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on Environmental Economics |
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Issue of 2024‒01‒29
sixty-four papers chosen by Francisco S. Ramos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
| By: | Gugler, Klaus; Szücs, Florian; Wiedenhofer, Thomas |
| Abstract: | This article evaluates if and to which extent policy can steer innovation towards eco-friendly technologies. We construct a cross-country dataset on sectoral green innovation and complement it with data on policies designed to address environmental market failures: environmental taxes, regulation, and R&D subsidies. While all of these tools exert a positive effect on green innovation, our IV estimates reveal substantial heterogeneities across policies. Overall, green innovation reacts most strongly to R&D subsidies for renewables, but interaction effects between different policies need to be considered. |
| Keywords: | climate change; environmental policies; directed technological change; green patents; regulation; taxes; R&D |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wus005:59343718&r=env |
| By: | Darlington Agbonifi (Department of Economics (University of Verona)) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents an integrated methodology to simultaneously estimate the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of public-financed investments in green projects on the labor markets, value-added, and households induced consumption expenditures in a multiregional economy in equilibrium. I construct a novel dataset and implement an environmentally integrated multiregional social accounting matrix (EI-MRSAM) modelling technique on the regional macroeconomic investment analyses for Italy. Results show that Lombardy’s intra-regional investment impact on value-added (GDP) share accounts for almost 78%, while 22% accrues to the rest of Italy in terms of interregional value-added spillover effects through trade channels. The public investments impact on the regional and national economy decreases by around 10% of value-added after internalizing the environmental costs of climate change damages induced by industrial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. I then conduct a counterfactual ex-ante macro-policy evaluation of an endogenous increase by 25% of the baseline investments to each of thematic missions which represents the key areas of the public policy interventions. I find that the return-on-investment in digital and innovative public-administration as most efficient in terms of potential regional value-added growth compared to other counterfactual outcomes. The impact on consumption expenditures and induced GHG emissions are also consistent with those of value-added. |
| Keywords: | EI-MRSAM model, investments in green projects, value-added GDP, climate change, GHG emissions, environmental valuation, digital transformation |
| JEL: | C67 D57 F18 H54 Q56 R12 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ver:wpaper:02/2024&r=env |
| By: | Sileo, Antonio; Bonacina, Monica |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the effects of the latest European regulations on carbon emissions on the Italian car market and discusses the possibility of achieving climate neutrality of road transport through the “mere” replacement of cars currently on the road with new zero-emission cars. Since 2016, automakers’ production strategies have changed dramatically, with an increasing number of zero (and low) emission models on car lists. To date, these changes on the supply side have not been matched by similar changes in purchasing habits. In recent years, not only have few zero (and low) emission cars been sold, but also few new cars. Unless epoch-making changes occur, it is completely unrealistic to think that we can achieve climate neutrality by 2050 by leveraging exclusively on the renewal of the fleet. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–01–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:339238&r=env |
| By: | Rashid, Redowan |
| Abstract: | This article examines the moral aspects of greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, and the developing field of greenhouse gas removal (GGR). This text highlights the importance of urgently tackling climate change in accordance with ethical standards. It explores the ethical dilemmas presented by global warming, with a particular focus on the unequal impact it has on disadvantaged communities. The statement delineates six fundamental ethical principles, drawing upon UNESCO's guidelines on climate change. These principles encompass the avoidance of harm, the adoption of a precautionary approach, the promotion of equality and justice, the pursuit of sustainable development, the fostering of solidarity, and the incorporation of scientific information in decision-making. The study addresses three primary ethical dilemmas associated with greenhouse gas emissions, specifically emphasizing the need for international collaboration, the long-term consequences for future generations, and the insufficiency of existing theoretical frameworks. Furthermore, it examines the connection between greenhouse gas emissions and social justice, highlighting the importance of considering fairness and equality in climate action. The concluding segment scrutinizes the ethical dilemmas of GGR, emphasizing the societal, moral, and governmental apprehensions linked to these nascent technologies. |
| Date: | 2023–12–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:szh8q&r=env |
| By: | Giovanni Carnazza (Department of Economics and Management, University of Pisa); Thomas I. Renström (Department of Economics and Management, Centre for Environmental and Energy Economics, Durham University); Luca Spataro (Department of Economics and Management, University of Pisa) |
| Abstract: | The EU has embarked on multiple initiatives reflecting its commitment to environmental enhancement and sustainable transitions. Notable among these are the European Green Deal and the NextGenerationEU recovery plan, both pivotal in fostering eco-friendly policies and sustainable practices within the region. Conversely, the fiscal rules within the EU, designed to manage budgetary deficits and debt-to-GDP ratios, may pose challenges to the implementation of fiscal measures targeted at achieving environmental quality objectives. These regulatory constraints potentially curtail the fiscal space available for policies aligned with the environmental goals set forth by the EU. To address this issue, using a panel of 27 European member countries observed annually from 1995 to 2021, we investigate the impact of two different indicators on the overall carbon intensity: on the one hand, the implicit tax rate on energy reduces environmental pollution; on the other hand, an increase in the stringency of the European fiscal framework and/or the debt-to-GDP ratio increase carbon intensity. From a policy point of view, our outcomes stress the importance of shaping national and European regulations to foster more sustainable environmental development. |
| Keywords: | Fiscal Rules, European Union, Energy taxes, CO2 emissions, Government debt |
| JEL: | H23 H63 H87 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2023.26&r=env |
| By: | Davide Pace (LMU Munich); Taisuke Imai (Osaka University); Peter Schwardmann (Carnegie Mellon University); Joel van der Weele (Tinbergen Institute) |
| Abstract: | With a large representative survey (N=1, 128), we document that consumers are very uncertain about the emissions associated with various actions, which may affect their willingness to reduce their carbon footprint. We experimentally test two channels for the behavioural impact of such uncertainty, namely risk aversion about the impact of mitigating actions and the formation of motivated beliefs about this impact. In two large online experiments (N=2, 219), participants make incentivized trade-offs between personal gain and (uncertain) carbon impact. We find no evidence that uncertainty affects individual climate change mitigation efforts through risk aversion or motivated belief channels. The results suggest that reducing consumer uncertainty through information campaigns is not a policy panacea and that communicating scientific uncertainty around climate impact need not backfire. |
| Date: | 2023–12–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rco:dpaper:470&r=env |
| By: | Zaheer Allam (IAE Paris - Sorbonne Business School); Simon Elias Bibri; Didier Chabaud (IAE Paris - Sorbonne Business School); Carlos Moreno (IAE Paris - Sorbonne Business School) |
| Abstract: | Conventional and emerging paradigms of urbanism require new responses under the current circumstances, especially in relation to the integration of sustainability dimensions and technology advances. The escalating rate of urbanization, coupled with the climate emergency, fundamentally indeed disrupt the challenges that urbanism research and practice deal with, calling for adopting more innovative approaches to urban planning and design. With cities contributing around 65% of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions and experiencing an unprecedented growth of population, contemporary urban policy needs to be redefined and re-assessed accordingly. While numerous urban models, such as the Compact City, the Eco-City, the Sustainable City, and the Smart City, have emerged in response to the challenges of sustainability and urbanization, the 15-Minute City has recently gained a steep popularity. This paper explores the theoretical, practical, and technological foundations of the 15-Minute City, with a particular focus on the proximity dimension of mixed land-use and its environmental, social, and economic benefits of sustainability as supported by smart technologies. We argue that this evolving model of urbanism has the potential to gain more expansion and success in regard to building more sustainable, efficient, resilient, equitable, and inclusive cities in line with the global agendas of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11, as it adds a strategic value to the amalgam of the prevailing and emerging paradigms of urbanism and their synergies with respect to increasing the benefits of sustainability while emphasizing its environmental dimension. |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03997394&r=env |
| By: | Molitor, David (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign); White, Corey (Monash University) |
| Abstract: | Do environmental conditions pose greater health risks to individuals living in urban or rural areas? The answer is theoretically ambiguous: while urban areas have traditionally been associated with heightened exposure to environmental pollutants, the economies of scale and density inherent to urban environments offer unique opportunities for mitigating or adapting to these harmful exposures. To make progress on this question, we focus on the United States and consider how exposures—to air pollution, drinking water pollution, and extreme temperatures—and the response to those exposures differ across urban and rural settings. While prior studies have addressed some aspects of these issues, substantial gaps in knowledge remain, in large part due to historical deficiencies in monitoring and reporting, especially in rural areas. As a step toward closing these gaps, we present new evidence on urban-rural differences in air quality and population sensitivity to air pollution, leveraging recent advances in remote sensing measurement and machine learning. We find that the urban-rural gap in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has converged over the last two decades and the remaining gap is small relative to the overall declines. Furthermore, we find that residents of urban counties are, on average, less vulnerable to the mortality effects of PM2.5 exposure. We also discuss promising areas for future research. |
