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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Kenichi Kawasaki (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan) |
| Abstract: | Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have continued to increase. The targets of GHG emissions reduction under the Paris Agreement have been far from achievement. Carbon pricing has been implemented but it is limited, covering less than a quarter of global GHG emissions. This paper presents an overview of recent developments in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and investigates quantitatively the relative significance of the impact of carbon pricing, using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. The results of model simulations suggest that the impact of carbon pricing in the European Union (EU) member states and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries would be limited compared with that of a global initiative. Carbon tax (once introduced in a strong enough form worldwide, in particular if it included developing countries) would be effective for substantially reducing global CO2 emissions. However, the adverse economic impact of carbon pricing would be serious and much larger than the magnitude of possible carbon tax revenue. On the other hand, the impact of a carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) would be minor compared with that of a carbon tax, regardless of the coverage of countries. Trade effects of a CBAM could more or less be offset by trade liberalization. The economic and trade impact of carbon pricing would vary by region as well as by sector. Climate and trade policies would need to be well designed and based on sound quantitative analysis. |
| Keywords: | carbon tax, carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM), European Union (EU), Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ngi:dpaper:22-13&r= |
| By: | Arnone, Massimo; Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | In the following article, we analyse the relationships among banking stability, the efficiency of the energy system and climate risks at a global level. We present a detailed analysis of the literature relating to the relationship between the banking system and Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG models. In our research, we try to verify whether it is possible to achieve energy efficiency, stability of the banking system and reduction of climate risk together i.e. the “Green Trilemma”. The econometric analysis is conducted through the following models: Panel Data with Random Effects, Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Pooled Ordinary Least Squared and Weighted Least Squared-WLS. To estimate the variables we used World Bank data. The analysis shows that ESG growth is negatively associated with energy efficiency and positively associated with banking stability and climate risk. It therefore follows that the Green Trilemma hypothesis is rejected. Countries can only target banking stability and climate risk through ESG models. |
| Keywords: | Banks, Energy and the Macroeconomy, Energy Forecasting, Valuation of Environmental Effects, Climate, |
| JEL: | G21 Q43 Q47 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–06–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121169&r= |
| By: | Arnone, Massimo; Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | In the following article, we analyse the relationships among banking stability, the efficiency of the energy system and climate risks at a global level. We present a detailed analysis of the literature relating to the relationship between the banking system and Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG models. In our research, we try to verify whether it is possible to achieve energy efficiency, stability of the banking system and reduction of climate risk together i.e. the “Green Trilemma”. The econometric analysis is conducted through the following models: Panel Data with Random Effects, Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Pooled Ordinary Least Squared and Weighted Least Squared-WLS. To estimate the variables we used World Bank data. The analysis shows that ESG growth is negatively associated with energy efficiency and positively associated with banking stability and climate risk. It therefore follows that the Green Trilemma hypothesis is rejected. Countries can only target banking stability and climate risk through ESG models. |
| Date: | 2024–06–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:4758h&r= |
| By: | Agnes Norris-Keiller; John Van Reenen |
| Abstract: | Climate change is making natural disasters more frequent, yet little is known about the capacity of firms to withstand such disasters and adapt to their increased frequency. We examine this issue using the latest wave of the World Management Survey (WMS) that includes new questions on firms' climate change perceptions and adaptation behaviour. Combining this with geocoded data on natural disasters and previous WMS waves, we create a panel spanning 8, 000 firms across 33 countries and three decades that shows exposure to disasters decreases growth inputs, outputs and firm survival. More importantly, firms with structured management practices are more resilient, suffering much smaller drops in jobs and capital. To understand the mechanisms behind this resilience, we use the new WMS climate questions to show better managed firms have more accurate perceptions of climate-related risks to their businesses. Such firms are also more likely to have implemented measures to adapt to climate change both overall and in response to their perceived climate risk. Other aspects of firm organisation, such as decentralisation, also help protect against disasters, but their adaptation behaviour is not well-targeted. These results show that improving management is one way to help protect economies from climate change shocks. |
| Keywords: | climate, natural disasters, management practices, firm performance |
| Date: | 2024–06–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp2007&r= |
| By: | Jenner, Edward |
| Abstract: | Use of nuclear energy is likely to grow in the coming decades, in part to combat climate change. Increased deployment of nuclear energy will likely include use of advanced small reactors, which can facilitate decarbonization, increase nuclear safety, supplement gaps in renewable energy production, provide energy to low-demand communities, help desalinate water, and increase energy security. But there are also risks. Nuclear power, such as that produced by advanced small reactors, put nuclear material in more locations and use higher enrichment fuel for some reactor designs, both of which are security concerns. Moreover, while China and Russia already have operating advanced small reactors and are exploring using reactors aboard floating nuclear power plants, the U.S. will likely not have an operational advanced small reactor until the late 2020s. This brief explores the benefits and risks of advanced small nuclear reactors and describes strategies to mitigate these risks. The bottom line: advanced small nuclear reactors are a beneficial tool for reducing carbon emissions. But their safe deployment and use requires increasing nuclear security expertise and assessing both nuclear fuel and advanced small reactor needs. Moreover, nuclear newcomers need support to adopt nuclear norms and develop domestic nuclear regulatory bodies to lower the potential risks of nuclear energy while maximizing the potential benefits. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, climate change, nuclear energy |
| Date: | 2022–09–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:globco:qt7w0890jn&r= |
| By: | L. Dary Beltran; Manuel Alejandro Cardenete; Ferran Sancho |
| Abstract: | In response to increased awareness of climate change, environmental sustainability has become a policy objective in Europe. Despite a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions, the European Commission deems current progress insufficient. Discussions on implementing environmental policies persist, with environmental taxation emerging as one of the most controversial yet potentially effective economic instruments for reducing emissions. However, the extent of its impact on the economy remains under debate, as improvements in welfare and environmental quality hinge on various economic, political, and public preference factors. Therefore, we analyse the economic impact of introducing an environmental tax to achieve emission reduction targets in Spain, while also testing two systems for recycling tax revenues. This allows us to assess the potential for a second dividend. We select Spain as the unit of analysis due to its minimal utilisation of environmental taxes, as it ranks among the European countries that are least active in combating climate change using taxation. |
| Keywords: | Environmental taxation; Emissions mitigation; Tax recycling. |
| JEL: | D57 E16 H21 H23 |
| Date: | 2024–06–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aub:autbar:975.24&r= |
| By: | Anna Kowalska-Pyzalska; Ewa Neska; Maksymilian Bielecki |
| Abstract: | Renewable energy communities (REC) are pivotal in fostering decentralized, sustainable energy systems by empowering local stakeholders to collectively generate, share, and manage renewable energy resources, promoting community resilience and environmental stewardship. Within our study, we analyzed diversity of incentives and social barriers to participation in REC and identified actions to increase the willingness to participate in REC initiatives with particular consideration of the role of the understudied local Polish context. Hence, we present the results of the 16 in-depth interviews with Polish current and prospective prosumers and discuss the main drivers and barriers to participation in future REC. Our findings - interpreted against a broader backdrop of existing research and Bronfenbrenner's socio-ecological model - indicate that successful policies regarding REC have to consider the unprecedented growth rate of domestically installed photovoltaics and the specificity of Poland's historical, political, social, and economic conditions. We discuss the implications of the results for future policymakers and stakeholders responsible for REC implementation, along with some methodological remarks concerning the importance of accounting for heterogeneity and stronger embeddedness of research practices shaping policy design. |
| Keywords: | renewable energy community; prosumer; in-depth interview; Bronfenbrenner's socio-ecological model |
| JEL: | D91 Q20 Q33 Q42 Q55 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ahh:wpaper:worms2401&r= |
| By: | Szendrei, Tibor; Eross, Andrea; Mohammed, Mustapha; Ersoy, Erkal |
| Abstract: | As climate change becomes an ever-present problem, efforts have been made to make energy generation greener. One key tool to encourage renewable energy generation are feed-in-tariff policies, which have been employed in various countries across Europe. Using quarterly data, this study investigates the impact these policies had on the greening of the economy, on carbon emissions and on macroeconomic factors in European countries for the period 2011-2021. To achieve this, an energy augmented production function is postulated and estimated using a Bayesian Global VAR framework. We find a large degree of heterogeneity in the impact of feed-in-tariffs have on renewable energy penetration across the countries. Furthermore, negative externalities of simultaneous employment of green finance is found, highlighting that some coordination might be necessary to maximise the impact of such policies in achieving the goal of a greener energy profile. |
| Keywords: | Bayesian Global VAR, Energy policy, Feed-in-tariff, GIRF, renewable energy, spillover effects |
| JEL: | Q43 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hwuaef:299236&r= |
| By: | Tom Schmitz; Italo Colantone; Gianmarco Ottaviano |
| Keywords: | Environmental Policy, Employment, Trade, Clean Air Act |
| JEL: | E24 Q50 Q53 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:baf:cbafwp:cbafwp24225&r= |
| By: | Benatti, Nicola; Groiss, Martin; Kelly, Petra; Lopez-Garcia, Paloma |
| Abstract: | We examine the extent to which environmental regulation affects innovation and which policy types provide the strongest incentives to innovate. Using a local projection framework, we estimate the regulatory impact on patenting activity over a five-year horizon. As a proxy for environmental policy exposure, we estimate firm-level greenhouse gas emissions using a machine learning algorithm. At the country-level, policy tightening is largely associated with no statistically significant change in environmental technology innovation. At the firm-level, however, environmental policy tightening leads to higher innovation activity in technologies mitigating climate change, while the effect on innovation in other technologies is muted. This suggests that environmental regulation does not lead to a crowding-out of non-clean innovations. The policy type matters, as increasing the stringency of technology support policies and non-market based policies leads to increases in clean technology patenting, while we do not find a statistically significant impact of market-based policies. JEL Classification: O44, Q52, Q58 |
| Keywords: | emissions, environmental regulation, euro area, innovation, Porter hypothesis |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20242946&r= |
| By: | Adolfsen, Jakob Feveile; Heissel, Malte; Manu, Ana-Simona; Vinci, Francesca |
| Abstract: | We investigate the impact of expectations about future climate policy on investment decisions of fossil fuel firms. Our empirical analysis reveals that firms with greater exposure to climate change significantly increased their investment in response to the Paris Agreement, in contrast to firms with lower exposure. Importantly, investment was directed towards traditional activities in the fossil fuel industry. By contrast, there are no indications that firms invested to transition towards renewable energy sources nor in making production less carbon-intensive. Our findings contribute to the ongoing discussion about the potential adverse effects of delays in the implementation of climate regulation. JEL Classification: G31, G38, Q58 |
| Keywords: | climate change, fossil fuels, green paradox, investment, policy |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20242945&r= |
| By: | Janja Brendel (The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)); Cai Chen (INSEAD); Thomas Keusch (INSEAD); Zacharias Sautner (University of Zurich and Swiss Finance Institute) |
| Abstract: | We examine whether and how Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) create value in the ESG space. Our laboratory are allegations by NGOs about misleading or false corporate E&S claims. NGOs target predominantly large, publicly visible firms in the consumer-facing or oil and gas industries. The NGO campaigns mostly accuse firms because of statements related to their impacts on climate change, consumer health, and waste handling. Stock markets react with significantly negative announcement returns to the NGO campaigns, especially when the alleged behavior is about financially material E&S dimensions. There is a substantial increase in media reporting in response to the NGO allegations. Firms facing E-related allegations subsequently disclose less environmental information and firms criticized for misleading climate-related claims reduce future carbon emissions. |
| Keywords: | NGOs, ESG, Sustainability, E&S-Washing, GHG Emissions |
| JEL: | L31 M40 M41 M48 Q50 Q51 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2435&r= |
| By: | Marion Davin (CEE-M, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, SupAgro, Montpellier, France); Mouez Fodha (Paris School of Economics and University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne); Thomas Seegmuller (Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, AMSE, Marseille, France) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines an endogenous growth model that allows us to consider the dynamics and sustainability of debt, pollution, and growth. Debt evolves according to the financing adaptation and mitigation efforts and to the damages caused by pollution. Three types of features are important for our analysis: The technology through the negative effect of pollution on TFP; The fiscal policy; The initial level of pollution and debt with respect to capital. Indeed, if the initial level of pollution is too high, the economy is relegated to an endogenous tipping zone where pollution perpetually increases relatively to capital. If the effect of pollution on TFP is too strong, the economy cannot converge to a stable and sustainable long-run balanced growth path. If the income tax rates are high enough, we can converge to a stable balanced growth path with low pollution and high debt relative to capital. This sustainable equilibrium can even be characterized by higher growth and welfare. This last result underlines the role that tax policy can play in reconciling debt and environmental sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Environmental damage, pollution, fiscal policy, public debt, sustainability |
| JEL: | E60 H63 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aim:wpaimx:2418&r= |
| By: | Llavador, Humberto; Roemer, John; Stoerk, Thomas |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes a stylized model of the global economy in which countries must agree on the carbon budget while the decision on the level of carbon emissions is decentralized, with firms treating their emissions as a production input for which a uniform price is charged. The revenue accumulates in a global fund and is returned to global citizens according to national shares that are announced ex ante. The vector of country shares for the distribution of the carbon revenue assures that countries agree by unanimity on the carbon budget. The equilibrium exhibits the following desired features: (1) the global emissions level is set by unanimous agreement; (2) the demand to emit carbon is decentralized and, hence, there is no need to determine the distribution of permits; and (3) the equilibrium is Pareto efficient. We explore the implication of the model in an application based on RICE-2010. |
| Keywords: | carbon price; climate economics; climate policy; international environmental agreement |
| JEL: | Q54 Q56 Q58 F53 |
| Date: | 2022–12–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:123736&r= |
