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on Environmental Economics |
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Issue of 2024‒02‒12
eighty-two papers chosen by Francisco S. Ramos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
| By: | Kimon Keramidas (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, LPSC - Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie - IN2P3 - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Silvana Mima (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Adrien Bidaud (LPSC - Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie - IN2P3 - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | The steel sector represents a growing share of global carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions and is perceived as a hardto-abate sector in the drive towards economy-wide decarbonisation. We present a model detailing steel demand and multiple steel production pathways within a larger global multi-regional energy system simulation model, projecting material, energy and emissions flows to 2100. We examine decarbonisation levels and options under different assumptions on climate policy, technologies and steel demand patterns, and study low-carbon options in the production of hydrogen as a steel decarbonisation vector. Global steel demand increases at a decelerated pace compared to the past two decades (+65 % in 2050 compared to 2020), driven by substantial increases in the underlying socioeconomic conditions. Climate policies lead to a limited positive feedback effect on steel demand (+21 % in 2050) due a faster equipment turnover and higher electrification, which could be overcompensated by energy saving and material efficiency measures. Increased recycling and strong electrification (up to 63 % of production in 2050) are projected as key levers towards decreasing emissions, made possible thanks to the increasing availability of steel scrap. Strong climate policies would be needed to push the steel sector to decarbonise fully, with electrification, carbon capture, biomass and hydrogen all contributing. Carbon capture would be necessary to reach net-zero emissions in the second half of the century. |
| Keywords: | Iron and steel, Climate mitigation, Industry decarbonisation, Energy system model, Integrated assessment model |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04383385&r=env |
| By: | Adel Ben Youssef (UCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Mounir Dahmani (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Côte d'Azur, UGAF - Université de Gafsa - Sidi Ahmed Zarroug) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the dynamic relationships between digitalization, environmental tax revenues, and energy resource capacity within the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), focusing on their combined impact on environmental quality. It employs a cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach, an advanced technique for complex panel data that is specifically designed to address issues of cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity inherent in panel data analysis. The research covers 88 countries, including both low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs), to understand how digitalization, as a driving force of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, interacts with environmental taxation and energy resource management to affect greenhouse gas emissions. The results reveal distinct effects of environmental taxes and energy capacity on environmental quality, with marked differences between LMICs and HICs. In HICs, technological progress, especially in information and communication technology (ICT), is found to contribute significantly to environmental quality. For LMICs, the effects are less evident, and the findings suggest the need for tailored strategies in environmental policy and energy management. By providing empirical evidence on the differential impacts of digitalization and energy policies in different economic contexts, this research enriches the environmental economics discourse. It highlights the need for policy frameworks tailored to specific contexts that effectively balance economic growth with sustainable development goals, thereby providing insightful implications for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). |
| Keywords: | ICT, environmental taxes, energy resource capacity, environmental sustainability, developing countries, developed countries, CS-ARDL, DCCEMG, AMG |
| Date: | 2024–01–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04374125&r=env |
| By: | Kuosmanen, Natalia; Kuosmanen, Timo; Maczulskij, Terhi; Zhou, Xun |
| Abstract: | Abstract This study investigates the least-cost decarbonization pathways in the Finnish electricity generation industry in order to achieve the national carbon neutrality goal by 2035. Various abatement measures, such as downscaling production, capital investment, increasing labor and intermediate inputs are considered. The marginal abatement costs (MACs) of greenhouse gas emissions are estimated using the convex quantile regression method and applied to unique register-based firm-level greenhouse gas emission data merged with financial statement data. We adjust the MAC estimates for the sample selection bias caused by zero-emission firms by applying the two-stage Heckman correction. Our empirical findings reveal that the median MAC ranges from 0.1 to 3.5 euros per tonne of CO2 equivalent. The projected economic cost of a 90% reduction in emissions is 62 million euros, while the estimated cost of achieving zero emissions is 83 million euros. |
| Keywords: | Abatement cost, Convex quantile regression, Forward-looking assessment, Climate policy, Decarbonization pathways |
| JEL: | O44 Q43 Q51 Q52 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–01–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:wpaper:114&r=env |
| By: | Anderson, Anders (Mistra Center for Sustainable Markets (Misum)); Robinson, David (Fuqua School of Business, Duke University; Swedish House of Finance; NBER) |
| Abstract: | In a nationally representative sample of Swedes, we find asymmetric updating of climate change expectations driven by extreme weather exposure and political polarization. We use the updating of beliefs to analyse the development of the Swedish retirement system that went from offering relatively few fossil fuel exclusion funds to being dominated by them. We find that the revision of climate beliefs translates into action only for the financially sophisticated and the politically motivated. |
| Keywords: | Household Finance; Carbon Emissions; Sustainability; Exclusions; Retirement Savings |
| JEL: | G51 |
| Date: | 2024–01–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:hamisu:2024_015&r=env |
| By: | Raimi, Daniel (Resources for the Future); Davert, Elena; Neuenfeldt, Haley; Van Zanen, Amy; Whitlock, Zachary (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | Fossil fuels are the primary contributor to global climate change, and efforts to reach net-zero emissions will require a dramatic curtailment of their extraction and use. However, fossil fuels fund public services at all levels of government, and research has not assessed whether clean energy sources can provide similar scales of revenue. In this paper, we analyze a novel dataset that we have assembled on how fossil fuels and renewable energy contribute to local governments in 79 US counties across 10 states. Revenues from fossil fuels far outweigh renewables in aggregate terms, providing more than $1, 000 per capita annually in dozens of counties. However, wind and solar in some states generate more local public revenue than fossil fuels per unit of primary energy production. In most counties that depend heavily on fossil fuels for local revenues, solar—but not wind—has the technical potential to replace existing fossil fuel revenues, but this would require dedicating implausibly large portions of developable land (in some cases, more than half) to solar. For counties with less reliance on fossil fuels, wind and solar can more plausibly replace fossil fuel revenue streams. This finding suggests that while renewable energy will provide new revenue streams for communities, fossil fuel–dependent regions will need to build new tax bases well beyond wind and solar, develop other sources of revenue, or risk a decline in public service provision. |
| Date: | 2024–01–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-24-01&r=env |
| By: | Martin Feldkircher; Viktoriya Teliha |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we employ a keyword-assisted topic model to quantify the extent of climate-related communication of central banks. We find evidence for a significant increase in climate-related speeches by central banks, which address the topic mostly in parallel with topics on financial stability, payment innovations, and the banking sector. Price stability concerns play a minor role. Finally, we examine factors that can explain the extent of green communication by central banks. Controlling for macroeconomic and climate-related variables, we identify two external factors that can prompt central banks to prioritize climate research on their agenda: First, peer pressure, measured by membership of a working group on green financing, increases green communication. Second, a high degree of governmental climate engagement, reflected by the extent of national climate laws, is positively related to green communication by central banks. Whether the central bank has an implicit or explicit sustainability mandate, however, does not explain the extent of green communication. |
| Keywords: | central banking, climate change, narrative analysis, topic modelling |
| JEL: | E58 E61 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2024-03&r=env |
| By: | Nida Çakır Melek; Musa Orak |
| Abstract: | Mitigating climate change is critically linked to reducing an economy’s reliance on fossil energy. This paper examines U.S. energy dependence, measured by its factor share, using a neoclassical framework in a systematic way. We propose substitution as a simple, explicit economic mechanism for climate change mitigation and understanding energy-saving technical change in terms of observed factor quantities. We show that with time-varying capital equipment and energy substitutability, changes in observed inputs alone can account for most of the variations in the income share of energy over the last 60 years. Advancing the accessibility and quality of capital equipment as well as integrating the dynamic substitutability between energy and capital equipment into the design of climate policies can help economies adapt and achieve environmental policy goals. |
| Keywords: | elasticity of substitution; energy; climate change; technological change; Capital-skill complementarity |
| JEL: | E13 E23 E25 J24 Q41 Q42 Q54 Q55 |
| Date: | 2023–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedkrw:97654&r=env |
| By: | Halkos, George; Argyropoulou, Georgia |
| Abstract: | Widespread in THE literature is the conclusion that air pollution is associated with various health problems. The present study discusses two discrete Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models and two related indexes. This approach has been adopted in previous research by Halkos & Argyropoulou (2021a, 2021b, 2022). Consequently, this paper uses inputs and insights published in the above-mentioned studies to evaluate the efficiency of managing pollutant levels in terms of health status at a country level. The main objective here is to offer useful tools to researchers, so that depending on their needs they can refer to the appropriate methodology, comparing the above evaluation models and presenting their capabilities, advantages and disadvantages. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Efficiency; Mortality; DEA; Energy;ˑAir pollution; Health effects; Sustainable Development Goals; Bertelsmann Index; ˑ Distance Measure Index. |
| JEL: | C67 I10 I15 O13 O44 Q01 Q40 Q53 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119800&r=env |
| By: | Blazsek, Szabolcs Istvan; Escribano, Álvaro; Kristof, Erzsebet |
| Abstract: | The literature on sea ice predictions uses a variety of general circulation models (GCMs), which suggest diverse predictions of the date of ice-free or almost ice-free oceans, and focus mainly on the Arctic. According to the same literature, GCMs are not sensitive enough to tipping points in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), and they underestimate the sensitivity of Arctic sea ice to carbon emissions. In this paper, we use a novel time series model, named the score-driven threshold climate (SDTC) model, and we report global, Arctic, and Antarctic sea ice predictions. For the SDTC model, the estimations are computationally less demanding than those of the GCMs. We combine long-run 1, 000-year frequency climate data from 798, 000 to 1, 000 years ago, and short-run annual data from year 850 to year 2014. We present the evolution of long-run and short-run climate data with descriptive statistics. We estimate the SDTC model using annual data from 850 to 2014 for Arctic and Antarctic sea ice volume Ice𝑡 and Antarctic land surface temperature Temp𝑡 . We use the atmospheric CO2, 𝑡 concentration as a clustering variable to define periods of climate change. We report in-sample interval forecasts of global, Arctic, and Antarctic sea ice from 1980 to 2014. Observed global and Arctic sea ice volumes are below the forecasted interval from 2003. Observed Antarctic sea ice volume is below the forecasted interval from 2011. We report out-of-sample interval forecasts of sea ice from 2015 to 2314. The out-of-sample forecasts, 𝜇[𝜇 ± 2𝜎], indicate that if the current trend of climate change continues, then Arctic sea ice will disappear around 2058[2049, 2068], and global and Antarctic sea ice will disappear around 2174[2123, 2270]. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change; Sea Ice Volume; Atmospheric Co2 Concentration; Dynamic Conditional Score (Dcs); Generalized Autoregressive Score (Gas); General Circulation Models (Gcms) |
| JEL: | C32 C38 C51 C52 C53 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–01–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:werepe:39546&r=env |
| By: | Martina Bozzola; Emilia Lamonaca; Fabio Gaetano Santeramo |
| Abstract: | Climate change and trade are closely related. Climate may alter the comparative advantages across countries, which may in turn trigger changes in trade patterns. Trade itself may constitute an adaptation strategy, moving excesses of agri-food supply to regions with shortages, and this in turn may explain changes in land-use. We investigate these linkages, showing that the changes in climate affect counties’ trade value and contribute to reshaping trade patterns. First, we quantify the long-term impacts of climate on the value of agri-food exports, implicitly considering the ability of countries to adapt, and show that higher marginal temperatures and rainfall levels tend to be beneficial for countries’ exports. Following a gravity model approach, we then link the evolving trade patterns to climate change adaptation strategies. We find that the larger the difference in temperatures and rainfall levels between trading partners, the higher the value of bilateral exports. Furthermore, while developed and developing exporters are both sensitive to climate change and to cross-countries heterogeneity in climate, we found their responses to changes in climate to be quite diverse. |
| Keywords: | Climate normal, Climate heterogeneity, Export, Economic development |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rsc:rsceui:2023/40&r=env |
| By: | Lucas Chancel (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Philipp Bothe (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Tancrède Voituriez (IDDRI - Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Paris, Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement) |
| Abstract: | The triple climate inequality crisis, or in contributions, impacts and capacity to act within and between countries, is a central issue in addressing climate change. This Comment advocates for progressive wealth taxation as a viable solution to the finance gap. |
| Keywords: | climate change, inequality, taxation |
| Date: | 2023–12–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04385157&r=env |
| By: | Davies, Stephen; Akram, Iqra; Ali, Muhammad Tahir; Hafeez, Mohsin; Ringler, Claudia |
| Abstract: | Increasing demand for water juxtaposed with shrinking supplies will require a transfer of water resources out of agriculture into the domestic, industrial, and ideally environmental sectors. To examine the potential of policies to facilitate a release of water from agriculture, this paper uses IFPRI’s Computable General Equilibrium Model with a water extension, CGE-W, to assess the impact of commodity taxes on two highly water consumptive crops, rice and sugarcane, on water consumption and the overall economy. We find that land use grows by 1.56 million acres overall when the tax is imposed on both commodities, while 3.2-million-acre feet (MAF) of consumed water, equivalent to 6.35 MAF of water withdrawals, are released from agriculture. These outcomes are due to sugarcane’s reduced use of land over two cropping seasons and significant changes in cropping patterns. The study also examined releases of water from other possible policy measures and found that an even tax rate of 30% on sugarcane, rice and cotton yields 8.73 MAF of water from agriculture. However, with a hotter, drier climate virtually all these releases of water disappear because water must stay in agriculture due to higher evaporation and less precipitation, which raises irrigation demands. The needed policies will go beyond just taxation and might include changing cropping patterns and irrigation practices, as well as development of drought resistant varieties. Other approaches, such as buying tubewells from farmers, and developing markets for nonagricultural purchases of water, may have a role. The role of international trade in sugar and rice is shown to be significant and should be considered further in these analyses. |