| Keywords: | environment, urban, rural, pollution, health |
| JEL: | I10 Q53 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16678&r=env |
| By: | Shihan Xie; Victoria Wenxin Xie; Xu Zhang |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the impact of extreme weather exposures on the financial outcomes of low-income households. Using a novel dataset comprising individual-level payday loan applications and loan-level information, we find that extreme temperature days—both hot and cold—lead to surges in demand for payday loans. An increase in the number of days with extreme heat results in an increase in delinquency and default rates and a reduction of total credit issued, indicating a contraction in loan supply. These effects are especially noticeable for online payday loans. Our findings highlight the heightened financial vulnerability of low-income households to environmental shocks and underscore the need for targeted policies. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Credit and credit aggregates |
| JEL: | Q54 G5 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bca:bocawp:24-1&r=env |
| By: | Behrang Shirizadeh (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Philippe Quirion (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | We model the optimal hydrogen and electricity production and storage mix for France by 2050. We provide a central scenario and study its sensitivity to the cost of electrolyzers, the hydrogen demand and the renewable energy deployment potential. The share of electrolysis vs. methane reforming with CO 2 capture and storage in hydrogen production is sensitive to the cost of electrolyzers, with the former providing around 60% in the central scenario. However, the system cost and hydrogen and electricity production costs are much less sensitive to these scenarios, thanks to the wide nearoptimal feasible space of the solutions. The electricity production mix is almost fully renewable in the central scenario, while nuclear has a significant role only if the wind & solar potential limits their deployment, or if blue hydrogen is not authorized. |
| Keywords: | Power system modelling, electricity markets, low-carbon hydrogen, levelized cost of hydrogen, green hydrogen, blue hydrogen, large-scale renewable integration, renewable energies, prospective planning, optimization |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04347126&r=env |
| By: | Jithitikulchai, Theepakorn |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the impact of temperature and precipitation on the economic value of agricultural output from farm households in six Sub-Saharan African countries: Ethiopia, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda. Using a repeated cross-sectional dataset covering the period from 2008 to 2016, this study explores how the adverse effects of climate change vary among different levels of agricultural diversification. The findings reveal that a one-degree temperature increase negatively impacts the value of agricultural output. Nevertheless, households engaged in diversified production activities exhibit better adaptation to higher temperatures, leading to attenuated effects of climate change. Therefore, this study highlights the critical importance of diversification as a strategy to enhance the resilience of farm households in Sub-Saharan Africa. |
| Keywords: | agricultural diversification, agricultural households, climate change, climate resilience, sustainable agriculture |
| JEL: | Q1 Q12 Q18 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119401&r=env |
| By: | Stefano Carattini; Giseong Kim; Givi Melkadze; Aude Pommeret |
| Abstract: | Ambitious climate policy, coupled with financial frictions, has the potential to create macrofinancial stability risk. Such stability risk may expand beyond the economy implementing climate policy, potentially catching other countries off guard. International spillovers may occur because of trade and financial channels. Hence, we study the design and effects of climate policies in the world economy with international trade and financial flows. We develop a two-sector, two-country, dynamic general equilibrium model with financial frictions, climate policies, including carbon tariffs, and macroprudential policies. Using the calibrated model, we evaluate spillovers from unilateral domestic carbon pricing to foreign economies and back. We also examine more ambitious climate architectures involving carbon tariffs or a global carbon price. We find that accounting for cross-border financial flows and frictions in credit markets is crucial to understand the effects of climate policies and to guide the implementation of macroprudential policies at the global scale aimed at minimizing transition risk and paving the way for ambitious climate policy. |
| Keywords: | financial frictions, carbon tax, carbon tariffs, open economy |
| JEL: | E44 E58 F38 F42 G18 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10851&r=env |
| By: | Christian P. Fries |
| Abstract: | We show that the so called social cost of carbon (SCC(t)) will not cover the cost induced by climate change (damage cost and abatement cost) if it would be used as a CO$_2$-price. We define an implied CO$_2$-price that would cover the climate change induced costs. The price can be interpreted as a \textit{polluter pays principle}. A numerical analysis using a classical DICE model reveals that the cost-implied CO$_2$ price is around 550 $\$$/tCO$_2$, while the corresponding price associated with the SCC is around 50 $\$$/tCO$_2$. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2312.13448&r=env |
| By: | Mishra, Mukesh Kumar |
| Abstract: | Sustainability is indeed one of the most significant challenges facing the world today, driven by a multitude of interconnected issues, including climate change, social inequality, and environmental degradation. In response to these challenges, various stakeholders, including policymakers, regulators, and intergovernmental organizations, are taking substantial actions to address and mitigate these concerns. This highlights the need for more comprehensive and immediate action at various levels, including the private sector. Changing attitudes and expectations about the role of business in society are driving a shift towards a more responsible and sustainable approach to corporate conduct. Companies can respond to social issues in ways that are good for both business and society. Companies will need reliable data as well as sustainability expertise for the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Process. This paper contribute the embracing a holistic approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR) and integrating ESG principles into their core strategies, companies can not only contribute to addressing pressing global challenges but also enhance their reputation, attract socially conscious consumers and investors, and ultimately secure long-term success in an evolving business landscape where sustainability and social responsibility are paramount. |
| Keywords: | Environment, Corporate Governance, Sustainability, Public Policy |
| JEL: | Q50 Q51 G30 Q01 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:280833&r=env |
| By: | Tobias Kranz; Hamza Bennani; Matthias Neuenkirch |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses significant challenges through rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and the exposure of economic (and societal) systems to these dangers. The irreversible and potentially non-linear nature of climate change, together with evolving technological and policy landscapes, complicates matters and predictions. We review the theoretical and empirical literature on climate change's effects on prices, output, and monetary policy transmission. In addition, we describe central banks' responses, including a timeline of efforts, potential actions, data sources, and a comparison of the five largest central banks. |
| Keywords: | Central Banks, Climate Change, Financial Stability, Macroprudential Regulation, Monetary Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:trr:wpaper:202401&r=env |
| By: | Benjamin Carton; Christopher Evans; Mr. Dirk V Muir; Simon Voigts |
| Abstract: | This paper presents GMMET, the Global Macroeconomic Model for the Energy Transition, and provides documentation of the model structure, data sources and model properties. GMMET is a large-scale, dynamic, non-linear, microfounded multicountry model whose purpose is to analyze the short- and medium-term macroeconomic impact of curbing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The model provides a detailed description of GHG-emitting activities (related to both fossil fuel and non-fossil-fuel processes) and their interaction with the rest of the economy. To better capture real world obstacles of the energy transition, GMMET features a granular modelling of electricity generation (capturing the intermittency of renewables), transportation (capturing network externalities between charging stations and electric vehicle adoption), and fossil fuel mining (replicating estimated supply elasticities at various time horizons). The model also features a rich set of policy tools for the energy transition, including taxation of GHG emissions, various subsidies, and regulations. |
| Keywords: | Climate mitigation policy; policy coordination |
| Date: | 2023–12–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2023/269&r=env |
| By: | Hinterlang, Natascha; Martin, Anika; Röhe, Oke; Stähler, Nikolai; Strobel, Johannes |
| Abstract: | Climate change and climate policy will have far-reaching economic implications, thereby also posing new challenges for macroeconomic analysis. This is partly because climate risks have an important global dimension. Moreover, climate change and climate polices are likely to affect different economic sectors to varying degrees. Hence, in order to adequately gauge the macroeconomic implications of climate risks, models with sufficient regional and sectoral differentiation are needed. Against this background, we developed the environmental multi-sector dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model EMuSe. This paper presents the main features of the benchmark closed-economy flexible-price model, an open-economy extension of the model, a variant of the model with price-setting frictions and selected applications to illustrate key transmission channels. In order to give those who are interested the opportunity to gain more experience with EMuSe, the model codes are published together with this documentation. |
| Keywords: | climate risks, DSGE, production linkages, sectoral heterogeneity |
| JEL: | E3 E6 F4 H3 Q5 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:280900&r=env |
| By: | Marios Vasileiou (Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment [Volos] - UTH - University of Thessaly [Volos]); Leonidas Sotirios Kyrgiakos (Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment [Volos] - UTH - University of Thessaly [Volos]); Christina Kleisiari (Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment [Volos] - UTH - University of Thessaly [Volos]); Georgios Kleftodimos (CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); George Vlontzos (Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment [Volos] - UTH - University of Thessaly [Volos]); Hatem Belhouchette (CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, UMR ABSys - Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Panos M. Pardalos (UF - University of Florida [Gainesville]) |