| By: | Bell, William Paul; Zheng, Xuemei |
| Abstract: | This reports aims to assist the Sino-Australian bilateral relationship adapt to meet China’s new policies and to facilitate a smoother transition to a low carbon future. Southwest University of Finance and Economics (SWUFE), Chengdu, China and the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia held a workshop at SWUFE to develop a guide to China’s low-carbon policies and their implications for the Sino-Australian energy trade and sectors. This report results from the workshop. Chapter 3 contains the guide to China’s low emission policies and discusses market-based experiments within China’s command-and-control electricity sector. Chapter 4 discuses Australia’s poorly implemented neoliberal polices within its energy sector and provides an informative market-based case study for China on what to avoid. Chapter 2 discusses the implications of Australia and China’s low emission policies. Chapter 5 discusses barriers to the transition to a low emissions economy. Climate change is one of the world’s major challenges. Others include increasing inequality and poor economic growth, creating a decline in inclusive growth. Declining inclusive growth and climate change are interrelated wicked problems. Their solution is technically and economically viable given appropriate investment but the absence of a price on carbon in Australia is a major obstacle to directing investment consistent with a low emissions future. Australia is transitioning from a mining to a more service orientated economy. However, Australia’s uncoordinated energy and climate change policy and poorly implemented neoliberal policies in the energy sector are undermining investment confidence and hindering both inclusive growth and the transition to a lower emissions economy. Energy and climate change policies need bring together to restore investment confidence within the electricity sector. The Integrated Systems Plan has gone some way to address this problem. Similarly, Australia’s uncoordinated growth and climate change policies are hindering inclusive growth and the transition to a lower emissions economy. Growth and climate change policies need bringing together to engender confidence and direct investment compatible with a low emissions future. Notably, Infrastructure Australia has gone some way to address this issue at the national level but the lack of transparency and independence in other jurisdictions undermines Infrastructure Australia’s effectiveness. Poor policy coordination is also hindering solutions to a host of other interrelated wicked problems. These wicked problems include massive increases in retail electricity prices, private school fees and private health insurance, the inability to undertake major tax reform, such as introducing a tax on sugar or carbon or introduce road user charges to replace the declining revenue from fuel excise duty. There is ample and sound evidence-based research to solve these wicked problems but there is an inability to enact policy in the interest of the electorate. The key findings of this report are four common barriers to enacting policy to solve these wicked problems. (1) Political donations present a conflict of interest. (2) Adversarial politics and political wedging reduce the ability to address complex problems. (3) There is an absence of academic economists informing the public debate to provide impartial advice. (4) Unrealistic models of the economy and human behaviour are misinforming policy. |
| Keywords: | Australia China wicked problems climate change electricity energy renewable energy inclusive growth inequality growth tax emissions generation coal electricity prices electricity market policies political donations political wedging adversarial politics economic growth donations neoclassical economics neoliberal policies government economic transition retail fossil fuel public good efficiency efficiency generators green investment green finance climate change risk housing boom mining boom zero net emissions |
| JEL: | H1 H2 O4 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 |
| Date: | 2108–02–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:84509&r= |
| By: | Kai Lessmann (PIK Potsdam, MCC Berlin); Friedemann Gruner (MCC Berlin, PIK Potsdam, University of Potsdam); Matthias Kalkuhl (MCC Berlin, PIK Potsdam, University of Potsdam, CEPA); Ottmar Edenhofer (PIK Potsdam, MCC Berlin, TU Berlin) |
| Abstract: | We analyze how conventional emissions trading schemes (ETS) can be modified by introducing “clean-up certificates” to allow for a phase of net-negative emissions. Clean-up certificates bundle the permission to emit CO2 with the obligation for its removal. We show that demand for such certificates is determined by cost-saving technological progress, the discount rate and the length of the compliance period. Introducing extra clean-up certificates into an existing ETS reduces near-term carbon prices and mitigation efforts. In contrast, substituting ETS allowances with clean-up certificates reduces cumulative emissions without depressing carbon prices or mitigation in the near term. We calibrate our model to the EU ETS and identify reforms where simultaneously (i) ambition levels rise, (ii) climate damages fall, (iii) revenues from carbon prices rise and (iv) carbon prices and aggregate mitigation cost fall. For reducing climate damages, roughly half of the issued clean-up certificates should replace conventional ETS allowances. In the context of the EU ETS, a European Carbon Central Bank could manage the implementation of cleanup certificates and could serve as an enforcement mechanism. |
| Keywords: | carbon removal, carbon pricing, net-negative emissions, carbon debt |
| JEL: | H23 Q48 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pot:cepadp:79&r= |
| By: | Tom Schmitz (Queen Mary University of London and CEPR); Italo Colantone (Bocconi University, Baffi-Carefin Research Centre, CESifo and FEEM); Gianmarco Ottaviano (Bocconi University, Baffi-Carefin Research Centre, CEP, CEPR and IGIER) |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the aggregate impact of air pollution regulations introduced by the US Environmental Protection Agency in the early 2000s. We first provide regression evidence on the regulations’ effects across industries and local labor markets. We then use these results to calibrate a quantitative model allowing for general equilibrium spillovers through trade, migration, industry switching, input-output linkages and emission externalities. Our model implies that regulations lowered emissions by 11.1%, but also destroyed between 228’000 and 267’000 jobs. Ignoring general equilibrium spillovers and naively extrapolating from our regressions overestimates job losses in polluting industries, but underestimates job losses in clean industries. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Policy, Fine Particles, Clean Air Act, Employment, Trade |
| JEL: | E24 Q50 Q53 |
| Date: | 2024–06–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qmw:qmwecw:980&r= |
| By: | Schenuit, Felix; Geden, Oliver |
| Abstract: | The outgoing European Commission has published its Communication on a 2040 climate target as its last major climate policy initiative before the 2024 European elections. By recommending a net emissions reduction target of 90 per cent compared to 1990 levels, it lays the strategic foundations for the forthcoming legislative period. At the same time, the policy initiative takes the opportunity to emphasise the growing importance of the interplay between industrial and climate policy, particularly with regard to carbon management technologies. Although reforming the EU's climate policy architecture for the years 2031 to 2040 will not begin until after the upcoming European elections, the Communication offers a glimpse into the political challenges that the German government will also have to face. |
| Keywords: | European climate policy, 2040 target, emissions reduction, carbon management technologies, greenhouse gas neutrality |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:297219&r= |
| By: | Gong Cheng; Torsten Ehlers; Frank Packer; Yanzhe Xiao |
| Abstract: | In traditional bond markets, sovereign bonds provide benchmarks and serve as catalysts for the corporate bond market development. Contrary to the usual sequence of bond market development, sovereign issuers are latecomers to sustainable bond markets. Yet, our empirical study finds that sovereign green bond issuance can have quantitative and qualitative benefits for the development of private sustainable bond markets. Our results suggest that both the number and the size of corporate green bond issuance increase more in a jurisdiction after the sovereign debut. The results are more pronounced in countries with stronger climate policies. Sovereign green bond issuance also improves the quality of green verification standards in the corporate bond market more generally, consistent with the aim of fostering third-party reviews and promoting best practice in green reporting and verification. Finally, our work provides evidence that the sovereign debut increases liquidity and diminishes yield spreads of corporate green bonds in the same jurisdiction. |
| Keywords: | Green bonds; sustainable bonds; sovereign debt; taxonomies; green verification; bond market development |
| Date: | 2024–06–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2024/120&r= |
| By: | Bacchiocchi, Emanuele; Bastianin, Andrea; Moramarco, Graziano |
| Abstract: | We estimate the short-run effects of severe weather shocks on local economic activity and assess cross-border spillovers operating through economic linkages between U.S. States. We measure weather shocks using a detailed county-level database on emergency declarations triggered by natural disasters and estimate their impacts with a monthly Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) model for the U.S. States. Impulse responses highlight significant country-wide macroeconomic effects of weather shocks hitting individual regions. We also show that (i) taking into account economic interconnections between states allows capturing much stronger spillover effects than those associated with mere spatial adjacency, (ii) geographical heterogeneity is critical for assessing country-wide effects of weather shocks, and (iii) network effects amplify the local impacts of these shocks. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2024–06–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:343506&r= |
| By: | Shufan Zhang; Minda Ma; Nan Zhou; Jinyue Yan |
| Abstract: | Surpassing the two large emission sectors of transportation and industry, the building sector accounted for 34% and 37% of global energy consumption and carbon emissions in 2021, respectively. The building sector, the final piece to be addressed in the transition to net-zero carbon emissions, requires a comprehensive, multisectoral strategy for reducing emissions. Until now, the absence of data on global building floorspace has impeded the measurement of building carbon intensity (carbon emissions per floorspace) and the identification of ways to achieve carbon neutrality for buildings. For this study, we develop a global building stock model (GLOBUS) to fill that data gap. Our study's primary contribution lies in providing a dataset of global building stock turnover using scenarios that incorporate various levels of building renovation. By unifying the evaluation indicators, the dataset empowers building science researchers to perform comparative analyses based on floorspace. Specifically, the building stock dataset establishes a reference for measuring carbon emission intensity and decarbonization intensity of buildings within different countries. Further, we emphasize the sufficiency of existing buildings by incorporating building renovation into the model. Renovation can minimize the need to expand the building stock, thereby bolstering decarbonization of the building sector. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2406.04133&r= |
| By: | Guy, Jonathan; Ratan, Ishana; Calacino, Anthony |
| Abstract: | Hydropower is the predominant renewable energy source globally and will play a key role in transitioning countries away from fossil fuels. Yet hydropower production is threatened by the effects of climate change, with significant implications for both energy security and the energy transition. In this policy brief, UC Berkeley PhD candidates Johnny Guy and Ishana Ratan, together with co-author Anthony Calacino, explore preliminary evidence from Brazil, Colombia, and Nepal that shows the multifaceted challenges hydropower-dependent nations face, and divergent responses governments have taken in response. They demonstrate why, in the face of increasing uncertainty, hydropower-dependent countries—already vulnerable to the impacts of seasonal disruptions to power supply—must develop robust strategies for load balancing and project risk management. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, hydropower, climate change, energy security, energy transition |
| Date: | 2023–12–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:globco:qt2ht4166s&r= |
| By: | Aoife M Foley (University of Manchester [Manchester]); Raphael Heffron (TREE - Transitions Energétiques et Environnementales - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CAM - University of Cambridge [UK]); Dlzar Al Kez (University of Manchester [Manchester], QUB - Queen's University [Belfast]); Dylan D Furszyfer del Rio (University of Sussex); Celine Mcinerney (UCC - University College Cork); Andrew Welfle (University of Manchester [Manchester]) |
| Abstract: | The prominent growth in environmental, social and governance (ESG) investment is evident, with the number of global assets managed sustainably more than doubled over the last decade. This trend is expected to continue until 2030. This type of financial data is positive but given the United Nations stated 'climate emergency' and 'climate survival' in society today, there needs to be an even greater acceleration of growth in ESG investment. Unfortunately, significant negativity has emerged on ESG in recent years. This 'Cutting Edge' study explores the reasons why and how ESG investment has veered off the journey towards enabling society to achieve both its targets under the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Energy Agenda and the 2015 Paris Agreement. It examines the factors prompting leading multinational companies, particularly in the energy and food sectors, to shift their corporate strategies. The key message advanced is that ESG frameworks and guidelines are not problematic; rather, the issue lies in the practice of ethics in decision-making within corporations. Addressing this ethical challenge, which is at the heart of ESG practices, across different professions and disciplines can rebuild trust among stakeholders in ESG investing. This form of interdisciplinary ‘just transition ethics' can re-orient us back on the journey towards a just and sustainable world |
| Keywords: | Environmental, ESG factors, Ethics, Global finance, Just transition, Sustainable finance, social and governance UN SDGs United |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04591317&r= |
| By: | Samuel Lietaer; Lore Van Praag; Hut Elodie; Michellier Caroline |
| Abstract: | This qualitative study takes a translocal perspective by considering migrants’ views on environmental change, migration decisions and translocal practices in favour of environmental adaptation. This article addresses the following question: To what extent do migrants’ perceptions of environmental change in their region of origin influence their translocal practices in favour of adaptation to socio-environmental change? Our data show that while environmental change may not be the primary reason that people migrate, nor do they perceive it as such, their translocal practices may have very concrete impacts in environmentally fragile areas, especially with respect to non-migrants in the place of origin. Most practices (e.g. family economic remittances) are spontaneous and unintentionally adaptive to environmental change. In contrast, collective projects initiated through hometown associations, especially in Senegal and Morocco, often have a more intentional and proactive character, resulting in translocal adaptive socio-environmental dynamics. |
| Keywords: | International migration; Environmental change; Climate change; Translocal practices; Transnationalism; Morocco; Senegal; Democratic Republic of Congo; Belgium |
| Date: | 2024–04–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/373608&r= |
| By: | Sidra Rehman; Laura Jaramillo |
| Abstract: | Do weather shocks worsen conflict around the world? To answer this question, this paper uses an innovative dataset created by using georeferencing to match weather and conflict data at the subregional level on a monthly frequency across 168 countries over 2013 to 2022.The empirical results show that higher temperature exacerbate conflict where it already exists. Estimations indicate that, in a high emissions scenario and all else equal, by 2060 conflict deaths as a share of the population for a median country facing conflict could increase by 12.3 percent due to rising temperatures. These findings underscore the importance of integrating climate resilience into peace and security efforts and designing climate adaptation policies that support conflict prevention and resolution. |
| Keywords: | conflict; temperature; precipitation; climate change |
| Date: | 2024–06–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2024/112&r= |
| By: | Laurent Millischer; Mr. Chenxu Fu; Ulrich Volz; John Beirne |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the relationship between the adoption of renewable energy and the sensitivity of inflation to changes in fossil energy prices across 69 countries over a 50-year period from 1973 to 2022. In the wake of recently increased oil and gas prices leading to a surge in inflation, the notion of a “divine coincidence” suggests that higher levels of renewable energy adoption, in addition to fighting climate change, could mitigate fossil fuel price-induced inflation volatility. Confirming the divine coincidence hypothesis could be an argument in favor of greening monetary policy. However, our empirical results are inconsistent with the hypothesis as we find no evidence that increased renewable energy adoption reduces the impact of fossil fuel price changes on energy inflation rates. This counter-intuitive result may be attributed to idiosyncratic national energy policies, potential threshold effects, or trade linkage spillovers. As the world continues transitioning towards a low-carbon economy, understanding the implications of this shift on inflation dynamics is crucial. |
