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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Campiglio, Emanuele; Spiganti, Alessandro; Wiskich, Anthony |
| Abstract: | Access to finance is a major barrier to clean innovation. We incorporate a financial sector in a directed technological change model, where research firms working on different technologies raise funding from financial intermediaries at potentially different costs. We show that, in addition to a rising carbon tax and a generous but short-lived clean research subsidy, optimal climate policies include a clean finance subsidy directly aimed at reducing the financing cost differential across technologies. The presence of an endogenous financing experience effect induces stronger mitigation efforts in the short-term to accelerate the convergence of heterogeneous financing costs. This is achieved primarily through a carbon price premium of 39% in 2025, relative to a case with no financing costs. |
| Keywords: | carbon tax; endogenous growth; green financial policy; innovation policy; low-carbon transition; optimal climate policy; sustainable finance |
| JEL: | H23 O31 Q55 Q58 G18 |
| Date: | 2024–11–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:126063 |
| By: | Twarath SUTABUTR |
| Abstract: | Thailand is a developing country with a growing economy, which has led to increased energy consumption and carbon emissions. To tackle this issue, the Royal Thai Government has implemented several policies and initiatives to reduce the country’s carbon footprint and promote sustainable development. Carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS) has just become one of Thailand’s policies to help push a low-carbon agenda and to enable net-zero emissions in 2065. The Thailand National Committee on Climate Change Policy approved the establishment of the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Steering Committee, which initiated the technology applications for the country’s first CCUS. The committee’s mission is to accelerate the actions that can mitigate climate impacts by applying CCUS technology in the energy and industry sectors, leveraging the knowledge and experiences in the petroleum exploration and production industry. This first CCUS pilot project, originally initiated by a team in the PTT Group, is the Thailand CCUS HUB Project. This paper summarises the conceptual design and actions required to start implementing the project. |
| Keywords: | carbon capture, CCUS policy, CCUS hub, CCUS development, Thailand |
| Date: | 2024–06–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:dp-2024-08 |
| By: | Mekuria, Wolde (International Water Management Institute); Hagos, Fitsum (International Water Management Institute); Nigussie, Likimyelesh (International Water Management Institute); Admasu, W.; Bitew, A. |
| Keywords: | Landscape conservation; Water management; Climate change adaptation; Households; River basins; Watersheds; Small-scale irrigation; Vulnerability; Natural resources; Forest landscape restoration |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052701 |
| By: | Ghosh, Surajit (International Water Management Institute); Holmatov, Bunyod (International Water Management Institute); Rajakaruna, Punsisi (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Greenhouse gas emissions; Estimation; Hydropower; Reservoirs; Climate change mitigation; Sustainability; Frameworks; Bibliometric analysis; Policies |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052593 |
| By: | Urban, Patricia; Nipius, Luca; Egenhofer, Christian |
| Abstract: | The nascent green steel industry requires increased demand to grow and a stable market to facilitate investments and to scale up production sites. Simultaneously, the automotive industry can use green steel’s environmental benefits to reduce its carbon footprint, as a large share of the industry’s emissions stem from the different steel components used in the construction of vehicles. Accounting for around 12 % of global steel consumption but potentially being able to pass on the price of a ‘green steel premium’ to its end consumers, the automotive industry is uniquely positioned to create demand for green steel without having to rely on public subsidies. This CEPS In-Depth Analysis investigates different policy options that could trigger more demand for green steel from the automotive industry. We analysed various multi-stakeholder initiatives as well as a range of policy options in terms of their potential to facilitate such demand. While multi-stakeholder initiatives have been important for industry cooperation and creating awareness for green steel within the automotive industry, the differences between their definitions and standards make it difficult to compare the various kinds of low-carbon steel. This may therefore reduce their potential to stimulate demand. The need for common EU standards for green steel has emerged as a crucial prerequisite for many policy options. Against the backdrop of carbon pricing and sustainable finance, creating transparency (e.g. through reporting activities) may indirectly induce demand for low-emissions steel among vehicle manufacturers. However, introducing a set target for reduced material emissions would likely have the largest potential to drive change. There are several policy options that could have scope to introduce such a target. Still, many uncertainties remain on how such a target could be designed and implemented, and policymakers will need to address some inherent conflicts. For example, obliging manufacturers to use a certain share of green steel for producing a vehicle may instead incentivise them to switch to other materials. Trying to regulate a vehicle’s overall carbon footprint could have a similar impact. Carmakers could achieve the necessary emissions reductions by using other materials while continuing to buy conventionally produced steel. This would not stimulate demand for green steel. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eps:cepswp:42024 |
| By: | Glenk, Gunther (U of Mannheim and MIT); Meier, Rebecca (U of Mannheim); Reichelstein, Stefan (U of Mannheim and Stanford U) |
| Abstract: | Companies in various industries are under growing pressure to assess the costs of decarbonizing their operations. This paper develops a generic abatement cost concept to identify the cost-efficient combination of technological and operational changes firms would need to implement to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions from current production processes. The abatement cost curves resulting from our framework further serve as a decision tool for managers to determine the optimal abatement levels in the presence of environmental regulations, such as carbon pricing. We calibrate our model in the context of European cement producers that must obtain emission permits under the European Emission Trading System (EU ETS). We find that a price of €85 per ton of carbon dioxide (CO2), as observed on average in 2023 under the EU ETS, incentivizes firms to reduce their annual direct emissions by about one-third relative to the status quo. Yet, this willingness to abate emissions increases sharply if carbon price were to rise above the €100 per ton of CO2 benchmark. |
| JEL: | M1 O33 Q42 Q52 Q54 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecl:stabus:4202 |
| By: | Toman, Michael A. (Resources for the Future); Joiner, Emily (Resources for the Future); Lohawala, Nafisa (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines possibilities for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from aviation through alternative aviation fuels with lower life-cycle emissions. After discussing various technological options for such fuels, the paper considers how various policies in the United States and other countries affect their production and usage. The paper also outlines a possible policy mechanism for reducing the carbon intensity of aviation fuel in the United States and highlights important questions that must be addressed to increase the use of low-carbon fuels. |
| Date: | 2024–11–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-24-20 |
| By: | Kevin T. Smiley; Ilan Noy; Michael F. Wehner; Christopher C. Sampson; Oliver E.J. Wing; KayLynn Larrison |
| Abstract: | The role climate change plays in increasing the burden on governments and insurers to pay for recovery is an area not examined by extreme event attribution research. To study these impacts, we examine the impacts of climate change attributed flooding on federal disaster aid disbursement in Harris County, Texas following Hurricane Harvey. Our approach uses flood models to estimate in dollars the amount of flood damages not attributable to climate change and the amount of flood damages attributable to climate change under two climate change attribution scenarios estimated in peer reviewed studies (20% and 38% additional rainfall due to climate change). These estimates are combined with census tract-level disbursement data for FEMA’s National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and the Individual Assistance (IA) part of the Individuals and Households Program. We employ spatial lag regression models and estimate direct and spatial spillover effects to analyze the relationship between a tract’s flood damages – both attributed and not attributed to climate change – and federal disaster aid. We find that both types of flood damage shape federal aid disbursements, with impacts varying based on the percentage of rainfall attributed to climate change and the specific aid program. Our discussion centers on how these differences might reflect what we term “typical” and “(a)typical” flooding. |
| Keywords: | extreme weather attribution, federal disaster aid, FEMA, NFIP, Hurricane Harvey |
| JEL: | Q54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11435 |
| By: | Hatsor, Limor; Hashimzade, Nigar; Jelnov, Artyom |
| Abstract: | Recent antitrust regulations in several countries have granted exemptions for col- lusion aimed at achieving environmental goals. Firms can apply for exemptions if collusion helps to develop or to implement costly clean technology, particularly in sec- tors like renewable energy, where capital costs are high and economies of scale are significant. However, if the cost of the green transition is unknown to the competition regulator, firms might exploit the exemption by fixing prices higher than necessary. The regulator faces the decision of whether to permit collusion and whether to commission an investigation of potential price fixing, which incurs costs. We fully characterise the equilibria in this scenario that depend on the regulator’s belief about the high cost of green transition. If the belief is high enough, collusion will be allowed. We also identify conditions under which a regulator’s commitment to always investigate price fixing is preferable to making discretionary decisions. |
| Keywords: | policy; antitrust; collusion; environment |
| JEL: | F0 G38 K21 Q52 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122611 |
| By: | Hatsor, Limor; Jelnov, Artyom |
| Abstract: | The premise of industrial symbiosis (IS) is that advancing a circular economy that reuses byproducts as inputs in production is valuable for the environment. We challenge this premise in a simple model. Ceteris paribus, IS is an environmentally friendly approach; however, implementing IS may introduce increased pollution into the market equilibrium. The reason for this is that producers’ incentives for recycling can be triggered by the income gained from selling recycled waste in the secondary market, and thereby may not align with environmental protection. That is, producers may boost production (and subsequent pollution) to sell byproducts without internalizing the pollution emitted in the primary industry or the recycling process. We compare the market solution to the social optimum and identify a key technology parameter (the share of reused byproducts) that may have mutual benefits for firms, consumers, and the environment. |
| Keywords: | circular economics; industrial symbiosis; pollution; environmental policy |
| JEL: | L11 Q5 Q52 Q53 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122612 |
| By: | RICCI Mattia (European Commission - JRC); PEREZ DOMINGUEZ Ignacio (European Commission - JRC); HRISTOV Jordan (European Commission - JRC); VANDYCK Toon (European Commission - JRC); VAN HOUTVEN Stijn (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Although agriculture is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions, the sector remains out of scope for greenhouse gas (GHG) pricing policies. To align the future food system with the transition to net zero emissions, two key questions arise: To what extent can tax policies help achieving this transition in a fair and effective way? And, would it be preferable to levy a GHG tax on the production or the consumption side? We employ an EU agro-economic model to compare production and consumption-side GHG taxes and to quantify their environmental impact. We find that supply-side pricing in agriculture displays leakage rates of over 40% and leaves EU producers in a situation of competitive disadvantage; on the other hand, demand-side measures level the playing field in the Single Market and generate positive leakage as they boost the export of (greener) EU producers. Focussing on four countries – Spain, France, Romania and Poland – we therefore consider a real-world reform based on adjusting Value-Added Taxes to reflect climate change externalities. Using microsimulation techniques and household-level data we show that - while this reform can generate reductions in emissions - is regressive without complementary measures. Feebate and equal-per-capita revenue recycling address equity concerns and produce welfare gains for the majority of the population, while the top 20-30% of meat consumers experiences welfare losses. Overall, findings suggest that price-based measures can help align agriculture with climate goals but trade and equity aspects should be reflected in policy design. |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:taxref:202410 |
| By: | Amadei, Claudia; Dosi, Cesare; Pintus, Francesco Jacopo |
| Abstract: | The decoupling of energy-related carbon emissions from economic growth has been mostly driven by reductions of the energy intensity of GDP, which can be attributed either to changes in countries’ economic structure or within-sector energy-efficiency improvements. One question is whether observed reductions in energy intensity may stem from shifts to less energy-intensive sectors without equivalent changes in consumption patterns, raising uncertainty on their true impact on global decarbonization. This paper aims to empirically investigate this mechanism in a panel of 15 OECD countries. First, using an Index Decomposition Analysis (IDA) including an offshoring factor, we show that structural changes in the production side have generally been unmatched with similar changes in consumption patterns. We then proxy a “demand-invariant structural change” in a Bayesian Structural Panel VAR model, by exploiting a novel measure given by the divergence between consumption-based and production-based carbon emissions. We find that shocks in this divergence measure are efficiently associated with demand-invariant structural changes and persistently and significantly reduce national energy intensity. Taken together, our results support the thought that caution should be taken when using production-based indicators to assess a country’s contribution to global carbon mitigation. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Environmental Economics and Policy, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2024–11–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:348101 |