| Abstract: | Highlights: • AI in weed management potentials for transforming agricultural ecosystems. • AI influence in economic, social, technological, and environmental dimensions. • AI's role in enhancing food safety by reducing pesticides residues. • Digital literacy as a crucial enabler empowering stakeholders to use AI effectively. Abstract: In the face of increasing agricultural demands and environmental concerns, the effective management of weeds presents a pressing challenge in modern agriculture. Weeds not only compete with crops for resources but also pose threats to food safety and agricultural sustainability through the indiscriminate use of herbicides, which can lead to environmental contamination and herbicide-resistant weed populations. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has ushered in a paradigm shift in agriculture, particularly in the domain of weed management. AI's utilization in this domain extends beyond mere innovation, offering precise and eco-friendly solutions for the identification and control of weeds, thereby addressing critical agricultural challenges. This article aims to examine the application of AI in weed management in the context of weed detection and the increasing impact of deep learning techniques in the agricultural sector. Through an assessment of research articles, this study identifies critical factors influencing the adoption and implementation of AI in weed management. These criteria encompass factors of AI adoption (food safety, increased effectiveness, and eco-friendliness through herbicides reduction), AI implementation factors (capture technology, training datasets, AI models, and outcomes and accuracy), ancillary technologies (IoT, UAV, field robots, and herbicides), and the related impact of AI methods adoption (economic, social, technological, and environmental). Of the 5821 documents found, 99 full-text articles were assessed, and 68 were included in this study. The review highlights AI's role in enhancing food safety by reducing herbicide residues, increasing effectiveness in weed control strategies, and promoting eco-friendliness through judicious herbicide use. It underscores the importance of capture technology, training datasets, AI models, and accuracy metrics in AI implementation, emphasizing their synergy in revolutionizing weed management practices. Ancillary technologies, such as IoT, UAVs, field robots, and AI-enhanced herbicides, complement AI's capabilities, offering holistic and data-driven approaches to weed control. Additionally, the adoption of AI methods influences economic, social, technological, and environmental dimensions of agriculture. Last but not least, digital literacy emerges as a crucial enabler, empowering stakeholders to navigate AI technologies effectively and contribute to the sustainable transformation of weed management practices in agriculture. |
| Keywords: | Weed management, Artificial intelligence, Deep learning, Precision agriculture, Agroecology, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04297703&r=env |
| By: | Boeing, Geoff (Northeastern University); Pilgram, Clemens; Lu, Yougeng |
| Abstract: | This study estimates the relationships between street network characteristics and transport-sector CO2 emissions across every urban area in the world and investigates whether they are the same across development levels and urban design paradigms. The prior literature has estimated relationships between street network design and transport emissions---including greenhouse gases implicated in climate change---primarily through case studies focusing on certain world regions or relatively small samples of cities, complicating generalizability and applicability for evidence-informed practice. Our worldwide study finds that straighter, more-connected, and less-overbuilt street networks are associated with lower transport emissions, all else equal. Importantly, these relationships vary across development levels and design paradigms---yet most prior literature reports findings from urban areas that are outliers by global standards. Planners need a better empirical base for evidence-informed practice in under-studied regions, particularly the rapidly urbanizing Global South. |
| Date: | 2024–01–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:r32vj&r=env |
| By: | Salisu, Sulaiman; Salisu, Afees |
| Abstract: | Climate change has had a significant impact on the world, and many efforts have been made to mitigate its risks. This study aims to create a new index that measures the uncertainty surrounding migration due to climate change. To do this, the study uses a variety of international newspapers with a global readership. Although climate change has increasingly spurred migration decisions in vulnerable areas, there is still a lack of quantitative research that explores this link. This is the contribution of our study. The evidence from the index shows an upward trend in climate-induced migration decisions, especially in the last two decades, which supports the motivation behind the study. Our index has several practical applications that can be useful for future research agendas. |
| Keywords: | News; Climate change; International migration; Uncertainty |
| JEL: | C15 |
| Date: | 2023–12–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119524&r=env |
| By: | Jérémy Morvan (LEGO - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion de l'Ouest - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - UBO - Université de Brest - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - IBSHS - Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société - UBO - Université de Brest - UBL - Université Bretagne Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]); Yann Régnard (LEGO - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion de l'Ouest - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - UBO - Université de Brest - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - IBSHS - Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société - UBO - Université de Brest - UBL - Université Bretagne Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]) |
| Abstract: | This research is an event study that measures the impact of central bankers' speeches on climate change on a set of equity indices. The results are numerous. Conventional indices do not react significantly, suggesting that investors keep reluctant to integrate the climate change in their information set. On the contrary, some climate indices react negatively. This reaction can be explained by cross-referencing abnormal returns with the main topics of the speeches highlighted by a textual analysis: climate change is widely described as a new risk, leading to a rise in the cost of capital and therefore a fall in prices. |
| Abstract: | Cette recherche est une étude d'évènement qui mesure l'impact des discours des banquiers centraux sur le changement climatique sur une série d'indices d'actions. Les résultats sont multiples. Les indices conventionnels ne réagissent pas significativement suggérant que les investisseurs restent réticents à intégrer le changement climatique dans leurs investissements. A l'inverse, certains indices climatiques réagissent négativement. Cette réaction s'explique en croisant les rentabilités anormales et les thématiques des discours mises en évidence par une analyse textuelle : le changement climatique est largement décrit comme un risque nouveau, entrainant une hausse du coût du capital et donc une baisse des prix. |
| Keywords: | event study, textual analysis, Central banks, climate change, étude d'évènement, analyse textuelle, banque centrale, changement climatique |
| Date: | 2023–07–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04347441&r=env |
| By: | Heinz Welsch (University of Oldenburg, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Resilience is the ability of an entity to manage a destabilizing shock or rise in pressure. The recently published State Resilience Index (SRI) includes ecological resilience along with several other “pillars†of state resilience. Given that indicators of subjective well-being (SWB) are increasingly accepted as a measure of national performance and as a standard for evaluating public policy, this paper investigates whether national SWB scores capture the ecological resilience dimension of national performance. Regression analysis of data for 124 countries reveals that SWB is significantly positively related to the ecological pillar of state resilience as well as some of its sub-pillars, but not others. In multivariate regressions, significant sub-pillars of ecological resilience are agricultural productivity, low levels of pollution, and freshwater availability, but not ecosystem health, long-term climate stability and biodiversity. The evidence is taken to suggest that SWB captures the more tangible aspects of the state of the environment rather than latent ecological threats whose full consequences will mainly be felt in the future. To capture latent ecological threats, SWB-based performance measures will therefore have to be complemented by more forward-looking indicators of ecological resilience. |
| Keywords: | ecological resilience; subjective well-being; national performance; environmental threat; forward-looking |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:old:dpaper:443&r=env |
| By: | Fabrice Hervé (CREGO - Centre de Recherche en Gestion des Organisations - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UB - Université de Bourgogne - UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] - UFC - Université de Franche-Comté - UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE]); Sylvain Marsat (CleRMa - Clermont Recherche Management - ESC Clermont-Ferrand - École Supérieure de Commerce (ESC) - Clermont-Ferrand - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne) |
| Abstract: | Drawing on a survey of 671 French individual investors, we document for the first time the connection between emotions towards the environment and investment in green funds. Both eco-anxiety and connectedness to nature have a significant impact on deciding to invest in green funds, but, interestingly, do not exert any influence on the amount invested. Hence, investing in green funds seems to be a way to buy a good conscience towards the environment, but the good deed ends there since the amount itself is not linked to environmentally related emotions. |
| Keywords: | Green Investment, Green Funds, Eco-anxiety, Connectedness to nature, Emotions, Behavioral Finance |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04150758&r=env |
| By: | Shapiro, Joseph S |
| Abstract: | The quality and inequality of US drinking water investments have gained attention after recent environmental disasters in Flint, Michigan, and elsewhere. We compare the formula-based targeting of subsidized loans provided under the Safe Drinking Water Act with the targeting of congressional drinking water earmarks (``pork barrel'' spending). Earmarks are often critiqued for potentially privileging wealthier and more politically connected communities. We find that earmarks target Black, Hispanic, and low-income communities, partly due to targeting water systems serving large populations. Earmark and loan targeting differ significantly across all the demographics we analyze. Compared to Safe Drinking Water Act loans, earmarks disproportionately target Hispanic communities but not Black or low-income communities. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Earmarks, drinking water, inequality, targeting |
| Date: | 2024–01–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:agrebk:qt7w68132r&r=env |
