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on Environmental Economics |
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Issue of 2024‒07‒08
sixty-five papers chosen by Francisco S. Ramos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
| By: | Mr. Armand P Fouejieu; Shakill Hassan; Mr. Ruben V Atoyan; Yiran Zha |
| Abstract: | The European continent is warming at more than twice the global average. The human and economic costs of higher temperature and more frequent and extreme natural disasters—already substantial in Europe—are expected to increase further unless suitable adaptation strategies are implemented. This paper shows that while Europe's overall vulnerability to climate risks is lower than other regions’, the countries in Central and Eastern Europe face greater human and economic costs from climate disasters compared to their advanced European peers, which are likely to further increase in the future. We use an ensemble of climate models to project future climates for each country in Europe, and identify the country whose present climate best approximates this projection. We rely on this information on countries’ representative future exposure to climate risks to calibrate country-level macro analyses of natural disasters, and how investment in adaptative infrastructure can help mitigate these shocks. We find that adaptation infrastructure can significantly reduce output losses from natural disasters, mitigate medium-term economic scarring, and support sustainable long-term growth. However, we show that effective implementation of adaption strategies in EMEs/LICs is likely to be constrained by limited domestic financial resources, weaker institutional quality, and may create policy trade-offs, if not accompanied by external support. |
| Keywords: | Macroeconomics of climate; adaptation; investment; public debt; climate analogues. |
| Date: | 2024–05–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2024/109&r= |
| By: | Mohaddes, K.,; Raissi, M. |
| Abstract: | We estimate country-specific annual per-capita GDP losses from global warming using the most recent climate scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) under different mitigation, adaptation, and climate variability assumptions. Our results indicate that without significant mitigation and adaptation efforts, global GDP per capita could decline by up to 24 percent under the high-emissions climate scenarios by 2100. These income losses vary significantly across the 174 countries in our sample, depending on the projected paths of temperatures and their variability. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Economic Growth, Mitigation, Adaptation, Counterfactual Analysis |
| JEL: | C33 O40 O44 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–06–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2429&r= |
| By: | Mohaddes, K.,; Raissi, M. |
| Abstract: | We estimate country-specific annual per-capita GDP losses from global warming using the most recent climate scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) under different mitigation, adaptation, and climate variability assumptions. Our results indicate that without significant mitigation and adaptation efforts, global GDP per capita could decline by up to 24 percent under the high-emissions climate scenarios by 2100. These income losses vary significantly across the 174 countries in our sample, depending on the projected paths of temperatures and their variability. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Economic Growth, Mitigation, Adaptation, Counterfactual Analysis |
| JEL: | C33 O40 O44 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–06–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camjip:2418&r= |
| By: | Mattauch, Linus; Hepburn, Cameron; Spuler, Fiona; Stern, Nicholas |
| Abstract: | Avoiding unmanageable climate change implies that global greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced rapidly. Carbon prices and technological development are essential to deliver such reductions. Changes in preferences, however, are rarely considered, even though other major socioeconomic transitions – such as those from reducing smoking and drink-driving – have succeeded partly because preferences have changed. This article examines the impact of climate policy-induced changes in consumers’ preferences. We show that low-carbon policies could be better designed if it is recognised that preferences can be endogenous to such policies. For instance, carbon taxes must be adjusted, if they crowd-in or -out social preferences, to achieve a given target. Further, when the urban built environment changes mobility preferences, the value of low-carbon infrastructure investments can be underestimated if such effects are ignored. Third, policy-induced changes in preferences for active travel and plant-based diets could increase the net benefits of the transition to zero emissions. |
| Keywords: | carbon pricing; climate change; crowding-in; endogenous preferences; health co-benefits; transport infrastructure; ESRC Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy (ref. ES/R009708/1) and the Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment; ES/R009708/1; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 681228. |
| JEL: | A12 D91 H23 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:115389&r= |
| By: | Kamiar Mohaddes; Mehdi Raissi |
| Abstract: | We estimate country-specific annual per-capita GDP losses from global warming using the most recent climate scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) under different mitigation, adaptation, and climate variability assumptions. Our results indicate that without significant mitigation and adaptation efforts, global GDP per capita could decline by up to 24 percent under the high-emissions climate scenarios by 2100. These income losses vary significantly across the 174 countries in our sample, depending on the projected paths of temperatures and their variability. |
| Keywords: | climate change, economic growth, mitigation, adaptation, counterfactual analysis |
| JEL: | C33 O40 O44 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2024-42&r= |
| By: | Melanie Dunger; Janina Kraus |
| Abstract: | Effectively combating climate change requires a dual approach: individual and industrial transformation. However, to mitigate climate change the synergies between individual Pro-Environmental Behavior (PEB) and climate engineering techniques, such as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), have often been neglected, thereby promoting only one of them. This study examines the relationship between PEB and the acceptance of CCS, taking into account attitudes toward climate change, norms, trust, and uncertainty aversion. Our analysis of survey data reveals a positive relationship between PEB and the acceptance of CCS, with PEB serving as a mediator linking attitudes toward climate change to CCS-acceptance. Our findings demonstrate the urgency of advancing PEB and technology-integrated strategies for climate mitigation. Therefore, this study contributes to the ongoing conversation about how to combine technological solutions with individual actions to successfully mitigate climate change. |
| Keywords: | Pro-Environmental Behavior, Carbon Capture and Storage, Technology Acceptance, Attitudes, Climate Change |
| JEL: | Q54 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:atv:wpaper:2401&r= |
| By: | R. Saba; A. Pireddu |
| Abstract: | The European decarbonisation pathway, initiated by the Green Deal and reinforced by RePowerEU and the 'Fit for 55' package, emphasizes the critical role of sustainable energy transition for both the EU and the Mediterranean region. This shift requires rapid adoption of renewable energy, phasing out fossil fuels, and developing green hydrogen and Power to X technologies. Consequently, expanding and advancing electricity infrastructures, such as grids and storage systems, is essential to manage increased electrification and distributed energy production and consumption. Italy faces significant delays in connecting projects to the national grid, highlighting the need for urgent infrastructural improvements. Investments by TERNA and ENEL aim to enhance grid integration within Italy and between European and Mediterranean transmission systems. Benefits of transnational energy integration include delaying new fossil-fuelled power plants, reducing reserve capacity needs, lowering system costs, and enhancing energy sharing, reliability, and competition. The EU s strategic pursuit of energy integration is underscored by geopolitical tensions emphasizing the importance of cross-border energy flows and diversified electricity suppliers. The Joint Communication for a Renewed Partnership with the Southern Neighbourhood focuses on low-carbon energy transition, renewable energy, and clean hydrogen. The Mediterranean region s abundant solar and wind resources present significant cooperation opportunities in clean energy, particularly hydrogen production. Key projects like the ELMED-TUNITA and regional initiatives such as the Eight Country Interconnection Project facilitate energy sharing and stability. Italy s potential as an energy hub in the Euro-Mediterranean network is evident, primarily focusing on electricity and renewable energy sources. Sardinia plays a crucial role with ambitious targets for renewable energy to support the energy transition. Future energy cooperation between Europe and the Mediterranean will depend on harmonizing legal frameworks, sharing climate goals, and increasing financial resources. Ensuring a just transition, based on equity and solidarity, is essential for sustainable development and balanced growth in the Mediterranean. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cns:cnscwp:202409&r= |
| By: | Santaro Sakata; Abenezer Zeleke Aklilu; Rodrigo Pizarro |
| Abstract: | Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data is essential for tracking progress towards the Paris Agreement’s global temperature goals. In addition to the emissions inventories based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines, which are used for tracking progress under the framework of the Paris Agreement, there are other GHG emissions datasets that cater to different users and policy objectives. This paper evaluates three OECD datasets on GHG emissions: Air emissions – Greenhouse gas emissions inventories, Agricultural greenhouse gases emissions, and the Air Emissions Accounts (AEAs) based on the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting. It also looks at one dataset from the International Energy Agency: CO2 emissions from fuel combustion. It discusses the inventory and AEA approaches in terms of accounting principles (production- versus demand-based, territory versus residence), as well as classifications and scope of emissions. It looks at the coverage of the GHG emissions datasets and identifies the data gaps. Finally, the paper outlines several steps to enhance data coverage and quality of the datasets. |
| Keywords: | Emissions source classifications, Official greenhouse gas emissions data gaps, Production- and demand-based emissions, Residence principle, Territory principle |
