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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Sirini Jeudy-Hugo; Luca Lo Re; Coline Pouille; Heeweon Hyun |
| Abstract: | Under the Paris Agreement, Parties are to put forward their next nationally determined contributions (NDCs) in February 2025. The outcomes of the first global stocktake (GST1) provides key signals to inform this next round of NDCs, including the adoption of economy-wide emission reduction targets, as well as global calls to achieve net-zero emissions in the energy sector by mid-century and halt deforestation and forest degradation by 2030. This paper explores how Parties can take forward these global calls in their next NDCs. Information provided by Parties in their NDCs and biennial transparency reports (BTRs) on their responses to the global energy and forestry calls will be important for assessing collective ambition and progress towards the GST1 mitigation outcomes. Drawing on lessons from experiences, this paper also explores how to gear the next NDCs towards implementation and investment. Underpinning NDCs with more granular information, whether in the NDC or in subsequent documents, establishing robust whole-of-government approaches and inclusive stakeholder engagement processes, can help to meet the needs of different actors, unlock finance and investment, and support the delivery of climate actions. |
| Keywords: | BTRs, Climate change, Deforestation, Global stocktake, NDCs, Paris Agreement, Transparency, UNFCCC |
| JEL: | F53 H87 Q54 Q56 Q58 O44 |
| Date: | 2024–10–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaab:2024/03-en |
| By: | Sarah Gust |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses signifcant risks due to rising frequency and severity of natural disasters. These disasters can disrupt education through school closures, infrastructure damage, fnancial stress, and health issues. This study assesses their impact on student achievement by combining US county-level data on FEMA disaster declarations with the Stanford Education Data Archive. Exploiting variation in disasters across counties and years in a staggered two-way fxed effects design, event study estimates reveal a persistent negative effect of natural disasters on student achievement for up to fve years post disaster. Counties with above-average per-pupil expenditure show quicker recovery. The study sheds light on effect heterogeneity by gender, socio-economic background, and disaster characteristics. |
| Keywords: | Natural Disasters, Student Achievement, Education Economics, Disaster Resilience, Human Capital |
| JEL: | Q54 I21 I25 O44 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ifowps:_413 |
| By: | Trung V. Vu |
| Abstract: | This paper establishes a statistically and economically significant cross-country relationship between national responses to climate change and genetic distance, which is a proxy for countries’ dissimilarities in cultures, ancestry, and historical legacies associated with long-term exposure to divergent historical trajectories. It finds that countries that are genetically distant to the world-leading nation-state of climate change mitigation tend to experience barriers to the cross-border diffusion of climate change policies and hence exhibit worse responses to climate change. A potential explanation is that climate change polices are more likely to spread between closely related countries with more similar preferences for the provision of the public goods of environmental and climate protection. The findings imply that strengthening climate change mitigation requires overcoming obstacles to international policy diffusion. |
| Keywords: | genetic distance, long-term relatedness, climate change, policy diffusion |
| JEL: | O11 O13 O33 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2024-66 |
| By: | Bell, Karen; Hickel, Jason; Arbon, Rob; Zoomkawala, Huzaifa |
| Abstract: | This article examines two major policy frameworks for achieving sustainable development: the market-based ‘Green Economy’ approach (exemplified by South Korea), and the redistributive ‘Living Well’ approach (exemplified by Bolivia). We compare the two paradigms in qualitative terms using document analysis, and we assess quantitatively how they have fared in terms of delivering progress towards sustainable development in each country. Time series data for the Sustainable Development Index and the Gini index were examined. The results show that, since ‘Living Well’ was initiated, social outcomes have continued to improve in Bolivia and, while emissions and material footprint have increased, they remain low and within or near sustainable boundaries. By contrast, South Korea has regressed in terms of sustainability. Social indicators have improved, but the Green Economy policy has failed to reduce ecological pressures. This raises significant questions about the legitimacy of the Green Economy paradigm as a model for achieving sustainable development. |
| Keywords: | economic growth; environmental policy; equity; socialism; sustainability transitions; well-being |
| JEL: | O40 Q01 Q56 D63 H23 |
| Date: | 2023–10–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:125896 |
| By: | Aleksandrova, Mariya; Banerjee, Aparajita; da Cunha, Marcelo Inácio; Rodríguez de Francisco, Jean Carlo; Brüntrup, Michael; Malerba, Daniele |
| Abstract: | The ever-deepening planetary crisis stipulates the urgency of bringing the Rio Conventions - the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) - closer together to achieve common goals and overcome trade-offs. The 2024 meetings of the Conferences of the Parties (COPs), the supreme decision-making bodies of the Conven-tions, offer a window of opportunity towards that end. High-level political momentum was created with the official launch of the pioneering Rio Trio Initiative in the run-up of the three COPs in September to catalyse urgent collaboration between the three Rio Conventions to achieve sustainable futures for all. This Policy Brief explores entry points for enhanced cooperation and coordination with a focus on three emerging themes under the UNFCCC: nature-based solutions (NbS), loss and damage, and just transition pathways. In addition, we argue that the Rio Conventions offer multilateral and national platforms for integrating common justice principles (distributive, procedural, recognition, restorative, cosmopolitan, ecological) to meet shared goals across these three themes. |
| Keywords: | climate governance, loss and damage, nature-based solutions, just transition, environmental justice, social justice, climate finance, biodiversity, drought, land degradation |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:idospb:305244 |
| By: | Abeliansky, Ana Lucia; Prettner, Klaus; Rodriguez-Crespo, Ernesto |
| Abstract: | What are the environmental impacts of the increasing use of automation technologies? To answer this question, we propose a model of production in the age of automation that incorporates emission externalities. We derive a threshold condition subject to which the use of industrial robots affects emissions. This model leads to three testable predictions, i) the use of industrial robots causes higher emissions on average, ii) with increasing efficiency of industrial robots, the effect becomes weaker and could turn negative, and iii) in countries in which electricity is predominantly produced using (clean) renewable energy, industrial robot use has the potential of decreasing emissions. Empirically, we find support for the theoretical hypotheses implying that the effect of automation on emissions is non-linear or moderated by other variables. |
| Keywords: | Automation; Robots; Emissions; Climate Change |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wus005:68239986 |
| By: | Ana Abeliansky (Austrian National Bank (OeNB)); Klaus Prettner (Department of Economics, Vienna University of Economics and Business); Ernesto Rodríguez Crespo (Department of Economic Structure and Development Economics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) |
| Abstract: | What are the environmental impacts of the increasing use of automation technologies? To answer this question, we propose a model of production in the age of automation that incorporates emission externalities. We derive a threshold condition subject to which the use of industrial robots affects emissions. This model leads to three testable predictions, i) the use of industrial robots causes higher emissions on average, ii) with increasing efficiency of industrial robots, the effect becomes weaker and could turn negative, and iii) in countries in which electricity is predominantly produced using (clean) renewable energy, industrial robot use has the potential of decreasing emissions. Empirically, we find support for the theoretical hypotheses implying that the effect of automation on emissions is non-linear or moderated by other variables. |
| Keywords: | Automation, Robots, Emissions, Climate Change |
| JEL: | O11 O33 O44 Q54 Q55 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwwuw:wuwp370 |
| By: | Jose A Scheinkman |
| Abstract: | I discuss recent research joint with J Assunção, L P Hansen and T Munson that shows that reforestation in tropical forests has great potential for carbon capture. This research accounts for the dynamics of carbon accumulation in tropical forests and uses a rich data set from the Brazilian Amazon, which encompasses 60% of the largest tropical forest on earth. Specifically, we document that (a) in a business-as-usual scenario, the Brazilian Amazon would emit 17 Gigatons of CO2e in the next 30 years and (b) with transfers to Brazil of $25 per net ton of CO2e captured, optimal land use would imply substantial reforestation in areas currently used for low-productivity cattle ranching, yielding 15 Gigatons of CO2e capture in 30 years. Transfers of $25/ton compare very favorably with other CCS schemes or with prices in carbon trading markets. The total change in trajectory, 32 Gigatons, is large relative to the carbon budget estimated to avoid 50% odds of exceeding 1.5℃ warming. I discuss structures that would give incentives for Brazil not to abandon carbon-capture in the future. I also briefly summarize work in Araujo et al. (2023) that shows that forest degradation in the Amazon generates substantial negative externalities to other portions of the forest. |
| Keywords: | climate change, carbon emissions, carbon capture, reforestation, tropical forests |
| JEL: | Q01 Q23 Q54 Q57 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bis:biswps:1223 |
| By: | Ivey, Cesunica; Nguyen, Alexander; Xu, Ruifeng; Hao, Peng; Barth, Matthew |
| Abstract: | Traffic and air pollution pose significant challenges to environmental sustainability in the South Coast Air Basin, particularly in urban areas like Riverside, California, where major highways contribute to high levels of background air pollution. This study investigates the impact of traffic-related air pollutants, specifically NO2 and PM2.5, in Riverside's Innovation Corridor, a six-mile roadway serving key urban centers and logistics activities. Utilizing a low-cost, measurement-based approach over a one yearperiod, the researchers employed gradient-boosted regression trees to model pollutant concentrations based on traffic and meteorological conditions. Preliminary findings indicate that background PM2.5 and relative humidity are crucial drivers for local PM2.5 levels, while NO2 concentrations are influenced by daily traffic patterns. The study confirms that NO2, a primary pollutant, is closely linked to daily activity, whereas PM2.5 is influenced by regional trends and local meteorology. These insights suggest that pollution reduction strategies should focus on NO2 emissions while also considering the complex dynamics of PM2.5. The study highlights the need for further investigation into the sources of NO2 and the effectiveness of proposed traffic interventions in improving local air quality. Future analyses will aim to evaluate the impact of modifications in traffic patterns on pollutantlevels along the corridor. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Traffic, air pollution, vehicle miles traveled, air quality, goods movement |
| Date: | 2022–12–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt1wb0p4rk |
| By: | Bénédicte Coestier; Mathieu Bernard; Fabienne Llense; Maxime Lucet |
| Abstract: | During the 2010s, mandatory disclosure of extra-financial information in France has been encouraged by five major laws passed to reinforce corporate social, environmental and climate responsibility of systemic actors, key to the transition process to a low-carbon, circular and sustainable economy. Whether these laws are paper tigers is of the utmost importance in understanding, notably, how firms disclose whendisclosure is mandatory. Considering laws as linguistic formulations and their meanings, we provide a qualitative analysis of Universal Reporting Documents of some of the largest publicly traded French companies (CAC40). We demonstrate that this intense regulation period has fostered a common language, instilling an environmental and climate reporting culture. In addition, based on a variety of accountability profiles - responsiveness-oriented, controllabillity-oriented, and out-of-step firms -, we highlight diverse dynamics as to the appropriation of the successive laws, along with private and institutional standards. |
| Keywords: | Mandatory disclosure, Accountability, Textual analysis, Environment, Climate, Law analysis |
| JEL: | C43 C81 C88 D83 K20 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2024-32 |
| By: | Josué, ANDRIANADY; RAVELOSON, Rojo Armel |
| Abstract: | This manual offers a comprehensive overview of key economic theories applied to environmental issues. It covers classical views of nature as a resource, externalities theory, and critiques of the "Tragedy of the Commons" by Hardin and Ostrom. Behavioral economics concepts, such as status quo bias and nudging, are examined in environmental decision-making. The manual also discusses environmental justice, focusing on the North-South divide and its historical and structural causes. Finally, it explores the transition to a sustainable economy, addressing green growth, post-growth, and climate change challenges. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics Sustainable Development Natural Resources Market Failure Externalities Public Goods Climate Change Economic Policy Resource Management Economic Theory Welfare Economics Ecological Economics Environmental Justice Cost-Benefit Analysis Biodiversity Conservation |
| JEL: | A1 B3 N0 Q0 Z1 Z13 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122266 |
| By: | Hastreiter, Nikolaus |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effectiveness of collective investor engagement in regulating corporate climate action. Empirically, I focus on Climate Action 100+ (CA100+), the world’s largest investor coalition on climate change. To address common measurement issues in previous research, I conduct a multidimensional assessment of companies’ climate action. In particular, I collect new primary data on the ambition of carbon emission reduction targets and use the ClimateBERT model to analyse climate-related disclosure. To isolate the causal impact of CA100+, I examine the selection of the coalition’s focus companies and employ a Difference-in-differences analysis. While the findings suggest that CA100+ has had no effect on companies’ disclosures or reductions in carbon emissions, I observe a significant impact on targets. However, this effect holds only for medium- and long-term targets, not in the short-term, and is exclusively driven by companies potentially selected based on prior investor knowledge. Overall, this study finds limited effectiveness of collective engagement through CA100+. It raises questions about the importance of investor selectivity for engagement success and highlights the risk of companies backloading their decarbonisation efforts. |
| JEL: | Q50 M14 |
| Date: | 2024–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:125852 |
| By: | Suphi Sen; Serhan Sadikoglu; Changjing Ji; Edwin van der Werf |
| Abstract: | We estimate the effect of the staggered adoption of carbon pricing policies across the globe between 1990 and 2017 on per capita CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Applying recent econometric techniques robust to treatment effect heterogeneity, we find reductions of 8 to 12 percent on average. Our dynamic treatment effect estimations indicate gradual adjustments after implementation, resulting in a 19 to 23 percent decrease after 10 years. These effects were primarily driven by resource substitution rather than improvements in energy efficiency, largely independent of the potential effects of renewable energy policies, and were not driven by short-term responses to carbon prices. These results highlight the role of carbon pricing policies in steering medium-term expectations and complementing the climate policy mix. |
