Monetary Union, Sustainable Development Goals SDGs |
| Date: | 2024–11–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04779547 |
| By: | Guillaume Bataille (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AMU - Aix Marseille Université, CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This paper derives closed‐form solutions for a strategic , simultaneous harvesting in a predator–prey system. Using a parametric constraint, it establishes the existence and uniqueness of a linear feedback‐Nash equilibrium involving two specialized fleets and allows for continuous time results for a class of payoffs that have constant elasticity of the marginal utility. These results contribute to the scarce literature on analytically tractable predator–prey models with endogenous harvesting. A discussion based on industry size effects is provided to highlight the role played by biological versus strategic interactions in the multispecies context. Recommendations for Resource Managers This model presents a thorough examination of the economic inefficiencies inherent in the exploitation dynamics of two interdependent species, elucidating the complex interplay between ecological interactions and economic outcomes. The size of the fishing industries constitutes a significant variable that must be integrated into the formulation of pertinent policy recommendations. This constitutes an advancement towards a more time‐consistent approach to Ecosystem‐Based Fishery Management (EBFM). |
| Keywords: | common‐pool resource, dynamic games, fisheries, predator–preyrelationship |
| Date: | 2024–10–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04793204 |
| By: | Simmons, Richard; Weed, Caleb; Rodgers, Michael |
| Abstract: | The EVALUATE (Electric Vehicle Assessment and Leveraging of Unified models toward AbatemenT of Emissions) project (Phases I and II) develops a rigorous methodology involving a high-fidelity system of systems model (i.e., vehicle powertrain, EV charging profiles and grid dispatch datasets) for the purpose of forecasting the emissions outputs of a class of vehicles and use cases. Phase I findings explored urban trips by households that operate light duty vehicles (LDVs) for daily personal use. Phase II, presented here, focuses on a series of targeted case studies that extend prior work from LDVs operated by individuals to service-oriented vehicles operated by small and medium businesses. Vehicles used in the present study are representative of public service fleets including the following: pickup trucks, vans, Medium Duty (MD) delivery vehicles, and refuse trucks. In one of the study’s simulations for a MD use case where a specific marginal grid generating resource is identified on an hourly basis as the grid’s means of supplying a particular EV charging event, estimated CO2 emissions could be as much as 42% lower than a conventional gasoline vehicle, or as much as 24% higher than a conventional gasoline vehicle. This large variance is purely a function of when and how quickly the vehicle is recharged, and upstream grid factors. This study reveals key insights: (1) Higher temporal resolution is important to develop more accurate estimates of EV CO2 emissions. Along with this, EV charge management is imperative for all use cases, and has profound implications on infrastructure and emissions; (2) Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) often performed as well as EVs in contemporary simulations on the basis of emissions benefits, suggesting that consideration of an array of vehicle technologies is important; (3) There is a growing need to focus on higher rate EV charging applications (e.g., DCFC), and related implications on grid demands and energy storage, as proxied by large vehicle batteries; and (4) The trend toward increasing electrification of the transportation sector will continue in conjunction with electrification across other sectors (e.g., buildings, data centers, industry). As such, associated cross-sector planning and study of concomitant emissions must be considered in context of other grid trends. Primary contributions of this effort are the development of new methodologies, integration of sub-system models and independent data sources, and decision support tools that estimate the environmental impacts of vehicle electrification. The study’s methodologies and use cases can enhance understanding and scale-up in additional EV-grid applications, sectors and regions. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Electric vehicles, low carbon transportation, emissions, CO2, EV charging, marginal emissions, electric grid |
| Date: | 2024–12–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt0js485bz |
| By: | Stefano Carattini; Anomitro Chatterjee; Todd Cherry |
| Abstract: | Biased beliefs affect real-world decisions, including political solutions to societal challenges. One crucial example is environmental policy: people tend to underestimate the incentive effect of Pigouvian policies. Addressing biased beliefs at scale is then paramount. In the days leading up to a ballot initiative in Washington state, we implemented a large-scale field experiment providing information on carbon taxes to over 285, 000 individuals. We complemented it with a survey experiment of about 1, 000 individuals, with the same treatments as in the field experiment, shedding light on social desirability bias and mechanisms around belief revision. Using data at the voting precinct level, we show that our intervention increases revealed support for carbon taxes, mainly for a treatment centered around earmarking of tax revenue, which was one of the design features of the ballot initiative. We find the effect to be stronger in precincts relatively opposed to the initiative, and less exposed to media coverage of carbon taxes, and more exposed to coverage challenging their effectiveness. |
| Keywords: | carbon taxes, voting behaviour, Facebook ads, natural field experiment |
| JEL: | C93 D72 D82 D83 H23 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11599 |
| By: | M. Saulnier (GEODE - Géographie de l'environnement - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT - Université de Toulouse - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Vanessa Py-Saragaglia (IRAMAT-LMC - IRAMAT - Laboratoire Métallurgies et Cultures - IRAMAT - Institut de Recherche sur les Archéomatériaux - UTBM - Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard - UO - Université d'Orléans - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, GEODE - Géographie de l'environnement - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT - Université de Toulouse - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Le Living Lab "Green Heart" étudiera les solutions fondées sur la nature et sur l'histoire des interactions humains-environnement appliquées aux forêts de montagne des Pyrénées centrales (Ariège, Haute-Garonne, Hautes-Pyrénées) avec une attention particulière aux forêts anciennes et aux vieilles forêts |
| Keywords: | Living lab, Pyrénées, PEPR FORESTT, HUB |
| Date: | 2024–09–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04770616 |
| By: | Mounia Boucetta |
| Abstract: | Au cours de la prochaine décennie, la transition énergétique transformera le paysage économique mondial en termes de régulations, d’investissements industriels et énergétiques et de solutions technologiques développées. Le continent africain est appelé à jouer un rôle important dans cette transition, tout en répondant à ses propres besoins de développement durable. Pour tirer pleinement profit de cette dynamique naissante, les pays africains devraient s'engager sur des chemins innovants et adaptés à leurs spécificités et à leurs contraintes. Ils devraient également identifier des leviers stratégiques pour stimuler l'avancement et l’accélération de leur transition énergétique, en maximisant les retombées économiques, sociales et environnementales. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb_25-24_0 |
| By: | Ionel Fedida-Dekker (Università di Corsica Pasquale Paoli [Université de Corse Pascal Paoli] - Partenaires INRAE) |
| Abstract: | The article explores the integration of hiking, particularly on the GR20 trail in Corsica, into territorial food initiatives (PAT). Through a study conducted by the Parc Naturel Régional de Corse (PNRC), it analyzes how hiking refuges can become drivers for promoting short supply chains and local production. The PAT GR20, part of the National Food Plan (PNA), aims to improve the supply of local products to the refuges, thereby strengthening the links between agriculture, tourism, and sustainable development. Data collected through surveys of hikers and refuge delegates show strong demand for iconic local products (cheese, charcuterie, fruits, and vegetables), although logistical constraints (helicopter transport, difficult access) limit the supply capacity. Our article also highlights the structural shortcomings of local Corsican production, worsened by rural depopulation and a lack of organization within agricultural sectors. It proposes solutions inspired by foreign examples and local initiatives to overcome these challenges. The study underscores the need for stakeholder involvement and collective structuring to successfully reconcile economic development, heritage enhancement, and environmental preservation. |
| Abstract: | L'article explore l'intégration de la randonnée, en particulier sur le sentier du GR20 en Corse, dans les démarches alimentaires territoriales (PAT). À travers une étude menée par le Parc Naturel Régional de Corse (PNRC), il analyse comment les refuges de randonnée peuvent devenir des vecteurs de promotion des circuits courts et des productions locales. Le PAT GR20, inscrit dans le cadre du Plan National pour l'Alimentation (PNA), vise à améliorer l'approvisionnement des refuges en produits locaux, renforçant ainsi les liens entre agriculture, tourisme et développement durable. Les données recueillies, via des enquêtes auprès des randonneurs et des délégataires de refuges, montrent une forte demande pour des produits locaux emblématiques (fromages, charcuterie, fruits et légumes), bien que des contraintes logistiques (héliportage, accès difficile) limitent la capacité d'approvisionnement. Notre article met également en lumière les insuffisances structurelles de la production locale corse, aggravées par une désertion rurale et un manque de structuration des filières agricoles. Il propose des solutions inspirées d'exemples étrangers et des initiatives locales pour surmonter ces défis. L'étude souligne la nécessité d'une implication des parties prenantes et d'une structuration collective pour réussir à concilier développement économique, valorisation patrimoniale et préservation environnementale. |
| Keywords: | Hiking, sustainable tourism, stakeholders, alimentation programs, Randonnée, tourisme durable, parties prenantes, programmes alimentaires |
| Date: | 2023–09–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04830606 |
| By: | Robin Sogalla; Joschka Wanner; Yuta Watabe |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the role of firm heterogeneity in environmentally extended new trade models, contrasting Eaton-Kortum and Melitz models to Armington and Krugman models. We show that when emissions per sales are constant across firms -- a standard assumption in the literature -- all four models predict identical emission responses. However, when emissions per quantity are constant across firms, this equivalence breaks. We propose a generalized framework that nests both assumptions. Calibrating the model with multiple industries and estimating the key elasticity between emission intensity and productivity using German firm-level data, we find that firm heterogeneity considerably raises emissions from trade liberalization. |
| Keywords: | international trade, carbon emissions, firm heterogeneity, quantitative modeling |
| JEL: | F11 F12 F18 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11596 |
| By: | Mr. Rabah Arezki; Youssouf Camara; Patrick A. Imam; Mr. Kangni R Kpodar |
| Abstract: | We explore the effect of (big) shocks on the allocation of (bilateral) aid using natural disasters as natural experiments. We find that aid commitment statistically significantly increases following natural disasters, and that humanitarian aid precedes structural aid. While we find that the average effect is quantitatively significant, poorest countries or countries faced with most damaging natural disasters do not receive the most aid. We find no evidence that foreign aid commitment disburses faster following natural disasters. Further explorations into the mechanisms driving aid in disaster countries point to the importance of political alignment with (major) donors in recipient countries with low state capacity. |
| Keywords: | Aid Allocation; Natural Disasters; Political Alignment; Absorptive Capacity |
| Date: | 2025–01–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/006 |
| By: | Jean François Clevy; Christopher Evans |
| Abstract: | Uruguay recently confronted the impact of a once-in-a-century severe drought, which affected key agricultural areas, and caused significant direct losses to the agricultural sector, especially for soybean production and cattle farming - important exports in Uruguay's trade matrix. From October 2022 to April 2023, rainfall was about 47 percent below historical averages, contributing to a decline in agricultural output and impacting overall GDP growth. The frequency of recent climate shocks witnessed in Uruguay combined with its rich climate data make it the ideal candidate to understand if weather shocks matter and through which transmission mechanisms. Using the empirical and theoretical framework outlined in Gallic and Vermandel (2020) we document that weather shocks play an important role in business cycle dynamics in Uruguay. |
| Keywords: | Weather shocks; Business cycles; Uruguay |
| Date: | 2025–01–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/004 |
| By: | Vincent Chatellier (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | This conference was organized in response to a request from INRAE's PHASE department, which held a seminar in February 2024 on "Greenhouse gas emissions and sequestration linked to livestock farming systems". From an economic point of view, this conference addressed several complementary issues, on different geographical scales (World, EU and France): i) the dairy market; ii) the meat market (beef, pork and poultry); reasons to believe and challenges to be met by the French sectors. |
| Abstract: | Cette conférence fait suite à une sollicitation du département PHASE de INRAE qui organisait en février 2024 une séminaire consacré au thème : « Les émissions et séquestration de gaz à effet de serre liés aux systèmes d'élevage ». Sous un angle économique, cette conférence a abordé plusieurs points complémentaires, à différentes échelles géographiques (Monde, UE et France) : i) le marché des produits laitiers ; ii) le marché des viande (viande bovine, viande porcine et viande de volailles) ; iii) des raisons d'y croire et des défis à relever pour les filières françaises. |
| Keywords: | Animal production, Agricultural markets, Competition, Dairy industry, Meat industry, Productions animales, Marchés agricoles, Concurrence, Filière laitière, Secteur des viandes |
| Date: | 2024–02–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04834641 |
| By: | Audrey Cosson (SayFood - Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Institut Paul Bocuse = Institut Lyfe); Anestis Dougkas (Institut Paul Bocuse = Institut Lyfe, CENS - Centre Européen pour la Nutrition et la Santé); Arnaud Lamy (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Institut Paul Bocuse = Institut Lyfe); Maxime Michaud (Institut Paul Bocuse = Institut Lyfe); Maxime Sebbane (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Despite their health and environmental benefits, the share of legumes in the diets of many developed countries remains low. To support eaters towards rebalancing animal and plant proteins in their diet, catering professionals have an important role to play. The project's objective is to explore culinary students' beliefs toward legumes, taking into account their attachment to meat, which is still the reference source of protein. For this purpose, a quantitative survey was conducted on 102 culinary students. Overall, culinary students have a favourable view of legumes in terms of the environment, nutrition, restaurant operations, or consumer expectations. Two groups of students were identified based on their level of attachment to meat. Positive beliefs toward legumes are more strongly present among students with a weaker attachment to meat (36 % of the sample) than among students with a stronger attachment to meat (64 % of the sample). The results shed light on the profiles of future actors in the restaurant industry and their representations of legumes in relation to their psychological relationship with meat. |
| Keywords: | Legumes, Meat attachment, Attitudinal belief, Restaurant, Legumes Meat attachment Attitudinal beliefs Restaurants |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04815654 |
| By: | Gilles Dufrénot (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique); William Ginn (LabCorp, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts); Marc Pourroy (LéP [Poitiers] - Laboratoire d'économie de Poitiers - UP - Université de Poitiers = University of Poitiers) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates how El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate patterns affect global economic conditions. Prior research suggests that ENSO phases, particularly El Niño, influence economic outcomes, but with limited consensus on their broader macroeconomic impacts. Using a novel monthly dataset from 20 economies, covering 80% of global output from 1999 to 2022, we employ a global augmented vector autoregression with local projections (GAVARLP) model. The empirical findings suggest that El Niño boosts output with minimal inflationary effects, reducing global economic policy uncertainty, while La Niña raises food inflation, which can amplify aggregate inflation as a ‘‘second-round'' effect, amplifying uncertainty. These findings shed light on the transmission channels of climate shocks and highlight the significant role of ENSO in shaping global economic conditions, emphasizing why climate shocks should be a concern for policy markers. |
