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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Shobande, Olatunji; Asongu, Simplice A |
| Abstract: | The struggle to combat climate change remains complex and challenging. Currently, two climate change approaches, namely, mitigation and adaptation, have been widely supported. These are empirical, requiring further explanation of the main drivers of carbon emissions. This research seeks to tackle this problem by providing a strategy to reduce climate change impacts. This study contributes to the existing empirical literature in several ways. It investigates whether education and information and communication technology (ICT) matter in promoting environmental sustainability in the Eastern and Southern Africa. The empirical evidence is based on third-generation panel unit root and cointegration tests that account for the potential issue of structural breaks in the series. We further dissect the long and short run dynamics using the panel Granger causality approach. Our findings show the possibility of using education and clean technology investment in a complementary strategy for mitigating carbon emissions and promoting environmental sustainability in the sampled countries. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Sustainability; ICT; Education; Eastern Africa; Southern Africa |
| JEL: | C52 O38 O40 O55 P37 |
| Date: | 2022–01–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119054&r=env |
| By: | Alexander Mihailov (Department of Economics, University of Reading) |
| Abstract: | This paper is motivated by the urgency of climate change mitigation and by the crucial importance of communicating the need for it, as well as any progress made along the goal of net zero in the near future. Our approach relies on using a comparative visualization in colormap stripes for all countries across the globe that can easily be conveyed, compared and understood even by nonspecialists. It proposes a novel and simple measure of what is referred to as 'greening prosperity stripes' and defined as the ratio of real gross domestic product per capita to carbon dioxide emissions per capita, based on annual data available online from the World Bank since 1990. These new greening prosperity stripes, in effect, complement the University of Reading climate, or warming, stripes due to climatologist Ed Hawkins that are now world-famous. We hope that our indicators of greening prosperity per country and group of countries, illustrated in colors as they evolve with time and in cross-section, will raise awareness of environmental pollution and remind us that we need to act immediately to mitigate and reverse climate change. In the present initial work, a basic concept, its measurement and visualization is proposed, with many intuitive panels of graphs providing various comparative perspectives on the topic, yet further extensions are identified as possible next steps. |
| Keywords: | real GDP per capita, CO2 emissions per capita, greening prosperity stripes, data visualization, public awareness, climate change mitigation |
| JEL: | C82 F64 O44 Q51 |
| Date: | 2023–11–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rdg:emxxdp:em-dp2023-17&r=env |
| By: | Michael Lainé (Laboratoire d’Économie Dionysien-LED, EA 3391, Université Paris 8 Vincennes - Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis, France - LED) |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04265121&r=env |
| By: | Yolande Francois (ISEOR - Institut de Socio-économie des Entreprises et des ORganisations - Institut de socio-économie des entreprises et des organisations) |
| Abstract: | This article explores the role of group ethics in influencing organizational and individual behaviors to promote a sustainable energy transition and adaptation to climate change. Group ethics, which emphasizes shared values and goals, can contribute to ethical decision-making, commitment to sustainability, adoption of eco-responsible practices, improvement of collaboration, and promotion of sustainable innovation. By examining the various facets of group ethics, the article highlights its potential to motivate individuals and organizations to engage in responsible actions to combat climate change and support energy transition. Group ethics can also encourage businesses to engage in cross- sectoral and interdisciplinary collaborations, as well as invest in research and development of green technologies. The article emphasizes the importance of group ethics as a catalyst for organizational and individual behaviors for a sustainable response to climate change and a successful energy transition. |
| Abstract: | Cet article explore le rôle de l'éthique groupale dans l'influence des comportements organisationnels et individuels pour favoriser une transition énergétique durable et une adaptation aux changements climatiques. L'éthique groupale, qui met l'accent sur les valeurs et |
| Keywords: | Group ethics, Energy transition, Climate change, Organizational behaviors, Sustainable innovation, Éthique groupale, Transition énergétique, Changements climatiques, Comportements organisationnels, Innovation durable |
| Date: | 2023–06–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04268006&r=env |
| By: | Venkataswamy, Sahana; Adounkpe, Peniel; Amarnath, Giriraj |
| Keywords: | Climate change adaptation; Governance; Climate resilience; Infrastructure; Risk; Indicators |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:conppr:h052101&r=env |
| By: | Dickens, Chris; Whitney, C.; Luedeling, E.; Dlamini, V.; O'Brien, G.; Greffiths, Ikhothatseng Jacob |
| Abstract: | This study evaluates the socioecological consequences of the potential trade-offs between maintaining environmental flows (e-flows) and providing water for sustainable subsistence agriculture and livelihoods to the vulnerable human communities living along the lower Great Letaba River in South Africa. Implementation of e-flows is now generally recognized as an essential part of water resources management as they are designed to ensure that sufficient water is retained in a river to protect river ecosystems and all the beneficiaries of services that arise from those ecosystems. Understanding the relationship between e-flows and the use of water for small-scale agriculture is important for the management of trade-offs. The Letaba River Basin and it's tributary, the Great/Groot Letaba, are located in the eastern part of the Limpopo province in South Africa. This is one of the most important river basins in the region supporting both large-scale commercial and small-scale farmers. The river sustains many vulnerable human communities who depend on the ecosystem services provided by the river. Yet, the water resources of the Letaba River are heavily overutilized due to expanding developments, including upstream dams with associated offtakes mostly for irrigation. The findings of the study indicate that irrigation water demand from subsistence agriculture in the Great Letaba Basin amounted to around 2 million cubic meters annually with median demand not exceeding 300, 000 cubic meters per month. This means that irrigation water demand from smallholder agriculture only amounts to about one-tenth of the estimated e-flow requirement. However, small-scale farmers contend with an increasing crop water gap which limits irrigated agriculture, especially during the dry season. Given the need to sustainably maintain e-flows for ecological purposes, crop water gaps are only likely to increase and compromise the sustainability of irrigated agriculture. With active upstream supplementation of river flows from dams to maintain both environmental and livelihoods-oriented river flows, the crop water gap can be fully eliminated. This supplementation is not assured due to competing uses. |
| Keywords: | Resource recovery; Environmental flows; Sustainable agriculture; Sustainable intensification; Small-scale farming; Livelihoods; River basins; Water resources; Water management; Water availability; Water demand; Irrigation water; Irrigated farming; Subsistence farming; Crop water use; Water requirements; Crop yield |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:worppr:h052105&r=env |
| By: | ISSIFOU, Hamza; NADJIMADNAN L., Stéphane |
| Abstract: | Several studies have suggested that an increase in per capita income has an impact on environmental quality; however, other research rejects this conclusion. This paper aims to empirically test the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis by analyzing the interaction between per capita income growth and environmental degradation, measured through CO2 emissions as the dependent variable. Furthermore, this study compiles panel data from 2000 to 2014 for all countries in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU). The study's results revealed that the EKC hypothesis is not supported in the WAEMU countries. Consequently, it is recommended that WAEMU countries strengthen their environmental policies, with a focus on reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Additionally, implementing environmental education programs to raise awareness among citizens is advised. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Kuznets Curve, per capita income, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. |
| JEL: | O55 Q52 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–11–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119224&r=env |
| By: | Jon Pareliussen; Axel Purwin |
| Abstract: | Sweden is among OECD best performers in reducing greenhouse gas emissions, much thanks to a comprehensive policy framework and relatively efficient policies. There is nonetheless room to further improve consistency of targets and policies, notably for transport, agriculture and carbon removals. Sweden’s long record as a climate frontrunner is also threatened by policy changes moving the 2030 reduction target out of reach unless compensated by new ambitious measures. A green industrial revolution is gaining momentum in Sweden’s north, fuelled by an abundant supply of clean electricity. Considerable investments in electricity generation, storage and transmission are needed, but long planning and permitting procedures slow many key projects down. The green revolution depends on people and skills to run industry and complementary public services. This is a challenge for northern regions and municipalities already facing labour shortages. |
| Keywords: | Climate policy, energy system, industrial transition, skills |
| JEL: | Q01 Q28 Q48 Q50 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–12–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1778-en&r=env |
| By: | Michael D. Bauer; Eric A. Offner; Glenn D. Rudebusch |
| Abstract: | The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA) represents the largest climate policy action ever undertaken in the United States. Its legislative path was marked by two abrupt shifts as the likelihood of climate policy action fell to near zero and then rose to near certainty. We investigate equity price reactions to these two events, which represent major realizations of climate policy transition risk. Our results highlight the heterogeneous nature of climate policy risk exposure. We find sizable reactions that differ by industry as well as across firm-level measures of greenness such as environmental scores and emission intensities. While the financial market response to the IRA was economically significant, it did not lead to instability or financial stress, suggesting that transition risks posed by climate policies even as ambitious as the IRA may be manageable. |
| Keywords: | transition risk, stranded assets, event study, carbon emissions, ESG scores, green stocks, brown stocks |
| JEL: | G14 G38 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10739&r=env |
| By: | Muhammad Adnan Hayat; Khalid Alhadhrami; Amro Elshurafa (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Abstract: | Countries are exploring various options to achieve net-zero emissions, including bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), which is the process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO2) from processes that utilize bioenergy to produce heat, electricity or biofuels. However, this technology faces sustainability concerns, an unclear public perception and has complex value chains for its emissions. Adding to this complexity, the literature presents two opposing views regarding the potential of BECCS to achieve negative emissions. This paper analyzes in detail a wide range of BECCS pathways in terms of their ability to achieve negative emissions and their associated costs. Out of the seven assessed pathways, our analysis shows that the corn-to-ethanol and biomethane-production-from-maize BECCS pathways in the U.S., along with biomethane production from wet manure in Europe and baling of straw pellets with trans-Atlantic shipment, can achieve negative emissions at a cost of 50, 108, 159 and 232 dollars per ton of CO2 ($/tCO2), respectively. Other technologies, such as poplar pellets, forest residue and agricultural residue with trans-Atlantic shipments, are not able to achieve negative emissions. |
| Keywords: | Battery Storage, Benefits of electricity trade, Business models, Climate change |
| Date: | 2023–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:dpaper:ks--2023-dp28&r=env |
| By: | Shahid Hasan (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Abstract: | Many policymakers now see the use of low-carbon hydrogen as a strong contender in terms of how to achieve climate neutrality goals. Currently, hydrogen is used in refinery processing, ammonia production, or methanol production as feedstock, where no other alternatives exist. However, new uses for hydrogen are being explored in the industry, transport, and electricity sectors, which together account for approximately 85% of global energy-related CO2 emissions. |