| Keywords: | carbon pricing, cap and trade, emission trading, carbon tax, staggered design, dynamic treatment effects |
| JEL: | Q41 Q48 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11291 |
| By: | Rabi Mohtar |
| Abstract: | It is estimated that $1 trillion to $6 trillion per year (up to 2050) needs to be invested globally if the world is to stay below the 2°C global warming ceiling of the Paris Agreement and to meet its adaptation goals. Currently, investments stand at about $630 billion per year, way below the original target. And although great efforts have been made in the climate-finance area, more than 70% of the funds deployed have gone to one sector, renewable energy, followed by the transportation sector. The agriculture sector has been severely underfunded, even though it produces 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions. This leaves the most vulnerable communities at risk as the effects of climate change are already impacting this sector intensely. In this policy brief, four principles are proposed as a foundation when deploying funds into climate-change mitigation and adaptation projects: equity, creativity, impact, and transparency. Climate finance has an enormous potential to make bigger impacts when the right principles are applied. |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb_20_23 |
| By: | Yves Jégourel |
| Abstract: | La fin des stratégies d’intégration verticale constitue le corollaire naturel de la baisse durable du prix de la quasi-totalité des produits de base observée depuis de nombreux mois. S’il apparait encore prématuré d’affirmer avec précision quelles seront les conséquences de cette déconsolidation dans la chaine de valeur des matières premières, il est cependant probable que le rôle stratégique du négoce physique se renforce. Sous une telle hypothèse, les stratégies industrielles des pays en développement et exportateurs de produits de base pourraient devoir muter et désormais favoriser en priorité l’optimisation des circuits de distribution internationaux et la gestion du risque de prix. |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:none |
| By: | Batsukh, Daginnas; Tao, Jill Leslie; Puntsagnamjil, Mend-Amgalan |
| Abstract: | This research, a collaborative effort, aims to bridge the gap between governance recommendations at the international level for Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and local practice (local perspectives). It explores local stakeholders’ environmental concerns through demographic attributes, including gender, education, and generational cohort. Stakeholders' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding environmental concerns were assessed within the context of the local mid-term restoration program, Green Darkhan-2030, in Darkhan City, Mongolia. 266 participants from the "Green Darkhan-2030 forum, " who are considered key stakeholders of the local restoration program, completed our survey. To ensure the reliability of the survey findings, interviews were conducted with 16 stakeholder representatives, including residents, government officials, NGOs, research and training organizations, and international organizations. The data were categorized into five groups using 24 indicator statements: environmental policy knowledge, climate change awareness, attitudes on environmental pollution, land degradation awareness, and sustainability practices. We saw variations in environmental concern across different generations, including Gen Z, Millennials, Gen X, and Baby Boomers, with young Millennials aged 27 to 35 demonstrating significantly higher levels of environmental concern. The research findings also provide valuable insights into the impact of gender differences on pollution and degradation concerns. While education significantly influences environmental concerns, we found that it had a limited impact on climate change awareness, urban greening, and environmental policy knowledge. These research findings have since been incorporated into the Darkhan City midterm restoration program, ensuring that the perspectives and insights of stakeholders will help to shape future efforts. |
| Date: | 2024–10–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:eux56 |
| By: | Fernandez-Bou, Angel Santiago; Rodriguez-Flores, Jose M.; Ortiz-Partida, J. Pablo; Fencl, Amanda; Classen-Rodriguez, Leticia; Yang, Vivian; Williams, Emily; Schull, Val Zayden; Dobbin, Kristin; Penny, Gopal |
| Abstract: | There is not enough water in California to support current water uses and preserve healthy environments. California aquifers have been systematically depleted over decades, causing household water insecurity, degrading groundwater-dependent ecosystems, affecting small and medium farmers, and inducing subsidence. The California government enacted the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act a decade ago to prevent declining aquifer levels from continuing to cause undesirable results. This law has indirectly driven the necessity to reduce irrigated agriculture by about half a million hectares. If this change is left to market forces alone, cropland retirement could disrupt local economies and vulnerable communities, increasing the levels of injustice for local residents and threatening farmer and farmworker livelihoods. However, if cropland repurposing is organized and managed correctly and collaboratively among the stakeholders involved, it could improve quality of life in disadvantaged agricultural communities, diversify the economy, create more local socioeconomic opportunities, and increase environmental health while promoting food and nutrition security and advancing water sustainability. In this study, we present a systems-level, coproduced Framework of best practices in cropland repurposing to achieve socioenvironmental and economic benefits for all. The Framework is informed and supported by peer-reviewed science, authors’ first-hand experiences, and public engagement about the topic for several years. Our team includes scientists, community leaders, and other experts in cropland repurposing, socioenvironmental justice, agriculture, climate change, land trusts, disadvantaged communities, energy, Indigenous knowledge, and ecosystems. The Framework includes guiding objectives and best practices to overcome co-occurring challenges that prioritize public health, justice, equitable development, sustainable agriculture, green economies, protection to vulnerable groups, education, grassroots leadership, and cultural preservation. We conduct an extensive literature review of the current status quo and to support the best practices identified in our Framework. This review and coproduced Framework aim to ensure that anyone following these best practices can develop new solutions without causing new problems, while fully considering the impacts on all groups affected firsthand by cropland repurposing. |
| Date: | 2024–10–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:bvfsm |
| By: | Rabi Mohtar |
| Abstract: | It is estimated that $1 trillion to $6 trillion per year (up to 2050) needs to be invested globally if the world is to stay below the 2°C global warming ceiling of the Paris Agreement and to meet its adaptation goals. Currently, investments stand at about $630 billion per year, way below the original target. And although great efforts have been made in the climate-finance area, more than 70% of the funds deployed have gone to one sector, renewable energy, followed by the transportation sector. The agriculture sector has been severely underfunded, even though it produces 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions. This leaves the most vulnerable communities at risk as the effects of climate change are already impacting this sector intensely. In this policy brief, four principles are proposed as a foundation when deploying funds into climate-change mitigation and adaptation projects: equity, creativity, impact, and transparency. Climate finance has an enormous potential to make bigger impacts when the right principles are applied. |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb_20_23 |
| By: | Rim Berahab |
| Abstract: | Carbon pricing mechanisms are central to mitigating climate change. These mechanisms work by internalizing the costs associated with greenhouse gas emissions, thus encouraging emissions reductions and promoting technological progress in favor of sustainable alternatives. However, the implementation of carbon pricing mechanisms faces numerous complexities and challenges, especially in developing countries, given the potentially regressive impact of carbon pricing on low-income groups, and the general lack of socio- political support. This policy paper offers a comparative review of two market-based carbon pricing strategies—carbon taxes and emissions trading systems (ETS)—to shed light on their effectiveness, implementation, and capacity to generate revenue. It also argues that carbon pricing should be integrated into a comprehensive policy framework that addresses both national priorities and international equity considerations, in order to effectively address global climate change. The effectiveness of these policies depends largely on their design and adaptation to the specific political and economic contexts in which they are implemented. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaeco:pp_07-24 |
| By: | Gaël Mariani (UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Fabien Moullec (UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Trisha B Atwood; Beverley Clarkson; Richard T Conant; Leanne Cullen-Unsworth; Bronson Griscom; Julian Gutt; Jennifer Howard; Dorte Krause- Jensen; Sara M Leavitt; Shing Yip Lee; Stephen J Livesley; Peter I Macreadie; Michael St-John; Chris Zganjar; William W L Cheung; Carlos M Duarte; Yunne-Jai Shin; Gerald G Singh; Nicolas Loiseau (UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Marc Troussellier (UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); David Mouillot (UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Combating climate change and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are two important challenges humanity is facing. Natural Climate Solutions (NCS) can contribute to the achievement of these two commitments but can also generate conflicting trade-offs. Here, we reviewed the literature and used expert knowledge to assess co-benefits and trade-offs between 12 NCS-related ecosystems and 150 SDG targets. We show that terrestrial, coastal and marine NCS enable the achievement of a different set of SDG targets with low redundancy. Implementing NCS in various ecosystems would therefore maximise the achievement of SDG targets but would also induce trade-offs, particularly if best practices are not followed. As the world prepares to deploy NCS at large scales, these trade-offs need to be considered to ensure that NCS achieve widespread climate outcomes while also delivering a large breadth of SDG targets for diverse stakeholder |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04756965 |
| By: | Benjamin Chipperfield (Economics, Monash University); Paulo Santos (Economics, Monash University); Carly Cook (Biological Sciences, Monash University) |
| Abstract: | Reducing the impact of large-scale biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning and human wellbeing requires understanding which aspects of biodiversity are central to the ecosystem services on which humans rely. Despite this need, the impact of biodiversity on fishing yield in freshwater systems is not well understood. Using detailed data on fish catch and estimates of fish functional diversity in the Mekong River Basin, we build on the ecological notion of the river continuum concept (that links biological diversity with the natural variation in the physical environment along a river) to show that higher levels of diversity lead to economically significant increases in freshwater fish yield. We also show that local fisheries are vulnerable to the extinction of a small number of key species which, if lost, could compromise the productivity of local fisheries. Our analysis suggests that achieving win-win solutions that link biodiversity protection with improvements in economic outcomes in freshwater fisheries may require well targeted conservation efforts. |
| Keywords: | freshwater fisheries, biodiversity, functional richness, river continuum theory, community composition |
| JEL: | Q22 Q57 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mos:moswps:2024-18 |
| By: | Anthony R. Harding; Juan Moreno-Cruz |
| Abstract: | With the rapid expansion of Artificial Intelligence, there are expectations for a proportional expansion of economic activity due to increased productivity, and with it energy consumption and its associated environmental consequences like carbon dioxide emissions. Here, we combine data on economic activity, with early estimates of likely adoption of AI across occupations and industries, to estimate the increase in energy use and carbon dioxide emissions at the industry level and in aggregate for the US economy. At the industry level, energy use can increase between 0 and 12 PJ per year, while emissions increase between 47 tCO2 and 272 ktCO2. Aggregating across industries in the US economy, this totals an increase in energy consumption of 28 PJ per year, or around 0.03% of energy use per year in the US. We find this translates to an increase in carbon dioxide emissions of 896 ktCO2 per year, or around 0.02% of the CO2 emissions per year in the US. |
| Keywords: | artificial intelligence, energy, climate change |
| JEL: | O44 Q43 Q54 Q55 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11360 |
| By: | Emanuela Benincasa (Swiss Finance Institute; University of Zurich - Department of Finance); Olimpia Carradori (Swiss Finance Institute - University of Zurich); Miguel A. Ferreira (Nova School of Business and Economics; European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI); Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)); Emilia Garcia-Appendini (Norges Bank; University of St. Gallen - School of Finance; Swiss Finance Institute) |
| Abstract: | We show that climate transition risks can significantly disrupt supply chain networks. Specifically, suppliers affected by the California cap-and-trade program are more likely to lose customer relationships and less likely to form new ones compared to their competitors unaffected by the program. The effects are more pronounced among suppliers facing high competitive pressure and producing standardized inputs. Additionally, affected suppliers experience declines in revenues, assets, and profitability. This supply chain rewiring induced by uncoordinated climate policies is consistent with carbon leakage, as customers exposed to the program through production networks show an increase in their supply chain emission intensity. |
| Keywords: | Climate finance, Carbon pricing policy, Carbon emissions, Supply chain, Product market competition, Input specificity |
| JEL: | G32 Q54 Q55 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2456 |
| By: | Savin, Ivan; Mundt, Philipp; Bellanca, Margherita |
| Abstract: | Prior research produced contradicting evidence regarding the role of international influence in the diffusion of climate policies. To unravel this puzzle, we examine various policy instruments adopted by G20 countries, demonstrating that peer pressure stimulates convergence in the number of new policies adopted but divergence in their stringency. This suggests that policymakers emulate the appearance of their peers but not the rigor of regulation, creating opportunities for carbon leakage. |
| Keywords: | climate change, market instruments, policy adoption, variance decomposition, spatial model |
| JEL: | C21 F18 F42 F64 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bamber:305288 |
| By: | Peñaloza-Pacheco, Leonardo; Triantafyllou, Vaios; Martínez, Gonzalo |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we analyze the local environmental and economic impacts of lithium extraction in the Atacama Salt Flat (ASF) inChile. We use satellite data to estimate the effects on vegetation at a resolution of 30m × 30m as well as on the local human populations at a resolution of 100m × 100m near the ASF. We compare changes over time in NDVI and human settlements and show how they are affected by exposure to lithium extraction. Our estimates suggest that an increase of 1 standard deviation in our measure of exposure to lithium extraction reduced vegetation in nearby areas by 0.09 standard deviations, and specifically inhuman settlements by 0.22 standard deviations. Also, human populations in the local villages were reduced by 0.04 standard deviations for 1 standard deviation closer to the ASF. Further, we show that the negative effect on NDVI was greater for thoselocations with higher levels of vegetation at baseline. |