| Keywords: | water security; policies; agricultural production; rice; sugar cane; water conservation; water allocation; water demand; climate change; land tax; farmland; computable general equilibrium models; PAKISTAN; SOUTH ASIA; ASIA |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2226&r=env |
| By: | Jose E. Gomez-Gonzalez (City University of New York- Lehman College (USA), Visiting Professor - Universidad de la Sabana.); Jorge M. Uribe (Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona (Spain).); Oscar M. Valencia (Fiscal Management Division, Inter-American Development Bank, Washington (USA).) |
| Abstract: | Sovereign risk exhibits significantly asymmetric reactions to its determinants across the conditional distribution of credit spreads. This aspect, previously overlooked in the literature, carries relevant policy implications. Countries with elevated risk levels are disproportionately affected by climate change vulnerability compared to their lower-risk counterparts, especially in the short term. Factors such as inflation, natural resource rents, and the debt-to-GDP ratio exert different effects between low and high-risk spreads as well. Real growth and terms of trade have a stable but modest impact across the spread distribution. Notably, investing in climate change preparedness proves effective in mitigating vulnerability to climate change, in terms of sovereign risk, particularly for countries with low spreads and long-term debt (advanced economies), where readiness and vulnerability tend to counterbalance each other. However, for countries with high spreads and short-term debt, additional measures are essential as climate change readiness alone is insufficient to offset vulnerability effects in this case. Results also demonstrate that the actual occurrence of natural disasters is less influential than vulnerability to climate change in determining spreads. |
| Keywords: | Sovereign risk; Credit risk; Panel-quantile regressions; Nonlinear dynamics; Vulnerability; Preparedness ; Disaster risk. JEL classification: F34, G15, H63, Q51, Q54. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202401&r=env |
| By: | María Teresa Reszczynski Zúñiga |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the impact that climate change has had on Chilean economic activitythrough a stochastic growth model where economic activity is affected by variations in temperature and precipitation with respect to their historical norms. For this, a regional panel is used between the first quarter of 1997 and the fourth quarter of 2019 for each of the Chilean GDP industries. The results show that climate change has negative effects on GDP. Specifically, an increase in temperature has a negative and significant impact on economic activity for the vast majority of Chile’s GDP industries. With respect to precipitation, it is found that a drop in precipitation negatively affects activity only in the Agricultural-forestry industry, revealing the heterogeneity in the impacts that climate change can generate in the Chilean economy. Additional exercises show that during the summer, the impact of higher temperatures and less precipitation on GDP is greater than in other seasons, in addition to the fact that when using maximum temperature data, the effects found in activity are exacerbated. Finally, it is found that heat waves and dry seasons exacerbate the aforementioned results. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chb:bcchwp:1002&r=env |
| By: | Arthur Boutiab (Sciences Po, Lyon, France) |
| Abstract: | Circular Economy (CE) has become increasingly influential in policy-making for the past fifteen years. Governments and institutions have seen CE as a way to achieve high levels of sustainability while maintaining GDP growth. This paper describes how waste generation and Raw materials use were modeled in the Environmentally-Extended Input-Output tables of the Eurogreen model. It also explains how Material Flow Analysis (MFA) was used to model Residual Waste Management, Closing Supply-Chains, Waste Efficiency and Material Efficiency. Through the design of several policy scenarios (Business-As-Usual, Techno-Efficiency, Cradle-to-Cradle, Circular Growth, Optimistic Circular Growth and Circular Degrowth), this paper also assesses the efficacy of different Circular Economy policies in delivering a decrease in Raw Materials Extraction and in CO2 emissions in France from 2014 to 2050. |
| Keywords: | Circular Economy, Raw Materials, Input-Output Analysis, Waste Treatment, Recycling, Ecological Economics |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:0124&r=env |
| By: | Raoul Boucekkine (Rennes School of Business, FR); Weiha Ruan (Purdue University Northwest, US); Benteng Zou (DEM, Université du Luxembourg) |
| Abstract: | We study optimal behavior under irreversible pollution risk. Ir- reversibility comes from the decay rate of pollution sharply dropping (possibly to zero) above a threshold pollution level. In addition, the economy can instantaneously move from a reversible to an irreversible pollution mode, following a Poisson process, the irreversible mode be- ing an absorbing state. The resulting non-convex optimal pollution control is therefore piecewise deterministic. First, we are able to char- acterize analytically and globally the optimal emission policy using dynamic programming. Second, we prove that for any value of the Poisson probability, the optimal emission policy leads to more pollu- tion with the irreversibility risk than without in a neighborhood of the pollution irreversibility threshold. Third, we nd that this local result does not necessarily hold if actual pollution is far enough from the irreversibility threshold. Our results enhance the importance of the avoidability of the latter threshold in the optimal economic behavior under the irreversibility risk. |
| Keywords: | "Irreversible pollution, uncertainty, piecewise deterministic, op timal behavior under risk, avoidability of the irreversible regime." |
| JEL: | Q52 C61 D81 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:luc:wpaper:23-16&r=env |
| By: | Julien Gosse; Chris CM Forman; Nicolas van Zeebroeck |
| Abstract: | Today’s world is profoundly transformed by two major revolutions. The first one is related to the sustainability transition, while the other relates to the digital transformation of our economies and societies. Recently, regions such as Europe have put the integration between these two transformations high on their agenda. A term was coined for it: the twin transition. In a nutshell, the twin transition aims at leveraging the potential of technologies such as Cloud technologies, Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to tackle the sustainability transition. |
| Keywords: | Digital Transformation, Environmental Management, Sustainability Practices, Green ICT, ICT for Green |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ict:wpaper:2013/368092&r=env |
| By: | Alessia Camplomi; Harald Fadinger; Chiara Forlati; Sabine Stillger; Ulrich J. Wagner |
| Abstract: | To prevent carbon leakage induced by unilateral carbon pricing, the EU has designed a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) that taxes imports based on their carbon content. Since estimating the carbon content of imports is very complex, CBAM will be applied only to a few emissionintensive sectors. We argue that, as a consequence of its limited applicability, CBAM is unlikely to effectively eliminate leakage. We propose a simple alternative route towards leakage prevention with significantly lower information requirements and administrative burden which can be applied to all tradable sectors: the Leakage Border Adjustment Mechanism (LBAM). LBAM offsets the cost disadvantages of domestic producers relative to foreign competitors induced by unilateral carbon pricing by implementing import tariffs and, potentially, export subsidies that hold trade constant at the level before the introduction of carbon pricing. LBAM requires knowledge only about domestic product-specific output-to-emissions elasticities and import demand and export supply elasticities but does not depend upon information on the carbon content of imports. To quantify the welfare and emission effects of LBAM and to compare it to CBAM, we simulate a unilateral carbon-price increase in the EU using a granular structural trade model with 57 countries and 121 sectors. We find that LBAM is very effective in preventing leakage, while the EU CBAM is not. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Border Adjustment, Carbon leakage, Emission trading, Carbon taxation, Trade policy |
| JEL: | F13 F64 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2024_495&r=env |
| By: | Stern, Nicholas |
| Abstract: | There is growing awareness that actions by policymakers and international organizations to reduce poverty, and those to mitigate and adapt to climate change, are inextricably linked and interwoven. This paper examines relevant academic and policy literature and evidence on this relationship and explores the potential for a new form of development that simultaneously mitigates climate change, manages its impacts, and improves the wellbeing of people in poverty. First, as a key foundation, it outlines the backdrop in basic moral philosophy, noting that climate action and poverty reduction can be motivated both by a core principle based on the right to development and by the conventional consequentialism that is standard in economics. Second, it reviews assessments of the current and potential future impacts of weakly managed climate change on the wellbeing of those in poverty, paying attention to unequal effects, including by gender. Third, it examines arguments and literature on the economic impacts of climate action and policies and how those affect the wellbeing of people in poverty, highlighting the importance of market failures, technological change, systemic dynamics of transition, and distributional effects of mitigation and adaptation. Finally, the paper surveys the current state of knowledge and understanding of how climate action and poverty reduction can be integrated in policy design, indicating where further research can contribute to a transition that succeeds in both objectives. |
| Keywords: | OUP deal |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:121231&r=env |
| By: | Braun, Alexander; Braun, Julia; Weigert, Florian |
| Abstract: | We examine if extreme weather exposure impacts firms' cost of equity. Motivated by a consumption-based asset pricing model with heterogeneous agents, we reveal the existence of an extreme weather risk premium in the cross-section of stock returns. In the period from 1995 to 2019, domestic U.S. stocks with the most negative sensitivity to thunderstorm losses earned excess returns of 6.5% p.a. over those with the most positive sensitivity. This premium can neither be explained by risk factors from standard asset pricing models nor by firm characteristics. Our results reveal a novel link between climate risk and firm value. |
| Keywords: | Extreme Weather Risk, Climate Risk, Cost of Equity, Empirical Asset Pricing |
| JEL: | C12 G01 G11 G12 G17 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cfrwps:281206&r=env |
| By: | Corina Saman |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is to use different quantile models to quantify the effect of economic growth on environmental quality measured by GHG emissions. For this purpose, panel quantile regression models were used. This study used data from World Bank for 28 developing countries for the 2003-2019 period. The results shows that the effect of GDP growth on GHG emissions is a positive effect for all quantiles and is significantly lower for the lower quantiles ( |
| Keywords: | GHG emissions, Economic Growth, Energy consumption, Financial development index, Panel quantile models |
| JEL: | Q56 O57 C23 C51 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rjr:wpiecf:231001&r=env |
| By: | Pielke, Roger Jr |
| Abstract: | For more than two decades, the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has popularized a count of weather-related disasters in the United States that it estimates have exceeded one billion dollars (inflation adjusted) in each calendar year starting in 1980. The dataset is widely cited and applied in research, assessment and invoked to justify policy in federal agencies, Congress and by the U.S. President. This paper performs an evaluation of the dataset under criteria of procedure and substance defined under NOAA’s Information Quality and Scientific Integrity policies. The evaluation finds that the “billion dollar disaster” dataset falls comprehensively short of meeting these criteria. Thus, public claims promoted by NOAA associated with the dataset and its significance are flawed and misleading. Specifically, NOAA incorrectly claims that for some types of extreme weather, the dataset demonstrates detection and attribution of changes on climate timescales. Similarly flawed are NOAA’s claims that increasing annual counts of billion dollar disasters are in part a consequence of human caused climate change. NOAA’s claims to have achieved detection and attribution are not supported by any scientific analysis that it has performed. Given the importance and influence of the dataset in science and policy, NOAA should act quickly to address this scientific integrity shortfall. |
| Date: | 2024–01–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:3yf7b&r=env |
| By: | Jonathan Colmer; Suvy Qin; John Voorheis; Reed Walker |
| Abstract: | This paper uses administrative tax records linked to Census demographic data and high-resolution measures of fine small particulate (PM2.5) exposure to study the evolution of the Black-White pollution exposure gap over the past 40 years. In doing so, we focus on the various ways in which income may have contributed to these changes using a statistical decomposition. We decompose the overall change in the Black-White PM2.5 exposure gap into (1) components that stem from rank-preserving compression in the overall pollution distribution and (2) changes that stem from a reordering of Black and White households within the pollution distribution. We find a significant narrowing of the Black-White PM2.5 exposure gap over this time period that is overwhelmingly driven by rank-preserving changes rather than positional changes. However, the relative positions of Black and White households at the upper end of the pollution distribution have meaningfully shifted in the most recent years. |
| Keywords: | air pollution, income, environmental inequality, decomposition |
| Date: | 2024–01–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1974&r=env |
| By: | John C. Whitehead; William P. Anderson, Jr; Craig E. Landry; O. Ashton Morgan |
| Abstract: | We estimate economic benefits of avoiding reductions in drinking water quality due to sea level rise accruing to North Carolina (NC) coastal tourists. Using stated preference stated preference methods data with recent coastal visitors, we find that tourists are 2%, 8%, and 11% less likely to take an overnight trip if drinking water tastes slightly, moderately, or very salty at their chosen destination. The majority of those who decline a trip would take a trip to another NC beach without water quality issues, others would take another type of trip, with a minority opting to stay home. Willingness to pay for an overnight beach trip declines with the salty taste of drinking water. We find evidence of attribute non-attendance in the stated preference data, which impacts the regression model and willingness to pay for trips. Combining economic and hydrology models, annual aggregate welfare losses due to low drinking water quality could be as high as $401 million, $656 million and $1.02 billion in 2040, 2060 and 2080. Key Words: Attribute non-attendance, barrier-island aquifers, sea-level rise, stated preference, tourism |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:apl:wpaper:24-01&r=env |
| By: | Paulo M. M. Rodrigues; Mirjam Salish; Nazarii Salish |
| Abstract: | Climate (change) affects the prices of goods and services in different countries or regions differently. Simply relying on aggregate measures or summary statistics, such as the impact of average country temperature changes on HICP headline inflation, conceals a large heterogeneity across (sub-)sectors of the economy. Additionally, the impact of a weather anomaly on consumer prices depends not only on its sign and magnitude, but also on its location and the size of the area affected by the shock. This is especially true for larger countries or regions with diverse climate zones, since the geographical distribution of climatic effects plays a role in shaping economic outcomes. Using time series data of geolocations, we demonstrate that relying solely on country averages fails to adequately capture and explain the influence of weather on consumer prices in the euro area. We conclude that the information content hidden in rich and complex surface data can provide valuable insights into the role of weather and climate variables for price stability, and more generally may help to inform economic policy. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2401.03740&r=env |
| By: | Simshauser, P. |
| Abstract: | Scaling-up Variable Renewable Energy will face critical bottlenecks vis-a-vis requisite transmission hosting capacity. Network developments must navigate the complexity of encroaching on private land, risk disturbing sites of cultural significance, compete with other environmental (i.e. biodiversity) objectives, and endure backlash from directly affected communities. Transmission is costly and post-pandemic supply-chain constraints are sending equipment costs higher. Given time and cost risks, existing transmission networks and successful augmentations need to function at their outer operating envelope. In this article, a Renewable Energy Zone (REZ) is examined by comparing static and real-time dynamic line ratings. Historically, static line ratings in the Queensland region of Australia’s National Electricity Market reflected the still, hot conditions that characterised critical event maximum demand days. Widespread take-up rates of rooftop solar PV has shifted maximum (grid-supplied) demand to the late-afternoon when wind speeds are rising, which also provides thermal cooling to transmission lines. Optimisation modelling suggests a shift from static to dynamic line ratings for a reference 275kV radial REZ in Queensland can increase wind hosting capacity from ~1700MW to more than 2800MW with limited change in the asset base. Dynamically adjusting Frequency Control Ancillary Services further increases VRE hosting capacity. |