| Keywords: | Battery storage, Benefits of electricity trade, Climate change |
| Date: | 2023–10–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:dpaper:ks--2023-dp22&r=env |
| By: | Fateh Belaid; Mohamad Hejazi; Puneet Kamboj; Fatih Yilmaz (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Abstract: | This article examines the complex issue of energy poverty and its various dimensions, including energy access and affordability. It explores the challenges of addressing energy poverty and the trade-offs that may exist between energy poverty and climate change policy. |
| Keywords: | Energy Poverty, Energy access, Climate change policy |
| Date: | 2023–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:dpaper:ks--2023-dp18&r=env |
| By: | Muhammad Javid (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Abstract: | The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has taken many decisive steps toward a more sustainable future, in line with its Vision 2030, including the use of clean energy, offsetting of emissions, and protection of the environment. In this context, Saudi Arabia has set an ambitious target to reduce its carbon emissions by 278 mtpa by 2030. The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of interfuel substitution in Saudi Arabia’s industrial sector and to identify the role of substituting fossil fuel with carbon-neutral fuel, such as electricity, in meeting the CO2emissions target. A ridge regression method is used to estimate the parameters of the translog production function for the period 1990–2020. |
| Keywords: | Climate change mitigation, Carbon-neutral fuel, Electricity, Emmission offset |
| Date: | 2023–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:dpaper:ks--2023-dp25&r=env |
| By: | Clara Rabelo Caiafa; Amaro Olimpio Pereira; Henny Romijn; Heleen de Coninck |
| Abstract: | To meet climate change mitigation targets, an exponential increase in global green hydrogen trade is expected. Countries rich in renewable energy resources would be in a favourable position to become exporters, potentially bringing opportunities for socio-economic development. The Brazilian state of Ceará is developing a large-scale green hydrogen hub, which is expected to provide one-fifth of European Union (EU) imports by 2030 via the green corridor between Ceará and The Netherlands. Located in what has historically been the least-developed Brazilian region, the green hydrogen hub could bring unique opportunities for regional development in Ceará. However, while empirical studies on economic impacts from other renewable energy projects in developing economies show limited localised benefits, the potential economic co-benefits from export-oriented green hydrogen projects remains uncertain. This study combines semi-structured interviews and input-output modelling to estimate impacts on value-added, income and jobs (by gender) in Ceará according to four local content share scenarios and three renewable energy technologies (onshore wind, offshore wind and solar photovoltaics). By doing so, this study is the first to estimate the potential for economic co-benefits from export-oriented green hydrogen projects in a developing economy context, in a sub-national level, while accounting for technology- and project-specificity as well as impacts on gender inequality. Results suggest that highly internationalised scenarios, that is, with low local content shares and dominated by multinational companies, would not only present local benefits that are often an order of magnitude lower, but could, through distributional implications of employment types, also exacerbate existing income and gender inequalities. |
| Keywords: | Economic Co-benefits, Green Hydrogen, Gender, Input-Output Analysis, Regional development, Brazil |
| Date: | 2023–11–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wfo:wpaper:y:2023:i:667&r=env |
| By: | Joseph Cordonnier; Deger Saygin |
| Abstract: | Industry decarbonisation is a cornerstone to reach net-zero emissions by this mid-century. The diversity of industrial activities, processes and products, the complexity of global industrial value chains, and the international competition make industry decarbonisation a challenging objective. Annual investments in low-carbon technologies for industry decarbonisation need to increase by a factor of three to five by 2030 compared to current levels to align industrial emissions with net-zero pathways. This paper analyses available financing solutions to scale up investments at pace, especially in emerging and developing economies where industrial production is growing rapidly whilst available finance is limited. It highlights de-risking and financial instruments and models that can help accelerate investments and draws lessons from twelve financing industry decarbonisation case studies which demonstrate how private capital can be mobilised. |
| Keywords: | climate change, climate mitigation, de-risking instruments, economic instruments, financial instruments, greenhouse gas emissions, industry decarbonisation, industry value chains, low-carbon technologies |
| JEL: | G23 L60 O14 Q54 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–11–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:226-en&r=env |
| By: | Xu, Ankai |
| Abstract: | This note synthesises the available literature examining the impact of agricultural support on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as well as its impact on water, biodiversity, and land. In keeping with the Secretariat's impartiality, the note reports the findings as they appear in the literature. The primary source of analysis is the work conducted by Ash and Cox (2022), supplemented by additional insights from recent literature on this subject. |
| Keywords: | agriculture, environment, climate change |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wtowps:279895&r=env |
| By: | Deger Saygin; Moongyung Lee |
| Abstract: | Green hydrogen, produced from water and renewable power through the electrolysis process, can play a crucial role in the low-carbon transition to achieve the net-zero emission targets. Currently, the production cost of green hydrogen is not competitive when compared to hydrogen produced from natural gas. High capital costs are a major factor constraining its cost-competitiveness. This working paper utilises financial market data to address the knowledge gap concerning the range of Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) for green hydrogen projects. It also conducts a survey among investors and financiers to identify key risk factors contributing to the high WACC. The key risks that have been identified include offtaker risks, lack of credible offtakers, price uncertainty of green hydrogen, and the absence of hydrogen trading markets. These risks are closely connected to the available risk mitigation strategies and tools. The paper summarises key risk mitigation strategies identified through case studies of lighthouse green hydrogen projects that have either reached or are nearly point of reaching financial investment decisions. |
| Keywords: | cost competitiveness of green hydrogen, cost of capital, green hydrogen, industry decarbonisation, levelised cost of hydrogen |
| JEL: | L20 O14 O25 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2023–11–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:227-en&r=env |
| By: | Tuljapurkar, Sanvid; Zhang, Ruosi |
| Abstract: | The urgency to tackle climate change has placed sustainable development at the centre of recent trade related narratives. With trade being considered as means to achieve sustainable development goals, one issue to be addressed is how to adjust trade negotiations which used to be the main approach to pursuing market opening. In this context, this paper examines trade negotiations on environmental services by focusing on developing economies' participation. Environmental services and related trade play a critical role in achieving environmental and sustainable development goals. Nevertheless, developing economies' participation in environmental services trade negotiations has been limited. By analysing the reasons behind such limited participation and assessing some new approaches, this paper attempts to explore how environmental services trade negotiations could be adapted to better engage developing economies and serve sustainable development goals. |
| Keywords: | Environmental services, developing economies, trade negotiations |
| JEL: | F13 F18 F63 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wtowps:279903&r=env |
| By: | Michele Azzone; Maria Chiara Pocelli; Davide Stocco |
| Abstract: | Sustainable investing refers to the integration of environmental and social aspects in investors' decisions. We propose a novel methodology based on the Triangulated Maximally Filtered Graph and node2vec algorithms to construct an hedging portfolio for climate risk, represented by various risk factors, among which the CO2 and the ESG ones. The CO2 factor is strongly correlated consistently over time with the Utility sector, which is the most carbon intensive in the S&P 500 index. Conversely, identifying a group of sectors linked to the ESG factor proves challenging. As a consequence, while it is possible to obtain an efficient hedging portfolio strategy with our methodology for the carbon factor, the same cannot be achieved for the ESG one. The ESG scores appears to be an indicator too broadly defined for market applications. |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2311.12450&r=env |
| By: | Team, AISDL |
| Abstract: | On 16 August 2023, given the urgency and severity of the climate crisis, the AISDL Team pledged to contribute its modest strength to alleviating the anthropogenic impacts on the Earth system and, if possible, restore its “healthy” condition through scientific and practical actions. This endeavor will be a long journey, requiring precise navigation and decision-making based on what is needed, what can be done, and what has been done so far. The note aims to summarize all the works related to environment, conservation, and sustainability that the AISDL Team’s members have done, supporting the Team to understand where we are now, what we have done, and what we should do next. We acknowledge that our contribution to the collective endeavors to alleviate climate change and restore ecosystems remains modest. Hopefully, we can make more helpful contributions to the fields of climate change prevention and sustainable development, both scientifically and practically, in the future. |
| Date: | 2023–11–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:nd7wa&r=env |
| By: | Marco Tedeschi (Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the relationship between fossil fuels energy prices and renewable energy ETFs through a two-step approach: cointegration analysis and volatility spillover examination at both aggregate and frequency levels. Using daily closing prices from May 5, 2014, to October 31, 2023, we find evidence of cointegration among prices and a substitutedness (complementarity) relationship between fossil fuels and eolic (solar) energy. Exploring the system's common trend and correction mechanism underscores the influential role of growing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) sentiment in the market. External events, such as the Russia-Ukraine war and the Covid-19 pandemic, have discernible impacts on financial prices. The study provides valuable implications for investors and hedgers, offering guidance for portfolio optimization and emphasizing the consideration of sustainable financial products. |
| Keywords: | Cointegration; Spillovers: Renewable Energies; Fossil Fuels; ESG. |
| JEL: | C22 C58 Q40 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anc:wpaper:483&r=env |
| By: | Valero, Diana; Cook, Jess; Lee, Angus; Browne, Alison L.; Ellis, Rowan; Pancholi, Vidya Sagar; Hoolohan, Claire |
| Abstract: | Access to safe, clean and affordable water is a basic human right and a global goal towards which climate change poses new challenges that heavily impact the health and wellbeing of people across the globe and exacerbate or create new inequalities. These challenges are shaped by a number of geographical and social conditions that, apart from the risks of weather-driven impacts on water, include water governance and management arrangements in place, including pricing tariffs, and the interplay of social and economic inequalities. Building on examples from Australia, Scotland and England and Wales that illustrate access to water in different types of water provision systems, and regarding to aspects of access, quality and affordability, this paper explores the types of challenges related to water poverty in the context of climate crisis and reflects on the multiple dimensions of water poverty oriented social policy at the interplay of climate change associated risks. |
| Keywords: | water poverty; water insecurity; water affordability; cost of living |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2023–10–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:120704&r=env |
| By: | Faus Onbargi, Alexia; Dombrowsky, Ines |