| Keywords: | Climate (ENSO), Oil prices, Food prices, Global macroeconometric modeling, Economic policy uncertainty |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04828849 |
| By: | Eric Aries (European Commission - JRC); Georgios Chronopoulos (European Commission - JRC); Frauke Schorcht (European Commission - JRC); Serge Roudier (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Smitheries and Foundries Industry (SF BREF) is part of a series of documents presenting the results of an exchange of information between EU Member States, the industries concerned, non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection, and the Commission, to draw up, review and – where necessary – update BAT reference documents as required by Article 13(1) of Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU. This document is published by the European Commission pursuant to Article 13(6) of the Directive. The BREF for Smitheries and Foundries covers smitheries with hammers the energy of which exceeds 50 kilojoule per hammer, where the calorific power used exceeds 20 MW, ferrous metal foundries with a production capacity exceeding 20 tonnes per day, non-ferrous metal foundries, with a melting capacity exceeding 4 tonnes per day for lead and cadmium or 20 tonnes per day for all other metals and a number of other activities specified in the Scope of the document. The BREF consists of six main chapters. Chapter 1 provides general information, the applied processes and techniques and the current consumption and emission levels for Smitheries. Chapter 2 provides general information, the applied processes and techniques and the current consumption and emission levels for Foundries. Chapter 3 provides information on techniques to consider in the determination of BAT for smitheries and foundries. Chapter 4 presents the BAT conclusions as defined in Article 3(12) of the Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU). Chapter 5 provides information on emerging techniques. Concluding remarks and recommendations for future work are presented in Chapter 6. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc140209 |
| By: | Sandrine Costa (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Mechthild Donner (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Christian Duquennoi (UR PROSE - Procédés biotechnologiques au service de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Valentin Savary (INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | 2, 9 milliards de tonnes par an (soit 284 kg/ hab/an), c'est la quantité de déchets ménagers produite actuellement dans le monde, et il est prévu qu'elle continue d'augmenter pour atteindre presque 4 milliards de tonnes par an en 2050 (Kaza et al., 2018). Les impacts environnementaux et sociaux de ces déchets sont multiples et soulèvent des enjeux différenciés selon le niveau de revenu des pays. En Europe, la réglementation prévoit que 65 % des déchets ménagers soient recyclés d'ici 2035. Dans cette étude, nous avons étudié les modèles d'affaires des startups de collecte et de valorisation des biodéchets. Ces entreprises, malgré le contexte économique favorable, dépendent encore beaucoup de fonds publics et font face à une concurrence croissante. |
| Keywords: | Traitement des déchets, Biodéchet, Startup, Valorisation des déchets |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04795205 |
| By: | Alice Lyonnet (INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Marianne Cerf (SADAPT - Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Chloé Le Bail (CPU - Cognition, Perception et Usages - LISN - LISN - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - CentraleSupélec - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IaH - Interaction avec l'Humain - LISN - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - CentraleSupélec - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Gwenola Yannou-Le Bris (SayFood - Paris-Saclay Food and Bioproduct Engineering - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | In France, the 2016 EGalim law requires an increase in the sustainability of the offer of products and services (OPS) particularly in the Collective Catering sector (CC). Introducing a more sustainable offering in an SME, requires managers to manage an organizational ambidexterity and to balance between a logic of exploitation (strengthening the existing) and the one of exploration (innovation). Based on a diachronic and processual approach, this study examines the case of the "RECHO" association, which has implemented actions for a sustainable OPS. The data are analyzed to understand how the manager constructs coherence in sustainable actions, negotiates the constraints of the CC, and mobilizes necessary resources to do so. The context of an associative SME and the sector's constraints make exploration difficult despite the external support sought by the manager. |
| Abstract: | En France, la loi EGalim de 2016 exige d'accroitre la durabilité de l'offre de produits et services (OPS), en Restauration Collective (RC) incluant des produits durables, la gestion des biodéchets, des plats végétariens et une meilleure communication. L'introduction d'une offre plus durable dans une PME, en RC, demande au manager de gérer une ambidextrie organisationnelle pour équilibrer les logiques d'exploitation (renforcement de l'existant) et d'exploration (innovation). Cette étude, basée sur une approche diachronique et processuelle, examine le cas de l'association « RECHO », qui a mis en place des actions pour une OPS durable. Les données sont analysées pour comprendre comment le manager construit la cohérence des actions durables, négocie les contraintes de la RC et mobilise les ressources nécessaires pour ce faire. Le contexte de PME associative et les contraintes du secteur rendent difficile l'exploration, malgré les appuis externes que le manager recherche. |
| Keywords: | Organizational ambidexterity, Sustainability, Managerial work, Organisational change, Ambidextrie organisationnelle, Durabilité, Ttravail managérial, Changement organisationnel |
| Date: | 2024–09–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04787901 |
| By: | Alessandra Alfieri; Lauren Holloway; Ulf von Kalckreuth; Stephan Moll; Christian Schmieder; Bruno Tissot |
| Date: | 2024–10–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bis:bisifr:16 |
| By: | Neerbewende Abdoul Rachid Pafadnam (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne) |
| Abstract: | Improving governance in resource management is essential for many developing countries. Indeed, poor resource governance can undermine economic growth, a concept known as the "resource curse". The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) was established in 2023 to promote transparency and accountability in the use of natural resource revenues. In this article, we aim to assess the effectiveness of EITI implementation in increasing economic growth in developing countries. |
| Abstract: | L'amélioration de la gouvernance dans la gestion des ressources naturelles est essentielle pour de nombreux pays en développement. En effet, une mauvaise gestion des ressources peut nuire à la croissance économique, un concept connu sous le nom de « malédiction des ressources naturelles ». L'Initiative pour la Transparence dans les Industries Extractives (ITIE) a été créée en 2023 pour promouvoir la transparence et la responsabilité dans l'utilisation des revenus tirés des ressources naturelles. Dans cet article, nous cherchons à évaluer l'efficacité de la mise en œuvre de l'ITIE à promouvoir la croissance économique dans les pays en développement. |
| Keywords: | Natural resources, Economic growth, Extractive industries transparency, Resource curse, Governance, Gouvernance, Ressources naturelles, Croissance économique, Transparence, Malédiction des ressources naturelles |
| Date: | 2024–11–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04836457 |
| By: | Serge Tomasi (MEAE - Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères) |
| Abstract: | La réforme de la comptabilisation de l'aide publique au développement (APD) mise en oeuvre à partir de 2018, conjuguée à la création du Total Official Support for Sustainable Development (TOSSD), représente une amélioration substantielle du suivi du financement du développement. Sur certains aspects, elle reste cependant au milieu du gué, et des marges de progrès demeurent. |
| Keywords: | Aide publique au développement APD, TOSSD, Financement du développement, Pays en dévelopement |
| Date: | 2024–11–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04779587 |
| By: | Alexander Wimmers; Fanny B\"ose; Leonard G\"oke |
| Abstract: | Recent pledges to triple global nuclear capacity by 2050 suggest a "nuclear renaissance, " bolstered by reactor concepts such as sodium-cooled fast reactors, high-temperature reactors, and molten salt reactors. These technologies claim to address the challenges of today's high-capacity light-water reactors, i.e., cost overruns, delays, and social acceptance, while also offering additional non-electrical applications. However, this analysis reveals that none of these concepts currently meet the prerequisites of affordability, competitiveness, or commercial availability. We omit social acceptability. The cost analysis reveals optimistic FOAK cost assumptions of 5, 623 to 9, 511 USD per kW, and NOAK cost projections as low as 1, 476 USD per kW. At FOAK cost, the applied energy system model includes no nuclear power capacity, and thus indicates that significant cost reductions would be required for these technologies to contribute to energy system decarbonization. In low-cost scenarios, reactors capable of producing high temperature heat become competitive with other low-carbon technologies. We conclude that, for reactor capacties to increase significantly, a focus on certain technology lines ist necessary. However, until a concept becomes viable and commercially available, policymakers should prioritize existing technologies to decarbonize energy systems. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2412.15083 |
| By: | Marzia Sesini (Florence School of Regulation, European University Institute); Anna Cretì (Chaire économie du climat - Chaire économie du climat, Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, LEDa - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Olivier Massol (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles, IFP School, CentraleSupélec, City University of London) |
| Abstract: | The scaling up of renewable gases is now being presented as a critical and effective component of the EU's long-term decarbonization strategy. Yet, the support schemes implemented for biogas and biomethane are far less studied than the ones dedicated to renewable power generation (e.g., solar or wind). This work bridges this gap by reviewing the supporting policies implemented in the EU and conducting a retrospective comparative analysis of the mechanisms implemented in Germany, Denmark, and Italy. The analysis is based on primary data extracted from policy statements that have been harmonized. Results show that incentivizing the supply side lowers the risk associated with early investments and market development. Conversely, they highlight inhomogeneity among countries in accounting for demand and end-use in their policies. Finally, they point at the availability of feedstock and the geographic and economic structure of a country as factors influencing the development of a market for renewable gases. The analysis stresses the value of policy mix in promoting biogas and biomethane in the EU's energy mix, and it hinges on the importance of scrutinizing sectoral massification, novel business models, infrastructure integration, and enhanced financial accessibility to improve their competitiveness and market advancement within the energy landscape. |
| Keywords: | Renewable gas, Biomethane, Biogas, Policy mix, Subsidies, Comparative analysis |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04779838 |
| By: | Samuel Quintero-Herrera (G-SCOP_COSYS - Conception Systémique: Homme, Environnement, Technologies - G-SCOP - Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, UANL - Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon [Mexique]); Peggy Zwolinski (G-SCOP_COSYS - Conception Systémique: Homme, Environnement, Technologies - G-SCOP - Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Damien Evrard (G-SCOP_COSYS - Conception Systémique: Homme, Environnement, Technologies - G-SCOP - Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); José Julián Cano-Gómez (UANL - Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon [Mexique]); Pasiano Rivas-García (UANL - Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon [Mexique]) |
| Abstract: | It is estimated that 37 % of all food produced in Mexico for human consumption is lost or wasted, while the national dairy herd consumes approximately 455, 000 tons of feed annually. This study proposes a method to carry out a national inventory of food losses (FL) from the agro-industry that can replace conventional feed in livestock diets. FL chosen should meet criteria such as documented evidence of its use as livestock feeds, knowledge of existing treatments to transform them into by-product feeds, information on its availability, nutritional composition data, and proximity to dairy farms. The method was applied in Mexico, considering national agricultural statistics data and livestock production statistics at the municipal level. FL estimation was made using the Commission for Environmental Cooperation method, considering the pre-harvest, post-harvest, and processing stages of the agri-food supply chain. The interaction between milk production and FL generation was calculated using the global desirability function and spatially assessed using geographic information systems. Twenty-nine potential "strategic food loss" were identified, including maize, carrots, broccoli, cotton, and potato. The highest opportunities to use FL as by-product feeds are in 52 municipalities, mainly in the West Central region, where the Bajio dairy area is located. This research is the first step toward developing a market for by-product feeds in a circular economy scheme that reduces the environmental impacts and costs in the dairy industry. |
| Keywords: | Mexican national inventory, Food losses, Agro-industry, Waste valorization, Livestock diet, Geographic information system, Mexican national inventory Food losses Agro-industry Waste valorization Livestock diet Geographic information system |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04186803 |
| By: | Stéphane Goutte (PSB - Paris School of Business - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université, SOURCE - SOUtenabilité et RésilienCE - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - IRD [Ile-de-France] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Klemens Klotzner; Hoang Viet Le (SOURCE - SOUtenabilité et RésilienCE - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - IRD [Ile-de-France] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Hans Jörg von Mettenheim (IPAG Business School) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we address the refinement of solar energy forecasting within a 2-day window by integrating weather forecast data and strategically employing entity embedding, with a specific focus on the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) algorithm. Through the analysis of two years of hourly solar energy production data from 16 power plants in Northern Italy (2020-2021), our research underscores the substantial impact of weather variables on solar energy production. Notably, we explore the augmentation of forecasting models by incorporating entity embedding, with a particular emphasis on embedding techniques for both general weather descriptors and individual power plants. By highlighting the nuanced integration of entity embedding within the MLP algorithm, our study reveals a significant enhancement in forecasting accuracy compared to popular machine learning algorithms like XGBoost and LGBM, showcasing the potential of this approach for more precise solar energy forecasts. |
| Keywords: | Entity embedding, Machine learning, Neural networks, Solar energy, Time series forecasting |
| Date: | 2024–09–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04779953 |
| By: | Peter Benczur (European Commission - JRC); Juliana Subtil; Tahnee Ooms (European Commission - JRC); Shaun Mark Da Costa (European Commission - JRC); Krzysztof Kania; Catherine Ganzleben; Alessia Fulvimari; Ramona Samson |
| Abstract: | A competitive and resilient Europe requires a systemic transition that fosters economic circularity and far-reaching societal ad-justments. These measures must acknowledge the complexity of wellbeing. Its adequate use for policy and governance requires a system thinking approach. Transforming our socio-economic model re-quires innovations going well beyond the traditional focus on science and technology. The EU’s pursuit of a sustainable transition can only succeed if Europe manages to transform its economies, while remaining globally competitive and resilient.Europe has a unique model to build on that combines competitiveness with addressing inequalities. A just and fair transition considers the social aspects of sustainability and ensures the affordable wellbeing of current and future generations. To ensure the wellbeing of its citizens amid various global challenges, Europe must har-ness the power of innovation. Innovation is increasingly playing a key role to genuinely achieve the ambitious shift towards a new EU growth model, fundamentally transforming mar-kets by creating new ones or improving existing ones. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc139898 |