| Keywords: | Inflation; Renewable Energy; Energy Prices; Oil Price; Monetary Policy |
| Date: | 2024–05–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2024/111&r= |
| By: | Dorothée Brécard (LEAD - Laboratoire d'Économie Appliquée au Développement - UTLN - Université de Toulon); Mireille Chiroleu-Assouline (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Environmental nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are increasingly using strategies to encourage firms to eliminate product components (e.g., palm oil) that are harmful to the environment (e.g., rainforests) or to replace them with NGO‐certified sustainable components. Under what conditions do NGOs' information and ecolabeling strategies succeed in eliminating certain harmful components when these components contribute to the intrinsic quality of a product? The paper addresses these questions using a model of two‐dimensional vertical product differentiation in a market with consumers either informed or uninformed about the environmental quality of products and two firms that initially offer a product with the harmful component and a harmful component‐free product. We show that the information campaign plays a crucial and effective role in improving environmental quality, although the optimal share of informed consumers for the NGO is large but not always 100%. Ecolabeling cannot replace the information campaign. It is only a complementary tool to an intensive information campaign. Used together, they can succeed in triggering the substitution of the certified sustainable component for the harmful one. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04592469&r= |
| By: | Victor Cardenas |
| Abstract: | The document discusses the financial climate risk in the context of the banking industry, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of climate change across different spatial and temporal scales. It highlights the challenges in estimating physical and transition risks, specifically extreme events and limitations of current climate models. The document also reviews current gaps in assessing physical and transition risks, including the development, improvement of modeling frameworks, highlighting the need for detailed databases of exposed physical assets and climatic hazard modeling. It also emphasizes the importance of integrating financial climate risks into financial risk management practices, particularly in smaller banks and lending organizations. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2405.17682&r= |
| By: | Erlend Hordvei; Sebastian Emil Hummelen; Marianne Petersen; Stian Backe; Pedro Crespo del Granado |
| Abstract: | The European Commission's new definition of green hydrogen provides clear guidelines and legal certainty for producers and consumers. However, the strict criteria for electrolysis production, requiring additionality, temporal correlation, and geographical correlation, could increase hydrogen costs, affecting its competitiveness as an energy carrier. This study examines the impact of these European regulations using a stochastic capacity expansion model for the European energy market up to 2048. We analyze how these requirements influence costs and investment decisions. Our results show that green hydrogen production requirements will raise system costs by 82 Euro billion from 2024 to 2048, driven mainly by a rapid transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. The additionality requirement, which mandates the use of new renewable energy installations for electrolysis, emerges as the most expensive to comply with but also the most effective in accelerating the transition to renewable power, particularly before 2030. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2406.07149&r= |
| By: | Miquel Oliu-Barton; Juan Mejino Lopez |
| Abstract: | Despite major progress, the cost of air pollution is still huge for the European Union |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bre:wpaper:node_10096&r= |
| By: | Mira Word Ries (ASU - Arizona State University [Tempe]); Chris Adriaansen (Australian Plague Locust Commission - Partenaires INRAE); Shoki Aldobai (FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations); Kevin Berry (University of Alaska [Anchorage]); Amadou Bocar Bal (UGB - Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Sénégal); Maria Cecilia Catenaccio (SENASA - Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria); Maria Marta Cigliano (CEPAVE - Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores [La Plata] - CONICET - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] - UNLP - Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] - CIC - Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas [Buenos Aires]); Darron A. Cullen (University of Hull [United Kingdom]); Ted Deveson (Australian Plague Locust Commission - Partenaires INRAE); Aliou Diongue (United Nations World Food Programme, P. O. Box 7159, Kampala, Uganda); Bert Foquet (UF - University of Florida [Gainesville]); Joleen Hadrich (UMN - University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] - UMN - University of Minnesota System); David Hunter (Locust and Grasshopper Control); Dan L. Johnson (University of Lethbridge); Juan Pablo Karnatz (Confederaciones Rurales Argentinas); Carlos E. Lange (CEPAVE - Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores [La Plata] - CONICET - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] - UNLP - Universidad Nacional de la Plata [Argentine] - CIC - Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas [Buenos Aires]); Douglas Lawton (AgBiome); Mohammed Lazar (Institut National de la Protection des Végétaux - Partenaires INRAE); Alexandre V. Latchininsky (FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations); Michel Lecoq (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Marion Le Gall (ASU - Arizona State University [Tempe]); Jeffrey Lockwood (UW - University of Wyoming); Balanding Manneh (CAM - University of Cambridge [UK]); Rick Overson (ASU - Arizona State University [Tempe]); Brittany F. Peterson (SIUE - Southern Illinois University [Edwardsville]); Cyril Piou (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Mario A. Poot-Pech (CESVY - Comité Estatal de Sanidad Vegetal del Estado de Yucatán); Brian E. Robinson (McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]); Stephen M. Rogers (University of Lincoln [UK]); Hojun Song (Texas A&M University [College Station]); Simon Springate (University of Greenwich); Clara Therville (SENS - Savoirs, ENvironnement et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Eduardo Trumper (INTA - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria); Cathy Waters (NSW DPI - New South Wales Department of Primary Industries); Derek A. Woller (USDA-APHIS - USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service - USDA - United States Department of Agriculture); Jacob P. Youngblood (SOU - Southern Oregon University); Long Zhang (CAU - China Agricultural University); Arianne Cease (ASU - Arizona State University [Tempe]) |
| Abstract: | Locusts and other migratory grasshoppers are transboundary pests. Monitoring and control, therefore, involve a complex system made up of social, ecological, and technological factors. Researchers and those involved in active management are calling for more integration between these siloed but often interrelated sectors. In this paper, we bring together 38 coauthors from six continents and 34 unique organizations, representing much of the social -ecological -technological system (SETS) related to grasshopper and locust management and research around the globe, to introduce current topics of interest and review recent advancements. Together, the paper explores the relationships, strengths, and weaknesses of the organizations responsible for the management of major locust -affected regions. The authors cover topics spanning humanities, social science, and the history of locust biological research and offer insights and approaches for the future of collaborative sustainable locust management. These perspectives will help support sustainable locust management, which still faces immense challenges such as fluctuations in funding, focus, isolated agendas, trust, communication, transparency, pesticide use, and environmental and human health standards. Arizona State University launched the Global Locust Initiative (GLI) in 2018 as a response to some of these challenges. The GLI welcomes individuals with interests in locusts and grasshoppers, transboundary pests, integrated pest management, landscape -level processes, food security, and/or cross-sectoral initiatives. |
| Keywords: | Acrididae, basic and applied research, biocontrol agents, collective action, environmental governance, food security, Global Locust Initiative (GLI), livelihoods, Locusta, Melanoplus, Metarhizium, multidisciplinary research, Oedaleus, organizations, Orthoptera, Paranosema, Schistocerca, social-ecological-technological system (SETS), transboundary migratory pest Acanthacris ruficornis (Fabricius, transboundary migratory pest |
| Date: | 2024–05–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04605947&r= |
| By: | Gravina, Antonio Francesco (University of Palermo); Lanzafame, Matteo (Asian Development Bank) |
| Abstract: | The substantial literature on the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth—known as the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)—has produced very mixed evidence. This largely depends on model and variable selection uncertainty. We address these issues relying on Bayesian Model Averaging techniques. Our results indicate that the EKC has an inverted-N shape, with almost all emerging economies analyzed on the upward segment of the curve displaying a positive association between per capita gross domestic product and carbon dioxide emissions, and most advanced economies analyzed on the second downward segment of the curve. These findings are robust to the use of different measures of environmental pollution and (non-Bayesian) Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression techniques. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Kuznets Curve; economic growth; model uncertainty |
| JEL: | C52 O13 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024–06–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0731&r= |
| By: | Ewa Neska; Maksymilian Bielecki; Anna Kowalska-Pyzalska |
| Abstract: | Renewable energy communities (RECs) are garnering significant interest and stimulating extensive discussions. However, they remain a marginal element of power systems in most countries, confined primarily to pilot projects and small-scale deployments. In Poland, this issue is even more pronounced, as RECs have not yet gained substantial public awareness. To explore why RECs are easier to discuss than to implement, we conducted in-depth interviews with a select group of experts. Utilizing PESTEL analysis to examine macro-environmental factors and investigate their interplay. Our study provides a diagnosis of the current situation and proposes a roadmap for the effective development of RECs. |
| Keywords: | renewable energy community; in-depth interview; PESTEL analysis |
| JEL: | D91 Q20 Q33 Q42 Q55 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ahh:wpaper:worms2402&r= |
| By: | Gulliver Lux (UQAM - Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal); Emmanuelle Fromont (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Thi Le Hoa Vo (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This article questions the prospects for growth or degrowth of companies as a means of preserving the Earth's ecosystem. More specifically, we propose using a carbon productivity indicator in association with the IPCC Carbon Productivity Target (based on UNFCCC work) to assess the genuine ecological impact of corporate economic activity. This indicator was applied to data from 2015 to 2019 for a sample of companies in the SFB 120 index, and results from their classification are compared to the results obtained with indicators that do not take into account the IPCC targets based on UNFCCC work (Scopes). We highlight how a company's economic growth plays a key role in the fight against global warming. We found that a significant share of the companies that usually qualified as green using the Scope 1 and 2 emissions are, in fact, not green (63% and 43% of polluting and low-polluting companies, respectively). We underscore the fact that while green growth still seems possible, the same is true of green degrowth. More specifically, our results advocate for either controlled growth or for slight degrowth in business activity. Lastly, our results open a discussion on degrowth by highlighting how companies in this situation are over-represented among those that meet IPCC objectives. |
| Keywords: | Green growth, Degrowth, IPCC, UNFCCC, Carbon productivity, GHG emissions |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04188747&r= |
| By: | Katharina Drescher; Benedikt Janzen |
| Abstract: | We study the effects of temperature on occupational health using administrative data on Swiss occupational accidents from 1996 to 2019. Our results imply that on hot days (Tmax ≥30◦C) the number of occupational accidents increases by 7.4% and on ice days (Tmax |
| Keywords: | Occupational Health, Labor Supply, Climate Change |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bav:wpaper:226_drescher_1&r= |
| By: | Kriesch, Lukas (Justus Liebig University Giessen); Losacker, Sebastian (Justus Liebig University Giessen) |
| Abstract: | Many governments worldwide have proposed transitioning from a fossil-based economy to a bioeconomy to address climate change, resource depletion, and other environmental concerns. The bioeconomy utilizes renewable biological resources across all sectors and is strongly founded on scientific advances and technological progress. Given that the bioeconomy spans multiple sectors, industries, and technological fields, tracking it is challenging, and both policymakers and researchers lack a comprehensive understanding of the bioeconomy transition's progress. We aim to solve this problem by providing a dataset on patents, a commonly used indicator to study the development of novel knowledge and technological change, that identifies bioeconomy-related inventions. We leverage the advanced semantic understanding embedded in pre-trained transformer models to identify bioeconomy-related patents based on patent abstracts, and we use a topic modelling approach to identify several coherent technological fields within the corpus of bioeconomy patents. The dataset can be linked to other patent databases and therefore provides rich opportunities to study the technological knowledge base of the bioeconomy. |
| Keywords: | Patents; Bioeconomy; Natural Language Processing; Innovation |
| JEL: | O31 O34 Q16 Q55 |
| Date: | 2024–06–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2024_008&r= |
| By: | Federica De Pace |
| Abstract: | Housing affordability has deteriorated in the past decade. There is scope for eliminating barriers to expand housing supply by reforming land use policy and streamlining the administration of building permits. Measures can be taken to promote the expansion of the rental market and reform housing taxation to reduce the bias in favour of owner-occupied housing. Ensuring adequate supply and funding for construction and operation of social housing is crucial to improve living conditions for the most vulnerable. Accelerating the formalisation of property rights in Roma settlements would help to provide basic infrastructures for adequate access to water and sanitation. Implementing stricter regulation and targeted financial assistance to households most in need would help incentivise housing renovations, reduce energy poverty and advance environmental objectives. |
| Keywords: | building permits, environmentally sustainable housing, housing affordability, housing conditions for Roma, housing taxation, rental market, Slovak Republic, social housing |
| JEL: | H20 H23 R21 R31 R38 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–06–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1806-en&r= |
| By: | Mariangela Zoli; Luca Congiu |
| Abstract: | This working paper takes stock of the literature on behaviourally-informed interventions to facilitate the transition to a circular economy and discusses measures that could be pilot tested in Italy. It provides an overview of the key concepts of behavioural economics and describes the main “biases” that could influence the adoption of behaviours aligned with the transition to a circular economy by consumers. It goes on to review the empirical evidence on the motivations that may affect the adoption of such behaviours, as well as the empirical insights into the effectiveness of implemented behavioural interventions relevant to the circular economy transition. Finally, the paper introduces three proposals for experimental pilots in Italy. |
| Keywords: | Behavioural insights, Circular economy, Environmental policy, Recycling, Solid Waste, Waste management |
| JEL: | D03 Q53 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–06–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:242-en&r= |
| By: | Yamaura, Koichi; Xu, Siyi; Sugiyama, Masahiro; Ju, Yiyi |
| Abstract: | For Japan, which has not operated nearly all of its nuclear power plants since 2011 and is dependent on thermal power generation, the introduction of renewable energy into homes is extremely important for the future formation of a sustainable society. However, the introduction of net zero energy house (ZEH) in detached houses, which account for 55% of all dwellings in Japan, has not progressed. To promote the introduction of ZEH, this study clarified the awareness of owners of detached houses regarding ZEH. We analyzed factors that influence such perception of solar photovoltaics (PV) technology using a 1000-sample online survey questionnaire. The survey was conducted in late January 2020 and included questions examining the public perception of solar installation and factors that were found to be important in previous research. We found that Japanese respondents who live in detached houses generally lack an understanding of renewables and that the level of interest in installing solar PV for the ZEH is low. We also found that awareness of renewables, such as knowing new energy policy and searching information on solar PV, is the critical factor of installing renewables. At the same time, most socio-demographic and neighborhood variables seem not to influence installing solar PV or other technologies for ZEH. This research will contribute to the Japanese government’s goal of strengthening education on renewable energy to promote ZEH. |