| By: | Taron, Avinandan; Majumder, A.; Bodach, Susanne; Agbefu, Dzifa |
| Abstract: | Processing biomass from different waste streams into marketable products such as organic fertilizer and bio-energy is increasingly realized through public-private partnerships (PPPs). In developing countries, the private sector can be expected to contribute technical skills, organizational capabilities and marketing expertise, and leverage capital inflow. In contrast, the public sector will provide the regulatory framework and help its enforcement, plan public investment, involve and educate stakeholders, and ensure waste supply. This report reviews case studies that implemented PPPs in resource recovery and reuse (RRR) from waste streams with a particular focus on Asia and Africa, including those PPPs facilitated by the authors. Critical factors behind the success and failure of these cases are analyzed. The review indicates three key barriers to success: (i) waste-related bottlenecks, (ii) limited awareness about RRR products and their market(ing), and (iii) lack of proper institutional frameworks. Common shortfalls concern failure to meet commitments related to the quality and quantity of waste, missing understanding of the reuse market, etc. The report points out mitigation measures addressing possible challenges around appropriate technologies, finance and revenue streams, legal issues, as well as social and environmental concerns. It is required to establish close monitoring, appropriate procurement mechanisms and due diligence during the project preparation and pre-bid. If possible, such a PPP project should consider risk and commercial viability assessment as well as financial strategy planning (scaling). Successful involvement of the private sector in the RRR market is critical to close the resource loop and safeguard human and environmental health, which is the overarching objective of sustainable waste management. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Marketing, Productivity Analysis, Public Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2023–08–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:339137&r=env |
| By: | Shapiro, Joseph S |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes that strong financial, judicial, and labor market institutions provide comparative advantage in clean industries, and thereby improve a country’s environmental quality. Five complementary tests support this hypothesis. First, industries that depend on institutions are disproportionately clean. Second, strong institutions increase relative exports in clean industries, even conditional on environmental regulation and factor endowments. Third, an industry’s complexity helps explain the link between institutions and clean goods. Fourth, a quantitative general equilibrium model indicates that strengthening a country’s institutions decreases its pollution through relocating dirty industries abroad, though increases pollution in other countries. Fifth, cross-country differences in the composition of output between clean and dirty industries explain more of the global distribution of emissions than differences in the techniques used for production do. The comparative advantage that strong institutions provide in clean industries gives one under-explored reason why developing countries have relatively high pollution levels. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, institutions, comparative advantage, pollution |
| Date: | 2024–01–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:agrebk:qt17g3r8m5&r=env |
| By: | Pablo Garcia |
| Abstract: | I explore the optimal timing of environmental policy when the stock of natural capital is unobserved and can only be imperfectly measured. I present two key insights. First, noisy signals about the natural capital stock blur the inference process, thereby easing the conditions under which policy adoption becomes optimal. Second, the interaction be tween natural capital stock volatility and the inference process gives rise to new effects that are absent under perfect information. Specifically, the impact of increased volatility on the conditions for optimal policy adoption varies depending on the information set. My work contributes to both the environmental policy timing literature and the field of resource man agement under incomplete information. |
| Keywords: | Natural capital, Partial information, Optimal stopping. |
| JEL: | E20 Q50 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bcl:bclwop:bclwp180&r=env |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Economic performance in 2022 has been positive, with robust real GDP growth, decreasing inflation, and a narrowing current account deficit. Still, challenges related to infrastructure, governance, vulnerability to economic shocks, and limited economic diversification constrain Mauritania’s economic development. While the political situation appears stable, security risks persist, especially in the Sahel region. Additionally, more frequent, and severe climate-related disasters create large adaptation needs, though opportunities for clean energy exist. The authorities are seeking support under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF) to enhance resilience to climate shocks, bolster disaster risk management, and accelerate the transition to cleaner energy sources, while continuing the ECF/EFF arrangements. |
| Date: | 2023–12–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2023/444&r=env |
| By: | Kohnert, Dirk |
| Abstract: | Since Russia's war in Ukraine, many European countries have been scrambling to find alternative energy sources. One of the answers was to increase imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG). By bypassing the use of pipelines from the East and by building LNG terminals, the EU opened up a wider variety of potential suppliers. The Europe-Africa Energy and Climate Partnership provides a framework for a win-win alliance. African countries will be key players in the future, including sub-Saharan countries such as Nigeria, Senegal, Mozambique and Angola. According to the REPowerEU plan, hydrogen partnerships in Africa will enable the import of 10 million tons of hydrogen by 2030, replacing about 18 billion cubic meters of imported Russian gas. Algeria, Niger and Nigeria recently agreed to build a 4, 128-kilometer trans-Saharan gas pipeline that would run through the three countries to Europe. Once completed, the pipeline will transport 30 billion cubic meters of gas per year. The African Coalition for Trade and Investment (ACTING) estimates potential sub-Saharan LNG export capacity at 134 million tonnes of LNG (approximately 175 billion m3) by 2030. Sub-Saharan Africa is also expected to become the main producer of green hydrogen by 2050. However, this market remains to be developed and requires significant expansion of renewable production and water availability. However, the EU countries and companies involved would be well advised to take note of the adoption of much stricter EU greenhouse gas reduction targets for 2030 and the publication of the European Commission's methane strategy. That being said, the EU could risk having more than half of Europe's LNG infrastructure idle by 2030, as European LNG capacity in 2030 exceeds total forecast gas demand, including LNG and pipeline gas. Regardless, it should not be forgotten that African countries want and need to develop their domestic gas markets as a priority, and that export potential depends on this domestic development. However, LNG alone is not enough to ensure the resilience of the system in the event of a supply failure. Alternative energy sources and energy conservation remain essential. |
| Keywords: | LNG; Hydrogen economy; e-fuels; LNG terminals; Natural gas; Energy security; Gas storage; Sub-Saharan Africa; EU; REPowerEU; Trans-Saharan gas pipeline; emerging markets; Sonatrach; European Green Deal; African Continental Free Trade Agreement; Eni; TotalEnergies; BP; Nigeria; Angola; Mozambique; Tanzania; Senegal; Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; Namibia; African Studies; |
| JEL: | E22 E23 F13 F18 F23 F35 F54 L71 L95 N57 N77 O13 Q35 Z13 |
| Date: | 2023–12–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119402&r=env |
| By: | Erfan Mohammadi; MohammadMahdi Barzegar; Mahdi Nohekhan |
| Abstract: | The idea that marketing, in addition to profitability and sales, should also consider the consumer's health is not and has not been a far-fetched concept. It can be stated that there is no longer a way back to producing environmentally harmful products, and gradually, governmental pressures, competition, and changing customer attitudes are obliging companies to adopt and implement a green marketing approach. Over time, concepts such as green marketing have penetrated marketing literature, making environmental considerations one of the most important activities of companies. For this purpose, this research examines the effects of green marketing strategy on brand loyalty (case study: food exporting companies). The population of this study consists of 345 employees and managers of companies like Kalleh, Solico, Pemina, Sorben, Mac, Pol, and Casel, out of which 182 were randomly selected as a sample using Cochran's formula. This research is practical; the required data were collected through a survey and questionnaire. The research results indicate that (1) green marketing strategy significantly affects brand loyalty. (2) Green products have a significant positive effect on brand loyalty. (3) Green promotion has a significant positive effect on brand loyalty. (4) Green distribution has a significant positive effect on brand loyalty. (5) Green pricing has a significant positive effect on brand loyalty. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2312.16698&r=env |
| By: | Rodríguez Laconich, Mical |
| Abstract: | In 2020, Paraguay’s National Connectivity Report was prepared as part of the United Nations Development Account project “Sustainable transport connectivity and implementation of transport-related SDGs in selected landlocked and transit/bridging countries”. The report contains 161 indicators that assess rail, road, and inland waterway transport in Paraguay, concerning areas such as the regulatory and administrative framework for border crossings, quality of transport infrastructure, quality of regulations on transport of dangerous goods and perishable foodstuffs, and efforts to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and other atmospheric pollutants, and noise emissions. This document updates the indicators and extends their reach by including a new section on social development. In the current context, given the challenges the world is facing, it is crucial to consider the International Labour Organization (ILO) Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169) as well as gender equality, climate change, and improved national statistical systems when developing the Vienna Programme of Action for Landlocked Developing Countries for the Decade 2014–2024. National Connectivity Reports are an excellent tool for landlocked developing countries to voluntarily evaluate and report progress implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Vienna Programme of Action. |
| Date: | 2024–01–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:68799&r=env |
| By: | Mackscheidt, Klaus |
| Keywords: | fiscal consolidation, public assets, climate protection, eco-tax, Germany |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:uoccpe:280957&r=env |
| By: | Magali Benichou (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon); Claire Ollier (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Keywords: | ecosystem-based management, cooperation, citizen participation, socio-ecological transition, sustainability, gestion écosystémique, coopération, participation citoyenne, transition socio-écologique, durabilité |