| By: | Anne Baschwitz (TECH ECO (ex-ITESE) - Institut Technico-Economie - CEA-DES (ex-DEN) - CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Université Paris-Saclay); Vincent Bos (TECH ECO (ex-ITESE) - Institut Technico-Economie - CEA-DES (ex-DEN) - CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Université Paris-Saclay); Elisabeth Le Net (TECH ECO (ex-ITESE) - Institut Technico-Economie - CEA-DES (ex-DEN) - CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Université Paris-Saclay); Youcef Smadhi (TECH ECO (ex-ITESE) - Institut Technico-Economie - CEA-DES (ex-DEN) - CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Université Paris-Saclay); Alice Marie (LITEN / CEA-DES - Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux - CEA-DES (ex-DEN) - CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - INES - Institut National de L'Energie Solaire - CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Insight for a methodological approach for the construction of critical minerals modelling and delivering scenarios This presentation is based on a value chain perspective. Crossing global lithium-based energy transition policies (decarbonized mobility in particular), it aims to offer methodological insights for the forecast of critical minerals through modelling and the constitution of resource intensive energy transition scenarios. The presentation will be based on a lithium system dynamic modelling, ANTLIA, a model developed on a World and European scales to 2050 to anticipate the evolution of lithium production and consumption and to establish a sovereignty index to anticipate European needs based on policies recommendations. We will present the framework of the model (modules and parameters) and the value chains (stocks, flows, offer, demand). We will show how dynamic system modellings can be useful to establish a reference scenario and to identify the sensibility of the parameters. Changing the value of parameters provide alternative scenarios built on two major dimensions: critical minerals energy transition systems (lithium-intensive systems) and indexes of sovereignty. |
| Date: | 2023–10–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:cea-04812128 |
| By: | Khatun Asma (Research Institute for Future Design, Kochi University of Technology, Japan); Moinul Islam (Research Institute for Future Design, Kochi University of Technology); Tatsuyoshi Saijo (Institute for International Academic Research, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Japan); Koji Kotani (Research Institute for Future Design, Kochi University of Technology, Japan) |
| Abstract: | Sustainable agricultural production (SAP) is essential to make food systems sustainable through increasing crop yields and reducing environmental hazards in the long run. However, little research has been conducted on policies or futures-studies approaches for a persistent change in food production towards SAP. This study utilizes a future design (FD) approach where people are asked to think of a vision, a mission and a strategy for problem solving through taking a perspective of future generations, investigating a research question “how does FD affect fertilizer practices for food production?, †and the hypothesis “FD induces a persistent change in farmers’ productions towards SAP.†We design a double-round social experiment with four treatments of “baseline, †“visioning, †“one-person FD (OFD)†and “group FD (GFD), †collecting data on organic and inorganic fertilizer practices from 400 family farms in Bangladesh over five months. Family farms in baseline report fertilizer practices. In visioning, they additionally deliberate with their family members to have a vision, a mission and a strategy. In OFD and GFD, they additionally take each perspective of past, present and future generations in a person and in a group of family farm’s members, respectively, then deliberating and thinking of the same issues. The results demonstrate that GFD induces family farmers to a more sustained increase (decrease) organic (inorganic) fertilizer practices than do any other treatment, and the magnitude under GFD is almost twice as much as those under visioning or OFD. Thus, it is advisable that applying FD to a group of people is the most effective for sustained changes of farming productions towards SAP, potentially due to sympathy, empathy and peer effects among group members sharing the same vision, mission and strategy. |
| Keywords: | Future design, visioning, organic & inorganic fertilizer, social experiment, Bangladesh |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kch:wpaper:sdes-2025-3 |
| By: | Pohl, Christian Dominik |
| Abstract: | This dissertation explores the interaction between corporate sustainability and corporate finance across three thematic areas. The first thematic area examines how the publication of the Carbon Disclosure Project’s (CDP) list, comprising companies that have refused to respond to the questionnaire on environmental data, affects these companies’ firm value (Chapter 2). Thereby, this chapter provides insights into whether this non-disclosure campaign conducted by the CDP is effective in exerting capital market pressure on companies that refuse to disclose environmental data. The analysis identifies a significantly negative valuation effect for smaller and less profitable companies on the CDP’s list. The second thematic area focuses on sustainability-linked lending (Chapters 3 to 6). Chapters 3 and 4 provide an overview of the design of the sustainability-related attributes which define sustainability-linked bonds (SLBs) and sustainability-linked loans (SLLs). More specifically, these chapters discuss the sustainability targets and the financial incentivization mechanisms that connect these targets to the financing terms of these debt products. Subsequently, Chapters 5 and 6 address empirical questions in sustainability-linked lending. Chapter 5 initially examines the pricing of SLLs in the debt capital market and finds that SLLs are priced with initial spreads that are, on average, 9.5 basis points lower than the initial spreads of conventional loans from the same issuer with similar characteristics. This pricing advantage for the borrower is greater for borrowers characterized by a strong environmental profile and for loans originated with a lending syndicate characterized by strong environmental characteristics. Chapter 6 investigates the perception of SLB issuances in the equity market by analyzing abnormal stock returns around the announcement of SLB issues. The study identifies a positive announcement effect, which however only remains significant for certain issuers with specific characteristics in the two subsequent trading weeks. Over this period, issuers with a strong environmental profile, as well as those that have not issued use-of-proceeds bonds before the SLB issue, experience significantly more positive stock market reactions than the corresponding issuers that have weaker environmental attributes or those that have issued use-of-proceeds bonds previously. The final thematic area of this dissertation examines the influence of security class action lawsuits (SCAs) on the corporate governance structures of the defendant companies’ competitors (Chapter 7). Initially, the study presents evidence for two benefits resulting from robust governance structures in the context of corporate litigation. Specifically, the results suggest that robust corporate governance significantly mitigates the risk of being sued in an SCA and, in the event of litigation, also protects the value of the defendant company and to a lower extent that of its competitors. The study argues that these two benefits of robust governance structures should incentivize the competitors of SCA defendants to revise their own governance mechanisms following an SCA in the same industry. Consequently, the study analyzes the development of the SCA defendants’ industry competitors’ governance mechanisms after the SCA using a generalized difference-in-difference approach. The results provide evidence on significantly enhanced governance structures among the competitors of SCA defendants in the years following the SCA. A deeper analysis of the individual governance components reveals that the competitors of SCA defendants particularly enhance the independence of their boards by increasing the proportion of outside directors and the expertise of their boards by increasing the proportion of directors with financial or industry-specific backgrounds. |
| Date: | 2025–01–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:151934 |
| By: | Fahmida Khatun; Syed Yusuf Saadat; Anika Ferdous Richi |
| Abstract: | Health spending has become a vital area of public investment regardless of a nation’s economic standing. The United Nations’ 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda recognises the paramount significance of healthcare. |
| Keywords: | Health Budget, Public investment, Health policy reform, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:pbrief:57 |
| By: | Cormac Lynch; Yeliz Simsek; Jean-Francois Mercure; Panagiotis Fragkos; Julien Lefèvre (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Thomas Le Gallic (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Kostas Fragkiadakis; Leonidas Paroussos; Dimitris Fragkiadakis; Florian Leblanc; Femke Nijsse |
| Abstract: | A net zero transition is likely to generate substantial and irreversible economic transformation. High-carbon industries and their related occupations will disappear, while new low-carbon industries and occupations will be created. In the aggregate, the impact of the transition on GDP and employment is commonly projected to be relatively moderate. However, such estimates hide drastic distributional issues that are sectorally and regionally concentrated. We use three sectorally detailed and regionally disaggregated macroeconomic models to explore the possible levels and impacts of structural change in a well below 2°C scenario. In addition to the expected decline in the carbon-intensive industries, we observe secondary impacts, particularly in the services sectors, that vary significantly between models. The risks entailed with structural change involve worsening economic disparity and societal division that could exacerbate existing socioeconomic and political polarisation. Impact assessments of decarbonisation should consider such distributional issues to avoid post-industrial decline and widening socioeconomic inequalities. |
| Keywords: | Structural change, Post-industrial decline, Multi-sectoral macroeconomic modelling, Climate policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04824037 |
| By: | Viviane Trèves (SADAPT - Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Mourad Hannachi (SADAPT - Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Jean-Marc Meynard (SADAPT - Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | CONTEXT Reducing pesticide use has become an important policy objective in several countries, yet many have failed to reach their goals. Policies need to be more systemic to address lock-ins hindering pesticide reduction. To do so, policymakers must improve policymaking processes, while ensuring active stakeholder participation. This requires specific policy capacities, which have not yet been characterized. OBJECTIVE This article aims to identify policy capacities needed to improve the collective elaboration of pesticide reduction policies and integrate a systemic approach. METHODS We studied the collective elaboration of the French pesticide reduction plans. We built a narration of the policy process organized by policymakers, based on semi-structured interviews and an analysis of grey literature. We then reflected on which policy capacities policymakers needed to better manage the policy design process, using the "management situation" concept. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our results show that to better design pesticide reduction policies, policymakers lacked four types of interdependent "policy capacities": capacities to support collective sensemaking about lock-ins, to co-design interdependent and multi-level instruments, to co-design suitable implementation structures and to ensure learning. These results highlight an issue of dynamic capabilities in public organizations. SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide concrete proposals to improve design processes for pesticide reduction policies aiming at systemic transformations: there is a need to develop new methods, tools, analytical resources and training programs for policymakers, to support the development of the policy capacities identified. These results also suggest avenues for future action-research between public management, systemic agronomy, sustainability and design sciences. |
| Keywords: | Pesticide reduction, Lock-in, Policymaking process, Policy capacity, Management science, Sociotechnical transition |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04803908 |
| By: | ES-SANOUN Mohamed (USMBA - Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah); Zaynab Hjouji; Ziad Bousraraf; Benboubker Mounir (USMBA - Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah); Mahouat Nacer |
| Abstract: | Considering the vital role of the tourism sector in the economy, and the intense competition between nations to attract large numbers of tourists, nations are seeking to ameliorate their competitiveness in order to boost their position internationally. In this context, it is essential to determine the main factors of international tourism demand, and with this in mind, this article examines the impact of the real effective exchange rate on international tourism flows to Morocco over the period 1995-2023. We apply the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model and the Granger causality test to analyze this impact. In addition, we have introduced other control variables (inflation rate, gross domestic product per capita, carbon dioxide emissions) for two reasons: firstly, to ensure the robustness of the results, and secondly, to account for other factors that may affect international tourism demand in the case of Morocco. Our results show that there is a negative relationship between the evolution of the real effective exchange rate, the inflation rate, carbon dioxide emissions and international tourism flows in Morocco, whereas gross domestic product per capita has a positive impact on the evolution of international tourism demand. In our judgment, this study can also guide professionals and policymakers in the formulation of policies and strategies associated with the development of the tourism sector, to improve Morocco's position in this area. The practical implications of these findings suggest that policies aimed at stabilizing the exchange rate and managing economic and environmental variables could enhance Morocco's attractiveness as a tourist destination. |
| Abstract: | Compte tenu du rôle vital du secteur du tourisme dans l'économie et la concurrence intense entre les nations pour attirer un grand nombre de touristes, les pays cherchent à améliorer leur compétitivité afin de renforcer leur position à l'international. Dans ce contexte, il est essentiel de déterminer les principaux facteurs de la demande touristique internationale. Cet article examine donc l'impact du taux de change réel effectif sur les flux touristiques internationaux vers le Maroc durant la période 1995-2023. Nous appliquons le modèle Vecteur autorégressif (VAR) et le test de causalité de Granger pour analyser cet impact. De plus, nous avons introduit d'autres variables de contrôle (taux d'inflation, produit intérieur brut par habitant, émissions de dioxyde de carbone) pour deux raisons : premièrement, assurer la robustesse des résultats, et deuxièmement, tenir compte d'autres facteurs pouvant affecter la demande touristique internationale dans le cas du Maroc. Nos résultats montrent qu'il existe une relation négative entre l'évolution du taux de change réel effectif, le taux d'inflation, les émissions de dioxyde de carbone et les flux touristiques internationaux au Maroc, tandis que le produit intérieur brut par habitant a un impact positif sur l'évolution de la demande touristique internationale. À notre avis, cette étude peut également guider les professionnels et les décideurs dans la formulation de politiques et de stratégies liées au développement du secteur touristique, afin d'améliorer la position du Maroc dans ce domaine. Les implications pratiques de ces résultats suggèrent que des politiques visant à stabiliser le taux de change et à gérer les variables économiques et environnementales pourraient renforcer l'attractivité du Maroc en tant que destination touristique. |
| Keywords: | Tourism Receipts, Real Exchange Rate, Tourism Demand, Vector Autoregressive (VAR) |
| Date: | 2024–10–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04764091 |
| By: | Serge Tomasi (MEAE - Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères) |
| Abstract: | The reform of official development assistance (ODA) accounting implemented from 2018, combined with the creation of Total Official Support for Sustainable Development (TOSSD), represents a substantial improvement in the monitoring of development financing. In some respects, however, it remains in the middle of the road, and there is still room for improvement. |
| Keywords: | Developing countries, LDCs, Development financing, Official development assistance ODA, TOSSD |
| Date: | 2024–11–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04818117 |