| Keywords: | Japan; Net zero energy houses; public perceptions; renewables; solar photovoltaics |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2024–05–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:123711&r= |
| By: | Fuhrmann-Riebel, Hanna (University of East Anglia); D'Exelle, Ben (University of East Anglia); López Vargas, Kristian (University of California, Santa Cruz); Tonke, Sebastian (Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods); Verschoor, Arjan (University of East Anglia) |
| Abstract: | Tackling environmental pollution requires a permanent change in regular, repeated behavior of households. Bringing about change in such behavior may require interventions that are not limited to a single point in time, yet little evidence exists on how frequently we need to target households to initiate behavioral change and to form new habits in regular pro-environmental behavior. To fill this gap, we investigate the impact of mobile text reminders on households' recycling behavior in urban Peru, by randomly varying the frequency of reminders over a nine-week treatment period. We find that reminders increase both the likelihood that households start to recycle, and the frequency of recycling among households that already recycled before the intervention. The effects are stronger if reminders are repeated over a longer period. Our findings suggest that low-cost mobile text reminders can support repeated pro-environmental behavior, and that some repetition may be needed to maximize their effectiveness. |
| Keywords: | recycling, habit formation, limited attention, reminders, Peru |
| JEL: | C93 D83 D90 D91 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17013&r= |
| By: | Benoit Jamet (IRGO - Institut de Recherche en Gestion des Organisations - UB - Université de Bordeaux - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Bordeaux); Julien Bousquet; Antoine Masse |
| Abstract: | The determinants of banks' voluntary environmental disclosure have been little studied in the literature. Drawing from the assumptions of institutional theory, this paper analyzes the impact of the national context, including the general legal system and the environmental policy of states, on banks' carbon disclosure. Based on three international samples, the results show a positive relationship between the strength of the legal system (degree of law enforcement), the stringency of environmental regulations, environmental performance, and the quality of banks' carbon disclosure. |
| Abstract: | Los factores determinantes de la divulgación voluntaria de información medioambiental por parte de los bancos han sido poco estudiados en la literatura. Partiendo de los supuestos de la teoría institucional, este trabajo analiza el impacto del contexto nacional, incluido el sistema jurídico general y la política medioambiental de los Estados, en la divulgación de las emisiones de carbono por parte de los bancos. Basándose en tres muestras internacionales, los resultados muestran una relación positiva entre la solidez del sistema jurídico (grado de cumplimiento de la ley), el rigor de la normativa medioambiental, los resultados medioambientales y la calidad de la divulgación de las emisiones de carbono por parte de los bancos. |
| Abstract: | Les déterminants de la divulgation volontaire d'informations environnementales par les banques ont été peu étudiés dans la littérature. S'appuyant sur les hypothèses de la théorie institutionnelle, cet article analyse l'impact du contexte national, y compris le système juridique général et la politique environnementale des États, sur la divulgation des émissions de carbone par les banques. Sur la base de trois échantillons internationaux, les résultats montrent une relation positive entre la force du système juridique (degré d'application de la loi), la rigueur des réglementations environnementales, la performance environnementale et la qualité de la divulgation d'informations sur le carbone par les banques. |
| Keywords: | Banking industry, Voluntary carbon disclosure, Institutional theory, Legitimacy theory, Sector bancario, Revelación voluntaria de información sobre el carbono, Teoría institucional, Teoría de la legitimidad, Secteur bancaire, Divulgation volontaire des émissions de carbone, Théorie institutionnelle, Théorie de la légitimité. |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04593177&r= |
| By: | Sharofiddinov Husniddin (School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, Japan); Moinul Islam (School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, Japan); Koji Kotani (School of Economics and Management, Kochi University of Technology, Japan) |
| Abstract: | Climate change is a global concern, having a negative impact on agriculture, for food security and sustainability. Farmers’ adaptations are known to be key drivers for the resolutions. However, little is established about relationships between farmers’ characteristics and adaptation responses to climate change under irrigated agriculture. We investigate how farm sizes influence the adaptations in consideration to irrigation-related, cognitive and socioeconomic factors reflecting farming culture and history, hypothesizing that large-size farms adapt to climate change as compared to small-size ones in Tajikistan, where collective farming, “Kolkhoz and Sovkhoz, †had been practiced. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey with 800 farmers on their adaptations, farm sizes, climatic perceptions, irrigation water availability and socioeconomic factors. We conduct statistical analyses utilizing the index to characterize farmers’ adaptation responses. The results indicate an importance of farm sizes on adaptations, demonstrating that small-size farms adapt less than large-size farms, but increases their adaptations when they have good climatic perceptions and irrigation water availability. Overall, this research confirms an advantage of large-size farms for adaptations based on Tajikistan farming culture and history. Thus, the ongoing land-fragmentation policy should be reconsidered for possible losses in adaptations, as it has been drastically increasing the number of small-size farms. Otherwise, it is essential to support the small-size farms for acquiring good perceptions and enough water. |
| Keywords: | Farm sizes, adaptation responses, farming culture, history, Tajikistan |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kch:wpaper:sdes-2024-2&r= |
| By: | Arvidsson, Niklas (KTH Royal Institute of Technology); Harahap, Fumi (KTH Royal Institute of Technology); Urban, Frauke (KTH Royal Institute of Technology); Nurdiawati , Anissa (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: | The expansion of digital payment services like retail Central Bank Digital Currencies (rCBDCs) built on innovative ICT infrastructure, notably datacenters, raises questions regarding potential environmental consequences due to electricity consumption. The design of such systems is critical for environmental impact as it scales with multiple actors and complex protocols as well as being influenced by server location and energy sources. In addition to other critical issues related to rCBDCs, understanding its environmental impact is therefore crucial for policymakers if they are to ensure sustainability. This study analyses one potential rCBDC, the Swedish e-krona project, by focusing on design choices and electricity consumption by comparing to existing retail payment services. Findings indicate that the energy use per transaction of the e-krona is comparable to that of card payments. There are, at the same time, significant differences in energy use depending on whether the design of the infrastructure for the e-krona is centralized or decentralized, where a centralized solution tend to be less energy consuming than a decentralized solution. The study has deployed a lifecycle perspective to explore energy consumption scenarios across various ledger infrastructures enabling a comprehensive assessment. |
| Keywords: | Energy Consumption; Climate Impact; Digital Payment; E-krona; rCBDC |
| JEL: | E58 O38 P44 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:rbnkwp:0437&r= |
| By: | Marcelo Arbex (Department of Economics, University of Windsor); Zachary Mahone (Department of Economics, McMaster University) |
| Abstract: | Environmental concerns over growing raw material extraction and waste generation have led many governments, including the United States, to introduce policies intended to reduce the extraction of new materials from the earth and boost material recycling. In the policy sphere, this is referred to as circularity. This paper develops a quantitative growth model with material use and directed technical change to quantify the costs of circularity policies. We study the United States goal of 50% recycling by 2030 and find it would require doubling recycling subsidies and cost 0.17% in consumption-equivalent welfare. However, this policy would also increase virgin extraction. Achieving a substantial reduction in new material extraction itself is very costly. Returning to 1970 levels of extraction entails a long run consumption cost of 6% and lost growth of 1.1% per decade. |
| Keywords: | Materials, Directed technical change, Growth; Circular economy. |
| JEL: | H23 O33 O44 Q38 Q53 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wis:wpaper:2402&r= |
| By: | Sanctuary, Mark (KTH Royal Institute of Technology & IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute); Lavenius, Axel (IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute); Parlato, Giorgio (Stockholm University); Plue, Jan (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences); Crona, Beatrice (Stockholm University) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the extent to which the portfolios of green funds differ from conventional funds. We use non-metric multidimensional scaling to analyse 24 549 securities held by 6888 funds traded on European markets as of March 2023. Thisnumerical methodology reduces the fund compositional matrix from thousands ofdimensions to two dimensions, revealing patterns that can be studied graphically.Each fund is classified into three categories by the EU Taxonomy: dark-green, light-green, or conventional funds. With a few exceptions, the results indicate thatthe compositional differences in fund holdings across these three types of funds aresmall: green fund portfolios are largely the same as conventional fund portfolios. Anotable exception are energy sector funds where we find compositional differencesin the holdings of green and conventional funds. Our findings suggest that the EU’sregulatory effort on sustainable finance has not yet delivered on anti-greenwashingobjectives, and that ESG based investing is doin ittle to shift fund allocations. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable finance; investment funds; ESG; Non-metric multidimensional scaling; ordination |
| JEL: | D53 G11 M14 |
| Date: | 2024–06–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cesisp:0499&r= |
| By: | Ludivine Dupont (i3-CRG - Centre de recherche en gestion i3 - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Florence Charue Duboc (i3-CRG - Centre de recherche en gestion i3 - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Christophe Midler (i3-CRG - Centre de recherche en gestion i3 - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Académie des Technologies) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the construction, dynamics and appropriation of Environmental Performance Indicators (EPIs) within an organization, specifically focusing on their development process. Over the course of a year, the author conducted more than 50 interviews and 30 meetings with stakeholders to analyze the development of EPIs in new product development. The research highlights the roles of experts, project teams, and executive management in EPI construction, emphasizing stakeholder learning and compromises. The findings enrich the discussion on stakeholder integration in EPI processes and the roles of eco-design tools, particularly during preliminary development stages, addressing the gap between academic research and practical application. |
| Keywords: | Eco-design, environmental performance indicators, sustainable innovation |
| Date: | 2024–06–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04579468&r= |
| By: | Hugo Sant'Anna |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the labor market impacts of the 2015 Mariana Dam disaster in Brazil. It contrasts two theoretical models: an urban spatial equilibrium model and a factor of production model, with diverging perspectives on environmental influences on labor outcomes. Utilizing rich national administrative and spatial data, the study reveals that the unusual environmental alteration, with minimal human capital loss, primarily affected outcomes via the factor of production channel. Nevertheless, spatial equilibrium dynamics are discernible within certain market segments. This research contributes to the growing literature on environmental changes and its economic consequences. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2405.15862&r= |
| By: | Helen Micheaux (SADAPT - Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris) - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - I3 - Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Daniela Erohina; Marie Montliaud |
| Abstract: | The transition towards a circular economy presents significant challenges and opportunities for the social economy sector. This paper explores the competencies, skills, and training required to facilitate this green transition, drawing on findings from the baSE project - a comprehensive European initiative under the Erasmus+ Program aimed at advancing skills and training in the social economy for green transition. Through a mixed-method approach encompassing literature reviews, surveys, and focus group discussions, the study identifies key skill gaps and training needs within the social economy sector, emphasizing the importance of innovative, accessible, and practical training solutions. The findings contribute to the development of strategic educational frameworks that align with circular economy objectives, highlighting the pivotal role of the social economy in becoming a sustainable and resilient socioeconomic system. |
| Date: | 2024–09–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04599588&r= |
| By: | Brown, Dennis M. |
| Abstract: | This annotated bibliography summarizes studies on rural tourism. Primary emphasis is on studies dealing with the United States, but some international studies are also included. Topics covered include tourism planning and development, tourism marketing, tourism and rural development, tourism and sustainable development, economic and other effects of tourism, heritage tourism, nature-based tourism/ecotourism, and agritourism. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Farm Management, Marketing, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Sustainability |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersmp:343464&r= |
| By: | Feld, Immanuel (University of Warwick); Fetzer, Thiemo (University of Warwick, University of Bonn, ECONtribute, STICERD, CAGE, NIESR, CESifo, and CEPR.) |
| Abstract: | Climate action requires significant public- and private sector investment to achieve meaningful reductions in carbon emissions. This paper documents that large-scale austerity, coupled with barriers to flows of data and a lack of (digital) skills in (local) government, may have been a significant barrier to delivering climate action in the form of retrofitting. Decomposing heterogeneity in estimated treatment effects of a large-scale energy efficiency savings program that was rolled out through a regression discontinuity design in the early 2010s, we find that both the extent of austerity-induced local budget cuts and poor digital connectivity – may be responsible for up to 30% fewer retrofit installations that counterfactually would have taken place had it not been for austerity |
| Keywords: | state capacity ; austerity ; skills ; climate action ; public economics JEL Codes: Q54 ; Q58 ; H76 ; C21 ; O33 ; R11 ; H54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wrk:warwec:1495&r= |
| By: | Jinsong LI; Kenji TAKEUCHI |
| Abstract: | This study investigates whether municipal mergers promote waste recycling and generate lower waste. Using difference-in-differences with matching, we estimate the effect of the large-scale consolidation in Japan on waste management, waste generation, and collection of recyclable plastics. We find merged municipalities are less likely to adopt unit pricing of household waste which might explain higher waste generation in the merged municipalities. Our results also show that the amount of recycled PET bottles is lower in the merged municipalities. These results suggest that municipal mergers indeed have an impact on municipal solid waste management but may not lead to more strict waste management and lower waste generation. |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kue:epaper:e-24-002&r= |
| By: | Fabian Alex |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the determinants of the probability that a cen- tral bank chooses to make its financial sector green. We derive a mixed- strategy Nash equilibrium from a strategic setting of two monetary au- thorities choosing simultaneously between the alternatives of greening and conducting business as usual. Using a very general setup, we obtain a model that nests most of the usual 2×2-situations in game theory. “Green†avoids a country’s contribution to an externality experienced by both, but also encompasses a sacrifice of slowing down economic performance. The prob- ability of greening is found to decrease whenever “greening†means a larger sacrifice for the other country, while it increases with the size of at least one of the two countries, the rate of internalization applied to the externality as well as the severity of this externality. Unlike the typical (pure) free-riding approach to international coordination on environmental issues, we find some willingness of countries to sacrifice wealth for the sake of avoiding a worst case. In a repeated setting, cooperative solutions can be estab- lished. The influence of discounting on the stability of these solutions is ambiguous. Finally, the model allows us to sketch the path along which the structure of our world’s climate game may evolve over time. |