| JEL: | C82 E01 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024–06–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stdaaa:2024/03-en&r= |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | The government of Japan has pledged to substantially reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the coming decade. Japan is among the largest greenhouse gas emitting economies in the world exposing it to significant transition risk. Although Japan’s overall exposure to physical risk is considered as very high due to the changing climate and the impact of the predicted increase in the frequency and severity of natural catastrophes, its overall vulnerability to physical risks is relatively low because of its strong capacity to cope with such risks. In accordance with the United Nations Climate Change Convention, Japan has set an interim target to reduce GHG emissions by 46 percent from 2013 levels until 2030, with an objective of achieving net-zero GHG emissions by 2050. To realize this ambitious goal, Japan enacted the Green Transformation (GX) Promotion Act in May 2023 and laid out, based on the law, a comprehensive strategy to facilitate the transition to a net zero GHG economy. |
| Date: | 2024–05–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2024/117&r= |
| By: | Supratim Das Gupta (Amrut Mody School of Management, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India); Marco Baudino (Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, GREDEG, France); Saikat Sarkar (Department of Economics & Politics, Visva Bharati University, Santiniketan, India) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the growth-energy-pollution nexus of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) considering the joint contribution to CO2 emissions of the different sectors of the economy for a set of 43 emerging and developing countries. Since energy consumption and contribution to GDP growth can vary remarkably among sectors, the latter are likely to be characterized by heterogeneous responses to pollution from macroeconomic factors. We adopt an index decomposition approach disentangling the effect of energy consumption from intra-sectoral shifts in economic activities, which allows to evaluate improvements in energy efficiency across sectors. For the empirical analysis, we employ System and Difference GMM estimations using longitudinal obser- vations from 1998 to 2019. Our econometric results reveal substantial heterogeneity of responses to carbon dioxide reduction across sectors. Particularly, we validate the exis- tence of the EKC in energy-related measures for the sole manufacturing sector, and in GDP growth for the commercial and public sector. On the other hand, while emissions increase proportionately with growth in the transportation sector, energy efficiency measures seem to be ineffective in curtailing emissions in both the transportation and commercial and public sectors. Our results bear recommendations for the achievement of effective carbon neutrality policies. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Kuznets Curve, Energy Intensity Decomposition, CO2 Emissions |
| JEL: | Q01 Q53 O13 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2024-17&r= |
| By: | Caterina Morelli; Simone Boccaletti; Paolo Maranzano; Philipp Otto |
| Abstract: | The assessment of corporate sustainability performance is extremely relevant in facilitating the transition to a green and low-carbon intensity economy. However, companies located in different areas may be subject to different sustainability and environmental risks and policies. Henceforth, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the spatial and temporal pattern of the sustainability evaluations of European firms. We leverage on a large dataset containing information about companies' sustainability performances, measured by MSCI ESG ratings, and geographical coordinates of firms in Western Europe between 2013 and 2023. By means of a modified version of the Chavent et al. (2018) hierarchical algorithm, we conduct a spatial clustering analysis, combining sustainability and spatial information, and a spatiotemporal clustering analysis, which combines the time dynamics of multiple sustainability features and spatial dissimilarities, to detect groups of firms with homogeneous sustainability performance. We are able to build cross-national and cross-industry clusters with remarkable differences in terms of sustainability scores. Among other results, in the spatio-temporal analysis, we observe a high degree of geographical overlap among clusters, indicating that the temporal dynamics in sustainability assessment are relevant within a multidimensional approach. Our findings help to capture the diversity of ESG ratings across Western Europe and may assist practitioners and policymakers in evaluating companies facing different sustainability-linked risks in different areas. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2405.20191&r= |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | The frequency and severity of extreme wildfires are on the rise in Greece, causing unprecedented disruption and increasingly challenging the country’s capacity to contain losses and damages. These challenges are set to keep growing in the context of climate change, highlighting the need to scale up wildfire prevention and climate change adaptation. This paper provides an overview of Greece's wildfire policies and practices and assesses the extent to which wildfire management in the country is evolving to adapt to growing wildfire risk under climate change. |
| Keywords: | climate adaptation, climate change, prevention, risk reduction, wildfire |
| Date: | 2024–06–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaac:43-en&r= |
| By: | Roshen Fernando |
| Abstract: | Climate change continues to be an existential threat to humanity. With intrinsic linkages to the natural environment, food and energy supply chains are two fundamental channels via which climate risks could spill over into the economy. This paper explores the global economic consequences of the physical climate impacts on agriculture and energy. Firstly, we construct a range of chronic and extreme climate risk indicators. Secondly, we incorporate those climate risk indicators, alongside the historical data on global agriculture and energy, in machine learning algorithms to estimate the historical responsiveness of agriculture and energy to climate risks. Thirdly, we project agriculture and energy production changes under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Finally, the derived shocks are introduced as economic shocks to the G-Cubed model, which is a global multisectoral intertemporal general equilibrium model. We evaluate the G-Cubed model simulation results for various economic variables, including real GDP, consumption, investment, exports and imports, real interest rates, and sectoral production. We observe substantial losses to all economies and adjustments to consumption and investment under the SSPs. The losses worsen with warming. Developing countries are disproportionately affected. However, we observe the potential for double dividends from transitioning to sustainable livestock production and renewable energy sources, preventing further warming and physical damages, and enhancing the resilience of food and energy supply chains to climate risks. |
| Keywords: | climate change, extreme events, physical climate risks, macroeconomics, CGE, DSGE, machine learning |
| JEL: | C51 C53 C54 C55 C68 F41 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2024-37&r= |
| By: | Sunwoo Kim; Joungho Park; Jay H. Lee |
| Abstract: | In the global pursuit of sustainable energy solutions, mitigating carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions stands as a pivotal challenge. With escalating atmospheric CO2 levels, the imperative of direct air capture (DAC) systems becomes evident. Simultaneously, green hydrogen (GH) emerges as a pivotal medium for renewable energy. Nevertheless, the substantial expenses associated with these technologies impede widespread adoption, primarily due to significant installation costs and underutilized operational advantages when deployed independently. Integration through sector coupling enhances system efficiency and sustainability, while shared power sources and energy storage devices offer additional economic benefits. In this study, we assess the economic viability of polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers versus alkaline electrolyzers within the context of sector coupling. Our findings indicate that combining GH production with solid DAC systems yields significant economic advantages, with approximately a 10% improvement for PEM electrolyzers and a 20% enhancement for alkaline electrolyzers. These results highlight a substantial opportunity to improve the efficiency and economic viability of renewable energy and green hydrogen initiatives, thereby facilitating the broader adoption of cleaner technologies. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2406.00665&r= |
| By: | Alberto Alamia; Behzad Partoon; Eoghan Rattigan; Gorm Brunn Andresen |
| Abstract: | The European Union strategy for net zero emissions relies on developing hydrogen and electro fuels infrastructure. These fuels will be crucial as energy carriers and balancing agents for renewable energy variability. Large scale production requires more renewable capacity, and various Power to X (PtX) concepts are emerging in renewable rich countries. However, sourcing renewable carbon to scale carbon based electro fuels is a significant challenge. This study explores a PtX hub that sources renewable CO2 from biogas plants, integrating renewable energy, hydrogen production, and methanol synthesis on site. This concept creates an internal market for energy and materials, interfacing with the external energy system. The size and operation of the PtX hub were optimized, considering integration with local energy systems and a potential hydrogen grid. The levelized costs of hydrogen and methanol were estimated for a 2030 start, considering new legislation on renewable fuels of non biological origin (RFNBOs). Our results show the PtX hub can rely mainly on on site renewable energy, selling excess electricity to the grid. A local hydrogen grid connection improves operations, and the behind the meter market lowers energy prices, buffering against market variability. We found methanol costs could be below 650 euros per ton and hydrogen production costs below 3 euros per kg, with standalone methanol plants costing 23 per cent more. The CO2 recovery to methanol production ratio is crucial, with over 90 per cent recovery requiring significant investment in CO2 and H2 storage. Overall, our findings support planning PtX infrastructures integrated with the agricultural sector as a cost effective way to access renewable carbon. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2406.00442&r= |
| By: | Volz, Ulrich |
| Abstract: | Sovereign state-contingent instruments (SCDIs) have been suggested as complements or alternatives to traditional sovereign debt instruments for a long time, but with little uptake. Markets for SCDIs have suffered from low liquidity and issues around measurement. This article argues that the escalating climate and ecological crises provide a strong rationale to reconsider the use of sovereign SCDIs as the physical and transition impacts of climate change and environmental degradation are increasingly altering the risk profile of sovereigns. The use of risk-linked sovereign instruments such as cat bonds or resilience bonds and embedding disaster risk clauses in sovereign debt contracts would be an important way for governments, especially in highly climate-vulnerable countries, to mitigate climate risks and scale up investment in resilience. Moreover, instruments such as sustainability-linked bonds that incentivise sustainability-oriented policies and investments could help to bring about better sustainability outcomes and contribute to greater debt sustainability. SCDIs can also play an important role in facilitating debt restructurings. The international community, supported by key institutions like the IMF and the major multilateral development banks, should make a concerted effort to promote the widespread adoption of sovereign SCDIs to support better public debt management, the climate-proofing of public finances, and the achievement of more ambitious sustainability outcomes. |