| By: | Mouhamadou Mansour Nguirane (UCAD - Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar [Sénégal], SOURCE - SOUtenabilité et RésilienCE - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - IRD [Ile-de-France] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, EDEQUE - Ecole Doctorale Eau Qualité et Usages de l'Eau, UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines); Coura Kane (UCAD - Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar [Sénégal], SOURCE - SOUtenabilité et RésilienCE - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - IRD [Ile-de-France] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Vincent Geronimi (SOURCE - SOUtenabilité et RésilienCE - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - IRD [Ile-de-France] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Cemotev - Centre d'études sur la mondialisation, les conflits, les territoires et les vulnérabilités - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, GEMDEV - Groupement pour l'Étude de la Mondialisation et du Développement - UP8 - Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis); Awa Fall Niang (UCAD - Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar [Sénégal], SOURCE - SOUtenabilité et RésilienCE - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - IRD [Ile-de-France] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Nathalie Pottier (UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, SOURCE - SOUtenabilité et RésilienCE - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - IRD [Ile-de-France] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Waly Faye (UCAD - Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar [Sénégal], SOURCE - SOUtenabilité et RésilienCE - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - IRD [Ile-de-France] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Abdoulaye Faty (UCAD - Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar [Sénégal], SOURCE - SOUtenabilité et RésilienCE - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - IRD [Ile-de-France] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Birane Cissé (UCAD - Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar [Sénégal], SOURCE - SOUtenabilité et RésilienCE - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - IRD [Ile-de-France] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Alioune Kane (UCAD - Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar [Sénégal], SOURCE - SOUtenabilité et RésilienCE - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - IRD [Ile-de-France] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement) |
| Abstract: | In Senegal, as in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, funding constraints limit water supply, particularly in rural areas. Despite government reforms to improve access to water, major challenges remain, particularly in the groundnut basin, where poor management and climatic variations exacerbate the scarcity of water and the vulnerability of populations. In 2014, the government entrusted the management of drinking water services to the private sector through the Délégation de Services Publics (DSP), thereby promoting investment and the sustainability of water infrastructure. This study examines the impact of private sector involvement in rural water management and its role in the socio-economic development of the groundnut basin. Analysis of hydraulic data, socio-economic surveys and interviews reveals increased professionalisation and a strengthening of the drinking water supply network. This has helped to diversify sources of income and reduce socio-spatial inequalities. However, faced with tariffs that are often considered high, low-income households are developing coping strategies to meet their water needs. |
| Abstract: | Au Sénégal, comme dans de nombreux pays d'Afrique subsaharienne, les contraintes de financement limitent l'approvisionnement en eau, particulièrement en milieu rural. Malgré les réformes gouvernementales pour améliorer l'accès à l'eau, des défis importants persistent, notamment dans le bassin arachidier, où la mauvaise gestion et les variations climatiques exacerbent la raréfaction de l'eau et la vulnérabilité des populations. En 2014, l'État a confié la gestion des services d'eau potable au secteur privé à travers la Délégation de Services Publics (DSP), favorisant ainsi les investissements et la pérennité des infrastructures hydrauliques. Cette étude examine l'impact de l'implication du secteur privé dans la gestion de l'hydraulique rurale et son rôle dans le développement socio-économique du bassin arachidier. L'analyse des données hydrauliques, des enquêtes socio-économiques et des entretiens révèle une professionnalisation accrue et un renforcement du réseau d'approvisionnement en eau potable. Cette dynamique a permis de diversifier les sources de revenus et de réduire les inégalités socio-spatiales. Toutefois, face à des tarifs souvent jugés élevés, les ménages à faible revenu développent des stratégies d'adaptation pour satisfaire leurs besoins en eau. |
| Keywords: | groundnut basin, Inequalities, leasing contract, rural development, Bassin arachidier, inégalités, affermage, développement rural |
| Date: | 2024–10–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04762641 |
| By: | Sylvia Schwaag-Serger; Luc Soete; Johan Stierna (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This scientific report builds on fifteen science for policy concept papers elaborated for the JRC by nineteen independent individual expert within a pool named “Implementing a fair and sustainable economy”. In light of the findings in the Draghi report and the emerging new EU policy agenda, this report analyses synergies and common lines of reflection shared by several experts. Based on their science for policy outcomes, three cross-cutting themes are identified: the new EU industrial policy, the implementation gap of the EU, and different angles to increased security in the EU. The experts stress the importance of understanding and addressing trade-offs between the EU policy goals of competitiveness, sustainability, fairness and security. They reflect on new requirements of science for policy in times of deep transformation; they elaborate on the structural pillars for a new industrial policy; they reflect on the conditions for disruptive innovation and systemic transitions; and they analyse spill over from a comprehensive approach to EU’s new search for security. In all these areas, the experts explore openings for a territorial articulation of the EU-level initiatives in Member States, regions and with citizens. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc140513 |
| By: | Peter Lindner; Mr. Ananthakrishnan Prasad; Jean-Marie Masse |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews the main types of credit enhancement approaches used to support climate debt issuances by EMDE borrowers. Fragmentation on the part of the providers of credit enhancements was identified as a major factor impeding scalability of credit-enhanced debt. The acceptance of credit-enhanced debt is also hampered by the structural characteristics of the capital markets, especially the fragmentation of the investor base. To place significant amounts of credit-enhanced climate debt with private sector investors, MDBs, DFIs, and other stakeholders should focus on simple and replicable debt structures. Securitizations and investment funds could help fund private sector climate investments in EMDEs. |
| Keywords: | Credit enhancements; blended finance; debt-for-climate swaps; climate mitigation; climate adaptation; climate finance; guarantees; securitization. |
| Date: | 2025–01–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/002 |
| By: | Imad Assarraj (Université Mohammed Premier [Oujda] = Université Mohammed Ier); Mohamed Al Maache (Université Mohamed 1 Oujda MAROC) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the impact of digital transformation on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) among companies listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange. Digital transformation, characterized by adopting technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Big Data Analytics, and the Internet of Things, is increasingly recognized as a critical driver of CSR performance. This research uses a sample of 45 companies, analyzing their CSR efforts through ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) ratings obtained from Refinitiv and their digital transformation efforts measured by keyword frequency analysis from their 2023 annual reports. The findings reveal a positive relationship between digital transformation and CSR, particularly in governance and social responsibility dimensions. Regression analysis confirms that companies with higher levels of digital transformation tend to achieve better ESG scores, suggesting that digital transformation is a technological upgrade and a strategic imperative for enhancing CSR. The study highlights the variation in impact across different sectors, with heavily regulated industries such as banking and finance showing stronger correlations. The implications for businesses are clear: investing in digital transformation can significantly improve sustainability practices and stakeholder engagement. Future research should explore specific digital strategies that enhance CSR and investigate potential non-linear relationships in greater depth. |
| Keywords: | Digital Transformation Corporate Social Responsibility ESG Casablanca Stock Exchange JEL Classification: M14 M15 Paper type: Empirical research, Digital Transformation, Corporate Social Responsibility, ESG, Casablanca Stock Exchange JEL Classification: M14 |
| Date: | 2024–11–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04771367 |
| By: | Aysegül Kayaoglu; Ghassan Baliki; Tilman Brück; |
| Abstract: | Climate change and violent conflict are defining challenges of our time. However, it is not yet understood how they interact in shaping human welfare and food security, how their interaction shapes gendered outcomes, or how social protection systems can mitigate their impact. To address these knowledge gaps, we first examine how household food insecurity relates to conflict and climate shocks and whether these associations are gender-sensitive. Second, we test what mechanisms can reduce the negative impacts of these shocks. Our empirical analysis relies on novel survey data of 7, 908 rural households collected across 14 states in Sudan in 2022. Sudan currently faces floods, droughts, and violent conflict affecting agricultural production and food supply. We find that climate shocks do not significantly affect food consumption scores (FCS), while exposure to violent conflict leads to a substantial decrease in FCS. Both productive and non-productive assets increase FCS for all households, especially female-headed households. Longer distances to agricultural input and output markets correlate with lower FCS, particularly for male-headed households. Women’s social group membership positively impacts on FCS for female-headed households. However, women do not receive additional benefits from other social networks during climate and conflict exposure, while male-headed households benefit from all types of social networks. Income diversification is identified as a key strategy for improving FCS, particularly for female-headed households during conflict. Informal cash transfers significantly improve FCS, especially for female-headed households. In contrast, formal cash transfers negatively correlate with FCS, although they positively impact on male-headed households during violent conflict. Overall, we recommend targeted social protection programmes that address gender disparities and enhance resilience among vulnerable populations. |
| Keywords: | climate change, conflict, food security, gender, social protection, sudan |
| JEL: | I31 J16 Q12 Q18 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hic:wpaper:423 |
| By: | Charles Dupont; Debraj Roy |
| Abstract: | Eradicating extreme poverty and inequality are the key leverage points to achieve the seventeen Sustainable Development goals. Yet, the reduction in extreme poverty and inequality are vulnerable to shocks such as the pandemic and climate change. We find that that these vulnerabilities emerge from the interaction between individual and institutional mechanisms. Individual characteristics like risk aversion, attention, and saving propensity can lead to sub-optimal diversification and low capital accumulation. These individual drivers are reinforced by institutional mechanisms such as lack of financial inclusion, access to technology, and economic segregation, leading to persistent inequality and poverty traps. Our experiments demonstrate that addressing above factors yields 'double dividend' - reducing poverty and inequality within-and-between communities and create positive feedback that can withstand shocks. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2412.17822 |
| By: | Tiago Teixeira da Silva Siqueira (Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Manon Feillet (Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Jean-Marc Sadaillan (Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Mathieu Vigne (UMR SELMET - Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Jonathan Vayssieres (UMR SELMET - Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Anthony Benoist (UPR BioWooEB - BioWooEB - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Maëva Miralles-Bruneau (Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Allix Margot (UPR BioWooEB - BioWooEB - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Yoan Pellier (Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Julia Vuattoux (Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Tsirinina Donnah Razafinarivo (FOFIFA - Centre National de Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural); Laingo Rasolofo Irintsoa (FOFIFA - Centre National de Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural); Mamy Hanitriniaina Razafimahatratra (FOFIFA - Centre National de Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural); Barimalala Anjara (AVSF - Agronomes et Vétérinaires Sans Frontières); Guillaume Parizet (AVSF - Agronomes et Vétérinaires Sans Frontières) |
| Abstract: | Transitions vers des territoriales durables Une démarche pour coconcevoir des systèmes alimentaires à travers la circularité de la biomasse et les activités d'élevage |
| Keywords: | economie circulaire, durable, rural, local, co, conception, participative, multicritère, Sud |
| Date: | 2024–06–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04815557 |
| By: | Jean-Bernard Marsat; Boris Kokou; Jacques Veslot; Etienne Polge (INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Territoires - Territoires - AgroParisTech - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne, ACT - Département sciences pour l'action, les transitions, les territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Management and development policies for natural heritage sites are experiencing a growing demand for monitoring and evaluation. This concerns in particular the tourist and leisure activities which raise fears related to the risks of degradation of the environment and expectations related to the potential effects on the economic development of the territories. The paper proposes an analytic framework of the economic effects of this frequentation that we apply to the Chaîne des Puys - Limagne fault tectonic arena site, that was included in the UNESCO World Heritage list in 2018. We carried out a tourist frequentation modeling of the site based on diverse partial and heterogenous data and a face to face survey of the visitors. The data processing reveal theoretical and methodological issues quantifying and qualifying the global frequentation (open and extended site, visitors' motivations and practices )), the monetary contribution constituted by the visitors' expenses (localization adjustments) and the local economic effects (visitors and expenses qualification, visitor conversion of expenses into direct and induced employment). Moreover, the analytic framework presented allows to shed additional light on the extensive system of tourism and leisure activities linked to the site and on any specific thematic issues, such as the comparison between the contributions of tourists and excursionists. In our case study, tourist spending on accommodation is largely dominant, and tourist spending far exceeds that of excursionists. Nevertheless, spending by excursionists represents a significant resource (accounting for 26% of spending on paid activities), and one that is better distributed throughout the year. |
| Abstract: | Les politiques de gestion et de valorisation de sites naturels patrimoniaux connaissent une demande croissante de suivi-évaluation. Celle-ci concerne en particulier la fréquentation touristique et de loisir qui suscite des craintes liées aux risques de dégradation des milieux et des attentes liées aux potentiels effets sur le développement économique des territoires. L'article propose un cadre d'analyse des effets économiques de cette fréquentation que nous appliquons au site de la Chaîne des Puys-Faille de Limagne, inscrit en 2018 sur la liste UNESCO du Patrimoine mondial. Des enjeux théoriques et méthodologiques sont relevés. Sur la base de données et d'une enquête auprès des visiteurs, nous quantifions et nous qualifions la fréquentation touristique du site (critères d'estimation, motivations de visites), l'apport monétaire constitué par les dépenses des visiteurs (redressements, calculs, localisation) et les effets économiques (qualification des dépenses, conversion en emplois directs et induits). |
| Keywords: | tourist and leisure activities, local economic effects, direct effects, induced effects, natural heritage site, site naturel patrimonial, fréquentation touristique et de loisirs, effets économiques locaux, effets directs, effets induits |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04796161 |
| By: | Oscar Csibi (GRM - Groupe de Recherche en Management - EA 4711 - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur) |