| Abstract: | Farmers have started to adopt information and communication technology (ICT), which has considerable potential to impact farm performance. This study uses data from a 2018 survey of 763 vegetable smallholder farms in China to estimate the impact of ICT on technical efficiency (TE). We adopt propensity score matching to create a balanced sample of ICT users and non-users and a stochastic frontier model with sample selection correction to compare the two groups' TE. After accounting for self-selection bias from both observables and unobservables, the study finds a positive effect of ICT use on TE. On average, the TE score of ICT users is 0.64, whereas ICT non-users have a lower score of 0.57. A quantile regression analysis further reveals a heterogeneous impact of ICT on TE, with the largest effects among less efficient farms. These results suggest that vegetable farmers' performance could be fostered by the widespread use of ICT.There has been a significant policy shift in Germany's energy transition - the Energiewende - resulting from Russia's invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent war. The Easter Package, rolled out in Spring 2022, set a series of ambitious renewable energy targets and laws to enable both climate action and energy security. These are to be implemented in tandem with existing laws such as the Coal Exit Law and the Federal Climate Change Act. Aligning policies and targets to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and ensure energy reliability and affordability requires concerted policy coherence, a policy process to pursue multiple goals in a way that maximises synergies and minimises trade-offs. Reducing trade-offs (and their consequences) is especially crucial if the energy transition is to be just for all and become a vehicle towards a broader Just Transition, as well as to achieve the aims of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (including "leaving no one behind") and the Paris Agreement. This policy brief first examines some of the most important policies - and (in)coherences - pertaining to the Energiewende, with a specific focus on the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), one of Germany's main coal-mining regions. The brief then goes on to explore the main political drivers - through the lens of ideas, interests and institutions - of policy (in)coherence in two parallel Energiewende policy processes that are particularly relevant to the electricity sector: the coal phase-out and the phase-in of onshore wind. Although solar power and green hydrogen are also key to a successful Energiewende, these are not the subject of this brief. Our insights derive from policy document analysis and 28 semi-structured interviews. To move towards a Just Transition, the following recommendations are made to promote coherence in Germany's Energiewende and inform the ongoing revision of the NRW Sustainability Strategy (last updated in 2020). The recommendations may also be of interest to the newly appointed NRW Advisory Board on Sustainability: Mitigate ideological, institutional and interest-based barriers to ambitious climate action by ensuring a political commitment to policy coherence. In NRW in particular, this means meeting recent promises to deliver a coal phase-out by 2030 and lift the 1, 000 metre (m) "rule" (i.e. 1 kilometre (km) between residential buildings and wind turbines), as well as mitigating arising conflicts between residents' interests, particularly around the sharing of profits. Such commitments should be made explicit in the revised NRW Sustainability Strategy and legislated. Promote greater political equality in all Energiewende policy-making decision processes at all governance levels (i.e. federal, state and municipal) in consultative and participatory mechanisms towards greater energy democracy. Reducing political in-equality is key to increase the public's acceptance of renewable energy projects (e.g. through cooperatives) - one of the aims of the latest NRW Sustainability Strategy. Integrate notions of social and climate justice into Energiewende policy to ensure the German energy transition is a just one for all individuals, and not just for German coal workers. Notions of procedural, distribution and recognition justice are featured here and should be highlighted in the updated NRW Sustainability Strategy. |
| Keywords: | Energiewende, Germany, North Rhine-Westphalia, Energy transition, Coal phase-out, On-shore wind phase-in, Political inequality, Synergies, Trade-offs, Policy incoherence |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:idospb:279954&r=env |
| By: | Gasparini, Matteo |
| Abstract: | Previous research has highlighted a positive correlation between realised returns and carbon emissions. This paper shows that this carbon premium might be partially due to mispricing produced by climate policy uncertainty. For this reason, realised returns may not be representative of expected returns. To show this, I develop an asset pricing model with uncertain expectations about the future cash flows of fossil-fuel firms; the price-dividend ratio increases with uncertainty about a climate policy regime shift. I confirm this proposition empirically using data on analysts' forecasts; I find that analysts' forecast disagreement, as a proxy for climate policy uncertainty, may explain part of the valuations of a large sample of fossil-fuel stocks. Using my model, I show with forward-looking scenarios that cash flow expectations implied in the valuations of fossil-fuel firms may be inconsistent with a net zero carbon transition. |
| Keywords: | Asset Pricing, Uncertainty, Climate Finance, Climate Change |
| JEL: | G11 G18 Q51 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2023-23&r=env |
| By: | Peter Anagnostakos; Jason Bram; Benjamin Chan; Natalia Fischl-Lanzoni; Hasan Latif; James M. Mahoney; Donald P. Morgan; Ladd Morgan; Ivelisse Suarez |
| Abstract: | We study Puerto Rico’s experience after the severe hurricane season of 2017 to better understand how extreme weather disasters affect bank stability and their ability to lend. Despite the devastation wrought by two category 5 hurricanes in a single month, we find relatively modest and transitory impacts on bank performance with no evident decline in lending capacity. We discuss various mitigants that help limit bank exposure to extreme weather and whether these mitigants may be vulnerable given the potential for more severe and more impactful climate events. |
| Keywords: | climate change; physical risks; hurricanes; banks; Puerto Rico |
| JEL: | G21 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednsr:97348&r=env |
| By: | Giuseppe Attanasi (Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; BETA, University of Strasbourg, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, GREDEG, France); Barbara Buljat Raymond (Université Côte d'Azur, France; GREDEG CNRS); Agnès Festré (Université Côte d'Azur, France; GREDEG CNRS); Andrea Guido (Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté; Burgundy School of Business) |
| Abstract: | We test whether augmented reality (AR) can serve as a fundraising tool by providing a more immersive way of communicating about environmental issues. In two incentivized studies, we exposed people to AR visualizations illustrating the consequences of plastic pollution, and measure the effect on participant' psychological distance, concern, intention to act and real proenvironmental behavior (donation to pro-environmental organizations). Results show evidence of heterogeneous effects depending on participants’ self-reported pro-environmental attitudes and personal characteristics: following the intervention, individuals with low environmental engagement were likely to reduce their psychological distance, while the opposite happened for individuals engaged in sustainable practices. However, despite AR visualizations reduced the psychological distance of a subset of individuals, our experimental intervention did not increase donation levels. Taken together, our results raise concerns about the use of AR technologies in fundraising and highlight the need for personalised interventions that take into account the heterogeneity of target groups. |
| Keywords: | Augmented Reality (AR), experiment, decision making, environmental fundraising, psychological distance, pro-environmental behavior, pro-environmental attitudes |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2023-15&r=env |
| By: | Alexandros Skouralis; Nicole Lux; Mark Andrew |
| Keywords: | Climate Change; flood risk; Flood Risk Discount; UK Property Prices |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_79&r=env |
| By: | Ernst, Anne; Stähler, Nikolai; Hinterlang, Natascha |
| JEL: | E32 E50 E62 H32 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc23:277631&r=env |
| By: | Francesco de Cunzo; Davide Consoli; Francois Perruchas; Angelica Sbardella |
| Abstract: | The goal of this paper is to elaborate an empirical analysis of the relationship between Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) and environmental technologies. Using text mining techniques to parse and analyse patent descriptions, we provide a thorough empirical exploration of (i) the dependence of green technologies on CRMs; (ii) the countries that lead the demand of CRMs; and (iii) the countries that are more exposed to global demand for CRMs. Framed in the context of recent policy debates on the viability of the green transition, our study points to criticalities associated to both the evolution of green technology and to the spatial network of demand and supply of CRMs. |
| Keywords: | Critical Raw Materials, Green Technologies, Text Mining |
| JEL: | O33 Q55 O13 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2322&r=env |
| By: | Devenish, Adam J. M.; Schmitter, Petra; Jellason, Nugun. P.; Esmail, Nafeesa; Abdi, Nur M.; Adanu, Selase K.; Adolph, Barbara; Al-Zu’bi, Maha; Amali, Amali A.; Barron, Jennie; Chapman, Abbie S.A.; Chausson, Alexandre M.; Chibesa, Moses; Davies, Joanne; Dugan, Emmanuel; Edwards, Glory I.; Egeru, Anthony; Gebrehiwot, Tagel; Griffiths, Geoffrey H.; Haile, Amleset; Hunga, Henry G.; Igbine, Lizzy; Jarju, Ousman M.; Keya, Francis; Khalifa, Muhammad; Ledoux, Wamba A.; Lejissa, Lemlem T.; Loupa, Pius; Lwanga, Jonathan; Mapedza, Everisto D.; Marchant, Robert; McLoud, Tess; Mukuyu, Patience; Musah, Labram M.; Mwanza, Morton; Mwitwa, Jacob; Neina, Dora; Newbold, Tim; Njogo, Samuel; Robinson, Elizabeth; Singini, Wales; Umar, Bridget B.; Wesonga, Frank; Willcock, Simon; Yang, Jingyi; Tobias, Joseph A. |
| Abstract: | Sub-Saharan Africa is facing an expected doubling of human population and tripling of food demand over the next quarter century, posing a range of severe environmental, political, and socio-economic challenges. In some cases, key Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are in direct conflict, raising difficult policy and funding decisions, particularly in relation to trade-offs between food production, social inequality, and ecosystem health. In this study, we used a horizon-scanning approach to identify 100 practical or research-focused questions that, if answered, would have the greatest positive impact on addressing these trade-offs and ensuring future productivity and resilience of food-production systems across sub-Saharan Africa. Through direct canvassing of opinions, we obtained 1339 questions from 331 experts based in 55 countries. We then used online voting and participatory workshops to produce a final list of 100 questions divided into 12 thematic sections spanning topics from gender inequality to technological adoption and climate change. Using data on the background of respondents, we show that perspectives and priorities can vary, but they are largely consistent across different professional and geographical contexts. We hope these questions provide a template for establishing new research directions and prioritising funding decisions in sub-Saharan |
| Keywords: | agricultural development; acroecosystems; environmental impacts; horizon scan; food security; food systems; social inclusion; Sustainable Development Goals; trade-offs; UKRI Global Challenges Research Fund grant ES/P011306/1 (JAT) |
| JEL: | R14 J01 J1 |
| Date: | 2023–10–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:120693&r=env |
| By: | Andreas Freytag (Friedrich Schiller University Jena, University of Stellenbosch, CESifo-Research Network, STIAS); Matthias Menter (Friedrich Schiller University Jena); Jan Hauke Montag (Friedrich Schiller University Jena); Sebastian Schuhmann (Friedrich Schiller University Jena) |
| Abstract: | Economic development and climate change constitute two of today’s major international policy challenges. While development cooperation has long been on the political agenda, addressing global climate change has gained policymakers’ attention more recently. Transfers for financing single projects have been a common practice in the development field. Empirical evidence suggests that the effectiveness has remained disappointing. Consequently, many developing countries face governance problems affecting their ability to master challenges associated with climate change. Current trends in international climate cooperation follow a similar approach. Political efforts may prove insufficient to meet climate objectives if similar deficiencies occur in climate cooperation. Applying a political economy approach, this paper provides a critical assessment of current practices in international development and climate policies highlighting the observed deficiencies in development and potential implications for climate cooperation. Acknowledging the interlinkages and linking development and climate change policies, could increase the effectiveness and efficiency of political efforts. The paper, furthermore, discusses market-based instruments, especially Emission Trading Schemes as policy alternatives as well as the potential merits for circumventing and solving institutional problems experienced in climate cooperation. We discuss the political economic challenges affecting the implementation and operation of (a global) scheme. |