| Keywords: | Ambiente, Cambio climático, Desarrollo, Evaluación de impacto, Recursos naturales, |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbl:dblwop:2173 |
| By: | Prachi Srivastava; Nicholas Bloom; Philip Bunn; Paul Mizen; Gregory Thwaites; Ivan Yotzov |
| Abstract: | We analyse the importance of climate-related investment using a large economy-wide survey of UK firms. Over half of firms expect climate change to have a positive impact on their investment in the medium term, with around a quarter expecting a large impact of over 10%. Around two-thirds of these investments are expected to be in addition to normal capital expenditure, with some firms investing less elsewhere. These investments will be driven by larger firms as well as those in more energy-intensive sectors. Climate investments are expected mainly in switching to green energy sources and improving energy efficiency, and firms expect to finance these mainly using internal cash reserves. Overall, although firms are expecting to invest more resources in adapting to climate change, under reasonable assumptions, these investments are still not sufficient to meet the estimated targets implied by the UK Net Zero Pathway. |
| JEL: | C83 D22 D25 D84 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33081 |
| By: | Hafez Ghanem |
| Abstract: | Humanity is losing the climate battle, and existing international institutions are not delivering on climate change. Hence, there is a need for a new international institution that would be a repository for global knowledge on climate change, and would advise governments on climate policies, develop green projects across the Global South, mobilize financing for those projects, and support project implementation. The proposed Green Bank would be different from existing multilateral development banks: (1) it would include private shareholders as well as governments; (2) voting rights would be organized so that countries of the Global South would have the same voice as countries of the Global North and private shareholders; and (3) it would only finance green projects which could be national, regional, or global. The Green Bank would primarily support private green investments through equity contributions, loans, and guarantees. It could also support public investments by using grants to buy-down the interest on other multilateral development bank loans that finance projects that support adaptation to climate change. The Loss and Damage Fund agreed at COP27 could be the source of those grants. This proposal builds on the Bridgetown Initiative, with the aim of mobilizing private funding, in addition to the public trust fund that the initiative proposes. The Green Bank would partner with other institutions and complement the work of existing multilateral development banks, and of specialized funds. |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb_06-23 |
| By: | Badenhoop, Nikolai; Riedel, Max |
| Abstract: | We examine the EU car labelling regime for CO2 emissions and fuel efficiency under Directive 1999/94/EC and document strongly diverging national labelling methodologies. Our contribution is fourfold. First, we distil the most relevant economic and behavioural research findings on car labelling. Labels effectively help consumers make informed decisions if they are well-designed, comprehensible, and informative about hidden costs. Second, we compare the national car labelling methodologies and find stark inconsistencies, undermining the EU's effort to decarbonise the car sector. Empirically, we find heterogeneous distributions of the national labels if applied to the national and EU car fleets. Third, we assess the EU energy efficiency labelling regime for electric appliances under Regulation (EU) 2017/1369 as a labelling role model. Finally, we propose a standardised EU car label with comparative information in two distinct coloured scales using absolute labelling thresholds for CO2 emissions and fuel or energy efficiency. |
| Keywords: | Car labels, CO2 emissions, Energy efficiency, Fuel economy, Directive 1999/94/EC, Passenger cars, Sustainable transport |
| JEL: | R4 K30 K32 L92 L98 Q48 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:safewp:305283 |
| By: | T. Chamarande (IGE - Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Fédération OSUG - Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); B. Hingray (IGE - Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Fédération OSUG - Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Sandrine Mathy (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | The massive development of mini-grids (MGs) is seen as a promising alternative to the extension of national grids to achieve universal access to electricity. MGs based on solar photovoltaic are often recognized fully consistent with net-zero CO2 emissions objectives. However, if they have low or even no direct emissions from diesel consumption, they embed indirect carbon emissions due to solar panels and batteries manufacturing. Electrification policies, mainly based on the levelized costs of electricity (LCOE), should likely account for the carbon footprints (CFP) of possible electrification strategies. In this work, we assess the CFP of hybrid MGs (solar, battery, diesel) for rural electrification in Africa. We consider a large number of MG configurations for many locations across the continent. For each location, we identify the lowest CFP and LCOE, and estimate their dependency to meteorological and socio-economic factors. Our results show that: (i) the lowest CFP depends on location and is around 200gCO2/kWh; (ii) it can be higher than the CFP of certain African national grids; (iii) the CFP of hybrid MGs can be lower than the CFP of MGs relying only on solar PV; (iv) for most techno-economic and environmental assumptions, moderate LCOE increases allow significant CFP reductions. |
| Keywords: | PV hybrid mini-grids, Rural electrification, Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), Carbon footprint, Africa |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04721670 |
| By: | Rim Berahab |
| Abstract: | The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) has emerged as an important policy tool in the European Union's (EU) efforts to combat climate change and prevent carbon leakage. By put ting a price on carbon emissions embedded in certain goods imported into the EU, the CBAM has the potential to impact economies worldwide, including Morocco. This policy brief examines recent CBAM developments and assesses their implications for Morocco's economy and climate change efforts. It analyzes the challenges that the Moroccan economy may face, including implications for costs , competitiveness, compliance requirements, supply chain adjustments, and increased risk exposure. The brief also highlights the opportunities available to Morocco, and the importance of implementing targeted policies, strengthening the regulatory framework, promoting capacity-building initiatives, and fostering cooperation to navigate the CBAM transition period effectively . By understanding the complexities of CBAM and adopting proactive strategies, Morocco can position itself to capitalize on the opportunities and overcome the challenges presented by this transformative policy. |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb_29_23 |
| By: | Ornella Tarola (DISSE, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy); Emmanuelle Taugourdeau (CNRS, CREST, Palaiseau, France) |
| Abstract: | In light of the ongoing debate on Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR), we wonder whether it is worthwile for industrialized countries to take the lead in reducing emissions, rather than acting simultaneously with less advanced countries. To do this, we compare national payoffs and global emissions in each situation. We also examine whether industrial leakage is an inevitable outcome of asymmetric policies with differentiated abatement responsibilities and, if so, whether unambigously hurts the more industrialized countries. We show that leadership can improve payoffs while reducing global emissions, even though these goals appear to be at odds. |
| Keywords: | Tax Competition, Capital Integration, Global Pollution, Environmental agreements |
| JEL: | H2 R3 R5 Q5 |
| Date: | 2024–11–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crs:wpaper:2024-11 |
| By: | Pañeda-Fernández, Irene; Meierrieks, Daniel |
| Abstract: | How do climate disasters shape migration? The existing evidence presents conflicting and inconclusive findings. To address this question, we theorize the cognitive processes guiding migration decisions in the wake of disasters. On the one hand, the link between climate disasters and migration aspirations may be driven by sudden-onset (e.g. heavy rains, storms and landslides) rather than gradual-onset events (e.g. droughts) because the devastating effect of the former may be easier to perceive. On the other hand, gradual climate disasters may be more influential because they can be perceived as more irreversible given their protracted nature. To test our hypotheses, we analyze original survey data from a representative sample of 5, 700 individuals in Senegal and the Gambia. We show that individual exposure to past climate disasters predicts higher migration aspirations, a result robust to controlling for objective past climate conditions. On closer inspection, we show that only individuals with experience with gradual-onset events report higher migration aspirations, while experience with sudden-onset events has no comparable effect. Consistent with our regression analysis, results from an embedded survey experiment show that informational cues about future climate stress only impact the migration aspirations of individuals which have experienced gradual-onset weather events in the past. |
| Abstract: | Wie wirken sich Klimakatastrophen auf die Migration aus? Die bereits vorliegende Evidenz ist widersprüchlich und nicht schlüssig. Um diese Frage zu klären, stellen wir daher zunächst eine Theorie zu den kognitiven Prozessen auf, die Migrationsentscheidungen in Folge von Klimakatastrophen steuern. Einerseits könnte der Zusammenhang zwischen Klimakatastrophen und Migrationsbestrebungen eher durch plötzlich auftretende Ereignisse (z. B. schwere Regenfälle, Stürme und Erdrutsche) als durch allmählich eintretende Ereignisse (z. B. Dürren) hervorgerufen werden, da die verheerenden Auswirkungen der ersteren möglicherweise leichter wahrgenommen werden können. Andererseits könnten allmählich eintretende Klimakatastrophen einflussreicher sein, da sie aufgrund ihrer Langwierigkeit als unumkehrbar wahrgenommen werden. Um unsere Hypothesen zu überprüfen, analysieren wir eigens erhobene Daten einer repräsentativen Stichprobe von 5.700 Personen in Senegal und Gambia. Wir zeigen, dass die individuelle Exposition gegenüber vergangenen Klimakatastrophen höhere Migrationswünsche in der Gegenwart vorhersagt - ein Ergebnis, das auch bei Berücksichtigung objektiver vergangener Klimabedingungen robust ist. Bei näherer Betrachtung zeigt sich, dass nur Personen mit Erfahrungen mit allmählich eintretenden Klimaereignissen (insbesondere Dürren) höhere Migrationswünsche äußern, während Erfahrungen mit plötzlich eintretenden Klimaereignissen (z.B. Starkregen) keinen vergleichbaren Effekt haben. In Übereinstimmung mit unserer Regressionsanalyse zeigen die Ergebnisse eines Umfrageexperiments, dass Informationszeichen über zukünftigen Klimastress nur die Migrationswünsche von Personen beeinflussen, die bereits in der Vergangenheit Erfahrungen mit allmählich eintretenden Wetterereignissen gemacht haben. |
| Keywords: | migration, climate disasters, climate change, gradual events, sudden events, migration aspirations, Migration, Klimakatastrophen, Klimawandel, allmähliche Ereignisse, plötzliche Ereignisse, Migrationsbestrebungen |
| JEL: | F22 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wzbmit:305254 |
| By: | Gutiérrez - Meave, Raúl; Núñez, Héctor; Rosellón, Juan |
| Abstract: | This research analyzes the potential economic effects of accelerated electrification and decarbonization in selected Latin American countries. Using an economic equilibrium model, four scenarios were evaluated: 1) a Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario, 2) a BAU scenario with increased electricity interconnections, 3) a green scenario with an emphasis on higher renewable energy growth rates, and 4) a green scenario integrating both higher energy growth rates and interconnection improvements. We aim to assess the impact of these strategies on significant economic indicators by comparing the optimal solutions of each scenario, and determine the difference in gains. Our approach prioritizes the complexities of the energy sector while underscoring economic factors, enabling the identification of necessary compensatory redistributions. The comparison of these scenarios will provide policymakers and stakeholders with valuable insights into the costs and benefits of transitioning to a more sustainable energy system in Latin America. |
| Keywords: | Economía, |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbl:dblwop:2252 |
| By: | Rim Berahab |
| Abstract: | The energy landscape in 2024 is at a crossroads. Fossil fuels continue to dominate, with prices that are volatile due to geopolitical tensions and shifting demand patterns. However, renewable energy is on the rise thanks to cost declines, policy support, and growing consumer adoption. This Policy Brief examines five significant trends that will shape the energy landscape in 2024. Navigating the complex energy landscape requires careful risk monitoring and prudent policy responses. Key areas to monitor are potential spikes in oil and natural gas prices, and challenges to the expansion of renewable energy. By understanding these trends and proactively managing risks, countries can ensure a more sustainable and secure energy future. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb_05_24 |
| By: | Rabi Mohtar |
| Abstract: | A 2023 United Nations progress report (UN, 2023) showed that, of the 169 targets that make up the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), only 15% are on track, and progress on many has either stalled or regressed. The Water-Energy-Food nexus approach has highlighted the utmost importance of understanding the interconnections between systems in order to accelerate the achievement of the SDGs. In this policy brief, we use the lessons learned from the water sector through a case study from Matagorda County in Texas, U.S. We take an analytical approach that facilitates the understanding of systems at different scales, using models that help reduce the complexity of the systems, and applying this knowledge to create synergies and solutions. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaeco:pb_01_24 |
| By: | Brauch, Martin Dietrich; Mayr, Stefan; Luthin, Carl Frederick |
| Abstract: | After terminating intra-EU bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and withdrawing from the Energy Charter Treaty, the EU and its member states should terminate BITs with extra-EU partners. Extra-EU BITs risk undermining the autonomy of EU law, hinder EU energy and climate goals, and fail to establish balanced sustainable investment partnerships. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:colfdi:305243 |
| By: | Afaf Zarkik |
| Abstract: | This year, the Conference of the Parties (COP27) will be held in in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt. On the outset of this auspicious occasion, it is befitting to reflect upon contemporary climate adaptation and mitigation policies, from a southern and African point of view. Indeed, climate change is one of the stickiest policy problems of the 21st century, because it is inherently a global and multidimensional problem entailing a bundle of policy features. Following the consecutives shocks to the global economy caused by fossil fuels, the timing has never been better to melt the polarization around climate change politics and propose innovative solutions to surf the uncertainty and complexity of this intractable policy problem. |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb_63-22 |
| By: | Rabi Mohtar |
| Abstract: | A 2023 United Nations progress report (UN, 2023) showed that, of the 169 targets that make up the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), only 15% are on track, and progress on many has either stalled or regressed. The Water-Energy-Food nexus approach has highlighted the utmost importance of understanding the interconnections between systems in order to accelerate the achievement of the SDGs. In this policy brief, we use the lessons learned from the water sector through a case study from Matagorda County in Texas, U.S. We take an analytical approach that facilitates the understanding of systems at different scales, using models that help reduce the complexity of the systems, and applying this knowledge to create synergies and solutions. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb_01_24 |