| Keywords: | Renewable Energy Zones, Dynamic Line ratings, Frequency Control Ancillary Services, Variable Renewable Energy |
| JEL: | D52 D53 G12 L94 Q40 |
| Date: | 2023–12–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2362&r=env |
| By: | Ergen, Timur; Schmitz, Luuk |
| Abstract: | Decarbonization requires the winding down of - economically - fully viable, if not highly prosperous, lines of economic activity. Different from past episodes of industrial restructuring revolving around the managed decline of sunset industries, accelerating climate change requires reallocation away from economic activities where the metaphorical sun is still shining. Firms, owners, workers, regions, and polities structurally rely on these sources of prosperity and have interwoven their past and future lives with them. We argue that this problem has created a space for state actors to experiment with vertical industrial policies to manage the reallocation of resources from polluting to non-polluting activities. We illustrate this dynamic by investigating the least-likely case of the European Union, a polity heavily tilted towards market governance. European climate policymakers, we argue, have incrementally moved away from the primacy of regulatory, market-making tools and have introduced a plethora of vertical instruments to shift resources away from climate-harming fields. This experimentation with vertical policies unfolds against the backdrop of a thirty-year institutional legacy of single market-oriented policy in the energy field. |
| Abstract: | Dekarbonisierung erfordert die Abwicklung und Restrukturierung von - wirtschaftlich - überlebensfähigen, wenn nicht sogar prosperierenden Wirtschaftszweigen. Anders als in früheren industriellen Restrukturierungsprozessen, bei denen es um die kontrollierte Herunterskalierung von 'Sunset-' oder 'Problemindustrien' ging, macht die Beschleunigung des Klimawandels eine Umverteilung weg von wirtschaftlichen Aktivitäten erforderlich, über denen die metaphorische Sonne noch scheint. Unternehmen, Kapitaleignerinnen und Kapitaleigner, Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer, Regionen und Staaten bleiben strukturell auf diese Aktivitäten angewiesen und haben ihr Leben mit ihnen verwoben. Wir argumentieren, dass dieses Problem einen Raum für staatliche Akteure geschaffen hat, mit vertikalen industriepolitischen Maßnahmen zu experimentieren, um die Umverteilung von Ressourcen von umweltverschmutzenden zu nicht umweltverschmutzenden Aktivitäten zu befördern. Wir veranschaulichen diese Dynamik anhand einer Fallstudie der Europäischen Union, ein institutionelles Gefüge, das traditionell stark auf marktwirtschaftliche Steuerung ausgerichtet ist. Wir argumentieren, dass sich die europäische Klimapolitik schrittweise vom Primat der regulatorischen, marktwirtschaftlichen Instrumente entfernt und eine Fülle von vertikalen Instrumenten eingeführt hat, um den Ressourcenentzug aus klimaschädlichen Bereichen zu ermöglichen. Dieses Experimentieren mit vertikalen Politikinstrumenten vollzieht sich vor dem Hintergrund eines 30-jährigen institutionellen Erbes marktorientierter Politik im Energiesektor. |
| Keywords: | climate change, cohesion policy, European Union, green transition, industrialpolicy, regional restructuring, Energiewende, Europäische Union, Industriepolitik, Klimawandel, Kohäsionspolitik, regionaler Strukturwandel |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:mpifgd:281202&r=env |
| By: | Katigbak, Jovito Jose P.; Villaruel, Jemimah Joanne C. |
| Abstract: | Buoyed by favorable developments at the global and regional levels, circular economy (CE) has been emerging in the Philippines due to an increasing call for the effective mainstreaming of sustainable principles and practices across various economic sectors. Often characterized as an industrial system regenerative or regenerative by design, CE presents guidelines that enable business-, society-, and environment-friendly economic development. This is vital for the Philippines as it seeks to address waste management issues and reduce carbon emissions by advancing Sustainable Development Goal 12: Sustainable Consumption and Production. The government has enacted and implemented several laws, policies, and regulations to steer the country towards cleaner production. The private sector and external partners similarly promote CE through their respective programs, projects, and activities. Notwithstanding the current initiatives, there is a need to focus national thrust and efforts on the micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) as they comprise over 99 percent of all businesses in the Philippines. This is especially true for women-led MSMEs (WMSMEs), which composed around 60 percent of business name registrations in 2019. Hence, this pilot study sought to assess the level of CE adoption among WMSMEs in Metro Manila through a survey questionnaire, which garnered 58 responses. It found a low level of awareness regarding CE principles and CE-related government programs among the respondents and a lack of demand for circular goods/services by the customers. These translate to misalignment between CE principles and their firm’s strategy and business model. The results also show that most of the WMSMEs in Metro Manila still practice linear methods, as evidenced by the non-use of renewable resources, lack of resource recovery strategies and post-sales services, and absence of ecodesign. The respondents exhibited somewhat positive performance in waste management. In addition, WMSMEs do not engage in CE-oriented partnerships and collaborations with their co-enterprises and customers. Accordingly, the Philippine government may consider a multi-level approach in mainstreaming CE among (W)MSMEs. Micro-level initiatives may include advocacies on CE, training programs for MSMEs, provision of incentives, and business support schemes. At the meso level, smart regulation and mini eco-parks may be explored. Lastly, developing a national framework and monitoring mechanism may be critical undertakings at the macro level. Comments to this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | circular economy;Philippine Development;Sustainable Development Goals;SMEs;women-led MSMEs |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2023-30&r=env |
| By: | Fabio Gaetano Santeramo; Emilia Lamonaca; Charlotte Emlinger |
| Abstract: | : Fabio Gaetano Santeramo, Emilia Lamonaca, Charlotte EmlingerTitle: Technical measures, Environmental protection, and TradeAbstract: Technical regulations are numerous, growing, and less transparent than price measures. Frequently used for Non-trade Policy Objectives (NTPOs), the technical regulations are adopted also for environmental protection. The trade effects of environmental measures are underinvestigated. Relying on a unique and original dataset of technical measures notified for environmental reasons, we show how they hinder bilateral trade flows, and tend to favour trade flows of countries with solid economic and political influence, such as high-income and G20 economies. Regardless of the environmental impacts of the technical regulations, beyond the scope of our investigation, the measures shape trade in favour of the wealthiest and most industrialised countries which have better financial and technical endowments to comply with environmentally friendly requirements. Far from suggesting which mechanism drives the discriminatory nature, we argue that the rapid raise of new regulations for the environmental protection may exacerbate existing divide. |
| Keywords: | International trade, Non-trade policy objective, Technical regulation, TBT |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rsc:rsceui:2023/45&r=env |
| By: | Hailes, Oliver |
| Abstract: | Amid the Ukraine war, the energy transition has reached a critical juncture: decisions taken by key governmental or commercial actors may irreversibly threaten efforts to limit the rise in global average temperature to 1.5°C. After defining the notions of ‘energy transition’ and ‘critical juncture’, this article describes how the ‘international law of energy’ may both entrench a socio-technical regime based on fossil fuels and promote the transition towards renewable energy. These categories serve to frame several contributions to a symposium, which assist in mapping the rules, processes, and institutions that organize the decisional options of key actors as they try to drive the energy transition through this critical juncture. We conclude by recalling the practical utility of this dynamic map and the pressing need for an authoritative compass to give interpretive direction to the legal organization of the entitlements, obligations, and decisional options of key actors in reorienting energy activities to avoid the catastrophic tipping points of climate change. |
| Keywords: | OUP deal |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2023–12–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:121255&r=env |
| By: | Marguerite Obolensky (Columbia University); Marco Tabellini (Harvard Business School); Charles Taylor (HarvardKennedySchool) |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces the concept of “climate matching†as a driver of migration and establishes several new results. First, we show that climate strongly predicts the spatial distribution of immigrants in the US, both historically (1880) and more recently (2015), whereby movers select destinations with climates similar to their place of origin. Second, we analyze historical flows of German, Norwegian, and domestic migrants in the US and document that climate sorting also holds within countries. Third, we exploit variation in the long-run change in average US climate from 1900 to 2019 and find that migration increased more between locations whose climate converged. Fourth, we verify that results are not driven by the persistence of ethnic networks or other confounders, and provide evidence for two complementary mechanisms: climate-specific human capital and climate as amenity. Fifth, we back out the value of climate similarity by: i) exploiting the Homestead Act, a historical policy that changed relative land prices; and, ii) examining the relationship between climate mismatch and mortality. Finally, we project how climate change shapes the geography of US population growth by altering migration patterns, both historically and into the 21st century. |
| Keywords: | Migration, climate matching, value of climate |
| JEL: | J15 J61 N31 N32 Q54 R11 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:2401&r=env |
| By: | Kurani, Kenneth |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, electric vehicles, zero emission vehicles, transition, policy |
| Date: | 2024–01–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt8tm9q1zh&r=env |
| By: | Newbery, D. |
| Abstract: | The target-consistent price of carbon for an electricity sector decarbonizing through massive variable renewable electricity (VRE) depends sensitively on the VRE penetration level, as the marginal curtailment of VRE rises rapidly beyond a certain level. This paper develops a simple linear model to illustrate the relation between the shadow carbon price (SPC) and VRE penetration and calibrates it for the island of Ireland’s 2026 target VRE penetration of 55%. The SPC rises rapidly with increased VRE investment beyond a certain point, and can be used to direct mitigating investment in storage, interconnectors, and other flexibility options. The SPC for the final efficient portfolio will be the target-consistent carbon price for electricity that can help judge the appropriateness of the original target level of VRE penetration. |
| Keywords: | social cost of carbon, variable renewable electricity, marginal curtailment |
| JEL: | H23 L94 Q28 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2023–12–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2361&r=env |
| By: | Obolensky, Marguerite (Columbia University); Tabellini, Marco (Harvard Business School); Taylor, Charles A. (Harvard Kennedy School) |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces the concept of "climate matching" as a driver of migration and establishes several new results. First, we show that climate strongly predicts the spatial distribution of immigrants in the US, both historically (1880) and more recently (2015), whereby movers select destinations with climates similar to their place of origin. Second, we analyze historical flows of German, Norwegian, and domestic migrants in the US and document that climate sorting also holds within countries. Third, we exploit variation in the long-run change in average US climate from 1900 to 2019 and find that migration increased more between locations whose climate converged. Fourth, we verify that results are not driven by the persistence of ethnic networks or other confounders, and provide evidence for two complementary mechanisms: climate-specific human capital and climate as amenity. Fifth, we back out the value of climate similarity by: i) exploiting the Homestead Act, a historical policy that changed relative land prices; and, ii) examining the relationship between climate mismatch and mortality. Finally, we project how climate change shapes the geography of US population growth by altering migration patterns, both historically and into the 21st century. |
| Keywords: | migration, climate matching, value of climate |
| JEL: | J15 J61 N31 N32 Q54 R11 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16710&r=env |
| By: | Ascione, Grazia Sveva |
| Abstract: | Much of the literature emphasizes the relationship between interdisciplinarity and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are seen as closely linked and highly interdisciplinary. Therefore, innovation related to the SDGs is expected to be technologically diverse, especially when it emanates from academia, where teams of researchers collaborate to create innovation for the benefit of society. However, research on innovation for the SDGs is still in its infancy due to a lack of comprehensive quantitative analysis about its characteristics and a lack of consideration of potentially relevant actors, such as universities. This paper aims to make a threefold contribution to the existing literature by analyzing USPTO patent data from 2006 to 2020. First, we develop a novel method for tagging SDGs-related patents using an unsupervised natural language processing (NLP) approach. Starting from an initial list of keywords, we build an extended dictionary of keywords for each SDG based on the patent text by combining the TF-IDF method with a vector representation of the patent text and SDGs keywords. Second, we analyze innovation related to the SDGs, focusing particularly on the contribution of universities. Third, we compare the diversity of SDGs and non-SDGs patents using the Rao-Stirling index. Our results show that patents related to the SDGs are on the rise, but the trend is more pronounced for universities, where the majority of innovation production revolves around SDG 3 (good health and well-being). Moreover, the rise in SDGs patents seems to be led not only by green technologies, but mainly by high technologies. Eventually, the empirical results point in two directions. On the one hand, SDGs related patents are more diverse than their counterparts across almost all technology sectors. However, if we consider university patents only, there is a diversity premium only for a few SDGs, namely SDG 2, SDG 3, and SDG 15. |
| Keywords: | echnological diversity; University patents; Interdisciplinarity; SDGs; United States |
| JEL: | O3 O34 |
| Date: | 2023–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119452&r=env |
| By: | Khan, Haider |
| Abstract: | In this paper, drawing inspiration from Tagore’s writings and experiments in ruaral development in Bengal in places like Shilaidaha, Patisor and Shriniketan, I develop a part of what I have been calling an ecological global political economy approach. I motivate the discussion by focusing on the links between ecological crisis and income distribution. I have chosen the concrete context of Bangladesh, a country likely to be affected severely by global warming and climate change to illustrate through simulation the theoretical results. Using a fairly neutral and conservative assumption of uniform distribution of loss it can be shown axiomatically that inequality increases when effective income is considered leading to ecologically adjusted income distributions. In line with Tagore’s intuitions, the simulations presented here for Bangladesh demonstrate that both inequality and poverty measured by some popular indexes increase significantly under even this mild assumption and the assumption of moderate income loss. Thus a case can be made for a strategy of Tagore-inspired equitable rural development. |
| Keywords: | Tagore, Ecologically Sound Rural Development, Ecological Global Political Economy; Axioms of Inequality Comparisons; Axioms of Poverty Comparisons; Bangladesh; Equality of Misfortune Assumption: Adverse Health Effects of Ecological Damage; Resource Depletion; Inequality; Poverty, Tagore-inspired equitable rural development |
| JEL: | O1 Q01 Q5 |
| Date: | 2024–01–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119665&r=env |
| By: | Sam Huckstep (Center for Global Development); Helen Dempster (Center for Global Development) |
