|
on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés; Bartalucci, Federico |
| Abstract: | The impacts of climate change are unevenly distributed across territories. Less is known about the potential effects of climate policies aimed at mitigating the negative consequences of climate change while transitioning economies towards low-carbon standards. This paper presents an analytical framework for identifying and assessing the regional impacts of the green transition. We develop a Regional Green Transition Vulnerability Index, a composite measure of the regional vulnerability of European regions to the socio-economic reconfigurations prompted by the green transition. The index brings to light strong regional variations in vulnerability, with less developed, peri-urban and rural regions in Southern and Eastern Europe more exposed to the foreseeable changes brought about by the green transition. We also draw attention to the potential rise of pockets of growing ‘green’ discontent, especially if the green transition contributes, as is likely to be the case, to leaving already left-behind regions further behind. |
| Keywords: | green transition; environment; left-behind regions; development trap; European Union |
| JEL: | O56 R11 |
| Date: | 2023–11–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:120536&r=env |
| By: | Aurore Fransolet; Julien Vastenaekels |
| Abstract: | Just transition occupies an increasingly important place in political agendas from global to local levels. In recent years, this concept has evolved from a reactive social project aimed at protecting industrial workers affected by environmental regulations to a proactive social-ecological project aimed at simultaneously reducing social inequalities and environmental degradation. This ambition of bridging social justice and sustainability objectives is particularly relevant for the urban context, where social and environmental issues tend to concentrate and intertwine. However, questions of what a just and sustainable city could and should look like remain largely unexplored. While there exist several urban visions that centre social justice (most notably Susan Fainstein’s “Just City”), sustainability issues are not central to these visions. At the same time, it remains unclear whether and how urban visions that do focus on sustainability (e.g. sustainable cities, eco-cities, green cities, low-carbon cities.) consider social justice concerns. This research has two main goals: first, to identify and analyse the role of sustainability in the prominent just city visions and, second, to examine visions of sustainable cities and their conceptualization of justice. The research is based on an analysis of several seminal texts on just cities and sustainable city visions. The visions are analysed through a framework that highlights considerations of distributional, procedural and recognition-based justice. By analysing the place of sustainability within just city visions and the place of social justice in sustainable city visions, we give direction to and open discussion about the contours of possible just and sustainable urban futures. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/364471&r=env |
| By: | Marco A. Marini (Sapienza University of Rome); Samuel Nocito (Sapienza University of Rome) |
| Abstract: | We investigate whether climate activism favors pro-environmental consumption by examining the impact of Fridays for Future (FFF) protests in Italy on second-hand automobile transactions in the strike-affected areas. Leveraging data on 10 million automobile transactions occurring before and after FFF, we exploit rainfall on the day of the events as exogenous source of attendance variation. Our findings reveal that local participation to the events is associated with a reduction in the per capita CO2 emissions of purchased cars, an uptick in the market share of low-emission vehicles and a corresponding decrease in the market share of high-emission counterparts. Notably, we uncover heterogeneous effects across gender and age groups. Results are primarily driven by a rise in the purchase of petrol cars, with electric cars contributing to a lesser extent, thereby displacing the demand for diesel vehicles. This evidence indicates substitution effects between goods prospectively subject to more stringent environmental regulations toward those obeying milder restrictions. The study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying individuals’ consumption choices under the influence of social protests. |
| Keywords: | Fridays for Future, climate activism, green consumption, carbon emissions |
| JEL: | D12 D91 Q50 Q53 R41 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2023.24&r=env |
| By: | Hugo Valin; Ben Henderson; Jussi Lankoski |
| Abstract: | Reforming agricultural support is increasingly considered a viable means to enhance agriculture’s contribution to climate change mitigation, while fulfilling broader food systems policy objectives related to food security and livelihoods. This study uses a new computable general equilibrium model to investigate a set of global policy reform scenarios that reorientate governments’ budgetary transfers to agriculture to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The results suggest that removing budgetary support globally would reduce agricultural emissions by 2.1% with potential negative effects on food supply. Reorienting existing support, instead, could have significantly stronger effects: decoupling payments from production and tying these to suitable agri-environmental practices could raise emission reduction to over 4% without harming food supply. Targeted investments in productivity and abatement technologies could bring additional emission savings in the long term with co-benefits for food security. Overall, combining green decoupling and investment policies in OECD countries would reduce global agricultural emissions by 5% – or by 11% if extended to other regions – while balancing outcomes across the three dimensions of the food systems’ triple challenge. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural policy, Computable general equilibrium, Domestic support, Greenhouse gas emissions |
| JEL: | C68 Q11 Q18 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–12–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:206-en&r=env |
| By: | Kingsley I. Okere (Imo State, Nigeria); Stephen K. Dimnwobi (Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria); Chukwunonso Ekesiobi (Igbariam, Nigeria); Favour C. Onuoha (Evangel University Akaeze, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | In a rapidly changing world marked by environmental degradation and governance disparities, understanding their impact on African women’s participation in the labor force remains a critical puzzle. This research seeks to unveil the intricate connections between pollution, governance quality, and women’s economic engagement in Africa, shedding light on vital pathways to empower women, mitigate pollution’s impact, and drive sustainable development in the region. Specifically, this study evaluates the impacts of governance quality and environmental pollution on gender economic outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using data from 28 nations spanning 1996 to 2020. The study employs the dynamic panel threshold model. The key results reveal a negative and significant influence of ecological footprint on female economic participation. Furthermore, the dynamic threshold analysis reveals that environmental degradation undermines female labour engagement irrespective of the threshold level. The study also showed that below the threshold level, the interaction between governance quality variables and the ecological footprint exacerbates the negative impact of the ecological footprint on women’s economic participation. Above the threshold level, the interaction between governance quality variables and the ecological footprint mitigates the negative impact. Overall, key recommendations like improved pollution control measures, inclusive governance, and effecting targeted policies and programs to empower women economically, among others, are proffered to contribute to the improvement in governance, environmental sustainability, and gender economic outcomes in SSA. |
| Keywords: | Governance quality, Environmental pollution, Gender economic outcomes, Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:23/072&r=env |
| By: | Vuong, Quan-Hoang; La, Viet-Phuong; Nguyen, Minh-Hoang |
| Abstract: | The importance of addressing the existential threat to humanity, climate change, has grown remarkedly in recent years while conflicting views and interests in societies exist. Therefore, climate change agendas have been weaponized to varying degrees, ranging from the international level between countries to the domestic level among political parties. In such contexts, climate change agendas are predominantly driven by political or economic ambitions, sometimes unconnected to concerns for environmental sustainability. Consequently, it can result in an environment that fosters antagonism and disputes over power and position and increases the risk of prolonged confrontations, hindering the collective global efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Through the current discourse, we aim to provide a preliminary definition of the weaponization of climate change and environmental degradation and examine its risks and consequences on international relations, political dynamics, public perception, and the comprehensive integrity of climate action. We also recommend embracing a globally coordinated, scientifically substantiated approach to circumvent climate change by building an eco-surplus cultural value system. |
| Date: | 2023–11–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:v9qrm&r=env |
| By: | Nguyen, Minh-Hoang; Yen, Nguyen Thi Quynh; Vuong, Quan-Hoang |
| Abstract: | Today, many people have realized that the climate change and biodiversity loss issues lie in how and to what extent humans consume products for their lives in the Anthropocene era. Consumerism has pushed natural resource exploitation to its peak, and the depletion of resources is becoming increasingly prevalent. The beauty and personal care industry has a large market and high profits, especially in the high-income segment. However, this advantage also carries the risk of facing scrutiny, investigations, and criticism from civil society organizations, environmental activists, and consumers. More than anyone else, the industry is vulnerable to the perils of unfavourable societal assessments, particularly the repercussions of consumer-led boycott actions. In this discourse, we suggest that, given the current circumstances, it is imperative for multinational beauty corporations to take a proactive role in allocating resources towards the development of sustainable agriculture practices. This entails not only advocating for the widespread adoption of environmentally conscious production methods but also dedicating efforts towards conducting research and innovation in the area of nature-friendly manufacturing techniques. Doing so will help demonstrate their commitment to the environment and actively provide convincing evidence to consumers of their social responsibility through emission reduction and biodiversity conservation activities. |
| Date: | 2023–11–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:fv4cq&r=env |