| Date: | 2023–06–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04331096&r=env |
| By: | Gracyk, Janet |
| Keywords: | Arts and Humanities, University of California, Berkeley, 150 Years of Women, Environmental Design |
| Date: | 2023–12–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:cshedu:qt5g68d186&r=env |
| By: | Mejía, William |
| Abstract: | The study focuses on migrants’ contributions to Jamaica’s development from the ECLAC perspective on the contributions of international migration to sustainable development. Improving understanding of these contributions will enhance capacity to formulate and implement public policies and development plans that take into account the opportunities and challenges of international migration in countries of origin or return, transit and destination, in compliance with the commitments set forth in international and multilateral agreements, such as the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, the Montevideo Consensus on Population and Development and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The first chapter analyses recent population trends, focusing on population changes between 1990 and 2020 and highlighting the role of migration. The second addresses the current contributions of migrants to sustainable development. Lastly, the document presents a series of conclusions drawn from the study. |
| Date: | 2023–12–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:68749&r=env |
| By: | Galindo, Luis Miguel; Alatorre, José Eduardo; Ferrer, Jimy |
| Abstract: | El objetivo de este estudio es construir un modelo econométrico estructural de pequeña escala, para analizar los potenciales efectos negativos del cambio climático en las actividades económicas y estimar el impacto potencial que tienen los procesos de mitigación de gases de efecto invernadero en América Latina y el Caribe. El modelo cuenta con diversos bloques con los que se busca incorporar el conjunto de las interacciones entre los impactos del cambio climático y los procesos de mitigación de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y la dinámica económica y social que prevalece en los países de la región, a fin de contribuir a la formulación de una estrategia de transición climática justa, teniendo en consideración que la nueva estrategia de desarrollo de largo plazo debería incorporar de forma explícita los vínculos entre la macroeconomía y la sostenibilidad ambiental. El modelo está especificado de forma simple, lo que permite seguir la lógica subyacente de los impactos y sus canales de transmisión. |
| Date: | 2023–12–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:68770&r=env |
| By: | Michele Schiavo (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Chantal Le Mouël (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Xavier Poux (ASCA - Partenaires IRSTEA - IRSTEA - Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture, IDDRI - Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Paris); Pierre-Marie Aubert (IDDRI - Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Paris) |
| Abstract: | The need for an agroecological transition is regularly advocated by many actors and policymakers on the European scene, but many questions arise regarding the potential consequences that this transition may have on the rest of the world. Using a world biomass balance model, in this paper we show that a deep agroecological transition in the EU, if accompanied by a shift of EU food regimes towards more plant-based diets, is not detrimental to global food security. Without increasing its cropland areas, the EU can maintain the same level of exported calories as in a business-as-usual scenario while reducing its import needs. This result holds true also in an alternative scenario in which the other world regions adopt agroecological production methods and healthier diets. In contrast, an agricultural transition taking place in the EU without a change of EU food regimes, would drastically increase EU food dependence on global markets and contribute to the expansion of agricultural land in the rest of the world. |
| Keywords: | Agroecology, Agricultural transition, DIETS, Modelling, Organic agriculture, TYFA |
| Date: | 2023–08–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04348979&r=env |
| By: | Daugaard, Dan; Kent, Danielle; Servátka, Maroš; Zhang, Le |
| Abstract: | The global warming crisis is unlikely to abate while the world continues to collectively fund the extraction and burning of fossil fuels. Carbon divestment is urgently needed to ward off the impending climate emergency. Yet responsible investments still only account for a modest share of global assets. We conduct an incentivized artefactual field experiment to test whether framing divestment as a social norm, communicating it by a person with perceived credibility and expertise (a messenger), and highlighting optimistic attributes bolster responsible investment. Our subjects are investment professionals who have significant influence over the allocation of funds. We provide evidence that optimistic framing increases responsible investment. Assuming a comparable effect size, the observed increase would represent a $3.6 trillion USD global shift in asset allocations. |
| Keywords: | experiment, ESG, responsible investment, optimism, framing |
| JEL: | C93 G11 |
| Date: | 2023–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119388&r=env |
| By: | Mike Ludkovski; Saad Mouti; Glen Swindle |
| Abstract: | We consider the construction of renewable portfolios targeting specified carbon-free (CFE) hourly performance scores. We work in a probabilistic framework that uses a collection of simulation scenarios and imposes probability constraints on achieving the desired CFE score. In our approach there is a fixed set of available CFE generators and a given load customer who seeks to minimize annual procurement costs. We illustrate results using a realistic dataset of jointly calibrated solar and wind assets, and compare different approaches to handling multiple loads. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2312.07733&r=env |
| By: | Guter-Sandu, Andrei; Haas, Armin; Murau, Steffen |
| Abstract: | The Green Transition to net-zero carbon emissions in Europe requires massive financing efforts, with estimates of 620 billion EUR annually, but the headwinds are substantive. Central banks seem overstretched and busy tightening to combat inflation; treasuries are subject to austerity-inducing fiscal rules; and banking systems are afflicted by non-performing loans, fragmentation, and risk aversion. We employ the framework of ‘monetary architecture’ to analyse the EU’s monetary and financial system as a constantly evolving hierarchical web of interlocking balance sheets and study its capacity to find ‘elasticity space’ to meet the financing challenge. To this end, we draw on a four-step scheme for green macro-financial governance along the financial cycle of balance sheet expansion, funding, and final contraction. We find that, first, Europe’s monetary architecture still has ample elasticity space to provide a green initial expansion due to its developed ecosystem of national, subnational, and supranational off-balance-sheet fiscal agencies. Second, as mechanisms lack to consciously organise the distribution of long-term debt instruments across different segments, its capacity to provide long-term funding is limited. Third, institutional transformation in the last two decades have greatly improved the capacity of the European monetary architecture to counteract financial instability by providing emergency elasticity. Fourth, the capacity of the European monetary architecture to manage a final contraction of balance sheets is limited, which is a general quandary in modern credit money systems. Our analysis points to the need for further investigations into techniques for monetary architectures to manage long-term funding and balance sheet contractions. |
| Date: | 2023–12–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:4mb2q&r=env |
| By: | Emilie Lavie (PRODIG (UMR_8586 / UMR_D_215 / UM_115) - Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité, LAM - Les Afriques dans le monde - IEP Bordeaux - Sciences Po Bordeaux - Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Bordeaux - UBM - Université Bordeaux Montaigne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Pepita Ould Ahmed (CESSMA UMRD 245 - Centre d'études en sciences sociales sur les mondes africains, américains et asiatiques - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Inalco - Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales - UPCité - Université Paris Cité); Philippe Cadène (CESSMA UMRD 245 - Centre d'études en sciences sociales sur les mondes africains, américains et asiatiques - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Inalco - Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales - UPCité - Université Paris Cité); Ismail Chiab (PRODIG (UMR_8586 / UMR_D_215 / UM_115) - Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité, Université de Sfax - University of Sfax); Vassili Kypreos (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier, PRODIG (UMR_8586 / UMR_D_215 / UM_115) - Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité) |
| Abstract: | Research on agricultural development models shows that local applications of global models are adapted both to the globalisation of agricultural markets and to climate change. The circulation of such models is also linked to local political and historical contexts. However, few studies have focused on abrupt changes in economic policies, such as those following the Arab Spring. We propose to study the evolution of olive-growing development policies in post-revolutionary Tunisia. In order to mitigate both market- and climate-induced vulnerabilities and to make the sector more competitive with major olive producers, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines recommend intensification of Tunisian olive farming through irrigation. Our research makes two main claims: (1) the change in the production model towards irrigation aims to respond to globalisation, climate change and national policies. (2) Some exporters are involved at several levels of the value chain. This research conducted by geographers and economists analyses the mutations of the olive sector towards irrigation, using a double theoretical framework on the circulation of agricultural development models, with a political-ecology approach. This paper contributes to a growing body of research on the relationship between commodity production networks and water studies. |
| Keywords: | Global Change, Agriculture, Olive oil, Tunisia |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04222673&r=env |
| By: | Lise Desvallées (LATTS - Laboratoire Techniques, Territoires et Sociétés - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Gustave Eiffel) |
| Date: | 2022–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03456394&r=env |