| Keywords: | debt restructurings; GDP-linked bonds; sovereign debt; state-contingent debt; sustainability-linked bonds |
| JEL: | F34 H63 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–12–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:122922&r= |
| By: | Ndione, Y. C.; Tall, L.; Sall, S.; Ciss, P. N.; Rousseau, E.; Amarnath, Giriraj (International Water Management Institute); Okem, Andrew (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Climate change adaptation; Intervention; Stakeholders; Climate change impacts; Vulnerability; Communities; Rural areas; Climate resilience; Food security; Agropastoral systems; Farmers |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:conprc:h052470&r= |
| By: | Sunwoo Kim; Joungho Park; Jay H. Lee |
| Abstract: | In the pursuit of a carbon-neutral future, hydrogen emerges as a pivotal element, serving as a carbon-free energy carrier and feedstock. As efforts to decarbonize sectors such as heating and transportation intensify, understanding and navigating through the dynamics of hydrogen demand expansion becomes critical. Transitioning to hydrogen economy is complicated by varying regional scales and types of hydrogen demand, with forecasts indicating a rise in variable demand that calls for diverse production technologies. Currently, steam methane reforming is prevalent, but its significant carbon emissions make a shift to cleaner alternatives like blue and green hydrogen imperative. Each production method possesses distinct characteristics, necessitating a thorough exploration and co-optimization with electricity supply chains as well as carbon capture, utilization, and storage systems. Our study fills existing research gaps by introducing a superstructure optimization framework that accommodates various demand scenarios and technologies. Through case studies in California, we underscore the critical role of demand profiles in shaping the optimal configurations and economics of supply chains and emphasize the need for diversified portfolios and co-optimization to facilitate sustainable energy transitions. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2406.00669&r= |
| By: | Missbach, Leonard; Steckel, Jan Christoph |
| Abstract: | We analyze the distributional impacts of climate policy by examining heterogeneity in households' carbon intensity of consumption. We construct a novel dataset that includes information on the carbon intensity of 1.5 million individual households from 88 countries. We first show that horizontal differences are generally larger than vertical differences. We then use supervised machine learning to analyze the non-linear contribution of household characteristics to the prediction of carbon intensity of consumption. Including household-level information beyond total household expenditures, such as information on vehicle ownership, location, and energy use, increases the accuracy of predicting households' carbon intensity. The importance of such features is country-specific and model accuracy varies across the sample. We identify six clusters of countries that differ in the distribution of climate policy costs and their determinants. Our results highlight that, depending on the context, some compensation policies may be more effective in reducing horizontal heterogeneity than others. |
| Keywords: | Climate policy, Distributional impacts, Inequality, Transfers |
| JEL: | C38 C55 D30 H23 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:296491&r= |
| By: | Yiran Niu (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong); Jean-Philippe Boussemart (IESEG School of Management, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9221 - LEM - Lille Economie Management, F-59000 Lille, France); Zhiyang Shen (IESEG School of Management, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9221 - LEM - Lille Economie Management, F-59000 Lille, France); Michael Vardanyan (IESEG School of Management, Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9221 - LEM - Lille Economie Management, F-59000 Lille, France) |
| Abstract: | Aiming to achieve sustainable development, a constantly growing number of countries have strived to promote economic growth while simultaneously mitigating environmental degradation and maximizing social welfare. However, despite the importance attributed to social well-being in contemporary discourse, its role has not received much attention in the performance evaluation literature. We propose a novel, multi-stage framework based on three dimensions of performance allowing us to assess the tradeoffs between the economic, environmental, and social efficiency in 28 OECD member countries from 2000 to 2019. We construct several scenarios representing policymakers' preferences by altering the weights assigned to the different performance pillars, allowing us to assess the environmental and social repercussions of economic growth. Our findings suggest that policies promoting relatively balanced growth patterns can offer opportunities for higher performance across all three pillars. At the same time, prioritizing development along any single dimension can trigger a relatively significant drop in progress in terms of the other two pillars. We also demonstrate that the sustainable development potential has varied across time and space. Comparisons suggest that the European OECD member countries have outperformed their non-European counterparts in terms of the economic performance, health outcomes, life expectancy, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Our results can provide policymakers with insights into strategies for promoting economic growth that account for sustainable development objectives. |
| Keywords: | Data Envelopment Analysis; Environmental Technology; Social Benchmarking; Nonparametric Estimation |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ies:wpaper:e202414&r= |
| By: | Frances C. Moore; Moritz A. Drupp; James Rising; Simon Dietz; Ivan Rudik; Gernot Wagner |
| Abstract: | Estimating the cost to society from a ton of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere requires connecting a model of the climate system with a representation of the economic and social effects of changes in climate, as well as the valuation and aggregation of diverse, uncertain impacts across both time and space. The literature on this cost, termed the social cost of carbon (SCC), is large and growing. Prior work has largely focused on better constraining the values of parameters such as climate sensitivity, the discount rate, and the damage function. A growing literature has also examined the effect of varying more fundamental structural elements of the models supporting SCC calculations. These structural model choices—including the introduction of climate or economic tipping points, changing the structure of economic preferences, and accounting for the persistence of climate damages—have been analyzed in piecemeal, uncoordinated fashion, leaving their relative importance unclear. Here we perform a comprehensive synthesis of the evidence on the SCC, combining 1823 estimates of the SCC from 147 studies published between 2000 and 2020 with a survey of the authors of these studies. The distribution of published SCC values for a 2020 pulse year is wide and substantially right-skewed, showing evidence of a heavy right tail (truncated mean of $132, median $39). Analysis of variance reveals important roles for structural elements in driving SCC estimates, particularly the inclusion of persistent damages via effects on economic growth, representation of the Earth system, and distributional weighting. However, our survey reveals that experts believe the literature is biased downwards due to an under-sampling of structural model variations, as well as biases in damage-function and discount-rate parameters. To address this imbalance, we train a random forest model on variation in the literature and use it to generate a synthetic SCC distribution that more closely matches expert assessments of appropriate model structure and discounting. This synthetic distribution has a median and mean of $185 and $284 per ton CO2, respectively, for a 2020 pulse year (5%–95% range: $32–$874), higher than all official government estimates, including a 2023 update from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. |
| JEL: | Q0 Q50 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32544&r= |
| By: | Gao, Shuo; Gomez-Baggethun, Erik; Bull, Joseph W.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. |
| Abstract: | Countries worldwide have collectively agreed to halt and reverse nature loss. However, a poorly understood and systemic challenge to this vision is Shifting Baseline Syndrome (SBS), wherein people misperceive the extent to which nature has been changed, with erosion of the baseline of what “good” nature looks like over time, either between generations or for an individual. This can diminish societal expectations for nature recovery. Here, we propose a framework that incorporates cognitive mechanisms underlying environmental misperceptions, broadening the conceptual framing of SBS to include other mechanisms behind misperceptions of environmental change, and including not just nature loss but also recovery. We demonstrate the utility of the framework using a mixed-methods study in Qunli New Town, Harbin, China, consisting of in-depth interviews (N=42) and a population-based quantitative survey (N=1018). Our results show that more accurate perception is associated with gaining information about an area from personal experience rather than indirect information sources. Cognitive errors, including errors of “omission” and “commission”, were related to the processes of sensation, attention, learning, thinking, and memory. Minimising SBS is important to ensure that people affected by environmental change are able to perceive it accurately, so that they can better respond to it; this is essential to pursuing resilient, sustainable, and inclusive societies under the Sustainable Development Goals and the Global Biodiversity Framework. |
| Date: | 2024–06–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:k7rbz&r= |
| By: | Andre, Peter; Hackmann, Angelina |
| Abstract: | This paper shows that support for climate action is high across survey participants from all EU countries in three dimensions: (1) Participants are willing to contribute personally to combating climate change, (2) they approve of pro-climate social norms, and (3) they demand government action. In addition, there is a significant perception gap where individuals underestimate others' willingness to contribute to climate action by over 10 percentage points, influencing their own willingness to act. Policymakers should recognize the broad support for climate action among European citizens and communicate this effectively to counteract the vocal minority opposed to it. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Climate Behavior, Climate Policies, Social Norms |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:safewh:296482&r= |
| By: | Hackmann, Angelina |