| By: | Te Li; Mengze Zhang; Yan Zhou |
| Abstract: | Against the backdrop of increasingly severe global environmental changes, accurately predicting and meeting renewable energy demands has become a key challenge for sustainable business development. Traditional energy demand forecasting methods often struggle with complex data processing and low prediction accuracy. To address these issues, this paper introduces a novel approach that combines deep learning techniques with environmental decision support systems. The model integrates advanced deep learning techniques, including LSTM and Transformer, and PSO algorithm for parameter optimization, significantly enhancing predictive performance and practical applicability. Results show that our model achieves substantial improvements across various metrics, including a 30% reduction in MAE, a 20% decrease in MAPE, a 25% drop in RMSE, and a 35% decline in MSE. These results validate the model's effectiveness and reliability in renewable energy demand forecasting. This research provides valuable insights for applying deep learning in environmental decision support systems. |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2410.15286 |
| By: | Joseph E. Aldy |
| Abstract: | The Inflation Reduction Act could deliver more than $1 trillion in tax expenditures and outlays targeting clean energy deployment, but considerable uncertainty characterizes the economic, emissions, energy, and fiscal implications of the law. I review the features of the political system governing implementation, the regulatory system overlaying performance standards, the innovation responding to IRA incentives, and the energy networks in which IRA-supported investments operate to identify the key factors influencing IRA’s outcomes. Drawing from past research and policy experience, I illustrate how these factors could play out and how future program evaluation could reduce uncertainty and inform better climate policy. |
| JEL: | H23 Q48 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33092 |
| By: | Gregor Schwerhoff; Mouhamadou Sy |
| Abstract: | The 2023 United Nations Climate Change Conference reinforced already existing pressure to transition away from fossil fuels, in particular for the most polluting source, coal. We use a comprehensive dataset on bank loans for coal projects to shed light on which type of banks continue to finance coal and how coal phase-out commitments affect coal financing. We find that coal financing is becoming increasingly concentrated, partly in banks with a very high coal exposure. We also find that many coal loans have maturities much shorter than the remaining lifetime of coal assets, thus exposing equity holders of coal assets to the risk of a more difficult loan rollover. An econometric analysis shows that countries with a strong commitment to coal phase-out, fixed in national law for example, receive less coal financing. Using an instrumental variable, we identify this effect as causal. |
| Keywords: | Coal; climate change; stranded assets; coal; divestment; United Nations climate change conference; Coal financing; phase-out commitment; coal financing; financing to the coal sector; Non-renewable resources; Financial sector development; Climate policy; Foreign direct investment; Asia and Pacific; Global; Europe; Middle East; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2024–11–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2024/228 |
| By: | Lohmann, Paul M; Gsottbauer, Elisabeth; Farrington, James; Human, Steve; Reisch, Lucia A |
| Abstract: | Greenhouse gas emissions from the food system constitute about one-third of the global total, hence mitigation in this sphere of human activity is a vital goal for research and policy. This study empirically tests the effectiveness of different interventions to reduce the carbon footprint of food choices made on food-delivery apps, using an incentive-compatible online randomized controlled trial with 4, 008 participants. The experiment utilized an interactive web platform that mimics popular online food-delivery platforms (such as Just Eat) and included three treatment conditions: a sign-posted meat tax, a carbon-footprint label, and a choice-architecture intervention that changed the order of the menu so that the lowest carbon-impact restaurants and dishes were presented first. Results show that only the choice-architecture nudge significantly reduced the average meal carbon footprint—by 0.3 kg/CO2e per order (12%), driven by a 5.6 percentage point (13%) reduction in high-carbon meal choices. Moreover, we find evidence of significant health and well-being co-benefits. Menu repositioning resulted in the average meal order having greater nutritional value and fewer calories, whilst significantly increasing self-reported satisfaction with the meal choice. Simple back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that menu repositioning would be a highly cost-effective policy instrument if implemented at scale, with the return on investment expected to be in the range of £1.28 to £3.85 per metric ton of avoided CO2 emissions, depending on implementation costs. |
| Keywords: | carbon-footprint labeling; choice architecture; food-delivery apps; low-carbon diets; repositioning |
| JEL: | L81 |
| Date: | 2024–10–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:125835 |
| By: | Dahl, Hauke; Jacobs-Mata, Inga |
| Keywords: | Food systems; Land; Water systems; Innovation scaling; Fragility; Conflicts; Migration; Finance; Climate change |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:conppr:h052493 |
| By: | Sarah Spycher |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the role of domestic elections and political polarisation in shaping international environmental agreements and how electoral dynamics may explain the limited success of current climate cooperation. I focus on two key factors: the impact of domestic electoral pressure on international policy decisions and the mismatch between short election cycles and long-term treaty commitments. Using a 4-stage game modelling a bilateral environmental agreement, I analyse how incumbents strategically balance policy preferences with reelection prospects. Results show that while a green incumbent is often forced to temper their ambitions, a brown incumbent faces fewer electoral constraints, explaining why stringent policies are harder to achieve. Nonetheless, electoral pressure can moderate policies, producing outcomes more aligned with the preferences of the median voter. Finally, I discuss how political polarisation, particularly in two party systems, adds complexity to international cooperation on global public goods. |
| JEL: | Q58 C72 D62 H41 P16 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bol:bodewp:wp1196 |
| By: | Bonga-Bonga, Lumengo; Kirsten, Frederich |
| Abstract: | This paper adds to the existing body of research on the connection between renewable energy generation and financial market development. It does so by examining this relationship while differentiating between three types of financial market development: access, efficiency, and depth, and by categorizing renewable energy generation into three types: wind, solar, and hydroelectric energy. Additionally, the paper evaluates the mediating role of stock market capitalisation in the relationship between renewable energy and financial market development. Using panel two-stage least squares (2SLS) based on Lewbel's instrumental variable approach, the study concludes that wind energy generation is the most responsive to the various components of financial market development among European countries. The bootstrapping causal mediation analysis shows the significant mediating role of stock market capitalisation, particularly in the impact of financial market development on wind energy generation. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers seeking to finance renewable energy projects in order to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 13. |
| Keywords: | renewable energy, financial market development, 2SLS, Lewbel, mediation |
| JEL: | C23 Q2 Q43 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122461 |
| By: | Claes, Ek (Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University); Söderberg, Magnus (Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics, Griffith University); Kataria, Mitesh (Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University) |
| Abstract: | In two separate field experiments with Swedish school children aged 10-16, we evaluate variants of an Environmental Education Program designed to promote pro-environmental behavior; specifically, reduce household waste. We match the addresses of participating students with high-resolution administrative records on collected household waste. This allows us to estimate causal effects on the waste generated in households where a child was treated. Both experiments produce null effects on waste generation. In the second experiment, we are also able to estimate the effect of regular environmental education within the Swedish school curriculum, and find only weak evidence that this affects household waste. |
| Keywords: | Field experiments; Environmental Education Programs; Household waste; Intergenerational learning |
| JEL: | D13 I21 Q53 |
| Date: | 2024–10–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:gunwpe:0848 |
| By: | Massimo Filippini (ETH Zürich; University of Lugano - Faculty of Economics); Markus Leippold (University of Zurich; Swiss Finance Institute); Tobias Wekhof (ETH Zürich - CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the impact of an educational program on Sustainable Finance Literacy (SFL) and the impact of this program on sustainable investment decisions. For this purpose, we conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and an incentivized choice experiment. Our findings demonstrate that the SFL educational treatment significantly improves literacy while considering the influence of priming. Participants exposed to the SFL program were more likely to invest in highly sustainable funds by 6 percentage points and less likely to choose less sustainable options with magnitudes between 3 and 2.5 percentage points. The treatment effects increased by up to one half among investors with pre-existing green attitudes. In addition, we provide suggestive evidence that a higher SFL leads to more accurate sustainability perceptions and reduces the tendency to chase high past returns. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Finance Literacy, RCT, text analysis, household finance |
| JEL: | G11 G18 G53 C83 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2457 |
| By: | Simone M Cuiabano |
| Abstract: | The document presents an innovative analysis of ethanol demand, emphasizing the significant role of spatially differentiated fuel retailers in shaping consumer preferences and fuel-switching behavior. Utilizing a nested logit model and data from Brazilian fuel retailers, the study reveals that ethanol demand is highly responsive to price changes, with relative price elasticity exceeding that of gasoline. Key findings indicate that retailer characteristics, such as branding and location, influence consumer preferences, highlighting the importance of considering spatial differentiation in demand estimation models. The study's results have profound implications for policy-making, suggesting that encouraging the use of ethanol as an alternative energy source can serve as an effective climate change mitigation strategy. The recommendations stress the need for policies that account for consumer price sensitivities and the competitive landscape of fuel retailers. This could enhance the adoption of cleaner fuels and reduce dependency on imported oil, aligning with broader environmental and economic objectives. |
| Keywords: | ethanol; demand estimation; nested logit; fuel retailer; ethanol demand; retailer characteristic; influence consumer preference; Fuel prices; Gasoline; Logit models; Price elasticity; Agricultural prices; West Africa; Europe |
| Date: | 2024–11–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2024/231 |
| By: | Yikai Zhao; Jun Nagayasu; Xinyi Geng |
| Abstract: | This study examines the impact of climate policy uncertainty (CPU) on credit spreads using data from corporate bonds listed on the Chinese exchange market between 2008 and 2022. We innovatively apply large language models (LLMs) to construct a firm-level CPU index based on disclosure texts and validateits effectiveness. We find that a CPU rise widens a firm’s credit spreads by exacerbating financial distress. Although disclosing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) information moderate CPU’s effect on credit spreads, controversies in ESG ratings amplify it. Finally, heterogeneity analyses reveal that CPU’s effect on wideningbond spreads is more pronounced for traditional bonds, short- to medium-term bonds, nonstate-owned enterprises, and issuing firms with dispersed supply chains. |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:toh:dssraa:143 |
| By: | Jonathan Colmer; Suvy Qin; John Voorheis; Reed Walker |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the relationships between air pollution, income, wealth, and race by combining administrative data from U.S. tax returns between 1979–2016, various measures of air pollution, and sociodemographic information from linked survey and administrative data. In the first year of our data, the relationship between income and ambient pollution levels nationally is approximately zero for both non-Hispanic White and Black individuals. However, at every single percentile of the national income distribution, Black individuals are exposed to, on average, higher levels of pollution than White individuals. By 2016, the relationship between income and air pollution had steepened, primarily for Black individuals, driven by changes in where rich and poor Black individuals live. We utilize quasi-random shocks to income to examine the causal effect of changes in income and wealth on pollution exposure over a five year horizon, finding that these income–pollution elasticities map closely to the values implied by our descriptive patterns. We calculate that Black-White differences in income can explain ~10 percent of the observed gap in air pollution levels in 2016. |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:24-57 |
| By: | Anke Kessler and Bard Harstad (Simon Fraser University) |
| Abstract: | We study how international agreements can take advantage of domestic time-inconsistency problems in the context of environmental policies. For example, policymakers will prefer future policies to be sustainable, but find it tempting to raise consumption when being in office. We find the equilibrium number of signatory countries to be higher than when preferences are time consistent, especially when the political environment is unstable and polarized, and the international spillovers are limited. In contrast to the traditional literature, the model can also explain why countries sign conventions with mandates that do not vary with the coalition size. |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sfu:sfudps:dp24-08 |
| By: | Kapoor, Shreya; Sma, Abdelkarim; Pathak, Himanshu; Pradhan, Mamata |
| Abstract: | Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is pivotal in combating the impacts of climate change on global agriculture and food security. It has increasingly gained prominence as an adaptation strategy against the adverse impacts of climate change on agriculture, particularly in South Asia. However, scaling up the adoption of CSA interventions becomes critical, due to predominantly small and marginal nature of landholdings in the region, various institutional and policy constraints, and trade regulations and barriers. Another significant challenge lies in categorizing and prioritizing the multitude of technologies considered to be climate smart. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the different CSA technologies within the socio-economic context of six South Asian countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, with the main objective of proioritization and scaling-up of these methods. The study begins by compiling an inventory of existing technologies and subsequently prioritizing them by using the World Bank (WB) CSA Technology Index. Secondly, the study tries to address the key challenges and propose policy measures to upscale the adoption of CSA technologies in these countries using participatory research conducted with the key stakeholders in these countries. The participatory research provided valuable insights, revealing critical policy and institutional barriers, and providing a basis for framing strategies and policy solutions to facilitate wider adoption of CSA technologies in the region. |