| Keywords: | development, climate change, policy coordination, emission trading scheme, issue linkage |
| JEL: | O13 O44 P41 P48 |
| Date: | 2023–11–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrp:jrpwrp:2023-019&r=env |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | Given the direct impacts of climate change are felt first and foremost at the local level, many have called for climate adaptation to be a local responsibility. Indeed, local authorities have a major influence on climate change adaptation - such as through their land use and permitting decisions. Yet, their actions are strongly determined by the national fiscal, regulatory and policy contexts in which they are embedded in. This policy paper provides an overview and a discussion of the roles and responsibilities for climate adaptation across levels of government. It argues that co-operation across levels of government is needed to strengthen adaptation at the local level. This policy paper was prepared as part of the OECD Territorial Approach to Climate Action and Resilience programme, which supports subnational authorities in their efforts to accelerate the net zero transition and build systemic resilience. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, climate change adaptation, climate risk, local government |
| Date: | 2023–12–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaac:38-en&r=env |
| By: | HISGUIMA DASSIDI Crépin |
| Abstract: | This study highlights the effect of Fiscal Rules(FR) on Green Investments(GI) in developing countries. We analyze the causal effect of adopting rules on green financing using the entropy balancing method in 78 countries. Two hypotheses are tested in this study. The first one states that adopting Fiscal Rules increases green financing, and the second one is related to the ability of different types of rules to attract more investments to fight climate change. First, the results are robust and show that adopting Fiscal Rules increases climate finance. Unlike expenditure rules, deficit, debt, and revenue rules positively affect green financing. The effect of Fiscal Rules on green finance is amplified in countries with strong economic performance, high levels of democracy, goodquality institutions, and a well-functioning state apparatus. On the other hand, the effect of the rules is mitigated in the presence of high natural resource rents. |
| Keywords: | Fiscal rules, green investment, fiscal policy |
| JEL: | E60 E62 Q5 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:remwps:wp02982023&r=env |
| By: | Achuo, Elvis; Asongu, Simplice; Tchamyou, Vanessa |
| Abstract: | This study examines the effect of women’s socioeconomic empowerment on environmental sustainability in Africa over the 1996-2019 period. Results of the system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) estimator reveal that women’s socioeconomic empowerment is environment enhancing. Moreover, the findings reveal that the environmental impact of women’s socioeconomic empowerment is modulated through GDP per capita and Foreign Direct Investments (FDI), leading to respective net effects of 0.002055 and 0.003478. These positive net effects are offset beyond respective threshold values of 9.513889 and 9.611398. These thresholds of GDP and FDI are critical for complementary policies relating to the link between women empowerment and environmental sustainability. Consequently, for women empowerment to effectively contribute to environmental sustainability in Africa, various governments, either through individual or concerted efforts should endeavour to create enabling business environments capable of attracting substantial FDI necessary to propel sustainable growth. Moreover, the nexus is not linear and hence, governments should also be aware of critical levels of FDI and GDP per capita at which, complementary policies are needed for women’s socioeconomic empowerment to maintain a positive influence on environmental sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Women empowerment, Environmental sustainability, Ecofeminism, Africa |
| JEL: | B54 J16 O55 O56 |
| Date: | 2022–01–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119053&r=env |
| By: | Trinks, Arjan; Hille, Erik |
| JEL: | D22 H23 Q41 Q48 Q52 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc23:277705&r=env |
| By: | Hyun, Hea-Jung (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | This study examines how environmental nontariff measures (NTMs) affect trade in Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) member economies. Using product-level panel data spanning 2009–2020, we find that stringent environmental NTMs reduce trade in APEC member economies, whereas no significant effect exists when exporting is destined to non-APEC economies. The trade-impeding effect of NTMs is prominent in exports of dirty goods from economies with high-intensity greenhouse gas emissions through additional adaptation costs to meet environmental standards set by high-income importing countries with the high-intensity imposition of the measure. Results imply that APEC economies need to enhance effective environmental regulations by taking the heterogeneous effects of NTMs on trade across industries and types of measures into account. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Nontariff Measure; Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT); Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measure (SPS); APEC; International Trade |
| JEL: | F13 F14 F15 |
| Date: | 2023–11–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepas:2023_001&r=env |
| By: | Flörchinger, Daniela; Frondel, Manuel; Jarke-Neuert, Johannes; Perino, Grischa |
| JEL: | C93 D83 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc23:277680&r=env |
| By: | Söderberg, Magnus (The Ratio Institute); Sundriyal, Vivek (Halmstad University); Gabrielsson, Johan (Halmstad University) |
| Abstract: | Increasing waste levels, combined with ambitious environmental targets, are exerting upward pressures on the cost for municipal solid waste in many countries. The purpose of this study is to investigate what municipalities can do to counteract this development. We collect information about population, cost and waste from 225 Swedish and Norwegian municipalities and empirically investigate how waste bin structure/type of waste collection system and population affect municipalities’ waste cost. Results indicate that 4-compartment bins is the most expensive bin structure (+13%) and using the same bin types in detached and multi-family dwellings leads to coordination savings (-18%). The cost minimising population is slightly above 600, 000 inhabitants. Several of the surveyed municipalities have substantially fewer inhabitants than that and cost per inhabitant can be reduced by up to 30% in several locations through collaborations with larger neighbours. In Sweden, transferring the responsibility for solid waste from the municipalities (290 in total) to the regions (20 in total) would eliminate almost all scale inefficiencies. |
| Keywords: | Waste management; cost; population; bins; Sweden; Norway |
| JEL: | L98 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–11–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0367&r=env |
| By: | Heidelmeier, Lisa; Sahm, Marco |
| JEL: | C7 D1 D2 D6 H4 L1 Q5 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc23:277635&r=env |
| By: | Nour Nsiri (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes); Abderraouf Zaatra (CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes); Sophie Drogué (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Hatem Belhouchette (CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, UMR ABSys - Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Georgios Kleftodimos (CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Keywords: | WATER RESOURCES, RESOURCE DEPLETION, RESILIENCE, FARMS, SEMIARID ZONES, IRRIGATION, FARMING SYSTEM, AGRICULTURAL INCOME, MOROCCO, RESSOURCE EN EAU, EPUISEMENT DES RESSOURCES, EXPLOITATION AGRICOLE, ZONE SEMI ARIDE, SYSTEME DE PRODUCTION, REVENU AGRICOLE, MAROC |
| Date: | 2023–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04213830&r=env |
| By: | Asongu, Simplice; Salahodjaev, Raufhon |
| Abstract: | This study explores the empowerment of women in politics on the environmental sustainability. Using data for the period 2015-2019 from 179 countries, we investigate the link between representation of women in parliament and the Environmental Performance Index (EPI). To explore the causal effect, we rely on gender quotas, language intensity and land suitability for agriculture as instruments for the share of women in parliament. Our results suggest that 10 percentage points increase in instrumented proportion of women in parliament leads to 7.1 points increase in the EPI. The results remain robust to a number of robustness checks. |
| Keywords: | environmental performance, women in parliament |
| JEL: | Q50 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022–01–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119050&r=env |
| By: | Arellano Gonzalez Jesus; Juárez-Torres Miriam; Zazueta Borboa Francisco |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we investigate the effect of weather shocks on the price of two crops of great importance in Mexican agriculture: white corn and dry beans. We rely on panel data techniques applied to a 20-year long panel of prices at the market/city level. Our results show that positive temperature and negative precipitation shocks of at least 0.5 standard deviations relative to the climate normal have immediate and lagged positive effects on the price of these crops. The immediate effect is about 2.0%, while the lagged effect is between 1.0% and 2.5%, depending on the timing of the shock within the crop's growing period. We also show that one of the mechanisms explaining the effect of weather shocks on the price of these crops is their detrimental effect on productivity, especially for rainfed production. |
| Keywords: | Food Inflation;Weather Shocks;Staple prices;Local Markets |
| JEL: | E31 Q15 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdm:wpaper:2023-16&r=env |
| By: | Taron, Avinandan; Majumder, A.; Bodach, Susanne; Agbefu, Dzifa |
| Abstract: | Processing biomass from different waste streams into marketable products such as organic fertilizer and bio-energy is increasingly realized through public-private partnerships (PPPs). In developing countries, the private sector can be expected to contribute technical skills, organizational capabilities and marketing expertise, and leverage capital inflow. In contrast, the public sector will provide the regulatory framework and help its enforcement, plan public investment, involve and educate stakeholders, and ensure waste supply. This report reviews case studies that implemented PPPs in resource recovery and reuse (RRR) from waste streams with a particular focus on Asia and Africa, including those PPPs facilitated by the authors. Critical factors behind the success and failure of these cases are analyzed. The review indicates three key barriers to success: (i) waste-related bottlenecks, (ii) limited awareness about RRR products and their market(ing), and (iii) lack of proper institutional frameworks. Common shortfalls concern failure to meet commitments related to the quality and quantity of waste, missing understanding of the reuse market, etc. The report points out mitigation measures addressing possible challenges around appropriate technologies, finance and revenue streams, legal issues, as well as social and environmental concerns. It is required to establish close monitoring, appropriate procurement mechanisms and due diligence during the project preparation and pre-bid. If possible, such a PPP project should consider risk and commercial viability assessment as well as financial strategy planning (scaling). Successful involvement of the private sector in the RRR market is critical to close the resource loop and safeguard human and environmental health, which is the overarching objective of sustainable waste management. |
| Keywords: | Resource recovery; Resource management; Reuse; Circular economy; Bioeconomy; Public-private partnerships; Developing countries; Case studies; Waste management; Solid wastes; Recycling; Composting; Organic wastes; Organic fertilizers; Bioenergy; Biogas |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:rerere:h052155&r=env |
| By: | Letort, Elodie; Dupraz, P |
| Abstract: | The objective of this study is to simulate a payment for environmental services scheme to reduce enteric methane emissions per litre of milk by incentivizing farmers to modify the diet of dairy cows. We estimated a milk yield function by distinguishing between types of fodder and concentrate feeds. Methane emissions were calculated from the technical relationship between different feed sources and milk productivity. The heterogeneity of the production conditions faced by the farmers was identified from a mixture model estimated by the EM algorithm. The results show that, with the introduction of the payment for environmental services, farmers reduce their methane emissions per litre of milk the more their production conditions, as reflected by the quality of their forage, are good. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2023–11–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:inrasl:338908&r=env |
| By: | Engler, Daniel; Ziegler, Andreas; Gutsche, Gunnar; Simixhiu, Amantia |
| JEL: | Q54 D64 D83 D91 C93 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc23:277662&r=env |
| By: | Kaffo Fotio, Herve; Nchofoung, Tii; Asongu, Simplice |