| Abstract: | In recent decades, biodiversity has declined significantly, threatening ecosystem services that are vital to society and the economy. Despite the growing recognition of biodiversity risks, the private sector response remains limited, leaving a significant financing gap. The paper therefore describes marketbased solutions to bridge the financing gap, which can follow a risk assessment approach and an impact-oriented perspective. Key obstacles to mobilising private capital for biodiversity conservation are related to pricing biodiversity due to its local dimension, the lack of standardized metrics for valuation and still insufficient data reporting by companies hindering informed investment decisions. Financing biodiversity projects poses another challenge, mainly due to a mismatch between investor needs and available projects, for example in terms of project timeframes and their additionality. |
| Keywords: | Biodiversity, Green Finance, Financing Gap |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:safewh:296481&r= |
| By: | Flagner, Stefan (Maastricht University); Meissner, Thomas (Maastricht University); Künn, Steffen (Maastricht University); Eichholtz, Piet (Maastricht University); Kok, Nils (Maastricht University); Kramer, Rick (Eindhoven University of Technology); van Marken-Lichtenbelt, Wouter (Maastricht University); Ly, Cynthia (Maastricht University); Plasqui, Guy (Maastricht University) |
| Abstract: | This study provides novel evidence on the isolated effect of carbon dioxide on cognition, economic decision-making, and the physiological response in healthy office workers. The experiment took place in an air-tight respiration chamber fully controlling the environmental conditions. In a single-blind, within-subject study design, 20 healthy participants were exposed to carbon dioxide concentrations of 3, 000 ppm and 900 ppm in randomized order, with each exposure lasting for 8 hours. We do not find evidence on a statistically significant effect on either cognitive or physiological outcome variables. Thus, the evidence shows that the human body appears to be able to deal with exposure to indoor carbon dioxide concentration of 3, 000 ppm without suffering significant cognitive decline, changes in decision-making or showing any physiological response. |
| Keywords: | carbon dioxide, indoor air quality, cognition, economic decision-making, physiological response |
| JEL: | D87 J24 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17019&r= |
| By: | Roshen Fernando; Warwick McKibbin |
| Abstract: | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat that led to 1.27 million deaths in 2019. Given the widespread use of antimicrobials in healthcare, agriculture, and industrial applications and a range of factors affecting AMR, including demographic trends and physical climate risks, an economy-wide approach is essential to understand and assess the economic consequences of AMR. We model the global economic impacts of AMR under six alternative scenarios. These scenarios are designed to incorporate assumptions about changes in AMR-related disease incidence, the impact of a central scenario about future demographic change on AMR over time, and explore the sensitivity of assumptions about the effects of AMR on agriculture productivity. We also examine the additional impacts of changing climate risks on the evolution of AMR (focusing on one climate scenario), the consequences of changes in country risk premia due to the differential im-pacts of the evolution of AMR on countries, and the global economic impacts of changes in government expenditure in response to AMR. Our results find a significant global economic burden of worsening AMR due to demographic change and climate change risks, as well as significant eco-nomic benefits of taking action to address AMR. We emphasize that a “one-health†approach to managing AMR will have substantial economic benefits over the coming decades. |
| Keywords: | antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic resistance, infectious diseases, macroeconomic modelling |
| JEL: | C51 C53 C54 C55 C63 C68 E37 F01 F41 Q51 Q54 I10 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2024-41&r= |
| By: | John Bistlinea; Chikara Onda; Morgan Browning; Johannes Emmerling; Gokul Iyer; Megan Mahajan; Jim McFarland; Haewon McJeon; Robbie Orvis; Francisco Ralston Fonseca; Christopher Roney; Noah Sandoval; Luis Sarmiento; John Weyant; Jared Woollacott; Mei Yuan |
| Abstract: | With companies, states, and countries targeting net-zero emissions around midcentury, there are questions about how these targets alter household welfare and finances, including distributional effects across income groups. This paper examines the distributional dimensions of technology transitions and net-zero policies with a focus on welfare impacts across household incomes. The analysis uses a model intercomparison with a range of energy-economy models using harmonized policy scenarios reaching economy-wide, net-zero CO2 emissions across the United States in 2050. We employ a novel linking approach that connects output from detailed energy system models with survey microdata on energy expenditures across income classes to provide distributional analysis of net-zero policies. Although there are differences in model structure and input assumptions, we find broad agreement in qualitative trends in policy incidence and energy burdens across income groups. Models generally agree that direct energy expenditures for many households will likely decline over time with reference and net-zero policies. However, there is variation in the extent of changes relative to current levels, energy burdens relative to reference levels, and electricity expenditures. Policy design, primarily how climate policy revenues are used, has first-order impacts on distributional outcomes. Net-zero policy costs, in both absolute and relative terms, are unevenly distributed across households, and relative increases in energy expenditures are higher for lowest-income households. However, we also find that recycled revenues from climate policies have countervailing effects when rebated on a per-capita basis, offsetting higher energy burdens and potentially even leading to net progressive outcomes. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2405.18748&r= |
| By: | Frédéric Ghersi (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Date: | 2023–03–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04384824&r= |
| By: | Yoshifumi Konishi (Keio University); Akari Ono (Keio University) |
| Abstract: | We estimate the causal effect of ride-hailing entry on transport-related air pollution in U.S. cities, using granular satellite-based NO? concentration data in the staggered difference-in-differences research design. Our empirical strategy accounts for treatment effect heterogeneity both within and across cities, coupled with two additional strategies to strengthen identification: using geography-based instruments and exploiting a sharp, unanticipated change in ride-hailing activity in Austin due to its rule change. We find robust evidence that ride-hailing tends to improve air quality in highly dense cities, but has no significant impact in cities with low and medium density. We also find evidence that the NO? reduction in highly dense cities is associated with a decrease in private car use and an increase in public transit use. Taken together, our findings suggest that the environmental effect of ride-hailing depends on the complementarity between ride-hailing and public transit: While ride-hailing may increase congestion by inducing deadheading or displacing of mass transit for parts of daily trips, it may still decrease overall air pollution if a combined use of ride-hailing with other transit displaces private car use more than such adverse behavior. |
| Keywords: | Air pollution, congestion, commuting choice, staggered difference-indifferences, instrumental variable, ride-hailing, ride-sharing, transportation and environment |
| JEL: | L91 Q53 R4 R11 |
| Date: | 2024–06–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:keo:dpaper:2024-014&r= |
| By: | Emilie Bourlier-Bargues (CleRMa - Clermont Recherche Management - ESC Clermont-Ferrand - École Supérieure de Commerce (ESC) - Clermont-Ferrand - UCA [2017-2020] - Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020]); Bertrand Valiorgue (EM - EMLyon Business School); Nicolas Spatola |
| Abstract: | Climate change and transition issues impose themselves on firms as they have to mitigate their impacts on the natural environment and prepare for the eruption of risks and hazards that will undoubtedly impact their commercial and industrial activities. Taking this new climate regime into account primarily concerns top executives and directors. If the need to integrate these new parameters is shared by the greatest number, inertia and business as usual strategies compromise the achievement of the objectives of the Paris agreements. In this article, we show that one of these sources of this inertia comes from cognitive processes that hinder decision-making at the level of the board of directors. After presenting the roots of cognitive biases, we detail six main biases that hinder decisions in favor of ambitious actions and strategies. We also show how the implementation of an appropriate decision-making architecture can mitigate the expression of these cognitive biases in the boardrooms. We end the article by presenting the first feedback from the case study that we designed in a comic book format to illustrate the main biases that limit the ability of companies and their leaders to meet the climate change strategic challenges. |
| Abstract: | Le changement climatique et les objectifs de transition s'imposent aux entreprises qui doivent atténuer leurs impacts sur l'environnement et se préparer à l'irruption de risques et aléas qui ne manqueront pas d'impacter leurs activités industrielles et commerciales. La prise en considération de cette nouvelle donne climatique concerne au premier chef les dirigeants et les administrateurs. Si la nécessité d'intégrer ces nouveaux paramètres est partagée par le plus grand nombre, force est de constater l'inertie des comportements et la lenteur des évolutions qui compromettent l'atteinte des objectifs de neutralité carbone de l'Accord de Paris. Dans cet article, nous montrons que l'une de ces sources de cette inertie provient de mécanismes cognitifs qui freinent la prise de décision aux niveaux des conseils d'administration. Après avoir présenté les biais cognitifs, nous détaillons six principaux biais qui freinent les décisions en faveur d'actions et de prises d'initiatives ambitieuses susceptibles d'aider les entreprises à relever le défi de la transition climatique. Nous montrons également comment la mise en place d'une architecture de décision adaptée peut permettre d'atténuer l'expression de ces biais cognitifs au sein des conseils d'administration. Nous terminons l'article en présentant les premiers retours d'expériences du cas pédagogique que nous avons conçu sous un format bande dessinée afin d'illustrer les principaux biais qui limitent la capacité des entreprises et de leurs dirigeants à relever le défi de la transition climatique. |
| Keywords: | Corporate governance, Cognitive biases, Choice architecture, Climate change, Changement climatique, Gouvernance d'entreprise, Conseil d'administration, Biais cognitifs, Architecture de décision, Board of directors |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04580484&r= |
| By: | Markus Brueckner; Sudyumna Dahal; Haiyan Lin |