| By: | Basile Michel (PLACES - EA 4113 - PLACES - Laboratoire de géographie et d'aménagement - CY - CY Cergy Paris Université, ESO - Espaces et Sociétés - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UM - Le Mans Université - UA - Université d'Angers - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Univ - IGARUN - Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Humanités - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Aurélien Martineau (PLACES - EA 4113 - PLACES - Laboratoire de géographie et d'aménagement - CY - CY Cergy Paris Université, ESO - Espaces et Sociétés - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UM - Le Mans Université - UA - Université d'Angers - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Univ - IGARUN - Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Humanités - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Shaka Ponk's decision to stop the band for ecological reasons illustrates the environmental impasse in which contemporary music finds itself. Despite the recent proliferation of "green" initiatives, the sector is still dominated by a model that causes significant socio-environmental degradation. But alternative experiments are emerging... |
| Abstract: | L'arrêt du groupe Shaka Ponk pour des raisons écologiques illustre les impasses dans lesquelles sont empêtrées les musiques actuelles sur le plan environnemental. Malgré la multiplication récente des initiatives "vertes", le secteur reste pour l'instant dominé par un modèle qui cause d'importantes dégradations socio-environnementales. Mais des expérimentations alternatives émergent… |
| Keywords: | music, ecology, artist, music event, ecological crisis, musique, écologie, artiste, événement musical, crise écologique |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04771139 |
| By: | Alice Pizzo (Copenhagen Business School); Christina Gravert (Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen); Jan M. Bauer (Copenhagen Business School); Lucia Reisch (University of Cambridge, Judge Business School) |
| Abstract: | We examine the impact of a carbon tax on consumer choices via a large-scale online randomized controlled trial. Higher taxes generally reduce the demand for high-carbon goods. Compared to an import tax, a carbon tax reduces demand when the tax is zero (i.e., announced but not levied) but shows relatively higher demand for high-carbon goods when a positive tax is introduced. This contradiction of basic price theory is entirely driven by climate-concerned consumers. Our findings suggest that carbon taxes can crowd out climate concerns, leading to important implications for policy. |
| Keywords: | Behavioral response; Carbon pricing; Climate change; Experiment; Moral licensing. |
| JEL: | Q58 C90 D03 D90 Q50 Q51 |
| Date: | 2024–11–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kud:kucebi:2416 |
| By: | Salah Eddine Benziouche (University of Biskra Mohamed Khider); Salim Khechai (University of Biskra Mohamed Khider); Foued Cheriet (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Pôle Vigne et Vin - L'Institut Agro - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - Institut Agro Dijon - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Since antiquity, with transhumant breeding, the cultivation of the date palm has been the main agricultural vector around which social and economic activities are articulated in oasis regions. The conduct of this culture is guided by a specific and complex technical itinerary. The objective of the present study aims to identify and characterize the main sustainable agricultural practices within the palm groves of the Ziban in south–eastern Algeria and the sensitivity of date palm farmers to environmental practices as well as their degree of adaptation. Our study is based on face-to-face surveys conducted among 50 producers among 10 date palm areas in the region. It brings to light that despite the production developments, date palm farming in this region remains dominated by extensive and traditional agriculture, either due to a lack of means, knowledge, or environmental commitment. As a result, several sustainable practices remain widely shared in the majority of palm groves. Similarly, it appears that several larger and newly established producers are committed to these new practices which have various objectives in particular, to protect the environment, and to sustain the culture and the quality of the products. |
| Keywords: | Date palm, Ziban, Agricultural practices, Sustainability, Environment, Technical itinerary |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04766868 |
| By: | Asuamah Yeboah, Samuel |
| Abstract: | This research examines the challenges and barriers that Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) face in implementing sustainable building initiatives in developing countries. The study addresses financial, regulatory, technical, risk management, and social-environmental factors that influence the success of PPPs in the construction of sustainable buildings. Drawing from a comprehensive review of existing literature and case studies, the study highlights key issues such as high upfront costs, uncertain returns, limited access to financing, technological risks, and weak regulatory frameworks. By integrating theoretical frameworks like the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), the research explores the interplay between these challenges and the factors that hinder the effectiveness of PPPs in sustainable building projects. The findings underscore the need for improved capacity building, enhanced regulatory enforcement, and better risk management strategies. Policy recommendations are provided to address the gaps and improve the overall effectiveness of PPPs in promoting sustainable development in the built environment. Finally, the study outlines directions for future research to further explore the evolving dynamics of PPPs in sustainable construction and their potential role in achieving sustainable development goals. |
| Keywords: | Financial constraints, regulatory issues, technical expertise, risk management, social impact, and environmental sustainability |
| JEL: | K32 L33 L74 O13 O18 Q56 R52 |
| Date: | 2024–10–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122667 |
| By: | Timothé Beaufils; Joschka Wanner; Leonie Wenz |
| Abstract: | The European Union (EU) is implementing a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) at its borders, which will require exporters of basic materials to surrender emission permits when exporting to the EU market. Since it makes foreign producers compete under a carbon price, the EU CBAM may motivate some trade partners to implement their own carbon pricing mechanisms, thereby encouraging the creation of a coalition of countries with ambitious carbon pricing policies protected by a joint CBAM. Such geostrategic potential of the EU CBAM has been identified in previous literature, but the conditions under which it could be realised remain largely unknown. Here, we present a modelling framework to simulate the potential of CBAMs to motivate the creation of climate coalitions. We use a fully interlinked New Quantitative Trade model to evaluate the pay-offs of a dynamic club negotiation model. Compared to previous research, our approach allows for a more granular definition of climate policies and requires relatively little input data and numerical power. This allows us to explore the formation and stability of climate coalitions under a broader range of CBAM implementation options. Our results highlight that the potential of a CBAM-based climate coalition strongly depends on the exact CBAM design. In its current version, the EU CBAM would only trigger the formation of a modest coalition. Future extensions of the EU CBAM could motivate the adoption of carbon pricing in all countries except China, India and Russia. Meanwhile, export rebates shrink its coalition-building potential. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Border Adjustment, climate policy, international trade, climate cooperation, climate clubs |
| JEL: | C68 F18 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11429 |
| By: | Greer, Fiona PhD; Bin Thaneya, Ahmad; Apte, Joshua PhD; Rakas, Jasenka PhD; Horvath, Arpad PhD |
| Abstract: | California must build, operate, and maintain transportation infrastructure while ensuring that the health of communities and the planet are not compromised. In addition to vehicleemissions, supply chain inputs and energy use from constructing and maintaining transportation projects (e.g., roads, airports, bridges) result in pollution that contributes to climate change and impacts the health of local communities. Project-specific air and noise pollution can further burden vulnerable populations. By assessing transportation projects using a life-cycle perspective, all relevant emission sources and activities from raw material production, supply chain logistics, construction, operation, maintenance, and end-of-life phases of a project can be analyzed and mitigated. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2024–11–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt5tg2b0dp |
| By: | Moustafa Feriga; Mancy Lozano Gracia; Pieter Serneels |
| Abstract: | This paper identifies five areas where climate change may impact work and draws lessons for developing countries by reviewing the evidence. Firstly, demand for labor is unevenly affected, with agriculture, heat-exposed manufacturing, and the brown energy sector experiencing downturns, while other sectors may see a rise, resulting in an uncertain overall impact. Secondly, climate change impacts labor supply through absenteeism, shirking, and altering work-time patterns, depending on the activity and sector. Thirdly, productivity may decline, especially in heat-exposed industries, primarily due to health reasons. Fourthly, heightened earnings variability likely increases vulnerability among the self-employed. Fifthly, climate change can influence labor allocation and catalyze sectoral reallocation. Higher temperatures are also linked to increased migration. But caution is needed in interpreting these findings, as studies across these topics predominantly use fixed effect estimation and concentrate on short-term impacts, neglecting adaptation. Emerging research on adaptation indicates that workplace cooling is unappealing for firms with narrow profit margins, while coping strategies of farms and households have unclear optimality due to adoption barriers. Government responses remain understudied, with six potential areas identified: green jobs, green skills, labor-oriented adaptation, flexible work regulation, labor market integration, and social protection. The paper concludes by outlining future research directions. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csa:wpaper:2024-02 |
| By: | Harstad, Bard (Stanford U); Kessler, Anke (Simon Fraser U) |
| Abstract: | We study how international agreements can take advantage of domestic time-inconsistency problems in the context of environmental policies. For example, policymakers will prefer future policies to be sustainable, but find it tempting to raise consumption when being in office. We find the equilibrium number of signatory countries to be higher than when preferences are time consistent, especially when the political environment is unstable and polarized, and the international spillovers are limited. In contrast to the traditional literature, the model can also explain why countries sign conventions with mandates that do not vary with the coalition size. |
| JEL: | F53 H87 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecl:stabus:4210 |
| By: | Domenico Villano (University of Florence); Laura Colli (University of Florence); Federico Martellozzo (University of Florence); Sara Lombardi (University of Florence) |
| Abstract: | Climate change is causing significant disruptions to the socio-ecological systems in which organisations operate. To navigate these turbulent times, businesses must develop robust strategies to manage climate-related risks and uncertainties. In this context, climate adaptation and climate resilience are no longer peripheral concerns but central to organisational viability and competitive advantage. This SLR examines a decade of research on business climate adaptation and resilience, spanning from 2013 to 2023. Employing a novel methodological framework that integrates bibliometric techniques and machine learning methods, this review synthesises the evolution of theoretical and empirical studies in the field. It identifies key themes, including sector-specific adaptation strategies, resilience-building approaches, and knowledge gaps across industries. The findings highlight the uneven growth in research across different sectors and underscore the urgent need for long-term strategic planning to enhance climate resilience. This paper provides valuable insights for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers, guiding future research and informing strategies for improving business responses to climate change. |
| Keywords: | climate adaptation, climate resilience, Systematic Literature Review, business resilience, climate change |
| JEL: | Q54 Q56 M19 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:frz:wpmmos:wp2024_01.rdf |
| By: | Nigussie, Likimyelesh (International Water Management Institute); Joshi, Deepa (International Water Management Institute); Tsegaye, B.; Admasu, W.; Abate, N. |
| Keywords: | Gender equality; Social inclusion; Climate change; Water management; Smallholders; Farmers; Small-scale irrigation; Women's empowerment |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052586 |
| By: | Arisona Lestari Billah (School of Business and Management, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Deddy P Koesrindartoto Author-2-Workplace-Name: School of Business and Management, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 40116 Indonesia Author-3-Name: Taufik Faturohman Author-3-Workplace-Name: School of Business and Management, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 40116 Indonesia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - The integration of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria into investment portfolios has emerged as a critical field of study, underscoring the interconnectedness between financial markets and global sustainability objectives. Methodology/Technique - This systematic literature review analyzes 157 academic documents, focusing on ESG portfolio optimization methodologies and identifying emerging trends. Key methods reviewed include genetic algorithms, dynamic optimization models, multi-objective optimization frameworks, and machine learning techniques. Findings - Despite considerable advancements, gaps remain, such as the need for broader application across diverse markets and asset classes, improved risk-return assessments, and standardized ESG data reporting. Future research should also investigate the role of central banks and regulators in fostering sustainable finance. Novelty - By addressing these gaps, stakeholders can better align investment practices with sustainability goals, contributing to a more resilient and inclusive global economy. Type of Paper - Review" |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Investment, Sustainable Finance, ESG Portfolio Performance, ESG Risk Management, ESG Portfolio Optimization |