| Keywords: | climate change; climate-smart agriculture; prioritization; scaling up; Bangladesh; Bhutan; India; Nepal; Pakistan; Sri Lanka; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2285 |
| By: | D'Agosti, Natalia; Danza, Facundo |
| Abstract: | Since 2010, the Uruguayan government has fostered the instal lation of solar panels among households and firms to promotesmall-scale renewable electricity production. Under this policy, agents with solar panels are allowed to feed any electricity sur plus into the grid. We study the economic and environmental consequences of this policy. We collect a novel dataset on elec tricity extraction and injection into the grid at a household-firm level for the whole country. First, we find that installing a solarpanel reduces the electricity extracted from the grid. Second, we find that it increases the electricity injected into the grid. Third, we find that it reduces CO2 emissions between 0.35 and 0.03 kg per month and agent. Fourth, we find evidence of a rebound effect: electricity consumption after the solar panel installation increases between 20% and 26%, on average. Lastly, we propose an alternative policy that allows agents to store their electricity surplus in batteries instead of immediately injecting it into the grid. According to our model, the best time to inject electricity into the grid is around 9 PM, when fossil-fuel facilities satisfy most of the electricity demand. We leverage household and firm-level data to study the effect of a net-metering policy on electricity extraction and injection, showing what countries can expect from implementing such a policy. |
| Keywords: | Ambiente, Desarrollo, Energía, |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbl:dblwop:2164 |
| By: | Gopinath, Munisamy; Varma, Poornima; Steinbach, Sandro |
| Abstract: | Food security remains a challenge in South Asia since GDP per capita averaged US$ 2, 308 in 2023, the secondlowest among all regions as per the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. Moreover, this region holds the largest number of undernourished people (281 million or 13 percent of the population in 2023) according to the Food and Agriculture Organization. Simultaneously, sustainability of agricultural production with a changing climate has emerged as an additional challenge in recent times. For instance, South Asia’s renewable internal freshwater resource per capita has fallen from over 3000 to about 1000 cubic meters between 1961 and 2020, accompanied by a 68 percent decline in arable land (hectares) per person (World Development Indicators). |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, International Relations/Trade, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2024–10–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iatrpb:347897 |
| By: | Frauke Wiese (Europa-Universität Flensburg); Nicolas Taillard (Association Négawatt); Emile Balembois (Association Négawatt, Mines Saint-Étienne MSE - École des Mines de Saint-Étienne - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], EVS - Environnement, Ville, Société - ENS de Lyon - École normale supérieure de Lyon - Université de Lyon - Mines Saint-Étienne MSE - École des Mines de Saint-Étienne - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon - INSA Lyon - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - Université de Lyon - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - UJM - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - ENSAL - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ALLHiS - Approches Littéraires, Linguistiques et Historiques des Sources - UJM - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne, FAYOL-ENSMSE - Institut Henri Fayol - Mines Saint-Étienne MSE - École des Mines de Saint-Étienne - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], FAYOL-ENSMSE - Département Génie de l’environnement pour les organisations - Institut Henri Fayol - ENSM ST-ETIENNE - Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de St Etienne); Benjamin Best; Stephane Bourgeois (Association Négawatt); José Campos (ELTE - Eötvös Loránd University); Luisa Cordroch (Europa-Universität Flensburg); Mathilde Djelali (Association Négawatt); Alexandre Gabert (Association Négawatt); Adrien Jacob (Association Négawatt); Elliott Johnson (Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment - University of Leeds); Sébastien Meyer (IMMC - Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering [Louvain] - UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain); Béla Munkácsy (Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography - ELTE - Eötvös Loránd University); Lorenzo Pagliano (POLIMI - Politecnico di Milano [Milan]); Sylvain Quoilin (Université de Liège); Andrea Roscetti (POLIMI - Politecnico di Milano [Milan]); Johannes Thema (Europa-Universität Flensburg); Paolo Thiran (IMMC - Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering [Louvain] - UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain); Adrien Toledano (Association Négawatt); Bendix Vogel (Europa-Universität Flensburg); Carina Zell-Ziegler (TUB - Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin); Yves Marignac (Association Négawatt) |
| Abstract: | A detailed assessment of a low energy demand, 1.5 ∘ C compatible pathway is provided for Europe from a bottom-up, country scale modelling perspective. The level of detail enables a clear representation of the potential of sufficiency measures. Results show that by 2050, 50% final energy demand reduction compared to 2019 is possible in Europe, with at least 40% of it attributable to various sufficiency measures across all sectors. This reduction enables a 77% renewable energy share in 2040 and 100% in 2050, with very limited need for imports from outside of Europe and no carbon sequestration technologies. Sufficiency enables increased fairness between countries through the convergence towards a more equitable share of energy service levels. Here we show, that without sufficiency measures, Europe misses the opportunity to transform energy demand leaving considerable pressure on supply side changes combined with unproven carbon removal technologies. |
| Keywords: | Climate-change mitigation, Energy modelling, Energy supply and demand |
| Date: | 2024–10–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04747574 |
| By: | Julien Gourdon (AFD - Agence française de développement, CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne, FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International); Hugo Lapeyronie (UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne) |
| Abstract: | Despite its unsustainable nature, mining is essential to the energy transition and the development of renewable energies. This report calls for a clear awareness of the issues related to critical minerals, avoiding indifference to the challenges of the energy transition and a naïve view of the risks of the mining sector |
| Abstract: | L'activité minière, malgré son caractère non durable, est essentielle pour la transition énergétique et le développement des énergies renouvelables. Ce rapport appelle à une prise de conscience claire des enjeux liés aux minerais critiques, en évitant l'indifférence face aux défis de la transition énergétique et une vision naïve des risques du secteur minier |
| Date: | 2024–09–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04741999 |
| By: | Jonathan Cognard (UR LESSEM - Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Fédération OSUG - Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, Labex ITTEM - Laboratoire d'excellence Innovations et transitions territoriales en montagne - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Lucas Berard-Chenu (Esthua Faculté de Tourisme, Culture et Hospitalité, UR LESSEM - Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Fédération OSUG - Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, ESO - Espaces et Sociétés - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UM - Le Mans Université - UA - Université d'Angers - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Univ - IGARUN - Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Humanités - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Yves Schaeffer (UR LESSEM - Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Fédération OSUG - Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Hugues François (UR LESSEM - Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Fédération OSUG - Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Climate change threatens the economic performance of ski resorts, and therefore the economies of mountain regions. Increased snowmaking is the leading adaptation strategy, but its economic contribution remains unclear. To fill this gap, we used dynamic panel data modelling to analyse the economic performance of 56 French Alpine ski lift operators over a 15-year period (2004/05 to 2018/19). Economic performance remains strongly linked to ski lift capacity and shows a high degree of persistence over time, all other things being equal. No evidence has been found that increased investment in snowmaking improves resort sales or profits, even in the worst natural snow seasons. These results strongly challenge the idea that increased snowmaking is an effective economic adaptation to climate change. |
| Keywords: | Ski area, Ski lift operators, Winter tourism, Snowmaking, Climate change adaptation, French Alps |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04746652 |
| By: | Andrea La Nauze; Lana Friesen; Kai Li Lim; Flavio Menezes; Lionel Page; Thara Philip; Jake Whitehead |
| Abstract: | In a field experiment tracking 390 electric vehicles minute-by-minute, we show that incentives reduce charging by 17%—27% during peak times and increase it by 34% during midday when solar generation is highest. Peak charging decreases at home, while midday charging rises out of the home. Participants shift and reduce charging, drive less, and run batteries lower. We find heterogeneity based on rooftop solar ownership, commuting, and having a fast home charger. These findings suggest electric vehicles can support the shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy and highlight the enabling role of charging infrastructure. |
| Keywords: | electric vehicles, field experiment, renewable energy, rooftop solar, dynamic electricity prices |
| JEL: | Q41 Q42 Q48 R41 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11386 |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | En este documento se analizan los desafíos y oportunidades que enfrenta América Latina y el Caribe en la conservación de la biodiversidad y el desarrollo sostenible. Si bien la región cuenta con abundantes recursos naturales que han sido fundamentales para impulsar el crecimiento económico, su explotación desmedida ha puesto en riesgo este valioso patrimonio y ha exacerbado la desigualdad social que, junto con la pérdida de hábitats, la deforestación y el cambio climático, amenazan la sostenibilidad a largo plazo. En este contexto, resulta crucial reorientar el modelo de desarrollo hacia uno más sostenible, que valore, preserve y regenere el patrimonio natural de la región. Para lograrlo, es necesario fortalecer la participación de las instituciones y actores locales, así como fomentar la investigación, la inversión y una gobernanza ambiental efectiva, que incluya el reconocimiento de los Pueblos Indígenas, actores clave para la protección de la biodiversidad. Integrar la conservación en las políticas públicas y los procesos de toma de decisiones permitirá a la región, no solo garantizar un futuro más próspero y sostenible para sus habitantes, sino también generar soluciones innovadoras frente a los desafíos ambientales. |
| Date: | 2024–10–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:80754 |
| By: | Zaw Oo; Ngu Wah Win |
| Abstract: | Myanmar’s commitment to the Blue Economy is driven by the Sustainable Development Goals, and it has developed a long-term plan to guide its efforts in reaching these goals. Myanmar’s vision of a Blue Economy involves various sectors, such as fisheries, tourism, and energy. However, the sustainable development of these sectors is facing many challenges, such as conflicts in coastal townships and the departure of foreign businesses. Myanmar must actively seek international cooperation with neighbouring countries and organisations such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) to form a stronger framework for sustainable use of ocean resources; invest in research, data collection, and capacity building; and strengthen the governance of Marine Protected Areas. |
| Date: | 2024–01–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:pb-2023-14 |
| By: | Xinming Du; Shan Zhang; Eric Zou |
| Abstract: | A century of plastic usage has led to an accumulation of plastic waste in waterways and oceans. Over time, these wastes break down into particles smaller than 5 microns – or “microplastics” – which can infiltrate human biological systems. Despite decades of research into this emerging source of pollution, there is a paucity of direct evidence on the health impacts of microplastics exposure at a population scale. This paper reports the first empirical link between in-utero microplastic exposure and adverse birth outcomes. Our analysis is based on a dataset of 3 million births that occurred in coastal areas of 15 countries spanning four continents, which we merge with novel remote-sensing measurements of marine microplastic concentrations. We show that in-utero exposure to microplastics, particularly during the second and third trimesters, leads to a significant increase in the likelihood of low birth weight. A doubling of exposure increases low birth weight hazard by 0.37 per 1, 000 births, which implies that over 205, 000 cases per year globally can be attributed to microplastic exposure. We further show that aerosolization – whereby microplastic particles become airborne and inhalable due to seawater evaporation – is an important pathway for health impact, a challenge likely to escalate as ocean temperatures rise. |
| JEL: | I18 O13 Q25 Q53 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33094 |
| By: | Francis Perrin |
| Abstract: | À l’approche du Sommet africain du climat (Africa Climate Summit), qui se tiendra à Nairobi du 4 au 6 septembre 2023, de très nombreuses organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) ont écrit au président du Kenya, William Ruto, pour lui faire part de leurs inquiétudes concernant l’ordre du jour de ce sommet. Selon ces ONG, les intérêts des entreprises et des pays occidentaux pourraient prendre le pas sur ceux de l’Afrique. Les vraies priorités sont notamment d’éliminer progressivement les énergies fossiles et d’investir dans les énergies renouvelables et il est nécessaire que l’ordre du jour soit revu et modifié en vue de refléter les priorités africaines dans la lutte contre le changement climatique, a expliqué cette coalition d’environ 300 ONG. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb_33-23 |
| By: | Francis Perrin |
| Abstract: | À l’approche du Sommet africain du climat (Africa Climate Summit), qui se tiendra à Nairobi du 4 au 6 septembre 2023, de très nombreuses organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) ont écrit au président du Kenya, William Ruto, pour lui faire part de leurs inquiétudes concernant l’ordre du jour de ce sommet. Selon ces ONG, les intérêts des entreprises et des pays occidentaux pourraient prendre le pas sur ceux de l’Afrique. Les vraies priorités sont notamment d’éliminer progressivement les énergies fossiles et d’investir dans les énergies renouvelables et il est nécessaire que l’ordre du jour soit revu et modifié en vue de refléter les priorités africaines dans la lutte contre le changement climatique, a expliqué cette coalition d’environ 300 ONG. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaeco:pb_33-23 |
| By: | Rabi Mohtar |
| Abstract: | The fundamental role that water resources play in human development has been highlighted in multiple ways; the United Nations SDGs underline 17 different goals and over a hundred targets to be achieved by 2030. Out of 169 SDG targets, 59 were found to have direct links and synergies with the water goal SDG6 (UN Water, 2016). Careful policy making and interventions need to be implemented to avoid conflict among sectors and tradeoffs must be well established. The Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM – since 1992) was adopted by most countries and made significant strides in formulating a good foundation for policies and synergies between stakeholders. Nevertheless, IWRM concepts need to be adaptive and revisited to achieve the Agenda 2030 targets. This policy brief introduces water management as a system of interactions between water and other vital resources including food, energy, and health among others; it presents several concepts to bring about policy coherence and quantitative protocols for a more cohesive implementation of policies and tradeoffs in the water sector and beyond. |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb_08_23 |