| By: | Voloshinskaya, Anna (Волошинская, Анна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Akimova, Varvara (Акимова, Варвара) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Komarov, Vladimir (Комаров, Владимир) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Relevance of the research: modern urban planning policy in Russia creates significant risks in the long term, which include spatially inefficient urban zoning, an increase in the number of personal vehicles and the displacement of public transport, uncontrolled suburbanization and reactionary urban planning policy, a microdistrict approach, etc. In this regard, it becomes especially important to search for effective responses to environmental, social, spatial, economic and other challenges and risks caused by modern urban development trends. The aim of the study is to identify and systematize the long-term risks of the current urban planning policy in Russia, to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the best world practices of strategic urban planning, and the development of proposals for Russia's transition to a sustainable (in relation to long-term risks) urban planning policy. Research methods and methodology: comparative analysis, system analysis, quantitative and qualitative analysis, historical and economic analysis. Scientific novelty: the paper attempts to carry out comprehensive qualitative and value-content analysis of theoretical approaches to sustainable urban development, identify key risks of long-term urban development in Russia and create a mega-index to assess the sustainability of urban development. Results: it was found that by sustainable urban policy we can understand the implementation of such regulatory measures, urban planning solutions, transport solutions, etc. which have a positive impact on the economy, the environment and the social sphere at the same time. However, in the Russian cities, there is a degradation of urban planning and spatial policy, the formation of micro-district multi-storey buildings, within which there is an alienation of a person from the environment and a “reduction of living space”. The fundamental reason is the short-term planning horizon of both city and regional administrations, businesses, and the population. On the basis of the study, the authors propose recommendations for changing the existing urban planning policy in Russia to mitigate the risks of long-term development: gradual implementation of obligatory character for the Standard for the integrated development of territories developed by the Ministry of Construction of Russia and DOM.RF together with KB Strelka; introduction of the urban planning principle -"compact city"; a ban on the development of fields in the suburbs, restrictions on infill development and the transition to complex development; introduction of a moratorium on the construction of high-rise buildings in Russia, with the exception of their construction in special business districts (“city”), within walking distance of high-speed rail transport systems; raising the status and role of urbanists and architects in urban development planning; introduction of a procedure for assessing the long-term impact of construction projects, etc. |
| Keywords: | sustainable development, sustainable urban development, sustainable strategic planning, urban development policy, public transport, agglomeration, risks, measurement of city’s sustainable development |
| JEL: | B52 O18 |
| Date: | 2022–11–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220297&r=env |
| By: | Philippe Delacote (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CEC - Chaire Economie du Climat - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres); Gwenolé Le Velly (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Gabriela Simonet (Independent Researcher) |
| Abstract: | Since the establishment of REDD+, hundreds of projects have emerged around the globe. Much attention has been given to REDD+ projects in the literature, but the conditions under which they are likely to be effective are still not well known. In particular, the location bias concept states that projects are more likely to be implemented in remote areas, where development pressure is low, hence questioning the additionality of these projects. In this article, we examine this concept, assessing how the status of REDD+ project proponents and the project certification influence the choice of location and the project's additionality. Using a sample of six REDD+ projects in Brazil, we show that these two dimensions can impact location choice toward areas with higher or lower opportunity costs and that this choice can impact additionality. We also show that the selection of an area with low opportunity costs, which is frequently presented as a location bias, does not necessarily preclude additionality. |
| Keywords: | Additionality, Conservation policy, Deforestation, Impact evaluation, REDD+, Spatial analysis |
| Date: | 2022–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03467584&r=env |
| By: | Christian Morgenstern (Imperial College London); Guillaume Coqueret (EM - emlyon business school); James Kelly |
| Abstract: | "We quantify equity and bond market sensitivity to sovereign ESG scores and their variations which, theoretically, is equivalent to evaluating the demand for ESG at the global scale. We do so by estimating a longitudinal model, at the issue level, that captures exposures to sovereign ESG factors for both equity and fixed income indices. In spite of the surging interest in ESG investing, our results do not support a strong impact of ESG factors on the returns of international markets, implying that the demand for ESG at the country level is not a significant driver of prices. Nevertheless, we document a strong association between GDP growth and ESG scores at the country level." |
| Keywords: | Factor demand, longitudinal models, sovereign ESG, sustainable investing |
| Date: | 2022–11–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04325654&r=env |
| By: | Jahen F. Rezki; Roes Regi Lutfi; Yoshua Caesar Justinus (Institute for Economic and Social Research, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Indonesia (LPEM FEB UI)) |
| Abstract: | Government policies demand an integrated approach that incorporates policy modeling, especially given the uncertainties in real-world conditions. The lack of a comprehensive approach may result in government failures or imbalances in economic sectors. In Indonesia, the state of policy is structured into government planning documents. The government also aspires to achieve a higher income country status and, at the same time, smooth energy transition with Indonesia’s climate targets being comparable with other G20 countries. However, the methods to reach these goals often follow a top-down approach and have limited interlinks across different sectors or ministries. Nonetheless, several studies indicate discrepancies between feasible actions and current targets, highlighting the need for clarity in modeling and communication. Policy modeling in Indonesia is both clustered and scattered. While there’s consistency within the "families" of models, there's a gap between different "families", creating challenges in drawing comparative insights. Therefore, there is an increased need for transparency and communication. Policy models need to be more transparent about their underlying assumptions and methodologies. This clarity would enable third-party replication and scrutiny, enhancing credibility and fostering accountability. Many alternatives of policy modeling can be used, for instance, the platform developed by Sentient Hubs (Sentient Hubs can be accessed through its website on https://www.sentient-hubs.com). Serving as an integrated policy and impact modeling platform, Sentient Hubs could bridge the current modeling gaps. Its capability to integrate various models covering economic, social and environmental aspects, and providing customizable dashboards presenting a wide range of ‘what if’ scenarios, could enable stakeholders to gain deeper insights and holistic perspectives. Achieving a comprehensive policy modeling framework in Indonesia requires collaborative efforts from various stakeholders. The use of unique new alternative platforms could play a pivotal role in bridging existing gaps, ensuring that policies are both transparent and actionable. |
| Keywords: | policy modelling — energy transition — Indonesia |
| JEL: | C69 O21 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lpe:wpaper:202376&r=env |
| By: | ruggeri, giuseppe |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews energy development over the last few centuries and analyzes potential future trends. It argues that the supply-based policies of the past and present are not sustainable and suggests greater emphasis on demand-based policies. It also stresses that the shift from supply-based to demand-based policies involves a change in the value system that guides human behaviour. |
| Date: | 2023–12–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:sbh3k&r=env |
| By: | Laurence Bloch (Conseillère scientifique auprès du directeur des études et synthèses économiques de l’Insee et affiliée au Crest); Dominique Bureau (Président de la Commission de l’économie du développement durable, Ministère de la transition écologique) |
| Abstract: | Le développement économique est dit soutenable s’il permet de maintenir dans le temps une mesure large de la richesse, comprenant le capital produit et le capital humain mais aussi le capital santé et le patrimoine naturel, pondérés par leur prix implicite, à savoir leur contribution au bien-être social. Mais comment valoriser les actifs naturels, les services qu’ils procurent et ceux qu’ils procureront aux générations futures ? Non seulement le bois de coupe des forêts mais aussi leurs services de puits de carbone ou récréatifs et plus généralement les services non marchands procurés, par exemple ? Nous soulignons l’applicabilité d’une formule générale de prix implicite à différents types d’actifs naturels (ressources épuisables, renouvelables, polluants…) ; elle tient compte de leurs caractéristiques biophysiques propres, des possibilités de substitution avec d’autres actifs et de l’impact sur leur régénération des dégradations anthropiques selon différents modes de régulation. Nous appuyant sur les expériences étrangères et internationales, nous proposons d’engager des estimations de ces prix en France pour compléter les comptes nationaux de patrimoine. |
| Keywords: | prix implicite, capital naturel, dégradation anthropique, bien-être social, richesse inclusive, comptes nationaux de patrimoine |
| JEL: | E01 E31 O13 Q01 Q20 Q32 Q56 Q57 |
| Date: | 2024–01–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crs:wpaper:2024-01&r=env |
| By: | Kim, Ki-Dong; Shim, Gyuhun; Choi, Hyun-Im; Kim, Dong-Hyun |
| Abstract: | This study provides novel insights into the policy effects of timber legality verification methods, specifically Due-diligence (under the European Union Timber Regulation (EUTR)) and Due-care (under the Lacey Act), on coniferous and non-coniferous lumber trade, highlighting their significance in the context of global lumber trade. Timber legality verification plays a pivotal role in the global timber trade. We comprehensively assess the impact of verification methods on coniferous and non-coniferous lumber trade, utilizing two decades of trade data (1997–2017) across approximately 160 countries. We employ the difference-in-differences method based on the gravity model of international trade, utilizing robust export–import data and demographic profiles. Our findings demonstrate that the effect of EUTR on coniferous lumber imports ranged between −0.32% and −0.05%, and that on non-coniferous lumber imports ranged between −0.44% and −0.05%, whereas the effect of the Lacey Act on coniferous lumber imports ranged between −0.93% and −0.09%. Non-coniferous lumber imports remained unaffected. The Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) led to decreased exports to the EU and US. Our findings hold two key implications. First, Due-diligence exhibits more consistent policy effects than Due-care. Second, supporting VPA-participating countries is crucial for facilitating timber trade. These insights inform timber trade policies and sustainable practices. |