| By: | Fangzhi Wang (School of Management and Economics; Beijing Institute of Technology); Hua Liao (School of Management and Economics; Beijing Institute of Technology); Richard S.J. Tol (Department of Economics, University of Sussex, BN1 9SL Falmer, United Kingdom) |
| Abstract: | We investigate optimal carbon abatement in a dynamic general equilibrium climate-economy model with endogenous structural change. By differentiating the production of investment from consumption, we show that social cost of carbon can be conceived as a reduction in physical capital. In addition, we distinguish two final sectors in terms of productivity growth and climate vulnerability. We theoretically show that heterogeneous climate vulnerability results in a climate-induced version of Baumol’s cost disease. Further, if climate-vulnerable sectors have high (low) productivity growth, climate impact can either ameliorate (aggravate) the Baumol’s cost disease, call for less (more) stringent climate policy. We conclude that carbon abatement should not only factor in unpriced climate capital, but also be tailored to Baumol’s cost and climate diseases. |
| Keywords: | Structural change, Climate capital, Integrated assessment model, Social cost of carbon, Baumol’s cost disease |
| JEL: | O41 O44 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sus:susewp:0823&r=env |
| By: | Kingsley I. Okere (Gregory University, Uturu, Nigeria); Stephen K. Dimnwobi (Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria); Chukwunonso Ekesiobi (Igbariam, Nigeria); Favour C. Onuoha (Evangel University Akaeze, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | In a rapidly changing world marked by environmental degradation and governance disparities, understanding their impact on African women’s participation in the labor force remains a critical puzzle. This research seeks to unveil the intricate connections between pollution, governance quality, and women’s economic engagement in Africa, shedding light on vital pathways to empower women, mitigate pollution’s impact, and drive sustainable development in the region. Specifically, this study evaluates the impacts of governance quality and environmental pollution on gender economic outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using data from 28 nations spanning 1996 to 2020. The study employs the dynamic panel threshold model. The key results reveal a negative and significant influence of ecological footprint on female economic participation. Furthermore, the dynamic threshold analysis reveals that environmental degradation undermines female labour engagement irrespective of the threshold level. The study also showed that below the threshold level, the interaction between governance quality variables and the ecological footprint exacerbates the negative impact of the ecological footprint on women’s economic participation. Above the threshold level, the interaction between governance quality variables and the ecological footprint mitigates the negative impact. Overall, key recommendations like improved pollution control measures, inclusive governance, and effecting targeted policies and programs to empower women economically, among others, are proffered to contribute to the improvement in governance, environmental sustainability, and gender economic outcomes in SSA. |
| Keywords: | Governance quality, Environmental pollution, Gender economic outcomes, Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aak:wpaper:23/016&r=env |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | Nature-based solutions (NbS) aim to maintain, enhance and restore ecosystems to address a variety of social, economic and environmental challenges, including climate change and biodiversity loss. This paper applies the OECD’s framework to provide recommendations for how to encourage the use of NbS by Hungarian municipalities. It illustrates some of the key challenges in the local implementation of NbS in Hungary and provides international examples of how they are tackled in diverse contexts. It also discusses the role of reforms about the enabling environment to mobilise further public and private investment in climate adaptation. |
| Date: | 2023–12–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaac:39-en&r=env |
| By: | Natee Amornsiripanitch; David Wylie |
| Abstract: | This paper combines data on current and future property-level physical risk from major climate-related perils (storms, floods, hurricanes, and wildfires) that owner-occupied single-family residences face with data on local economic characteristics to study the geographic and demographic distribution of such risks in the contiguous United States. Current expected damage from climate-related perils is approximately $19 billion per year. Severe convective storms and inland floods account for almost half of the expected damage. The central and southern parts of the U.S. are most exposed to climate-related physical risk, with hurricane-exposed areas on the Gulf and South Atlantic coasts being the riskiest areas. Relative to currently low-risk areas, currently high-risk areas have lower household incomes, lower labor market participation rates, and lower education attainment, suggesting that the distribution of climate-related physical risk is correlated with economic inequality. By 2050, under business-as-usual emissions, average expected damage is projected to increase monotonically with current average expected damage, which implies that long-term policies that aim to mitigate climate-related physical risk are likely to be progressive. |
| Keywords: | Climate Risk; Physical Risk; Inequality; Housing |
| JEL: | D63 G5 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedpwp:97399&r=env |
| By: | Klaus Eisenack |
| Abstract: | Cities increasingly address climate change, e.g. by pledging city-level emission reduction targets. This is puzzling for the provision of a global public good: what are city governments’ reasons for doing so, and do pledges actually translate into emission reductions? Empirical studies have found a set of common factors which relate to these questions, but also mixed evidence. What is still pending is a theoretical framework to explain those findings and gaps. This paper thus develops an abstract public choice model. The model features economies of scale and distinguishes urban reduction targets from actual emission reductions. It is able to support some stylized facts from the empirical literature and to resolve some mixed evidence as special cases. Two city types result. One type does not achieve its target, but reduces more emissions than a free-riding city. These relations reverse for the other type. The type determines whether cities with lower abatement costs more likely set targets. A third type does not exist. For both types, cities which set targets and have higher private costs of carbon are more ambitious. If marginal net benefits of mitigation rise with city size, then larger cities gain more from setting climate targets. Findings are contrasted with an alternative model where targets reduce abatement costs. Some effects remain qualitatively the same, while others clearly differ. The model can thus guide further empirical and theoretical work. |
| Keywords: | Local provision of public goods; public choice; voters; lobbyists; cobenefits; private costs of carbon |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 D72 |
| Date: | 2023–12–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdp:dpaper:0029&r=env |
| By: | Alanda Venter (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa); Roula Inglesi-Lotz (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa) |
| Abstract: | Climate change is one of the most significant market failures transpiring and hampering human development progress. Government intervention is required to correct this market failure to avoid catastrophic repercussions. The UNDP indicated climate change has become a ``defining human development issue of our generation" (United Nations Development Program, 2022). Given the threat that climate change poses to human development, it is imperative to find effective ways to mitigate its targeted effects on human development. The study investigates how institutions might assist in reducing the harmful impacts of emissions on human development. Utilizing panel data analysis as the methodological foundation this study uses 36 countries for the time period 2003 to 2018. The results indicate that institutions can be a robust instrument in modulating climate change effects. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Institutions, Emissions, Institutional Quality, Inclusive Human Development, Inequality |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pre:wpaper:202334&r=env |
| By: | Harrison Fell; Stephen P. Holland; Andrew J. Yates |
| Abstract: | Green hydrogen may decarbonize sectors which are difficult to electrify, and the recent Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) provides tax credits to encourage hydrogen production. We analyze a model in which hydrogen produced using electricity replaces natural gas. The electricity may be procured from dedicated renewables or from the grid with and without offsetting. In the absence of Pigouvian taxation, optimal hydrogen subsidies are positive if the unpriced externality from avoided natural gas is larger than the unpriced externality from electricity. With optimally differentiated subsidies, offsetting increases welfare. With undifferentiated subsidies, offsetting can decrease welfare, unless it is restricted to regions with higher unpriced electricity externalities. Short-run parameterization shows that the IRA's subsidy of $3/kg-H2 is rationalized: i) by hydrogen production from dedicated renewables if the social cost of carbon (SCC) is $500 or ii) by hydrogen production from the (relatively clean) grid in California with renewables offsetting (relatively dirty) electricity in the non-RGGI East if the SCC is $185. Allowing offsetting of production in California with renewables in any region does not reduce welfare, but the reverse does not hold. |
| JEL: | D62 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31902&r=env |
| By: | Fahmida Khatun; Syed Yusuf Saadat; Afrin Mahbub; Marium Binte Islam |
| Abstract: | In this report, the Green Cities Initiative adds significantly to its study by presenting an analysis of the public attitudes and behaviours associated with air and plastic pollution, complementing the existing work focused on structural and systemic factors. The Green Cities Initiative undertook a survey of 500 households in Dhaka city to understand the perceptions of the problem of pollution, and attitudes towards different policy solutions. This survey explored residents’ perceptions of the scale of air and plastic pollution, their understanding of the causes and impacts of pollution and their willingness to change their own behaviour or support policies with the aim of reducing pollution in the city. |
| Keywords: | Plastic Pollution, Air Pollution, Green Cities Initiative, systemic factors, structural factors, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:report:41&r=env |
| By: | Lamonaca, Emilia; Seccia, Antonio; Santeramo, Fabio Gaetano |
| Abstract: | The global wine trade is interested by significant changes since a few decades, due to new productive scenarios induced by climate change and to (rapidly) evolving trade and policy regimes. We investigate how these changes are altering trade dynamics. Following a gravity-type approach, we find that higher temperatures are beneficial for the terms of trade, and are boosting trade values. As for policy interventions, the impact of technical measures on trade values is heterogeneous across objectives: While technical measures tend to friction trade, the environment-related policies show pro-trade effects. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Environmental measure; Technical barrier to trade |