| JEL: | G11 Q56 G28 G32 |
| Date: | 2024–09–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:afr236 |
| By: | Harstad, Bard (Stanford U); Holtsmark, Katinka (U of Oslo) |
| Abstract: | We analyze a fundamental dilemma and time-inconsistency problem facing a climate coalition producing natural gas. In the short term, it is tempting to export more to outcompete coal. When this policy is anticipated, however, investments in renewables fall and emissions ultimately increase. When the coalition cannot pre-commit, its policies will be counterproductive. We discuss the robustness of this result and possible solutions. If the coalition can invest directly in renewables, for instance, the incentive to maintain a high price on exports can mitigate the temptation to reduce the price to outcompete coal. Under certain conditions, the commitment outcome can be implemented. |
| JEL: | F18 H23 Q55 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecl:stabus:4205 |
| By: | Iorio, Roberto (CELPE - CEnter for Labor and Political Economics, University of Salerno, Italy); D'Amore, Rosamaria (Link Campus University, Department of Human Sciences); Lubrano Lavadera, Giuseppe (Link Campus University, Department of Human Sciences) |
| Abstract: | Analyzing data from the 2020 Community Innovation Survey for Italy, we study the phenomenon of eco-innovation, that is the introduction of Innovations With Environmental Benefits (IWEBs). We aim to give an idea of the attitude of firms towards the changes deriving from climate change, of the magnitude of ecoinnovation phenomenon in Italy, of the benefits deriving from eco-innovations, of the reasons that induce firms to introduce them. We analyze whether and to what extent the importance attributed to environmental factors is effectively translated in the introduction of IWEBs, if and how the importance given to different motivations for introducing an IWEB is related to the number of benefits it generates. We also study if and how some characteristics of the firms, like sector, size, human capital, have a relationship with the probability to introduce an IWEB, both directly and influencing the motivations related to the eco-innovation. |
| Keywords: | Environmental economics; Eco-innovations; Determinants of innovation |
| JEL: | O31 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–11–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sal:celpdp:0169 |
| By: | Urban, Patricia; Rizos, Vasileios; Ounnas, Alexandre; Kassab, Amin; Kalantaryan, Hayk |
| Abstract: | In recent years, the concept of green jobs has been the focus of increasing attention from both policy and research circles. At the EU policy level, the green transition is seen as an opportunity to create jobs in existing and emerging economic sectors. The need for re- and upskilling workers to ensure a socially just green and digital transition is also increasingly being highlighted in the policy debate. Despite this renewed surge in interest, partly propelled by the necessity to mitigate the impacts of the climate crisis as well as external shocks such as the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the notion of green jobs is not a recent one. A large number of different approaches to how green jobs can be defined and classified have been put forward in the past few decades. While these definitions and taxonomies display certain overlaps, often in terms of a focus on jobs in the Environmental Goods and Services Sector, key analytical differences compromise the comparability of assessments. These differences along with gaps identified in existing definitions and frameworks have exposed the need to create a novel taxonomy for green jobs. Combining various elements of these approaches in a quantifiable, and thus practically applicable, manner, this report develops an integrated taxonomy based on four pillars: inputs, outputs, processes, and job quality. The use of different indicators to operationalise these pillars aims to enable more accurate assessments and comparison of case studies, to support policymaking in this area. A number of different strategies and policies that incorporate green jobs elements have been launched, at the EU level as well as by Member States and internationally, in the past couple of years. In line with other recent policy developments, most of these initiatives focus on developing skills for the green transition. In addition, many strategies incorporate a social dimension to green jobs, aiming to ensure that vulnerable groups are protected in the green transition. Tackling the creation and retention of green jobs while phasing out brown jobs may profit from a more integrated approach that goes beyond skills, while also taking into account the greenness of work processes, outputs and supply chain inputs, as put forward by this report. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eps:cepswp:40726 |
| By: | Huang, Kaixing; Zhang, Peng |
| Abstract: | Existing studies generally use ``aggregate'' temperature measures, such as mean temperature, degree-days, temperature bins, and piece-wise linear function within the growing season, to estimate the impact of global warming on crop yield. These temperature measures blend temperatures from different phenological stages of crop growth and thus implicitly assume that temperatures are additively substitutable within the growing season. However, this assumption contrasts with agronomic knowledge that crops are more sensitive to temperatures in certain phenological stages. Utilizing a unique site-level data on the detailed phenological stages of major crops in China, combined with crop production data and daily weather data, we develop an econometric model with stage-specific temperature measures. We then compare our estimates with models using traditional aggregate temperature measures, and find that adopting an aggregate temperature measure could overestimate the damage of global warming on crop yield up to two times that estimated using stage-specific temperature measures. |
| Keywords: | Global warming, crop yield, temperature measure, crop phenological stages |
| JEL: | Q15 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122600 |
| By: | Gavriilidis, Gaby; METAXAS, THEODORE |
| Abstract: | Madrid Nuevo Norte (MNNP) is an urban redevelopment project applied in the city of Madrid in Spain. It will occupy an area of 3.3 million square meters and will modify a large part of the northern area of the city. New public spaces, office buildings, commercial areas, homes, infrastructure, and green areas will be created. In relation to this, the aim of this paper was to examine the expected symbolic value of MNNP for the community of Madrid. For that purpose, questionnaires were handed out to 147 professionals relevant to the urban development of the Spanish capital (urban planners, architects, engineers, academics, project managers, sustainability consultants, real estate managers, etc.). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques were applied to analyze data. The results firstly indicated that the symbolic value of MNNP is reflected in the overall success and performance of the Mega project as well as in its acceptance from the citizens of Madrid. Critical aspects in this context are affordable housing for potential residents, satisfaction of the community from the establishment of the project, public approval, deliverables in line with expected targets, ability of local authorities to effectively manage MNNP and project completion within budget. MNNP incorporates considerable symbolic value for the citizens of Madrid. Its value is reflected mainly in economic and social terms. However, the overall value of the project will be significantly enhanced if environmental concerns are considered. Then, the sustainable character of the project will be underscored, revealing the necessity of Mega projects to be aligned with the principles of sustainable development. The findings of the study are expected to help local agencies and actors to assess the symbolic value of Mega projects, such as MNNP, in creating sustainable city schemes, contributing to the fair and equitable development of European metropoles. |
| Keywords: | Madrid Nuevo Norte (MNNP), Urban development, Madrid, Symbolic value, Sustainability, Mega Projects. |
| JEL: | R38 R52 R58 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122503 |
| By: | Sakshi Bhayana; Biswajit Nag |
| Abstract: | This study explores whether the Global Value Chain(GVC) participation of 16 emerging market economies (EMEs) from 1995 to 2018 in the manufacturing sector leads to a rise in carbon emissions embodied in trade. The study covers the ecological dimension of the Global Value Chain and validates the Pollution Haven Hypothesis in developing nations.To address the problem of cross-sectional dependence, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity panels, we estimate the above models using the feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) method. Our findings exhibit a continuous growth in carbon emissions of all the EMEs, there exists a positive association between GVC participation and domestic CO2 emissions embodied in gross exports. Also, EMEs' foreign carbon emissions embodied in gross exports directly correlate with backward GVC Participation, suggesting that the cleaner environment in developed countries comes at the expense of a dirtier environment in developing countries. |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2411.02963 |
| By: | Saleth, R. M.; Ait El Mekki, A.; Amarasinghe, Upali A. (International Water Management Institute); Amarnath, Giriraj (International Water Management Institute); Brouziyne, Youssef (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Climate resilience; Transformation; Governance; Rural welfare; Policies; Infrastructure; Food production; Food security; Food prices; Public-private partnerships |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052461 |
| By: | Cameron , Lisa (University of Melbourne); Huang, An (Monash University); Santos, Paulo (Monash University); Thomas , Milan (Asian Development Bank) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates behavioral adaptation to local improvements in environmental quality. Using exogenous variation in village sanitation coverage generated by the randomized allocation of financial incentives to latrine construction in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, we find that the generalized adoption of improved sanitation led to significant reductions in the practice of boiling water for drinking. Our analysis suggests that this change is likely a behavioral response to a reduction in the health benefits associated with treating water, which decline and eventually become negligible as local adoption of improved sanitation increases. Estimates of the value of time savings associated with the reduction in water boiling suggest that this adaptation is an additional important benefit of sanitation investments, most of which likely accrues to girls and women. |
| Keywords: | WASH; water boiling; height-for-age; firewood collection |
| JEL: | I12 O15 Q50 |
| Date: | 2024–11–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0751 |
| By: | Maria Francesca Mercedes D. Grabador (School of Economics, University of the Philippines Diliman) |
| Abstract: | Water is critical not only to economic progress and sustainable development but most importantly, to human survival. Yet, the way water is valued suggests an inexhaustible supply, when the opposite is true. This paper examines if water rights in the Philippines are underpriced and looks at how these can be valued at full economic cost. It finds that water resources in the Philippines are essentially given no value since the administrative cost-recovery approach is used to determine fees for water permits and water charges. Moreover, through the analysis of different pricing models used in other countries’ water markets, this study also presents the core components of an economic pricing model for water rights. While the establishment of water markets may represent the first best solution to water scarcity, it is an ideal solution in an ideal setting; thus, second and third best solutions are also presented. The study concludes that while it is not possible to immediately price water rights at its full economic cost, it may be done gradually, starting with the adoption of volumetric pricing and strengthening the institutional capacity of the National Water Resources Board (NWRB). |
| Keywords: | water permits, water rights, water rights trading, water rights markets, economic pricing models forwater rights, water resource management, volumetric pricing |
| JEL: | Q21 Q25 Q28 O53 O57 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phs:dpaper:202402 |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | The OECD Recommendation on Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and the Environment was adopted in 2010 and recognised the link between digital technologies and environmental sustainability. Today, advances in digital technologies underscore their growing role in achieving climate resilience. At the same time, digital technologies and their underlying infrastructure have an environmental footprint that must be managed. This report takes stock of technology and policy developments since the adoption of the Recommendation and provides a gap analysis and assessment of its relevance, concluding that the Recommendation remains relevant and identifying areas for revision. |
| Keywords: | environment, information and communication technologies, Recommendation of the Council on Information and Communication Technologies and the Environment |
| Date: | 2024–11–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stiaab:370-en |
| By: | Arth Mishra |
| Abstract: | The widening financing gaps for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Green Energy Transition in developing countries have established an impetus to mobilise foreign private resources for infrastructure. By developing a novel theoretical framework and leveraging a large dataset of infrastructure projects in developing countries from 1989-2022, this analysis investigates the role of Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) in indirectly mobilising private finance. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that DFI participation in a particular country-sector can catalyse private finance by specifically reducing the perceived risks of financing. Empirical analysis assessing the presence and magnitude of mobilisation effects at the extensive margin is consistent with theory on mobilisation. DFI participation is strongly correlated with an increase in the number of commercial foreign banks, total project activity, and the number of projects with at least one commercial foreign bank. Evidence suggests that this effect is amplified by DFI participation induced private financing acting as an independent signal for further private financing. However, the mobilisation effect does not seem to spill over across countries and sectors and does not extend to projects that are entirely financed by commercial foreign financiers. These findings suggest that DFI capital should target infrastructure segments with high growth potential, through project structures that resemble the conditions for private financing and contribute towards creating a pipeline of investable projects in those country-sectors. Immediate policy implications include improving data reporting on current and future projects to bolster demonstration effects and facilitate research on intensive margin mobilisation effects. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csa:wpaper:2023-13 |