| Abstract: | The average country in Asia-Pacific experiences more natural disasters than the average country of other developing regions. This paper presents stylized facts on natural disasters, human development, and external debt in Asia-Pacific. The paper also contains estimates of the effects that natural disasters have on human development. Controlling for country and time fixed effects, dynamic panel model estimates show that external debt has a mitigating effect on the adverse impacts that natural disasters have on human development: In countries with low external debt-toGDP ratios, natural disasters significantly decrease the human development index; but not so in countries with high external debt-to-GDP ratios. External debt (i.e. borrowing from abroad) is a financial contract for obtaining resources from abroad (i.e. imports of goods and services). When a country experiencing a natural disaster borrows from abroad to increase imports of goods and services, the population suffers less when a natural disaster strikes. Natural disasters destroy goods and capital (e.g. food, machinery, buildings, and roads) in the country in which they occur. If imports of goods and services do not increase, then the population has less goods and services to consume following a natural disaster. By increasing imports, which are mirrored on the financial side by an increase in external debt, the population of a country that was struck by a natural disaster can smooth consumption. As the incidence of natural disasters increases globally, a policy recommendation for disaster-prone countries, supported by the empirical results of this paper, is the need for deeper and innovative mechanisms of access to international financing, including reforms in both domestic and international financial systems. |
| Keywords: | Natural Disasters, Shocks, Debt, Human Development |
| JEL: | F3 Q54 H6 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:acb:cbeeco:2024-699&r= |
| By: | Emir Fejzic; Will Usher |
| Abstract: | A fast-paced policy context is characteristic of energy and climate research, which strives to develop solutions to wicked problems such as climate change. Funding agencies in the European Union recognize the importance of linking research and policy in climate and energy research. This calls for an increased understanding of how stakeholder engagement can effectively be used to co-design research questions that include stakeholders' concerns. This paper reviews the current literature on stakeholder engagement, from which we create a set of criteria. These are used to critically assess recent and relevant papers on stakeholder engagement in climate and energy projects. We obtained the papers from a scoping review of stakeholder engagement through workshops in EU climate and energy research. With insights from the literature and current EU climate and energy projects, we developed a workshop programme for stakeholder engagement. This programme was applied to the European Climate and Energy Modelling Forum project, aiming to co-design the most pressing and urgent research questions according to European stakeholders. The outcomes include 82 co-designed and ranked research questions for nine specific climate and energy research themes. Findings from the scoping review indicate that papers rarely define the term 'stakeholder'. Additionally, the concepts of co-creation, co-design, and co-production are used interchangeably and often without definition. We propose that workshop planners use stakeholder identification and selection methods from the broader stakeholder engagement literature. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2406.01640&r= |
| By: | Dany Brouillette; Tessa Devakos |
| Abstract: | We propose a tool that decomposes TFP growth into sectoral contributions. The analysis incorporates three structural factors—digitalization, aging and climate change policies—and measures their contributions. Overall, we expect that aggregate TFP growth will slow down in the 2020s below both its historical average and the average from the 2010s. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Digitalization; Labour markets; Productivity |
| JEL: | D24 J11 O33 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bca:bocsan:24-12&r= |
| By: | MURZYN Dorota |
| Abstract: | The aim of this report is to investigate the potential for harnessing key features of Transformative Innovation to improve the design and the implementation of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) strategies, based on empirical analyses. The study draws on the conceptual framework on this question previously defined for the JRC (European Commission, 2024), and the methodology for case studies articulated in the same report. The case study research comprises overall 14 case study reports covering 16 different territories from across the EU and beyond, casing various institutional contexts, a variety of biogeographical regions within different climate risks, different ranges of population sizes, and representing a diversity of approaches to CCA and transformative innovation1 . The framework takes the form of an analytical grid, structured into seven sections, each of them representing a key feature of the ‘transformative innovation’ approach where the features are understood as essential conditions for the design and implementation of CCA strategies with this high level of ambition. Each section sets out the main question(s) to be addressed in relation to its respective transformative innovation feature. This report provides the findings for the region of Emilia Romagna, Italy, as at November 2023, and is the result of a collaboration between the Joint Research Centre (JRC), DG CLIMA and DG RTD. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc137319&r= |
| By: | MURZYN Dorota |
| Abstract: | The aim of this report is to investigate the potential for harnessing key features of Transformative Innovation to improve the design and the implementation of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) strategies for Mazovia region and the municipality of Stare Babice, in Poland, as at October 2023, based on empirical analyses. The study draws on the conceptual framework on this question previously defined for the JRC (European Commission, 2024), and the methodology for case studies articulated in the same report. The case study research comprises overall 14 case study reports covering 16 different territories from across the EU and beyond, casing various institutional contexts, a variety of biogeographical regions within different climate risks, different ranges of population sizes, and representing a diversity of approaches to CCA and transformative innovation. The framework takes the form of an analytical grid, structured into seven sections, each of them representing a key feature of the ‘transformative innovation’ approach where the features are understood as essential conditions for the design and implementation of CCA strategies with this high level of ambition. Each section sets out the main question(s) to be addressed in relation to its respective transformative innovation feature. This report is the result of a collaboration between the Joint Research Centre (JRC), DG CLIMA and DG RTD. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc137323&r= |
| By: | HARDING Richard; NAUWELAERS Claire |
| Abstract: | The aim of this report is to investigate the potential for harnessing key features of Transformative Innovation to improve the design and the implementation of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) strategies, based on empirical analyses. The study draws on the conceptual framework on this question previously defined for the JRC (European Commission, 2024), and the methodology for case studies articulated in the same report. The case study research comprises overall 14 reports covering 16 different territories from across the EU and beyond, casing various institutional contexts, a variety of biogeographical regions within different climate risks, different ranges of population sizes, and representing a diversity of approaches to CCA and transformative innovation. The framework takes the form of an analytical grid, structured into seven sections, each of them representing a key feature of the ‘transformative innovation’ approach where the features are understood as essential conditions for the design and implementation of CCA strategies with this high level of ambition. Each section sets out the main question(s) to be addressed in relation to its respective transformative innovation feature. In addition to summarizing the main findings under each of the seven features, the conclusion also suggests possible ways forward which could help the region move towards more of a Transformative Innovation approach to CCA. This Report provides the findings for Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region in France, as at January 2024 and is the result of a collaboration between the Joint Research Centre (JRC), DG CLIMA and DG RTD. |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc137314&r= |
| By: | MORALES Diana |
| Abstract: | The aim of this report is to investigate the potential for harnessing key features of Transformative Innovation to improve the design and the implementation of Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) strategies, based on empirical analyses. The study draws on the conceptual framework on this question previously defined for the JRC (European Commission, 2024), and the methodology for case studies articulated in the same report. The case study research comprises overall 14 case study reports covering 16 different territories from across the EU and beyond, casing various institutional contexts, a variety of biogeographical regions within different climate risks, different ranges of population sizes, and representing a diversity of approaches to CCA and transformative innovation . The framework takes the form of an analytical grid, structured into seven sections, each of them representing a key feature of the ‘transformative innovation’ approach where the features are understood as essential conditions for the design and implementation of CCA strategies with this high level of ambition. Each section sets out the main question(s) to be addressed in relation to its respective transformative innovation feature. This report provides the findings for the region of Norte, Portugal, as at November 2023, and is the result of a collaboration between the Joint Research Centre (JRC), DG CLIMA and DG RTD. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc137321&r= |
| By: | Manitra Rakotomena; Olivia Ricci |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tep:teppwp:wp24-03&r= |
| By: | Laura Wangen (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Cédric Clastres (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Cost allocation is a crucial element in Energy Communities due to shared distributed energy resources between members. This review examines current and emerging methods before identifying challenges and future trends to ensure fair and stable sharing mechanisms among members while improving the overall feasibility of Energy Communities. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04575008&r= |
| By: | Éric Vansteenberghe |