| JEL: | F13 F18 Q17 Q18 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–11–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119296&r=env |
| By: | Schopf, Mark |
| JEL: | C72 D64 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc23:277598&r=env |
| By: | Ceglar, Andrej; Boldrini, Simone; Lelli, Chiara; Parisi, Laura; Heemskerk, Irene |
| Abstract: | Biodiversity – the variety of life on Earth – is essential for sustaining the healthy ecosystems that our economy and banks depend on. Despite the clear benefits of a healthy natural world for people and the economy, humanity is putting immense pressure on nature and biodiversity. Economic activities that rely on healthy nature are often responsible for generating environmental pressures. It is important to assess the impact that firms and financial institutions have on nature degradation, in order to reveal their exposure to transition risk and highlight the need to move towards an economic system that values nature, rather than putting it at risk. This study analyses the contribution of euro area economic activities – and the bank loans provided to enable them – to biodiversity loss by estimating biodiversity footprints. The datasets we use account for approximately €4.3 trillion in corporate loans to around 4.2 million companies located in the euro area, issued by more than 2, 500 unique consolidated euro area banks. Considering two primary drivers of biodiversity loss (land-use change and climate change), the results show that the economy has had a significant impact on biodiversity, equivalent to the loss of 582 million hectares of “pristine” natural areas worldwide. Even though the impact on biodiversity is highest in Europe, the supply chains of companies are important determinants of their indirect biodiversity footprint worldwide. Asia and Africa have the largest areas impacted by activities that take place in company supply chains. Additionally, financing of economic activities with a high global impact on nature is concentrated: the ten banks with the highest financing share are responsible for financing around 40% of the total global impact of euro area firms. [...] JEL Classification: C55, G21, G38, Q5 |
| Keywords: | biodiversity loss, climate-nature nexus, economy, impact, input-output table, materiality score, nature degradation |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbops:2023335&r=env |
| By: | Linsenmeier, Manuel |
| Abstract: | This study examines the role of temperature as a driver of seasonal economic cycles. The study first presents a novel dataset of seasonal temperature and seasonal GDP. Stylised facts show that seasonal economic cycles are much more diverse than previous research suggested. The study then attributes seasonal economic cycles to temperature variability. For causal identification, the study proposes a novel econometric approach that accounts for expectations. The results suggest that seasonal temperature has a statistically significantly positive and economically large effect on seasonal GDP. Overall, a substantial share of seasonality in GDP timeseries appears to be due to weather. For a subsample of European countries, the effect of temperature can be attributed to sectors that are relatively more exposed to ambient environmental conditions. Projections of climate change suggest that seasonal economic cycles might substantially change in the future, with larger cycles expected for about half of the countries in the sample. |
| Keywords: | seasonal cycle; temperature variability; climate change; quarterly fluctuations; seasonality; Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment; 2300776; Elsevier deal |
| JEL: | Q54 E32 E23 |
| Date: | 2024–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:120640&r=env |
| By: | Bazzana, Davide; Comincioli, Nicola; Gusperti, Camilla; Legrenzi, Demis; Rizzati, Massimiliano; Vergalli, Sergio |
| Abstract: | Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) stands as a pivotal technology crucial for achieving the most ambitious climate objectives. Despite its prominent inclusion in energy mix projections, its current deployment falls short of the requisite level. Additionally, uncertainties surrounding future developments pose potential obstacles to its optimal diffusion. This study addresses two primary shortcomings that could impede the widespread adoption of CCUS. Firstly, it investigates how investments in CCUS technologies either compete with or complement other green research and development (R&D) activities. Secondly, it explores how the heterogeneity among different economies and the factors influencing the technology might lead to alternative configurations compared to the current trajectory. To address these issues, this study introduces CCUS into a regional Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) incorporating endogenous green R&D and heterogeneous cost functions. The model generates optimal pathways for both CCUS and green R&D, revealing a significant challenge: an insufficient valuation of R&D costs could potentially displace all investment in CCUS. Furthermore, the distribution of CCUS capital across regions by the end of the century necessitates substantial investments from regions with currently lower values, such as Europe and lower-income countries. This research underscores the imperative need for policies that mitigate uncertainties surrounding future technologies and coordinate contemporary state investments. Such policies are essential for CCUS to attain the envisaged contributions to emission reduction targets. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2023–11–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:338948&r=env |
| By: | Congressional Budget Office |
| Abstract: | To help reduce U.S. emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), the federal government has provided financial support for more than a decade to spur the development and use of technologies for capturing CO2 emissions. Recent legislation significantly increased that support. |
| JEL: | H23 Q48 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–12–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cbo:report:59345&r=env |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | In the context of the green transition, universities have much to offer in joint green innovation projects with business, government and citizens. As hubs of diverse expertise, universities are uniquely placed to build interdisciplinary teams and bridge gaps between society and industry. Their regional ties also enable them to engage with the local ecosystem. This paper draws from ten international case studies of university partnerships with industry and society in green mobility, green energy and green products, services and processes. The comparative evidence gathered from interviews with representatives from these initiatives examines universities’ practices for green co-creation. Additionally, the paper outlines policy recommendations crucial to supporting these initiatives, essential for the global success of sustainable development efforts. |
| Keywords: | civil society, co-creation, Green transition, Industry-science linkages, Innovation, Innovation policy, STI policy, universities |
| JEL: | O30 O36 O38 |
| Date: | 2023–12–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stiaac:163-en&r=env |
| By: | CAPPELLANO Francesco; MARQUES SANTOS Anabela (European Commission - JRC); DOTTI Nicola Francesco |
| Abstract: | This paper provides quantitative evidence on the geography of regional readiness to tackle climate change using data from France, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Spain. Following Cappellano et al. (2022), we estimate a composite indicator that reports the situation of regions in these countries between 2009 and 2020 regarding the directionality of their Science and Technological Innovation and policy priorities to fight climate change. Using regression analysis, we assess the relationship between such directionality and the degree of risk of disasters (coastal floods, river floods, and landslides) they face in the short, medium, and long-term as a result of climate change effects. Results shows a positive relationship between estimated risk projection and climate change preparedness. However, a more in-depth analysis demonstrates the complexity of such geographical “problem-solution convergence”. Indeed, more developed regions are the ones that appear more ready to tackle climate change effects compared with transition and less developed regions. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change; Innovation; Public Policy; Regional Economics; Europe |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:termod:202310&r=env |
| By: | Davide Bazzana (Department of Economics and Management, University of Brescia and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei); Nicola Comincioli (Department of Economics and Management, University of Brescia and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei); Camilla Gusperti (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei); Demis Legrenzi (Department of Economics and Management, University of Brescia and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei); Massimiliano Rizzati (Department of Economics and Management, University of Brescia and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei); Sergio Vergalli (Department of Economics and Management, University of Brescia and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei) |
| Abstract: | Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) stands as a pivotal technology crucial for achieving the most ambitious climate objectives. Despite its prominent inclusion in energy mix projections, its current deployment falls short of the requisite level. Additionally, uncertainties surrounding future developments pose potential obstacles to its optimal diffusion. This study addresses two primary shortcomings that could impede the widespread adoption of CCUS. Firstly, it investigates how investments in CCUS technologies either compete with or complement other green research and development (R&D) activities. Secondly, it explores how the heterogeneity among different economies and the factors influencing the technology might lead to alternative configurations compared to the current trajectory. To address these issues, this study introduces CCUS into a regional Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) incorporating endogenous green R&D and heterogeneous cost functions. The model generates optimal pathways for both CCUS and green R&D, revealing a significant challenge: an insufficient valuation of R&D costs could potentially displace all investment in CCUS. Furthermore, the distribution of CCUS capital across regions by the end of the century necessitates substantial investments from regions with currently lower values, such as Europe and lower-income countries. This research underscores the imperative need for policies that mitigate uncertainties surrounding future technologies and coordinate contemporary state investments. Such policies are essential for CCUS to attain the envisaged contributions to emission reduction targets. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS), Integrated Assessment Model (IAM), Green Research and Development (R&D), Climate Objectives, Technological Uncertainties, Regional Disparities, Emission Reduction Targets |