| Abstract: | Despite growing attention on the role of renewable energy in promoting economic growth and environmental sustainability, its adoption rate remains uncomfortably low, especially in developing countries. This study attempts to explore the ways to extend the installed capacity of renewable energy in 16 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the period 1980-2017. The results from panel cointegration econometric techniques suggest that policies to enhance financial integration should increase the installed capacity of renewable energy in SSA, though the beneficial effect is only statistically significant in the long run. This effect holds, although disproportionately when the financial integration index is disaggregated into its de facto and de jure aspects. Moreover, the quantile regression analysis reveals that the effect of financial integration on renewable energy capacity is positive but heterogeneous across the conditional distribution of renewable energy capacity. However, the positive effect of financial integration is not enough to ensure the diversification of the energy mix, measured as the share of renewable installed capacity in the total installed capacity. The results show that economic growth is positively linked to renewable energy generation capacity while financial development is negatively associated with renewable energy production. Overall, these findings suggest that policies to increase the openness to foreign capitals are welcomed as far as renewable energy generation is concerned. |
| Keywords: | Financial integration, Renewable energy, Sub-Saharan Africa, Cointegration |
| JEL: | E0 O1 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119063&r=env |
| By: | Koch, Svea; Aleksandrova, Mariya |
| Abstract: | With the first Global Stocktake to be presented at the 28th Conference of the Parties (COP28) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Dubai, the question of inadequate levels of climate finance for developing countries will again take centre stage. Ongoing efforts to reform climate finance include the negotiation of a New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) by the end of 2024; the structural reform of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to provide more climate finance and to lower the cost of capital; and the setting-up and integration of the new funding stream for loss and damage. Yet, there are other longstanding issues in international climate finance that likewise need to be addressed as part of these ongoing efforts, which are mainly related to the disentanglement of the development and climate finance regimes. Official Development Assistance (ODA), per definition, aims to promote the economic development and welfare of developing countries, and at the same time plays an increasing role in the global climate finance landscape. However, sourcing climate finance from ODA is already leading to a 'crowding out' of limited ODA resources for its original purposes. Moreover, the current system of reporting on and accounting for climate finance provided through ODA has significant pitfalls and weaknesses. This paper discusses some of the key challenges caused by the blurring of the development assistance and climate finance regimes and argues that the NCQG process and the integration of loss and damage into the climate finance system must go hand in hand with a separation of climate and development finance accounting mechanisms whilst ensuring integrated policy responses. We address these issues in two parts: first we focus on the current system of reporting and accounting for international climate finance (as ODA); and second on the role of ODA to finance mitigation, adaptation, and loss and damage. We argue that there is a political necessity for distinguishing between ODA and climate finance (for transparency and credibility), which contrasts with the operational reality where co-benefits of projects and development finance must be achieved by integrating climate and non-climate objectives. In this regard, the paper analyses the implications of on-going negotiations under the UNFCCC around the NCQG and loss and damage for a necessary ODA reform. In particular, we make the following recommendations: (1) Align the accounting and reporting system of the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) with the NCQG: one should separate climate and development finance; reduce over-reporting; and establish triangulation of climate finance data reported by donors. (2) Introduce qualitative frameworks for monitoring and assessment of the impact of climate-related interventions; and define 'fit-for-purpose' instru-ments and channels for the provision of climate finance. Looking ahead, we expect discussions on a potential enlargement of the contributor base of climate finance to give new impetus to climate finance reform. |
| Keywords: | development finance, climate change |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:idospb:279953&r=env |
| By: | B. Kelsey Jack (University of California); Seema Jayachandran (Princeton University); Flavio Malagutti (University of California); Sarojini Rao (Virginia Department of Planning and Budget) |
| Abstract: | In addition to generating a negative environmental externality, a household’s water consumption entails another “market failure†: household members free-ride off each other and overconsume. The problem stems from consumption being billed at the household level and the difficulty of monitoring one another’s consumption. We document the importance of this phenomenon in urban Zambia by combining utility billing records and randomized person-specific price variation. We derive and empirically confirm the following prediction: Individuals with weaker incentives to conserve under the household’s financial arrangements reduce water use more when their person-specific price increases. Another prediction is that this overconsumption problem is more acute when the financial benefit of a lower utility bill is shared unevenly among household members. We show that households indeed seem more responsive to a change in the household-level price of water when their financial arrangements are more equal. Our results offer a novel explanation for the low price sensitivity of residential water (and electricity) consumption. |
| Keywords: | environmental externalities, intrahousehold decision-making, moral hazard, Pigouvian pricing, water use |
| JEL: | D10 H21 H23 O10 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pri:econom:2023-13&r=env |
| By: | Arnaud Persenda (Université Côte d'Azur, France; GREDEG CNRS); Alexandre Ruiz (Université Côte d'Azur, France; GREDEG CNRS) |
| Abstract: | Green goods are products necessary to reach sustainable development targets. Since they offer many benefits, we discuss the question of why not all countries produce them. Using the economic complexity framework, we study how likely it is that a country will get a comparative advantage by producing green goods. We also study the externalities in terms of diversification prospects that arise from gaining a comparative advantage by producing and exporting green goods. For this purpose, we define a directed network in which nodes are products and links are the probability that a product catalyzes another one several years later. This network uses bilateral trade flows at the 6-digit level to assess the autocatalytic structure of product adoption, by identifying clusters of self-reinforcing products. We show that green goods are less prone to self-reinforcement compared to their non-green counterparts and offer fewer avenues for economic diversification. We also find that the impact of diversification varies across countries, suggesting that a one-size-fits-all approach to fostering the production of green goods may not be effective. |
| Keywords: | Economic complexity, Economic growth, Structural change, Networks, Autocatalytic set |
| JEL: | D85 F43 O25 O44 O50 Q50 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2023-16&r=env |
| By: | Thomas Pernet (Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne); Mathilde Maurel (CNRS, Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne); Zhao Ruili (Shangaï University of International Business and Economics, China) |
| Abstract: | This study explores the role of internal finance on firms' environmental behavior, focusing specifically on sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions in China's rapidly growing industrial sector. Using a rich and unique dataset provided by the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP), our baseline results find a statistically significant positive relationship between asset tangibility and SO2 emissions intensity, revealing that credit-constrained firms with higher tangible assets contribute to elevated pollution levels. Additionally, we observe that firms with stronger internal finances experience a significant reduction in SO2 emissions. Our empirical analysis uncovers two key mechanisms through which internal finance influences firm behavior. First, firms with stronger internal financial health, as measured by metrics like cash flow, current ratio, and coverage ratio, are more inclined to invest in Research & Development and Total Factor Productivity, especially in credit-constrained sectors. Second, these financially robust firms are more proactive in adopting SO2 abatement technologies, an effect that becomes more pronounced in the context of credit-constrained firms. Our findings offer a nuanced understanding of how internal financial resources can serve as a dual lever for both innovation and sustainability, particularly in settings where external financing is limited |
| Keywords: | China; Pollution emissions; Financial constraints; Internal financing; TFP |
| JEL: | G2 G32 L25 L6 Q53 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mse:cesdoc:23015&r=env |
| By: | B. Kelsey Jack (University of California at Santa Barbara); Seema Jayachandran (Princeton University); Namrata Kala (MIT Sloan School of Management); Rohini Pande (Yale University) |
| Abstract: | We test the effectiveness of payments for ecosystem services (PES) in reducing crop residue burning, which contributes significantly to India’s poor air quality. Standard PES contracts pay a monetary reward after verification that the participant has met a pro-environment condition (clearing agricultural fields without burning). We randomize paying a portion of the money upfront and unconditionally to address liquidity constraints and farmer distrust, which may undermine the standard contract’s effectiveness. Despite providing a lower reward for compliance, contracts with partial upfront payment increase compliance by 10 percentage points, which is corroborated with satellite-based burning measurements. The cost per life saved using this strategy is $4400. In contrast, standard PES has no effect on burning; the payments made are entirely inframarginal. |
| Keywords: | India, Life Expectancy, Payments for Ecosystem Services, PES |
| JEL: | O13 Q01 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pri:econom:2023-14&r=env |
| By: | Pepe, Jacopo Maria; Ansari, Dawud; Gehrung, Rosa Melissa |
| Abstract: | The transition to a hydrogen-based economy is gaining momentum in both Germany and the European Union (EU). Used as an energy carrier, hydrogen holds the promise of freeing hard-to-decarbonise sectors like heavy industry, aviation, and maritime trade from their emissions. At the same time, policymakers hope that hydrogen will promote Europe's energy independence, push sustainable development, and strengthen value-based trade. This study presents three plausible yet disruptive scenarios for the geopolitics of hydrogen up to the year 2040 (developed with a team of experts in a multi-stage foresight process). "Hydrogen Realignment" considers the possibility of an eastward shift of industry, power, and technological leadership; "Hydrogen (In)Dependence" depicts a future, in which Europe pursues hydrogen self-sufficiency but becomes dependent on raw material supply; and "Hydrogen Imperialism" delves into the dystopian scenario of a hydrogen transition dominated by hegemons and despots. The transition to hydrogen is likely to shift and complicate Europe's external dependence rather than eliminate it; the role of supply chains will become more important. Moreover, the potential of hydrogen trade for global sustainable development is limited and requires targeted efforts. Resource distribution, production potential, current geopolitical power dynamics, and their interplay will influence hydrogen policy and decision-making along the entire value chain, with actors often giving priority to socioeconomic, geopolitical, and technopolitical considerations. Germany and the EU must pursue a proactive hydrogen strategy, acknowledge the preferences of external actors, and form pragmatic partnerships to keep sight of climate goals, retain industry, and avoid losing global influence. In addition to promoting targeted technologies, decision-makers must manage dependencies across sectors and do so in an anticipatory way. Pursuing diversification is indispensable, and instituting targeted diplomacy and development assistance would be helpful. The new hydrogen sector also needs governing institutions - for example a "Hydrogen Alliance" - to mitigate geopolitical risks and allocate investments correctly. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swprps:279892&r=env |
| By: | Occhiali, Giovanni |