| By: | Miguel Vazquez; Otaviano Canuto |
| Abstract: | Low-carbon hydrogen is a potential contributor to the goals defined in the Paris Agreement, i.e. limiting the increase in the global average temperature to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. The transformation of hydrogen production is a part of this effort, as current production methods in the hydrogen industry are carbon-intensive. To achieve net-zero scenarios, hydrogen production and consumption will need to change. Creating a pipeline of projects plays a central role in driving overall costs down. However, notwithstanding the impressive targets and project announcements that have been made, few low-carbon hydrogen projects have reached the final investment decision stage. It is necessary to design a set of policy tools to promote low-carbon hydrogen investment. To that end, we assess the matching process between the potential supply of capital and the demand for capital associated with projects. This paper looks at the problem from the point of view of financial closure of those projects. |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaeco:pb_09-24 |
| By: | Mina Baliamoune |
| Abstract: | Greater female participation in the labor market and in international trade have been recognized as important drivers for economic growth and essential targets in the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, achieving both targets simultaneously will be difficult, if not impossible, in most Middle East and North African (MENA) countries without additional policies to eliminate the remarkably high levels of gender inequality in the labor market. In such countries, women are either excluded from the gains from trade or bear most of the burden of adjustment to greater integration in the global economy. Policymakers should recognize the impacts of greater integration into global trade on women’s labor-market outcomes, and should implement resolute policy measures to alleviate (if not eliminate) these impacts. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaeco:pb_06-24 |
| By: | Alahacoon, Niranga; Amarnath, Giriraj; Gnanatheepan, W. |
| Keywords: | Disaster risk reduction; Mitigation; Disaster preparedness; Vulnerability; Communities; Stakeholders |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:conprc:h052498 |
| By: | Deepak Mishra (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Tanu Goyal; Havishaye Puri |
| Abstract: | ICRIER, in close coordination with Brookings, the Centre for Global Development (CGD), and ODI, conducted a global survey of experts on their perceptions of the pace of Multilateral Development Bank (MDB) reforms, based on recommendations by the Independent Experts Group (IEG) under the Indian G20 Presidency. The questionnaire focused on five key areas where reforms are critical to transforming the MDB system: vision and mission, making MDBs better, bolder, and bigger banks, and establishing a monitoring mechanism. The results from the survey indicate slow and uneven progress on MDB reforms. While MDBs have expanded their mandate to address global public goods like climate change, pandemic preparedness, and other transboundary challenges without neglecting the SDGs, the implementation of reforms to achieve their broader mandate—to become better, bolder, and bigger banks—has been unsatisfactory. |
| Keywords: | MDB reforms, G20, Independent Experts Group (IEG), Emerging Market and Developing Economy, EMDEs, Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:report:24-r-06 |
| By: | Taneja, Garima; Negi, U.; Shukla, S.; Joshi, T.; Neog, K.; Katyaini, S.; Mitra, Archisman; Bhattacharjee, Suchiradipta; Bassi, N.; Verma, Shilp |
| Keywords: | Food systems; Land; Water systems; Policy coherence; Case studies |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:conprc:h052667 |
| By: | Harouna Kinda (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Edouard Mien (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International) |
| Abstract: | The mismanagement of natural resources can compromise the efficiency of factors essential to economic development, commonly called the "resource curse". In addition to worsening the socio-economic situation, dependence on natural resources can hinder the emergence of an efficient financial system in countries with weak institutions. Conversely, good management of natural resources can enable low- and middle-income countries to improve their economic performance. We first describe the theoretical mechanisms underlying the existence of such a "resource curse" and then present empirical evidence of the potential mitigating effect fostered by implementing the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) standard. |
| Abstract: | La mauvaise gestion des ressources naturelles peut compromettre l'efficacité des facteurs essentiels au développement économique, un concept communément appelé la "malédiction des ressources". Outre la détérioration de la situation socio-économique, la dépendance aux ressources naturelles peut entraver l'émergence d'un système financier efficace dans les pays où les institutions sont faibles. A contrario, une bonne gestion des ressources naturelles peut permettre aux pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire d'améliorer leurs performances économiques. Nous décrivons d'abord les mécanismes théoriques sous-jacents de l'existence d'une telle "malédiction financière des ressources", puis présentons des preuves empiriques de l'effet d'atténuation potentiel favorisé par la mise en oeuvre de la norme Initiative pour la transparence des industries extractives (ITIE). |
| Keywords: | Financial development, Resource curse, Natural resource, Transparency, Développement financier, Malédiction des ressources, Ressources naturelles, Transparence |
| Date: | 2024–04–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04746325 |
| By: | Wehner, Jasmin; Yu, Xiaohua |
| Abstract: | Climate change mitigation efforts face increasing demand for animal source food consumption and dairy in particular. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the differences in dairy consumption levels and underlying drivers on a global scale. We attempt to estimate drivers of milk consumption by using a panel regression clustering approach and analyzing the relative importance by applying a Shorrocks-Shapley decomposition of the R-squared. Further, we show how the results change when we incorporate income projections for the years 2050 and 2100. Results suggest that, using a panel data set from 2000 to 2020 for 120 countries, socio-economic milk consumption drivers can be allocated to six different clusters with price elasticities ranging from -1.085 to 0.450 and income elasticities from -0.527 and 1.084. Decomposing the R-squared shows that the value of milk industry seems to explain most of the variance of milk consumption. When considering income projections until the mid and end century, we find that the share of young population gains statistical significance. Future research should investigate how fiscal climate change adaptation policies could be designed effectively while considering heterogeneous milk demand drivers. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Climate Change |
| Date: | 2024–10–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gausfs:347737 |
| By: | Stéphanie Truchet-Aznar (Territoires - Territoires - AgroParisTech - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Chloé Duvivier (Territoires - Territoires - AgroParisTech - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Jacques Veslot (Territoires - Territoires - AgroParisTech - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne) |
| Abstract: | In a context marked by climate change and, more broadly, by a profound environmental crisis, the transport sector and household mobility are at the heart of territorial transition issues. In response to these challenges, in France and abroad, local authorities are increasingly using fare-free public transport, to encourage modal shift and also to meet a social objective of improving mobility for the most disadvantaged people. However, there is little scientific research to assess the real impact of this measure. This paper analyses the effect of the free weekend public transport measure launched in December 2022 by Clermont Auvergne Metropole. We use an econometric model comparing public transport ridership before and after the measure for the same public transport line and direction, at the same stop, during the same time period and on the same day of the weekend (Saturday or Sunday). Estimates are based on ticket validation data before the measure and manual counts after. In order to isolate the effect of the free transport measure, we introduce control variables relating to the main determinants of public transport ridership (e.g. public transport supply, fuel prices, weather data). We also introduce variables controlling for the potential effects of the Covid-19 crisis on household mobility. Our results show that free-fare public transport has led to an increase in weekend ridership of 47 % on the routes and stops observed. We also find that the measure effect is greater for the tramway line than for the bus lines. To our knowledge, this study is the first econometric analysis of the effect of free public transport applied to a French city. |
| Abstract: | En France comme à l'étranger, les collectivités territoriales recourent de manière croissante à la gratuité des transports en commun pour répondre à des objectifs sociaux et/ou environnementaux. Or, peu de travaux scientifiques évaluent les effets réels de cette mesure. Nous analysons l'effet de la mesure de gratuité le week-end mise en place par Clermont Auvergne Métropole en 2021. Pour cela, nous utilisons un modèle économétrique basé sur une comparaison de la fréquentation des transports en commun avant et après la mise en place de la mesure et contrôlons l'effet des principaux déterminants de la demande de transport en commun. Nos résultats montrent que, sur les lignes et arrêts analysés, la gratuité a entrainé une hausse de 47 % de la fréquentation le week-end. Nos résultats indiquent également que l'effet de la gratuité est plus élevé pour le tramway que pour les lignes de bus. |
| Keywords: | Free public transport ; Household mobility ; Territorial transition ; Transport policies, Gratuité des transports en commun ; Mobilité des ménages ; Politiques de transport ; Transition des territoires |
| Date: | 2024–06–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04747019 |
| By: | Qu, Chunzi (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics); Bang, Rasmus Noss (SNF - Centre for Applied Research at NHH) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a comprehensive survey of recent literature on European energy system modeling and analysis with special focus on grid development. Spanning the years from 2013 to 2023, we analyze 59 selected articles, organizing them by geographical scope, grid expansion strategies, research focus, and methodology. Additionally, we provide an overview of established and recurring frameworks, including ELMOD, EMPIRE, AnyMOD, LIMES, TIMES, FlexPlan, PyPSA, REMix, and Balmorel. Further, we elaborate on the recent trends in research and modeling. Based on our observations, we propose avenues for future research. For instance, considering recent changes in the geopolitical environment, we suggest shifting the geographical research focus from the North Sea region to the Central and Eastern European regions. Other suggestions include investigating grid development under imperfect market competition, merging the study of grid development with sector coupling, and increasing the focus on blue hydrogen, which appear to not receive much focus, as opposed to green hydrogen. Overall, this work may serve as a useful resource for newcomers to grid-related research and a practical guide for seasoned researchers in the field. |
| Keywords: | Grid expansion; Optimization; Model; Renewable energy; Development; Europe |
| JEL: | Q40 Q50 |
| Date: | 2024–10–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhhfms:2024_011 |
| By: | Francis Perrin |
| Abstract: | À la fin de la COP28, qui s’est tenue à Doubaï (E mirats arabes unis) du 30 novembre au 13 décembre 2023, les E tats qui ont signé et ratifié la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques (CCNUCC) ont adopté par consensus le ‘‘ Global Stocktake’’ qui prévoit notamment que le monde doit engager une transition qui l’éloignera des énergies fossiles ( ‘‘ transitioning away from fossil fuels’’) de façon ‘‘juste, ordonnée et équitable’’ (‘‘in a just, ordered and equitable manner’’). Un peu moins de 200 E tats sont donc en théorie tenus d’aller dans le sens de ce texte qui fait d’ailleurs déjà l’objet de plusieurs interprétations. De nombreux pays ont estimé qu’il s’agissait du ‘‘début de la fin des énergies fossiles’’, une conclusion qui nous semble un peu hâtive. Au-delà de ces diverses interprétations, revenons sur l’attitude des pays qui ont beaucoup travaillé pour obtenir l’inscription de la phrase citée ci-dessus dans le texte final de la COP28 et qui se sont félicités de ce résultat en estimant que cette COP représentait un tournant majeur. Il y en a beaucoup et nous ne pourrons pas être exhaustifs dans le format de cette note. Mais les exemples que nous avons sélectionnés sont très représentatifs. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb_47-23 |
| By: | Diogo Baerlocher (University of South Florida); Gustavo Cortes (Warrington College of Business, University of Florida); Vinicios Sant'Anna (MIT) |
| Abstract: | When natural disasters strike, the impact on housing markets can be far-reaching. This paper explores the unique dynamics of natural disaster-induced migration on the housing market, focusing on the 1930s Dust Bowl migration to Los Angeles---the top migrant destination. We use U.S. Census-linked and geocoded address data to document that the arrival of Dust Bowl migrants significantly impacted the city's housing market. We show that houses inhabited by Dust Bowl migrants had lower price growth over the decade. Critically, we uncover valuation spillovers within highly granular neighborhoods, where houses inhabited by non-migrants experienced lower price growth modulated by how close they were to Dust Bowl migrants. Our analysis of potential mechanisms suggests that these effects were primarily driven by the economic vulnerability of migrants rather than generalized discrimination. Our research contributes to understanding how natural disaster-induced migration shapes housing markets and the dimensions in which climate refugees differ from other migrants. |
| Keywords: | Real Estate, Housing, Immigration, Disaster-induced displacement |
| JEL: | R21 R23 R31 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:usf:wpaper:2024-05 |
| By: | Arnita Rishanty (Bank Indonesia); Donni Fajar Anugrah (Bank Indonesia); Dian Rahmawati (Bank Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | This research is to explore socio-economic impact of energy transitions of coal phasing out in Indonesia, a rich resource developing country. First, we measure and analyze the potential transition risks faced in the future particularly from the decline of the coal industry using granular mining companies’ data in Indonesia. Second, we explore qualitatively the preparedness of stakeholders including workers in facing the coal phase-out to achieve just transition. This study finds that assuming current policies surrounding domestic coal pricing in Indonesia persist, fewer coal mines will be economically viable in a global transition and will be forced to shut down. The financial consequences will be borne by the government, coal mining companies and the coal supply chain. This study also finds that job losses in the coal mining sector could be severe. This signifies the role of banks (hence, central bank) to finance local economic transitions and to support the regional sectoral rebalancing (a shift from coal-producing communities to a more inclusive sector such as service or trade sectors). |
| Keywords: | Product Just Transition, Transition Risk, Socioeconomic Impact, Indonesia |
| JEL: | Q43 J68 L72 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idn:wpaper:wp042023 |