| Abstract: | The research is motivated by the need to understand how sustainable entrepreneurship (SE) behaviors and practices influence the internationalization strategies and outcomes of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Sustainability has become a significant topic in business research, especially with the recognition of the triple bottom line (TBL) concept, which integrates environmental, social, and economic aspects in business practices (Casado-Belmonte et al., 2020). SE merges these sustainability goals with entrepreneurial activities, emphasizing ecological and social responsibilities alongside economic growth (Isaak, 2002; Shepherd & Patzelt, 2011). A crucial area for future research involves the relationship between SMEs and sustainability (Sanders, 2022). Research has shown that the values of owners, directors, and employees in German Mittelstand companies often differ from those in other firms, showing a stronger commitment to sustainability (De Massis et al., 2018). It remains uncertain if these differences extend more broadly to SMEs. Locally embedded SMEs and family businesses, with their intergenerational planning horizons, long-term orientation, and high levels of social responsibility, may be uniquely positioned to tackle today's significant challenges. This potential sustainability advantage underscores the importance of exploring how these firms can integrate sustainability into their global strategies to achieve competitive advantage and address socio-environmental issues. This study aims to explore this intersection to uncover how SMEs can incorporate sustainability into their international strategies to achieve competitive advantage and address socio-environmental challenges? This research will investigate the mechanisms through which SE practices affect the internationalization of SMEs by focusing on the pivotal role of social networks. Social networks are instrumental in providing SMEs with critical resources, building trust, enhancing knowledge, and developing capabilities necessary for successful international ventures (Han et al., 2024). The study will delve into how these networks facilitate market choice, entry mode, and performance, influencing the overall internationalization process of SMEs. Understanding the interplay between SE and internationalization is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, SMEs make up a significant portion of global business, accounting for 90% of companies and over half of global employment (Audretsch & Guenther, 2023). Despite their prevalence, the success of SMEs is not guaranteed; their performance varies widely based on contextual factors and their ability to innovate and internationalize. SE offers a pathway for SMEs to enhance their competitiveness by integrating sustainability into their core strategies, addressing both market demands and global sustainability challenges (Shepherd & Patzelt, 2011; Hull et al., 2007). Secondly, the role of social networks in facilitating internationalization is pivotal. Social networks provide SMEs with critical resources, build trust, enhance knowledge, and develop capabilities needed for successful international ventures (Han et al., 2024). These networks help SMEs navigate the complexities of foreign markets, from initial entry to post-entry operations, by leveraging interorganizational collaborations and personal relationships (Lindstrand & Hånell, 2017; Zahoor & Al- Tabbaa, 2021). Recent research has extended the examination of social networks from organizational to individual and national levels, revealing their profound impact on market choice, entry mode, internationalization degree, and performance (Han et al., 2024). Moreover, collaborative innovation strategies, as highlighted by Audretsch and Guenther (2023), enable SMEs to overcome resource constraints associated with their smaller size. Engaging in inter-organizational collaborations (IOC) is a critical strategy for SMEs to access new markets, share resources, and foster innovation, which are essential for successful internationalization. Given the global push for sustainable development, there is a pressing need to understand how SE can be leveraged for international growth. Internationalization offers a viable pathway for sustainable businesses to scale their impact and reach. Historically, research on internationalization has focused on traditional entrepreneurial ventures that prioritize economic gains. However, the integration of sustainability into international business strategies remains underexplored, creating a significant research gap (Zolfaghari Ejlal Manesh & Rialp-Criado, 2019). Moreover, the success of SMEs in the global market can contribute significantly to global economic stability and growth. SMEs are identified as engines of internationalization, contributing substantially to global economic activity (Del Sarto et al., 2021). Innovative and internationalized SMEs tend to be concentrated in specific spatial and institutional contexts, highlighting the importance of local ecosystems in supporting these activities (Guenther et al., 2022). |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Entrepreneurship, SMEs' internationalization, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2024–08–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04812579 |
| By: | Romain Presty (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - CentraleSupélec - Université Paris-Saclay, IFP School) |
| Date: | 2024–06–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04830356 |
| By: | Donatella Gatti (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord); Imen Ghattassi (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord); Gaye Del Lo (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord); Julien Vauday (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord); Gregory Schneider-Maunoury (UP13 - Université Paris 13) |
| Abstract: | Bien que, depuis de nombreuses décennies, l'opinion publique mondiale soit avertie de la gravité des conséquences du changement climatique, les actions publiques demeurent insuffisantes au regard de la gravité des enjeux. Dans le cadre de ce workshop, nous allons questionner les raisons de ce décalage et étudier les transitions écologiques et énergétiques en cours, leurs caractéristiques, leurs conséquences, et leurs risques. L'accent sera mis sur les analyses des risques financiers associés aux risques climatiques, les inégalités et les flux migratoires issus des bouleversements environnementaux, l'évolution des législations environnementales et leur impact sur les citoyens et les entreprises, ainsi que les modifications dans les entreprises, et leur responsabilité sociale, en lien avec les nouvelles contraintes environnementales et législatives. |
| Date: | 2023–10–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04815241 |
| By: | Luis Miguel López Santiago (UTT - Université de Technologie de Troyes, InSyTE - Interdisciplinary research on Society-Technology-Environment - UTT - Université de Technologie de Troyes); Mario Andrés Manzi-Puertas (PUJ - Pontificia Universidad Javeriana); Stephanie Torres Reyes (UFMG - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais = Federal University of Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte, Brazil]); Diego Fernando Carbonell García (Universidad de San Buenaventura Cali); Michel Marfil Rivero |
| Abstract: | Sustainability requires the sharing of knowledge, resources and capacities. Cooperation Networks (CN) are essential to promote strategies and approaches that respond to socio-environmental challenges in various territories, particularly in emerging countries. However, CN management is complex, and literature on this matter is scarce. This article identifies and explores CN management practices for sustainability. We studied the Latin American Network for Frugal Innovation (RELIF), which promotes Frugal Innovation as a design approach to sustainability in Latin America. A qualitative methodology was used based on interviews with the Coordinating Committee and thematic analysis. Several effective practices were detected, such as active collaboration, strategic alignment and efficient resource management. We also identified challenges regarding a sound strategic plan and defining an appropriate legal form. These findings are valuable lessons for similar initiatives and provide opportunities to strengthen CN management practices. Future research is recommended to explore appropriate legal structures and develop CN strategies to disseminate sustainability approaches. |
| Abstract: | La sostenibilidad requiere compartir conocimientos, recursos y capacidades. Las Redes de Cooperación (RC) son esenciales para promover estrategias y enfoques que respondan a los desafíos socioambientales en diversos territorios, particularmente en países emergentes. Sin embargo, la gestión de las RC es compleja y la literatura es escasa en este campo. Este artículo identifica y analiza de manera exploratoria las prácticas de gestión de una RC para la sostenibilidad. Se estudia el caso de la Red Latinoamericana de Innovación Frugal (RELIF), la cual promueve la Innovación Frugal como enfoque de diseño para la sostenibilidad en Latinoamérica. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa basada en entrevistas al Comité Coordinador y un análisis temático. Se identificaron una serie de prácticas efectivas como la colaboración activa, alineación estratégica y gestión eficiente de recursos. Así como los desafíos relacionados con la falta de un plan estratégico sólido y la necesidad de definir una figura jurídica adecuada. Estos hallazgos sirven como lecciones valiosas para iniciativas similares, y brindan un conjunto de oportunidades para fortalecer las prácticas de gestión de las RC. Se recomiendan futuras investigaciones para explorar estructuras legales apropiadas y desarrollar estrategias de las RC para difundir enfoques de sostenibilidad. |
| Keywords: | cooperation networks, management practices, design for sustainability, frugal innovation, resources, strategy, redes de cooperación, prácticas de gestión, diseño para la sostenibilidad, innovación frugal, recursos, estrategia |
| Date: | 2024–11–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04779976 |
| By: | Stefano Farolfi (Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Sylvain Perret (UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques - AgroParisTech - IRSTEA - Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture - IRD [Occitanie] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement) |
| Abstract: | Le Bien Vivre a été défini comme l'ensemble des bonnes pratiques et des principes qui, plaçant au centre la personne dans sa relation avec les autres, inspire une société fondée sur des valeurs telles que le bien commun et la durabilité. Nous discutons du rôle que la recherche agronomique pour le développement joue dans la création des conditions pour la réalisation du Bien Vivre dans les populations du Sud global. Nous proposons un cadre analytique où les systèmes alimentaires sont au centre de la création des préconditions pour les biens relationnels, le capital social et le bien-être individuel, qui sont des composantes essentielles du Bien Vivre. La recherche agronomique pour le développement favorise l'amélioration des systèmes alimentaires, et vise donc à améliorer les conditions pour la production des biens relationnels. Dans certains cas, elle affecte aussi directement le capital social et le bien-être individuel. En utilisant une méthodologie d'évaluation spécifique (IMPRESS), nous présentons trois projets de recherche et de développement agricoles très différents dans le Sud global, pour montrer à quel point les impacts de la recherche agronomique pour le développement peuvent être diversifiés, et de quelle manière ils répondent aux Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD) des Nations Unies qui représentent des cibles opérationnelles pour la création de meilleures conditions de vie et au final pour la réalisation du Bien Vivre. |
| Keywords: | Bien Vivre, biens relationnels, recherche agronomique, systèmes agricoles et alimentaires, Sud global. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04824297 |
| By: | Andrew Holmes; Matt Jensen; Sarah Coffland; Hidemi Mitani Shen; Logan Sizemore; Seth Bassetti; Brenna Nieva; Claudia Tebaldi; Abigail Snyder; Brian Hutchinson |
| Abstract: | The Global Change Analysis Model (GCAM) simulates complex interactions between the coupled Earth and human systems, providing valuable insights into the co-evolution of land, water, and energy sectors under different future scenarios. Understanding the sensitivities and drivers of this multisectoral system can lead to more robust understanding of the different pathways to particular outcomes. The interactions and complexity of the coupled human-Earth systems make GCAM simulations costly to run at scale - a requirement for large ensemble experiments which explore uncertainty in model parameters and outputs. A differentiable emulator with similar predictive power, but greater efficiency, could provide novel scenario discovery and analysis of GCAM and its outputs, requiring fewer runs of GCAM. As a first use case, we train a neural network on an existing large ensemble that explores a range of GCAM inputs related to different relative contributions of energy production sources, with a focus on wind and solar. We complement this existing ensemble with interpolated input values and a wider selection of outputs, predicting 22, 528 GCAM outputs across time, sectors, and regions. We report a median $R^2$ score of 0.998 for the emulator's predictions and an $R^2$ score of 0.812 for its input-output sensitivity. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2412.08850 |
| By: | Fahmida Khatun; Syed Yusuf Saadat; Afrin Mahbub |
| Abstract: | Bangladesh made significant strides towards developing the education system in the early 1990s through several initiatives such as the Compulsory Primary Education Act 1990, the Female Secondary Education Stipend, and the Primary Education Development Programme (PEDP). |
| Keywords: | Climate Budget, Geographical vulnerability, Economic losses, Gender inequalities, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:pbrief:55 |
| By: | Edward J. Oughton; Dennies K. Bor; Michael Wiltberger; Robert Weigel; C. Trevor Gaunt; Ridvan Dogan; Liling Huang |
| Abstract: | There is growing concern about our vulnerability to space weather hazards and the disruption critical infrastructure failures could cause to society and the economy. However, the socio-economic impacts of space weather hazards, such as from geomagnetic storms, remain under-researched. This study introduces a novel framework to estimate the economic impacts of electricity transmission infrastructure failure due to space weather. By integrating existing geophysical and geomagnetically induced current (GIC) estimation models with a newly developed geospatial model of the Continental United States power grid, GIC vulnerabilities are assessed for a range of space weather scenarios. The approach evaluates multiple power network architectures, incorporating input-output economic modeling to translate business and population disruptions into macroeconomic impacts from GIC-related thermal heating failures. The results indicate a daily GDP loss from 6 billion USD to over 10 billion USD. Even under conservative GIC thresholds (75 A/ph) aligned with thermal withstand limits from the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC), significant economic disruptions are evident. This study is limited by its restriction to thermal heating analysis, though GICs can also affect the grid through other pathways, such as voltage instability and harmonic distortions. Addressing these other failure mechanisms need to be the focus of future research. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2412.18032 |
| By: | Otaviano Canuto Hinh T. Dinh Karim El Aynaoui Hafez Ghanem Badr Mandri |
| Abstract: | This policy brief was originally published on T20 India website A decade of poor growth, increased poverty, and political instability followed the serious debt difficulties that emerged worldwide in the 1980s. There are concerns that the looming debt crisis could create similar challenges and result in even more severe consequences. However, the current economic climate differs in many ways from that of the 1980s, when international banks and Paris Club creditors held most of the external debt. Today, the profile of creditors is more diverse, and the mechanisms established by the G20 and multilateral development banks to address this new crisis are partly based on outdated approaches that are no longer effective in adapting to new realities. As a result, a more holistic and integrated approach is required to address the challenges of external debt faced by developing countries, particularly in Africa. Such an approach should take into account the issue of over-indebtedness while also addressing climate protection, the most pressing issue of the 21st century. A promising solution to tackling these challenges could be a new debt reduction initiative focused on climate action. This policy brief recommends a ‘Debt Relief for Climate Initiative’ that will link debt reduction with investments in climate adaptation and mitigation projects. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbtrad:pbnn_31 |