| Abstract: | The green transition will generate an enormous demand for workers. This paper reviews demand for, and supply of, skills relevant to the green transition in five countries in the Global South and five in the Global North. It focuses on the installation and maintenance workforce needed in two sectors: solar photovoltaic panels and heat pumps. It finds that in almost all of the 10 countries studied, supply of the necessary skilled workers is unlikely to meet demand. In particular, Global North countries, which must cut more emissions sooner, face challenges in obtaining sufficient workers against a backdrop of ageing populations. If green transition targets are to be met, migration is likely to be needed as a complement to domestic training and reskilling. Given that the shortage of green-skilled workers is global, however, migration must be accompanied by support for training and retaining workers at home. |
| Date: | 2024–01–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:ppaper:318&r=env |
| By: | Clayton, Amanda; Dulani, Boniface; Kosec, Katrina; Robinson, Amanda Lea |
| Abstract: | Initiatives to combat climate change often strive to include women’s voices, but there is limited evidence on how this feature influences program design or its benefits for women. We examine the causal effect of women’s representation in climate-related deliberations using the case of community-managed forests in rural Malawi. We run a lab-in-the-field experiment that randomly varies the gender composition of six-member groups asked to privately vote, deliberate, then privately vote again on their preferred policy to combat local over-harvesting. We find that any given woman has relatively more influence in group deliberations when women make up a larger share of the group. This result cannot be explained by changes in participants’ talk time. Rather, women’s presence changes the content of deliberations towards topics on which women tend to have greater expertise. Our work suggests that including women in decision-making can shift deliberative processes in ways that amplify women’s voices. |
| Keywords: | gender; natural resources management; natural resources; governance; women's empowerment; community forestry; decision making; poverty; capacity development; MALAWI; SOUTHERN AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2232&r=env |
| By: | Marouane Nakhcha (ENCGK - ENCG University Ibn Tofail of Kenitra, Morocco); Mamdouh Tlaty (ENCGK - ENCG University Ibn Tofail of Kenitra, Morocco) |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses the concept of sustainable finance and socially responsible investment (SRI) from a number of different angles, based on an in-depth review of the literature. The first part summarizes the literature in order to understand the main concepts of sustainable finance and SRI. Sustainable finance is a dynamic concept, a common framework based on certain principles derived from the issues underlying sustainable development. It is a process, not an end goal, with many positive outcomes. These issues are a current trend as well as powerful tools for educating profit-driven markets such as traditional finance. Together, they constitute an influential driving force towards sustainable development. The second part of this article is an analysis based on the current state of play, providing an overview of how sustainable finance, as a promoter of sustainable development, is developing in the Moroccan context. While there are strengths and opportunities for development, there are some challenges that require immediate solutions. Society is looking for new alternatives, and sustainable finance should be seen as a real alternative. Nevertheless, public distrust drives the need to support and protect truly sustainable initiatives within Morocco's financial sector. |
| Abstract: | Ce document aborde le concept de finances durables et d'investissement socialement responsable (ISR) selon différentes approches et à l'aide d'un examen approfondi de la littérature. La première partie résume la littérature en la matière afin de comprendre les principaux concepts des finances durables et d'ISR. Les finances durables sont un concept dynamique, un cadre commun basé sur certains principes issus des questions qui sous-tendent le développement durable. Il s'agit là d'un processus, et non d'un objectif final, avec de nombreux résultats positifs. Ces sujets sont une tendance actuelle ainsi que des outils puissants pour éduquer les marchés orientés vers le profit tels que les finances traditionnelles. Ensemble, ils constituent une force motrice influente vers le développement durable. L'analyse sera basée sur l'état des lieux; constituant la deuxième partie de cet article, elle donne un aperçu sur la façon dont les finances durables, en tant que promoteur du développement durable, se développent dans le contexte marocain. Bien qu'il y ait des forces et des opportunités de développement, il subsiste certains défis qui nécessitent des solutions immédiates. La société est à la recherche de nouvelles alternatives, et les finances durables devraient être considérées comme une véritable alternative. Néanmoins, la méfiance du public entraîne la nécessité de soutenir et de protéger les initiatives véritablement durables au sein du secteur financier au Maroc. |
| Keywords: | Finance durable, développement durable, investissement socialement responsable, défis, opportunité., sustainable development, socially responsible investment, challenges, opportunities. |
| Date: | 2023–12–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04372356&r=env |
| By: | Alberto Botta; Danilo Spinola; Giuliano Toshiro Yajima; Gabriel Porcile |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the relationship between financial integration, external debt sustainability, and fiscal policy space in emerging and developing (EDE) countries. We do so by applying Pasinetti’s “geometry of debt sustainability” to EDE countries and analysing how it is shaped by exposure to global financial cycles. Through the lenses of Pasinetti’s theoretical framework, we study whether global finance opens “windows of opportunities” or creates more constraints for EDE countries in offering fiscal support for structural changes, including green structural transformations. This analysis is crucial for tackling the pressing issue of the climate crisis. We suggest EDE countries may face a “gridlock”. Global finance and pressures to keep external debt sustainable make them struggle to maintain vital public investment and enact counter-cyclical fiscal actions. Lack of fiscal space in turn exacerbates technological backwardness, which feeds back in the form of more binding external constraints and tighter “surveillance” by international creditors. We support our theoretical analysis with an econometric study over a sample of 55 countries from 1980-2018. Capital controls and external macroprudential policy emerge as fundamental policies enabling EDE countries to adeptly manoeuvre through debt challenges without falling into the pitfalls of stagnation and enduring technological underdevelopment. |
| Keywords: | Financial globalisation, fiscal space, structural change |
| JEL: | F65 O14 O23 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pke:wpaper:pkwp2401&r=env |
| By: | Nathalie Fabbe-Costes (AMU ECO - Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté d'économie et de gestion - AMU - Aix Marseille Université, CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | The articles studied for the sustainable development theme show the extent to which it raises complex and evolving issues. The analysis of the articles highlights the need to take into account of the context – in particular regulatory, strategic and technological – in order to explore and exploit the full richness of the research situations addressed, to answer the questions posed and move towards possible solutions. Grounded research also helps to reveal the mechanisms at work and to understand the issues and behaviors at stake in the face of the essential changes that need to be made. |
| Abstract: | Les articles étudiés pour la thématique développement durable montrent à quel point elle soulève des questions complexes et évolutives. L'analyse des articles conduit à souligner la nécessité de prendre en considération les contextes – notamment règlementaire, stratégique et technologique –, pour explorer et exploiter toute la richesse des situations de recherche abordées, répondre aux questions posées ainsi que progresser vers des pistes de solution. Les recherches ancrées permettent aussi de révéler les mécanismes à l'œuvre et de comprendre les enjeux et les comportements face aux indispensables changements à opérer |
| Keywords: | reverse logistics, ecodesign, circular economy, Sustainable development, Développement durable logistique inverse éco-conception économie circulaire Sustainable development reverse logistics ecodesign circular economy, Développement durable, Logistique inverse, éco-conception, économie circulaire |
| Date: | 2023–12–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04369296&r=env |
| By: | Daugaard, Dan; Kent, Danielle; Servátka, Maroš; Zhang, Le |
| Abstract: | The global warming crisis is unlikely to abate while the world continues to collectively fund the extraction and burning of fossil fuels. Carbon divestment is urgently needed to ward off the impending climate emergency. Yet responsible investments still only account for a modest share of global assets. We conduct an incentivized artefactual field experiment to test whether framing divestment as a social norm, communicating it by a person with perceived credibility and expertise (a messenger), and highlighting optimistic attributes bolster responsible investment. Our subjects are investment professionals who have significant influence over the allocation of funds. We provide evidence that optimistic framing increases responsible investment. Assuming a comparable effect size, the observed increase would represent a $3.6 trillion USD global shift in asset allocations. |
| Keywords: | experiment, ESG, responsible investment, optimism, framing |
| JEL: | C93 G11 |
| Date: | 2023–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119677&r=env |
| By: | Kohnert, Dirk |
| Abstract: | The African continent is increasingly becoming a battleground in the race between superpowers for access to critical minerals needed for the 'Green Revolution', such as rare earth minerals (REE). Companies from China, the USA and Russia play a major role. In most cases, critical minerals are mined by international mining companies supported by their governments and organizing complex global value chains. So far, China has dominated supply chains and has secured mining contracts across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Currently, China produces 58% of all REEs worldwide. It is the main importer of minerals from Africa, with mineral exports from sub-Saharan Africa to China totalling USD 10 bn in 2019. Its dominance of the global rare earths market is rooted in politics, not geography. Rare earths are neither that rare nor that concentrated in China. Beijing has adopted a strategy of imports, dumping and control of rare earths that is hardly consistent with WTO rules. Therefore, in June 2022, a newly founded 'Minerals Security Partnership', consisting of the USA, the EU, Great Britain and other Western industrialized countries, invited mineral-rich African countries to counter Chinese dominance. These included resource-rich countries such as South Africa, Botswana, Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The West's push became even more urgent after Beijing imposed export controls on the strategic metals gallium and germanium in July 2023, sparking global fears that China could be next to block exports of rare earth or processing technology. Because African markets are small, they are forced to rely on foreign financing. However, so far, foreign direct investment in rare earth production has confirmed the 'pollution haven' hypothesis about the environmentally harmful effects of FDI flowing into the affected countries. Although the full potential of rare earths in SSA has remained largely untapped due to low exploration, the dark side of the energy transition is becoming increasingly visible. These include pollution of soil, air and water as well as inadequate disposal of toxic residues and intensive water and energy use, occupational and environmental risks, child labour and sexual abuse as well as corruption and armed conflicts. In August 2023, Nigeria, Africa's largest economy, suspended certain illegal Chinese mining activities within its borders, including the activities of Ruitai Mining Company due to its involvement in illegal titanium ore mining. Namibia and the DR Congo followed suit. |
| Keywords: | rare earths; energy transition; climate change; pollution; emerging markets; Minerals Security Partnership; Sub-Saharan Africa; EU; South Africa; Nigeria; DR Congo; African Studies; |
| JEL: | D24 D43 D52 E23 F13 F18 F23 F51 F63 F64 L13 L61 L63 L72 N17 N57 Q33 Q53 Z13 |
| Date: | 2024–01–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119745&r=env |
| By: | Ez-Zaouine Jamila (UIZ - Ibn Zohr University of Agadir); Adil Kouskous (UH2MC - Université Hassan II [Casablanca]) |
| Abstract: | Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are popular globally, but their performance sparks debates. Indeed, as a strategic tool, these PPPs have emerged as potential catalysts for innovation and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), thus highlighting the urgent need for effective and innovative public governance. This study aims to closely examine how innovation within PPP governance can significantly contribute to achieving the SDGs, focusing on insights from PPP experiences in Africa to identify best practices and lessons learned. It employs a Grounded Theory Analysis based on case studies of various PPPs focused on SDGs concluded between 2017 and 2023 in 21 African countries to develop our governance model, geared towards creating a specific understanding framework for PPPs in Africa, capturing the complexity of dynamics between public and private actors, success factors, challenges faced, and, most importantly, how governance innovation can be integrated to optimize PPPs' contribution to the SDGs. The results of this analysis indicate that "PPP Governance Management" is necessary to provide a structural and decision-making framework to help public and private partners collaborate, innovate, and create synergies to achieve project goals in a compliant and strategic manner. This study aims to actively contribute to enhancing the decision-making capacities of stakeholders. |
| Abstract: | RÉSUMÉ : Les partenariats public-privé (PPP) sont populaires à l'échelle mondiale, mais leurs performances suscitent des débats. En effet, en tant qu'outil stratégique, ces PPP ont émergé comme des catalyseurs potentiels pour l'innovation et la réalisation des Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD), mettant ainsi en lumière la nécessité impérieuse d'une gouvernance publique efficace et novatrice. Cette étude s'engage à examiner de près comment l'innovation au sein de la gouvernance des PPP peut contribuer de manière significative à l'atteinte des ODD, en se penchant sur les enseignements tirés des expériences des PPP en Afrique pour identifier les meilleures pratiques et les leçons apprises, à travers une Analyse par Théorisation Ancrée basée sur des études de cas de différents PPP axés sur les ODD conclus entre 2017 et 2023 dans 21 pays africains, afin de développer notre modèle type de gouvernance, orienté vers la création d'un cadre de compréhension spécifique des PPP en Afrique, et permettant de capturer la complexité des dynamiques entre les acteurs publics et privés, les facteurs de succès, les obstacles rencontrés et, surtout, la manière dont l'innovation dans la gouvernance peut être intégrée pour optimiser la contribution des PPP aux ODD. Les résultats de cette analyse ont indiqué qu'une « Gestion de la gouvernance des PPP » est nécessaire pour fournir un cadre structurel et décisionnel aidant les partenaires publics et privés à collaborer, innover et créer des synergies pour atteindre les objectifs du projet de manière conforme et stratégique. Cette étude ambitionne de contribuer activement au renforcement des capacités décisionnelles des parties prenantes. |
| Keywords: | Public-Private Partnerships (Ppps), Governance, Innovation, Sustainable Development Goals (Sdgs), African Countries, Grounded Theory Analysis, Partenariats Public-Privé (PPP), gouvernance, innovation, Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD), pays de l'Afrique, Analyse par théorisation ancrée |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04369070&r=env |
| By: | Grishina, Irina (Гришина, Ирина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Shkuropat, Anna (Шкуропат, Анна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Kotov, Alexandr (Котов, Александр) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Filatov, Artemiy (Филатов, Артемий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The relevance of the work undertaken in RANEPA in 2022 is due to the fact that the national goals of socio-economic development of Russia for the period up to 2030, defined by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated 21.07.2020 N 474, are formulated taking into account the tasks of achieving the global sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the UN. A prerequisite for their implementation is participation of the regions in the process. Localization of the SDGs in line with the new international approaches will strengthen the sustainability of regional policies and cooperation. The subject of the study is new methodology for assessing the achievement of the SDGsfor the regions of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to develop a methodology for assessing the achievement of the UN SDGs by the regions of Russia to clarify the priority areas of regional policy and is based on the following tasks undertaken: analysis of the experience of developed countries in developing an approach and assessing the achievement of SDGs at the level of regions of the second territorial level (according to the OECD classification); analysis of domestic experience in assessing the achievement of SDGs at different levels (national and regional); substantiation of the composition of indicators and methodological approach to assessing the achievement of SDGs at the regional level; formation of an information base for assessing the achievement of SDGs in the regions of the Russian Federation; approbation of the methodology; development of recommendations on priorities for the implementation of Russia's regional policy, based on estimates of indicators for achieving the SDGs. The scientific novelty of the work is determined by the fact that for the first time a new composite index has been developed to assess the achievement of the SDGs in the regions of Russia, based on a system of indicators, consistent with the national goals of Russia until 2030. On its basis, experimental assessments have been obtained that allow for interregional comparisons. Research methods applied: system, factor and statistical analysis of the distribution of indicators; index method, etc. Research results can be used to: clarify priorities and develop regional policy mechanisms that ensure the achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals in the regions of Russia, as well as the achievement of the country's national development goals until 2030 in territorial dimension. The application of the authors’ approach is recommended for information and methodological support of the state regional policy development to increase its effectiveness. |