| JEL: | Q53 Q54 O32 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2023.25&r=env |
| By: | Matteo Picchio (Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche); Jan C. Van Ours (Erasmus School of Economics and Tinbergen Institute, The Netherlands) |
| Abstract: | High temperatures can have a negative effect on work-related activities because workers may experience difficulties concentrating or have to reduce effort in order to cope with heat. We investigate how temperature affects performance of professional tennis players in outdoor singles matches in big tournaments. We find that performance significantly decreases with ambient temperature. This result is robust to including wind speed and air pollution in the analysis. There are no differences between men and women. However, there is some heterogeneity in the magnitude of the temperature effect in other dimensions. In particular, we find that the temperature effect is smaller when there is more at stake. Our findings also suggest that the negative temperature effect is smaller if the heat lasts, i.e. there is some adaptation to high temperatures. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, temperatures, tennis, performance, productivity. |
| JEL: | J24 J81 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anc:wpaper:484&r=env |
| By: | Thielges, Sonja |
| Abstract: | Climate experts are apprehensive about the approaching Presidency of the United Arab Emirates at this year's Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). So far, the oil producer has not set a shining example with its climate protection efforts; and Sultan Al Jaber, this year's COP president, is head of the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, one of the largest oil concerns in the world. To achieve the goal set by the Paris Climate Agreement of seeking to limit the average global temperature to 1.5 degrees Celsius above the pre-industrial level, the international community is striving for climate neutrality in the second half of this century. For this to happen, global energy systems will have to largely phase out fossil fuels, which, however, remain the dominant energy source. The fact that at present, a complete phase-out of fossil fuels cannot be expected is often lost in climate policy debates; in most countries, it is neither politically desired nor envisaged in long-term climate strategies. However, a speedy and orderly phase-down would have major benefits, such as providing the right investment incentives and supporting the necessary socioeconomic transformations in fossil-fuel producing countries. Today there is an urgent need to further develop the relevant policy and governance instruments as time is running out. |
| Keywords: | fossil energy, Conference of the Parties (COP), UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Paris Climate Agreement |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:279925&r=env |
| By: | Ringel, Marc |
| Abstract: | Climate change entails many situations of tele-coupling. We analyze an example in the field of European climate and energy policy. The EU aims at an almost full decarbonisation of its economy by 2050. Achieving this objective asks for transforming the energy sectors of EU Member States. These are responsible for 80% of carbon emissions. Further to this policy coupling, the EU transformation objectives have to be implemented by the Member States, regions and local actors. This proves especially complex in the field of energy efficiency. Here, a variety of policy instruments and actors are in place. In our contribution, we investigate in the question how multi-level governance arrangements in the energy efficiency field are designed. We focus on Germany as example for a federal state setting. Our review method comprises literature content analysis, primary sources, expert interviews and an in-depth screening of the German Sustainable Energy Action Plans. We find that formal vertical coordination has been successfully backed up by horizontal and especially informal governance mechanisms, leading to a model of polycentric governance. This model might serve as blueprint for other multi-level governance arrangements. Yet, we find that the “last mile” of this coordination still needs strengthening: Local actors need more active engaging and empowering to reap the full potential of the governance arrangements. |
| Date: | 2023–11–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:141593&r=env |
| By: | Fahmida Khatun; Muntaseer Kamal; Foqoruddin Al Kabir; Nadia Nawrin; Mohammad Syful Hoque |
| Abstract: | The study aims to assess the state of green transition initiatives in Bangladesh’s textile and RMG sector. It seeks to gather evidence on the adoption of green practices, identify barriers and drivers for such initiatives, assess factory knowledge and capacity for green transformation, understand worker perceptions of green practices’ benefits, and provide recommendations to overcome challenges in making the sector more environmentally friendly and sustainable. Based on the findings from primary data collected from nationwide survey, key informant interviews (KIIs), and focus group discussions (FGDs), this study offers a set of recommendations for facilitating the green transition in Bangladesh’s textile and RMG sector. These recommendations are categorised into five broad themes: policy and regulatory measures, economic incentives, green finance, awareness and knowledge sharing, and skills and capacity development. It is important to note that these themes are not mutually exclusive and may overlap. |
| Keywords: | Green Transition, Textile Sector, RMG Sector, Renewable Energy, Green practices, green finance, knowledge sharing, skill development, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:report:43&r=env |
| By: | Mr. Damien Capelle; Mr. Divya Kirti; Mr. Nicola Pierri; Mr. German Villegas Bauer |
| Abstract: | Using self-reported data on emissions for a global sample of 4, 000 large, listed firms, we document large heterogeneity in environmental performance within the same industry and country. Laggards—firms with high emissions relative to the scale of their operations—are larger, operate older physical capital stocks, are less knowledge intensive and productive, and adopt worse management practices. To rationalize these findings, we build a novel general equilibrium heterogeneous-firm model in which firms choose capital vintages and R&D expenditure and hence emissions. The model matches the full empirical distribution of firm-level heterogeneity among other moments. Our counter-factual analysis shows that this heterogeneity matters for assessing the macroeconomic costs of mitigation policies, the channels through which policies act, and their distributional effects. We also quantify the gains from technology transfers to EMDEs. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change; Productivity; Technology Adoption; Capital Vintages; Emissions |
| Date: | 2023–11–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2023/242&r=env |
| By: | Hansen, Gerrit |
| Abstract: | Entrenched positions, particularly between industrialised countries and some major emerging economies, dominated negotiations at June's UN Climate Change Conference in Bonn. Disagreements over the interpretation of 'common but differentiated responsibilities' and the principle of equity hindered substantial progress. Preparations for the first Global Stocktake (GST) to ratchet up the ambition under the Paris Agreement (2015), which will conclude at the 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) in Dubai in December, did not meet expectations. At the same time, some emerging economies, notably China, attempted to lessen the significance of the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) as a common scientific basis. Should China maintain this position, it could result in negative consequences for the multilateral climate process well beyond COP28. |
| Keywords: | United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Climate Change Conference in Bonn 2023, Global Stocktake (GST), Paris Agreement 2015, 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) in Dubai, IPCC Synthesis Report |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:279926&r=env |
| By: | Tatyana Deryugina; Julian Reif |
| Abstract: | Many environmental hazards produce health effects that take years to arise, but quasi-experimental studies typically measure outcomes and treatment over short time periods. We develop a new approach to overcome this challenge and use it to gauge the effect of exposure to air pollution on US life expectancy. Using changes in wind direction as an instrument for daily sulfur dioxide levels, we first characterize the short-run mortality effects of acute exposure during the time period 1972-1988. Exposure causes two distinct mortality patterns: a short-run mortality displacement effect, and a persistent accelerated aging effect. We then incorporate our estimates into a flexible health production model to quantify the lifelong effects of chronic air pollution exposure for a cohort born in 1972. Model calculations of the effect of chronic exposure on life expectancy are 7-8 times larger than the effect implied by simple extrapolation of our short-run empirical estimates. Ninety percent of the survival benefits accrue after the first fifty years of life, implying that most of the 1970 Clean Air Act's health benefits have yet to emerge for cohorts born after its passage. |
| JEL: | I18 Q53 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31858&r=env |
| By: | Gil-Clavel, Sofia (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research); Wagenblast, Thorid; Filatova, Tatiana |
| Abstract: | Climate change is expected to affect agriculture worldwide adversely. This is especially true if farmers fail to adapt, at least incrementally, early in the twenty-first century and fail to pursue transformational adaptation necessary to withstand changes later this century. Many publications discuss the underlying mechanisms of autonomous private adaptation to climate change in quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods terms. However, the review of empirical evidence on adaptation is normally performed on articles’ quantitative data using metanalysis, ignoring much of the vast literature evidence coming from qualitative work. We address this gap by performing a comparative analysis of factors associated with farmers’ climate change adaptation in both quantitative and qualitative literature using Natural Language Processing. By retrieving relevant peer review publications from Scopus, we derive a database with metadata from both quantitative and qualitative articles’ findings. We then use this as an input for generalized linear models to analyze whether farmers’ climate change adaptation factors differ by type of adaptation (incremental vs transformational) or across different regions of the world. Results show that access to information, access to technology, age, economic factors, farming experience, and income are more likely to be associated with transformational adaptation than with incremental adaptation. Regarding world regions, results highlight uneven access to infrastructure, with farmers in the Global North having an advantage, while farmers in the Global South requiring it the most for effective adaptation to changing climate. |