| By: | Madelleine Mirabal-Cano (Territoires - Territoires - AgroParisTech - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne, AGIR - AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - INP - PURPAN - Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Fanny Chrétien (FoAP - Formation et apprentissages professionnels - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - ENSTA Bretagne - École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne - Institut Agro Dijon - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Institut Agro Dijon - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Lucie Gouttenoire (Territoires - Territoires - AgroParisTech - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Nathalie Girard (AGIR - AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - INP - PURPAN - Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Farmer autonomy has become a research issue and a key factor for the farming systems transition. However, there is no consensual definition of what farmer autonomy at work is, nor any way of describing it to promote it. To contribute to this challenge, the aim of this paper is to identify the underlying dimensions of farmers' work autonomy processes, as well as the conditions that have favored or prevented it. We approach it as a process of renormalization and learning at work. To this end, we have combined two methods of data collection: individual interviews of farmers and the confrontation of an individual trajectory with the collective. In this way, we identified how important it is for these farmers to choose their own system and finding meaning, in spite of being confronted with the norms of the local environment. Participating in collectives that set new professional norms is a way of promoting transition.We have shown that their posture is a condition conducive to experimentation and renormalization. Finally, articulating renormalization theories and valuation is essential to understanding autonomy at work. These results open up avenues for reflection on designing collective training settings that mobilize individual trajectories to achieve collective and individual learning. |
| Keywords: | farmers' work autonomy, renormalization, learning conditions, training systems |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04791338 |
| By: | Zarei, Ali; Kim, Changmo; Butt, Ali Azhar; Wu, Rongzong; Lea, Jeremy David; Erdahl, Jessica; Nassiri, Somayeh |
| Abstract: | Between 2017 and 2018, California experienced a series of four devastating fires, including the Camp and Carr Fires, which ranked among the most destructive fires in U.S. history. During these fires, roads were critical in the evacuation, rescue operations, goods transportation, and access to critical services. Additionally, postfire, road infrastructure became crucial for removing hazardous and nonhazardous waste from fire-affected areas to major landfills and recycling facilities. Despite the significance of pavements in this process, previous studies have not quantitatively assessed the potential damage caused to pavements by the additional trucks used in debris removal operations. This research aimed to address this knowledge gap by collecting precise traffic data for the routes taken to waste management facilities, including data on the number of trips involved in debris transportation. The traffic information was then utilized to calculate changes in equivalent single axle loads and traffic index values for pavement design. Pavement structures were obtained from the available core database. Pavement simulation results showed that of the nine studied highways, only one exhibited a reduction in cracking life of about 2 years. However, Skyway, the main artery in the town of Paradise, demonstrated a significantly accelerated fatigue cracking failure by 14.3 years. A sensitivity analysis of fire intensity showed other highway sections that were structurally adequate could be affected by larger fires. The presented methodology could be used in traffic planning as part of debris management operations to avoid vulnerable pavement sections. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2024–10–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt8hx274h3 |
| By: | Minhyeok Lee |
| Abstract: | Human cultural complexity did not arise in a vacuum. Scholars in the humanities and social sciences have long debated how ecological factors, such as climate and resource availability, enabled early hunter-gatherers to allocate time and energy beyond basic subsistence tasks. This paper presents a formal, interdisciplinary approach that integrates theoretical modeling with computational methods to examine whether conditions that allow lower spoilage of stored food, often associated with colder climates and abundant large fauna, could indirectly foster the emergence of cultural complexity. Our contribution is twofold. First, we propose a mathematical framework that relates spoilage rates, yield levels, resource management skills, and cultural activities. Under this framework, we prove that lower spoilage and adequate yields reduce the frequency of hunting, thus freeing substantial time for cultural pursuits. Second, we implement a reinforcement learning simulation, inspired by engineering optimization techniques, to validate the theoretical predictions. By training agents in different $(Y, p)$ environments, where $Y$ is yield and $p$ is the probability of daily spoilage, we observe patterns consistent with the theoretical model: stable conditions with lower spoilage strongly correlate with increased cultural complexity. While we do not claim to replicate prehistoric social realities directly, our results suggest that ecologically stable niches provided a milieu in which cultural forms could germinate and evolve. This study, therefore, offers an integrative perspective that unites humanistic inquiries into the origins of culture with the formal rigor and exploratory power of computational modeling. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2412.09335 |
| By: | Samira Rousselière (LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - Nantes Univ - IAE Nantes - Nantes Université - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sociétés - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université, IRSTV - Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville - FR 2488 - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières - UA - Université d'Angers - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - ULR - La Rochelle Université - Cerema - Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Ecole Supérieure des Géomètres et Topographes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INSIS - CNRS - Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes - CNRS Ingénierie - Air Pays de la Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Nantes Univ - ECN - NANTES UNIVERSITÉ - École Centrale de Nantes - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Nantes Univ - ENSA Nantes - NANTES UNIVERSITÉ - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, ONIRIS - École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique); Thomas Coisnon (Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, IRSTV - Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville - FR 2488 - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières - UA - Université d'Angers - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - ULR - La Rochelle Université - Cerema - Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Ecole Supérieure des Géomètres et Topographes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INSIS - CNRS - Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes - CNRS Ingénierie - Air Pays de la Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Nantes Univ - ECN - NANTES UNIVERSITÉ - École Centrale de Nantes - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Nantes Univ - ENSA Nantes - NANTES UNIVERSITÉ - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Mahmoud Hassan (BSE - Bordeaux sciences économiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Anne Musson (ESSCA - ESSCA – École supérieure des sciences commerciales d'Angers = ESSCA Business School, SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Damien Rousselière (Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, IRSTV - Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville - FR 2488 - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières - UA - Université d'Angers - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - ULR - La Rochelle Université - Cerema - Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Ecole Supérieure des Géomètres et Topographes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INSIS - CNRS - Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes - CNRS Ingénierie - Air Pays de la Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Nantes Univ - ECN - NANTES UNIVERSITÉ - École Centrale de Nantes - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Nantes Univ - ENSA Nantes - NANTES UNIVERSITÉ - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | The various versions of the Porter hypothesis suggest that well-designed environmental public policies may have positive effects on eco-innovation adoption and on the profitability of enterprises on the long run. However, these effects may be heterogeneous depending on the eco-innovation at stake and influenced by the other enterprises in competition. Using a repeated cross-country European survey on SME, we estimate mixed Ordered Probit with correlated random effects and sample selection. We are able to disentangle direct and indirect determinants of costs while accounting for the internal, contextual and public policies levers of ecoinnovation adoption. While testing the three versions of Porter's hypothesis, we extend previous work by taking into account the heterogeneous impact of different eco-innovations on profitability, on the one hand, and the impact of eco-innovation adoption by one firm on another, on the other hand. Our results have valuable policy implications for policymakers and SMEs. |
| Keywords: | Eco-innovation, Environmental Policy Stringency, European survey, Porter Hypothesis, Production Costs |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04810500 |
| By: | Cecilia Rossa (UNODC - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime); Patrice Brehmer (LEMAR - Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); François Patuel (UNODC - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) |
| Abstract: | The fisheries and aquaculture sector contributes significantly to the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region's economy, adding over 15% to the region's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), with approximately 3% of the economically active rural population relying on this sector. 1 In West Africa, fishing activities, mostly in the marine artisanal subsector, are a major contributor to GDP, with high overall contributions to Ghana, Mauritania, and Sierra Leone. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) also estimated that the fisheries and aquaculture sector employs about 12.3 million people on the continent 2 . However, the fisheries sector also serves as a significant vector for crime, exposing the region to a wide range of criminal activities. These include offences directly linked to the sector's operations, such as illegal fishing practices that violate national and regional laws. Additionally, there are crimes of diversion within the value chain, including corruption, money laundering, and document, tax, and customs fraud. Beyond these, the sector acts as a facilitator for severe criminal activities like drug and weapons trafficking, trafficking in persons (TIP), and smuggling of migrants (SOM), often carried out via fishing vessels and frequently connected to organised crime networks 3 . These crimes not only jeopardise regional stability and development but also escalate tensions, as competition over fishing resources often leads to violence among communities and conflicts with law enforcement, particularly in border areas. For example, in 2018, a conflict erupted in Saint-Louis, Senegal, after Mauritanian coastguards shot a young Senegalese fisherman, sparking violent protests and attacks on Mauritanian-owned businesses. 4 a. Data as a strategic asset In the fight against crimes in the fishery sector, leveraging data as a strategic asset is paramount to crafting evidence-based, impactful, and sustainable responses. The collection and analysis of data underpin the development of targeted interventions that accurately address the multifaceted challenges posed by crimes in this sector, including the corruption that often facilitates these offences. Research plays a crucial role in this endeavour, providing a foundation upon which policies and interventions can be constructed with precision and relevance. By producing comprehensive datasets -spanning from catch volumes and fishing efforts to patterns of criminal activities and corruption risks-stakeholders can identify vulnerabilities within fisheries management systems, including interactions and processes susceptible to exploitation. This insight allows for an evaluation of the effectiveness of existing regulations, an identification of gaps where corruption may flourish, and a forecasting of trends in illegal fishing practices. This approach ensures that responses are not only grounded in the reality of current practices but are also adaptable to evolving threats, enhancing the resilience and sustainability of fisheries management efforts. Ultimately, treating data as a strategic asset empowers policymakers, enforcement agencies, and community stakeholders to deploy resources more efficiently, enact measures that address both the root causes of crimes and the corruption that enables them, and foster a culture of compliance to protect marine resources for future generations. |
| Date: | 2024–11–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04821850 |
| By: | Gilles Grolleau (ESSCA - ESSCA – École supérieure des sciences commerciales d'Angers = ESSCA Business School); Naoufel Mzoughi (ECODEVELOPPEMENT - Ecodéveloppement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Laura Solaroli (ISARA, LER - Laboratoire d'Études Rurales - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - ISARA) |
| Abstract: | While individuals are expected to perceive similarly identical quantities, regardless of the used units (e.g., 1 ton or 1000 kg), several scholars suggest that consumers over-infer quantities when they are presented in bigger and phonetically-longer numbers. In two experimental studies, we examine this numerosity bias in the context of household food waste. Unlike previous scholars, manipulating numerosity revealed no effect: perceptions of food waste volume and likelihood to reduce it are not influenced by the used numeric value (2500 g vs. 2.5 kg; Study 1) nor the number of syllables (two kilos eight hundred seventy-five grams vs. three kilograms; Study 2). |
| Keywords: | food waste, numerosity bias, survey experiment |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04805001 |
| By: | Antoine Missemer (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | À l'occasion de la parution du n°4 de la revue 'Transitions : les nouvelles Annales des ponts et chaussées', cet article revient sur quelques leçons à tirer de l'historiographie récente en matière d'économie de l'environnement pour la transition écologique au XXIe siècle. Deux exemples sont brièvement exposés : celui de la formation des préférences pour l'étude des choix des consommateurs, et celui du débat croissance verte vs. décroissance. Il en ressort que regarder vers le passé peut aussi être source d'inspiration pour construire la recherche et les politiques publiques du futur. |
| Keywords: | histoire de la pensée économique, transition écologique, croissance verte, décroissance |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04841497 |
| By: | De Grandis, Giovanni (NTNU); Murashova, Natalia; Bonnevie, Tora; Falkenberg, Liv Eggset; Jamtøy, Ann Iren; Arntsen, Trude |
| Abstract: | We report the results of a citizen involvement workshop on sustainable healthy futures in Norway. The workshop was held in Trondheim on November 4-5, 2023 and involved 17 citizens from mid Norway. The good life was the broad theme, and we invited the participants to consider the themes of sustainable health and society within this frame. The participants developed 4 different visions for a sustainable healthy future for Norway. We gave them a mid-term horizon (2070) to leave room for needs- and aspirations-based social imagination, not overly conditioned by the current institutional framework, and to challenge the short-termism of the dominant policy cycles and thinking. The visions developed by the citizens are remarkably consistent in emphasizing the importance of good social integration and community life, interpersonal relations, individual development and an individual’s sense of meaning, contribution, and agency. Noteworthy is also their emphasis on the need to regulate new technologies, and to reduce information overload and unsustainable choices through trusted and transparent governance. The report provides a discussion of the visions, the full text of the 4 visions and a concise background about the method and the project of which the workshop was part. The Sustainable Healthy Futures pilot was a collaboration between the Norwegian centre for responsible research and Innovation (AFINO) and NTNU Health. The main aim of the project was to rethink health in society in the attempt to imagine innovative and sustainable approaches to health in the future. |
| Date: | 2025–01–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:b9qhf |
| By: | Anton Pichler |
| Abstract: | Despite dramatic growth and cost improvements in renewables, existing energy companies exhibit significant inertia in adapting to the evolving technological landscape. This study examines technology transition patterns by analyzing over 140, 000 investments in power assets over more than two decades, focusing on how firms expand existing technology holdings and adopt new technologies. Building on our comprehensive micro-level dataset, we provide a number of quantitative metrics on global investment dynamism and the evolution of technology portfolios. We find that only about 10\% of firms experience capacity changes in a given year, and that technology portfolios of firms are highly concentrated and persistent in time. We also identify a small subset of frequently investing firms that tend to be large and are key drivers of global technology-specific capacity expansion. Technology transitions within companies are extremely rare. Less than 3% of the more than 8, 400 fossil fuel-dominated firms have substantially transformed their portfolios to a renewable focus and firms fully transitioning to renewables are, up-to-date, virtually non-existent. Notably, firms divesting into renewables do not exhibit very characteristic technology-transition patterns but rather follow idiosyncratic transition pathways. Our results quantify the complex technology diffusion dynamics and the diverse corporate responses to a changing technology landscape, highlighting the challenge of designing general policies aimed at fostering technological transitions at the level of firms. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2412.11597 |