| Keywords: | UN Sustainable Development Goals, national development goals, regions of Russia, methods of assessing the achievement of goals, composite indices, methodology, comprehensive assessment, methodology of analysis |
| JEL: | R11 R12 R13 R58 |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220310&r=env |
| By: | Jean-Alain Heraud; Phu Nguyen-Van (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Thi Kim Cuong Pham (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Purpose This paper analyzes individual subjective well-being using a survey database from the Strasbourg metropolitan development council (France). The authors focus on the effects of externalities generated by public services (transport, culture and sport), environmental quality and feeling of security in the Strasbourg metropolitan area (Eurométropole de Strasbourg, EMS). Results show that EMS specificities (public facilities, environmental quality, safety and security) and individual features like opportunities to laugh or live with children significantly influence individual well-being. These findings are robust when using three subjective measures: feeling of well-being, environmental satisfaction and social life satisfaction. The authors also show that income may affect the perceived well-being of individuals belonging to a low-income group, while individuals belonging to a high-income group tend to be unsatisfied with environmental quality but satisfied with their social life. Besides, social comparison in terms of income does not matter for individual well-being in the Strasbourg metropolitan area. Design/methodology/approach Theoretical and empirical paper —Utility theory in economics—Econometric modeling using an ordered probit model. Findings Specificities of the Strasbourg metropolitan area-France (public services related to transport, culture and sport, environmental quality perceived as convenient for individual health, sense of security) significantly impact individual subjective well-being. Income does not substantially impact the individual subjective perception of happiness: income may matter for the feeling of well-being only for individuals belonging to a low-income group. Wealthy individuals tend to be unsatisfied with environmental quality but satisfied with their social life. Social comparison in terms of income does not matter for individual well-being in the Strasbourg metropolitan area. Research limitations/implications Cross-sectional data, but it is the only available database from a survey conducted by EMS in 2017 to collect information on potential elements relative to individual well-being in the Strasbourg metropolitan area. Practical implications Results shed light on the role of territorial policies in improving individual well-being and might provide some guidelines for policy-makers concerned about the population's welfare. Policy-makers should give strong attention to public facilities (an essential element of local public action) and improve environmental quality. If they care about the population's happiness, they have to reorient current policies in this direction. Of course, through the inquiry in 2017 giving this database, the Strasbourg agglomeration development council aimed to provide such evidence to the local administration. Nevertheless, the results were a bit upsetting for many people in the administrative and political circles, who generally prioritize economic and demographic development, while the citizens' responses to the inquiry have revealed a strong focus on the quality of everyday life in their neighborhood. Originality/value The present study contributes to the literature on subjective well-being, with a focus on the role of local characteristics and living environment. The authors' starting point is related to the standard utility theory, indicating that environmental quality and public services are positive externalities. The authors investigate whether the local living environment and public facilities are crucial elements explaining individual well-being. To do this, we consider three subjective measures: feeling of well-being, environmental satisfaction and social life satisfaction, which are used as proxies of individual utility. The authors consider different explicative variables representing specificities of EMS in terms of public services (transport, culture and sport), environmental quality perceived as convenient for individual health, safety and security, etc. The authors also provide a test for relative standing by including the median monthly household income at the municipality level. |
| Date: | 2023–09–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04384531&r=env |
| By: | Sturm, Astrid; Schöttker, Oliver; Kadir, Karmand; Wätzold, Frank |
| Abstract: | We present the concept of a software-based multi-level information system for authorities (SMIBe) designed to digital evaluate agri-environmental and climate measures (AES) for grazing. SMIBe enables authorities to summarize key parameters of grazing AES and record them in SMIBe for further digital processing as well as export and share them with farmers. Farmers can submit their digital documentation to the authority after completing an AES measure, and thus feed the evidence into SMIBe in form of relevant documents and data individually authorized by the farmers (e.g. photos, satellite or drone data, sensor data from animal collars documenting compliance with AES specifications). SMIBe is an important interface for the processing and interpretation of animal movement data collected by new sensor technology. |
| Keywords: | Beweidung; Grünland; Weideproduktionssystem |
| JEL: | Q15 Q57 |
| Date: | 2024–01–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119741&r=env |
| By: | Heijmans, Roweno J.R.K. (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics); Engström, Max (Dept. of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) |
| Abstract: | We study dynamic cap-and-trade schemes in which a policy of adjustable allowance supply determines the cap on emissions. Focusing on two common supply policies, price and quantity mechanisms, we investigate how the duration of a cap-and-trade scheme affects equilibrium emissions under its cap. More precisely, we consider the reduction in equilibrium emissions realized by shortening the duration of the scheme. We present four main results. First, the reduction in emissions is positive and bounded from below under a price mechanism. Second, the reduction in emissions is bounded from above under a quantity mechanism. Third, these upper and lower bounds coincide when the price and quantity mechanism are similar. Fourth, we identify sufficient conditions for which the reduction in emissions is strictly negative under a quantity mechanism. We quantify our theoretical results for the European Union, the world’s largest cap-and-trade scheme to use a quantity mechanism; effects on cumulative EU emissions range from trivial to substantial. |
| Keywords: | Emissions trading; market-based emissions regulations; policy design |
| JEL: | E61 H23 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–01–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhhfms:2024_002&r=env |
| By: | Can Askan Mavi (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, GIAM - Galatasaray Üniversitesi İktisadi Araştırmalar Merkezi - GSU - Galatasaray Universitesi) |
| Abstract: | This article aims to demonstrate how a market exposed to a catastrophic event strives to find a balance between adaptation and mitigation policies through R&D strategies. Our analysis reveals that, within our framework, there exists no trade-off between adaptation and mitigation. Rather, the critical relationship exists between adaptation and pollution because adaptation (wealth accumulation) increases the growth rate of the economy, leading to a higher flow pollution due to the scale effect. We also investigate the long-run effects of pollution taxes on growth rates and the influence of the probability of catastrophic events on these outcomes. Our findings suggest that even with a higher likelihood of catastrophe, the economy can elevate its R&D endeavors, provided that the penalty rate stemming from an abrupt event remains sufficiently high and the economy confronts a risk of a doomsday scenario. Additionally, we illustrate that pollution taxes can foster heightened long-term growth, with the positive effects being more pronounced when the probability of catastrophe is elevated, assuming an adequately substantial penalty rate. Finally, we find that pollution growth can be higher with less polluting inputs due to a scale effect, a phenomenon akin to the Jevons-type paradox. |
| Abstract: | Cet article vise à démontrer comment un marché exposé à un événement catastrophique s'efforce de trouver un équilibre entre les politiques d'adaptation et d'atténuation par le biais de stratégies de R&D. Notre analyse révèle que, dans notre cadre, il n'existe pas de compromis entre l'adaptation et l'atténuation. La relation critique existe plutôt entre l'adaptation et la pollution car l'adaptation (accumulation de richesses) augmente le taux de croissance de l'économie, ce qui conduit à un flux de pollution plus élevé en raison de l'effet d'échelle. Nous étudions également les effets à long terme des taxes sur la pollution sur les taux de croissance et l'influence de la probabilité d'événements catastrophiques sur ces résultats. Nos résultats suggèrent que même avec une probabilité plus élevée de catastrophe, l'économie peut intensifier ses efforts de R&D, à condition que le taux de pénalité découlant d'un événement brutal reste suffisamment élevé et que l'économie soit confrontée au risque d'un scénario apocalyptique. En outre, nous montrons que les taxes sur la pollution peuvent favoriser une croissance accrue à long terme, les effets positifs étant plus prononcés lorsque la probabilité de catastrophe est élevée, à condition que le taux de pénalité soit suffisamment élevé. Enfin, nous constatons que la croissance de la pollution peut être plus élevée avec des intrants moins polluants en raison d'un effet d'échelle, un phénomène qui s'apparente au paradoxe de Jevons. |
| Keywords: | Schumpeterian growth, adaptation, mitigation, Uncertainty, Adaptation Au Changement Climatique |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04355910&r=env |
| By: | Niedrig, Nicolas (Technische Universität Berlin and BBH Consulting AG, Berlin, Germany); Giehl, Johannes (Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School); Jahnke, Philipp (BBH Consulting AG, Berlin, Germany); Müller-Kirchenbauer, Joachim (Technische Universität Berlin) |
| Abstract: | Renewable hydrogen is a crucial element of the energy transition towards climate neutrality. A key aspect of the development of a hydrogen economy is a suitable market design. Public and science discuss aspects like generation, consumption sectors, and infrastructure in detail. However, the discussion of the design options for the hydrogen market is insufficient. The current discussion does not cover different possibilities of the final market states. Thus, this paper focuses on options for the future hydrogen market design. <p> The paper presents a two-step approach to identify market designs. First, a literature review and morphological analysis using the electricity and gas market as references provide the basic elements and values of the options. Second, three different infrastructure scenarios for Germany provide the basis for expert interviews to derive suitable market designs. <p> The analysis results in seven elements that are crucial for the future hydrogen market design. The market design should cover the elements marketplace, trading period, price formation, cost components, price orientation, prequalifications, and geographical coverage. The interviews show that over-the-counter trading and, with increasing regional coverage and more participants, stock exchange trading will be part of the market. The implementation of the stock market requires sufficient market liquidity of the seller’s market dominated by potential generation costs. Further aspects of an exchange in combination with prequalifications would be higher transparency and access to information. These aspects could positively influence the development of the hydrogen economy. |
| Keywords: | Renewable hydrogen; Market design; Hydrogen economy; Energy policy; Power-to-gas |
| JEL: | K20 L10 L50 N54 N74 O24 O25 Q21 Q27 Q41 Q42 |
| Date: | 2024–01–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cbsnow:2024_004&r=env |
| By: | Kaestner, Kathrin; Kruse, Lisa; Schwarz, Antonia; Sommer, Stephan |
| Abstract: | In diesem Artikel untersuchen wir die Verteilungswirkungen der CO2-Bepreisung auf Emissionen in den Sektoren Wärme und Verkehr für Deutschland. Von Ökonom/-innen oft als Leitinstrument einer erfolgreichen und effizienten Klimapolitik betrachtet, wird dieses Preisinstrument unter anderem aufgrund von Bedenken hinsichtlich hoher und ungleicher Kostenbelastungen nur zögerlich vorangetrieben. Anhand von Haushaltsdaten der Einkommens- und Verbrauchsstichprobe sowie einem Mikrosimulationsmodell untersuchen wir die Kostenbelastung privater Haushalte für verschiedene Preishöhen und Entlastungsmaßnahmen. Neben der bereits häufig untersuchten Rückverteilungsvariante der Pro-Kopf-Pauschale analysieren wir insbesondere die Effekte einer Strompreissenkung sowie erstmalig einer einkommensgestaffelten Rückverteilung und einer Pro-Haushalt-Pauschale. Über die aus der Literatur bekannten regressiven Verteilungseffekte einer CO2-Bepreisung ohne Rückverteilung hinaus zeigen unsere Ergebnisse, dass eine Strompreissenkung weniger progressiv als eine Pro-Kopf-Pauschale und eine einkommensgestaffelte Rückverteilung am progressivsten wirkt. Eine Pro-Haushalt-Pauschale könnte Einpersonenhaushalte im Vergleich zu einer Pro-Kopf-Pauschale stärker entlasten, birgt jedoch das Risiko, Anreize für eine größere Wohnfläche pro Person zu schaffen. Während kaum Unterschiede in der CO2-Preis-Kostenbelastung zwischen Haushalten auf dem Land und der Stadt erkennbar sind, zeigen sich anhand der Energieausgabenstruktur und Geräteausstattung Haushalte, die bereits vor einer CO2- Bepreisung zu den vulnerablen Gruppen gehören. Auch wenn der CO2-Preis an alle Haushalte ein wichtiges Signal sendet, ihren Energieverbrauch effizient und emissionsarm zu gestalten, deuten diese Ergebnisse an, dass vulnerable Haushalte neben einer entlastenden Rückverteilung gezielt in ihrem Anpassungsprozess unterstützt werden sollten. |
| Keywords: | Verteilungswirkung, CO2-Preis, Umverteilung |
| JEL: | D30 H23 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwimat:281197&r=env |
| By: | Davi-Arderius, Daniel (University of Barcelona & Chair of Energy Sustainability, Barcelona Institute of Economics (IEB), Spain. Copenhagen School of Energy Infrastructure (CSEI), Copenhagen Business School, Denmark); Jamasb, Tooraj (Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School); Rosellon, Juan (Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, Mexico; German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin), Germany; Center for Energy Studies, Rice University, USA; University of Barcelona & Chair of Energy Sustainability, Barcelona Institute of Economics (IEB), Spain.) |
| Abstract: | The 2022 energy crisis highlighted the dependence of the European electricity sector on imported natural gas. The European Union adopted measures to reduce gas consumption with peak shaving, energy efficiency, and accelerating the adoption of renewables. We investigate a well-known operational but under-researched issue related to integration of renewables, i.e. the need for conventional generation to ensure system operation requirements (inertia, frequency stability or voltage control) in highly decarbonized systems, which is essential for power system reliability. We analyze the rescheduled supply in Spain in the day-ahead market to respect network constraints, namely ‘redispatching’. Most of the activated volumes are synchronous generators (combined cycle or coal), while an equivalent volume of scheduled renewables (wind) is curtailed to balance the system. These actions have an annual cost of nearly 0.5b€, higher CO2 emissions, and reduce the savings in gas consumption. We also estimate how dispatched volumes evolve under programs that target demand or promote renewables. The Spanish case anticipates similar scenarios in other countries and in the EU. Our main conclusion is that some conventional generators are needed for safe operation of the system and RES and countries need to carefully assess whether to disconnect them from the network. Moreover, solving grid congestions is a necessary but not sufficient for efficient integration of renewables. Grid operators should increase digitalization investments and implement advanced grid planning and operation to anticipate operational constraints. |