| Date: | 2023–11–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:3dp5e&r=env |
| By: | Florian Mayneris |
| Abstract: | In order to promote the ecological transition, cities are investing in greening and providing public transport in their territory. However, the greening of neighbourhoods and their connection to public transit leads, through land capitalization mechanisms, to “eco-gentrification” phenomena. To reconcile sustainable development of cities with social diversity, possible solutions exist, including increasing the supply of off-market housing, regulations to influence the behaviour of developers and private owners, or the facilitation and acceleration of approval processes for new real estate projects. Afin de favoriser la transition écologique, les villes investissement dans le verdissement et l’offre de transport collectif sur leur territoire. Or, le verdissement des quartiers et leur connexion au transport collectif conduisent, par des mécanismes de capitalisation foncière, à des phénomènes d’ « éco-embourgeoisement ». Pour tenter de concilier le développement durable des villes et la mixité sociale, des pistes de solution existent, notamment l’accroissement de l’offre de logements hors-marché, la réglementation pour influencer le comportement des promoteurs et des propriétaires privés, ou encore la facilitation et l’accélération des processus d’approbation des nouveaux projets immobiliers. |
| Keywords: | cities' ecological transition, eco-gentrification, social diversity, housing supply, transition écologique des villes, éco-embourgeoisement, mixité sociale, offre de logements |
| Date: | 2023–11–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:circah:2023pr-05&r=env |
| By: | Alessio D’Amato (University of Rome Tor Vergata); Roberta Sestini (Tuscia University) |
| Abstract: | We investigate an asymmetric duopoly featuring two polluting firms that are heterogeneous in terms of production efficiency. The less efficient firm performs abatement by buying an environmental good (EG) in exchange of a fixed fee, while the more efficient firm engages directly in abatement effort. The cost asymmetry across the two firms is therefore determined by the nature (fixed or variable) of abatement costs. In this set-up, we compare two environmental policy settings: one where the regulator commits to policy before observing abatement investment, and one where such commitment is not credible (i.e. time-consistency). We conclude that, in the latter setting, emission taxes are lower, whilst environmental innovation, aggregate profits and consumers’ surplus are enhanced with respect to the case with commitment. The welfare ranking is however not straightforward, as commitment may make society better off than under time-consistency, depending on the degree of technological asymmetry in product on. Moreover policy makers might be †trapped†in a time-consistent policy scenario, due to the interest of involved stakeholders, at the expense of environmental policy effectiveness. |
| Keywords: | Eco-industry, Environmental regulation, Time-consistent policies. |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:0423&r=env |
| By: | Etsuyo Michida (Institute of Development Economies, Japan External Trade Organization (IDE-JETRO)) |
| Abstract: | National sustainability certification schemes for the palm oil sector such as Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO), and Malaysia Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) have emerged to address negative environmental externalities and increase productivity of the sector. However, their reach does not extend to international markets, with differing aspirations and compliance mechanisms compared to the globally recognised private certification scheme. Benchmarking and harmonisation across the schemes could have multiple benefits. First, it decreases fragmentation of standards and allows procurement of certified palm oil at lower costs. Second, a harmonised regional scheme rather than multiple national schemes makes communication on the improvement of sustainability standards with global users easier, while involvement of users in their revision is expected to lead to their global recognition. Third, having a harmonised ASEAN standard can help other member countries in the region or countries from other regions to benchmark and adopt it as a proxy global standard, which prevents further fragmentation and proliferation of local standards. Making sustainable palm oil certifications acceptable for international markets is expected to pave the way for similar programmes for other agricultural products. Lastly, as the proliferation of standards leads to confusion amongst consumers, a harmonised standard improves understanding and clarifies the expected impact on the palm oil sector |
| Keywords: | Certification, Palm oil, Standards, Sustainability |
| JEL: | Q24 Q21 P13 P28 |
| Date: | 2023–06–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:dp-2023-04&r=env |
| By: | Paul HADJI-LAZARO; Julien CALAS; Antoine GODIN; Pamela SEKESE; Andrew SKOWNO |
| Abstract: | This study introduces new methods for evaluating nature-related socioeconomic risks in the South African context, anchored on two main contributions. Firstly, it embarks on a multidimensional analysis of the exposure of several macro-financial and social variables to nature-related risks. Based on Environmentally Extended Input-Output tables and socioeconomic satellite accounts, the analysis identifies how physical and transition risks could exert significant impacts on directly and indirectly sectors essential for domestic and international supply chains but also for employment and fiscal revenues. Secondly, the research extends to a more granular spatially-explicit assessment, at the municipality level, of socioeconomic vulnerabilities related to water scarcity and the protection of terrestrial ecosystems. Results localize socioeconomic exposures through key sectors, especially in Mpumalanga. These two intertwined facets underline the importance of a holistic approach to nature-related risks, combining economists and ecologists' knowledge, and able to emphasize the intertwined goals of economic prosperity, social stability, and environmental sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Afrique du Sud |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2023–12–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en16256&r=env |
| By: | Enzmann, Johannes; Ringel, Marc |
| Abstract: | The European Union aims at net-zero emissions by 2050. A key sector to achieve this goal is road transport, where emissions show no signs of reducing but continue to grow. A review of policies undertaken by EU member states and the G20 to reduce transport emissions reveals that both present and planned policies focus on binding supply-side measures, but offer only weak demand-side incentives. To address this imbalance, we developed a downstream, demand-side policy prototype through an expert interview design process. We call the prototype “cap-and-surrender” because it caps road emissions, and then allocates tradable emission allowances to individual vehicles that drivers surrender at each fill-up. Allowance pricing, both by the state and in the secondary market, is designed to incentivize decarbonization of the sector. Though the system would require significant investment, its revenue potential to the state should exceed this investment by several multiples. We discuss the potential economic, environmental and social impacts of the policy, as assessed by European transport experts. We find that the approach can deliver significant transport emission reductions in an effective and economically efficient manner. Through the appropriate design of national allocation rules and a gradual phasing in of cap and surrender, potential negative social consequences can be mitigated, and public acceptance of the policy promoted. |
| Date: | 2023–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:141745&r=env |
| By: | Mathias Reynaert; Eduardo Souza-Rodrigues; Arthur A. van Benthem |
| Abstract: | The world has pledged to protect 30 percent of its land and waters by 2030 to halt the rapid deterioration of critical ecosystems. We summarize the state of knowledge about the impacts of protected area policies, with a focus on deforestation and vegetation cover. We discuss critical issues around data and measurement, identify the most commonly-used empirical methods, and summarize empirical evidence across multiple regions of the world. In most cases, protection has had at most a modest impact on forest cover, with stronger effects in areas that face pressure of economic development. We then identify several open areas for research to advance our understanding of the effectiveness of protected area policies: the use of promising recent econometric advancements, shifting focus to direct measures of biodiversity, filling the knowledge gap on the effect of protected area policy in advanced economies, investigating the long-run impacts of protection, and understanding its equilibrium effects. |
| Keywords: | protected areas, land protection, deforestation, biodiversity |
| JEL: | Q23 Q24 Q57 R14 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10773&r=env |
| By: | Stefan Jestl (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Roman Römisch (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw) |
| Abstract: | The paper analyses drivers of migration in carbon-intensive and non-carbon-intensive regions in the EU. Using a mix of econometric methods, such as spatial panel and spatial cross-sectional methods, as well as geographically weighted regressions on data for EU NUTS-2 and NUTS-3 regions, the results indicate that particularly carbon-intensive regions in Central and Eastern Europe are not only challenged by a potential decline in carbon-intensive employment but also by outward migration flows that could diminish their prospects for longer-term economic prosperity. From a policy point of view, the results indicate that policies focusing on the replacement of the lost jobs in carbon-intensive industries might not be enough for the carbon-intensive regions in Central and Eastern Europe. Instead, these regions need a simultaneous package of additional policies to improve their attractiveness. |
| Keywords: | carbon-intensive regions, green transition, regional migration |
| JEL: | Q50 R11 R23 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:wpaper:236&r=env |
| By: | Dahlström, Petter (Royal Institute of Technology); Lööf, Hans (Royal Institute of Technology); Sjöholm, Fredrik (Research Institute of Industrial Economics); Stephan, Andreas (Linnaeus University) |
| Abstract: | The net-zero agreement on carbon emission from Paris 2015 gives a key role to fossil-free energy technologies with an expected multifold growth rate over the coming decades, when successively replacing oil, coal, and gas. In this paper, we delve into the EU’s competitive advantage in the evolving trade war in clean energy, investigate European strengths and weaknesses in innovation and production, and discuss the impact of the upcoming trade war on the global warming challenge. Our results show that the EU has a strong position in innovation capabilities in the strategic net-zero technologies. However, this is not matched by production capabilities: EU has only a few firms among the leading manufacturers in net-zero technologies. |