| By: | Taron, Avinandan (International Water Management Institute); Sathiskumar, Abinaya (International Water Management Institute); Malviya, T.; Bodach, Susanne (International Water Management Institute); Muthuswamy, S.; Gebrezgabher, Solomie (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Resource recovery; Resource management; Reuse; Circular economy; Bioeconomy; Investment; Regulations; Frameworks; Policies; Guidelines; Business models |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h053062 |
| By: | Fricke, Daniel; Meinerding, Christoph |
| Abstract: | The average yield differential between a green and a matched conventional bond ("greenium") amounts to minus 3 basis points. We decompose this greenium along the bonds' ownership structure and document that investment funds, banks and insurance companies pay most of it. Dissecting further, the greenium paid by investment funds (and their clients) is mostly explained by an average level effect, confirming the narrative that these investors have non-pecuniary sustainability preferences. The greenium paid by banks is markedly different and cannot be explained by such preferences. Rather banks overweight specific green bonds with a sizeable greenium, pointing towards an interaction between the greenium and bank-related financial frictions. |
| Keywords: | Green bonds, sustainable investment, greenium, ownership structure, securities holdings |
| JEL: | G11 Q01 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bubdps:305279 |
| By: | Kassa, M.; Lemma, M.; Haile, Alemseged Tamiru (International Water Management Institute); Mekuria, Wolde (International Water Management Institute); Gezahagn, A.; Asnakew, M.; Haileslassie, Amare (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Integrated water resources management; Multi-stakeholder processes; Guidelines; Governance; River basin management; Sustainability; Collaboration; Partnerships; Decision making; Policies; Local communities |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052584 |
| By: | Amarnath, Giriraj (International Water Management Institute); Umer, Yakob (International Water Management Institute); Makungwe, Mirriam (International Water Management Institute); Jacobs-Mata, Inga (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Weather index insurance; Flooding; Multi-stakeholder processes; Modelling |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052677 |
| By: | Gunther Maier; Katarzyna Reyman; Micha Guszak |
| Abstract: | Real Estate is one of the key sectors when it comes to the development toward sustainability. National and international policy as well as the market request buildings to be sustainable. The complexity of buildings and their durability make it difficult, however, to determine their degree of sustainability as well as to demonstrate it to potential buyers. Green building certification schemas were developed as instruments to measure sustainability of buildings and as instruments for third party verification of building quality in this realm.In this paper we want to investigate the diffusion process of certified green buildings in Europe. We will look at the diffusion over space and over time for the most important international certification schemas. We will try to identify leaders and laggers in the process at the levels of countries, regions, and cities. Since this is exploratory work, we will try to derive hypotheses about the reasons for certain observable patterns. These should serve as the basis for future more detailed research. |
| Keywords: | diffusion; Europe; Green Buildings |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2024-225 |
| By: | Renda, Andrea; Del Giovane, Chiara; Laurer, Moritz; Modzelewska, Ada; Sipiczki, Agnes; Yeung, Timothy; Arroyo, Jane; Nguyen, Hieu |
| Abstract: | Over recent years, EU actorness has increased when it comes to legal authority, autonomy, external recognition and attractiveness, while internal cohesion among EU Member States has dwindled. Two case studies, on the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) and on standards for sustainability reporting, show the varying level of the EU’s effectiveness in sustainable development policy. This CEPS In-Depth Analysis report analyses the EU’s capability to act and be effective in sustainable development governance, looking at the period from the 2000s to today. It finds that several factors will affect the EU’s ability to pursue the SDGs in the near future. Depending on the global momentum around ambitious reforms, the EU may be able to implant its agenda into global agreements. Internal dynamics will also determine whether the EU will be able to retain sufficient authority, autonomy and cohesion to effectively project its agenda on a global scale. This report is part of a series drawing on the outcomes of the EU-funded TRIGGER (Trends in Global Governance and Europe’s Role) project that ran from 2018 to 2022. Using the conceptual framework developed as part of TRIGGER, this report moves beyond observing the characteristics of the EU as an actor to explore its actorness/effectiveness over time in a specific policy domain – this case, the Sustainable Development Goals. |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eps:cepswp:39479 |
| By: | Teebken, Julia; Jacob, Klaus |
| Abstract: | EU climate policy has grown into an established policy field which generates its political relevance particularly at the international level. Over the past three decades, a complex global governance architecture has emerged and climate policy has been mainstreamed into many different policy areas because of its cross-cutting nature. This CEPS In-Depth Analysis report identifies key areas where the EU should focus if it wishes to enhance its actorness and effectiveness in the climate policy domain. These strategic priorities include: procedures, participation, knowledge and the representation of core EU values, coordination and policy ambivalence, burden sharing, the participation of civil society and local actors, monitoring and reporting mechanisms, and trade. This report is part of a series drawing on the outcomes of the EU-funded TRIGGER (Trends in Global Governance and Europe’s Role) project that ran from 2018 to 2022. Using the conceptual framework developed as part of TRIGGER, the report moves beyond observing the characteristics of the EU as an actor to explore its actorness/effectiveness over time in a specific policy domain – in this case, climate change. |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eps:cepswp:39487 |
| By: | Rizos, Vasileios; Urban, Patricia; Righetti, Edoardo; Kassab, Amin |
| Abstract: | In recent years, the challenge of plastic waste generation has become a prime concern in the global political arena. At the EU level, a dedicated strategy on plastics was adopted that led to the Single-Use Plastics Directive. In spite of this, plastic waste management data show that achieving a circular economy for plastics in the EU is a long way off. Available studies indicate that plastic waste generation may remain at high levels in the future or even increase in the absence of ambitious circularity policies. The report looks at the challenges associated with plastic waste generation and discusses the potential of using chemical recycling technologies as part of an ecosystem of solutions for increasing the circularity of plastics. It is based on evidence collected through desk-research and inputs provided during a series of stakeholder meetings. Given the myriad applications of plastics, a mix of recycling solutions, combined with efforts aimed at increasing reuse and waste prevention will be needed. This requires a policy environment that while enabling all recycling options would at the same time provide a level playing field between mechanical and chemical recycling. To achieve such a level playing field, clarification would be needed on how chemical recycling technologies could contribute to achieving recycled content targets. As these technologies scale up, the question about whether there is a need to provide clarity about their position in the waste hierarchy and in the existing recycling definition will also need to be addressed. There are several data uncertainties about plastic waste feedstocks and composition as well as the emissions and losses in the chemical recycling processes. The publication of methodology guidelines for LCAs comparing different treatment options for waste plastics can support a more informed debate about plastics’ circularity. More integrated assessments considering the full spectrum of plastic waste streams and how they can be treated in the most environmentally friendly way can also contribute to this debate. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eps:cepswp:40124 |
| By: | Cristhian D. Prieto; Ilan Noy |
| Abstract: | Floods are among the most frequent and destructive natural hazards worldwide, yet their economic impacts remain poorly understood. This paper examines the effects of two cyclone-induced floods on firms’ economic performance in New Zealand. To identify flood damage, we propose a novel method using high-resolution satellite imagery to track changes in ground vegetation before and after the cyclones. By integrating this information with detailed business administrative records and enterprise survey data, we construct a unique plant-level dataset to estimate the flooding causal effects. Using a Difference-in-Differences (DID) approach, we find that firm premises located in flood-affected areas experienced significant declines in gross output and sales, alongside increased losses in profit and value-added. Contrary to common belief, our analysis reveals that capital damage and labour displacement, rather than productivity losses, are the primary channels through which flooding affects firms. Plants responded to these events by liquidating inventories and cashable assets, though no evidence of relocation is found. Our results are robust to various econometric specifications and alternative estimation methods, including the Synthetic Difference-in-Differences (SDID) estimator. |
| Keywords: | floods, firms, production, cyclones, coping strategies, labour, capital, productivity, DID, SDID |
| JEL: | D24 J20 L11 O13 O14 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11430 |
| By: | Kever Bruno Paradelo Gomes (Instituto Federal of Educação, Ciência and Tecnologia of Brasília); Lucas Santos Figueiredo (Instituto Federal of Brasília); Cledinaldo Aparecido Dias (University of Minas Gerais) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this work was to identify and analyze how Environmental Education has been inserted and developed in undergraduate courses at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Brasília (IFB). This research had a qualitative-quantitative approach, using a basic exploratory descriptive study as an approach. This research had a qualitative-quantitative approach, using a basic exploratory descriptive study as an approach. It has a focus that privileges the aspects of perception and subjective awareness of the actors of the research. The results obtained for analyzing the syllabuses of IFB degree courses corresponded to 565 curricular components. Of these, 548 components do not interact with content related to Environmental Education. Only 14 mandatory subjects and 3 optional/elective subjects relate their contents to EA, that is, only 3.01% articulate topics related to environmental issues. When analyzing how Environmental Education has been articulated in undergraduate courses, it was found that the inclusion of Environmental Education in the syllabi progressed very slowly, demonstrating difficulty in consolidating this theme. Furthermore, education, environment and sustainability within an Environmental Education context for training critical citizens has been little explored in IFB degree courses. The results of this study allow us to observe that Environmental Education is not consolidated and institutionalized at the IFB, presenting gaps in both theory and practice. It is concluded that the ?talk of professional education teachers? manifests itself in an ineffective, fragmented and superficial way, whether in a direct, transversal and/or interdisciplinary way. |
| Keywords: | Environmental education, Interdisciplinary, Learning |
| JEL: | I29 I23 Q01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:14616223 |
| By: | Lola Blandin (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Hélène Bouscasse (CESAER - Centre d'économie et de sociologie rurales appliquées à l'agriculture et aux espaces ruraux - UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Dijon - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Sandrine Mathy (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Numerous Low Emission Zones (LEZs) have been implemented across Europe to improve air quality and reduce car use. However, to date, the impact of LEZs has been widely perceived as regressive, since vehicles that meet the low emission requirements are more expensive than others. The literature assessing the impact of LEZs on vulnerable and poor households prior to their implementation is sparse, particularly if we take into account the diversity of households' capacities to adapt according to their characteristics and mobility habits, beyond the sole solution of purchasing a LEZ-compatible vehicle. However, such assessments would make it possible to define accompanying policies to improve the social justice of the LEZs. In this article, we develop a methodology to evaluate the ex-ante impacts of a LEZ on vulnerable or poor households. First, we identify households affected by the LEZ. Second, the VulMob multidimensional indicator is used to identify, among affected households, households with low transport-affordability and highly vulnerable households according to their vulnerability profiles. Third, we assess the adaptive capacity in terms of modal shift options and considering the possibility to modify the destination. We apply this methodology to the Grenoble area (France), using the Local Household Travel Survey. The results show that not only are highly vulnerable households more affected by the LEZ than other households, but also that more of them are left with no alternative but to buy a LEZ-compliant car. Nevertheless, modal shift seems an adaptation solution with great potential for all households. This could improve the environmental and health performance of LEZs. This work can guide decision-makers in the definition of preventive and compensatory policies, considering the profiles of transport vulnerability and the specificities of the territory. |
| Keywords: | Low-emission zone, Transport vulnerability, Ex-ante evaluation |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04766903 |
| By: | Rizos, Vasileios; Righetti, Edoardo; Kassab, Amin |