| Keywords: | Renewables; Decarbonization; Generation mix; Redispatching; Renewable curtailment; Synchronous generators; Day-ahead market; Network constraints; Gas crisis; System operator; Smart grids; Digitalization |
| JEL: | L51 L94 Q41 Q42 |
| Date: | 2024–01–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cbsnow:2024_003&r=env |
| By: | Guiqiang Shi (NKU - Nankai University); Dehua Shen (NKU - Nankai University); Zhaobo Zhu (Audencia Business School) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the herding towards carbon neutrality in the Chinese stock market. We find that herding towards carbon neutrality does dynamically exist in the Chinese stock market. Specifically, herding is pronounced during the bear markets and market stress periods such as the post-COVID-19 period. There is a size effect for the herding behavior. Investor attention could significantly decrease the magnitude of herding. Our results hold in various robustness tests. This paper provides some important implications on the style investing, fads, and carbon neutrality. |
| Keywords: | Herding, Carbon neutrality, Investor attention, Cross-sectional volatility |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04348526&r=env |
| By: | Antoine Bouët (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique); Erica Perego (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique); Vincent Vicard (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique); Mathieu Fouquet (Commissariat général au développement durable - Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement durable et du Transport); Alexandre Godzinski (Commissariat général au développement durable - Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement durable et du Transport); Frédéric Ghersi (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sébastien Jean (LIRSA - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de recherche en sciences de l'action - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université); William l'Heudé (Direction Générale du Trésor); Vincent Aussilloux (France Stratégie); Romain Schweizer (France Stratégie); Christophe C. Gouel (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique, UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Paul Malliet (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); François Langot (CEPREMAP - Centre pour la recherche économique et ses applications - ECO ENS-PSL - Département d'économie de l'ENS-PSL - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres, GAINS - Groupe d'Analyse des Itinéraires et des Niveaux Salariaux - UM - Le Mans Université); Aude Pommeret (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc, France Stratégie); Fabien Tripier (Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres, CEPREMAP - Centre pour la recherche économique et ses applications - ECO ENS-PSL - Département d'économie de l'ENS-PSL - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres, LEDa - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Les conséquences économiques et environnementales des politiques françaises de transition énergétique doivent s'envisager dans le cadre d'une économie ouverte. Tout d'abord, le rythme des efforts et les modalités de la décarbonation de l'activité économique sont en partie dictés au niveau européen, comme dans le cas du marché de quotas d'émission pour les industries hautement émissives. Mais surtout, l'Accord de Paris inscrit l'effort français au sein d'une variété d'engagements nationaux de décarbonation, tant en termes d'ambition que d'instruments mis en œuvre pour y parvenir. Cette diversité des efforts et instruments au niveau international contribue à déterminer les effets économiques des choix faits en matière de politiques climatiques adoptées au niveau européen et français. Ce rapport propose un tour d'horizon synthétique de cette dimension internationale des politiques de transition énergétique. En dépit d'éléments communs, notamment leur objectif final de réduction de l'empreinte carbone de l'activité économique, les politiques climatiques des différents pays sont hétérogènes, qu'il s'agisse de leur ambition – à savoir le niveau de leurs engagements en termes de décarbonation – ou des politiques (prix, réglementations, subventions ou crédits d'impôt) mises en œuvre. Il est dès lors illusoire de tenter de réduire les effets de cette hétérogénéité à une métrique commune de l'effort de chaque pays, comme le serait un équivalent prix des mesures réglementaires ou incitatives en place dans les différents pays. |
| Keywords: | changement climatique, Compétitivité, Transition Energétique, Politique environmentale |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-04248556&r=env |
| By: | Antoine Bouët (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique); Erica Perego (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique); Vincent Vicard (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique); Mathieu Fouquet (Commissariat général au développement durable - Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement durable et du Transport); Alexandre Godzinski (Commissariat général au développement durable - Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement durable et du Transport); Frédéric Ghersi (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sébastien Jean (LIRSA - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de recherche en sciences de l'action - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université); William l'Heudé (Direction Générale du Trésor); Vincent Aussilloux (France Stratégie); Romain Schweizer (France Stratégie); Christophe C. Gouel (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique, UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Paul Malliet (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); François Langot (CEPREMAP - Centre pour la recherche économique et ses applications - ECO ENS-PSL - Département d'économie de l'ENS-PSL - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres, GAINS - Groupe d'Analyse des Itinéraires et des Niveaux Salariaux - UM - Le Mans Université); Aude Pommeret (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc, France Stratégie); Fabien Tripier (Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres, CEPREMAP - Centre pour la recherche économique et ses applications - ECO ENS-PSL - Département d'économie de l'ENS-PSL - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres, LEDa - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Les conséquences économiques et environnementales des politiques françaises de transition énergétique doivent s'envisager dans le cadre d'une économie ouverte. Tout d'abord, le rythme des efforts et les modalités de la décarbonation de l'activité économique sont en partie dictés au niveau européen, comme dans le cas du marché de quotas d'émission pour les industries hautement émissives. Mais surtout, l'Accord de Paris inscrit l'effort français au sein d'une variété d'engagements nationaux de décarbonation, tant en termes d'ambition que d'instruments mis en œuvre pour y parvenir. Cette diversité des efforts et instruments au niveau international contribue à déterminer les effets économiques des choix faits en matière de politiques climatiques adoptées au niveau européen et français. Ce rapport propose un tour d'horizon synthétique de cette dimension internationale des politiques de transition énergétique. En dépit d'éléments communs, notamment leur objectif final de réduction de l'empreinte carbone de l'activité économique, les politiques climatiques des différents pays sont hétérogènes, qu'il s'agisse de leur ambition – à savoir le niveau de leurs engagements en termes de décarbonation – ou des politiques (prix, réglementations, subventions ou crédits d'impôt) mises en œuvre. Il est dès lors illusoire de tenter de réduire les effets de cette hétérogénéité à une métrique commune de l'effort de chaque pays, comme le serait un équivalent prix des mesures réglementaires ou incitatives en place dans les différents pays. |
| Keywords: | changement climatique, Compétitivité, Transition Energétique, Politique environmentale |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:ciredw:hal-04248556&r=env |
| By: | Frédéric Ghersi (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Adam Poupard (X - École polytechnique, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Julien Lefevre (AgroParisTech, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Date: | 2023–12–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:ciredw:hal-04384918&r=env |
| By: | Hertwich, Edgar (Norwegian University of Science and Technology); Rasul, Kajwan; Koslowski, Maximilian |
| Abstract: | In industrial ecology, approaches have been developed to analyse the contribution of specific sectors to environmental impacts within supply chains. In economics, the analysis of key sectors has been undertaken through hypothetical extraction, in which the role of sectors is assessed as the effect of their removal on the solution of the input-output model. This manuscript offers a formal investigation of the relationship between these. It shows that both the analysis of supply chain impacts and of intersectoral linkages can be seen as special cases of a more general hypothetical extraction method (HEM) which also allows for the (partial) extraction of individual transactions. Further, the price model for HEM is introduced to identify the contribution of the extracted (target) sectors to the price or footprint of a commodity. It suggests that unit inputs of production factors should be included in linkage analysis, offering clearly interpretable results. |
| Date: | 2024–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:meqhx&r=env |
| By: | Carlsson, Fredrik (Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University); Johansson-Stenman, Olof (Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University); Kataria, Mitesh (Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University) |
| Abstract: | Based on a tailor-made survey, we find that experts – academics and civil servants – are much more willing than citizens in Sweden to accept liberty-reducing regulations. Moreover, both citizens and experts are more supportive of regulating negative internalities (in terms of health) than negative externalities (in terms of climate change). While less liberty-reducing policy instruments receive more support, around 20 percent of citizens and experts support very intrusive measures such as non-transferable individual quotas for air travel and unhealthy foods. Both experts and citizens prefer encouraging to discouraging information provision, while experts are more positive than citizens to tax instruments. |
| Keywords: | externalities; internalities; paternalism; experts; citizens |
| JEL: | D04 D62 D91 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–01–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:gunwpe:0841&r=env |
| By: | Kohnert, Dirk |
| Abstract: | The African continent is increasingly becoming a battleground in the race between superpowers for access to critical minerals needed for the 'Green Revolution', such as rare earth minerals (REE). Companies from China, the USA and Russia play a major role. In most cases, critical minerals are mined by international mining companies supported by their governments and organizing complex global value chains. So far, China has dominated supply chains and has secured mining contracts across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Currently, China produces 58% of all REEs worldwide. It is the main importer of minerals from Africa, with mineral exports from sub-Saharan Africa to China totalling USD 10 bn in 2019. Its dominance of the global rare earths market is rooted in politics, not geography. Rare earths are neither that rare nor that concentrated in China. Beijing has adopted a strategy of imports, dumping and control of rare earths that is hardly consistent with WTO rules. Therefore, in June 2022, a newly founded 'Minerals Security Partnership', consisting of the USA, the EU, Great Britain and other Western industrialized countries, invited mineral-rich African countries to counter Chinese dominance. These included resource-rich countries such as South Africa, Botswana, Angola, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The West's push became even more urgent after Beijing imposed export controls on the strategic metals gallium and germanium in July 2023, sparking global fears that China could be next to block exports of rare earth or processing technology. Because African markets are small, they are forced to rely on foreign financing. However, so far, foreign direct investment in rare earth production has confirmed the 'pollution haven' hypothesis about the environmentally harmful effects of FDI flowing into the affected countries. Although the full potential of rare earths in SSA has remained largely untapped due to low exploration, the dark side of the energy transition is becoming increasingly visible. These include pollution of soil, air and water as well as inadequate disposal of toxic residues and intensive water and energy use, occupational and environmental risks, child labour and sexual abuse as well as corruption and armed conflicts. In August 2023, Nigeria, Africa's largest economy, suspended certain illegal Chinese mining activities within its borders, including the activities of Ruitai Mining Company due to its involvement in illegal titanium ore mining. Namibia and the DR Congo followed suit. |
| Keywords: | Seltene Erden; Energiewende; Klimawandel; Umweltverschmutzung; Schwellenländer; Subsahara-Afrika; EU; Minerals Security Partnership; Südafrika; Nigeria; DR Kongo; Afrikastudien; |
| JEL: | D24 D43 D52 E23 F13 F18 F23 F51 F63 F64 L13 L61 L63 L72 N17 N57 Q33 Q53 Z13 |
| Date: | 2024–01–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119844&r=env |
| By: | Michael Keen (UTokyo - The University of Tokyo) |
| Abstract: | This book is a lightly revised version of a report prepared for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, France, under the platform Mobilisation des Ressources Intérieures Publiques (MRIP). It provides an overview of core issues in thinking about and advising on tax-based approaches to environmental problems in developing countries. The aim is to bring a rigorous and practicable public finance perspective to the environmental challenges faced by developing countries, with a focus on those over which they have some control. Special attention is paid to nineteen ‘priority countries, ' mainly Francophone and all but one in sub-Sharan Africa. The hope and intent, of course, is that the discussion and analysis have wider application and interest beyond these countries. |
| Abstract: | Cet ouvrage est une version légèrement révisée d'un rapport préparé pour le ministère français de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères, dans le cadre de la plateforme Mobilisation des Ressources Intérieures Publiques (MRIP). Il fournit une revue des principales questions relatives à la fiscalité environnementale des pays en développement. L'objectif est d'apporter un point de vue pratique et rigoureux des finances publiques pour répondre aux défis environnementaux auxquels sont confrontés les pays en développement. Une attention particulière est accordée à dix-neuf «pays prioritaires», principalement francophones et tous situés en Afrique subsaharienne sauf un. L'espoir et l'intention, bien sûr, sont que la discussion et l'analyse aient une application et un intérêt plus larges au-delà de ces pays. |
| Keywords: | Taxation, Environment, Developing countries, fiscalité, environnement, Pays en développement |
| Date: | 2023–12–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04380458&r=env |
| By: | Shital Sharma; Wang Jin |
| Abstract: | This note provides documentation for method used in processing and matching EPA Facility Registry System (FRS) data to the County Business Patterns Business Register (CBPBR). The Link matches an FRSID - an establishment level identifier for establishments that report their environmental performance to EPA to lbdnum by year. Matching was performed using Fuzzy name and address matching using SAS DQ server and STATA. The linkages start in 1980 and end in 2020. |
| Keywords: | CBPBR, LBD, SSEL |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:tnotes:24-01&r=env |
| By: | Huzaifa Shamsi |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on firm risk, focusing on supply chain disruptions and their spillover effects on environmental commitments. The research highlights the crucial role of information channels in mitigating these challenges. Employing a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) regression design, the findings reveal a significant increase in default probability among US-incorporated firms with heightened foreign relationships post-COVID-19, particularly those connected to Chinese supply chains. Additionally, firms with foreign relationships show a decline in environmental commitments, suggesting prioritization of survival during adversity. Notably, companies with robust information channels with industry peers exhibit resilience against supply chain disruptions. |
| Date: | 2024–01–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iim:iimawp:14707&r=env |
| By: | Patricia Crifo (École polytechnique, CREST and E4C, France and CIRANO, Canada) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines why a growth process relying on both green innova tion and green human capital may be responsible for higher inequality within and between skills. We propose a theoretical framework and derive some em pirical observations using data from more than 2000 companies in 21 OECD countries in 2022. We discuss the policy implications of this analysis in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led many governments to place green investment at the heart of their recovery plans. |
| Keywords: | Environment, Skill Supply, Innovation-driven Growth |
| JEL: | O33 Q50 J24 |
| Date: | 2024–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crs:wpaper:2024-02&r=env |
| By: | Daniel de Wolf (TVES - Territoires, Villes, Environnement & Société - ULR 4477 - ULCO - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale - Université de Lille); Yves Smeers (CORE - Center of Operation Research and Econometrics [Louvain] - UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain) |