| By: | Annie Ouin (DYNAFOR - Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers - ENSAT - École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - INP - PURPAN - Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Aude Vialatte (DYNAFOR - Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers - ENSAT - École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - INP - PURPAN - Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Keywords: | Paysage, agroécologie, Solutions fondées sur la Nature, SfN, Gascogne |
| Date: | 2024–04–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04828816 |
| By: | Mahdi Awawda; Alexander Wimmers |
| Abstract: | The German site selection process for high-level nuclear waste was initially planned to conclude in 2031, with the deep geological repository sealed around the year 2080. However, in 2022, substantial delays were announced by the responsible federal agency, pushing the site selection to 2046 or even 2068. With this delay come uncertainties regarding the duration, consequential knowledge management, and funding. German nuclear waste management activities are funded by the external segregated fund KENFO, which is designed to ensure sufficient funding via generating returns on investments (ROI) in the coming decades. Given recent developments, we assess the adequacy of the fund volume based on seven scenarios depicting potential process delays. We find that the target ROI of 3.7% will not suffice in any case, even if the site selection concludes in 2031, and that cash injections of up to EUR31.07 billion are necessary today to ensure that the fund volume will suffice. We conclude that cost estimations must be updated, KENFO must increase its target ROIs, potential capital injections must be openly discussed by policymakers, and a procedural acceleration should be implemented to ensure that financial liabilities for nuclear waste management are minimized for future taxpayers. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2412.16126 |
| By: | Fabrice Levert (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Alapetite Julien (TerriFlux); Alliot Christophe (BASIC, Paris); Carel Yannick (ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris]); Courtonne Jean-Yves (STEEP - Sustainability transition, environment, economy and local policy - Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - LJK - Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Diot Valérie (IFIP - Institut du Porc); Dornier Xavier (IFCE, Arnac-Pompadour); Drogué Sophie (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Duflot Boris (IDELE - Institut de l'élevage); Fourdin Simon (ITAVI); Levet Anne-Laure (CTIFL - Centre Technique Interprofessionnel des Fruits et Légumes); Madelrieux Sophie (IRSTEA - Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture); Smadja Tiana (Terres Inovia) |
| Abstract: | Material flow diagrams are a visual representation of sector data that allows us to visualize the size of the relative flows between the different actors. The RéfFlux project (2022-2023) is a project whose purpose was, for different French sectors represented by their technical institutes, to equip themselves with a common methodology for representing public and expert data. This article presents the common approach adopted for the creation of a common reference framework for the different plant and animal sectors in a context of great diversity of data, actors, technologies and issues. We propose a reading grid for the diagrams that can be produced, in particular those posted online on the RMT FILARMONI website via 3 types of possible thematic analyses: questions of food sovereignty and sector dependency, questions of co-product flows linked to the bioeconomy and finally adaptation to household consumption, at home and outside the home. We show how this type of tool can contribute to informing the public debate by facilitating dialogue between stakeholders. The main objective of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of the origin and future of plant and animal production in France in order to inform the choices of public policies and private decision-makers. |
| Abstract: | Les diagrammes de flux de matières sont un mode de représentation des données de filière permettant de rendre visuel les liens qui relient les acteurs entre eux et leur importance. Le projet RéfFlux (2022-2023) est un projet dont la finalité était, pour différentes filières françaises représentées par leurs instituts techniques, d'harmoniser leur approche et de se doter d'une méthodologie commune de représentation des données publiques et expertes. Cet article présente la démarche adoptée pour la réalisation d'un référentiel commun aux différentes filières végétales et animales malgré la grande diversité des données, des acteurs, des procédés de transformation et des enjeux. Nous proposons une grille de lecture des diagrammes réalisables et notamment ceux mis en ligne sur le site web du RMT FILARMONI via 3 types d'analyses thématiques possibles : les questions de souveraineté alimentaire et de dépendance des filières, les questions de flux de coproduits en lien avec la bioéconomie et enfin l'adaptation à la consommation des ménages, à domicile et hors foyer... L'objectif principal de ce travail est de contribuer à une meilleure lecture sur l'origine et le devenir des productions végétales et animales en France afin d'éclairer les choix des politiques publiques et des décideurs privés. |
| Keywords: | Agri-food sectors, Sankey diagram, Biomass flow, Food dependency, Sovereignt, Bioeconomy, Food distribution, RéfFlux, Filières agro-alimentaires, Diagrammes de Sankey, Flux de matières, Dépendance alimentaire, Souveraineté, Bioéconomie, Distribution |
| Date: | 2024–12–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04844710 |
| By: | Edwige Landais (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Raphaël Pelloquin (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Elodie Maître D’hôtel (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Mai Truong Tuyet (NIN - National Institute of Nutrition); Nga Hoang Thu (NIN - National Institute of Nutrition); Yen Bui Thi Thao (NIN - National Institute of Nutrition); Ha Do Thi Phuong (NIN - National Institute of Nutrition); Trang Tran Thi Thu (NIN - National Institute of Nutrition); Jérôme Somé (IRSS - Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé - CNRST - Centre national de la recherche scientifique et technologique [Ouagadougou]); Christophe Béné (The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Cali] - Alliance - Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Rome] - CGIAR - Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR]); Eric O Verger (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement) |
| Abstract: | In a world rapidly transitioning, food consumption away from home is rising, therefore representing an increasing share of individual's diet. Food consumed away from home negatively impacts diet, nutritional status and consequently has detrimental effects on health. In some contexts, where individual level dietary intake surveys are not regularly conducted, this behavior is not well documented leading to a gap of knowledge. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate in Burkina Faso and Vietnam specific modules that could be added to Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys that are usually regularly conducted worldwide, in order to document the economic and nutritional importance of food consumption away from home. In each country, two survey modules, one long (100 food items) and one short (30 food items) were developed, to measure individual-level food consumption away from home over the last 7 days. The modules were relatively validated in comparison with data from three non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls conducted over the same 7-days period. The validation was conducted in different settings (urban, peri-urban and rural) in Burkina Faso (n = 924) and Vietnam (n = 918). In both countries, a good concordance between the 24-hour dietary recalls and the modules in their ability to identify a person as having consumed food away from home (>77%) was found. However, in both countries, both modules underestimate the mean energy intake coming from foods consumed away from home (from 122 to 408 kcal) while they overestimate the budget allocated to it (from -0.07 to -0.29 USD/day). None of developed food away from home modules were considered as valid. There is a need for the international community to continue to work on developing and validating tools capable to estimate nutritional intakes related to food consumption away from home and that could be added to regular national household-level surveys. |
| Keywords: | food consumed away from home, Vietnam, Burkina Faso, validation, module, assessment |
| Date: | 2024–12–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04815728 |
| By: | Pavinee Pongpunpurt (Chulalongkorn University [Bangkok], TBI - Toulouse Biotechnology Institute - INSA Toulouse - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - UT - Université de Toulouse - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Pascal Guiraud (TBI - Toulouse Biotechnology Institute - INSA Toulouse - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - UT - Université de Toulouse - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Ligia Barna (TBI - Toulouse Biotechnology Institute - INSA Toulouse - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - UT - Université de Toulouse - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Nattawin Chawaloesphonsiya (Chulalongkorn University [Bangkok]); Pisut Painmanakul (Chulalongkorn University [Bangkok]) |
| Abstract: | Analyse de l'impact de la récupération des ressources pour la gestion des déchets plastiques dans les centres commerciaux : Une étude de cas à Bangkok, Thaïlande |
| Keywords: | recyclage, plastique, centre commercial, acteurs, flux, ACV, économie |
| Date: | 2024–06–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04815518 |
| By: | Nadège Ianni (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon); Aurélie Kessous (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon); Pierre Valette-Florence (CERAG - Centre d'études et de recherches appliquées à la gestion - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores socially responsible consumption practices motivated by status. Nineteen mixed interviews were conducted with socially responsible consumers. Thematic analysis revealed four status-motivated practices, rooted in a marketing and philosophical conceptual framework. This behavior, driven by a search for exclusivity, is akin to snobbery and shows that effort generates status. The communication of status is established through educational transmission and sharing and concerns the reduction of consumption. |
| Abstract: | La présente communication propose d'explorer les pratiques de consommation socialement responsable motivées par le statut. Dix-neuf entretiens mixtes ont été conduits auprès de consommateurs socialement responsables. L'analyse thématique a fait émerger quatre pratiques motivées par une recherche de statut, ancrées dans un cadre conceptuel marketing et philosophique. Ce comportement orienté par une recherche d'exclusivité est apparenté à du snobisme et montre que l'effort génère du statut. La communication du statut s'établit par la transmission éducative et le partage et concerne également la réduction de la consommation. |
| Keywords: | socially responsible consumption; socially responsible conspicuous consumption; voluntary simplicity; cooperation; eco-philosophy, consommation socialement responsable ; consommation ostentatoire socialement responsable ; simplicité volontaire ; coopération ; éco-philosophie |
| Date: | 2024–12–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04834488 |
| By: | Michael Haylock; Martin Karlsson; Maksym Obrizan |
| Abstract: | Economic growth in Sweden during the early 20th Century was largely driven by industry. A significant contributor to this growth was the installation of different kinds of engines used to power factories. We use newly digitized data on engines and their energy source by industry sector, and combine this with municipality-level data of workers per industry sector to construct a new variable reflecting economic output using dirty engines. In turn, we assess the average externality of dirty output on mortality in the short-run, as defined by deaths over the population in the baseline year. Our results show substantial increases of up to 17% higher mortality in cities where large increases to dirty engine installations occurred, which is largely driven by the elderly. We also run a placebo test using clean powered industry and find no effect on mortality. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2412.01532 |
| By: | Aurélien Alfonsi (MATHRISK - Mathematical Risk Handling - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Inria de Paris - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, CERMICS - Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Mathématiques et Calcul Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées); Nerea Vadillo (CERMICS - Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Mathématiques et Calcul Scientifique - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées) |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a coupled model for day-ahead electricity prices and average daily temperature which allows to model quanto weather and energy derivatives. These products have gained on popularity as they enable to hedge against both volumetric and price risks. Electricity day-ahead prices and average daily temperatures are modelled through non homogeneous Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes driven by a Brownian motion and a Normal Inverse Gaussian Lévy process, which allows to include dependence between them. A Conditional Least Square method is developed to estimate the different parameters of the model and used on real data. Then, explicit and semi-explicit formulas are obtained for derivatives including quanto options and compared with Monte Carlo simulations. Last, we develop explicit formulas to hedge statically single and double sided quanto options by a portfolio of electricity options and temperature options (CDD or HDD). |
| Keywords: | Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR), Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM), Risk Management (q-fin.RM), FOS: Economics and business, Energy quanto options, Weather derivatives, Joint Temperature-Electricity model, Risk hedging |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04358505 |
| By: | Dorian Marchais (CRIEG - Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Economie Gestion - MSH-URCA - Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, REGARDS - Recherches en Economie Gestion Agroressources Durabilité et Santé - CRIEG - Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Economie Gestion - MSH-URCA - Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne); Dominique Roux (CRIEG - Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Economie Gestion - MSH-URCA - Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, REGARDS - Recherches en Economie Gestion Agroressources Durabilité et Santé - CRIEG - Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Economie Gestion - MSH-URCA - Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne) |
| Abstract: | While marketing seeks to generate economic value within territories by transforming certain natural spaces into tourist products, the representations and relationships to nature of the local populations that patronize these areas remain understudied. Focusing on forests as our empirical field, this study delves into the ontological foundations of the human-nature relationship among 29 French forest users (Descola, 2005). It highlights the naturalistic orientation of those who appreciate nature when it is shaped and domesticated by humans while also revealing a desire for reconnection with non-human entities that characterizes other informants with animistic, analogical and totemic inclinations. This research enhances our understanding of population expectations regarding naturalness and nature tourism and opens new avenues for both managers of these spaces and locals who frequent them. |
| Abstract: | Alors que le marketing cherche à créer de la valeur économique sur les territoires en transformant certains espaces naturels en produits touristiques, les perceptions des usagers de ces espaces et leurs relations à la nature demeurent sous-étudiées. Prenant la forêt comme terrain d'analyse, cette recherche analyse les fondements ontologiques de la relation homme-nature chez 29 usagers des forêts françaises (Descola, 2005). Elle montre l'orientation naturaliste de ceux qui valorisent une nature aménagée et domestiquée par l'homme, mais aussi le désir de reconnexion aux non-humains qui signe chez d'autres des orientations de type animique, analogique et totémique. Cette recherche enrichit la compréhension des attentes des populations en matière de naturalité et ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour les gestionnaires de ces espaces et les publics riverains qui les fréquentent. |