| Abstract: | This research introduces a novel supervisory tool, the Pioneers Detection Method, aimed at enhancing resilience in insurance markets dealing with the uncertainties of climate change. The paper builds on a theoretical model of the insurance market, where independent experts set premiums based on their individual risk evaluations. The segmented nature of the private insurance market slows the estimations of the tail parameter of the loss distribution, and there's no direct way to eliminate bias, as extreme events are infrequent. The proposed supervisory tool uses temporal changes to consolidate expert opinions, pinpointing those who rapidly and accurately identify extreme climate-related events. The effectiveness of the Pioneers Detection Method is affirmed through a series of simulations, where it surpasses traditional pooling methods within a Bayesian framework. This supervisory approach also proves to be the most beneficial in improving welfare in a fragmented insurance market comprised of a few private insurance companies. <p> Ce papier introduit une méthode de supervision novatrice, la Méthode de Détection des Pionniers, visant à renforcer la résilience du marché d'assurance face aux incertitudes du changement climatique. L'article s'appuie sur un modèle théorique du marché de l'assurance, où des experts indépendants fixent les primes en fonction de leurs évaluations individuelles des risques. La nature segmentée du marché de l'assurance privée ralentit les estimations du paramètre de queue de la distribution des pertes, et il n'y a pas de moyen direct d'éliminer les biais, car les événements extrêmes sont rares. L'outil de supervision proposé utilise des changements temporels pour consolider les opinions d'experts, en identifiant ceux qui repèrent rapidement et avec précision les événements climatiques extrêmes. L'efficacité de la Méthode de Détection des Pionniers est confirmée par une série de simulations, où elle surpasse les méthodes de regroupement traditionnelles dans un cadre bayésien. Cette approche de supervision s'avère également être la plus bénéfique pour améliorer le bien être dans un marché d'assurance fragmenté composé de quelques compagnies d'assurance privées. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, insurance market stability, opinion pooling; Changement Climatique, stabilité du marché de l’assurance, agrégation des expertises |
| JEL: | G22 G28 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bfr:decfin:43&r= |
| By: | Allan Hsiao; Jacob Moscona; Karthik Sastry |
| Abstract: | Do governments systematically intervene in agricultural markets in response to climate shocks? If so, what are the aggregate and distributional consequences? We construct a global dataset of agricultural policies and extreme heat exposure by country and crop since 1980. We find that extreme heat shocks to domestic production lead to increased consumer assistance. This effect is persistent, primarily implemented via border policies, and stronger in election years when politicians are particularly responsive to constituent demands. Shocks to foreign production lead to increased producer assistance, consistent with policymakers' targeting redistribution rather than price stabilization. Interpreted via a model, the estimates imply that policy responses almost fully stabilize prices in shocked markets, reducing losses to domestic consumers by 97% while increasing those to domestic producers and foreign consumers by 55% and 105%, respectively. Responsive policy exacerbates overall welfare losses from projected end-of-century climate shocks by 14%. |
| JEL: | Q18 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32539&r= |
| By: | Liao, Yanjun (Penny) (Resources for the Future); Sølvsten, Simon; Whitlock, Zachary (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the impact of disaster experiences on communities’ engagement in risk mitigation actions, focusing on flooding in the United States. We measure risk mitigation actions using communities’ scores in the Community Rating System, an incentive program that scores flood preparedness and mitigation activities and rewards communities with flood insurance premium discounts. Leveraging a panel of communities from 1998 to 2019, we find a significant increase in risk mitigation activities following flood events, in both participation rates and intensity of actions. The effects continue to increase up to 10 years. Communities with greater capacity, particularly those in urban areas, exhibit a much stronger response. The findings highlight the adaptive capacity of communities but also raise several concerns regarding the inefficiency of disaster-driven responses and inequitable outcomes across communities. |
| Date: | 2024–06–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-24-08&r= |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | The Rwandan economy continues its robust growth, notwithstanding the challenging external environment, repeated shocks, and ongoing fiscal consolidation. Headline inflation decelerated sharply in recent months owing to appropriately tight monetary policy stance and favorable developments in food prices. However, contractionary effects of the ongoing fiscal consolidation are still expected to materialize, and risks remain tilted to the downside. Policies supported by the PCI/SCF provide a valuable anchor for efforts to safeguard macroeconomic and external stability, address the short-run balance of payments needs arising from climate-related shocks, advance developmental objectives, and improve resilience. The ownership on the climate agenda under the RSF remains strong, with efforts to accelerate development of a credible pipeline of green projects bringing first results. |
| Date: | 2024–05–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2024/141&r= |
| By: | Tait, Scott |
| Abstract: | Since the end of the Second World War, the United States has been the pre-eminent naval power and ultimate guarantor of global maritime security. It has also been one of the primary beneficiaries of the global maritime economic system, which in turn resourced its naval strength and increased the incentive to use that strength to protect the freedom of the seas. But a number of global changes, all likely beyond the United States’ control, are driving new dynamics in both security and economics in the maritime domain. These challenges include the return of great power competition at sea, the maritime consequences of climate change, increased pollution, the rapid rise of illicit trade and resource exploitation, and the erosion of maritime governance. These challenges are dynamic and inter-related—a change in one will often drive second and third order changes in the others. The United States has proven historically to be resilient and adaptive in the face of great challenges, and the maritime community has traditionally been a leader in innovation, collaboration, and positive-sum solutions. To meet the challenges of today and tomorrow, the United States should double down on those strengths, and work with allies to maintain and strengthen the rules-based international maritime system. Moreover, the United States should be a leader in envisioning changes to that system that will ensure it equitably meets the needs of all, accounts for the changes being driven by climate change and pollution, and anticipates a near-term future where autonomous systems will play a major role in the ecosystem. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, maritime security, naval power, climate changes, maritime governance, maritime economics |
| Date: | 2023–06–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:globco:qt9cc6x9zw&r= |
| By: | Anna Valero; John Van Reenen |
| Abstract: | The collapse in productivity growth underlies many of the problems of the UK economy - from squeezed public services to stagnant living standards. Productivity growth in the UK has been weak relative to its own past and to its international peers. Improving productivity is the only route to sustainable improvements in overall growth and living standards. |
| Keywords: | Election2024, Productivity, UK Economy, Green Growth, growth |
| Date: | 2024–06–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepeap:057&r= |
| By: | Debnath, Pabitra; Dinda, Soumyananda |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the risk-return spectrum of investment for going green and sustainability practice in India. This paper analyses three sustainability focused index from Indian equity market viz. S&P BSE GREENEX, S&P BSE CARBONEX and S&P BSE ESG 100. Statistical and financial rates, ratios and latest five-factor model of asset pricing are used for the said purpose. ESG 100 index turned out to be outperformer whereas the other two gave slightly less return than the market benchmark. Volatility is found to be similar to that of the market for all the indexes. Significant increment of wealth of green investors during and after the COVID-19 pandemic period is another notable finding of the study. Results of this paper indicate that investors are getting more return compared to market if they invest in stocks that perform well in sustainability criterion. |
| Keywords: | Beta, CAGR, Carbon neutrality, Five-factor model, Jensen’s Alpha, Sustainability, Sharpe Ratio, Treynor Ratio, S&P BSE GREENEX, S&P BSE CARBONEX, S&P BSE ESG 100 |
| JEL: | C20 G20 M14 M21 Q42 |
| Date: | 2022–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121116&r= |
| By: | Reetwika Basu; Eric Anderson; Chinmay Deval; Kelsey Herndon; Amanda Markert; Lena Pransky; Emil Cherrington; Aparna Phalke; Alqamah Sayeed |
| Abstract: | In an era where informed decision-making is paramount for sustainable development and effective resource management, the role of Earth observations (EO) in shaping economic landscapes cannot be overstated. EO, facilitated by satellites, sensors, and data analytics, is a cornerstone for evidence-based policymaking, risk mitigation, and resource allocation. SERVIR is a joint initiative of US Agency for International Development and NASA. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of relevant economic impact assessment (EIA) work, summarizes SERVIRs potential interests in EIA, and identifies how and where EIA could improve how SERVIR quantifies and communicates the impact of its services. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2405.15672&r= |
| By: | Bohoslavsky, Juan Pablo; Cantamutto, Francisco |
| Abstract: | Este artículo analiza la compleja relación circular que existe entre la crisis de deuda soberana y el cambio climático en Argentina, con particular énfasis en cómo la insuficiencia de divisas, resultado del enorme peso del servicio de la deuda, impulsa un modelo exportador extractivista que tensiona con los compromisos ambientales del país. El artículo demuestra que el sobreendeudamiento del Estado argentino tiene una relación profunda e interdependiente con dos factores, la especialización productiva-extractiva y la nula inversión para revertir el cambio climático, que, a su vez, registran un impacto negativo sobre el medio ambiente, en particular sobre el calentamiento global. |
| Keywords: | Deuda Pública; Cambio Climático; Especialización de la Producción; Argentina; |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4109&r= |
| By: | Ndrianja Ramangasalama (Université de Toliara, 2M - Mpikaroky Misafiry - Université de Toliara); Salohy Vololondramasy (2M - Mpikaroky Misafiry - Université de Toliara, Université de Toliara - Université de Toliara); Mahata Phytéas Zafimitsiry (Université de Toliara - Université de Toliara, 2M - Mpikaroky Misafiry - Université de Toliara); Louisétinah Nandrasa Soaniriko (Université de Toliara - Université de Toliara, 2M - Mpikaroky Misafiry - Université de Toliara); Agnès Raïssa Andrianivoniaina (Université de Toliara - Université de Toliara, 2M - Mpikaroky Misafiry - Université de Toliara) |
| Keywords: | Changement Climatique |
| Date: | 2023–02–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04566533&r= |
| By: | Jean-Philippe Meloche; Brigitte Milord |