| By: | Hernandez-Cortes, Danae; Mathes, Sophie |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the employment impacts of renewable energy projects in Brazil. Between 2006 and 2017, Brazil’s solar capacity increased from 0.001 GW to 1.01 GW, and wind capacity increased from 0.233 GW to 12.4 GW. Using detailed employment information from the universe of formal workers in Brazil, we analyze whether the development of renewable energy projects impacts employment in the local municipalities. Solar energy projects appear to have no significant impact on local economic activity. In contrast, we find that when new wind energy projects come online, total employment in a municipality increases by 15.95 percent, and the number of firms in a municipality increases by 14.84 percent. The number of jobs in the electricity sector increases by as much as 74.33 percent, 51.72 percent in the construction sector, and 22.54 in transportation. The employment increases appear to stem from growth of existing firms and growth of new firms. The effects persist and are even larger when we consider only municipalities that have not experienced expansions in their electricity grid. Proxying land lease income with municipal tax revenues, we do not find evidence that the effects are driven by windfall income from land leases. |
| Keywords: | Desarrollo, Energía, Evaluación de impacto, |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbl:dblwop:2201 |
| By: | Rémi Beulque (ISC Paris - Institut Supérieur du Commerce de Paris, CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Helen Micheaux (SADAPT - Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Marcus Bergmann (ESCP Europe - Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Paris) |
| Abstract: | Traditional sustainability paradigms such as green growth, bioeconomy, efficiency, or the belief in purely technological solutions, are increasingly seen as inadequate to address pressing environmental concerns. Instead, voices advocate stronger sustainability paradigms, such as sufficiency and circular economy-based models. In this respect, repair business models constitute a key sufficiency-based business model (BM), which begin to be experimented and have the potential to slow down material flows in the economy. While repair BM and the challenges faced by actors who desire to implement and upscale them have been discussed, management control and financial approaches of repair BM remain largely neglected by academia. In particular, society still lacks understanding of the cost structure and the financial challenges repair BM face. This oversight is significant, as these aspects bear crucial implications for the desirability of repair services to customers, who weigh the option of repairing against purchasing a new product. In a similar vein, previous literature concerning repair policies fails to provide answers about the level of financial support that is likely to make customers change their consumption patterns towards preferring repair. In this context, this study will propose an in-depth analysis of the financial challenges related to electronic products repair business models and related policy instruments. Based on these insights, a methodology to assess the level of support that financial policy instruments should provide to effectively favor an upscale of repair business models will be begin to be investigated. |
| Keywords: | Strong Circular Economy, Circular Business Models, sufficiency-based Circular Business Models, cost structure, financial performance |
| Date: | 2024–07–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04642945 |
| By: | Andres, Pia |
| Abstract: | Low cost solar energy is key to enabling the transition away from fossil fuels. Despite this, the European Union followed the United States’ example in imposing anti-dumping tariffs on solar panel imports from China in 2013, arguing that Chinese panels were unfairly subsidised and harmed its domestic industry. This paper examines the effects of Chinese import competition on firm-level innovation in solar photovoltaic technology by European firms using a sample of 10, 137 firms in 15 EU countries over the period 1999–2020. I show that firms which were exposed to higher import competition innovated more if they had a relatively small existing stock of innovation, but less if their historical knowledge stock fell within the top 10th percentile of firms in the sample. This suggests that newer firms were more able to respond to increased competition by innovating, while firms with a large historical stock of innovation may have been locked into old technological paradigms. As firms with a smaller knowledge stock tended to innovate more overall, trade with China appears to have been beneficial in encouraging innovation among the most innovative firms. However, I also find evidence that import competition increased the probability of exit among firms in the sample. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2024–10–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:125249 |
| By: | Nie, Rong (Dalian University of Technology & University of Warwick); Song, Jinbo (Dalian University of Technology); Carneiro, Juliana (University of Warwick) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the impact of emissions data disclosure on alleviating NIMBYism (Not In My Backyard) concerns surrounding Waste-to-Energy (WtE) incineration plants. Leveraging China’s 2017 “Installing, Erecting, and Networking” (IEN) policy as a quasi-natural experiment, we employ a difference-in-differences (DID) approach to analyze over 35, 000 housing transactions near 13 plants. Results indicate that the IEN policy attenuates the housing price gradient by 30.43%, equivalent to 38% of an urban Chinese resident’s annual disposable income. This robust evidence highlights how transparency policies can enhance public trust and thus promote more sustainable urban development. |
| Keywords: | information disclosure ; incineration ; NIMBYism concerns ; housing price gradient JEL Codes: Q28 ; Q58 ; R31 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:warwec:1527 |
| By: | Carroll, James; Denny, Eleanor; Lyons, Ronan C.; Petrov, Ivan |
| Abstract: | With buildings accounting for roughly 40 % of energy consumption in the US and Europe, energy efficiency upgrades will be central in meeting climate targets. Using a nationwide controlled field experiment, we find that the inclusion of property-specific energy cost labels within property advertisements increases energy efficiency premiums. We also show that more energy efficient properties sell faster and, for the first time, that energy cost labels shortened time-to-sell. While a major departure from existing property labelling policy, these results suggest that framing property energy efficiency according to their cost implications, rather than in energy units, increases the demand for energy efficiency. |
| Keywords: | energy efficiency; energy policy; field experiment; framing; housing demand; imperfect information |
| JEL: | R21 Q41 Q48 D83 D91 |
| Date: | 2024–11–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:125663 |
| By: | Boukaka, Sedi Anne; Azzarri, Carlo; Davis, Kristin E.; Dao, The Anh; Vu, Dang Toan |
| Abstract: | The Asia-Pacific region houses 52% of the world's 767.9 million undernourished people. Although the prevalence of undernourishment in Viet Nam nearly halved from 2000 to 2019, progress slowed due to climate change, conflict, and other factors. Some 5.1 million people, or 5.2% of the population in Viet Nam are undernourished (FAO 2021). In rural areas, particularly among ethnic groups, these rates are higher. For instance, household food insecurity in rural districts in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta prevalence was 34.4% and 48.4% in the last month and last year, respectively. The rates of stunting and underweight among children aged under five in ethnic groups in Viet Nam remain at 31.4% and 21% respectively, according to the National Institute of Nutrition (2023). |
| Keywords: | food security; healthy diets; nutrition; sustainability; Asia; South-eastern Asia; Vietnam |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:155400 |
| By: | Idriss Fontaine (CEMOI - Centre d'Économie et de Management de l'Océan Indien - UR - Université de La Réunion); Sabine Garabedian (CEMOI - Centre d'Économie et de Management de l'Océan Indien - UR - Université de La Réunion); Hélène Vérèmes (LACy - Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UR - Université de La Réunion - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Météo-France) |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04717646 |
| By: | Mariza Montes de Oca Leon; Achim Hagen; Franziska Holz |
| Abstract: | We study the impact of fossil fuel subsidy removal on presidential popularity using difference-indifference approaches and a stylized theoretical model. Analyzing macro level data for two subsidy removal events in Mexico and Bolivia in the early 2010s, we find evidence of a negative impact on presidential approval. Our theoretical probabilistic voting model predicts that the decline in popularity is driven by high income groups if subsidies are regressive, and that lack of trust in the government lowers popularity of the removal in all income groups. We confirm these predictions using micro level data for the Mexican subsidy removal event. |
| Keywords: | Political economy; Fossil fuels; Subsidy removal |
| Date: | 2024–11–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2024/230 |
| By: | Patrick Guillaumont (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International); Sylviane Guillaumont Jeanneney (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International) |
| Abstract: | The Paris Summit for a New Global Financing Pact in June 2023 was initially announced as a response to country vulnerabilities, in particular vulnerability to climate change. Support for vulnerable countries remains one of the principles of the Paris Pact for People and Planet (4P) that emerged from this summit1. Whatever the sectoral allocations or financial instruments recommended, it is necessary to ensure that the funds mobilised, especially those added to existing funding, will actually benefit vulnerable and poor countries or respond to situations of vulnerability. |
| Keywords: | Economic vulnerability, Official development assistance ODA, Vulnerable countries |
| Date: | 2024–10–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04746983 |
| By: | Arpita Mukherjee (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Ketaki Gaikwad; Anushka Pal |
| Abstract: | This paper presents India's strength as a producer and exporter of agri-products, examines the policies towards building a sustainable food system and their impact, analyses best practices and suggests how they can be scaledup/replicated. It identifies regulatory and other issues and makes policy recommendations that will help develop a sustainable food system, take the country from food security to nutrition security, help enhance quality production, exports and earnings of farmers and enable India to engage better and benefit from trade agreements. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Food System, Trade policy-India, food security, nutrition security, icrier |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:ppaper:25 |
| By: | Sébastien Brion (IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon, AMU - Aix Marseille Université); Nathalie Fabbe-Costes (AMU ECO - Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté d'économie et de gestion - AMU - Aix Marseille Université, CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | Innovation is paradoxical. Its dominant conception is now showing its fragility in the face of the challenges of sustainability, while it has become an inescapable dogma in the economic and public spheres. This article highlights the limitations of a vision of innovation inherited from Schumpeter and limited to the economic dimension of "creative destruction". This vision, while illuminating the mechanisms of competition, is now proving incomplete in the face of today's environmental and social challenges. In contrast to naive "technological solutionism", this essay questions the theoretical foundations of innovation. In particular, it points to the pernicious effects of incremental innovation, which, under the guise of technological progress, perpetuates unsustainable models and fuels the "acceleration of the production of the useless. In light of these observations, the authors outline an alternative conception of innovation. From now on, innovation must inseparably integrate a system made up of four interdependent dimensions, allowing us to conceive of innovation in a sustainable way. |
| Abstract: | L'innovation joue et se joue de ses paradoxes. Si elle s'est imposée comme un dogme incontournable dans le monde des affaires et le domaine public, sa conception dominante révèle aujourd'hui ses fragilités face aux défis de la durabilité. Cet article met en lumière les limites d'une vision de l'innovation héritée de Schumpeter, cantonnée à la seule dimension économique de la "destruction créatrice". Cette vision, bien qu'éclairante sur les mécanismes concurrentiels, s'avère désormais incomplète face aux enjeux environnementaux et sociaux contemporains. À rebours du "solutionnisme technologique" naïf, cet essai interroge les fondements théoriques de l'innovation. Ils pointent notamment les effets délétères des innovations incrémentales qui, sous couvert de progrès technologique, perpétuent des modèles non soutenables et alimentent "l'accélération des productions de l'inutile". Face à ces constats, les auteurs esquissent les contours d'une conception alternative de l'innovation. Cette dernière doit désormais intégrer, de manière indissociable, un système composé de quatre dimensions interdépendantes permettant d'envisager l'innovation de manière soutenable. |
| Keywords: | innovation soutenable, techno-solutionnisme, approche systémique |
| Date: | 2024–10–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04755778 |
| By: | Roxana Dumitrescu; Redouane Silvente; Peter Tankov |
| Abstract: | We study the price impact of storage facilities in electricity markets and analyze the long-term profitability of these facilities in prospective scenarios of energy transition. To this end, we begin by characterizing the optimal operating strategy for a stylized storage system, assuming an arbitrary exogenous price process. Following this, we determine the equilibrium price in a market comprising storage systems (acting as price takers), renewable energy producers, and conventional producers with a defined supply function, all driven by an exogenous demand process. The price process is characterized as a solution to a fully coupled system of forward-backward stochastic differential equations, for which we establish existence and uniqueness under appropriate assumptions. We finally illustrate the impact of storage on intraday electricity prices through numerical examples and show how the revenues of storage agents may evolve in prospective energy transition scenarios from RTE, the French energy electricity network operator, taking into account both the increasing penetration of renewable energies and the self-cannibalization effect of growing storage capacity. We find that both the average revenues and the interquantile ranges increase in all scenarios, highlighting higher expected profits and higher risk for storage assets. |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2410.12495 |
| By: | Kreitmeir, David Hajo (Monash University) |
| Abstract: | Over the past two decades, violence against land and environmental activists has been on the rise, besetting even stable democracies. Using a unique, fine-grained data set on social conflict events in Peru and exogenous variation in world mineral prices, I document a strong link between local mineral rents and violent state repression of socioenvironmental protests in a democratic institutional setting. I show that the increase in the use of excessive force cannot be explained by changes in protester behavior. Empirical findings highlight the role of local authorities: the election of a pro-mining mayor is associated with a higher prevalence of state repression and corruption in the constituency. The legal and democratic accountability of local authorities is, however, found to be limited. The reported increase in corruption does not translate into more investigations against pro-mining mayors for corruption offenses nor are reelection results of incumbents found to be negatively affected by state violence against protesters. Finally, I show that violent state repression is successful in forestalling conflict resolution agreements that acknowledge protesters’ demands. |
| Date: | 2024–10–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:e7avt |
| By: | Meltem Chadwick (The South East Asian Central Banks (SEACEN) Research and Training Centre); Hulya Saygili (Atilim University) |