| Keywords: | energy geopolitics; net-zero technologies; patents; innovation |
| JEL: | F02 O18 Q50 R10 |
| Date: | 2023–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cesisp:0495&r=env |
| By: | Odersky, Moritz; Löffler, Max |
| JEL: | Q52 Q54 D30 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc23:277684&r=env |
| By: | Qionghua Chu |
| Abstract: | While the potential issuance of CBDC might enable SDG 8 to be realized in New Zealand, mutual interactions between SDG 8 and other goals attract interesting considerations of if both SDG 8 and other goals could be achieved. SDGs are grouped in terms of the common characteristics that will enable them to be impacted by and impact SDG 8 similarly. Besides, other SDGs could mutually enable each other to be realized. With comprehensive research and analysis of the mutual interactions, a positive outlook exists for both SDG 8 and other goals to be fulfilled, in consideration of the potential issuance of the CBDC as a primary stimulus to achieve decent work and economic growth. |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2311.06716&r=env |
| By: | Naef, Alain |
| Abstract: | Regulators are starting to question what it means for an investment vehicle to be labelled ESG (Environmental, social, and corporate governance). Also, retail climate-conscious investors have a right to have clear information on their investments. Here I analysed all the large equity Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) labelled as ESG available at the two largest investors in the world: Blackrock and Vanguard. For Blackrock, out of 82 funds analysed, only 9% did not invest in fossil fuel companies. Blackrock ESG funds include investments in Saudi Aramco, Gazprom or Shell. But they exclude ExxonMobil or BP. This suggests a best-in-class approach by the fund manager, picking only certain fossil fuel companies that they see as generating less harm. But it is unclear what the criteria used are. For Vanguard, funds listed as ESG did not contain fossil fuel investment. Yet this needs to be nuanced as information provided by Vanguard on investments is less transparent and Vanguard offers fewer ESG funds. |
| Date: | 2023–11–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:45xyv&r=env |
| By: | Weingarten, Peter; Becker, Stefan; Elsasser, Peter; Forstner, Bernhard; Frankenberg, Dominik; Grajewski, Regina; Offermann, Frank; Osterburg, Bernhard; Röder, Norbert |
| Abstract: | The coalition agreement of the federal government parties SPD, Bündnis 90/Die Grünen and FDP states that the Joint Task for the "Improvement of Agricultural Structures and Coastal Protection" (GAK) should be more closely aligned with the coalition's objectives. The Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) asked the Thünen Institute for a statement on the existing possibilities which forms the basis of this Working Paper. It is to be understood as an impetus paper which, in varying degrees of detail, provides thought-provoking impulses on possible further developments of the GAK with regard to a stronger consideration of the objectives of nature conservation and biodiversity, organic farming, climate protection and adaptation to climate change, and rural development. These impulses address both a possible further development of the GAK as a whole as well as a further development of the existing funding areas and special framework plans.The coalition agreement of the federal government parties SPD, Bündnis 90/Die Grünen and FDP states that the Joint Task for the "Improvement of Agricultural Structures and Coastal Protection" (GAK) should be more closely aligned with the coalition's objectives. The Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) asked the Thünen Institute for a statement on the existing possibilities which forms the basis of this Working Paper. It is to be understood as an impetus paper which, in varying degrees of detail, provides thought-provoking impulses on possible further developments of the GAK with regard to a stronger consideration of the objectives of nature conservation and biodiversity, organic farming, climate protection and adaptation to climate change, and rural development. These impulses address both a possible further development of the GAK as a whole as well as a further development of the existing funding areas and special framework plans. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Political Economy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimwp:338966&r=env |
| By: | Ebers, Niklas; Stupak, Nataliya; Hüttel, Silke; Woelfert, Mats; Müller-Thomy, Hannes |
| Abstract: | Irrigation is one of the most effective measures to avoid or reduce yield losses caused by droughts. When water resources are limited, the main challenge relates to the issue of increasing water availability for crop production without causing or exacerbating conflicts of interest with other water-consuming sectors. Considering the already observed change of rainfall patterns in Germany, water storage reservoirs could be part of the solution to agricultural producers. Such reservoirs can be filled in autumn or winter months either with surface water run-off in case of persistent or heavy precipitations, or with abstractions from surface waters when water levels and discharges are high. The stored water can then be used for irrigation in case of spring or summer droughts, thus improving water availability and increasing the reliability of water provision for agricultural producers as well as reducing the conflicts of interest regarding groundwater extractions. This working paper presents the results of a comprehensive literature review carried out in order to identify research needs in the field of agricultural water management and to provide orientation for the research project LAWAMAD – Agricultural Water Management in Germany. In the first step the available technical water storage options and the criteria which are of importance when deciding on their implementation are reviewed. Subsequently, the feasibility of these options for German agriculture is being discussed and the four most suitable ones – water storage basin, rainwater retention basin, infiltration facility and dams are identified. The choice of a technical water storage option and the decision about its size and volume depends among other things with the already available or envisioned irrigation infrastructure and farm strategies to optimize irrigation. Respectively, we discuss the existent irrigation methods, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as chances and risks of irrigation from the agronomic and the economic efficiency perspectives. In the final step of our literature review we provide an overview of the current state of scientific discussion on the barriers to investments in irrigation and water storage infrastructure from three theoretical perspectives. |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimwp:338987&r=env |
| By: | Donato Masciandaro; Raffaella Barone |
| Abstract: | We offer a theoretical and empirical analysis of the intertwined relationships among environmental crime revenues, corruption, and money laundering, when the illegal cleaning process is implemented via the real-estate sector. Modelling such as relationships through a logistic function, we estimate the overall environmental crime revenues using Italian regional data from 1995 to 2020. |
| Keywords: | environmental crime, corruption, money laundering, real-estate sector, Italy |
| JEL: | D7 F18 K4 R30 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:baf:cbafwp:cbafwp23211&r=env |
| By: | Filkin, Mikhail |
| Abstract: | The article is devoted to the study of a number of government programs of the People’s Republic of China, which provided the country with world leadership in the development of solar energy. Since 2014, China has set goals for renewable energy electrification and poverty alleviation in poor regions of the country. It seems that a number of aspects of these programs may be useful in the development of Russian strategies for the development of the renewable electricity. |
| Keywords: | solar energy, China, photovoltaic generation, government program, renewable energy source, poverty alleviation, regional development |
| JEL: | L94 O25 |
| Date: | 2023–07–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119229&r=env |
| By: | Benjamin, Grant; Couillard, Ben; Hall, Jonathan D. |
| Abstract: | Cohen and Dechezleprêtre (2022) investigate the heterogeneous impact of temperature on mortality across Mexico, and how affordable healthcare services that target the low-income population attenuate the mortality effects of weather events. They find that while extreme temperatures are more dangerous than less extreme temperatures, the increased frequency of non-extreme temperatures mean these temperatures cause more deaths. First, we reproduce the paper's main findings, uncovering a minor coding error that has a trivial effect on the main results. Second, we test the robustness of the results to clustering at the state level, omitting precipitation, and using a different weighting scheme. The original results are robust to all of these changes. |
| Keywords: | Mortality, Weather Events, Affordable Health Care, Poverty |
| JEL: | I12 I13 I14 O13 O14 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:i4rdps:90&r=env |
| By: | Mr. Vimal V Thakoor; Engin Kara |
| Abstract: | As climate change intensifies, the frequency and severity of climate-induced disasters are expected to escalate. We develop a New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model to analyze the impact of these events on monetary policy. Our model conceptualizes these disasters as left-tail productivity shocks with a quantified likelihood, leading to a skewed distribution of outcomes. This creates a significant trade-off for central banks, balancing increased inflation risks against reduced output. Our results suggest modifying the Taylor rule to give equal weight to responses to both inflation and output growth, indicating a gradual approach to climateexacerbated economic fluctuations. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; monetary policy; fiscal policy; Taylor rule |
| Date: | 2023–11–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2023/243&r=env |
| By: | Olivares, Jaime; Centeno, Santa Paola; Quiroz, Verónica; Castellanos, Edwin |
| Abstract: | El proyecto RIDASICC tiene como objetivo contribuir a la integración de la reducción de riesgos de desastres (RRD) y la adaptación sostenible e incluyente al cambio climático (ASICC) en los proyectos de inversión pública, conservando y mejorando los servicios que brindan a la población de los países miembros del COSEFIN/SICA. La iniciativa es coordinada por la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) y la Secretaría Ejecutiva del Consejo de Ministros de Hacienda o Finanzas de Centroamérica, Panamá y República Dominicana (COSEFIN), con la estrecha participación de los siete ministerios de hacienda o finanzas y tres ministerios o secretarías de planificación responsables de los sistemas nacionales de inversión pública (SNIP) de dichos países y otras instituciones socias nacionales y regionales del Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA), contando con el apoyo financiero de la Agencia Suiza para el Desarrollo y la Cooperación (COSUDE). |
| Date: | 2023–11–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col094:68686&r=env |
| By: | Stegmaier, Vincent; Krause, Melanie |
| JEL: | Q40 D72 R14 O18 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc23:277671&r=env |