| Abstract: | Rare earth elements are strategically important for the EU to sustain and accelerate its green and digital transition, particularly due to their use in permanent magnets. Rare earths permanent magnets are critical components of low carbon technologies such as wind turbines and electric vehicles, but also home appliances and consumer electronics. Yet faced with an expected surge in demand, limited domestic manufacturing capacity, high import dependency and rising geopolitical tensions, the EU’s ability to meet the future demand for rare earths magnets is at risk. Recycling can help secure some of this demand. However, permanent magnets recycling is not yet developed at scale in the EU because of a combination of regulatory, financial, supply chain and technological constraints. Building upon the lessons learnt during the EU-funded INSPIRES project, as well as interviews with experts in the permanent magnets value chain and own quantitative assessments, this research report examines the major barriers hindering the establishment of a viable magnets recycling chain in the EU, whilst estimating the extent to which recycling could compensate the upcoming increase in rare earths magnets demand in the foreseeable future. Tacking stock of the analysis, the report suggests that introduction of product labelling requirements, the development of recycling quotas, the provision of financial support to recycling operations and the establishment of eco-design requirements. These are the critical actions that need to be implemented to ensure the development of magnets recycling in the EU. |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eps:cepswp:38613 |
| By: | Aragie, Emerta A.; Thurlow, James |
| Abstract: | Climate and weather shocks pose significant threats to crop-livestock systems, leading to economic losses and humanitarian crises. Utilizing a modeling framework that innovatively integrates the crop and livestock systems, this study examines the interactions and dynamic adjustments within these systems following weather shocks, using Ethiopia as a case study. We also evaluate the effectiveness of various adaptation strategies in sustaining farm incomes, food security, and welfare. Results show unique effects on the crop and livestock sectors resulting from a joint shock on the two systems. While food crops experience a strong and immediate growth effect that fades quickly, the livestock sector faces the full impact of the shock a year later, with the effect persisting to some degree. We also find diverging economic and livestock system adjustment trajectories from the separate shocks to the crop and livestock systems. Further, the intervention options analyzed show contrasting impacts on various outcome indications, with only the resilient crop intervention causing sector-indifferent impacts. Our findings emphasize the importance of proactive measures to enhance the resilience of crop-livestock systems, with implications for policy and practice aimed at safeguarding food security and livelihoods in semi-subsistence economies. |
| Keywords: | crops; economics; livestock; weather; Africa; Eastern Africa; Ethiopia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2278 |
| By: | Tijen Arin; Shalika H. Subasinghe; Bladon, Annabelle; Tiloka Sunayani De Silva |
| Abstract: | Sri Lanka’s coastal fisheries are a vital source of livelihoods, food, and nutrition, and are integral to the country’s economy, culture, and society. However, coastal fish stocks are in decline and fail to meet domestic demand, leading to negative repercussions on livelihoods. This Case Study Note explores how Social Protection and Jobs (SPJ) policies and programs can help rebuild and maintain sustainable coastal fisheries in Sri Lanka, with a focus on the spiny lobster fishery on the south coast. The authors reviewed Sri Lanka’s evolving SPJ policies and programs to see how they may help fishers cope with short-term losses due to a potential extended closure aimed at rebuilding the lobster stock and complement long-term fishery management measures to, among other things, ensure that fishing effort does not increase. The authors also analyzed socio-economic survey data on coastal fishers, including their aspirations for education and livelihood improvement. Opportunities identified to link SPJ with fisheries management are included in this case study. |
| Date: | 2024–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:hdnspu:194492 |
| By: | Makoto IKEDA (Asian Disaster Reduction Center, Kobe University, Japan); Thawatchai PALAKHAMARN (Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI), Thailand); Venkatachalam ANBUMOZHI (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | Rapid population growth and economic development have become apparent in ASEAN countries in recent years. Moreover, each year witnesses reported damage from major natural hazards, with a notable frequency of floods and storms. To mitigate the enormous damage caused by these natural hazards, the ASEAN countries are taking proactive measures through ‘investment in disaster risk reduction (DRR).’ These measures are varied and include early warning, disaster information sharing, and the utilisation of disaster prevention technologies. In addition, most of the practices reviewed in this study were found to be in line with the AADMER Work Programme 2021–2025 and the Sendai Framework, which are official documents in the field of disaster reduction. To further promote and effectively implement ‘investment in DRR’activities in the future, collaboration between countries, including Japan, and related organisations will be important. |
| Keywords: | Investment in Disaster Risk Reduction, Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction, ASEAN countries and Japan, AADMER Work Programme 2021–2025 |
| JEL: | B40 F01 F60 Q54 Q55 |
| Date: | 2024–05–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:dp-2024-06 |
| By: | Bertoni, Marcela |
| Abstract: | Los desafíos que enfrentan las universidades en el marco de la Agenda 2030 incluyen la incorporación de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en sus funciones sustantivas para abordar todos los aspectos de la sostenibilidad. Sin embargo, el proceso de integración de los ODS presenta dificultades en las Instituciones de Educación Superior, ya que la Educación Ambiental suele depender de disciplinas relacionadas con las ciencias naturales, y muchos docentes no tienen la formación adecuada en temas ambientales. Es necesario que los profesores se involucren para generar cambios en la docencia que estén alineados con el paradigma de la sostenibilidad. Este estudio se centra en indagar sobre los procesos micro institucionales de la educación superior en relación con el grado de alfabetización ambiental de los docentes de la carrera de turismo de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Se realizó una encuesta en línea para evaluar el nivel de alfabetización ambiental de los profesores, considerando aspectos como preocupación ambiental, comportamientos, conocimiento y educación ambiental. Los resultados indican que la alfabetización ambiental es media, con una alta preocupación por el medio ambiente que no siempre se traduce en comportamientos proambientales, observándose frecuencias medias en estas conductas. A pesar de valorar la importancia de la Educación Ambiental, el nivel de conocimiento especializado entre los docentes es relativamente bajo. |
| Keywords: | Educación Ambiental; Alfabetización; Profesión Académica; Docentes Universitarios; Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4199 |
| By: | Ubi-Abai, Itoro |
| Abstract: | This study assessed households’ willingness to pay and payments for water services supplied by the Akwa Ibom Water Company Limited using the Heckman two-step analysis. Using the survey research design, these households comprised households that have access to 5.06% of water supply services from the Akwa Ibom Water Company Limited a la Ubi-Abai (2024); and households that live close to the water company but do not have access to their water services. A sample of 200 households was selected using the two-stage cluster probability sampling and the purposive non-probability sampling techniques. Data were obtained using structured questionnaires. The weighted Kappa and Cronbach Alpha coefficients showed that questions in the questionnaires were valid and reliable. The cluster analysis revealed that 38 households used water efficiently. Furthermore, the Heckman two-step analysis revealed that factors such as water use efficiency, water quality, income and family size influenced households’ willingness to pay and monthly water payment levels. |
| Keywords: | Akwa Ibom, Heckman, Household, Water, WTP |
| JEL: | D1 D11 D12 I31 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122512 |
| By: | Inphonephong, Souphalack (International Water Management Institute); Mam, K.; Phounvisouk, L.; Dubois, Mark (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Ricefield aquaculture; Fish culture; Policies; Agroecology; Food production; Agricultural practices; Sustainability; Farmers; Institutions; Households; Villages |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h053000 |
| By: | Philipp Denter |
| Abstract: | Two office-driven politicians compete in an election by proposing policies. There are two possible states of the world: climate change is either mild, with no lasting effect on welfare if addressed properly, or severe, leading to reduced welfare even with appropriate measures. Voters receive signals about the state but may interpret them in a non-Bayesian way, holding motivated beliefs. An equilibrium always exists where voters ignore signals suggesting severe consequences, causing politicians to propose policies for mild climate change -- even when they know otherwise. If severe climate change leads to only moderate welfare losses, another efficient equilibrium exists. In this equilibrium, voters trust politicians to choose the optimal policies, implying voters choose to trust their signals, which in turn encourages optimal policy choices by politicians. The model highlights the role of political rhetoric and trust in government, and a first glance at the data reveals patterns consistent with the models predictions. |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2410.20982 |
| By: | Wendt, Charlotte; Kosin, Dominick; Adam, Martin; Benlian, Alexander |
| Abstract: | The growing adoption of smart meters enables the measurement of households' energy consumption, influenced not solely by building characteristics such as thermal insulation but also by residents' behavioural patterns, such as heating and ventilation practices. To motivate residents to adopt more sustainable behaviours, user interfaces on smartphones and laptops are increasingly using consumption data from households' smart meters to enable effective goal‐setting. In contrast to previous research largely focusing on goal‐setting in isolation, this study examines the role of specific social comparison‐related design features that future research and practitioners can consider along with goal‐setting to stimulate sustainable behaviours. Specifically, we look into the influence of residents' perception of their relative performance (i.e., whether their behaviour was better or worse than a reference group) on their ambition to act (i.e., targeted improvement goal) and their actual energy consumption behaviour. Moreover, we investigate the influence of a goal's evaluative standard (i.e., whether the goal refers to one's own or other's performance) on the relationship between relative performance, ambition to act, and energy consumption behaviour. Drawing on social comparison theory, we conducted a framed field experiment with 152 households. We find that a goal's evaluative standard influences residents' awareness of their relative performance, affecting their ambition to act and, ultimately, their energy consumption behaviour. More specifically, we find that whereas other‐ (vs. self‐) referencing goals encourage residents from worse‐than‐average performing households more strongly to improve their energy consumption behaviour, they discourage better‐than‐average ones. Overall, our study provides novel insights into the interplay between relative performance and evaluative standards as a means of fostering social comparison in smart meter‐facilitated goal‐setting, highlighting their crucial role in effectively supporting sustainable behaviours. |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:150457 |
| By: | Erwan Joud (UBO - Université de Brest, LEGO - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion de l'Ouest - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - UBO - Université de Brest - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - IBSHS - Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société - UBO - Université de Brest - UBL - Université Bretagne Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]); Morgane Innocent |
| Abstract: | essential role to play. To obtain a change in the individual and collective behavior of guests, it is necessary to take into account their captivity in a system in which one of the alternatives can be deconsumption. The choices of support for guests aimed at obtaining adherement for sustainable food are described in this paper and questioned based on the voice of users obtained through non-participant observation and micro-interviews. From childhood to adulthood, the categories of support to be mobilized as a priority vary. The main result of this research is to bring out support through conviviality as a relevant lever among adolescents and adults. The exploratory and promising nature of the results calls for considerably strengthening knowledge on support through conviviality in collective catering. |
| Abstract: | Afin d'envisager une transition alimentaire vers des pratiques durables, la restauration collective a un rôle essentiel à jouer. Pour obtenir un changement des comportements individuels et collectifs des convives, il faut tenir compte de leur captivité dans un système dont l'une des alternatives peut être la déconsommation. Les choix d'accompagnement des convives visant à obtenir l'adhésion à une alimentation durable sont décrits dans ce papier et questionnés à partir de la voix des usagers obtenue par l'observation non-participante et des microentretiens. De l'enfance à l'âge adulte, les catégories d'accompagnement à mobiliser en priorité varient. Le principal résultat de cette recherche est de faire émerger l'accompagnement convivial comme levier pertinent chez les adolescents et les adultes. Le caractère exploratoire et prometteur des résultats appelle à considérablement renforcer les connaissances sur l'accompagnement convivial dans la restauration collective. |
| Keywords: | Collective catering, sustainable food, transition, conviviality, Restauration collective, alimentation durable, convivialité |
| Date: | 2024–06–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04759725 |
| By: | van Koppen, Barbara (International Water Management Institute); Nohayi, Ngowenani (International Water Management Institute); Jacobs-Mata, Inga (International Water Management Institute); Nortje, Karen (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Community involvement; Development plans; Water supply; Accountability; Co-management; Capacity development; Stakeholders; Planning; Frameworks; Political aspects; Communities; Municipal governments |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052927 |