| Keywords: | natural spaces, value creation, Human-nature relationship, Relation homme-nature, espaces naturels, ontologies, création de valeur |
| Date: | 2024–06–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04764050 |
| By: | Pavinee Pongpunpurt (TBI - Toulouse Biotechnology Institute - INSA Toulouse - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - UT - Université de Toulouse - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Faculté d'ingénierie, Université Chulalongkorn, Bangkok 10330); Pascal Guiraud (TBI - Toulouse Biotechnology Institute - INSA Toulouse - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - UT - Université de Toulouse - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Ligia Barna (TBI - Toulouse Biotechnology Institute - INSA Toulouse - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - UT - Université de Toulouse - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Nattawin Chawaloesphonsiya (Faculté d'ingénierie, Université Chulalongkorn, Bangkok 10330); Pisut Painmanakul (Faculté d'ingénierie, Université Chulalongkorn, Bangkok 10330) |
| Abstract: | Stratégies de gestion circulaire des déchets plastiques : Une étude de cas à Bangkok, Thaïlande. |
| Keywords: | recyclage, plastique, centre commercial, acteurs |
| Date: | 2024–06–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04815555 |
| By: | Jeffrey P. Cohen; Violeta A. Gutkowski |
| Abstract: | Tornados’ impacts on real asset prices have not been extensively explored in a causal analysis framework. We estimate the effects of damage from a major tornado in Little Rock, AR on prices of nearby non-damaged residential real assets. We study how a typical home’s proximity to damaged properties might have led to a discount in the price of the subject property due to blight in the neighborhood. We focus on homes that sold between January 2022 and August 2024, and compare the effects of the March 31, 2023 tornado on sale prices for homes near versus far from damaged houses. For homes within 250 meters from a tornado-damaged home, our difference-in-differences estimates imply an average discount of 29 to 35 percent for all home sales, relative to those homes further away. These effects attenuate with greater distance from the damage points. The presence of additional damaged homes nearby lead to a significant house price discount in the range of 8 percent (within 250m) to 2 percent (within 500m). There is no additional significant discount for homes in lower-income Census block groups, implying homeowners who live in lower income neighborhoods do not perceive different real asset price effects of nearby tornado damage than other homeowners. |
| Keywords: | residential real asset prices; tornadoes; inequality |
| JEL: | R0 |
| Date: | 2024–12–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedlwp:99461 |
| By: | Spellerberg, Annette; Beckmann, Klaus J.; Bruck, Emilia M.; Engelke, Dirk; Hülz, Martina; Höffken, Stefan; Koch, Florian; Libbe, Jens; Memmel, Martin; Othengrafen, Frank; Reinecke, Eva Maria; Schweitzer, Eva |
| Abstract: | Der Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) schreitet in der Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung voran. Künstliche Intelligenz wird zunehmend in öffentlichen Verwaltungen eingesetzt, nicht zuletzt mit Chatbots wie ChatGPT, in der Verkehrssteuerung und bei Abwägungsprozessen in der formellen Landes- und Regionalplanung sowie Stadtplanung. Positive Wirkungen werden u. a. hinsichtlich der Effizienz in den Verwaltungen oder bei einer Krisenbewältigung, z. B. bei Extremwetterereignissen, erwartet. Risiken werden u. a. in Fragen der Transparenz, der Datenqualität und der Nachvollziehbarkeit der Verantwortlichkeiten für Entscheidungen gesehen. Das Positionspapier soll anregen, über Voraussetzungen für den Einsatz von KI, gesellschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen, Verantwortlichkeiten und Nutzen, aber auch über Resilienz insbesondere in öffentlichen Verwaltungen nachzudenken, die mit ihren Entscheidungen die räumliche Entwicklung prägen. Handlungsempfehlungen für die verantwortlichen Akteure in den Kommunen und in überörtlichen Planungsorganisationen runden den Beitrag ab. |
| Abstract: | The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in urban and regional development is advancing. Artificial intelligence is increasingly used by public administrations, not least in the form of chatbots such as ChatGPT, as part of traffic control management and in assessment processes in formal state and regional planning, and urban planning. Positive effects are expected, for example, in terms of administrative efficiency or in crisis management, e. g. in the event of extreme weather events. Perceived risks relate to issues of transparency, data quality and accountability for decisions. The position paper aims to encourage reflection on the requirements for the use of AI, the social framework conditions, the responsibilities and benefits, and the resilience of public administrations, whose decisions shape spatial development. The paper concludes with recommendations for action to be taken by the responsible actors in municipalities and in supra-local planning organisations. |
| Keywords: | Künstliche Intelligenz (KI), Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung, Verwaltung, Artificial intelligence (AI), urban and regional development, public administration |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:arlpos:308797 |
| By: | Sebastian Billows (IRISSO - Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Sciences Sociales - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Elizabeth Carter (UNH - University of New Hampshire); Marc-Olivier Déplaude (IRISSO - Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Sciences Sociales - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Loïc Mazenc (AGIR - AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - INP - PURPAN - Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Geneviève Nguyen (Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse, AGIR - AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - INP - PURPAN - Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); François Purseigle (AGIR - AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - INP - PURPAN - Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, ENSAT - École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse); Annie Royer (ULaval - Université Laval [Québec]); Allison Loconto (LISIS - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Université Gustave Eiffel) |
| Abstract: | Food standards, which are used to signal adherence to sustainability goals or a specific origin, have deep political implications. Standards crafted by retailers, processors, or third-party actors such as non-governmental organizations (NGOs) often disempower farmers. Moreover, due to the liberalization and globalization of many food value chains, producer organizations (POs) lost some of their legal privileges and market protections. This paper analyzes how POs in the Global North sought to regain their control over food markets by establishing their own standards. These strategies and their consequences are considered across three dimensions: the internal life of the PO, the relevant market institutions, and the relationship between the PO and the state. Our case studies ( N = 5) performed in France and in Québec, a French-speaking province of Canada, span across a variety of food sectors. Drawing on qualitative material, we designed our explanatory framework through an abductive, iterative method. Although standards crafted by POs have, in some cases, reshaped market institutions to their advantage and have repositioned them in the governance of food markets, they come at a cost. They may create tensions within POs and clash with the agrarian values of solidarity, democracy, and autonomy. Overall, this article challenges the assumption that food standards are mainly governed by private actors and sheds light on the new alliances and new identities of POs. |
| Keywords: | Producer organizations, Food standards, Market institutions, Governance : Sustainability |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04821902 |
| By: | Baldwin, Katherine; Williams, Brian; Turner, Dylan; Tsiboe, Francis; Raszap Skorbiansky, Sharon; Sichko, Christopher; Jones, Jordan W.; Toossi, Saied |
| Abstract: | This report is the 2023 edition of the annual U.S. Agricultural Policy Review series documenting developments in U.S. Federal policies related to production agriculture, agrofood value chains, and food and nutrition assistance. Most prominently, 2023 saw the expiration of many provisions of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (AIA; Public Law 115–334) at the end of fiscal year 2023, which were then extended through the end of fiscal year 2024 as part of the Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024 (Public Law 118–22). Developments specifically in the production agriculture domain were focused on disaster assistance, continuing to address supply chain challenges that emerged during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, improving and streamlining program delivery, and agricultural climate mitigation. Developments related to agrofood value chains have focused on increasing competition and transparency, enhancing resilience, and improving sustainability. Major changes in USDA food and nutrition assistance programs largely have related to the expiration of waivers and policies implemented in response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which expanded the scope and reach of the programs and allowed for flexibilities in their administration. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Climate Change, Crop Production/Industries, Dairy Farming, Livestock Production/Industries, Risk and Uncertainty, Supply Chain |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersib:349026 |
| By: | Jean-Bernard Marsat (INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Territoires - Territoires - AgroParisTech - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Etienne Polge (INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Territoires - Territoires - AgroParisTech - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne) |
| Abstract: | Pour les acteurs des destinations touristiques, les enjeux de la viabilité et du développement, passant par l'adéquation à une demande, mais aussi aux attentes d'autres parties prenantes, doivent être considérés dans une vision dynamique, non seulement celle du « cycle de vie » des destinations (Butler 2009), mais aussi celle de leur résilience si l'on met l'accent sur les turbulences de l'environnement. Les destinations sont des systèmes locaux qui font l'objet d'une gouvernance ou d'un management plus ou moins organisés. Le présent chapitre vise à approfondir la représentation d'un système touristique local pour aider à sa structuration et à sa gestion. Il s'inscrit dans la dualité adoptée par (Botti 2010), qui spécifie que « si l'un des facteurs de la touristicité se trouve dans les attractions du territoire, un autre déterminant fait appel à toutes ses parties prenantes ». Ce chapitre met ainsi l'accent : 1) sur la relation entre les attractions, les destinations, les aires de gouvernance, tous objets qui peuvent être imbriqués et emboîtés à plusieurs niveaux d'échelle spatiale, 2) sur les rôles que jouent les divers acteurs compte tenu de leurs fonctions, de leurs ressources, de leurs intentions. L'objectif est de contribuer à une gestion des sites et des destinations qui soit « robuste » c'est-à-dire en mesure de rester pertinente sous diverses appréciations et sous diverses conditions d'environnement (Roy 2002). Une étude de cas illustre le propos en se focalisant sur l'imbrication entre un site naturel emblématique et patrimonial, jouant le rôle d'attraction, et plusieurs destinations qui recoupent ou non le site. Une modélisation de cette imbrication sera proposée de même qu'une représentation du système d'acteurs multiples intervenant sur la gestion du site en tant qu'espace naturel et/ou en tant qu'attraction et intervenant ainsi sur la gestion des destinations concernées. |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04791077 |
| By: | Vincent Chatellier (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Hervé Guyomard (SDAR Bretagne Normandie - Services déconcentrés d'appui à la recherche Bretagne-Normandie - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Laurent Piet (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | This paper looks at the transformation of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) subsidies system over the period 1992 to 2023. After presenting the main stages in the structure of the CAP over the last thirty years, attention is drawn to the varying degrees of dependence of French farm income on direct subsidies. A critical analysis of the main orientations adopted for the post-2023 CAP is then proposed. |
| Abstract: | Cette communication traite de la transformation des modalités d'octroi des subventions de la Politique Agricole Commune (PAC) au cours de la période 1992 à 2023. Après avoir présenté les principales grandes étapes qui ont structuré la PAC depuis trente ans, une attention est portée à la plus ou moins grande dépendance du revenu des exploitations agricoles françaises aux aides directes. Une analyse critique des principales orientations arrêtées pour la PAC post 2023 est ensuite proposée. |
| Keywords: | CAP, Subsidies, Farms, Income, FADN, France, PAC, Subventions, Exploitations agricoles, Revenus, RICA |
| Date: | 2024–12–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04829621 |
| By: | Marie Kenza Bouhaddou (ESPI2R - Laboratoire ESPI2R Research in Real Estate [Lyon] - ESPI - Ecole Supérieure des Professions Immobilières, CRH - Centre de Recherche sur l'Habitat - LAVUE - Laboratoire Architecture, Ville, Urbanisme, Environnement - UP8 - Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis - ENSAPLV - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-La Villette - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - ENSA PVDS - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris Val-de-Seine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - MC - Ministère de la Culture); Laetitia Tuffery (CHROME - Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes - UNIMES - Université de Nîmes); Carmen Cantuarias- Villessuzanne (ESPI2R - Laboratoire ESPI2R Research in Real Estate [Paris] - ESPI - Ecole Supérieure des Professions Immobilières) |
| Keywords: | Agriculture urbaine, Ecoquartier, Services écosystémiques urbains, Solution fondée sur la nature. |
| Date: | 2024–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04811017 |
| By: | Jaller, Miguel; Thorne, James H.; Rivera-Royero, Daniel; Whitney, Jason; Hu, Alexander Kenichi; Saha, Ayush |
| Abstract: | This project examines multi-hazard risks and the performance of emergency evacuation routes in California using spatial synthesis, mapping, modeling, and performance analysis techniques. It enhances evacuation planning by analyzing road networks under natural hazard scenarios. Key tasks included: 1. Collecting and organizing evacuation route data for 190 cities, revealing that only 23 had comprehensive GIS maps, highlighting gaps in current planning. 2. Assessing road network performance under various hazards for 450 cities, identifying high-risk areas, and classifying cities based on risk levels and concentration. 3. Analyzing evacuation routes during the 2018 Camp and Thomas fires, using mathematical modeling and Omniscape to assess bottlenecks and evacuation efficiency. 4. Evaluating evacuation route performance for different population segments and proposing improvements, including using public transit for future wildfire evacuations. The findings provide actionable insights for improving emergency evacuation strategies in the state. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Risk, resilience, wildfire, multi-hazard, evacuation, California, spatial index |
| Date: | 2024–12–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt72f801mf |
| By: | Fahmida Khatun; Syed Yusuf Saadat; Preetilata Khondaker Huq; Ibnat Hasan |
| Abstract: | Gender equality is essential for the sustainable growth and development of a country. The Constitution of Bangladesh ensures equal opportunities for all citizens through Article 19(1). Article 28(1) explicitly protects women’s rights to equal treatment. Article 28(2) guarantees that women will have equal rights with men in public spheres, and Article 28(4) allows for special provisions to empower women as a traditionally disadvantaged group (Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, 1972) |
| Keywords: | Gender Budget, Gender equality, Women's empowerment, Sustainable development, Eighth Five Year Plan, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:pbrief:56 |
| By: | Gillian Foster (European Commission - JRC); Robert Marschinski (European Commission - JRC); Martin Calisto Friant; Beatrice Laipute; Thomas King; Thomas B. Fischer; Simonas Gausas; Austeja Svedkauskiene; Ella Langham |
| Abstract: | Socioeconomic impacts of Circular Economy (CE) policies, particularly those that are not easily quantifiable, are frequently overlooked. To address this shortcoming, a comprehensive Typology of Socioeconomic Impacts is developed in this work, which encompasses a wide range of identified impacts as well as providing insights into policy objectives, measures, economic sectors and products. The aim of this study is to offer lessons learned and recommendations to improve CE policymaking in the EU by making the scope and depth of socioeconomic impact assessments more comprehensive. It provides good practice examples from the literature analysed, EU impact assessments and evaluations as well as from international organisations, national and local governments and civil society. |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc140305 |