| Keywords: | timber legality requirement system; lumber trad; VPA; gravity model; difference-in-difference |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2023–11–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:121106&r=env |
| By: | Sania Ashraf; Cristina Bicchieri; Upasak Das. Alex Shpenev |
| Abstract: | Open defecation, which is linked with poor health outcomes, lower cognitive ability and productivity, has been widespread in India. This paper assesses the impact of a randomized norm-centric intervention implemented in peri-urban areas of Tamil Nadu in India on raising the value attached to residence in areas with a lower prevalence of open defecation, measured through Willingness to Pay (WTP). The intervention aimed to change social expectations about toilet usage through audio announcements, wall paintings, household visits, and community meetings. The findings indicate a significant increase in the WTP for relocating to areas with lower prevalence of open defecation. The results are consistent when using local average treatment effect estimations wherein the possibility of spillovers in the control areas is accounted for. They are also robust to potential bias due to local socio-political events during the study period and COVID-led attrition. We further observe a significant increase in toilet ownership and usage. While assessing the mechanism, we find that change in empirical expectations through the intervention (what one believes about the prevalence of toilet usage in the community) is one of the primary mediating channels. Normative expectations (what one believes about community approval of toilet usage) are found to have limited effect. The findings underscore the need for norm-centric interventions to propel change in beliefs and achieve long-term and sustainable sanitation behavior. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2312.16205&r=env |
| By: | Christophe Amidi Diagne (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Mise en contexte : L'empreinte anthropique croissante sur les habitats naturels est à l'origine de changements environnementaux significatifs qui impactent fortement la nature et l'évolution des relations entre hôtes et parasites (terme englobant ici les virus, bactéries, helminthes et protozoaires pouvant être pathogènes), avec notamment des contacts exacerbés entre humains et faune sauvage réservoir de ces parasites. Ces environnements perturbés sont propices à la circulation de zoonoses (maladies infectieuses se transmettant entre l'animal et l'humain), particulièrement dans les régions du Sud confrontées aux défis multisectoriels imposés par les mutations anthropiques actuelles. L'urbanisation intensive représente une situation emblématique de ce contexte où l'humain est à la fois acteur et victime de ces perturbations environnementales. Prévenir et gérer de manière efficace et durable les risques zoonotiques dans ces régions à forte croissance urbaine est donc une priorité majeure de développement durable. À retenir : Une des clés essentielles pour répondre aux enjeux des villes durables est de parvenir à endiguer les risques sanitaires zoonotiques liés à l'urbanisation intensive en cours dans les régions du Sud. Dans ce contexte, l'approche Eco Health apparaît fondamentale pour appréhender de manière holistique les mécanismes et processus multifactoriels à l'œuvre dans les relations zoonoses/urbanisation. Essentiellement basée sur une recherche partenariale avec les acteurs locaux, depuis la coconstruction des projets jusqu'à l'implémentation contextualisée des solutions, cette approche intégrée de la santé (entre science interdisciplinaire, décisions politiques et actions communautaires) permet l'identification des leviers d'actions les plus pertinents pour une surveillance intégrée des zoonoses. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04261669&r=env |
| By: | Nolan, Anne |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp769&r=env |
| By: | Apondi, M.; Enokenwa Baa, Ojongetakah; Nortje, Karen |
| Abstract: | This report aims to explore the intersection of gender and social inclusion, with a focus on the challenges and opportunities faced by women and youth in the agribusiness sector. It examines the ways in which gender norms and stereotypes shape social inclusion, and how exclusionary practices can perpetuate gender-based inequalities. The report draws on the gender analysis studies, baseline surveys and positive case study examples from diverse settings to highlight the key issues and strategies for promoting Gender and Social Inclusion (GESI) in the agribusiness sector. It also offers recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and civil society actors to enhance gender-responsive approaches to social inclusion, and to ensure that marginalized groups are included in decision-making processes and benefit from development interventions and underscores the importance of addressing gender-based discrimination and promoting social inclusion as a means of advancing human rights and achieving sustainable development. These include measures such as inclusive disruptive innovation, equal involvement in policy making processes, inclusive market and production systems and representation in decision making. The report emphasizes that promoting GESI is not only a matter of social justice, but also essential for achieving sustainable development goals and building more resilient societies. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2023–12–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:339147&r=env |
| By: | Zaheer Allam (IAE Paris - Sorbonne Business School); Simon Elias Bibri; Didier Chabaud (IAE Paris - Sorbonne Business School); Carlos Moreno (IAE Paris - Sorbonne Business School) |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03997407&r=env |
| By: | Zaheer Allam (IAE Paris - Sorbonne Business School); Simon Elias Bibri; David Jones; Didier Chabaud (IAE Paris - Sorbonne Business School); Carlos Moreno (IAE Paris - Sorbonne Business School) |
| Abstract: | The ‘15-minute city' concept is emerging as a potent urban regeneration model in post-pandemic cities, offering new vantage points on liveability and urban health. While the concept is primarily geared towards rethinking urban morphologies, it can be furthered via the adoption of Smart Cities network technologies to provide tailored pathways to respond to contextualised challenges through the advent of data mining and processing to better inform urban decision-making processes. We argue that the ‘15-minute city' concept can value-add from Smart City network technologies in particular through Digital Twins, Internet of Things (IoT), and 6G. The data gathered by these technologies, and processed via Machine Learning techniques, can unveil new patterns to understand the characteristics of urban fabrics. Collectively, those dimensions, unpacked to support the ‘15-minute city' concept, can provide new opportunities to redefine agendas to better respond to economic and societal needs as well as align more closely with environmental commitments, including the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 11 and the New Urban Agenda. This perspective paper presents new sets of opportunities for cities arguing that these new connectivities should be explored now so that appropriate protocols can be devised and so that urban agendas can be recalibrated to prepare for upcoming technology advances, opening new pathways for urban regeneration and resilience crafting. |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03997414&r=env |
| By: | Sarode, Shruti MS; Segal, Katie MPP; Elkind, Ethan JD |
| Abstract: | California's goal to eliminate internal combustion engine sales by 2035 poses challenges for lower- and moderate-income residents, hindering their access to electric vehicles (EVs). Barriers include limited EV charging stations, exacerbated by lower home ownership and inadequate grid infrastructure in lower-income communities. To address this, UC Berkeley School of Law's Center for Law, Energy & the Environment (CLEE) partnered with the City of Watsonville. Due to its location, demographics, and ambitious policy goals, Watsonville represents a potential model and case study for other cities around the state grappling with how to boost EV charging infrastructure. CLEE conducted stakeholder interviews and a convening in Watsonville in May2023, and developed a set of policy recommendations for both state and local entities to accelerate investment in EV charging infrastructure in Watsonville, which could inform other cities facing similar challenges and seeking to meet state targets and residents’ needs. |
| Keywords: | Law, Electric vehicle charging, electric vehicles, zero emission vehicles, low income groups, underserved communities, policy analysis |
| Date: | 2023–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt6r1147v7&r=env |
| By: | Lee, Yongsung; Circella, Giovanni; Chen, Grace; Kim, Ilsu; Mokhtarian, Patricia L. |
| Abstract: | Pooled trips in private vehicles, or pooling, can lead to smaller environmental impacts and more efficient use of the limited roadway capacity, especially during peak hours. However, pooling has not been well adopted in part because of difficulties in coordinating schedules among various travelers and the lack of flexibility to changes in schedules and locations. In the meantime, ridehailing (RH) provides pooled services at a discounted fare (compared to the single-travel-party option) via advanced information and communication technology. This study examines individuals’ preferences for/against pooled RH services using information collected among travelers answering a set of questions related to their last RH trip. In doing so, both trip attributesand rider characteristics are considered. Taste heterogeneity is modeled in a way that assumes the presence of unobserved groups (i.e., latent classes), each with unique preferences, in a given sample of RH riders (N=1, 190) recruited in four metropolitan regions in Southern U.S. cities from June 2019 to March 2020. The researchers find two latent classes with qualitatively different preferences, choosy poolers and non-selective poolers, regarding their choice in favor of/against pooling based on wait time, travel costs, purpose, and travel party size of the last RH trip. Personal characteristics are also identified, specifically age and three attitudes (travel satisfaction, environmentalism, and travel multitasking), which account for individuals’ class membership. This research contributes to the literature by explicitly modeling taste heterogeneity towards pooled ridehailing. In addition, unlike existing studies either at the person level or employing stated-preference data, a trip-level analysis is performed in connection with revealed preferences, which generates more realistic and relevant implications to policy and practice. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Shared mobility, pooled ridehailing, stated preferences, latent- class choice model, taste heterogeneity |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt1dc3v8ms&r=env |
| By: | Meza, Laura E. |