| Abstract: | In a CIRANO report published in October 2023, Jean-Philippe Meloche and co-authors proposed a tax on the ecological footprint of land use. In this new study, Jean-Philippe Meloche and Brigitte Milord are interested in the impact such a tax could have on non-residential activities and on inequalities between households and on regional disparities. Their results show that the tax on the ecological footprint of land use is relevant to industrial and commercial properties. Despite the high level of mineralization of these properties, their tax burden remains modest in proportion to the economic activities taking place there. As for institutional activities, the application of the eco-fiscal measure creates governance challenges. Even though it seems difficult to subject government properties to ecofiscal measures, the amount of the tax should at least be disclosed to them in order to promote more environmentally friendly management of those properties. In the residential sector, the eco-tax measure is working well for nearly 99% of properties across Quebec. Finally, the tax burden seems relatively neutral in relation to household incomes and penalizes mainly the least dense modes of occupancy. The application of a rural-friendly rate grid appears relevant for residential properties due to disparities in the tax burden and the lower value of the reference rural ecosystem. However, it would be important to have buffer zones around urban areas with declining rates in order to prevent the spread between rural and urban rates from becoming an incentive to spread out. Dans un rapport CIRANO publié en octobre 2023, Jean-Philippe Meloche et coauteurs proposaient la mise en place d'une taxe sur l'empreinte écologique de l'occupation du sol. Dans cette nouvelle étude, Jean-Philippe Meloche et Brigitte Milord s'intéressent à l'impact que pourrait avoir une telle taxe sur les activités non résidentielles et sur les inégalités entre les ménages et sur les disparités régionales. Leurs résultats montrent que la taxe sur l'empreinte écologique de l'occupation du sol est pertinente pour les propriétés industrielles et commerciales. Malgré le haut niveau de minéralisation de ces propriétés, leur charge fiscale demeure modeste en proportion des activités économiques qui s'y déroulent. Quant aux activités institutionnelles, l'application de la mesure d'écofiscalité engendre des défis de gouvernance. Même s'il semble difficile de soumettre les propriétés gouvernementales à la mesure d'écofiscalité, le montant de la taxe devrait au moins leur être révélé de manière à favoriser une gestion plus écologique de ces propriétés. Dans le secteur résidentiel, la mesure d'écofiscalité fonctionne bien pour près de 99 % des propriétés à l'échelle du Québec. Enfin, la charge fiscale semble relativement neutre par rapport aux revenus des ménages et elle pénalise surtout les modes d'occupation qui sont les moins denses. L'application d'une grille de taux adaptée aux régions rurales paraît pertinente pour les propriétés résidentielles en raison des disparités dans la charge fiscale et de la valeur plus faible de l'écosystème de référence en milieu rural. Il serait cependant important d'avoir des zones tampons autour des milieux urbains avec des taux dégressifs afin d'éviter que l'écart entre les taux ruraux et urbains ne devienne un incitatif à l'étalement. |
| Keywords: | Ecofiscality, Land use, Ecosystem services, Industrial properties, Regional disparities, Quebec, Ãcofiscalité, Occupation du sol, Services écosystémiques, Propriétés industrielles, Disparités régionales, Québec |
| Date: | 2024–06–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirpro:2024rp-07&r= |
| By: | Adam, Brigitte; Baumann, Stefan; Eichfuss, Silas; Eichhorn, Sebastian; Jansen, Hendrik; Kötter, Theo; Rohde, Natascha; Schürholt, Kerstin; Stielike, Jan Matthias; Terfrüchte, Thomas; Wilberz, Johannes |
| Abstract: | Das anhaltende Wachstum der Siedlungs- und Verkehrsfläche gehört zu den noch nicht bewältigten Herausforderungen einer nachhaltigen Stadt- und Raumentwicklung. Zu den negativen Effekten der Flächenneuinanspruchnahme zählen der Verlust von offener Landschaft, Landwirtschaftsflächen und ökologischen Habitaten, die Beeinträchtigung von Ökosystemdienstleistungen sowie steigende Folgekosten für Infrastrukturen und Leistungen der Daseinsvorsorge. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat die Bundesregierung das Ziel formuliert, die Flächeninanspruchnahme bis 2030 auf unter 30 Hektar je Tag und bis 2050 in Übereinstimmung mit der Zielsetzung der Europäischen Kommission auf netto-null zu reduzieren. Zwar wurden in den zurückliegenden Jahren durchaus Erfolge im Flächenschutz erzielt. Der Druck auf den Wohnungsmärkten in den wachsenden Großstädten hat jedoch eine gegenläufige Entwicklung ausgelöst. In jedem Fall sollten die Erfolge nicht darüber hinwegtäuschen, dass bislang lediglich eine Begrenzung des Zuwachses erreicht wurde. Ein Flächenverbrauch von netto-null setzt eine Flächenkreislaufwirtschaft voraus, die nicht nur quantitativ, sondern auch qualitativ neue Wege im Flächenschutz beschreitet. Um auf veränderte Anforderungen an die Siedlungsstruktur und Verkehrsinfrastruktur reagieren zu können, wird es auch künftig nötig sein, Flächen neu in Anspruch zu nehmen. Unter den Bedingungen einer Flächenkreislaufwirtschaft ist dies nur möglich, wenn gleichzeitig an anderer Stelle im identischen Umfang Siedlungs- und Verkehrsflächen an Natur und Landschaft zurückgegeben werden. Eine Flächenkreislaufwirtschaft kann zudem nur Erfolg haben, wenn die Innenentwicklung und hier insbesondere die Wiedernutzbarmachung von Flächen weiter massiv gestärkt wird. |
| Abstract: | The continuing growth of settlement and transport areas is one of the challenges of sustainable urban and spatial development yet to be solved. The negative effects of land take-up include the loss of open landscape, agricultural land and ecological habitats, the impairment of ecosystem services and rising follow-up costs for infrastructures and services of general interest. Against this background, the German government has formulated the goal of reducing land take-up to less than 30 hectares per day by 2030 and, in line with the European Commission's target, to net zero by 2050. In recent years, there have been remarkable successes in land protection. However, the pressure on the housing markets in the growing metropolitan areas has triggered a development in the opposite direction. In any case, the successes should not obscure the fact that so far only a limitation of the growth has been achieved. Net zero land consumption presupposes a circular land economy that breaks new ground in land conservation, not only quantitatively but also qualitatively. In order to be able to react to changing demands on settlement structure and transport infrastructure, it will continue to be necessary to use up land in the future. Under the conditions of a circular land economy, this is only possible if, at the same time, settlement and transport areas are returned to nature and landscape in the same size elsewhere. Moreover, a circular land economy can only be successful if brownfield development, and in particular the reuse of land, continues to be massively strengthened. |
| Keywords: | Flächenkreislaufwirtschaft, Innenentwicklung, flächensparendes Bauen, Flächenrückgabe, netto-null, 30 Hektar, Flächenverbrauch, Circular land economy, Inner development, Space-saving construction, Return of land, Net zero, 30 hectares, Land consumption |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:arlpos:297981&r= |
| By: | Nuria Moratal (LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - Nantes Univ - IAE Nantes - Nantes Université - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sociétés - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université) |
| Abstract: | Pendant la phase d'émergence, les écosystèmes d'innovation – des groupes d'acteurs hétérogènes indépendants, mais interdépendants qui s'engagent dans une action collective pour créer conjointement de la valeur – doivent convaincre leurs membres de contribuer collectivement à un objectif commun. Pour que cela se produise, l'écosystème doit acquérir une légitimité, c'est-à-dire qu'il doit établir l'acceptabilité, la plausibilité et la crédibilité de l'objectif commun, qui est souvent une proposition de valeur. Nous postulons que si acquérir une légitimité est difficile, survivre au processus d'émergence l'est davantage. La plupart des écosystèmes perdront probablement leur légitimité à un moment donné et, si l'on veut que cette légitimité soit durable, l'écosystème doit faire face à cette épreuve et trouver des moyens de la récupérer. À l'aide d'une étude de cas longitudinale d'un écosystème de mobilité hydrogène, cet article examine empiriquement le phénomène d'acquisition de la légitimité de l'écosystème. Nos résultats révèlent l'existence de trois types de processus en interaction qui se produisent au sein de l'écosystème et qui contribuent à construire une légitimité durable : la préparation à une légitimité résiliente, la surveillance de l'affaiblissement de la légitimité et la récupération de la légitimité. De plus, nous montrons que le renforcement de la résilience pour la légitimité est un outil clé sur lequel l'écosystème peut compter pour survivre malgré une grande incertitude, car il répond à la perte de crédibilité parmi ses membres. Enfin, nous observons que l'orchestration a un rôle crucial à jouer dans les processus de légitimation. Nous soutenons que l'orchestration devrait aborder non seulement la coordination des actions et des ressources pour répondre à la demande des consommateurs, mais également la perception qu'ont les membres de l'écosystème de son objectif et l'évolution de ces perceptions. |
| Keywords: | Legitimacy, Ecosystem, légitimité, écosystème, innovation, hydrogène |
| Date: | 2023–06–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04576522&r= |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Despite headwinds from the war in Ukraine, the Maldives’ economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic has shown resilience. The cyclical rebound and still favorable economic outlook provide an opportunity for the Maldives to address its large fiscal and external vulnerabilities. This calls for immediate policy actions to rebuild economic resilience and reduce debt to a sustainable level. Given that the Maldives is highly vulnerable to climate change, early actions to rein in debt vulnerabilities will help support the Maldives’ efforts to scale up the much-needed climate adaptation investments in a resource constrained context. |
| Date: | 2024–05–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2024/106&r= |
| By: | Emmanouil Pikoulis; Ioannis Vardakastanis; Evika Karamagioli; Evangelia Kallimani; Eleni-Panagiota Stoupa |
| Abstract: | This research paper responds to the urgent need for comprehensive national data on the impact of natural disasters and the concurrent COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities (PWDs) in Greece. Conducted with 1, 006 participants, including PWDs and caregivers, the study employs an online survey to glean insights into their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic and perceptions of inclusion in disaster preparedness and management. Filling a significant gap in national data, this marks the first survey undertaken in the aftermath of the pandemic and recent natural disasters in Greece, focusing on disability-inclusive approaches. The study’s results reveal a moderate level of implementation of disaster preparedness measures, but a strong desire for training education and inclusive strategies, indicating a significant opportunity to enhance community readiness. Feedback and recommendations from a focus group of 20 participants, including Disabled People’s Organizations (DPOs) professionals and PWDs, further enrich the study. The findings aspire to contribute information to update Greek national policies, emphasizing inclusivity as a fundamental aspect of emergency preparedness, particularly amid a polycrisis. The paper addresses the COVID-19 as a health disaster. |