| Abstract: | In the current context of the ban on fossil fuel vehicles (diesel and petrol) adopted by several European cities, the question arises of the development of the infrastructure for the distribution of alternative energies, namely hydrogen (for fuel cell electric vehicles) and electricity (for battery electric vehicles). First, we compare the main advantages/constraints of the two alternative propulsion modes for the user. The main advantages of hydrogen vehicles are autonomy and fast recharging. The main advantages of battery-powered vehicles are the lower price and the wide availability of the electricity grid. We then review the existing studies on the deployment of new hydrogen distribution networks and compare the deployment costs of hydrogen and electricity distribution networks. Finally, we conclude with some personal conclusions on the benefits of developing both modes and ideas for future studies on the subject. |
| Abstract: | Dans le contexte actuel d'interdiction des véhicules à énergies fossiles (diesel et essence) adoptée par plusieurs villes européennes, la question se pose du développement des infrastructures de distribution des énergies alternatives, à savoir l'hydrogène (pour les véhicules électriques à pile à combustible) et l'électricité ( pour les véhicules électriques à batterie). Dans un premier temps, nous comparons les principaux avantages/contraintes des deux modes de propulsion alternatifs pour l'utilisateur. Les principaux avantages des véhicules à hydrogène sont l'autonomie et la recharge rapide. Les principaux avantages des véhicules alimentés par batterie sont leur prix inférieur et la large disponibilité du réseau électrique. Nous passons ensuite en revue les études existantes sur le déploiement de nouveaux réseaux de distribution d'hydrogène et comparons les coûts de déploiement des réseaux de distribution d'hydrogène et d'électricité. Enfin, nous concluons par quelques conclusions personnelles sur les avantages de développer à la fois des modes et des idées pour de futures études sur le sujet. |
| Keywords: | battery electric vehicles fuel cell electric vehicles advantages and limitations distribution costs, battery electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, advantages and limitations, distribution costs |
| Date: | 2023–09–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04367656&r=env |
| By: | Saleh Ghobbeh; Armita Atrian |
| Abstract: | This study explores the impact of spiritual intelligence (SI) on technostress, with a focus on the mediating role of the ethical environment. In an era where technological advancements continually reshape our work and personal lives, understanding the interplay between human intelligence, well-being, and ethics within organizations is increasingly significant. Spiritual intelligence, transcending traditional cognitive and emotional intelligences, emphasizes understanding personal meaning and values. This paper investigates how higher levels of SI enable individuals to integrate technology into their lives without undue stress, and how a robust ethical environment within organizations supports and amplifies these benefits. Through a comprehensive review of literature, empirical research, and detailed analysis, the study highlights the protective role of SI against technostress and the significant influence of an ethical climate in enhancing this effect. The findings offer valuable insights for organizational strategies aimed at promoting a harmonious, stress-free workplace environment. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2401.03658&r=env |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | The study of labour market inclusion serves to analyse the processes whereby people join the labour market and the characteristics of the jobs that they obtain. This publication analyses the labour market inclusion challenges that various groups in situations of vulnerability face in terms of the future of work, in particular women, young people, people of African descent and Indigenous Peoples. Labour markets in Latin America are undergoing significant interrelated and overlapping changes that threaten to exacerbate existing inequalities. These changes include those related to economic globalization and the restructuring of international trade; population ageing and migration; the digital economy and workplace automation; and climate change and the challenge of ensuring a just transition. Future labour trends call for an urgent reduction in the structural inequalities that define the region's labour markets to ensure that everyone can work together to meet emerging challenges and that countries and territories can take advantage of new opportunities to implement inclusive and sustainable development models. |
| Date: | 2023–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:68718&r=env |
| By: | Ragasa, Catherine; Kyle, Jordan; Onoja, Anthony Ojonimi; Achika, Anthonia I.; Adejoh, Stella O.; Onyenekwe, Chinasa S; Koledoye, Gbenga; Ujor, Gloria C.; Nwali, Perpetual Nkechi |
| Abstract: | Women’s equal participation and leadership in political and public life can boost a country’s long-run economic growth, foster social inclusion, and help countries reach the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Beyond these important outcomes, women’s inclusion in public life is a basic human right: women deserve a role in making decisions, controlling resources, and shaping policies. Despite the importance of women’s voices and their empowerment in policy and decision-making processes, it is far easier to lament their absence than to define and measure them. We know that political empowerment, measured in terms of the share of women in government ministries and parliament, is low and is the weakest dimension in the Global Gender Gap. Yet such national statistics, while important and informative, risk mismeasuring women’s participation and influence in public life and do not give policymakers and advocacy organizations traction on specific gaps and opportunities for increasing women’s voice in policymaking. With this situation in mind and focusing on agrifood systems, which are crucial for delivering the SDGs, we developed an assessment framework—Women’s Empowerment in Agrifood Governance (WEAGov)— to assess women’s voice and empowerment in national policy processes in agrifood systems. This paper presents the first pilot-testing of WEAGov in Nigeria. In this paper, we present how the WEAGov tool works in the Nigerian context, analyze the data, and provide diagnostic on the status of women’s voice and empowerment in the agrifood policy process. As discussed in this paper, the pilot-testing in Nigeria provides useful lessons toward improving the measurement for future use and provides valuable policy insights on critical entry points for increasing women’s voice and empowerment in the national agrifood policy process. |
| Keywords: | women's empowerment; policies; agrifood systems; governance; gender; NIGERIA; WEST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2222&r=env |
| By: | Nicolai Suppa (University of Barcelona (GiM-IREA) and Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), University of Oxford.); Sabina Alkire (Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), University of Oxford.); Ricardo Nogales (Universidad Privada Bolivana and Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), University Oxford.) |
| Abstract: | It is widely acknowledged that for efficient progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), their interlinkages have to be taken into account. The global Multidimensional Poverty Index is based on ten deprivations indicators each of which is aligned with specific SDGs, and the overlap of these deprivations already figures prominently in the way poverty is measured by this index, i.e. as multiple deprivation. In this paper we complement previous analyses with a novel account to explore how deprivations are interlinked and how these interconnections vary across the developing world. More specifically, we suggest to analyse deprivations within our measurement framework using profiles, bundles, and co-deprivations which each illuminate particular aspects of the joint distribution of deprivations. Additionally, we apply latent class analysis to corroborate our findings and to uncover additional insights. We use data for 111 countries representing 6.1 billion people to document key patterns at the global level and selected findings for world regions and countries, which may serve as a useful benchmark for more in-depth analyses. We also discuss how our approach may be adopted to different settings and how it can inform multi-sectoral policy programmes. |
| Keywords: | Multidimensional poverty; Global MPI; Joint distribution of deprivations. JEL classification: I32. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202321&r=env |
| By: | Navarro, Adoracion M.; Camara, Jethro El L. |
| Abstract: | Given the frequent observation that the Philippine energy sector is complex, this study provides a structured review of issues in the sector. The structured review method is usually employed to systematically introduce readers to the complexities of a broad topic, such as the convolutions of a problem, the intricacies of a theme or sector, or the conjectures about a new trend or technology. The study starts with a discussion of the physical flows of energy via a Sankey diagram of energy flows in the Philippines, and then proceeds to describe the upstream oil, gas, and coal industry, the downstream oil industry, the renewable energy development industry, and the electric power industry. The discussion includes the market structure, regulatory framework, and issues in each industry. As the analysis shows, structuring the understanding of the energy sector by component industry is a useful approach to untangling the complexities of the sector. As part of the concluding remarks, the study claims that another useful approach is to look at problems in the energy sector as cross-cutting concerns or cutting across several industries, such as the energy affordability problem. All the issues identified in the study can be considered future research areas by public and private entities interested in Philippine energy sector research because all those issues are affecting the country’s energy security. Nevertheless, what may be considered as priority future research areas at present are energy affordability concerns and issues that can be addressed by amending the EPIRA. Comments to this paper are welcome within 60 days from the date of posting. Email publications@pids.gov.ph. |
| Keywords: | energy;upstream industry;downstream oil industry;renewable energy;electric power industry;energy security;energy affordability;clean energy transition |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:dpaper:dp_2023-50&r=env |
| By: | Lei Shen; Qingyue Shi; Vinit Parida; Marin Jovanovic |
| Abstract: | This study ventures into the dynamic realm of ecosystem orchestration for industrial firms, emphasizing its significance in maintaining competitive advantage in the digital era. The fragmented research on this important subject poses challenges for firms aiming to navigate and capitalize on ecosystem orchestration. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a comprehensive qualitative meta-analysis of 31 case studies and identified multifaceted orchestration practices employed by industrial firms. The core contribution of this research is the illumination of five interdependent but interrelated orchestration practices: strategic design, relational, resource integration, technological, and innovation. Together, these practices are synthesized into an integrative framework termed the "Stirring Model, " which serves as a practical guide to the orchestration practices. Furthermore, the conceptual framework clarifies the synergy between the identified practices and highlights their collective impact. This study proposes theoretical and practical implications for ecosystem orchestration literature and suggests avenues for further research. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2401.04526&r=env |
| By: | Noaman ZERIOUH (FSJES-Souissi, UM5 - Faculty of Law, Economic and Social Sciences of Souissi, Mohammed V University of Rabat) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to analyze the challenges and opportunities that companies will have in the new post-COVID-19 reality and the role that CSR can play in helping companies survive in the immediate future and prosper in the long term. This work is qualitative, using research texts, electronic media, specialized business and health magazines, national and inter-national newspapers. Recapitulating, a return to the pre-pandemic situation will not be possi-ble. The crisis opens opportunities to support policies that are sustainable with the environment and that promote human and labor rights. Consumer demand, companies' supplier networks, their sources of cash, financing, and liquidity have changed. Companies can find useful tools in CSR programs to adapt to the new reality. |
| Abstract: | L'objectif de ce papier est d'analyser les défis et les opportunités auxquels les entreprises seront confrontées dans la nouvelle réalité post-COVID-19 et le rôle que la RSE peut jouer pour aider les entreprises à survivre dans l'avenir immédiat et à prospérer à long terme. Ce travail est qualitatif, utilisant des textes de recherche, des médias électroniques, des magazines de gestion et de santé, des journaux nationaux et internationaux. En résumé, il ne sera pas possible de revenir à la situation antérieure à la pandémie. La crise offre des opportunités de soutenir des politiques écologiquement durables qui promeuvent les droits de l'homme et les droits du travail. La demande des consommateurs, les réseaux de fournisseurs des entreprises, leurs sources de financement, l'utilisation des fonds et les liquidités ont changé. Les entreprises peuvent trouver dans les programmes de RSE des outils utiles pour s'adapter à la nouvelle réalité. |
| Keywords: | CSR, Sustainable management, COVID-19, Crisis management, Management crisis, RSE, Management durable, Management de crise, Crise de management, Crise de management CSR |
| Date: | 2023–05–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04365732&r=env |
| By: | Kosec, Katrina; Kyle, Jordan; Takeshima, Hiroyuki |
| Abstract: | One argument in favor of quotas for women’s representation in political office is that female politicians can break down gender barriers more broadly, inspiring individual women to participate politically. In many African countries, where gender gaps in political participation are large, identifying effective strategies to reduce gender imbalances is critical. Recurring climate and conflict shocks are making this task more urgent, to ensure that women’s voices are included when designing responses to those shocks and as it is possible that climate and conflict shocks could widen participation gaps. Using data from 13 African countries on women’s representation in subnational political offices as well as survey data on individual political participation, we find, first, that women’s representation in local office is associated with higher political participation by individual women (but not by men) in this context. Second, using geo-referenced data on shocks, we show that violent conflict shocks in particular lower political participation for everyone, although the effects are stronger for men compared to women in the 12-month frame that we consider here. Third, we find that, when women leaders hold local political office, the negative effects of conflict shocks on political participation are mitigated for women. These analyses offer important new insights into the relationship between women’s political representation and women’s individual political activity within the context of shocks. |
| Keywords: | gender; women; women's participation; political systems; conflicts; shock; climate; fragility; AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; CENTRAL AFRICA; EAST AFRICA; NORTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; WEST AFRICA |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2230&r=env |
| By: | Daniel Aparicio-Pérez (Department of Finance and Accounting, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain); Jordi Ripollés (Institute of International Economics and Department of Economics, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to identify the heterogeneity in the resource-growth nexus and explore the relative importance of the potential factors that may drive it. By exploiting a panel dataset of 97 countries from 1990 to 2019, we employ the Group Fixed Effect estimator of Bonhomme and Manresa (2015) to endogenously identify groups of countries with different time-varying patterns of economic growth that, in addition, present a heterogeneous economic response to changes in natural resource wealth. Subsequently, we employ an ordered probit to characterize the identified heterogeneity, assessing the relevance of multiple institutional factors and other transmission channels. Our findings indicate that the effect of natural resources on economic growth varies significantly among groups of countries, particularly in relation to the quality of economic and political institutions, social capital, export diversification, and financial development. |
| Keywords: | Economic growth; Grouped fixed effects; Heterogeneity; Institutions; Natural resources; Ordered probit. |
| JEL: | C23 O13 O43 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jau:wpaper:2024/02&r=env |
| By: | Esin Serin; Nicholas Stern; Anna Valero; John Van Reenen; Bob Ward; Dimitri Zenghelis |