| Abstract: | En este documento se examinan los incentivos para la aplicación de soluciones basadas en la naturaleza en el sector silvoagropecuario de Chile, las normas legales, las políticas para la sostenibilidad y los instrumentos que fomentan su adopción. Se destaca también la relevancia de establecer mecanismos de coordinación institucional, aumentar la inversión en investigación, desarrollo e innovación y de crear un sistema de indicadores para evaluar la implementación de soluciones y la sostenibilidad de la agricultura. También se delinean acciones de corto plazo para la implementación de las soluciones basadas en la naturaleza orientadas a fomentar la sostenibilidad de los suelos agropecuarios y de las actividades de riego y drenaje, utilizando los instrumentos de fomento que existen para ello. Se plantea la necesidad de una discusión amplia para definir una visión compartida y un alcance claro de la protección de la biodiversidad en el sector silvoagropecuario, como paso previo para la creación de instrumentos específicos para la aplicación de soluciones basadas en la naturaleza en ese sector. |
| Date: | 2023–12–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:68762&r=env |
| By: | Khan, Haider |
| Abstract: | The main purpose of this paper is to explore a fairly comprehensive strategy for development as freedom beyond the ecological and other crises-filled capitalism in the 21st century. Accordingly, I try to find a way to integrate useful markets with the key characteristics of the Enabling Ecological Developmental State(EEDS) for the 21st Century in order to build a growing ecologically sustainable economy with equity in terms of capabilities. This will doubtless require a new global financial and ecological architecture. Relative Degrowth which involves sustainable people’s capabilities enhancing growth in the Global South, and degrowth in the Global North is a necessary condition for such a postcapitalist planetary civilization. We aim for theoretical clarification as well as for aiding the strategies of popular democratic movements. A few tentative steps are taken here to serve this dual purpose. Proceeding from a critical capabilities perspective that is fully grounded in social reality of deepening structural and ecological crises of the Global Capitalist System, we discover that such a perspective leads to the need to include among the characteristics of the Enabling Ecological Developmental State for the 21st Century its capacity to build an ecologically sustainable egalitarian development strategy from the beginning. In addition, democracy must be deepened from the beginning. For the Global South including Eurasia, and particularly for Africa and Latin America, a new cooperative community of nations following their own rhythm to reach their own dynamic trajectories towards development as freedom will be possible if they cooperate regionally and globally on the basis of equal sovereignty and mutual respect. One precondition is to pragmatically unite for a common economic strategy. For this a decolonization of the mind in the global south is also necessary. I conclude with some further thoughts on extending the model to an information theoretic based fractal model of development. A mathematical model of integrated financial and real sectors on abstract function space is presented in the appendix that can be extended for this purpose. |
| Keywords: | Enabling Ecological Developmental State(EEDS), Stoffwechsel, Ecological Imperialism, Relative Degrowth, New Non-aligned Movement(NNAM), New International Economic Order, Global South, Democratic Internationalism, Egalitarianism, Ecological Crisis, Global Capitalist System(GCS), Counterhegemonic movements, Ecosocialism, Nonlinearities, Multiple equilibria, Entropy and Information Theory |
| JEL: | F50 O30 Q0 |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119639&r=env |
| By: | Francisco María Pertierra Cánepa; Ramiro Raúl Cenoz |
| Abstract: | Este trabajo aborda una problemática social concreta que ocurre en la mayoría de las Organizaciones del Tercer Sector de nuestro país, especialmente las que tienen fines asistenciales solidarios para disminuir la pobreza y el hambre, donde la falta de management estratégico con una mirada de planificación integral y de faros largos, les dificulta el desarrollo de sus nobles objetivos con proyección a futuro, es decir bajo el criterio de sostenibilidad. En consecuencia, predomina la frustración, la rutina, la parálisis y la incertidumbre, lo cual requiere un giro copernicano a través de una visión innovadora y mediante la aplicación de instrumentos que les permitan agregar valor. Así, podemos incorporar el uso del fideicomiso en el contexto académico-práctico de la disciplina denominada Social Entrepreneurship. El Social Entrepreneurship se refiere a la aplicación de principios empresariales innovadores para abordar desafíos sociales, creando un impacto positivo en la Sociedad. En este contexto, el fideicomiso, bien diseñado y correctamente aplicado, se presenta como una herramienta transformadora no solo en aspectos financieros, sino con impacto real en el Gobierno Corporativo en las organizaciones, promoviendo la transparencia en la toma de decisiones, la asignación eficiente de recursos y una mejor rendición de cuentas. Todo esto hace a la mejora de los niveles culturales y de desarrollo, fortaleciendo la dignidad del ser humano y disminuyendo la pobreza estructural, con poblaciones objetivo que necesitan independizarse del eterno asistencialismo que los convierte en rehenes, y no les permite ser generadores, a través de sus capacidades, de su propio sostén para alcanzar su autonomía y libertad. La combinación de Social Entrepreneurship y del Fideicomiso para abordar problemas sociales crea un enfoque poderoso y holístico para el desarrollo positivo de las organizaciones del Tercer Sector en Argentina. En consecuencia, el beneficio impacta de lleno en ellas y sus destinatarios, las comunidades vulnerables, pero también en la sociedad toda al darle sostenibilidad a los proyectos con mejoras en lo social, ambiental y económico (EAS), potenciando un círculo virtuoso de eficiencia. |
| Keywords: | Social Entrepreneurship, Fideicomiso, Gobierno Corporativo, Tercer Sector, Recursos, Estrategia, Faros Largos, Planificación, Pobreza, Vulnerables, Innovación y Proyectos. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cem:doctra:860&r=env |
| By: | Gomtsian, Suren |
| Abstract: | Shareholder say-on-pay voting allows institutional investors to influence the incentives of managers and, consequently, corporate behaviour. Surprisingly, the preferences of investors on executive compensation have been largely overlooked in the ongoing debates on the role of say-on-pay in corporate governance and the impact of shareholder stewardship on sustainable corporate behaviour. The analysis of investor disclosed explanations of say-on-pay votes in the FTSE 100 companies during 2013–2021 shows that institutional investors rely repeatedly on several dominant themes aimed at improving the incentives of corporate managers and controlling managerial rent extraction. But shareholder interests remain the core focus of say-on-pay votes, with only few investors demanding that companies reward executive directors for protecting the interests of a broader range of affected stakeholders. Additionally, most investors can be grouped into several clusters formed around the voting recommendations of proxy advisers. A group of UK-based institutional investors stands out by taking a more individualistic and diverse approach to the stewardship of executive compensation. These findings highlight the role of local investors in the oversight of executive pay, the growing influence of proxy advisers along with the increasing share of foreign institutional investors, and the influence of best practice governance codes in driving investor stewardship preferences. |
| Keywords: | executive pay; investor stewardship; corporate governance; environmental; social; and governance (ESG); say on pay; shareholder engagement |
| JEL: | R14 J01 F3 G3 J50 |
| Date: | 2023–11–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:121068&r=env |
| By: | Rezaee, Sayeh; Nieto, César; Singh, Abhyudai |
| Abstract: | The timing of biochemical processes within cells is inextricably linked to the level of key regulatory proteins crossing critical threshold levels. Recent research has primarily focused on the stochastic nature of event timing resulting from the buildup in molecular concentration to a high threshold. This contribution, however, centers on the complementary scenario: the decrease in protein levels over time until they reach a low critical threshold. We aim to understand the timing precision resulting from unique degradation pathways and their inherent stochastic nature, especially under low-copy number conditions. More specifically, we explore how integer-valued protein molecular counts decrease stochastically following Michaelis-Menten kinetics. This approach encompasses both zero-order (where the net degradation rate is independent of protein levels) and first-order (where the rate is proportional to protein levels) decay processes. Our results show that while zero-order decay can be sluggish in terms of mean timing, it provides the highest precision in timing with the lowest noise in threshold-crossing time. Conversely, upon considering randomness in the initial protein levels, first-order decay demonstrates better precision compared to zero-order. Interestingly, in the presence of multiple noise sources, timing stochasticity can be minimized when Michaelis-Menten decay kinetics operate under sub-saturation conditions. This characterization of timing driven by decreasing copy numbers has implications for improving the precision of biological clocks and understanding the timing of cell-cycle events. |
| Date: | 2023–12–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:p9z38&r=env |
| By: | Meza, Laura E.; Rodríguez, Adrián G. |
| Abstract: | En este documento se identifican y analizan mecanismos de financiamiento para promover la adopción de soluciones basadas en la naturaleza en la agricultura de América Latina y el Caribe. Se destaca que las opciones financieras son amplias y pueden incluir nuevas formas de generar ingresos para invertir en esas soluciones, así como alternativas para canalizar apoyos a los agricultores para su implementación. Se identifican vías de financiamiento innovadoras como una reedición del canje de deuda soberana por naturaleza y acción climática, así como la toma de deuda soberana a tasas preferenciales mediante bonos verdes para la sostenibilidad. Se destaca la oportunidad que representa la tranformación de los incentivos preexistentes para invertir en soluciones basadas en la naturaleza y se discuten ajustes a fórmulas más tradicionales de apoyo a la agricultura, como seguros y créditos, que pueden favorecer la inversión en soluciones basadas en la naturaleza. |
| Date: | 2023–12–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:68744&r=env |
| By: | Susan Das (TrustBridge Rule of Law Foundation); Renuka Sane (TrustBridge Rule of Law Foundation); Ajay Shah (xKDR Forum) |
| Abstract: | Shifting agriculture away from the grid may help address fiscal challenges faced by the Tamil Nadu state government. The paper presents a cost-benefit analysis of implementing solarised irrigation pumps in Erode district, Tamil Nadu. The analysis is based on underlying assumptions on climatic conditions, cropping patterns and irrigation requirements in the district. The results suggest that the state and discom can benefit from the solarisation of agriculture if they can sell surplus power to commercial and industrial (C&I) consumers or in the power exchange market. The paper also performs cost-benefit analysis with the assumption of reduction in solar panel costs in future and finds that the discom would continue to gain net positive benefits. The paper also recommends formalising higher feed-in tariffs, supporting capital cost through subsidies, and exploring alternative procurement approaches. |
| JEL: | Q H2 H53 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anf:wpaper:30&r=env |