| By: | Righetti, Edoardo; Egenhofer, Christian |
| Abstract: | The European Union’s climate neutrality objective will require the progressive decarbonisation of the transport sector, including road. Targets and policies are lowering technology costs and accelerating the deployment of low-carbon vehicles. The rollout of a widespread and reliable refuelling and recharging infrastructure is a condition for these policies and technologies to succeed. In the context of the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation, the deployment of hydrogen refuelling stations is under discussion and soon to be agreed upon. Most studies predict a considerable number of hydrogen-fuelled vans and trucks, with demand for hydrogen-fuelled passenger vehicles continuing to be subject to debate. Current low market penetration of hydrogen-powered vehicles limits the profitability of the hydrogen refuelling infrastructure. Support mechanisms will be required to ensure stations’ profitability and sustain their deployment. Building on an analysis of the economics of hydrogen refuelling stations and an overview of support measures typically implemented in Europe and beyond in infrastructure development, this report focuses on the cost-effectiveness of instruments in a situation of initial low demand. It identifies mandates and availability payments as the most suitable instruments, allowing the mobilisation of private capital. |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eps:cepswp:38567 |
| By: | Zubin Deyal |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the impact of natural disasters on remittances in developing countries, which are particularly vulnerable to the immediate and long-term effects of such events. In addition to damaging economic capacity, natural disasters are large exogenous shocks which result in capital flight that exacerbates the immediate deficit that developing countries face in their aftermath. Though remittances have proven vital in addressing financing gaps for these countries, their immediate response to natural disasters has not been thoroughly studied. This paper expands the literature by offering a comprehensive analysis of the influence of natural disasters on monthly remittances across 30 developing countries for the 30-year period of 1993 to 2022. In utilising a dynamic fixed effects model on data sourced from respective Central Banks, I find an immediate rise in remittances post-disasters, notably in Asia, Central America, and South America, and specifically in response to hydrological and meteorological disasters. The rise in remittances is typically highest in the month after the disaster, with more intense disasters eliciting a larger increase in remittances. I also find evidence of remittance smoothing, as migrants seem to adjust allocations intertemporally. I further establish a countercyclical relationship between remittances and GDP growth, with inflation, nominal exchange rate depreciations, net migration, and disaster aid negatively impacting remittances. The finding that remittances increase after disasters is robust to different specifications, including System GMM, different periods, dependent variables, and monthly, yearly, and regional fixed effects.Creation-Date: 2023 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csa:wpaper:2024-01 |
| By: | Qiulin Ke |
| Abstract: | The benefits of cycling as a sustainable transportation mode are widely recognized. In recent years, the concept of commuting by bike has gained considerable attention. Cycling to work brings a multiple benefits for individuals, employers and the environment from improving physical health, wellbeing, productivity and public health to reducing carbon emissions. Governments in many countries have implemented a variety of policy measures, intervention and initiatives to increase the cycling level. Some cities and town encouraged workplaces to provide bike-friendly amenities such as secure bike parking/storage, showers, and changing rooms (called end of trip facilities) to accommodate cyclists and motivate more employees to embrace sustainable transportation options. At the same time, such amenities are identified to influence cycling behavior and deter the people from cycling to work. Given the desirability for these amenities, the number of the office building with bike storage and share room is small; their economic value is unknown. In this paper, we investigate whether presence of cycling to work supportive facilities could add value to office buildings. This study uses office buildings across the England at the end of 2021, we examine with hedonic technique:1. Whether the office buildings with bike storage and/or shower facility could secure rent premium; 2. Whether the existence of rent premium for bike storage and/or shower varies in location and across regions in England and independently from the premium for BREEM certificate. |
| Keywords: | bike storage; cycle to work; rent of office building; shower room |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2024-224 |
| By: | Eric Pilling; Martin B\"ahr; Ralf Wunderlich |
| Abstract: | The optimal control of sustainable energy supply systems, including renewable energies and energy storages, takes a central role in the decarbonization of industrial systems. However, the use of fluctuating renewable energies leads to fluctuations in energy generation and requires a suitable control strategy for the complex systems in order to ensure energy supply. In this paper, we consider an electrified power-to-heat system which is designed to supply heat in form of superheated steam for industrial processes. The system consists of a high-temperature heat pump for heat supply, a wind turbine (WT) for power generation, a sensible thermal energy storage (TES) for storing excess heat and a steam generator for providing steam. If the system's energy demand cannot be covered by electricity from the WT, additional electricity must be purchased from the power grid. For this system, we investigate the cost-optimal operation aiming to minimize the electricity cost from the grid by a suitable system control depending on the available wind power and the amount of energy stored in the TES. This is a decision making problem under uncertainties about the future prices for electricity from the grid and the future generation of wind power. The resulting stochastic optimal control problem is treated as finite horizon Markov decision process (MDP) for a multi-dimensional controlled state process. We first consider the classical backward recursion techniques for solving the associated dynamic programming equation for the value function and compute the optimal decision rule. Since that approach suffers from the curse of dimensionality we also apply Q-learning techniques that are able to provide a good approximate solution to the MDP within a reasonable time. |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2411.02211 |
| By: | Squarcina, Margherita; Hänsch, Juliane; Montoya Cepeda, Florena M.; Pallauf, Magdalena; Paz, Bruno; Stehl, Jonas; Wehner, Jasmin; Wollni, Meike |
| Abstract: | Existing measures of resilience focus on specific food system components, neglecting the complexity of the whole system. We propose a measure of resilience that encompasses three dimensions of a food system: economic profitability, environmental sustainability, and adequate nutrition. To empirically estimate the proposed model, we combine longitudinal household-level data from Malawi, Tanzania, and Nigeria with GIS data and macro-level indicators.We define resilience as a normative condition using a probabilistic moment-based approach following Cissé and Barrett (2018). To aggregate the probabilities across different dimensions into a single index of resilience, we employ and compare two different methods. Our findings indicate an overall increase in resilience of farming households over time, with improvements in Nigeria and Tanzania. Clear trade-offs are evident across the various domains of the food system. Both proposed resilience indexes demonstrate strong performance. They are correlated with improvements in income, vegetation, and dietary diversity, and they partially mitigate the effects of various shocks. The comparison between the two methods indicates a preference for the simpler PCA-based approach to measuring farmers’ resilience using a food system approach. Our findings underline the need to broaden our focus beyond individual aspects of resilience to achieve sustainable food systems. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management, Food Security and Poverty, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gausfs:348143 |
| By: | Pupillo, Lorenzo; Ferreira, Afonso; Lipiainen, Valtteri; Polito, Carolina |
| Abstract: | We are now living through a quantum revolution, with modern technology allowing us to directly manipulate individual quantum systems and fully utilise quantum phenomena. These breakthroughs, a long time in the making, are enabling a new class of technologies based on quantum mechanics. Advances in quantum technologies may drastically change the world as we know it. They are expected to positively impact on many sectors of the global economy, including pharmaceuticals, climate and weather modelling, and financial portfolio management. These benefits come from the computational advantages of problem-solving in totally novel and different ways compared with using traditional computers. At the same time, this new computational power also has a negative side, which explains why quantum technologies are relevant to cybersecurity. While there are some benefits to using quantum technologies to bolster cybersecurity, the most important link is that a large quantum computer could break widely used cryptographic algorithms, breaching confidential data. Most internet applications rely on cryptography to guarantee the confidentiality, authenticity and the integrity of data. However, quantum computers only give a boost on certain classes of mathematical problems, so it is possible to develop cryptography based on mathematical problems that are resistant to attack by quantum computers. Quantum-resistant cryptography can thus help mitigate the threat posed by quantum computers. As the new world of quantum technologies emerges, we need to seize the opportunity to decide how they can help us promote better societies and a more sustainable future. To tackle these issues, CEPS launched a Task Force on Quantum Technologies and Cybersecurity in March 2023. The Task Force’s goal was to draw attention to the technical, ethical, market and governance challenges posed by the intersection of quantum technologies and cybersecurity. The group explored ways to formulate practical guidelines for governments and businesses to ease the adoption of quantum technologies in the EU while addressing the cybersecurity risks associated with the implementation of quantum technologies. These discussions led to policy recommendations for EU institutions, Member States, the private sector and the research community for the development and deployment of quantum-safe technologies. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eps:cepswp:41629 |
| By: | Barbini, Bernarda; Bertoni, Marcela; Actis Di Pasquale, Eugenio |
| Abstract: | El libro que se presenta es producto de los aportes de investigadores/as, becarios/as que integran los grupos de investigación del Centro de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales (CIEyS), y tiene como objetivo acreditar la producción científica que allí se realiza, como así su difusión tanto dentro como fuera del ámbito de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Teniendo en cuenta este propósito, se presenta un conjunto de capítulos que dan cuenta de la naturaleza particular de la investigación que se realiza en el CIEyS, donde es posible reconocer el desarrollo de investigaciones en distintas áreas de conocimiento que tienen como resultado la heterogeneidad de líneas de investigación. El eje transversal a partir del cual se enlazan los aportes de los distintos grupos son los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), estableciéndose vínculos en cada caso con respecto a los distintos temas abordados, a saber: el análisis de instrumentos de ordenación pesquera, los valores sociales atribuidos a los servicios ecosistémicos y el espacio público recreativo, los cuidados remunerados, las trayectorias de carrera en la profesión académica, el diálogo de saberes y la vinculación comunitaria para la sustentabilidad, el diagnóstico territorial para prácticas turístico-recreativas sostenibles, el precio de los alimentos y su impacto sobre el bienestar de los hogares, el estado de situación de la gobernanza turística local, la difusión del uso de software en la industria local, el proceso de transformación digital en la industria pesquera local, la desagregación temporal de series económicas para la estructuración del Indicador Sintético de Actividad Económica de General Pueyrredon y el consumo de alimentos orgánicos y su relación con los ODS. |
| Keywords: | Desarrollo Sostenible; Ciencias Económicas; Ciencias Sociales; Investigación Científica; |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4196 |
| By: | Olga Kutnohorská (University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague); Dana Strachotová (University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague); Marek Botek (University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague); Stanislava Grosová (University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague) |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes the productivity of selected chemical industry companies in the Czech Republic through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The selection of companies for analysis was based on the amount of turnover and also according to the field of business. The enterprises were grouped into groups of consumer chemistry, inorganic and organic commodity chemistry, qualified chemistry, technical gases, processing of plastics or rubbers, and distribution of raw materials. The Malmquist productivity index (MPI) was used to analyze changes in the productivity of companies, and the statistical significance of these indices was tested using the bootstrap method. This procedure helped identify the influence of various factors on the efficiency and productivity of companies, including the influence of the area of business. The study showed other possibilities of using this procedure. E.g. in the case of inclusion of environmental costs or investments in the field of the environment. |
| Keywords: | Field of business, Chemical industry company, Data envelopment analysis, Malmquist productivity index, Bootstrapping, Financial statements |
| JEL: | C10 D20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:14616447 |
| By: | Erika Soliz (UPB); Ricardo Nogales (UPB) |