| Abstract: | This study addresses a significant gap in the existing literature by examining the association between weather variables, i.e., temperature and precipitation, and food price inflation at monthly frequency. Using a comprehensive panel dataset that spans 23 years of data for 186 countries, we explore this relationship in depth. Furthermore, we employ panel quantile regression techniques to investigate how weather-related variables influence food price inflation across different quantiles of inflation. Our findings reveal three key results. First, we establish that weather variables play a crucial role in explaining inflation, with temperature generally having a negative coefficient with inflation contemporaneously. In contrast, precipitation appears to have a positive coefficient, and the strength of these associations varies across different inflation quantiles. In addition, although the contemporaneous effect is negative, the cumulative inflationary effect of 1â—¦C temperature increase reaches up to 0.6 percentage points. Subsequently, our results demonstrate sensitivity to the method of clustering the panel of countries, indicating the importance of methodological considerations in such analyses. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Food price inflation; Panel data; Quantile regression |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sea:wpaper:wp55 |
| By: | Hamza Mjahed |
| Abstract: | The North Sea has been an important energy hub for many European countries for centuries. It is home to many natural resources, from oil and natural gas, to wind and wave energy, making it a powerhouse of energy production. In recent decades, the North Sea has seen significant investment in energy infrastructure and innovation, allowing many of these resources to be harnessed and used to supply energy to much of Europe. Furthermore, the North Sea has become more important for European energy security in the context of the volatility in global energy markets and European efforts to decouple from Russian fossil fuels. The North Sea is thus bound to play a vital role in the future of European energy security, with a large number of projects set to come online in the coming years, providing a significant boost to energy production. |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb_09_23 |
| By: | Hamza Mjahed |
| Abstract: | The North Sea has been an important energy hub for many European countries for centuries. It is home to many natural resources, from oil and natural gas, to wind and wave energy, making it a powerhouse of energy production. In recent decades, the North Sea has seen significant investment in energy infrastructure and innovation, allowing many of these resources to be harnessed and used to supply energy to much of Europe. Furthermore, the North Sea has become more important for European energy security in the context of the volatility in global energy markets and European efforts to decouple from Russian fossil fuels. The North Sea is thus bound to play a vital role in the future of European energy security, with a large number of projects set to come online in the coming years, providing a significant boost to energy production. |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb_09_23 |
| By: | Adi Nugraha (UnPad - Universitas Padjadjaran = Padjadjaran University); Raphael Paut (Agronomie - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Ari Ganjar Herdiansah (UnPad - Universitas Padjadjaran = Padjadjaran University); Susanti Withaningsih (Agronomie - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Parikesit Parikesit (UnPad - Universitas Padjadjaran = Padjadjaran University); Oekan S Abdoellah (UnPad - Universitas Padjadjaran = Padjadjaran University) |
| Abstract: | This study examined the social and economic feasibility of urban farming in Bandung, indonesia, from the viewpoint of the actors. observations, semi-structured and in-depth interviews with key informants including urban farmers, urban farming community leaders, traders, and government representatives in Bandung were used to collect data. according to the remarks of the interviewees, urban farming in Bandung is not economically motivated because the practices are not economically profitable for the actors. Rather, social factors, such as social collectivity and personal aspirations have propelled some of the urban farming movement's continuity in Bandung. This paper concludes that the city government has to start taking social motives into account when designing future urban farming programs rather than only highlighting its profitability, which can lead to future disappointments. This suggestion can contribute to the betterment of future urban farming activities in Bandung and cities with similar characteristics around the world. |
| Keywords: | community gardens, food production, sustainability, initiatives, Urban farming |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04728228 |
| By: | Alves, Guillermo; Lurgo, Facundo |
| Abstract: | Las temperaturas extremas afectan negativamente el aprendizaje, la productividad y la salud. La exposición de las poblaciones a las mismas adquiere especial relevancia debido al cambio climático. El presente trabajo presenta la distribución completa de las necesidades de calefacción y refrigeración presentes y futuras de la población y el territorio de América Latina y el Caribe. Si bien en la región predominan las necesidades de calefacción, dicha distribución completa permite identificar subpoblaciones y territorios con necesidades de refrigeración similares a las de los países fríos de Europa. La distribución completa futura de las necesidades de climatización según la senda socioeconómica compartida del IPCC (SSP2-4.5) revela incrementos del 25 % en el mediano plazo y del 50 % en el largo plazo en las necesidades de refrigeración en los países cálidos, que constituyen la mayoría. Por último, se utiliza la distribución completa de necesidades de refrigeración para estimar la posesión actual y futura de aires acondicionados para todos los países, dato esencial para prever el incremento en la demanda de electricidad y cuyo valor actual se encuentra disponible solo para la mitad de los países. |
| Keywords: | Ambiente, Calentamiento global, Cambio climático, Temperatura, Vivienda, |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbl:dblwop:2189 |
| By: | Mercadal, Ignacia |
| Abstract: | La transición hacia una matriz energética libre de emisiones de gases invernadero presenta múltiples desafíos desde el punto regulatorio. Primero, será necesario proveer los incentivos para que haya capacidad de generación y transmisión suficiente para mantener un sistema confiable, lo que se hace más difícil debido a que la intermitencia de las tecnologías renovables aumenta la volatilidad de la generación y la hace más difícil predecir. Para esto, también es importante proveer incentivos para que el sistema opere de manera eficiente, para lo cual es necesario que los precios a los que se transan los distintos servicios reflejen el costo de producirlos. En el artículo se discuten los desafíos en estas dos líneas, y finalmente se discute brevemente el caso de algunos países en su transición energética. |
| Keywords: | Energía, Productividad, Desarrollo, |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbl:dblwop:2254 |
| By: | Rim Berahab |
| Abstract: | Les fluctuations que connaissent les marchés de l'énergie depuis le début de la pandémie de la Covid-19 en 2019/2020 se sont prolongées, avec une incertitude sans précédent, sur l'approvisionnement énergétique mondial, qui s'est développée au cours de 2022 à la suite de l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie, dans un contexte d'affaiblissement de la macroéconomie et d'inflation élevée. Alors que certains voyaient en ce contexte un risque de ralentissement de la transition énergétique, d’autres y ont vu une opportunité pour s’affranchir des énergies fossiles et accélérer le développement des technologies propres. Ce Policy Brief explore cinq tendances récentes qui sont susceptibles de façonner la transformation du système énergétique en 2023 et met l’accent sur les enjeux des technologies propres qui seront nécessaires pour accélérer la transition vers un avenir plus vert. |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb_04_23 |
| By: | Rim Berahab |
| Abstract: | Les fluctuations que connaissent les marchés de l'énergie depuis le début de la pandémie de la Covid-19 en 2019/2020 se sont prolongées, avec une incertitude sans précédent, sur l'approvisionnement énergétique mondial, qui s'est développée au cours de 2022 à la suite de l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie, dans un contexte d'affaiblissement de la macroéconomie et d'inflation élevée. Alors que certains voyaient en ce contexte un risque de ralentissement de la transition énergétique, d’autres y ont vu une opportunité pour s’affranchir des énergies fossiles et accélérer le développement des technologies propres. Ce Policy Brief explore cinq tendances récentes qui sont susceptibles de façonner la transformation du système énergétique en 2023 et met l’accent sur les enjeux des technologies propres qui seront nécessaires pour accélérer la transition vers un avenir plus vert. |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb_04_23 |
| By: | Alberto Montagnoli (School of Economics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DT, UK); Karl Taylor (School of Economics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DT, UK) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we investigate the determinants of individual’s attitudes towards investing responsibly, based upon Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) considerations. Secondly, we look at how important ESG considerations are, over and above socio-economic characteristics including financial literacy and risk attitudes, in explaining whether individuals hold shares and/or equity, and the amount invested in financial assets. Using the UK Financial Lives Survey data which is collected by the Financial Conduct Authority, our analysis reveals that, firstly, individual characteristics have little explanatory power in terms of explaining responsible investments, except for: education; gender; age; and financial literacy. Secondly, those individuals who are interested in future responsible invest- ments are approximately 7 percentage points more likely to hold shares/equity, and have around 77% more money invested in financial assets (i.e. just under twice the amount). We also undertake several sensitivity checks, including the role of selection on unobservables and the extent to which the exogeneity assumption regarding interest in future responsible investments can be relaxed, as well as matching estimation techniques to move beyond mere statistical associations. |
| Keywords: | ESG Attitudes; Financial Literacy; Portfolio Investment |
| JEL: | D81 G11 D14 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:shf:wpaper:2024010 |
| By: | Corona, Sara |
| Abstract: | The interplay between cultural heritage and group identity is a multifaceted phenomenon that gains particular significance in the case of ethnic identities. Nation-building policies of cultural homogenisation haven’t always succeeded in incorporating ethnic minorities within the nation-state by replacing their sense of belonging with that of national identity. The Mediterranean island of Sardinia, a region of Italy, presents a compelling case study in this regard. The Sardinian population’s enduring sense of ethnic identity—distinctive and potentially in conflict with national identity—appears to be ignited around issues of heritage, in particular in response to a perceived threat coming from the outside. This research seeks to investigate the role of heritage in this conflict between Sardinian and Italian identity, taking as a case study the ongoing grassroots mobilisation against large-scale wind energy projects on the island. Here, I focus on the land and landscape as forms of heritage for the Sardinian people and investigate the development of their ethnic identity through this crucial experience of living-in-the-place. With this research, I aim to deepen our understanding of the persistence of ethnic minorities within nation-states, despite national assimilationist policies. |
| Date: | 2024–11–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:thesis:zgpsq |
| By: | McRae, Shaun D; Wolak, Frank A |
| Abstract: | High electricity prices hinder efforts to decarbonize through electrification. In this paper, we demonstrate the inefficiencies of the retail electricity tariffs for both residential and non residential consumers in Colombia. We show the low take up for a 2012 policy in Colombia that reduced electricity prices for industrial users. As an alternative, we propose a novel tariff design that eliminates customer class distinctions, aligns prices with marginal costs, and introduces a fixed charge based on estimated willingness to pay. Using data for the entire population of electricity consumers in Colombia, we illustrate the tariff’s potential to eliminate existing distortions in electricity pricing across customer classes while limiting bill increases for low income households. |
| Keywords: | Energía, |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbl:dblwop:2266 |
| By: | Ajayi, Victor (Energy Policy Research Centre, University of Cambridge); Andrew Burlinson, Andrew (University of Sheffield); Giulietti, Monica (Nottingham University Business School); Waterson, Michael (University of Warwick & CAGE research centre) |
| Abstract: | In April 2022, consumers in Great Britain (GB) witnessed a 54% increase in the energy price cap, as a result of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on February 24th, which sent wholesale gas prices spiralling across Europe. We leverage high-frequency data collected by the Smart Energy Research Lab, a representative panel containing daily gas and electricity data for around 13, 000 households in Great Britain between January 2021 and December 2023 to investigate the implications. We exploit several datasets linked to the panel data which include time-varying and cross-sectional information. We rely on two price shocks : 1) in October 2021 a wave of energy retail suppliers leaving the industry. At this time over two million consumers on fixed contracts were forced to join a new supplier and pay a variable tariff, and 2) these consumers were exposed to a second price shock caused by the Ukraine-Russia conflict which fed through April 2022’s energy price cap. Exploiting this pseudo-natural experiment, we use a difference-in-difference framework to estimate average treatment effects on this group of consumers and find that they would have consumed an additional 10 percentage points more electricity and 16 percentage points more gas had their prices remained fixed. These estimates are robust to a battery of robustness checks and point towards a significant loss in welfare for consumers on variable tariffs in the early stages of the energy price crisis |
| Keywords: | Difference-in-differences ; energy consumption ; energy crisis JEL Codes: L94 ; E31 ; D12 ; I19 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:warwec:1523 |
| By: | Lin, Yang; Thackway, William; Soundararaj, Balamurugan; Eagleson, Serryn; Han, Hoon; Pettit, Christopher |
| Abstract: | Planning for sustainable urban growth is a pressing challenge facing many cities. Investigating proposed changes to the built environment can provide planners and policymakers information to understand future urban development trends and related infrastructure requirements. It is in this context we have developed a novel urban analytics approach that utilises planning applications (PAs) data and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to forecast the housing supply pipeline in Australia. Firstly, we implement a data processing pipeline which scrapes, geocodes, and filters PA data from council websites and planning portals to provide the first nationally available daily dataset of PAs that are currently under consideration. Secondly, we classify the collected PAs into four distinct urban development categories, selected based on infrastructure planning provisioning requirements. Of the five model architectures tested, we found that the fine-tuned DeBERTA-v3 model achieves the best performance with an accuracy and F1-score of 0.944. This demonstrates the suitability of fine-tuned Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) for planning text classification tasks. Finally, the model is applied to classify and map urban development trends in Australia’s two largest cities, Sydney and Melbourne, from 2021-2022 and 2023-2024. The mapping affirms a face-validation test of the classification model and demonstrates the utility of PA insights for planners. Holistically, the paper demonstrates the potential for NLP to enrich urban analytics through the integration of previously inaccessible planning text data into planning analysis and decisions. |
| Date: | 2024–10–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:fs76e |
| By: | - |
| Date: | 2024–10–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:80838 |