| Abstract: | Increasing the slow pace of adoption of environmental taxes across low-income countries has become a significant priority among international financial institutions, multilateral development banks, and international donors. Yet little is known about the practical institutional, administrative, and political obstacles that have led to their slow implementation and how they can be made more appealing, especially across sub-Saharan Africa. Based on an extensive literature review and 16 in-depth interviews with ministries of finance, revenue authorities, and other government stakeholders across six African countries, this paper provides some evidence that will support action and research on this theme. While there are differences across the countries covered, a lack of data and analytical capacity to develop effective environmental taxes is a common theme, as well as the historical prioritisation of their revenue mobilisation capacity over their environmental impact. A great variety of government actors with a mandate over natural resources, often with competing policy priorities, coupled with a lack of coordination fora, has also impeded the harmonisation of the environmental charges they levy. These measures are also often perceived to be regressive and to pose an obstacle to industrial development, lowering their appeal, given that poverty reduction and employment creation are an overarching priority. Nonetheless, support for introducing specific environmental tax measures exists across the population and policymakers, especially if their revenue can be earmarked for environmental purposes. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Environment, Governance, |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idq:ictduk:18192&r=env |
| By: | Zainab Fatima (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics) |
| Abstract: | The webinar featured two distinguished speakers, Naeem Sarfraz, Chairman of FPCCI (Federation of Pakistan Chambers of Commerce and Industry) Standing Committee on Inland Water Transport, food and Water Management, and Capt. Retired Rashid Zafar Cheema, Manager SPD (Strategic Planning Division) Pakistan National Shipping Corporation. The event aimed to shed light on the untapped potential of Pakistan’s inland waterways and its role in revitalizing the nation’s economy. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pid:wbrief:2023:123&r=env |
| By: | Marie Petitet; Amro Elshurafa; Frank Felder (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Abstract: | Energy prices in Europe have been soaring, and policymakers are trying to find solutions to immediately contain the energy prices for end-consumers and to enhance the market design in the longer term. This paper discusses some of the current events that are facing the power sector in Europe and some challenges that may face the industry more generally in the future. Then, we propose policy recommendations in the context of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries by contrasting the power sector design in place in this region with that in the European region. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Carbon Market, Clean technology, Alternative fuels |
| Date: | 2023–10–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:dpaper:ks--2023-dp24&r=env |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | United States trade in goods fell by 3.9% year-on-year in the first six months of 2023, ending a recovery that started in 2021. This was a result of goods exports declining by almost 1% and goods imports by 6.3%. In contrast, in 2022, United States services trade reached a record high, with US$ 697 billion in imports and US$ 929 billion in exports. United States-Latin America and the Caribbean Trade Developments provides an overview of selected developments in trade relations between the United States and Latin America and the Caribbean. In light of the global focus on the climate crisis and the specific emphasis of President Biden’s trade policy agenda on advancing a sustainable environment and climate path, this year’s report includes a section on United States trade in circular economy goods. |
| Date: | 2023–11–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col896:68681&r=env |
| By: | Joseph Ikechukwu Uduji (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Elda Nduka Okolo-Obasi (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Justitia Odinaka Nnabuko (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Geraldine Egondu Ugwuonah (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Josaphat Uchechukwu Onwumere (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | This paper critically examines the multinational oil companies' (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of the global memorandum of understanding (GMoU) on addressing inequalities and empowering women for sustainable ecosystem management in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The paper adopts a survey research technique, aimed at gathering information from a representative sample of the population, as it is essentially cross-sectional, describing and interpreting the current situation. A total of 768 women respondents were sampled across the rural areas of the Niger Delta region. Results from the use of logistic regression model indicate that despite women’s unique and important responsibilities in the use and management of natural resources, women are typically less involved in the formal governance processes, resulting in their interests, goals, knowledge and capabilities being both under-represented and under-utilized. It also shows that the MOCs’ CSR using GMoU model has recorded significant success in addressing gender inequalities and enhancing the capacity of the rural women in natural resources and ecosystem management. The finding suggests that if the MOCs’ CSR targeted at addressing gender issue is increased by one unit, the odd ratio is almost 13 times as high. This implies that addressing gender –related barriers and challenges and championing equitable natural resource governance leads to better livelihoods outcomes. It concludes that business has an obligation to help in solving problems of public concern. |
| Keywords: | Gender, natural resource management, corporate social responsibility, multinational oil companies, sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:23/069&r=env |
| By: | Joseph Ikechukwu Uduji (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Elda Nduka Okolo-Obasi (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Justitia Odinaka Nnabuko (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Geraldine Egondu Ugwuonah (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Josaphat Uchechukwu Onwumere (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | This paper critically examines the multinational oil companies' (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of the global memorandum of understanding (GMoU) on addressing inequalities and empowering women for sustainable ecosystem management in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The paper adopts a survey research technique, aimed at gathering information from a representative sample of the population, as it is essentially cross-sectional, describing and interpreting the current situation. A total of 768 women respondents were sampled across the rural areas of the Niger Delta region. Results from the use of logistic regression model indicate that despite women’s unique and important responsibilities in the use and management of natural resources, women are typically less involved in the formal governance processes, resulting in their interests, goals, knowledge and capabilities being both under-represented and under-utilized. It also shows that the MOCs’ CSR using GMoU model has recorded significant success in addressing gender inequalities and enhancing the capacity of the rural women in natural resources and ecosystem management. The finding suggests that if the MOCs’ CSR targeted at addressing gender issue is increased by one unit, the odd ratio is almost 13 times as high. This implies that addressing gender –related barriers and challenges and championing equitable natural resource governance leads to better livelihoods outcomes. It concludes that business has an obligation to help in solving problems of public concern. |
| Keywords: | Gender, natural resource management, corporate social responsibility, multinational oil companies, sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aak:wpaper:23/015&r=env |
| By: | Polina Lemenkova |
| Abstract: | This study documents the changes in the Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) in the region of saline lakes in north Tunisia, Sahara Desert. Remote sensing data are a valuable data source in monitoring LULC in lacustrine landscapes, because variations in the extent of lakes are visible from space and can be detected on the images. In this study, changes in LULC of the salt pans of Tunisia were evaluated using a series of 12 Landsat 8-9 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared (TIRS) images. The images were processed with the Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Geographic Information System (GIS) software. The study area included four salt lakes of north Tunisia in the two regions of the Gulf of Hammamet and Gulf of Gabès: (1) Sebkhet de Sidi el Hani (Sousse Governorate), (2) Sebkha de Moknine (Mahdia Governorate), (3) Sebkhet El Rharra and (4) Sebkhet en Noual (Sfax). A quantitative estimate of the areal extent analysed in this study is 182 km × 185 km for each Landsat scene in two study areas: Gulf of Hammamet and Gulf of Gabès. The images were analysed for the period 2017–2023 on months February, April and July for each year. Spatio-temporal changes in LULC and their climate–environmental driving forces were analysed. The results were interpreted and the highest changes were detected by accuracy assessment, computing the class separability matrices, evaluating the means and standard deviation for each band and plotting the reject probability maps. Multi-temporal changes in LULC classes are reported for each image. The results demonstrated that changes in salt lakes were determined for winter/spring/summer months as detected changes in water/land/salt/sand/vegetation areas. The accuracy of the classified images was evaluated using pixel rejection probability values, which were filtered out using the ‘r.mapcalc’ module of GRASS GIS. The confidence levels were computed and visualised with a series of maps along with the error matrix and measured convergence level of classified pixels. This paper contributes to the environmental monitoring of Tunisian landscapes and analysis of climate effects on LULC in landscapes of north Africa. |
| Keywords: | remote sensing; image processing; Africa; Sahara; image analysis; Landsat |
| Date: | 2023–10–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/364490&r=env |
| By: | Marc Barbier (LISIS - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Université Gustave Eiffel) |
| Abstract: | Un régime d'innovation de transition faces aux risques émergents. Penser après la pandémie de COVID-19 BARBIER, Marc marc.barbier@inrae.fr https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9868-7546 Directeur de Recherche INRAe, UMR LISIS Université Gustave Eiffel, Marne-La-Vallée Directeur de l'Institut Francilien Recherche Innovation en Société (IFRIS) Résumé détaillé de la communication 1. Objectifs De nombreux risques émergents et systémiques font leur apparition tant du fait de transformations des conditions climatiques que du fait de l'abandon du régime d'innovation et de développement dont nous héritons avec les dites « Trente glorieuses ». La pandémie de COVID-19 a été une incroyable expérimentation collective de santé humaine globale, dont il convient de tirer quelques enseignements pour appréhender les transitions attendues de l'agriculture. Imprégnée de travaux de recherche sur les transformations contemporaines des systèmes d'innovation en agriculture (Barbier, Elzen, 2012) et de l'actualité des recherches sur les transition de régimes sociotechnique (Kohler et al., 2019) et de leur déstabilisation (Turnheim et Geels, 2013), cette communication vise à établir les traits principaux d'une gouvernance de la déstabilisation du régime d'innovation en agriculture. Il s'agit ainsi de préciser ce que pourrait être la composition d'un régime d'innovation de transition qui suppose d'articuler l'avènement de pressions de changements radicales avec le regain d'innovations répondant à différents types de risques. 2. Matériels et méthodes. Déjà pointent des travaux sur la pandémie de COVID-19 pour en établir les traits majeurs du point de vue de ses causes et de ses effets. Quatre enjeux massifs nous semblent pouvoir être proposés, ils font écho à ceux qui existent en matière de gouvernance d'une déstabilisation des régimes d'innovation en agriculture: • l'impératif de penser les relations établies par la constitution même de systèmes alimentaires industriels entre les compartiments dit « sauvages » ou les espaces de nature peu anthropisés, la mobilité géographique des hommes et des marchandises, et la charge co-évolutive que représente l'industrialisation des élevages de tout type comme les effets de la monoculture. • la création sans précédents d'un système d'innovation COVID 19 vaccinale international dans une connexion étroite avec les communautés scientifiques en prise sur la recherche des coronavirus zoonotiques et avec la recherche thérapeutique qui aura généralisé l'emploi de techniques du génie génétique à large échelle ; l'effet est de mettre à l'agenda de tels usages pour une sélection variétale durable en matière d'adaptation au changement climatique et aux pressions biotiques comme pour une bioéconomie généralisée. • les effets majeurs sur les systèmes de santé avec l'établissement de prise en charge thérapeutique de guerre (le triage) dans le monde ordinaire de la santé hospitalière qui signent la grande fragilité des systèmes de soin pour faire face à des pandémopolitique; le parallèle est ici à faire avec la façon dont se raisonne à l'échelle mondial l'allocation de la pauvreté et de la justice alimentaire dans le nouveau régime climatique qui s'annonce. • l'impératif de penser l'action publique et l'urgence sanitaire mise en tension par la disponibilité de savoirs épidémiologique de la COVID-19, conduisant à quantifier des potentiels d'évolution pour gérer des populations et permettre une évaluation permanente de l'action publique; le parallèle est à faire ici avec l'extraordinaire tension que recèle la question des savoirs pour appréhender l'évaluation des politiques agricoles : la formation de diagnostics de durabilité, la formation de nouveaux modèles étalonnés sur de nouvelles combinaisons productive, l'irruption des données et de leur maîtrise algorithmique par les acteurs des filières agricoles. 