| Keywords: | Environment, Environmental Economics, Green Economics, Game Theoretic, Game Theory, Games, Mixed Strategy, Two Player, Pub- lic Goods Game, Strategic Game |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bav:wpaper:234_fabian_alex&r= |
| By: | Ju, Heng; Tang, Yao; Zhang, Meilan |
| Abstract: | We quantify the economic costs of air pollution associated with drug expenditures. First, following a 1% increase in the annual average of PM2.5, the combined expenditures on respiratory, cardiovascular, and antitumor drugs are predicted to rise by an amount equivalent to 1.81% of the annual per capita drug expenditure. Second, we compare expenditures on Western Medicine (WM) and Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM), noting that research on the latter is significantly limited. After a rise in PM2.5 levels, the responsiveness and increase in expenditures for CHM drugs are similar to those for WM drugs, highlighting CHM's significance in understanding the economic impacts of air pollution. Third, cities with higher socioeconomic status—indicated by greater per capita fiscal revenue, higher disposable income, and a larger proportion of college graduates—exhibit a greater response in drug expenditures to air pollution. |
| Keywords: | outdoor air pollution, drug expenditure, Chinese herbal medicine, disparities in drug expenditure |
| JEL: | I10 I14 O53 |
| Date: | 2024–05–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121154&r= |
| By: | Michele Azzone; Roberto Baviera; Pietro Manzoni |
| Abstract: | A growing number of contributions in the literature have identified a puzzle in the European carbon allowance (EUA) market. Specifically, a persistent cost-of-carry spread (C-spread) over the risk-free rate has been observed. We are the first to explain the anomalous C-spread with the credit spread of the corporates involved in the emission trading scheme. We obtain statistical evidence that the C-spread is cointegrated with both this credit spread and the risk-free interest rate. This finding has a relevant policy implication: the most effective solution to solve the market anomaly is including the EUA in the list of European Central Bank eligible collateral for refinancing operations. This change in the ECB monetary policy operations would greatly benefit the carbon market and the EU green transition. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2405.12982&r= |
| By: | Oscilowicz, Emilia; Solís, Guadalupe A.; Martinez, Laura; Németh, Jeremy; Simon, Gregory L.; Makarewicz, Carrie; Dickinson, Katherine; McKenzie, Lisa M.; Scandlyn, Jean; Erices-Ocampo, Paulina |
| Abstract: | Community air pollution science is widely viewed as a powerful public health and urban planning tool that can empower communities to push for policy change to benefit public health outcomes. A review of 131 studies highlights a bias toward the evaluation of low-cost sensor performance. We draw attention to the 10 studies (10%) that address a research-to-policy gap through distinct theories of change. Recommendations include addressing research gaps such as equitable sensor distribution, expanding focus to the Global South, and establishing engagement with policymakers early on in community science research. |
| Date: | 2024–06–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:mxv5k&r= |
| By: | Ha Trong Nguyen; Mitrou, Francis |
| Abstract: | The catastrophic effects of natural disasters on social and economic systems are well-documented; however, their impacts on individual life satisfaction remain insufficiently understood. This study pioneers a causal analysis of cyclones' impacts on Australians' life satisfaction, using local cyclones as natural experiments. Analysing over two decades of data, individual fixed-effects models reveal that cyclones, particularly category 5 (highest severity) cyclones in close proximity to residences, significantly reduce overall life satisfaction and specific domains like community, personal safety, and health satisfaction. Notably, these cyclones have a lasting impact on community and personal safety satisfaction. Our findings withstand rigorous sensitivity assessments, including a falsification test demonstrating no impact of future cyclones on current life satisfaction. Moreover, extensive heterogeneous analysis uncovers significant variations in cyclone impact based on life satisfaction domains and individual, household, and regional characteristics. Additionally, this study shows that cyclone-induced home damage, especially from the most severe cyclones, significantly diminishes the aforementioned life satisfaction outcomes, but to a much greater magnitude. |
| Keywords: | Natural Disasters, Life Satisfaction, Happiness, Wellbeing, Australia |
| JEL: | I12 I31 R23 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1446&r= |
| By: | Hanol Lee (Research Institute of Economics and Management, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Sichuan, China); Dainn Wie (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan); Eunbi Song (Department of Economics, School of Business, Monash University, Selangor, Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | Bangladesh has long been exposed to climate-induced disasters, and the literature has paid little attention to their impact on child marriage. This study empirically explores the gendered impact of extreme rainfall on child marriage in Bangladesh and provides a comprehensive yet detailed analysis using high-resolution weather data and nationally representative rural household survey. The duration analysis in this paper shows that women exposed to one standard deviation more extreme rainfall are at an increased risk of child marriage by 5.5%. However, we find no evidence that child marriages driven by extreme rainfall lead to early childbirth in women. We also report that extreme rainfall has no statistically significant impact on men’s child marriages. The main finding is consistent across several decades of cohort and robust to migration, which might threaten internal validity. We also highlight that our main findings are driven by households living in non-coastal regions, with significant heterogeneity across divisions. |
| Keywords: | Bangladesh, child marriage, extreme rainfall, survival analysis, weather shock |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ngi:dpaper:22-10&r= |
| By: | Diana Radu |
| Abstract: | As the number and magnitude of climate-related disasters in the EU are increasing, the impact of these disasters on public finances also depends on the extent to which budgets and budget plans reflect fiscal risks from disasters. At the same time, as many of these disasters can no longer be considered exceptional events, dealing with the fiscal cost of disasters calls for an informed national disaster financing strategy, also as a way to enhance a country’s climate fiscal resilience. This discussion paper presents a structured approach to Disaster Risk Financing (DRF) in the EU Member States and describes the key elements needed to better understand, plan for and manage the fiscal cost of disasters. The paper proposes a step-by-step approach to DRF, building on previous analysis on the main concepts and ways to reduce and limit the fiscal cost of disasters. Member States willing to develop a national approach to disaster risk financing can act under four pillars to understand: (1) the fiscal impact of disasters, (2) private sector risk ownership, (3) public sector disaster risk management and (4) institutional arrangements. The Member States would be able to locate themselves in one stage of development of DRF: “essential”, “intermediate” or “advanced”, and then take action to limit the burden that disasters can put on public finances. |
| JEL: | G22 O11 O44 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:euf:dispap:201&r= |
| By: | Barrio Castro, Tomás del; Escribano, Álvaro; Sibbertsen, Philipp |
| Abstract: | This paper identifies and estimates the relevant cycles in paleoclimate data of earth temperature, ice volume and CO2. Cyclical cointegration analysis is used to connect these cycles to the earth eccentricity and obliquity and to see that the earth surface temperature and ice volume are closely connected. These findings are used to build a forecasting model including the cyclical component as well as the relevant earth and climate variables which outperforms models ignoring the cyclical behaviour of the data. Especially the turning points can be predicted accurately using the proposed approach. Out of sample forecasts for the turning points of earth temperature, ice volume and CO2 are derived. |
| Keywords: | Paleoclimate Cycles; Cyclical Fractional Cointegration; Forecasting Climate Data |
| Date: | 2024–06–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:werepe:43987&r= |
| By: | Renato Molina; Ivan Rudik |
| Abstract: | What is the impact and value of hurricane forecasts? We study this question using newly-collected forecast data for major US hurricanes since 2005. We find higher wind speed forecasts increase pre-landfall protective spending, but erroneous under-forecasts increase post-landfall damage and rebuilding expenditures. Our main contribution is a new theoretically-grounded approach for estimating the marginal value of forecast improvements. We find that the average annual improvement reduced total per-hurricane costs, inclusive of unobserved protective spending, by $700, 000 per county. Improvements since 2007 reduced costs by 19%, averaging $5 billion per hurricane. This exceeds the annual budget for all federal weather forecasting. |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32548&r= |
| By: | Minh Ha-Duong (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This article discusses the proposed introduction of a two-part tariff in Vietnam's electricity markets. A two-part tariff in the electricity sector refers to a billing mechanism where consumers are charged based on two distinct components: capacity and consumption. The capacity charge is determined by the maximum power capacity (in kilowatts, kW) that a consumer can draw from the system at any given moment. This is akin to paying a rental fee for accessing power up to a certain limit. The consumption charge, on the other hand, is based on the actual amount of electricity used by the consumer over a period, measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh). It examines how a two-part tariff, including capacity payments, could be applied to Vietnam's wholesale electricity market to support investment in dispatchable generation like gas power plants. These plants are needed to complement the growing share of variable renewable energy sources like wind and solar. The article will draw on international experiences, such as the recent introduction of capacity payments for coal power plants in China, to explore the potential benefits and design considerations for such a mechanism. |
| Keywords: | capacity payments, Vietnam, electricity market |
| Date: | 2024–05–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04607117&r= |
| By: | H. Qi (Audencia Business School); C. K. Woo; K. H. Cao; J. Zarnikau; R. Li |
| Abstract: | Accurate estimates of the price responsiveness of residential, commercial, and industrial electricity demands are essential for energy policy modelling, integrated resource planning, and determining a competitive wholesale electricity market's generation levels, prices, and capacity investments. Hence, we estimate the own-price elasticities of solar and wind capacity demands of a load serving entity (LSE) that provides retail electricity service, thereby answering two interrelated research questions: (1) does solar capacity demand far exceed wind capacity demand? and (2) are solar and wind capacity demands price-elastic? Inspired by the theory of input demand under input price uncertainty, our innovative methodology integrates (a) wholesale spot energy price forecasts by time of day; (b) pseudo data found by minimizing a LSE's annual risk-adjusted budget for procuring solar and wind capacities; and (c) econometric analysis of (b) to estimate the extent of substitutability between solar and wind capacities and the own-price elasticities of solar and wind capacity demands. Using Texas as an illustrative example, we find that when solar and wind power purchase agreements have similar energy prices, solar capacity demand is approximately four times wind capacity demand. Further, the own-price elasticity estimates are -5.34 for solar capacity demand and -5.65 for wind capacity demand. As a result, solar and wind capacity demands tend to substantially grow (shrink) in response to declining (rising) solar and wind energy prices. This lends support to proposals to raise solar and wind energy prices for mitigating the adverse effects of large-scale variable renewable energy development on an electric grid's efficient operation and system reliability. However, adopting such proposals also slows the grid's pace of decarbonization, thus underscoring the policy and regulatory challenges in the quest for a clean and sustainable electricity future. Hence, our policy recommendation of price managing solar and wind capacity demands is a topic of policy debate that deserves the attention of an electric grid's stakeholders. |
| Keywords: | Price responsiveness solar capacity demand wind capacity demand load serving entity optimal capacity procurement Texas, Price responsiveness, solar capacity demand, wind capacity demand, load serving entity, optimal capacity procurement, Texas, Price responsiveness, solar capacity demand, wind capacity demand, load serving entity, optimal capacity procurement, Texas |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04597188&r= |
| By: | Andrew Ireland (Monash University); David Johnston (Monash University); Rachel Knott (Monash University) |
| Abstract: | We use daily longitudinal data and a within-worker identification approach to examine the impacts of heat on labor force dynamics in Australia. High temperatures during 2001–2019 significantly reduced work attendance and hours worked, which were not compensated for in subsequent days and weeks. The largest reductions occurred in cooler regions and recent years, and were not solely concentrated amongst outdoor-based workers. Financial and Insurance Services was the most strongly affected industry, with temperatures above 38°C (100°F) increasing absenteeism by 15 percent. Adverse heat effects during the work commute and during outdoor work hours are shown to be key mechanisms. |
| Keywords: | temperature, adaptation, climate change, labor supply |
| JEL: | C23 J22 J24 Q51 |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mhe:chemon:2024-01&r= |
| By: | Helen Dempster (Center for Global Development); Sam Huckstep (Center for Global Development) |
| Abstract: | The green transition is widely expected to lead to high levels of net job creation, with roles distributed across the pay and skill spectrum. To fill these roles, many countries of destination will need to use migration alongside their domestic labour supply. Yet few countries of origin have enough skilled workers to meet their own green transition targets. As a result, any green-skilled migration facilitated by countries of destination should be linked with investments in the training, recruitment, and retention of workers into ‘green’ jobs within countries of origin. This paper explores three models that link training and migration in a partnership framework—fixed-term migration; Global Skill Partnerships; and migration with parallel investments—to maximise both economic development and carbon reduction benefits. For each model, the paper outlines key considerations that should be taken into account along with a worked example. It also includes a "guide, " walking policymakers through the different models to understand which would best meet the needs of countries of origin, countries of destination, and employers. |
| Date: | 2024–06–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:ppaper:330&r= |
| By: | Serge Garcia; Katrin Erdlenbruch; Boniface Derrick Mbarga |
| Abstract: | This article investigates residential choice in flood-prone areas with attractive natural amenities. In a discrete choice experiment involving 472 French homeowners, we analyse the effects of flood risk information disclosure. Respondents make trade-offs between house characteristics, amenities and location in flood-prone areas, with two information treatments about the consequences of flooding and protection measures. We also examine the influence of existing information tools. The econometric models reveal a general aversion to flood-prone areas and a negative effect of information about the consequences of flooding. Buyer-tenant information influences the decision to leave flood-prone areas, while zoning influences the decision to stay. |
| Keywords: | choice experiment; flood risk-amenity trade-off; information treatment; mixed logit; attribute willingness to pay; residential choice. |
| JEL: | Q54 Q51 C25 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2024-22&r= |
| By: | Lu, Yue; Ma, Minghui; Gao, Longfei; Tang, Yao |
| Abstract: | In a trade model incorporating within-firm productivity differences in intermediate products, we show that specialization in the production of intermediate products enabled by decreased trade costs can reduce firm-level emissions. Using firm-level data from China (1998-2012), we provide supporting evidence in the context of domestic trade. Increased domestic trade integration, associated with the expansion of China's railway network, reduces emissions of sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and other pollutants. Counterfactual analysis indicates that without the 1.88% (1, 203-kilometer) railway expansion in 2005—--the year in the middle of our sample period, as an example---national SO2 emissions would have been 0.43% higher. |
| Keywords: | emissions, market access, railway network, Chinese manufacturing firms |
| JEL: | F18 Q56 R40 |
| Date: | 2024–06–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121156&r= |
| By: | del Barrio Castro, Tomas; Escribano, Alvaro; Sibbertsen, Philipp |
| Abstract: | This paper identifies and estimates the relevant cycles in paleoclimate data of earth temperature, ice volume and CO2. Cyclical cointegration analysis is used to connect these cycles to the earth eccentricity and obliquity and to see that the earth surface temperature and ice volume are closely connected. These findings are used to build a forecasting model including the cyclical component as well as the relevant earth and climate variables which outperforms models ignoring the cyclical behaviour of the data. Especially the turning points can be predicted accurately using the proposed approach. Out of sample forecasts for the turning points of earth temperature, ice volume and CO2 are derived. |