| Abstract: | Access to clean energy is critical for economic development, poverty reduction, and enhancing individual well-being, aligning with Sen's capability approach which emphasizes the importance of energy services in achieving essential life functions. Despite its importance, nergy poverty remains underexplored in Latin America, particularly in Bolivia. We address this gap by evaluating energy poverty convergence at the municipal level in Bolivia from 2012 to 2016. We employ a β-convergence analysis to compare observed and expected convergence rates, identifying municipalities that are energy poverty pockets—regions with high initial poverty levels and slow improvement rates. Our study also characterizes these lagging municipalities and projects their energy poverty levels for 2030. Findings from our study aim to inform targeted public policies by highlighting regional disparities and providing a nuanced understanding of energy poverty dynamics in Bolivia, thereby contributing to more effective interventions aligned with national and international development goals. |
| Keywords: | Energy poverty; Bolivia; Convergence; Inequality. |
| JEL: | D63 P28 O13 |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iad:sdsnwp:0624 |
| By: | Pereira, Leila (Insper, São Paulo); Pucci, Rafael (University of Sao Paulo); Soares, Rodrigo R. (Insper, São Paulo) |
| Abstract: | We study a Force-down/Shoot-down intervention in Brazil that led cocaine traffickers to shift from air to river routes. Using data on cocaine production, homicides, and the network of rivers in the Amazon, we provide evidence that violence increased in municipalities along river routes originating from Andean producing countries after the policy. We also show that, during the same period, violence in these municipalities became more responsive to cocaine production in origin countries. We document an instance of crime displacement over the three-dimensional space, involving sophisticated adaptations from criminals regarding transportation technologies, with dramatic side-effects for local populations. |
| Keywords: | cocaine, illegal markets, crime displacement, violence, Brazil, Amazon |
| JEL: | K42 O54 Q34 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17425 |
| By: | Amponsah, Andoh (International Water Management Institute); Atampugre, Gerald (International Water Management Institute); Tilahun, Seifu (International Water Management Institute); Oke, Adebayo (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Decision-support systems; Water resources; Landscape; Resilience; Planning; Investment |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052660 |
| By: | José Augusto Lacerda Fernandes (UFPA - Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA [Belém, Brazil]); Héloïse Berkowitz (LEST - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Sociologie du Travail - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AMU - Aix Marseille Université) |
| Abstract: | Embora tenhamos assistido a um conjunto cada vez mais amplo e diverso de iniciativas em prol da bioeconomia da Amazônia, é inegável que há um descompasso entre as urgências do presente e os resultados concretos gerados por essas ações. Considerando que a união de organizações de diferentes segmentos e esferas constitui um elemento central para acelerar e alavancar esse movimento, abordamos o papel de metaorganizações nesse processo. Reconhecendo que esse tipo particular de organização tem uma capacidade notável de articular a transição para a sustentabilidade e uma importância significativa para o desenvolvimento sustentável da Amazônia, este capítulo procurou entender como metaorganizações podem contribuir para o fortalecimento de uma bioeconomia inclusiva na região. Como isso implica necessariamente o desenvolvimento de inovações sustentáveis, utilizamos uma estrutura analítica que aborda as capacidades organizacionais necessárias nesse processo, buscando entender como o Origens demonstrou essas capacidades ao longo de sua trajetória. Ao aprofundar o conhecimento existente sobre a dinâmica, as estruturas, os processos e os resultados dessa metaorganização, podemos observar que, em diferentes momentos e contextos, o Origens conseguiu exercer todas as capacidades previstas no modelo, o que ajuda a posicioná-lo como uma metaorganização dedicada à sustentabilidade. Dado seu trabalho na Amazônia, podemos dizer que sua importância não é apenas para a região ou para o Brasil, mas para o planeta em um sentido mais amplo, uma vez que a Floresta Amazônica ocupa uma posição central na luta contra a "emergência climática" |
| Keywords: | Meta-organization, bioeconomy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04761673 |
| By: | Zanfrillo, Alicia Inés; Morettini, Mariano; Glas, Yamila |
| Abstract: | La industria pesquera enfrenta desafíos de sostenibilidad y competitividad ante la sobreexplotación de especies y su pertenencia a cadenas de valor globales, además del cambio climático y condiciones de incertidumbre a nivel nacional, que exigen una gestión más rigurosa de su actividad. En este contexto, la transformación digital se presenta como un vehículo efectivo para crear valor mediante nuevas prácticas que aumentan la eficiencia de procesos, reducen costos y fortalecen la interacción con clientes y proveedores, promoviendo un cambio cultural auténtico. A pesar de su importancia para generar y consolidar ventajas competitivas, las empresas muestran diversas trayectorias en su relación con las tecnologías, sin un camino único hacia nuevos modelos de negocio basados en la automatización y monetización de la digitalización. El propósito del trabajo fue evaluar el uso de tecnologías para la generación de valor en empresas elaboradoras de productos pesqueros del Partido de General Pueyrredon a través de un estudio cuantitativo que permitió identificar las etapas de digitización, digitalización y transformación digital, con asimetrías evidentes en el alto porcentaje de entidades en la categoría de pre-digitización. |
| Keywords: | Transformación Digital; Innovación; Industria 4.0; Valor Agregado; Sostenibilidad; Industria Pesquera; |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4202 |
| By: | Maina, Kevin W.; Parlasca, Martin C.; Rao, Elizaphan J.O. |
| Abstract: | Strategies for sustainable intensification of livestock are becoming increasingly important in designing interventions to develop the sector. In dairying systems, herd health management is among such strategies. While adoption patterns and productivity gains have been analyzed in previous studies, the social implications are still not well understood. This paper provides insights into the relationship between herd health management and intra-household labor demand as well as women empowerment. We test the hypotheses that the adoption of herd health management practices (HHPs) increases intra-household labor demand among male and female household members and, thereby, affects women empowerment. We use primary data from smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya on time use, women's participation in decision-making and livestock asset ownership, adoption status of important HHPs, as well as household demographic characteristics and apply censored regression and multinomial logit regression models to test our hypotheses. The results show that adopting HHPs is associated with more labor demand in dairy production for both men and women. The magnitude of the change differs across production systems but is always higher for men. Additionally, herd health management practices are negatively associated with different aspects of women empowerment including women’s livestock asset ownership and control over income from dairy. The study underscores the importance for gender-sensitivity in the sustainable intensification of livestock production in the Global South. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Dairy Farming |
| Date: | 2024–11–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubzefd:348015 |
| By: | Wang, Yansong; Xu, Tao; Yuan, Cheng |
| Abstract: | This research employs the Alkire-Foster approach to measure multidimensional poverty between 2012 and 2020 in China, followed by examining the role of the three-pillar pension system in mitigating household multidimensional poverty. With the China Family Panel Studies data, our measurement uncovers the sustainable effects and mechanisms of household participation in the multi-pillar pension system on poverty mitigation. The results indicate that more participation in the pension system mitigates the probability of being trapped in multidimensional poverty. The findings reveal the significance of state social insurance, enterprise annuity, and individual commercial insurance. The mitigation effect of market-oriented pillars is achieved through more investment in and consumption for livelihood assets. Based upon the sustainable livelihoods framework, livelihood assets ameliorate household capabilities in human, natural, financial, and psychological capital against risks, shocks, and uncertainties. Our research contributes to the knowledge of how household participation in pension pillars sustainably mitigates multidimensional poverty through micro-level mechanisms and to the policy praxis of why a facilitating state is called for poverty mitigation from the perspective of new structural economics. |
| Keywords: | multidimensional poverty; three-pillar pension system; facilitating state; sustainable livelihoods; new structural economics |
| JEL: | H5 H51 H53 H55 I32 I38 P2 P3 Z18 |
| Date: | 2024–11–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122596 |
| By: | Dubois, Mark (International Water Management Institute); Inphonephong, Souphalack (International Water Management Institute); Vongxay, V.; Phanthavong, K. |
| Keywords: | Irrigation development; Policies; Stakeholder analysis; Cooperation; Investment; Groundwater irrigation; Capacity development |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052696 |
| By: | Rizos, Vasileios; Urban, Patricia |
| Abstract: | Introduced as part of the new EU regulatory frameworks for ecodesign and batteries, the digital product passport (DPP) supports the collection and sharing of product-related data among supply chain actors. As the first tool of this kind globally, it aspires to address existing information gaps for products and components throughout global supply chains, thus becoming a key enabler for circular business models. Produced through the EU-funded BATRAW project that develops circular approaches for electric vehicle batteries, this CEPS In-Depth Analysis paper delves into the new EU regulatory framework for batteries and the expanding EU DPP landscape. It identifies key opportunities and challenges for battery passports based on qualitative data collected from companies at different segments of the battery value chain. There are a growing number of initiatives within the evolving EU DPP landscape that are developing proof of concepts or pilot cases. In addition to batteries for which the passport will be a legal requirement as of 2027, these initiatives include many other sectors including textiles, construction and electronics. This suggests that interoperability and alignment between the different DPP initiatives is important. Such initiatives can also facilitate multi-stakeholder collaboration and provide inspiration and lessons for other product groups beyond batteries. The qualitative empirical data suggest that the digital battery passport can help break down information silos among supply chain actors and support recycling and reuse processes. It also provides opportunities for increasing transparency about carbon footprint impacts across battery supply chains, whilst creating a level playing field with horizontal requirements for all supply chain actors irrespective of their origins. Simultaneously, several implementation challenges have also emerged. These include confidentiality concerns and the existence of data silos between battery supply chain actors, a lack of standards to ensure interoperability of data, concerns about reliability and the validity of collected data, and a lack of clarity regarding battery passport responsibilities at different end-of-life stages. The paper recommends that more clarity be provided about battery passport-related responsibilities, that passport data interoperability be supported, and that a platform be created for sharing best practices of battery passport initiatives. |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eps:cepswp:42379 |
| By: | Righetti, Edoardo; Rizos, Vasileios |
| Abstract: | The uptake of strategic green and digital technologies will massively increase demand for critical raw materials (CRMs) over the coming years. CRM supply chains, however, are now heavily concentrated in a limited number of countries, with China holding significant market power. In the EU, this has raised legitimate concerns about its excessive exposure to CRM supply risks – all the more justified amid mounting geopolitical tensions. As a growing number of countries are coming to acknowledge these risks and adopt CRM strategies, the Critical Raw Materials Act was the EU’s response to these concerns. As the EU consolidates its CRM strategy, several realistic policy options emerge. Domestically, there is potential to produce both primary and secondary CRMs at scale, yet significant time and resources will be required to turn this potential into large-scale production. Mining operations still face a host of challenges, including lengthy permitting processes and public opposition, as well as a possible lack of specialised workforce and difficulty in attracting private capital. Overall, the absence of a comprehensive mapping of EU resources leaves a substantial degree of uncertainty as to the underground potential of the continent. Given the intrinsic limitations of domestic sourcing, the EU will need to consider a broader policy toolkit, especially in the short term. Material substitution and resource efficiency might play non-negligible roles, provided continued research and innovation efforts support the market uptake of alternative solutions. On the international front, both trade policy and international cooperation hold significant prospects for mitigating CRM supply risks. For the former, this entails lowering tariff and non-tariff barriers to CRM trade. For the latter, it means engaging in business-oriented strategic partnerships to channel know-how and capital into extra-EU production capacity. Multilateral fora such as the Minerals Security Partnership and the Critical Raw Materials Clubs promise to play an important role in coordinating global efforts. If properly managed, stockpiling CRMs can also help shield against short-term supply or price shocks. Building upon existing evidence and expert inputs, this CEPS In-Depth Analysis provides an overview of EU CRM supply risks and the options available for securing access to these resources. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eps:cepswp:41929 |
| By: | Xu, Tao; Hu, Yabei |
| Abstract: | The government of China, to hone manufacturing’s competitive edge, has adopted a series of regional industrial policies to stimulate advanced manufacturing clusters as facilitators of agglomeration effects, utilisers of factor endowments, and implementers of innovation solutions, by playing the role of facilitating state. Focusing on advanced manufacturing cluster policies in East China’s Jiangsu Province, the research employs a mixed data analysis methodology on a sample of 52 documents collected from the Jiangsu government and affiliated units. The policy orientations and priorities are examined under the triple analytical framework in terms of themes, instruments, and controls, applying textual mining and the PMC index model. The results reveal the alignment of policy themes with high-quality development strategy, the government preferences for the supply dimension in policy instruments, the emphasis on planning directive in policy controls, together with the relatively high internal consistency of the AMC policy toolkit by Jiangsu. Therefore, the research spotlights the importance of leveraging comparative strengths based upon the facilitating state institution, and of deploying internally coherent, scientific, and efficient initiatives that exploit more potential of advanced manufacturing clusters to foster sustainable prosperity from the perspective of new structural economics. |