3. Résultats Ces enjeux contiennent nombre de questions adressées aux acteurs de l'innovation en agriculture. La toute première est qu'il devient pour ainsi dire illusoire et contre-productif de penser l'innovation au service d'une agriculture nourricière sans prendre en compte des missions nouvelles d'adaptation au changement climatique, de reconcevoir des systèmes de production durable, et de réduire drastiquement l'usage des produits phytosanitaires. L'équation est complexe car il convient d'articuler les décisions des agriculteurs dans leur système de production avec la prise en compte des relations entre la temporalité de la campagne annuelle, de celle des rotations, et de celle de la re-conception des systèmes. Elle est complexe aussi parce que cette articulation ne peut se concevoir et se mettre en œuvre sans une approche systémique à l'échelle des territoires et des problèmes variés que ceux-ci ont à traiter : l'agriculture redevient ou doit redécouvrir une agriculture de groupe faite de coordinations et concertations sur les espaces ruraux, ce qui questionne le fonctionnement de l'appareil consulaire et rend plus visible des projets territoriaux co-pilotés avec des activités d'intermédiation privées ou associatives. Elle est complexe enfin parce que le régime sociotechnique de l'agriculture et sa gouvernance n'opèrent plus du tout suivant une approche balistique des gains de productivité articulant amélioration génétique, performance des itinéraires techniques et prévisibilité des marchés et des soutiens publics. 4. Conclusion Les « agrifood systems » ont été marqués par la succession de crises et d'événements perturbateurs nombreux bien avant la pandémie de COVID-19. La manière dont la production agricole, l'approvisionnement alimentaire, la protection de l'environnement (comprenant la gestion du carbone) sont combinés pour répondre à la transition vers des systèmes agroalimentaires plus durables sont particulièrement à l'ordre du jour des études sur la transition. Moins que d'arrêter un système socio-technique comme cela se pose pour le nucléaire, la déstabilisation en cours du régime d'innovation en agriculture passent par tout un ensemble de micro-changements à l'échelle des filières/territoires et par des instruments d'actions publiques ciblées pour soutenir des promesses sociotechniques de durabilité forte. Reste que cette déstabilisation se gouverne en conjuguant la fin et le retrait de certaines techniques et en soutenant l'exploration et la valorisation des initiatives (Joly, Barbier et Turnheim, 2022). 5. Mots clés Etudes de transition ; Régime d'innovation ; déstabilisation ; enjeux post COVID-19 6. Références Barbier, M., & Elzen, B. (2012). System innovations, knowledge regimes, and design practices towards transitions for sustainable agriculture. Paris, Editions INRA. Joly, P-B., Barbier, M., Turnheim, B., (2022). « Peut-on gouverner l'arrêt des grands systèmes socio-techniques? », in Frédéric Goulet et M. Dominque Vinck, Faire sans, faire avec moins - Les nouveaux horizons de l'innovation, Paris, Presse des Mines (à paraître). Köhler, J., Geels, F. W., Kern, F., Markard, J., Onsongo, E., Wieczorek, A., ... & Wells, P. (2019). An agenda for sustainability transitions research: State of the art and future directions. Environmental innovation and societal transitions, 31, 1-32. Turnheim, B., & Geels, F. W. (2013). The destabilisation of existing regimes: Confronting a multi-dimensional framework with a case study of the British coal industry (1913–1967). Research Policy, 42(10), 1749-1767. |
| Keywords: | Etudes de transition, Régime d’innovation, Déstabilisation, Enjeux post COVID-19 |
| Date: | 2021–11–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03367682&r=env |
| By: | Gerhardt, Michaela V.; Kanberger, Elke D.; Ziegler, Andreas |
| JEL: | R4 Q5 D12 C35 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc23:277675&r=env |
| By: | Grupp, Tristan Earle; Mishra, Prakash; Reynaert, Mathias; Van Benthem, Arthur |
| Abstract: | The European Union designates 26% of its landmass as a protected area, limiting economic development to favor biodiversity. This paper uses the staggered introduction of protected-area policies between 1985 and 2020 to study the selection of land for protection and the causal effect of protection on vegetation cover and nightlights. Our results reveal protection did not affect the outcomes in any meaningful way across four decades, all countries, protection cohorts, and a wide range of land and climate attributes. We conclude that European conservation efforts lack ambition because policymakers select land for protection not threatened by development. |
| Keywords: | land protection; conservation; biodiversity; deforestation; vegetation cover; night-lights; staggered difference-in-differences |
| JEL: | Q23 Q24 Q57 R14 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:128755&r=env |
| By: | Roman Römisch (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Larysa Tamilina |
| Abstract: | This study focuses on the social situation in carbon-intensive regions and the role of migration in defining its quality. The analysis examines whether carbon-intensive areas, especially those with large outward migration, are more vulnerable to adverse social trends than other regions. Our findings reveal a robust association between the processes of decarbonisation and migration, which collectively exert a significant impact on the social conditions within EU regions. This influence is assessed using various indicators, such as the Social Progress Index, employment rates, availability of hospital beds, access to preschool education, and the prevalence of severe material deprivation. We demonstrate that compared to noncarbon-intensive regions, carbon-intensive regions, compelled as they are to undergo structural changes to meet environmental requirements, have a diminished capacity to offer their residents satisfactory employment opportunities and a high quality of social life. Moreover, if carbon-intensive regions experience the challenge of negative net migration, their social development is highly likely to face a notable deterioration. On the other hand, in cases where inward migration predominates, regions at risk of decarbonisation tend to exhibit minor deterioration – and even outperform the noncarbon-intensive group experiencing outward migration. |
| Keywords: | decarbonisation, migration, social situation, EU-SPI, EU regions |
| JEL: | Q01 R23 I31 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:wpaper:235&r=env |
| By: | Joël Brémond (CRINI - Centre de recherche sur les identités, les nations et l'interculturalité - Nantes Univ - UFR FLCE - Nantes Université - UFR Faculté des Langues et Cultures Etrangères - Nantes Université - pôle Humanités - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université) |
| Abstract: | Spain, whose economic takeoff was long delayed by water shortages, has become the vegetable and fruit garden of Europe and the favorite destination of millions of tourists from northern countries, thanks to its generous sunshine. This article analyses the tools implemented to overcome this handicap which seemed insuperable: the construction of numerous dams, inter-river basin transfers, massive desalination of sea water, mainly. However, given the evolution of the climate, the pressure of economic actors and the demands of ecology, this model remains fragile. |
| Abstract: | L'Espagne, dont le décollage économique a longtemps été retardé par la pénurie d'eau, est devenue le jardin potager et fruitier de l'Europe et la destination préférée de millions de touristes des pays du Nord, grâce à un ensoleillement généreux. Cet article analyse les outils mis en oeuvre pour dépasser ce handicap qui paraissait insurmontable : construction de nombreux barrages, transvasements interbassins fluviaux, dessalement massif de l'eau de mer, principalement. Cependant, compte tenu de l'évolution du climat, de la pression des acteurs économiques et des exigences en matière d'écologie, ce modèle reste fragile. |
| Keywords: | water management in Spain, dams, Tajo-Segura transfer, sea water desalination, water war, gestion de l’eau en Espagne, barrages, transvasement Tajo-Segura, dessalement de l’eau de mer, guerre de l’eau |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04284443&r=env |
| By: | Sylvain B. Ngassam (University of Dschang, Cameroon); Simplice A. Asongu (Johannesburg, South Africa); Gildas T. Ngueleweu (University of Dschang, Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | Despite a growing literature on the natural resource curse, existing studies are sparse on how real effective exchange rate, political stability and corruption shape the relationship between natural resources and tourism revenues. This study analyses both the direct and indirect effects of natural resources on tourism revenues using a panel 95 countries around the world from 1996 to 2018. First, our results indicate that natural resource dependence negatively impacts tourism revenues. Second, above certain thresholds, natural resources curse the tourism sector through the corruption of exchange rate. These results motivate recommendations aimed at maintaining political stability, reducing cumbersome regulations of tourism activities that generate corruption and the adoption of appropriate exchange rate regime is recommended but this requires further studies. |
| Keywords: | Corruption, Dutch diseases, natural resource, political stability, tourism revenues |
| JEL: | Q34 P28 L84 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:23/067&r=env |
| By: | Mathilde Stoltz (Université de Franche-Comté, CRESE, F-25000 Besançon, France) |
| JEL: | O15 O13 Q53 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crb:wpaper:2023-07&r=env |
| By: | Krahé, Max; Heilmann, Felix |
| Abstract: | Energy made an outsized contribution to the recent inflationary wave in Europe: On average, 50 percent of year-on-year inflation in 2022 was directly due to energy, the vast majority of which was due to fossil fuel price rises. Additional inflationary effects followed from indirect impacts on other prices, especially food. Renewable energy can help fight inflation both in the short and in the long run. In the short run, faster renewable energy deployment saved European consumers around 95 billion euro between 2021 and 2023 and reduced electricity prices by up to 15 percent (IEA 2023c). In the long run, the secular downwards trend in renewable energy costs suggests further cost saving potential and, once the transition is complete, price stability. The situation is more complicated in the mid-transition. Three challenges appear salient: As long as electricity prices remain linked to fossil fuel prices, especially gas, any increase in fossil fuel price volatility spills over into the pricing of electricity. Supply chain risks may materialize as renewable energy deployment accelerates. And if investment in grids, energy storage, and supply- and demand-side flexibility fails to keep up with accelerating renewable deployment, further bottlenecks and price spikes may emerge. However, these risks are not set in stone. The extent to which they will materialize will depend on today's policy choices. While further research and policy action is needed on the mid-transition, the overall picture that emerges from our analysis is therefore clear: fossil fuels added to the economic and political instability of recent years. Replacing them with renewables can become a pillar of future stability. |
| Keywords: | Inflation, FossilFuels, RenewableEnergy, Europe |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:dzimps:279870&r=env |
| By: | Beckman, Jayson; Ivanic, Maros; Nava, Noé J. |
| Abstract: | The United States is one of the largest producers and exporters of corn and soybeans globally partly because of yields that are among the highest in the world. However, a changing climate could affect these yields, which could ultimately affect production and the availability of products for export. In this report, the authors estimate that U.S. corn yields could increase 3.1 percent and soybean yields could decrease 3.0 percent in 2036 relative to 2016, based on climate projections. These results are driven primarily by the increased frequency of periods of extreme heat and declines in precipitation in counties east of the 100th meridian part of the United States. These estimates are then used in a simulation model to explore the market implications from these yield projections, and those results indicate that these yield changes could affect U.S. production and ultimately trade. The estimated growth in U.S. corn yields increases corn production that could ultimately affect the amount of corn the United States has available to export. Holding yields in other countries fixed, the model indicates that U.S. corn exports increase 0.36 percent (the equivalent of $63 million). The decline in soybean yields decreases production, leading to a 1.17-percent drop in U.S. exports (the equivalent of $319 million) based on 2016 exports. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade, Productivity Analysis, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersrr:338944&r=env |