| By: | Qionghua Chu |
| Abstract: | In the inverted yield curve environment, whether the sixteen SDGs set up by the United Nations could be realized by 2030 sparks interesting considerations. Meanwhile, as the Reserve Bank of New Zealand is considering the potential issuance of the CBDC, the boost to SDG 8 - decent work and economic growth, as examined from the perspectives of Cobb-Douglas production function, growth accounting relation from Solow, and Theory of Aggregate Demand from Keynes, intrigues further analysis. How twelve targets of SDG 8 could be achieved with the possible issuance of the CBDC in the backdrop is analyzed. Despite the inverted yield curve, bright prospects exist for New Zealand to realize SDG 8 with the issuance of the CBDC in mind. |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2311.06718&r=env |
| By: | Bastien Bedossa |
| Abstract: | La présente étude propose de construire une approche systématique pour détecter et caractériser les situations de double vulnérabilité. La notion de double vulnérabilité fait référence à une situation dans laquelle un pays combine des vulnérabilités climatiques et macrofinancières. Elle se définit comme une situation dans laquelle le changement climatique (qu’il se manifeste sous la forme de chocs occasionnels ou d’une dégradation chronique des conditions climatiques) est susceptible d’avoir des impacts multidimensionnels sur les populations, les écosystèmes et l’activité économique, entraînant une augmentation des déséquilibres budgétaires et des ratios d’endettement public à court et moyen terme.Réciproquement, cette dynamique défavorable limite la capacité du gouvernement à faire face efficacement aux conséquences du changement climatique, et en particulier à soutenir les segments les plus vulnérables de la population. Nous appelons ce cercle vicieux une « spirale dette-climat ». |
| JEL: | E |
| Date: | 2023–11–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr16053&r=env |
| By: | Herrmann-Fankhänel, Anja; Lay-Kumar, Jenny |
| Abstract: | In dieser Studie, die für und gemeinsam mit dem Sustainable Finance Beirat der Bundesregierung erstellt wurde, wurden Expertinnen und Experten in Interviews darum gebeten, aktuelle Finanzprodukten und deren Einsatzmöglichkeiten für KMUs im Rahmen nachhaltigen Wirtschaftens einzuschätzen. Insbesondere deren Haltedauer, Renditeerwartungen und Wirkung wird adressiert. Insgesamt wurden 18 Interviews mit Vertreterinnen und Vertretern der Rubriken Investoren (3), Asset Manager (9), Versicherer (2), Asset Owner (2) und öffentliche Institutionen (2) geführt. Es werden Rahmenbedingungen nachhaltiger Finanzprodukten systemisch aufgearbeitet für Kunde- und Finanzierer-Beziehungen, die Realwirtschaft, der Finanzmarkt und die landes-, bundes- und EU-weiten Rahmenbedingungen. Außerdem werden Handlungsempfehlungen ausgewiesen. Es wurde in den Interviews deutlich, dass an Sutainable Finance Instrumente nahezu identische Erwartungen bestehen wie zu klassischen Finanzinstrumenten und eine konsistente Definition zu ESG-Performance gefordert wird, welche für KMUs vereinfacht und vereinheitlich werden sollte. Außerdem wurde die Perspektive für ESG-Finanzierungen als "new normal" eröffnet, wobei Anreize und Regulatorik verknüpft werden sollten, um Marktverzerrung entgegenzuwirken. |
| Abstract: | In this study, which was prepared for and together with the Sustainable Finance Advisory Board of the Federal Government, experts were asked in interviews to assess current financial products and their possible uses for SMEs in the context of sustainable business. In particular, their holding period, expected returns and impact were addressed. A total of 18 interviews were conducted with representatives from the categories of investors (3), asset managers (9), insurers (2), asset owners (2) and public institutions (2). The framework conditions for sustainable financial products are analyzed systemically for customer and financier relationships, the real economy, the financial market and the state, federal and EU-wide framework conditions. Recommendations for action are also identified. It became clear in the interviews that the expectations of sustainable finance instruments are almost identical to those of traditional financial instruments and that a consistent definition of ESG performance is required, which should be simplified and standardized for SMEs. In addition, the prospect of ESG financing as the "new normal" was opened up, whereby incentives and regulation should be linked to counteract market distortion. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:tucitm:280406&r=env |
| By: | Bellaunay, Rémy |
| Abstract: | Dans quelle mesure les habitants de la planète se préoccupent-ils des grands risques auxquels ils font face et comment cela affecte-t-il leur bien-être subjectif ? Nous abordons ces questions grâce à deux enquêtes mondiales : le Gallup World Poll et le World Risk Poll. Expérience du risque, inquiétude et mal-être subjectif s’avèrent indissociables. Le risque climatique est le plus préoccupant, suivi par le risque routier, les risques de catastrophes naturelles et ceux de crime violent. À la différence des autres risques, l’inquiétude relative au changement climatique ne dépend pas du niveau de revenu d’un pays : les habitants des pays riches se disent à peu près aussi préoccupés par ce risque que les habitants des pays pauvres, qui sont pourtant plus touchés. Et à niveau d’exposition au risque égal, les habitants des pays à bas revenu font preuve d’une plus grande résilience, dans la mesure où l’expérience du risque affecte moins leur bien-être subjectif. Par ailleurs, l’expérience d’un risque exerce un effet de contagion sur l’anxiété relative à tous les autres risques. |
| Keywords: | Wellbeing, bien-être, risques, changement climatique, environnement, Gallup |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpm:notobe:2313&r=env |
| By: | Sasquia Hizuru Obata; José Augusto Fe Aly |
| Abstract: | A contemporaneidade vivenciada por um setor específico, como o real estate, apresenta uma série diretrizes e tendências para o atendimento da sustentabilidade diante de um cenário de grandes impactos devidos aos estresses ambientais, econômicos, sociais, políticos e de posicionamentos pontuais aos globais. Esta conjuntura, traz a luz a necessidade de se ter as bases do desempenho dos indicadores, como o ESG e certificações verdes, bem como, se suas relações demonstram vigor em relação a sustentabilidade ampla e preconizada pelos ODS. O fato de se ter a aderência entre indicadores e reportes voluntários do ESG proporciona desbravar por uma análise de ponderações e olhar a partir das fragilidades, como as ausências de reportes na plataforma brasileira do Pacto Global e também as variáveis menos pontuadas do LEED; mas com isto proporcionar pela construção de uma amostra de reportes internacionais, projeções e variáveis fortalecidas e se são específicas ao produto em si, ou por certificações ou implica na governança cultural para a sustentabilidade. O reconhecimento que as estratégias e objetivos de negócios podem ter solução e decisão centrada nas imaterialidades que se demonstram como frágeis e menos rentáveis e menos sustentáveis por análise científicas, o artigo apresenta as ponderações que partiram da materialidade/material e se demonstram as relações entre ESG, ODS e LEED e como a evolução para a maior sustentabilidade se apresenta partindo do produto do real estate a uma condição que seria os atendimento diante do intrincado de complexidades. Com as especificidades do setor e resultados históricos é possível fornecer um painel em cada ator preveja que um fator de impacto específico resulta em mudanças no ambiente natural e em capitais e por consequência as mudanças impactam em diferentes partes interessadas, elucidando um caminho de dependência e interdependência como este estudo procurou percorrer e apresentar. |
| Keywords: | desempenho material; Esg; LEED; ODS; performance material; real estate |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lre:wpaper:lares-2023-4dq4&r=env |
| By: | Subhash C. Ray (University of Connecticut); Shilpa Sethia (University of Connecticut, National Grid USA Service Company Inc.) |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a framework for centralized allocation of resources and production targets among firms that produce a bad output side-by-side with a good output. The production technology is specifically defined for thermal power generation sector that produces one good output (electricity) and one bad output (stack emissions) with one polluting input (coal) and two neutral inputs (installed capacity of power plants and labor). The undesirable output is modeled as an incidental by-product resulting from use of the polluting input. We use a modified Directional Distance Function of Aparicio, Pastor, and Ray (2013), formulated with non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis, to determine the extent by which good output can be increased in each region while minimizing the use of polluting inputs and the level of bad output, by increasing efficiency through reallocation. For empirical illustration, we use data from major coal-fired power plants in India for fiscal year 2005-06 through 2014-15. Each stte within India is treated as a regional jurisdiction within which inputs (only coal and labor) and outputs are reallocated under alternative structural assumptions. Our findings reveal that the thermal power sector is sub-optimal, leaving a scope for emission reduction and increase in power generation in different states of India. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uct:uconnp:2023-08&r=env |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | Este documento proporciona una visión regional de las experiencias de los operadores urbanos en cinco importantes ciudades de América Latina y el Caribe: Quito (Ecuador), Bogotá y Medellín (Colombia), São Paulo (Brasil) y La Habana (Cuba), para destacar su papel en la planificación y renovación de los territorios. Los operadores urbanos se desempeñan como facilitadores y gestores de la operación urbana y de los planes de ordenamiento territorial, con los objetivos de salvaguardar los derechos de propiedad y de los moradores, velar por el interés público en esta materia, incluir a los diversos actores urbanos y redistribuir equitativamente las cargas y beneficios. En el caso de cada una de estas ciudades, se presentan lecciones de las operaciones urbanas y su abordaje en la gestión del suelo, los mecanismos de financiamiento y la articulación con el sector privado. Se destaca el estímulo a un uso mixto del suelo para una mayor inclusión e integración social, así como a los usos menos rentables, como la vivienda social y prioritaria con buena localización. Con este informe se busca contribuir al debate sobre políticas públicas integradas y prácticas urbanas que impulsen el desarrollo sostenible, justo e inclusivo en las ciudades de la región. |
| Date: | 2023–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:68711&r=env |
| By: | Bo Zhao |