| Keywords: | Advanced Manufacturing Cluster; Regional Industrial Policy; Mixed Text Analysis; Facilitating State; East China’s Jiangsu Province |
| JEL: | L5 L6 O1 O14 O19 O2 O24 O25 O3 O4 R5 |
| Date: | 2023–02–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:120904 |
| By: | Inphonephong, Souphalack (International Water Management Institute); Phounvisouk, L.; Sonethavixay, Sengphachanh (International Water Management Institute); Maniphet, P.; Soulinh, T.; Vanhnalat, B.; Sisengnam, K.; Vongthilath, S. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural practices; Policies; Agroecology; Stakeholders |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052514 |
| By: | Phounvisouk, L.; Sonethavixay, Sengphachanh (International Water Management Institute); Inphonephong, Souphalack (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness; Public-private partnerships; Policies; Public-private cooperation; Farmers organizations; Communities; Case studies; Rubber |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052861 |
| By: | Black, Andrew M.; Bradley, Sue; Clark, Beth; Colman, Ewan; Gosling, Nicole; Hanley, Nicholas; Holloway, Lewis; Kao, Rowland; Mahon, Niamh; Proctor, Amy |
| Abstract: | Epidemiology is a field in which the aim is to identify the characteristics, causes and means of control of conditions that exist outside of physiological norms. For both infectious and non-infectious diseases, genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioural factors can all influence the risk of acquiring disease, meaning that, despite differences in how they manifest, the problems and solutions associated with them can be remarkably similar. Epidemiology has always made use of ideas and techniques from other disciplines that help to achieve its aims, but typically takes a “toolbox” approach, bringing in data, techniques and methods and insights that support epidemiologists to solve problems they already perceive as important. However, it is not necessarily sufficient for tackling “wicked” disease problems which may require long-term investments in interdisciplinary teams, with members working together in finding shared solutions to disease, and to educate and be educated in different disciplinary perspectives on the problem. For endemic diseases in particular, while methods of control and even eradication do exist it is often the case that they are not put into practice. Here, we address two exemplar endemic diseases in the context of farming in England: Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) in cows, and lameness in cattle and sheep. These diseases were selected because of their significance to UK livestock agriculture and their contrasting epidemiologies. Both are highly impactful and have been recognised for at least half a century as among the biggest threats to livestock health, welfare and productivity in England. In both cases, while historically embedded social factors have been central to their persistence, the reluctance of social scientists and and historians to issue normative guidelines means that they are less able to offer explicit advice to policy, hindering the adoption of broader interdisciplinary perspectives. To fill some of the gaps in that advice, here we suggest approaches to bringing a broad range of observers to bear on them. First, while BVD and lameness are both quite well understood and ‘educating’ farmers (as often advocated in studies informed by ‘theory of planned behaviour approaches’) by treating veterinary perspectives as normative is unlikely to be universally successful. Farmers’ perspectives often have their own logics that are informed by individual circumstances and past experiences which veterinarians and other advisors can fail to appreciate. Second, we note that both farmers and consumers have shown they value health in terms of impacts on welfare and production, however ‘welfare’, like ‘health’ is likely to be perceived differently by farmers compared to veterinarians, and this requires further study. Finally, the new policy contexts of animal health as public good presents important opportunities. Beyond these general lessons, there are also particular issues for each disease. For BVD, with the uneven distribution of costs and benefits, differences in farming perspectives make it highly unlikely that the industry will come together around a voluntary BVD eradication scheme that rests on testing and trading controls. and much can be learned from the countries that are already on that journey or have reached their destination. By contrast, for lameness, where risk-factors are multi-factorial and usually highly localized, universal approaches make little sense. Here, industry-led schemes make more sense because lameness control (unlike BVD) is not a zero-sum game. Moreover, because lameness is pathologically and epidemiologically complex, and rooted in farming systems that can be difficult to change substantially, eradication is extremely hard if not impossible to achieve so local measures make more sense. In both cases, greater understanding of farmer priorities can help to identify ways to make farmers and other farm-based actors such as family members and farm workers more amenable to scientific advances, by identifying (ahead of time) potential barriers. Animal disease problems inevitably involve a complex presentation of natural and behavioural factors. By working together, we have been better placed to understand how those pieces can fit together. |
| Date: | 2024–10–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:tnhyq |
| By: | Bach, Amadeus (U of Mannheim); Onori, Simona (Stanford U); Reichelstein, Stefan J. (U of Mannheim and Stanford U); Zhuang, Jihan (Stanford U) |
| Abstract: | The rapidly growing number of lithium-ion battery packs deployed in electric vehicles (EVs) entails enormous economic potential for used EV batteries to be redeployed in a second life application, e.g., for behind-the-meter stationary energy storage. To examine this potential, we develop a generic economic valuation model for used capacity assets in which second life usage requires repurposing costs and delays the receipt of recycling payoffs. Our model estimates point to a robust economic case for repurposing battery packs with iron-based cathodes (LFP batteries). Specifically, we project that the fair market value of LFP batteries exiting from electric vehicles generally exceeds 40% of the market value of a new battery. The value retention shares of used LFP packs are substantially higher in the U.S. market than in China, owing to the fact that new batteries are traded at higher market prices in the U.S. In contrast, our findings point only to a marginal economic case for repurposing batteries with nickel-cobalt-based cathodes (NCX batteries) in the context of the U.S. market. This finding reflects the relatively large recycling payoffs available from nickel and cobalt as well as the relatively short life cycle of NCX cathodes. For the Chinese market, we obtain the unambiguous conclusion that owners of NCX batteries are better off not incurring the requisite repurposing costs but instead immediately collecting the available recycling payoff. |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecl:stabus:4203 |
| By: | Di Bartolo, Ary L.; Zanfrillo, Alicia Inés; Maggiore, Marina A.; Glas, Yamila |
| Abstract: | Las crecientes exigencias normativas sobre la disposición de desechos, junto con la preocupación de diversos agentes de la sociedad por el impacto antrópico de la industria pesquera, han impulsado el interés por el reaprovechamiento de residuos en nuevas cadenas de valor. Uno de los desechos más problemáticos es el generado por el proceso de salazón de anchoíta (Engraulis anchoita), que se vierten en rellenos sanitarios o se utilizan como insumos en la producción de harina, lo que requiere agua para su lavado. Esta situación ha llevado a explorar su aprovechamiento en diferentes sectores económicos. El objetivo del trabajo es diseñar un sistema de monitoreo inteligente mediante la incorporación de IoT (Internet de las Cosas) entre las incubadoras con sustrato inoculado y el sistema informático, para obtener un alimento fúngico basado en residuos vegetales y pesqueros. El sistema mejora la eficiencia y sostenibilidad de la producción mediante el seguimiento en tiempo real de parámetros ambientales esenciales, como temperatura y humedad, garantizando así un producto de calidad a través de controles y alertas para un cultivo sostenible. |
| Keywords: | Internet; Cadena de Valor; Utilización de Residuos; Anchoita; Hongos; |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4201 |
| By: | Jose González Mínguez (BANCO DE ESPAÑA) |
| Abstract: | Europe is facing a number of major challenges in the near future, including managing the climate transition, the effects of technological transformations and geopolitical changes. European and national authorities are aware that the tools currently in place are insufficient to address these challenges and that a determined reform drive is therefore needed. At the start of a new European institutional cycle, the set of proposals in the Letta report, aimed at completing the Single Market and adapting it to the new circumstances, constitute a major contribution to the European economic policy debate. The most important initiatives include the revitalisation of the capital markets union, the creation of a pan-European State aid scheme based on national contributions, the promulgation of a European code of commercial law as an alternative to the harmonisation of the 27 existing national systems, the incorporation into the Single Market of sectors that have so far been largely outside it (such as energy and telecommunications) or, in the legislative field, the prioritisation of the use of regulations, which are directly applicable in the Member States, over directives, which require transposition into the legal systems of each country. The report’s diagnosis is largely shared by the various national authorities, who also welcomed the main thrust of the proposals. However, it is not difficult to see that the implementation of the latter requires a consensus that, in practice, may be difficult to achieve. |
| Keywords: | Single Market, European integration, capital markets union, industrial policy, competitiveness, climate change, geopolitics, innovation |
| JEL: | E61 E62 F13 F15 F36 F45 G28 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bde:opaper:2430e |
| By: | Verónica Farreras (UnCUYO - CONICET); Laura Ortega (FCPyS - UnCUYO) |
| Abstract: | Un desafío importante al que se enfrentan actualmente los responsables de la formulación de políticas es adaptar las nuevas instituciones o las existentes a los contextos y valores culturales y ecológicos locales. La evaluación del desempeño institucional es determinante para guiar ese esfuerzo, en particular en la medida en que ayuda a identificar las raíces de las discrepancias entre las intenciones y los resultados de las políticas. Sin embargo, hasta el momento, la literatura que trata con la gobernanza de las infraestructuras energéticas no ha prestado suficiente atención a en qué medida estas discrepancias han sido impulsadas por factores subyacentes al contexto político-institucional en el que operan. Usando un estudio de caso en la provincia de Mendoza, exploramos cuáles fueron los factores contextuales de las discrepancias en las políticas de energía hidroeléctrica durante el periodo 1884 a 1958. Para ello se utiliza la versión extendida del marco de Análisis y Desarrollo Institucional propuesta por Clement (2010). Este marco permite analizar los procesos de política considerando simultáneamente las instituciones, el contexto político-económico y los discursos en todos los niveles de gobernanza. Se espera que los resultados obtenidos guíen el diseño y respalden la difusión de recomendaciones de políticas de energía hidroeléctrica para promover el desarrollo de infraestructuras funcionales y sólidas a lo largo del tiempo. |
| Keywords: | gobernanza de las infraestructuras energéticas, políticas de energía hidroeléctrica, Análisis y Desarrollo Institucional, nexo agua y energía, provincia de Mendoza |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aoz:wpaper:343 |
| By: | Neurath, Christopher |
| Abstract: | BACKGROUND: Extensive academic research has documented the tobacco industry's manipulation of science. Recently, scholars have begun examining the sugar industry’s use of similar tactics to downplay sugar’s role in obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and tooth decay. Archival records show sugar-industry-funded scientists criticized evidence linking sugar to these harms and deflected attention to other risk factors. Sugar’s connection to tooth decay has been the most difficult harm for the industry to deny. Evidence is emerging that the industry turned to promoting fluoride as the solution to tooth decay thereby averting calls for reducing sugar consumption. Newly accessible sugar and dental industry documents enable investigation into whether fluoride research was manipulated to deflect from sugar’s role in tooth decay, and later to defend fluoride when evidence of fluoride’s own harmful effects arose. METHOD: Internal documents from sugar and dental organizations were examined and compared to the published scientific record. The Industries Documents collection at the University of California San Francisco was the main source of records. Analysis was in the context of the current understanding of how vested interests manipulate science to defend their products. RESULTS: Records dating back to the 1930s demonstrate the sugar industry, sometimes in cooperation with dental interests, exaggerated fluoride’s effectiveness and downplayed safety concerns. The sugar industry’s science manipulation campaign preceded the better-known tobacco industry campaign defending cigarettes. Key leaders of the sugar industry’s campaign transferred to the tobacco industry, which then adopted many of the sugar industry’s tactics and financed research from some of the same sugar-conflicted scientists. Currently, a prominent safety issue with fluoride is developmental neurotoxicity. Evidence indicates that researchers with undisclosed conflicts of interest with sugar and allied industries produced biased reviews downplaying this risk. CONCLUSION: Recently available records reveal a long history of the sugar industry distorting fluoride science. Many of the sugar industry's tactics were later adopted by the tobacco industry and mirrored by industries involved in asbestos, lead, pesticides, climate change denial, and others. Researchers and policymakers should be aware of the distorted scientific record regarding fluoride effectiveness and toxicity. |
| Date: | 2024–11–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:yskz9 |