| Keywords: | Paleoclimate Cycles, Cyclical Fractional Cointegration, Forecasting Climate Data |
| JEL: | C22 C51 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:han:dpaper:dp-722&r= |
| By: | Anne-Claire Savy (MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UM1 - Université Montpellier 1 - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UM2 - Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School, UM - Université de Montpellier); Atanu Sarkar (MUN - Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada]) |
| Keywords: | Boulding, circular economy, systemic thinking, ecological economics, no-growth, interdisciplinarity, biodiversity, Minimalonomics, Circles of social life |
| Date: | 2024–06–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04530554&r= |
| By: | Mateo Cordier (CEARC - Cultures, Environnements, Arctique, Représentations, Climat - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Pour parvenir à zéro polluants plastiques dans l'écosystème mondial d'ici 2040, cela nécessiterait un investissement mondial estimé entre 12 000 et 18 000 milliards de dollars pour des mesures mises en œuvre entre 2020 et 2040. Les dommages causés par l'inaction pourraient coûter jusqu'à 13 fois plus cher que l'action. En outre, le traité sur le plastique doit fixer des objectifs absolus de réduction plutôt que relatifs, comme le démontre l'étude de Winterstetter et al. (2023) sur les déchets d'emballages plastiques en Europe. Bien que le pourcentage de ces déchets mal gérés ait diminué entre 2012 et 2018, leur quantité absolue a augmenté en raison de la croissance globale de la production de déchets. Enfin, l'économie circulaire, basée sur les 4Rs (Réduire, Réutiliser, Réparer, Recycler), doit être repensée car elle se concentre principalement sur le recyclage. Cela ne suffira pas à résoudre le problème étant donné la croissance continue de l'économie depuis 1750, ce qui entraîne une augmentation des déchets plastiques mal gérés en raison de la croissance du PIB ainsi que de la consommation de ressources et de l'effet rebond. Pour être efficace sur le plan écologique, le traité sur le plastique doit donner la priorité aux trois premiers R dans l'ordre susmentionné, afin d'éviter une dégradation supplémentaire des écosystèmes. |
| Keywords: | Plastiques, Economie, Effet rebond, Economie circulaire, Coût |
| Date: | 2023–05–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04567085&r= |
| By: | Benoit Jamet (IRGO - Institut de Recherche en Gestion des Organisations - UB - Université de Bordeaux - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Bordeaux); Julien Bousquet; Antoine Masse |
| Abstract: | In recent years, an increasing number of major international banks have begun to announce their exit from the coal sector, in response to the trend initiated by public actors such as governments and related public sector financial institutions. This article examines the determinants of coal exit strategies of international banks. Using a sample of 111 banks from 31 countries and a PLS-PM methodology, the results show that: 1) the announced strategies are particularly partial in nature and the financing allocated to coal firms is still high, 2) external variables (i.e., national and institutional contexts) significantly influence exit scores, notably coal dependence, progress in the energy transition and the environmental performance of the home countries, 3) with the exception of size, internal variables (e.g., exposure to the sector, risk and profitability) have no impact on coal exit scores. Banks therefore adopt a defensive strategy: the managerial decision echoes national energy and environmental policies, which underlines the crucial political and regulatory role of governments in influencing bank strategies. |
| Keywords: | Banking industry, Coal financing, Coal exit strategy, Institutional and national contexts, Energy policy |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04593185&r= |
| By: | Avila-Uribe, Antonio (London School of Economics); Roth, Sefi (London School of Economics); Shields, Brian (London School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the impact of London's Low-Emission Zone (LEZ) on test scores among elementary school students in England. Utilising administrative data for the years 2005-2015, we employ a difference-in-differences approach to assess the LEZ's effect on standardised Key Stage 2 results (age 11). Our analysis reveals a statistically and economically significant improvement of 0.09 standard deviations in test scores for students within the LEZ compared to those in other urban control areas. Importantly, we also find that the LEZ policy has larger positive effects in low-performing schools, demonstrating its potential to significantly reduce educational disparities. |
| Keywords: | air pollution, education, low emission zone |
| JEL: | Q53 I20 I24 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17020&r= |
| By: | Rampazzo, Pietro |
| Abstract: | There is a gap in the study of mobility. The work done so far is not taking into account the changes the shared-mobility is bringing into our society. This research project aims to leverage shared-mobility data for a better understanding of new patterns in the human-mobility. These new services allow people to use a shared vehicle based on their needs, without the necessity to own one. Shared mobility is going towards users' needs and letting them reach their destination as close as possible. Sharing mobility is improving the data collected and at the same time reshaping the commuting patterns. Understanding travel behaviour is key to creating more resilient, sustainable urban transport networks and reducing carbon emissions. In this research, I start analysing data from Movi which focus on Padova. Movi (ex Mobike) is a free-floating bike sharing system active in Italy and Spain. The data collected by the this service is very detailed and rich. The data sets contain high-level detailed information that is related to service usage. For every trip made it is known: (1) anonymized user id and rental plan, (2) vehicle id, (3) origin (latitude, longitude), (4) destination (latitude, longitude), (5) start date and time (timestamp), (6) end date and time (timestamp), and (7) rounded meters/kilometres travelled. All the information is anonymized. The two research questions this paper is going to address are: (a) What is the profile of the active users? This information can be studied based on the usage data and socio-demographic information the service is collecting. (b) What are the effects of the weather and temperature on the usage of this service? Weather data were retrieved from the local authorities regarding temperature and precipitations. |
| Date: | 2024–06–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:bd8p4&r= |
| By: | Resta, Emanuela; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Tafuri, Silvio; Peter, Preethymol; Noviello, Chiara; Costantiello, Alberto; Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | The following article analyses the relationship between the mental health index and the variables of the Environment, Social and Governance-ESG model in the Italian regions between 2004 and 2023. The econometric analysis is aimed at investigating in detail the relationships between the mental health index and the individual components of the ESG model. The results are critically discussed |
| Date: | 2024–06–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:3cztm&r= |
| By: | Shufan Zhang; Minda Ma; Nan Zhou; Jinyue Yan; Wei Feng; Ran Yan; Kairui You; Jingjing Zhang; Jing Ke |
| Abstract: | Buildings produce one-third of carbon emissions globally, however, data absence regarding global floorspace poses challenges in advancing building carbon neutrality. We compile the measured building stocks for 14 major economies and apply our global building stock model, GLOBUS, to evaluate future trends in stock turnover. Based on a scenario not considering renovation, by 2070 the building stock in developed economies will be ~1.4 times that of 2020 (100 billion m2); in developing economies it is expected to be 2.2 times that of 2020 (313 billion m2). Based on a techno-economic potential scenario, however, stocks in developed economies will decline to approximately 0.8 times the 2020 level, while stocks in developing economies will increase to nearly twice the 2020 level due to their fewer buildings currently. Overall, GLOBUS provides a way of calculating the global building stock, helping scientists, engineers, and policymakers conduct a range of investigation across various future scenarios. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2406.04074&r= |
| By: | Maguire, Karen; Tanner, Sophia J.; Winikoff, Justin B.; Williams, Ryan |
| Abstract: | This report examines land cover and land cover change associated with utility-scale solar and wind development in rural areas from 2009–20. Wind development has been expanding since the late 1990s and comprises a larger share of renewable capacity than solar as most utility-scale solar projects were installed after 2016. Due to decreasing costs and new or existing policies promoting renewable development, the pace of development is expected to increase. The amount of land cover directly affected by solar and wind is estimated to be small relative to the amount of farmland. Still, more than 90 percent of wind turbines and 70 percent of solar farms in rural areas were sited on agricultural land. There are large regional differences in the distribution of solar and wind development. Even in years when no development occurred, land cover changed more frequently on land used for solar than wind, suggesting that solar and wind were sited on different types of land. After installation, solar sites more commonly changed land cover than wind, including shifts away from agriculture. Wind sites maintained agricultural land cover. This suggests that wind is compatible with agriculture and that land-use competition exists between farmland and solar farms. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Land Economics/Use, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersrr:343476&r= |
| By: | Lee, Sangwon (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | Annual global production of end-of-life tires (ELTs) is estimated to be approximately one billion units, or 17 million tons, and production is on an upward trajectory. This trend is driven by population growth, economic expansion, and advancement in the transportation industry, all of which have led to an increasing number of vehicles on the roads, especially in developing regions. South Korea alone generates an average of 389, 000 tons of ELTs are generated each year (as of 2023). Of this figure, 307, 000 tons of ELTs are produced when individuals and businesses replace their tires; the rest (82, 000 tons) comes from scrapped vehicles. This makes the effective management of this waste resource is a public concern and major policy imperative. As ELT volumes continue to rise, collection and recycling management have become increasingly important. In Korea, the Korea Tire Manufacturers Association (KOTMA) collaborates closely with tire manufacturers and importers to help meet recycling obligations and establish agreements with ELT collection and transportation companies. ELTs collected from tire shops, service centers, and scrapyards are typically directed to cement production facilities and power plants, as well as to materials recycling firms specializing in rubber powder and rope production, where they are repurposed. In this paper, I evaluate the current state of ELT recycling in Korea and abroad, and identify a handful of important policy implications carried by the results of the analysis. |
| Keywords: | tires; rubber; recycling; recycling industry; tire recycling; rubber recycling; end-of-life tires; ELTs; chemical recycling; pyrolysis; Nexen; Kumho; Hankook; tire industry; Korea; KIET |
| JEL: | Q50 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–04–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieter:2024_007&r= |
| By: | Serge Darolles (DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Yuyi He; Gaëlle Le Fol (DRM - Dauphine Recherches en Management - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we investigate the impact of ESG scores on stock returns and examinethe channels, if any, through which ESG information is transmitted. The literature onthe ESG transmission mechanism has essentially identified two channels (the "investordemand channel" and the "fundamentals or profitability channel"), but these channelsare empirically difficult to identify and quantify. We then use a causal mediationmodel to address this issue, analysing whether ESG scores can predict future returnsand identifying which channels are at play. Our results show that current ESG scoreshave a negative real effect on future stock returns and that the transmission channelsare not the same depending on the pillar - either E, S, G, we focus on. The "investordemand channel" explains a significant part of the effect we observe empirically. Thedirect -or fundamental- channel, which we would expect to be positive, is negative, except for G, leading in general to a negative impact of ESG scores on future stockreturns. Such results prove that ESG scores do indeed contain information that canbe exploited by asset managers in their portfolio choices. |
| Keywords: | ESG performance, Investment decisions, Sustainable investing, Mediationanalysis, Transmission channels, Institutional investors |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04594004&r= |
| By: | Giorgio Fabbri; Silvia Faggian; Giuseppe Freni |
| Abstract: | This study examines the dynamics of the exploitation of a natural resource distributed among and flowing between several nodes connected via a weighted, directed network. The network represents the locations and interactions of the resource nodes. A regulator decides to designate some of the nodes as natural reserves where no exploitation is allowed. The remaining nodes are assigned (one-to-one) to players, who exploit the resource at the node. It is demonstrated how the equilibrium exploitation and resource stocks depend on the productivity of the resource sites, the structure of the connections between the sites, and the number and preferences of the agents. The best locations to host nature reserves are identified per the model’s parameters and correspond to the most central (in the sense of eigenvector centrality) nodes of a suitably redefined network that considers the nodes’ productivity. |
| Keywords: | Harvesting, Spatial Models, Differential Games, Nature Reserves |
| JEL: | Q20 Q28 R11 C73 |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gbl:wpaper:2024-03&r= |
| By: | Sebastian Contin Trillo-Figueroa (HKU - The University of Hong Kong); Alicia Garcia-Herrero (Bruegel - affiliation inconnue, HKUST - Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) |
| Abstract: | Die jüngsten Politiken der EU, die auf Chinas Subventionen und industrielle Überkapazitäten abzielen, sollen fairen Wettbewerb sicherstellen, riskieren jedoch, die Beziehungen zwischen der EU und China an die konfrontative Haltung der USA anzupassen. Die US-Zölle auf chinesische grüne Technologien könnten die Preise in die Höhe treiben und die globale Dekarbonisierung behindern. Die Gegenmaßnahmen der EU stehen vor Herausforderungen aufgrund des komplexen Subventionsumfelds in China und möglicher Vergeltungsmaßnahmen. Diese sich entwickelnde Dynamik könnte zu verschärften Handelskonflikten führen, was die Bemühungen der EU, wirtschaftliche, umweltpolitische und geopolitische Ziele in Einklang zu bringen, erschwert. |
| Abstract: | The EU's recent policies addressing China's subsidies and industrial overcapacity aim to ensure fair competition yet risk aligning EU-China relations with the confrontational U.S. stance. US tariffs on Chinese green tech could drive up prices and hinder global decarbonization. The EU's countermeasures face challenges from China's complex subsidy landscape and potential retaliation. This evolving dynamic may lead to intensified trade tensions, complicating EU's efforts to balance economic, environmental, and geopolitical goals. |
| Abstract: | Las recientes políticas de la UE dirigidas a las subvenciones y la sobrecapacidad industrial de China buscan asegurar una competencia justa, pero corren el riesgo de alinear las relaciones UE-China con la postura confrontacional de los EE. UU. Los aranceles estadounidenses sobre la tecnología verde china podrían aumentar los precios y obstaculizar la descarbonización global. Las contramedidas de la UE enfrentan desafíos debido al complejo panorama de subvenciones en China y a las posibles represalias. Esta dinámica en evolución podría llevar a una intensificación de las tensiones comerciales, complicando los esfuerzos de la UE por equilibrar objetivos económicos, ambientales y geopolíticos. |
| Abstract: | Les récentes politiques de l'UE visant les subventions et la surcapacité industrielle de la Chine visent à assurer une concurrence équitable, mais risquent d'aligner les relations UE-Chine sur la position conflictuelle des États-Unis. Les tarifs américains sur les technologies vertes chinoises pourraient augmenter les prix et entraver la décarbonisation mondiale. Les contre-mesures de l'UE font face à des défis en raison du paysage complexe des subventions en Chine et de potentielles représailles. Cette dynamique évolutive pourrait mener à une intensification des tensions commerciales, compliquant les efforts de l'UE pour équilibrer les objectifs économiques, environnementaux et géopolitiques. |
| Abstract: | Le recenti politiche dell'UE che affrontano le sovvenzioni e la sovraccapacità industriale della Cina mirano a garantire una concorrenza leale, ma rischiano di allineare le relazioni UE-Cina con l'atteggiamento conflittuale degli Stati Uniti. I dazi statunitensi sulle tecnologie verdi cinesi potrebbero far aumentare i prezzi e ostacolare la decarbonizzazione globale. Le contromisure dell'UE affrontano sfide a causa del complesso panorama delle sovvenzioni in Cina e delle potenziali ritorsioni. Questa dinamica in evoluzione potrebbe portare a tensioni commerciali intensificate, complicando gli sforzi dell'UE per bilanciare obiettivi economici, ambientali e geopolitici. |