| Abstract: | It is now widely accepted that the UK has a major productivity growth problem, with chronic underinvestment across both the public and private sectors being a key cause. Continued low public investment, as laid out in the Chancellor's Autumn Statement of 2023, and ongoing barriers to business investment in productive and sustainable assets, are inconsistent with success in international markets and will likely lead to more stagnation. Investing in the opportunities afforded by the global transition to an efficient, resilient and inclusive economy needs to be a bigger part of restoring productivity and output growth for the UK to gain a competitive lead in the innovative markets of the 21st century. This report sets out the need for long-lasting institutional and policy frameworks that can induce investment in a broad range of assets. These assets drive technological, institutional and behavioural innovation. The report is intended to guide policymakers to manage a structural transition, by taking advantage of the opportunity associated with the sustainable, intelligent and resilient economy while minimising the disruption and risks associated with assets being left redundant and devalued in the economy of the 21st century. |
| Keywords: | growth, UK, investment, productivity |
| Date: | 2024–01–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepsps:43&r=env |
| By: | Chatzinikolaou, Dimos (Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Economics); Vlados, Charis (Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This chapter investigates the physiological transformation of small firms in a less developed regional business ecosystem facing multiple development problems, barriers, and inadequacies. We present four field surveys we recently conducted in the peripheral Greek region of Eastern Macedonia–Thrace, on a sample of 230 small entrepreneurs, exploring their perception of the following conceptual triangles: (a) Crisis–Innovation–Change Management, (b) Strategy–Technology–Management, and (c) Human Resource Management–Education and Training–Innovation. We conclude that the sample firms exhibit symptoms of monad-centric business structuring and perceptual-functional weaknesses, which are due to their “traditional” physiology. These comparative weaknesses seem structurally and bi-directionally linked to the low competitiveness of this regional socioeconomic system. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurship; less-developed regions; evolutionary economics; biological metaphors; evolutionary view of the firm; Stra.Tech.Man (Strategy–Technology–Management); evolutionary organisational physiology; business monad-centredness; business massiveness; business flexibility; Greek entrepreneurial |
| JEL: | B52 L10 |
| Date: | 2023–12–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:duthrp:2023_005&r=env |
| By: | Congdon Fors, Heather (Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University) |
| Abstract: | The focus of this report is on child labour, which is a main component of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8.7. After providing a brief background on child labour, this report provides an overview of the factors that research has identified as main contributors to child labor, categorized broadly as either microeconomic factors, macroeconomic factors, or other household factors. Microeconomic factors include household poverty, market imperfections, and the role of education in shaping outcomes while macroeconomic factors include economic growth and globalization. Other relevant parental and household factors are also discussed, such as altruism and cultural norms. The report next provides an overview of policies aimed at combating child labor, including policies related to the legal framework, poverty reduction initiatives, and access to education. A critical evaluation of the indicator used to measure child labor is conducted, focusing on standardization, measurement accuracy, conceptualization, and areas for potential improvement. Finally, the report identifies major challenges faced in eradicating child labor. |
| Keywords: | child labour; policy; sustainable development goals |
| JEL: | D13 J13 J22 O12 |
| Date: | 2024–01–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:gunwpe:0840&r=env |
| By: | Kohnert, Dirk |
| Abstract: | The European Union (EU) finds itself in a critical need for rare earths, particularly the refined products essential for the production of electric cars, turbines, and other technological applications. However, the refining process is not only energy-intensive but also poses significant environmental risks. Consequently, local communities, as evidenced by instances in Spain and Portugal, vehemently oppose having such operations in their vicinity, advocating a "beggar thy neighbour" policy. The EU currently relies heavily on China, which controls the majority of global processing, commanding 90% of all rare earths and 60% of lithium. In response to these challenges, the EU took a crucial step in November 2023 by reaching a preliminary agreement on the European Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA). This legislative initiative aims to enhance and diversify the EU's supply of critical raw materials (CRM), foster the circular economy, fortify Europe's strategic autonomy, and explore alternatives to mitigate dependence. Recent transnational crises, including disruptions to supply chains during the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's invasion of Ukraine, underscore the imperative of secure supply chains across all economic sectors. These crises also underscore the significant influence wielded by major emerging economies, notably the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), which dominate key global supply chains, including those for critical raw materials (CRMs). Russia plays a pivotal role as one of the world's largest suppliers of palladium (40% of global supply), the second-largest supplier of platinum (13%) and nickel (12%), and a substantial contributor of aluminium and copper. Furthermore, Russia possesses the potential to emerge as a major player in the rare earths market due to its extensive reserves. The country also accounts for a considerable share of the EU's acquisitions, including palladium (41%), platinum (16%), cobalt (5%), and lithium (4%). Notably, Russia serves as the primary EU source for platinum group metals processing (iridium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium; 40%), phosphate rock extraction (20%), lithium processing (4%), and scandium processing (1%). To attain greater independence in external CRM provision, the EU must make significant investments in its mining and processing facilities. However, mining represents merely the initial phase; subsequent steps involve the separation of rare earth elements (REE) from oxides, refining, and alloy forging a complex, highly specialized, multi-stage process. In this regard, relative newcomers like Europe lag behind, as China has solidified its dominant position in each phase through a concerted, long-term industrial strategy supported by state subsidies. |
| Keywords: | terres rare; transition énergétique; changement climatique; pollution; marchés émergents; autonomie stratégique; Russie; UE; BRICS; Allemagne; France; Italie; USA; Chine; Minerals Security Partnership; Critical Raw Materials Act; politique industrielle; |
| JEL: | D24 D43 D52 E23 F13 F18 F23 F51 F63 F64 L13 L61 L63 L72 N14 N54 Q33 Q53 Z13 |
| Date: | 2024–01–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119984&r=env |
| By: | Newbery, D. |
| Abstract: | Ambitious plans to decarbonise electricity will require high levels of variable renewable electricity (VRE). At high VRE penetration, the surplus that cannot be exported must be curtailed (spilled). The last MW of wind capacity will be curtailed 3+ time more hours than the average, but even in efficiently designed markets, price signals for VRE investment are given by average, not marginal, curtailment, creating a “tragedy of the commons†that requires a corrective charge to restore efficiency. The paper sets out an analytical model calibrated to Ireland in 2026, showing the source of this distortion and estimates of its magnitude. |
| Keywords: | renewable electricity, marginal wind curtailment, integration costs, market failures, inertia charges |
| JEL: | H23 L94 Q28 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2023–12–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2353&r=env |
| By: | Kannan, Elumalai; Kumar, Anjani |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzed the determinants of India’s virtual water trade in crops and crop products for the period 2001 to 2020. The study used product data at the 6-digit level of commodity classification, covering 206 commodities traded across 218 partner countries. Analysis shows that India has a favorable virtual water trade balance and terms of trade with its partner countries. Among the commodities traded, rice accounted for over one-fourth of the total volume of virtual water exported, and sunflower/safflower oil constitute over one-third of the total volume of virtual water imported. No consistent pattern was observed with regard to the level of endowment of water resources of export destination countries. Gravity model results revealed, as expected, that partner countries’ GDP and population size had a positive effect on virtual water exports, while distance had a negative effect. The coefficient of membership in a free trade agreement (FTA) was negative and statistically significant, implying that FTA member countries are sensitive to the trading of water-intensive agricultural products. The effect of amount of arable land on virtual water exports was negative; this implies that larger virtual water exports correlate with land constraints in a destination country that impede domestic agricultural production. The water endowment variables did not show any significant relationship with virtual water export flows, which confirms the finding in the literature that the water stress of a partner countries does not affect the direction of virtual water flows. |
| Keywords: | water; trade; crops; commodities; trade liberalization; INDIA; SOUTH ASIA; ASIA |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2213&r=env |
| By: | David Ortiz Haro (InSyTE - Interdisciplinary research on Society-Technology-Environment - UTT - Université de Technologie de Troyes, UTT - Université Technologique de Troyes); Patrick Laclémence (InSyTE - Interdisciplinary research on Society-Technology-Environment - UTT - Université de Technologie de Troyes, UTT - Université Technologique de Troyes); Audrey Morel Senatore (CERISC - Centre d'études et de recherche interdisciplinaires sur la Sécurité civile - Ensosp - École Nationale Supérieure des Officiers de Sapeurs Pompiers, AMU - Aix Marseille Université) |
| Abstract: | The aftermath of Storm Alex in Southeastern France highlighted new avenues for human interaction during disasters. Unfortunately, authorities and rescue personnel often perceive populations as passive actors, overlooking their potential as valuable human resources. This perspective fails to recognise their active role. It's crucial to study how local communities behaved and established solidarity alongside official institutions' activities. Upon analyzing accounts from local residents, authorities and rescue personnel, we have identified unique social and organisational aspects. Robust social networks and bonds among stakeholders illustrate the presence of a Westernised adaptation of ancestral collective practices. Comparable ancestral collective behaviours exist worldwide, such as The Minga in Andean countries, Moyai-Naoshi in Japan, or Twiza in certain Arab nations. These cultural practices serve as collective mechanisms for addressing both collective and individual challenges in the wake of disasters. They represent ancestral collective units and practices with diverse functionalities that transcend boundaries. In the case of Storm Alex, these communal survival units and practices were automatically activated during and following a 48 hour complete blackout. We observe its emergence in the qualitative analysis of ninety eight interviews. For operational purposes in the French context, we refer to it as "MINGAS" which stands for "Mouvement d'intervention immédiate, générosité et actions solidaires" or "Immediate intervention movement for generosity and solidarity actions". Notably, we have observed that this movement remains active in the long term after the disaster. The key to the success of this unit lies in the culture of sharing embraced by the valleys' inhabitants. Continuous mutual aid and acts of solidarity have empowered local residents and serve as an example of social resilience. After the event people have shown a heightened sense of responsibility. However a work with state institutions is necessary for a better coordination but it remains unfinished. |
| Abstract: | Les conséquences de la tempête Alex dans le sud-est de la France ont mis en lumière de nouvelles possibilités d'interaction humaine en cas de catastrophe. Malheureusement, les autorités et le personnel de secours perçoivent souvent les populations comme des acteurs passifs, négligeant leur potentiel en tant que ressources humaines précieuses. Cette perspective ne reconnaît pas leur rôle actif. Il est essentiel d'étudier comment les communautés locales se sont comportées et ont établi une solidarité parallèlement aux activités des institutions officielles. En analysant les récits des habitants, des autorités et du personnel de secours, nous avons identifié des aspects sociaux et organisationnels uniques. Des réseaux sociaux solides et des liens entre les parties prenantes illustrent la présence d'une adaptation occidentalisée de pratiques collectives ancestrales. Des comportements collectifs ancestraux comparables existent dans le monde entier, comme la Minga dans les pays andins, le Moyai-Naoshi au Japon ou la Twiza dans certains pays arabes. es pratiques culturelles servent de mécanismes collectifs pour relever les défis collectifs et individuels à la suite d'une catastrophe. Elles représentent des unités et des pratiques collectives ancestrales dotées de diverses fonctionnalités qui transcendent les frontières. Dans le cas de la tempête Alex, ces unités et pratiques communautaires de survie ont été automatiquement activées pendant et après une panne d'électricité totale de 48 heures. Nous en observons l'émergence dans l'analyse qualitative de quatre-vingt-dix-huit entretiens. Pour des raisons opérationnelles dans le contexte français, nous l'appelons "MINGAS", ce qui signifie "Mouvement d'intervention immédiate, générosité et actions solidaires" ou "Immediate intervention movement for generosity and solidarity actions". Nous avons notamment constaté que ce mouvement reste actif sur le long terme après la catastrophe. La clé du succès de cette unité réside dans la culture du partage adoptée par les habitants des vallées. L'entraide permanente et les actes de solidarité ont renforcé les capacités des résidents locaux et servent d'exemple de résilience sociale. Après l'événement, les gens ont fait preuve d'un sens accru des responsabilités. Toutefois, un travail avec les institutions publiques est nécessaire pour une meilleure coordination, mais il n'est pas encore achevé. |
| Keywords: | Community Resilience, Disasters, Mutual Aid, Sharing Practices, Solidarity |
| Date: | 2023–12–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04363795&r=env |
| By: | Simshauser, P.; Newbery, D. |
| Abstract: | In Australia’s National Electricity Market (NEM), 170+ renewable and battery storage projects reached financial close from 2016-2022, totalling 24GW and $46 billion. With an investment supercycle, not all projects arrive smoothly. Some investors experienced entry frictions from system strength constraints, adverse movements in Marginal Loss Factors and network congestion. Whether these outcomes – which impacted ~20% of entrants – represented workable results in a properly functioning market due to investment error, or arose because of market design defects requiring policy attention, is an open question. An issue that NEM policy advisors are seeking to reform is the non-firm, open access regime. Policy focus is warranted. The ratio of maximum to average wind output is ~3x while solar PV is 4x. Consequently as renewable market share increases, rising levels of curtailment are predictable through excess generation and negative price events, network congestion, or both. But care must be taken with access reform because well-intended ‘intuitive policy prescriptions’ can produce the exact opposite effects by constraining REZ asset productivity, compounding complexity and slow renewable entry rates – the critical variable being the difference between average and marginal curtailment rates. Malalignment between access policy and over-the-counter forward market conventions may distort entry, raise consumer prices and harm welfare. |
| Keywords: | Renewables, Network Congestion, Curtailment, Marginal Curtailment, Renewable Energy Zones |
| JEL: | D52 D53 G12 L94 Q40 |
| Date: | 2023–12–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2363&r=env |
| By: | CIRANO |
| Abstract: | → Où vont nos déchets plastiques ? Sophie Bernard, Florence Lapointe and Julien Martin → Monter dans le train et gravir l’échelle sociale - Le rôle de la mobilité géographique dans la lutte contre les inégalités au Québec Yacine Boujija, Marie Connolly and Xavier St-Denis → Le pessimisme risque de nous plonger dans une récession Kevin Moran, Dalibor Stevanovic and Adam Abdel Kader Touré → L’écofiscalité comme outil de résilience et d’adaptation aux changements climatiques Jean-Philippe Meloche → Le soutien financier aux études postsecondaires a-t-il un impact sur les choix des jeunes ? Christian Belzil and Julie Pernaudet → Où vont nos déchets plastiques ? Sophie Bernard, Florence Lapointe et Julien Martin → Monter dans le train et gravir l’échelle sociale - Le rôle de la mobilité géographique dans la lutte contre les inégalités au Québec Yacine Boujija, Marie Connolly et Xavier St-Denis → Le pessimisme risque de nous plonger dans une récession Kevin Moran, Dalibor Stevanovic et Adam Abdel Kader Touré → L’écofiscalité comme outil de résilience et d’adaptation aux changements climatiques Jean-Philippe Meloche → Le soutien financier aux études postsecondaires a-t-il un impact sur les choix des jeunes ? Christian Belzil et Julie Pernaudet |
| Date: | 2024–01–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:circah:2023rj-02&r=env |