| Keywords: | Disasters, COVID-19 pandemic, People with Disabilities (PWDs), Disaster Risk Management (DRM), Disability inclusive, Greek national policies |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hel:greese:197&r= |
| By: | Gerlagh, Reyer (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management); Smulders, Sjak (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management) |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiutis:118dbefb-e259-4d8d-ba11-c5f6c3cea3ea&r= |
| By: | Patrick Criqui (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Le début des années vingt marquera certainement un tournant dans le XXIème siècle. Tournant dans le cours du processus de globalisation qui s'était déployé à partir des années 90 du siècle précédent et, plus récemment, tournant du retour brutal de la géopolitique sur la scène internationale. La montée des populismes, la crise du COVID, l'invasion de l'Ukraine vont marquer l'évolution de la société mondiale et probablement pour longtemps. Dans « l'après » de ces évènements, peu de choses resteront inchangées. |
| Keywords: | Politiques climatiques internationales, Géopolitique |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04578195&r= |
| By: | Lacaze, María Victoria; Melo Contreras, Oscar |
| Abstract: | La pesca desempeña un rol clave en el sistema alimentario mundial y en el proceso de desarrollo económico. Gracias a la expansión de la oferta de productos pesqueros y de su comercio, el crecimiento del consumo global ha permitido mejorar la calidad de las dietas en todo el mundo. Pero en un entorno productivo cada vez más globalizado y deslocalizado, surgen mayores necesidades de información sobre la calidad de los insumos de la cadena de oferta. Las certificaciones ambientales establecidas mediante sistemas de eco-etiquetado, son los estándares de calidad más importantes del sector pesquero. El capítulo reseña parcialmente la investigación realizada por la autora para acceder al grado de Doctora en Economía, abordando el cambio de paradigma en la ordenación pesquera que ha impulsado la adopción de modelos de gestión basados en instrumentos de mercado, presentando la situación actual en los países del Cono Sur de América Latina y reflexionando en torno a los aspectos que deberían ser considerados en la definición de políticas públicas orientadas a la expansión de los esquemas de eco-etiquetado como oportunidad de desarrollo pesquero regional. |
| Keywords: | Recursos Pesqueros; Productos Pesqueros; Certificación; Comercio Mundial; América Latina; |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:4107&r= |
| By: | Nuria Moratal (Nantes Univ - Nantes Université, LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - Nantes Univ - IAE Nantes - Nantes Université - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sociétés - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université); Anne-Lorène Vernay (GEM Recherche - EESC-GEM Grenoble Ecole de Management); Carine Sebi (GEM Recherche - EESC-GEM Grenoble Ecole de Management) |
| Abstract: | This paper analysis the emergence of asset-intensive ecosystems. These ecosystems have been largely overlooked in the literature despite their potential contribution to sustainability transition. The paper presents four inherent characteristics of these ecosystems- supply and demand uncertainty, capital intensive, prone to technological lock-in and geographically anchored. It argues that these characteristics strongly influence how these ecosystems emerge. Using the case of the emergence of a regional ecosystem around hydrogen mobility, this paper shows that processes of ecosystem emergence are influenced by two dimensions: a temporal dimension and a spatial dimension. It also discusses a key dilemma for these emerging ecosystems which is to juggle between path creation and path dependence. |
| Keywords: | business ecosystem emergence infrastructure hydrogen Annecy 31 mai -3 juin 2022, business ecosystem, emergence, infrastructure, hydrogen Annecy, 31 mai -3 juin 2022 |
| Date: | 2022–05–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04577068&r= |
| By: | Fischer, Andreas |
| Abstract: | Der Energiesektor hat im vergangenen Jahr erneut seine Klimaziele erreicht. Beim CO2-Abdruck der Stromversorgung liegt Deutschland innerhalb Europas allerdings noch zurück. Zuträglich ist dem Klimaschutz, dass Deutschland im letzten Jahr zum Netto-Stromimporteur geworden ist. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwkkur:297233&r= |
| By: | Julia Pargmann; Florian Berding |
| Abstract: | Sustainability in accounting and controlling has traditionally been understood in terms of securing the long-term existence of companies. However, with the introduction of integrated non-financial reporting, sustainability, as per the triple bottom line model, is increasingly being discussed as a component of accounting and controlling. Yet, integration primarily occurs in separate sustainability management and controlling departments. Moreover, the implementation of sustainability efforts requires suitably qualified employees, who drive the transition. The academic discourse surrounding sustainability in businesses in general, and in accounting and controlling specifically, is complex. It remains unclear to what extent sustainability has been integrated into accounting and controlling, and what competencies employees need to manage this transformation. These questions will be critically analyzed in this structured literature review of 79 publications. The results provide insights into a) how companies conceptualize sustainability, b) whether and how they integrate it into their value creation processes, and c) the relevance of accounting and controlling for these developments. To contextualize the role of employees, the competency requirements within companies will be analyzed to enable employees in accounting and controlling to engage effectively in sustainability-oriented activities. Specifically, implications for changes in curricula with a focus on accounting and controlling are derived. |
| Date: | 2024–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2406.02314&r= |
| By: | Dany Brouillette; Tessa Devakos |
| Abstract: | Nous proposons un outil qui décompose la croissance de la PTF en contributions sectorielles. L’analyse intègre trois facteurs structurels – la numérisation, le vieillissement de la population et les politiques climatiques – et mesure leur impact respectif. Dans l’ensemble, nous nous attendons à ce que la croissance globale de la PTF ralentisse dans les années 2020 et soit inférieure à la moyenne historique ainsi qu’à la moyenne des années 2010. |
| Keywords: | Changements climatiques; Marchés du travail; Numérisation; Productivité |
| JEL: | D24 J11 O33 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bca:bocsan:24-12fr&r= |
| By: | Nuria Moratal (LEMNA - Laboratoire d'économie et de management de Nantes Atlantique - Nantes Univ - IAE Nantes - Nantes Université - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sociétés - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université); Anne-Lorène Vernay (GEM Recherche - EESC-GEM Grenoble Ecole de Management); Carine Sebi (GEM Recherche - EESC-GEM Grenoble Ecole de Management) |
| Keywords: | ecosystem, legitimacy, alignment, resilience, orchestration |
| Date: | 2022–06–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04576641&r= |
| By: | Aymeric Ricome (UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, JRC - European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Seville]); Jesus Barreiro-Hurle (JRC - European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Seville]); Cheickh Sadibou Fall (ISRA - Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar]) |
| Abstract: | Most Sub-Saharan countries implement input subsidy programs (ISPs) in an attempt to increase fertilizer use, crop yields and farmers' income and to improve household food security. Senegal is no exception and has had an ISP in place for the last 15 years. This article assesses how access to subsidized fertilizer under the ISP is associated with changes in fertilizer and manure use and gross margin. Using household-level data from two agroecological zones, we employ an endogenous switching regression framework to control for the potential endogeneity of access to subsidized fertilizer. We find that access to subsidized fertilizer is associated with an increase in the total use of fertilizer of +39 % but also with a reduction in the use of commercial fertilizer of 18 %. Access to subsidized fertilizer is also associated with a reduction in the likelihood of using manure of 5 % and an increase in farmers' total gross margin of 11 %. Results are heterogeneous across agroecological zones, with a strong crowding-out of commercial fertilizer where widely available to farmers. In this case, revising the design of the ISP could lead to improved efficiency. |
| Keywords: | Fertilizer subsidies, Crowding-out, Endogenous switching regression, Senegal, Fertilizer subsidies Crowding-out Endogenous switching regression Senegal |
| Date: | 2024–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04586374&r= |
| By: | Dasgupta, Partha; Besley, Timothy |
| Abstract: | This conversation with Sir Partha Dasgupta, moderated by Annual Review of Economics Editorial Commitee Member Tim Besley, focuses on biodiversity and its implications for economic thought and policy. A video of this interview is available online at https://www.annualreviews.org/r/partha_d asgupta_interview. |
| Keywords: | asset management; biodiversity; development; economic theory; growth; inclusive wealth |
| JEL: | B41 D62 E61 F11 J11 Q21 |
| Date: | 2023–09–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:123495&r= |
| By: | Clemens Stiewe; Alice Lixuan Xu; Anselm Eicke; Lion Hirth |
| Abstract: | The average revenue, or market value, of wind and solar energy tends to fall with increasing market shares, as is now evident across European electricity markets. At the same time, these markets have become more interconnected. In this paper, we empirically study the multiple cross-border effects on the value of renewable energy: on one hand, interconnection is a flexibility resource that allows to export energy when it is locally abundant, benefitting renewables. On the other hand, wind and solar radiation are correlated across space, so neighboring supply adds to the local one to depress domestic prices. We estimate both effects, using spatial panel regression on electricity market data from 2015 to 2023 from 30 European bidding zones. We find that domestic wind and solar value is not only depressed by domestic, but also by neighboring renewables expansion. The better interconnected a market is, the smaller the effect of domestic but the larger the effect of neighboring renewables. While wind value is stabilized by interconnection, solar value is not. If wind market share increases both at home and in neighboring markets by one percentage point, the value factor of wind energy is reduced by just above 1 percentage points. For solar, this number is almost 4 percentage points. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2405.17166&r= |