| Abstract: | This paper is the first to empirically examine the impact of a man-made disaster on consumer credit outcomes. It uses the 2018 Merrimack Valley natural gas explosions as a quasi-random natural experiment and shows that the explosions had a temporary negative effect on debt balances, credit limits, and the number of delinquencies, and did not affect credit scores. The decreases in debt balances and credit limits were likely driven by a decline in credit demand when the affected individuals faced severe life disruption, great uncertainty, and negative financial shocks associated with the disaster. It took some time for the explosions to have an impact on delinquencies, suggesting that the affected individuals may have received short-term forbearance or used default as a last resort. The lack of large, long-lasting effects of the explosions likely reflects the critical role that external assistance to the affected communities played in mitigating the disaster’s impact. |
| Keywords: | man-made disasters; household credit; consumer debt |
| JEL: | D14 G51 Q59 |
| Date: | 2023–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedbwp:97402&r=env |
| By: | Krcal, Hans-Christian |
| Abstract: | ‘Routine action’, a form to take action, is widely accepted in the economic field, because of its resource saving effect which contributes to average cost degression. However, from an entropic point of view, each form of acting requires decision making in regard to consumption of resources and causes entropic effects. Therefore, any kind of mechanistic resource management has to be avoided, even for routine action, when well-balanced economic-entropic actions, as to call them sustainable, are the objective. The paper shows how entropic and economic advantages and disadvantages of routine action can be brought together in a ratio to measure its sustainability’s relevance. |
| Keywords: | thermodynamics; decision making; entropy; routine action; micro theory; sustainability; opportunity cost; opportunity revenue; learning curve effect; average cost degression |
| Date: | 2023–12–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:awi:wpaper:0738&r=env |
| By: | Qing Li (Department of Economics and Finance, SILC Business School, Shanghai University); Kexing Yu (Department of Economics and Finance, SILC Business School, Shanghai University); Yanrui Wu (Business School, The University of Western Australia) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to re-estimate green total factor productivity (GTFP) with the consideration of intangible capital in Chinese provinces during 2003 and 2017. Intangible capital is broadly defined and categorised into computerised information, innovative property and economic competency property. The finding suggests that the conventional GTFP is underestimated especially during the post-financial crisis period in China. It is also found that technical efficiency, which shows the trend of deterioration without capitalising intangibles, improves steadily and jointly with technological progress contributes to the improvement of productivity. The mismeasurement of GTFP is more severe in developed regions in China where intangible investment is more emphasised. Furthermore, regional GTFP shows the trend of convergence after intangible capital is incorporated and the rate of convergence turns to be faster in coastal regions than that in the interior. |
| Keywords: | Green total factor productivity, intangible capital, data envelopment analysis, China |
| JEL: | O47 O34 R11 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uwa:wpaper:23-13&r=env |
| By: | Blance, Corin |
| Abstract: | À partir de l’enquête internationale de l’ISSP (2020), nous analysons le lien entre positionnement politique, confiance et attitudes vis-à-vis des politiques environnementales. Notre étude révèle que les électeurs des partis d’extrême droite en France, en Europe et aux États-Unis sont moins préoccupés par les problèmes environnementaux que les autres. Leurs préoccupations environnementales sont aussi de nature différente : elles ciblent des problématiques locales dont les conséquences affectent leur quotidien. De plus, ces électeurs sont généralement opposés à toute politique écologique contraignante, quelle que soit sa nature. Ils préfèrent également les politiques environnementales punitives plutôt que les incitations positives au changement de comportement, contrairement aux électeurs centristes. Nous retrouvons aussi un résultat déjà connu : les électeurs d’extrême droite expriment une confiance plus faible que les autres vis-à-vis du reste de la société et des institutions en général. Or, cette défiance semble les empêcher d’adhérer aux politiques environnementales. |
| Keywords: | Bien-être, environnement, vote, Wellbeing, far-right |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpm:notobe:2315&r=env |
| By: | Morales, Ana Luisa |
| Abstract: | El presente complemento a la guía metodológica de cierre de minas proporciona un marco ampliado para el cierre de minas, profundizando en tres aspectos clave: análisis de riesgos, auditorías y garantías financieras. Estas materias son fundamentales para la implementación de un cierre de minas adecuado desde una perspectiva ambiental, social y económica. Este complemento está dirigido a los responsables de la toma de decisiones y se enfoca en los lineamientos mínimos que deberían cumplir los titulares mineros. Aborda en primera instancia el análisis de riesgos, que sin duda es uno de los principales instrumentos para elaborar un plan de cierre de mina, dado que el resultado es decisivo para identificar y evaluar los posibles impactos y peligros asociados con el cierre de una mina. Además, resalta la importancia de las garantías financieras y plantea alternativas de instrumentos financieros que podrán ser utilizados por los diferentes países. También presenta las auditorías como una herramienta adicional para los Estados, con el objetivo de evaluar la conformidad de las medidas de cierre con los requisitos legales, normativos y las mejores prácticas en el cierre de minas. |
| Date: | 2023–11–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:68675&r=env |
| By: | Pichler, Anton; del Rio-Chanona, R. Maria; Farmer, J. Doyne; Ives, Matthew; Bücker, Joris |
| Abstract: | Transitioning to a net-zero emissions power system will create and destroy jobs in different occupations, creating skill mismatches and labor mobility frictions. We analyze the employment dynamics of a fast transition scenario for the US electricity sector that reaches 95% decarbonization by 2035, using an input-output model coupled to an occupational mobility network. We find three distinct labor market phases during the transition: 'scale-up', 'scale-down', and a long-term steady state. During the scale-up phase, from 2023–2034, for every job lost in a given industry, twelve new jobs are created elsewhere. But only a few occupations experience a consistent increase in demand throughout the transition. We predict that skill mismatches will create labor frictions during the transition, especially in the scale-down phase. Without proper planning, rapidly growing industries will struggle to find skilled labor in the scale-up phase, and displaced workers will have difficulty finding jobs during the scale-down phase. |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2023-28&r=env |
| By: | Oskar LECUYER |
| Abstract: | Exceptionnel par sa diversité et son endémisme, le capital naturel des Outremers français est essentiel au bien-être des populations de ces territoires. Les rares indicateurs environnementaux existants dans les Outremers alertent pourtant sur une dégradation de l’état de l’environnement. Des outils innovants permettent un diagnostic précis de l’étendue de cette dégradation et révèlent les zones les plus exposées aux pressions anthropiques telles que l’agriculture et l’extraction de l’or sur le bouclier des Guyanes, ainsi que la grande vulnérabilité des écosystèmes vis-à-vis des pollutions et des feux de forêts en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Leur application à d’autres territoires mériterait d’être développée, pour définir les trajectoires soutenables et fixer des cibles de bon état écologique sur l’ensemble des Outremers, à l’aide de données et d’outils efficaces de gestion du capital naturel. |
| Keywords: | Trois Océans, Guyane, Nouvelle-Calédonie |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2023–11–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr16153&r=env |
| By: | Magorzata Rymarzak |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_3xx&r=env |
| By: | Morales, Beatriz |
| Abstract: | Las políticas de protección social, al abordar riesgos que enfrenta toda la población y riesgos específicos a lo largo del ciclo de vida, a fin de garantizar el acceso a ingresos adecuados y servicios sociales, y al promover políticas de inclusión laboral y trabajo decente, constituyen un factor fundamental en el camino hacia una economía baja en carbono. La transición de una matriz energética intensiva en el uso de combustibles fósiles a una basada en el uso de energías renovables y cero emisiones de carbono plantea oportunidades y desafíos. Frente a esto, la transición justa es considerada un principio clave, del cual las políticas de protección social constituyen un pilar y eje central. En el presente documento, sobre la base de la experiencia colombiana, se avanza en un marco analítico orientador para el diagnóstico del papel de la protección social en el contexto de una transición justa y se espera contribuir al debate sobre las opciones de política disponibles en el tránsito hacia sociedades ambientalmente sostenibles. |
| Date: | 2023–11–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:68671&r=env |
| By: | Jorge Antônio Martins |
| Abstract: | O artigo trata, à luz dos princípios da ESG e do método da pesquisa participante, os últimos dez anos de participação e relacionamento do Real Estate com o administrador municipal em Niterói/RJ quando da revisão do Plano Diretor e definição de políticas intersetoriais. Mostra-se que o grupo político eleito em 2012 tentou replicar a Operação Urbana Consorciada Porto Maravilha/RJ, com os mesmos parceiros externos e modus operandi, desprezando empreendedores locais, mas – conforme tratado em delação premiada de ex-governador – precisou recorrer a estes para obter financiamento de campanhas políticas, ao ter que abortar a iniciativa em razão do avanço das investigações da Operação Lava a Jato, em troca de liberação de limites máximos à ocupação. Demonstra-se no artigo o dano de dez ineficazes projetos da Secretaria de Urbanismo e Mobilidade, marcados por grande imperícia. Observa-se que a omissão do setor em pressionar a administração municipal em busca de soluções inovadoras para mitigação de impactos de vizinhança, exploração dos parâmetros urbanísticos com qualidade ambiental, passou a ter que suportar com a sociedade alto custo e insegurança jurídica, vez que o Ministério Público suspendeu por duas vezes a revisão da lei de uso e ocupação, enquanto não debatidos e demonstrados os impactos do aumento dos parâmetros. O setor não consegue explicar por que, por exemplo, negligenciou quanto a pressionar a administração a apresentar e debater com a comunidade e especialistas, dentre outras coisas, um plano de mobilidade sustentável, visto que resultaria em melhores indicadores de acessibilidade e mobilidade e, consequentemente, economias de localização, com maior valorização do produto imobiliário. Ao optar por constituir parceria com os agentes públicos, obstando-se a colaborar com a sociedade na discussão de política ambiental urbana sustentável, as lideranças empresariais locais agiram de forma contrária aos princípios de ESG de seus próprios sindicatos. |
| Keywords: | Esg; Imperícia; Malpractic; Niterói/RJ; políticas públicas; Public Policies |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lre:wpaper:lares-2023-4dqh&r=env |