| Keywords: | Geopolitics, Sino-European relations, European Union, EU, China, China-EU, overcapacity, subsidies, competition, decarbonization, U.S., United States, economic security |
| Date: | 2024–05–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04601443&r= |
| By: | Moisés Siúta; Felix Mambo; Ivan Manhique; Muna Shifa; Bento Munkuka |
| Abstract: | This study presents the profile of social inequality in Mozambique from 1997 to 2017. Despite progress in reducing poverty within the government's efforts to achieve Sustainable Development Goals, the country still faces persistent challenges in reducing inequality and policy effectiveness, particularly in employment and access to basic services such as education, electricity, water, and sanitation. The study indicates that inequality in access to basic services tended to decrease until 2017. Gender inequality shows a trend of reduction, but households headed by women represent the most dis-advantaged group with lower access to basic services. At the spatial level, rural areas, especially districts located far from the provincial capital cities, exhibit lower access to basic services. |
| Keywords: | Mozambique |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2024–05–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en16794&r= |
| By: | Ramiro de Ávila Peres |
| Abstract: | The "social cost of carbon" (SCC) is a value used to price or tax emissions, so internalizing their externalities; economists disagree about it, and one of the sources of dispute is the "pure time preference rate" – which reflects how much one favors present over future well-being. Those advocating a descriptive approach, associated with William Nordhaus, propose to aggregate the time preferences empirically observed, often resulting in a low SCC. On the other hand, the normative approach, associated with Nicholas Stern, advocates temporal impartiality; but it implies transferring more resources to the next generations – at the limit, assuming exponential population growth, it can be associated with a "longtermist" stance. We discuss how a different approach could help leaving this dispute behind – by estimating carbon prices that are consistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement – thus emphasizing the role of political and international agreements. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bcb:wpaper:593&r= |
| By: | Moura, Francisco Tigre; Hattula, Cansu |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a novel conceptual framework to address the lack of sustainable consumption behaviors during live hedonic event experiences, such as music concerts or football games. The framework's rationale is founded on principles from the theory of planned behavior, theory of cognitive dissonance, affect heuristic theory and dual process model. It suggests an inversely directional flow of affective and cognitive responses throughout the stages of an event experience (experience anticipation, experience consumption and co-creation, and post-consumption). Further, it posits that the higher the consumers' affective response during a hedonic event experience (and consequent decline of cognitive evaluations), the lower is the likelihood to engage in sustainable consumption behaviors. Also, it includes multiple intrinsic, extrinsic, and situational factors that moderates the framework's rationale. Finally, the paper presents an agenda for future research to test and validate the theoretical rationale proposed in the framework. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable consumption, hedonic experiences, leisure, live events, theory of planned behavior, theory of cognitive dissonance, affect heuristic theory |
| JEL: | M31 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iubhma:297982&r= |
| By: | Jacky Mathonnat (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International) |
| Abstract: | Most low-and middle-income countries are lagging behind in achieving the 2030 Health Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including the one that specifically concerns universal health coverage (UHC; SDG indicator 3.8.1). The universal health coverage index, which rose sharply between 2000 and 2021, from 45 to 68, is now in a plateau or very low-growth phase in many countries, while some 4.5 billion people are not adequately covered by essential health services. |
| Keywords: | Health, Health economy, Spring Meetings 2024 |
| Date: | 2024–06–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04603235&r= |
| By: | Laurent Clerc; Elisabeth Fonteny; Delphine Irac; Aliette Dequet; Laudine Goumet |
| Abstract: | Cet article a pour objet de présenter les principaux enjeux et canaux de transmissions du risque de perte de biodiversité pour le secteur de l’assurance. Si l’activité d’assurance, en tant que telle, dépend directement peu des services écosystémiques et a un impact très limité sur la perte de biodiversité, les assureurs y sont néanmoins potentiellement significativement exposés de façon indirecte : d’une part, du fait de leurs placements ou investissements dans des entreprises fortement dépendantes des services écosystémiques, ce qui les expose à des risques sur le rendement de leurs actifs ainsi qu’à des risques de crédit ou de contrepartie ; d’autre part, du fait de la fourniture de services d’assurance ou de réassurance à ces entreprises fortement dépendantes des services écosystémiques ou ayant un impact néfaste sur la biodiversité et donc exposées à des risques de pertes financières. Cet article dresse également un premier bilan des remises des assureurs soumis à des exigences de publication en matière de risque de perte de biodiversité dans le contexte de la mise en œuvre du règlement européen SFDR (Sustainable finance disclosure regulation) et de l’article 29 de la Loi énergie climat, qui reste en avance de phase par rapport au marché. Il en ressort que le secteur de l’assurance en France a progressé dans sa prise en compte du risque de biodiversité mais reste confronté à des difficultés majeures, liées notamment à : la compréhension de la notion de « dépendance à des services écosystémiques », qui s’applique effectivement mal aux intermédiaires financiers ; la complexité à évaluer les impacts financiers et non financiers d’une notion difficile à mesurer, en l’absence de méthodologie ou d’indicateurs consensuels et du fait de ses caractéristiques propres (présence de non-linéarité et d’irréversibilité, non-substituabilité, dynamiques à la fois mondiales et très localisées…). L’article conclut par quelques recommandations visant à améliorer la prise en compte, la transparence et la qualité des publications des assureurs en matière de risque de biodiversité. |
| Keywords: | biodiversité ; services écosystémiques ; assurance ; reporting extra-financier ; réglementation financière. |
| JEL: | G11 G14 G22 Q20 Q30 Q57 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bfr:analys:159&r= |
| By: | Oliver Torres-Reynoso; Jesús García-Madariaga; María Carmen Rodríguez-Santos |
| Abstract: | Este estudio sobre alimentación ecológica examina con el modelo Estímulo-Organismo-Respuesta la búsqueda de opinión de conocidos y expertos y la congruencia informacional con el valor medioambiental percibido (GPV = Green Perceived Value). Se analizaron 408 respuestas de una encuesta en España mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales con mínimos cuadrados parciales. Los hallazgos indican que el GPV es un constructo multidimensional compuesto, por orden de importancia, por los valores funcionales, epistémicos, emocionales y condicionales. El valor social no es significativo. La búsqueda de opinión de conocidos impacta directamente más que los expertos sobre el GPV. En menor medida, la congruencia informacional media entre la búsqueda de opinión de expertos y el GPV más que los conocidos. |
| Keywords: | Valor medioambiental percibido, búsqueda de información, alimentación ecológica, congruencia, modelo Estímulo-Organismo-Respuesta |
| JEL: | M31 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ovr:docfra:2406&r= |
| By: | Horn, Julian |
| Abstract: | The worsening climate crisis calls for restructuring mobility systems and urban infrastructure. One goal of the socio-ecological transformation in the mobility sector is to promote walking. Measurements of pedestrian friendliness are summarised under the term walkability or walkability index, but they mostly lack the perspectives of people with disabilities. To address this gap, five mobile interviews with disabled people in Berlin were conducted to identify specific barriers, perceived safety risks, and well-being, which have remained unconsidered in recent measurements. Curb ramps, ground conditions, tacticle walking surface indicators, parking cars, other road users, and noise were the most important factors that should be integrated into further concepts of walkability indices. The study also shows how disabled people are discriminated against by urban infrastructure and how this affects their mobility and well-being. |
| Keywords: | Walkability, Walkability Indices, Inclusion, Mobility of disabled people, Barriers, Urban Infrastructure |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wzbdms:299230&r= |
| By: | Cristiano Salvagnin; Aldo Glielmo; Maria Elena De Giuli; Antonietta Mira |
| Abstract: | The European carbon market plays a pivotal role in the European Union's ambitious target of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. Understanding the intricacies of factors influencing European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) market prices is paramount for effective policy making and strategy implementation. We propose the use of the Information Imbalance, a recently introduced non-parametric measure quantifying the degree to which a set of variables is informative with respect to another one, to study the relationships among macroeconomic, economic, uncertainty, and energy variables concerning EU ETS prices. Our analysis shows that in Phase 3 commodity related variables such as the ERIX index are the most informative to explain the behaviour of the EU ETS market price. Transitioning to Phase 4, financial fluctuations take centre stage, with the uncertainty in the EUR/CHF exchange rate emerging as a crucial determinant. These results reflect the disruptive impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the energy crisis in reshaping the importance of the different variables. Beyond variable analysis, we also propose to leverage the Information Imbalance to address the problem of mixed-frequency forecasting, and we identify the weekly time scale as the most informative for predicting the EU ETS price. Finally, we show how the Information Imbalance can be effectively combined with Gaussian Process regression for efficient nowcasting and forecasting using very small sets of highly informative predictors. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2406.05094&r= |
| By: | Bauer, Rob (Maastricht University); Gödker, Katrin (Bocconi University); Smeets, Paul (University of Amsterdam); Zimmermann, Florian (IZA and University of Bonn) |
| Abstract: | We investigate financial experts' beliefs about climate risk pricing and analyze how those beliefs influence stock return expectations. In a comprehensive survey, we elicit experts' beliefs using both structured and open-ended questions. We establish that most experts share the view that climate risks are insufficiently reflected in stock prices, yet they hold heterogeneous beliefs about the source and persistence of the mispricing. Through the analysis of open text responses, we delineate distinct mental models used by financial professionals to interpret and predict the asset pricing implications of climate risks. Differences in experts' mental models explain variation in return expectations in the short-term (1-year) and long-term (10-year). Furthermore, we document that experts' political leanings and geography determine the type of mental model they hold. In a last step, we show that one widely held mental model, which is based on second-order beliefs, causally affects experts' return expectations using an information provision experiment. |
| Keywords: | climate finance, climate risk, mental models, 2nd order beliefs |
| JEL: | D01 G10 G40 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17030&r= |
| By: | David Ortiz Haro (InSyTE - Interdisciplinary research on Society-Technology-Environment - UTT - Université de Technologie de Troyes, UTT - Université de Technologie de Troyes); Patrick Laclemence (UTT - Université de Technologie de Troyes, InSyTE - Interdisciplinary research on Society-Technology-Environment - UTT - Université de Technologie de Troyes); Audrey Morel Senatore (CERISC - Centre d'études et de recherche interdisciplinaires sur la Sécurité civile - Ensosp - École Nationale Supérieure des Officiers de Sapeurs Pompiers, AMU - Aix Marseille Université) |
| Abstract: | This work was presented at the 2024 ESSLab+ Seminar at Hochschule Darmstadt (May 21-23). It discusses David Ortiz Haro's doctoral thesis on adaptive prosocial collective behaviors in disaster situations. Background: The thesis is part of the ANR-INPLIC project Analysis of behaviors during crisis situations. Methods: We mobilized four methodological approaches: case study, grounded theory, ethnography, and narrative research. Ninety-eight interviews were conducted with residents, affected populations, rescuers, first responders, and authorities. The findings were triangulated with local and national press and social media videos. Behaviors were coded, highlighting solidarity and mutual aid. Results: The analysis of fifty-five interviews indicated that solidarity and mutual aid are normative behaviors during the Maritime Alps catastrophe and perceived as extraordinary by populations. These behaviors are processual and progressive, manifesting on micro (individual), meso (social), and macro (collective) levels. Their activation depends on local convergence, damage assessment, and commitment to action. This framework identified the phases of the solidarity chain (Emergency, Adaptation, Community Building, Organization & Institutionalization, Renormalization & Reconstruction, Total Synergy, and Collective Resilience) and key indicators of each phase (Preparation and Foresight, Local Knowledge & Improvisation, Strong Community Sense or Feeling, Recognition & Validation, Collaboration & Planning, Coordination & Interoperability, Integrative Worldview or Cosmovision). These phases and indicators are linked to specific collective behaviors. We also identified twelve antitheses of solidarity (Selfishness, Abuse of Solidarity, Refusal of Help, Shame, Indifference, Misinformation, Doubt about taking responsibility, Waiting for Authorization, Figureti & Competition, Evil, Threat or Menace and Conflict), which can hinder solidarity. Conclusions: The response to Storm Alex in the Maritime Alps is largely characterized by solidarity and mutual aid, revealing an operationalizable survival ancestral social unit present globally. We termed this unit MINGA (Movement of Immediate Intervention of Generosity and Solidarity Actions) requiring training and legitimization and complementing official response actions. The adaptive collective behavior of populations fosters total synergy among all actors involved in disaster response. In this sense, we establish the roots for a Total Synergy theory in the area of disaster risk management which integrates populations as the central actors of the disasters response. |
| Abstract: | Ce travail a été présenté lors du séminaire ESSLab+ 2024 à Hochschule Darmstadt (21-23 mai), discute de la thèse de doctorat de David Ortiz Haro sur les comportements collectifs prosociaux adaptatifs en situations de catastrophe. Contexte : La thèse fait partie du projet ANR-INPLIC "Analyse des comportements en situations de crise". Méthodes : Nous avons mobilisé quatre approches méthodologiques : étude de cas, théorie ancrée, ethnographie et recherche narrative. Quatre-vingt-dix-huit entretiens ont été menés avec des résidents, des populations affectées, des sauveteurs, des premiers intervenants et des autorités. Les résultats ont été triangulés avec la presse locale et nationale ainsi que les vidéos des réseaux sociaux. Les comportements ont été codés, mettant en évidence la solidarité et l'entraide. Résultats : L'analyse de cinquante-cinq entretiens a indiqué que la solidarité et l'entraide sont des comportements normatifs pendant la catastrophe des Alpes-Maritimes, perçus comme extraordinaires par les populations. Ces comportements sont processuels et progressifs, se manifestant aux niveaux micro (individuel), méso (social) et macro (collectif). Leur activation dépend de la convergence locale, de l'évaluation des dommages et de l'engagement à agir. Ce cadre a permis d'identifier les phases de la chaîne de solidarité (Urgence, Adaptation, Construction de la communauté, Organisation et institutionnalisation, Renormalisation et reconstruction, Synergie totale et Résilience collective) et les indicateurs clés de chaque phase (Préparation et prévoyance, Connaissance locale et improvisation, Fort sentiment de communauté, Reconnaissance et validation, Collaboration et planification, Coordination et interopérabilité, Vision du monde intégrative). Ces phases et indicateurs sont liés à des comportements collectifs spécifiques. Nous avons également identifié douze antithèses de la solidarité (Égoïsme, Abus de solidarité, Refus d'aide, Honte, Indifférence, Désinformation, Doute sur la prise de responsabilité, Attente d'autorisation, Figuretisme et compétition, Malveillance, Menace et Conflit), qui peuvent entraver les actes de solidarité. Conclusions : La réponse à la tempête Alex dans les Alpes-Maritimes est largement caractérisée par la solidarité et l'entraide, révélant une unité sociale ancestrale de survie opérationnalisable présente à l'échelle mondiale. Nous avons nommé cette unité MINGAS (Mouvement d'Intervention Immédiate de Générosité et d'Actions Solidaires), nécessitant une formation et une légitimation et complétant les actions de réponse des acterus officiels. Le comportement collectif adaptatif des populations favorise une synergie totale entre tous les acteurs impliqués dans la réponse aux catastrophes. En ce sens, nous établissons les bases d'une théorie de la Synergie Totale dans le domaine de la gestion des risques de catastrophes qui intégre les populations comme des acteurs centraux de la réponse aux catastrophes. |
| Keywords: | Solidarity, Mutual aid, Storm Alex, Minga, Total Synergy theory, Solidarité, Entraide, Tempête Alex, Théorie de la synergie totale |
| Date: | 2024–05–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04589478&r= |
| By: | Khanh Ngoc, Quach Thi (Faculty of Economics, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Vietnam); Xuan, Bui Bich (Faculty of Economics, Nha Trang University, Nha Trang, Vietnam); Nam, Pham Khanh (School of Economics, Law and Government Management, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) |
| Abstract: | Small-scale fisheries, are crucial to support the welfare of coastal communities. Nonetheless, in Vietnam prolonged overexploitation and inadequate management have led small-scale fisheries into an uncertain future, leaving fishing households vulnerable to poverty and food insecurity. This study examines the role of small-scale fisheries in Vietnam in promoting food security and alleviating poverty within fishing households. Utilizing latent profile analysis, we categorize fishing households based on dimensions of poverty and food insecurity as well as explore the potential of fisheries management measures in eradicating poverty and improving food security. Our findings reveal that, overall, small-scale fisheries in Vietnam have significantly contributed to the well-being of fishing households, enhancing both income and food security. However, we found two distinct groups of fishers. One group, representing 65 percent of households in our sample, is characterized by higher incomes and greater food security, is denoted in the study as “protected households”. The second group, comprising 35 percent of our sample, is challenged in both dimensions, and is denoted as “vulnerable households”. Protected households are more likely to be located in areas where access limitations are enforced, often accompanied by livelihood enhancement opportunities. These results imply that future policies for small-scale fisheries should foster synergies among various interventions aimed at conserving fisheries resources, alleviating poverty, and ensuring food security. |
| Keywords: | Poverty; food security; small-scale fisheries; Vietnam fisheries |
| JEL: | Q22 |
| Date: | 2024–06–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:gunefd:2024_007&r= |
| By: | Stefano BOSI; David DESMARCHELIER; Thai HA-HUY |
| Abstract: | From a dynamic perspective, the existing literature on renewable resources in a Ramsey economy is puzzling. On the one hand, the central plannerís solution leads to the occurrence of limit cycles around the lower steady state (Wirl, 2004); on the other hand, limit cycles arise in a market economy around the higher steady state (Bosi and Desmarchelier, 2018). To reconcile these Öndings, we study the competitive equilibrium of a discrete-time Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans model with a renewable resource, where preferences are represented by two di§erent utility functions with Constant Static Elasticity of Substitution (CSES) and Constant Intertemporal Elasticity of Substitution (CIES). In the CSES case, we recover the dynamics highlighted by Wirl (2004), while, in the CIES case, the ones obtained by Bosi and Desmarchelier (2018). Moreover, this conclusion is robust under two alternative regeneration processes for the resource (power and logistic laws). In other words, the dynamics seems to depend more on the preference structure than on the market structure (central planner versus market economy). |
| Keywords: | Ramsey model, reproduction law, pollution, two-period and limit cycles. |
| JEL: | C61 E32 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2024-23&r= |
| By: | Ortega, Francesc (Queens College, CUNY); Petkov, Ivan (Northeastern University) |
| Abstract: | We present a theory of the demand for flood insurance and empirically analyze the effects of the adoption of Risk Rating 2.0, using individual insurance histories for all NFIP policies. The reform increased exit and reduced entry, both in the flood zone and its periphery. The reform had highly heterogeneous effects on insurance costs and triggered adjustments in coverage and deductibles. On average, RR2 increased costs for renewers outside of the flood zone but lowered them for renewers in the flood zone, resulting in an overall average increase. However, the reform reduced revenue and increased financial exposure to flood risk. |
| Keywords: | flood risk, insurance, Risk Rating 2.0, FEMA, NFIP |
| JEL: | R11 R30 Q54 G22 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17021&r= |
| By: | Schulze, Meike |
| Abstract: | The recent political consensus on the European Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA) marks a significant step towards a common raw materials policy within the European Union (EU). Against the backdrop of increasing geopolitical tensions, the EU aims to bolster its "strategic autonomy" within its raw material supply chains. To achieve this goal, it is essential for the EU and its member states to enhance collaboration with mineralrich third countries. The current geopolitical environment will require a concerted effort on the part of the EU with respect to its raw material diplomacy, as only through such effective engagement will the EU be able to diplomatically and programmatically implement raw material partnerships that appeal to third countries. |
| Keywords: | geo-economic fragmentation, EU's raw materials policy, Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA), Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), supply chains |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:297220&r= |
| By: | Chan, Kenddrick; West, Devorah; Teo, Marie; Brown, Harriet; Westgarth, Tom; Smith, Thomas |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2024–05–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:123705&r= |
| By: | Théo Aphecetche; Maria Bianchi; Guergana Stanoeva |
| Abstract: | Global imbalances, as measured by current account surpluses and deficits, had been on a narrowing path for several years, before widening in 2020 and 2021. While there is nothing wrong per se, excessive current account imbalances, if unaddressed, might pose serious risks to the global economy. These Brief analyses the recent dynamics in global imbalances in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and discusses the possible effects of the ongoing Russia’ war in Ukraine. It notes that while the recent global imbalances widening appears to reflect mostly transitory shocks, uncertainty and downside risks to the global outlook remain exceptionally high. It also underlines that while Emerging Markets Economies’ macroeconomic fundamentals appear more resilient to the current monetary tightening, weaknesses remain. The Brief also considers how climate change as a systemic risk could jeopardise the fragile equilibrium of macroeconomic fundamentals. Finally, the Brief presents possible macroeconomic and structural policy options to reduce excess current account imbalances in a growth-friendly manner and to prevent or cushion possible risks. |
| Keywords: | Global Current Account Imbalances; COVID-19 Pandemic; Russia’s War in Ukraine, Climate Change, Global Economic Governance; International Cooperation; Multilateralism; Economy and Finance, G20, Aphecetche, Bianchi, Stanoeva. |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:euf:ecobri:074&r= |
| By: | Ecker, Olivier; Comstock, Andrew R.; de Brauw, Alan; Diao, Xinshen; Talukder, Md. Ruhul Amin |
| Abstract: | Food system transformation strategies rely on consumer demand response for achieving sustainable healthy diets, but food consumption patterns and consumer preferences are often not well understood in many countries of the global South. This brief examines consumer demand in Bangladesh, a country in the take-off stage of agrifood system transformation, that has experienced improvements in diet quality but also an increasing incidence of overweight, with faster increases in rural than urban areas. The authors estimate responses in consumer demand to changes in incomes and changes in food prices, finding that rural consumer demand is driven by strong preferences for animal-source foods, while the demand for sugar and highly processed foods increases faster than total food demand when income rises. They conclude that agricultural value chain development can be an important policy instrument for improving household diet quality but can also lead to undesirable dietary change if food consumption incentives conflict with nutritional needs. |
| Keywords: | food systems; consumer behaviour; rural areas; healthy diets; demand; overweight; modelling; animal source foods; agricultural value chains; nutrition; Asia; Southern Asia; Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:issbrf:144173&r= |
| By: | Lee, Jin-Myon (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade); Kang, Ji Hyun (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade) |
| Abstract: | Indonesia is becoming a more and more important player in the global economy due to its large and growing population, abundant natural resources, strategic location, emerging market potential, investment in infrastructure, and membership in key regional economic blocs. Bilateral trade between this new regional player and South Korea has been steadily growing, encompassing a wide range of goods and services, and Indonesia offers attractive investment opportunities for Korean businesses across various sectors. Korean President Yoon Suk-Yeol, attending the Korea-Indonesia Business Roundtable held in Indonesia in 2023, presented a development strategy for a new 50-year partnership between the two countries. Yoon stressed the potential for fruitful cooperation between Indonesian and Korean companies in advanced industries, including the electric vehicle (EV) and battery sectors, given Indonesia’s status as the largest ASEAN economy and its vast reserves of critical minerals. However, despite the two country’s longstanding economic relationship, key challenges remain, such as stagnation and instability. In this paper, we analyze major trends and core features of the economic cooperation between Korea and Indonesia, focusing on trade and investment. We then address some of the strengths and weaknesses of the cooperative relationship. Based on this, conclude the paper by describing the implications for a more sustainable economic partnership. |
| Keywords: | Korea-Indonesia relationship; natural resources; critical mineral resources; economic cooperation; Korea-Indonesia trade; Foreign Direct Investment; FDI; industrial development; industrial cooperation; strategic collaboration; supply chain stability; Korea; KIET |
| JEL: | F00 F10 F13 F15 F20 F21 F23 |
| Date: | 2024–04–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieter:2024_008&r= |
| By: | Anne-Claire Savy (MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UM1 - Université Montpellier 1 - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UM2 - Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School, ADEME - Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie, CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes) |
| Abstract: | This article seeks to understand how a self-organised dynamic can emerge to engage the current transition towards a circular economy. Accompanying-research puts into perspective a collective citizen project of transition towards a circular society (TCS) with the perspectives of actors and theories of self-organising. The analysis of abundant material, in floating attention and inductive manual NVivo coding, demonstrates a self-organising development via individual commitment facing successive needs of cooperation to enact a TCS. The dynamic operates through cooperative work cycles, leading to a TCS project in continuous mutual reflexivity. These results contribute to self-organising theories, particularly mobilising Follettian thinking. |
| Keywords: | Self-organising circular economy transition towards a circular society NVivo accompanying research, Self-organising, circular economy, transition towards a circular society, NVivo, accompanying research |
| Date: | 2024–12–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04302326&r= |
| By: | Jean Wencélius (CRIOBE - Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Tamatoa Bambridge; Guillaume Mitta |
| Date: | 2024–04–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04588765&r= |
| By: | Mohamed Wael Ben Khaled (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Nadia Ouertani Abaoub (UMA - Université de la Manouba [Tunisie]) |
| Abstract: | Digital platforms are becoming more important in transforming the energy industry and altering the way we produce, distribute, and use energy. This paper explores the role of energy platforms in the transition towards renewable energy. We highlight, through real-life examples, that these platforms foster a participatory approach, convert consumers into proactive participants, democratize energy production, and encourage innovation in areas such as storage, electric mobility, and renewable project investments. Through a comprehensive review of the current literature, technological advancements, and emerging business models, we identify the possible key contributions of digital platforms to the energy sector. These platforms offer personalized user experiences, mutual benefits for users and companies, adaptability to market changes, support for peer-to-peer trade, and a reduction in bureaucracy. We then present a pioneering conceptual model by Liu et al. (2022), which integrates the energy cloud, digital platform, and transaction platform and we explore the business model of energy platforms. This business model is characterized by connectivity, innovative pricing, and revenue strategies independent of physical asset ownership. Advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and blockchain facilitate peer-to-peer energy trading, dynamic pricing, and a focus on transaction and access fees over traditional cost structures. Drawing on the business model and previous analysis we update the conceptual model for energy platforms to present a practical vision through a holistic approach. |
| Keywords: | energy platforms, platforms, energy transition, renewable energy, digitalization |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04612503&r= |
| By: | Soga, Kenichi PhD; Comfort, Louise PhD; Zhao, Bingyu PhD; Tang, Yili Kelly PhD; Han, Tianyu |
| Abstract: | Located on the tectonic boundary with multiple active faults, the San Francisco Bay Area is highly vulnerable to earthquakes. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) has estimated a 72% probability of an earthquakewith a magnitude of 6.7 or greater striking the region within the next 30 years. Historical seismic events have demonstrated the profound impact earthquakes can have on transportation systems. During the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, the closure of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, a critical transit route for San Francisco commuters, left nearly 400, 000 commuters and approximately 245, 000 vehicles daily with limitedalternative routes. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2024–05–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt8949c3zd&r= |
| By: | Balza, Lenin; Gómez Parra, Nicolás; Cuartas, Jorge; Serebrisky, Tomás |
| Abstract: | Access to essential infrastructure services such as water, sanitation, and garbage collection can considerably affect children's environment and may play a significant role in shaping early childhood developmental and health outcomes. Using data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for 18 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), we show a significant positive association between access to water and sanitation and early childhood development, as well as reduced instances of stunting. In addition, we identify a negative association between access to improved garbage collection services and the rates of stunting and underweight among children under five. Our findings are robust after using alternative measures for access and controlling for individual, maternal, and household factors, alongside considerations of household wealth and caregiver's stimulation activities. Similarly, the economic relevance of the relationship is highlighted by the substantial gap relative to the size of the vulnerable groups, persisting even after adjusting for confounding variables. Our results also suggest that households may be able to lessen the potential impact of pollutants through mitigation measures such as treating water to make it safe for consumption, using handwashing cleansers, and storing household trash in lidded containers. The current findings underscore the importance of investing in basic infrastructure services as a critical component of comprehensive strategies to enhance early childhood development and health in low- and middle-income countries. We emphasize the importance of considering the quality and type of infrastructure services alongside their availability. Future research should incorporate more complete and detailed data to improve understanding of the causal relationship between water, sanitation, and garbage collection and early childhood development, as well as the mechanisms underlying the observed associations. |
| Keywords: | early childhood development;Water and sanitation access;Waste management infrastructure;Low- and middle-income countries;Mitigation strategies. |
| JEL: | H41 I15 J13 Q53 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:13576&r= |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | En el marco de la preparación para la evaluación de daños, pérdidas y costos adicionales en caso de desastres es importante contar una línea de base que pueda actualizarse en el tiempo y que permita hacer una medición detallada del capital expuesto que podría resultar dañado, así como caracterizar a la población que habita en el área y desagregarla en niveles territoriales pequeños, como los municipios, para poder determinar sus vulnerabilidades. Líneas de base como las estimadas aquí podrían ser una herramienta para la planificación y para priorizar inversiones públicas. En este documento se presenta el ejercicio conjunto que llevaron a cabo la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) y la Secretaría de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente (SERNA) de Honduras a fin de elaborar un modelo de exposición para el municipio La Lima, en el departamento Cortés, y para el municipio El Progreso, en el departamento Yoro, sobre la base de la metodología de evaluación de daños y pérdidas de la CEPAL. |
| Date: | 2024–05–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:80403&r= |