| By: | Zhiyang Shen (LEM - Lille économie management - UMR 9221 - UA - Université d'Artois - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Kristiaan Kerstens (LEM - Lille économie management - UMR 9221 - UA - Université d'Artois - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Tomas Baležentis (Vilnius University [Vilnius]) |
| Abstract: | The measurement of economic growth is important for identifying the development patterns followed by different economies. In the light of sustainable development goals, one needs to be able to track the green growth, i.e., they must the adjusted in regard to generation of undesirable outputs that are usually non-marketed. This contribution puts forward an empirical case of the economically developed countries grouped in OECD and measures their total factor productivity (TFP) growth. This is done by exploiting a novel formulation of the Luenberger–Hicks–Moorsteen (LHM) TFP indicator based on the Kuosmanen (Am J Agric Econ 87(4):1077–1082, 2005) proposal. We argue that undesirable outputs must be regarded as special outputs but not inputs in both the production technology and TFP measure. We compare two models: one that considers undesirable outputs as special outputs in the directional distance functions of TFP indicator following Kuosmanen (Am J Agric Econ 87(4):1077–1082, 2005), and another that considers undesirable outputs as inputs following Abad (J Environ Manage 161:325–334, 2015). This proposed approach assumes that input- and output-orientations are taken, with the latter handling both desirable and undesirable outputs simultaneously. Still, we compare our results with those based on the other more conventional frameworks. The empirical case deals with OECD country-level data for 1991–2019. The results suggest that there exist substantial differences in the resulting measures of the TFP growth depending on the distance functions used in the calculation of the LHM indicator. |
| Date: | 2023–07–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04273656&r=env |
| By: | Gadea Rivas, María Dolores; Gonzalo, Jesús; Ramos, Andrey |
| Abstract: | Determining whether Global Average Temperature (GAT) is an integrated process of order 1, I(1), or is a stationary process around a trend function is crucial for detection, attribution, impact and forecasting studies of climate change. In this paper, we investigate the nature of trends in GAT building on the analysis of individual temperature grids. Our 'micro-founded' evidence suggests that GAT is stationary around a non-linear deterministic trend in the form of a linear function with a one-period structural break. This break can beattributed to a combination of individual grid breaks and the standard aggregation method under acceleration in global warming. We illustrate our findings using simulations. |
| Keywords: | Trends; Unit Roots; Structural Breaks; Temperature; Aggregation |
| JEL: | C32 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–12–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:werepe:39045&r=env |
| By: | Paul Maximilian R\"ohrig; Nils K\"orber; Julius Zocher; Andreas Ulbig |
| Abstract: | An essential facet of achieving climate neutrality by 2045 is the decarbonization of municipal energy systems. To accomplish this, it is necessary to establish implementation concepts that detail the timing, location, and specific measures required to achieve decarbonization. This restructuring process involves identifying the measures that offer the most compelling techno-economic and ecological advantages. In particular, measures that contribute to the interconnection of energy vectors and domains, e.g. heating, cooling, and electricity supply, in the sense of decentralized multi-energy systems are a promising future development option. Due to the high complexity resulting from a multitude of decision options as well as a temporal coupling across the transformation path, the use of optimization methods is required, which enable a bottom-up identification of suitable transformation solutions in a high spatial resolution. For the design of reasonable concepts, we develop a multistage optimization problem for the derivation of transformation pathways in the context of a multi-location structure, expansion, and operation problem. The results show that the heat supply in the future will mainly be provided by heat pumps with a share of 60%. It can also be shown that an early dismantling of the gas network will lead to the need for transitional technologies such as pellet heating. Overall, the conversion of the municipal energy system can significantly reduce emissions (97%). |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2311.11576&r=env |
| By: | Taneja, Garima (International Water Management Institute (IWMI)); Katyaini, S.; Bhattacharjee, Suchiradipta (International Water Management Institute (IWMI)); Chaturvedi, K.; Mitra, Archisman (International Water Management Institute (IWMI)); Verma, Shilp (International Water Management Institute (IWMI)); Bassi, N. |
| Keywords: | Food systems; Land resources; Water systems; Policy coherence; Stakeholders; State intervention; Government; Development programmes; Livelihoods; Sustainability |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:conprc:h052104&r=env |
| By: | Camille Eslan (FFE - Fédération Française d'Equitation, UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, IFCE - Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]); Servane Le Clinche (UCO - Université Catholique de l'Ouest) |
| Keywords: | equestrian activities, Horse well-being, Horse welfare, self-organization, Riding schools, Horse-human relationship |
| Date: | 2023–02–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04273911&r=env |
| By: | Jesper Akesson; Robert W. Hahn; Rajat Kochhar; Robert D. Metcalfe |
| Abstract: | Water suppliers are showing greater interest in using different mechanisms to promote conservation. One such mechanism is conducting home water audits, which involves assessing water use and providing tailored suggestions for conserving water for residential customers. Yet, very little is known about the economic impacts of these water audits. This paper helps fill this gap by implementing a natural field experiment in the United Kingdom. The experiment involves randomly allocating 45, 000 water customers to a control group or to treatment groups that receive different behavioral encouragements to take-up an online water audit. Our analysis yields three main findings. First, encouraging subjects to participate in an audit with financial incentives reduces household consumption by about 17 percent over two months. Furthermore, we find that the size of the financial incentive used to encourage conservation matters for take-up, but not conservation. Second, notwithstanding these improvements in water conservation, the per capita net benefits of the intervention are close to zero under a wide range of assumptions. We also implement a marginal value of public funds approach that considers benefits and costs and we reach a similar conclusion. Third, we find that targeting of high users could double the effectiveness of the financial incentive interventions. |
| JEL: | H0 Q25 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31831&r=env |
| By: | Mark A. Andor; Lorenz Goette; Michael K. Price; Anna Schulze Tilling; Lukas Tomberg |
| Abstract: | We compare the behavior and welfare effects of two popular interventions for resource conservation. The first intervention is social comparison reports (SC), which primarily provide consumers with information motivating behavioral change. The second intervention is real-time feedback (RTF), which primarily provides consumers with information facilitating behavioral change. In a field experiment with around 1, 000 participants, we directly observe the interventions’ effects on participants’ behavior. Further, we elicit participants’ willingness to pay for receiving the interventions, both before and after having experienced them for one month. We find that SC leads to a reduction in water use per shower by 9.4%, RTF by 28.8%, and the combination (BOTH) by 35.0%. Our willingness to pay results show that all interventions are highly valued by participants and that willingness to pay for RTF and BOTH is significantly higher than for SC. Furthermore, we find that the valuation of the interventions do not change following one-month experience. Our results suggest that while both interventions improve welfare, providing consumers with information facilitating behavioral change achieves a higher impact and a slightly higher welfare increase than providing consumers with information motivating behavioral change. |
| JEL: | C93 D12 Q25 Q55 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31845&r=env |
| By: | Mathilde Salin |
| Keywords: | Environment; Land Use; Transition Risks; Urban Sprawl |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_313&r=env |
| By: | Polina Lemenkova |
| Abstract: | Lake Chad, situated in the semi-arid region of African Sahel, plays a vital role in hydrogeological balance of regional ecosystems. It presents an essential water source and provides a habitat for rare wildlife species including migrating waterbirds. However, the lake has shrunk significantly since the 1960s and has continued to reduce in size and extent during recent decades. Trends in drying and shrinking of Lake Chad are caused by environmental factors and changed climate. The desiccation of the lake is threatening environmental sustainability. This study focused on identification of changes in the Chad Lake area, wetland extent, and associated land cover types. The methods include the Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) Geographic Information System (GIS) for remote sensing data classification. The maximum likelihood discriminant analysis classifier was applied for analysis of multispectral Landsat 8–9 OLI/TIRS images in 2013, 2017, and 2022. Detected changes in land cover types reflect variations in water balance and wetland area and extent around Lake Chad over recent decades. Cartographic scripting tools of GRASS GIS provide an efficient method of digital image processing for monitoring endorheic lakes of Central Africa. GRASS GIS methods provide an opportunity to automatically classify Earth observation data with cartographic scripts for environmental monitoring. |
| Abstract: | Der Tschadsee liegt in der halbtrockenen Region der afrikanischen Sahelzone und spielt eine entscheidende Rolle für das hydrogeolo- gische Gleichgewicht regionaler Ökosysteme. Es stellt eine wichtige Wasserquelle dar und bietet Lebensraum für seltene Wildtierarten, darunter auch wandernde Wasservögel. Allerdings ist der See seit den 1960er-Jahren erheblich geschrumpft und hat in den letzten Jahr- zehnten immer weiter an Größe und Ausdehnung abgenommen. Tendenzen zur Austrocknung und Schrumpfung des Tschadsees werden durch Umweltfaktoren und verändertes Klima verursacht. Die Austrocknung des Sees gefährdet die ökologische Nachhaltigkeit. Diese Studie konzentrierte sich auf die Identifizierung von Veränderungen im Gebiet des Tschadsees, der Feuchtgebietsausdehnung und den damit verbundenen Landbedeckungstypen. Zu den Methoden gehört das GRASS GIS zur Klassifizierung von Fernerkundungsdaten. Der Maximum-Likelihood-Diskriminanzanalyse-Klassifikator wurde für die Analyse multispektraler Landsat 8-9 OLI/TIRS-Bilder in den Jahren 2013, 2017 und 2022 angewendet. Die festgestellten Veränderungen in den Landbedeckungstypen spiegeln Schwankungen im Wasserhaushalt, in der Feuchtgebietsfläche und in der Ausdehnung rund um den Tschadsee in den letzten Jahrzehnten wider. Kartogra- fische Skriptwerkzeuge des GRASS GIS bieten eine effiziente Methode der digitalen Bildverarbeitung zur Überwachung endorheischer Seen in Zentralafrika. Die GRASS GIS-Methoden bieten die Möglichkeit, die Erdbeobachtungsdaten automatisch nutzend kartografi- schen Skripten für die Umweltüberwachung zu klassifizieren. |
| Keywords: | Sahel; cartography; remote sensing; geoinformation; scripting language; image processing; GRASS GIS; GIS; mapping |
| Date: | 2023–11–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/365198&r=env |
| By: | Swaroop Rao (Grenoble Ecole de Management / IREGE-Université Savoie Mont Blanc); David Grover (Grenoble Ecole de Management); Dorothée Charlier (IREGE-Université Savoie Mont Blanc) |
| Abstract: | Adaptation of energy systems worldwide to move away from fossil fuels is widely accepted to be a key step in responding to the challenge of climate change. For developing countries and their development banks, this challenge is compounded by the need to ensure economic development, particularly to lift parts of the population out of poverty. In this article, we analyse the economic impacts of electricity generation projects of the Brazilian national development bank. We use a two-way fixed-effects (TWFE) estimator on a 15-year municipality-level panel with time-varying (or “staggered”) treatment that accounts for recent findings in the panel data analysis literature. Our study finds that clean electricity generation has weaker economic effects compared to fossil electricity generation and compared to other projects of the development bank. This differentiated impact is particularly notable when it comes to the impact of investment on employment creation and wage levels. This is the first study that uses microdata to analyse the different economic impacts of clean electricity generation and fossil electricity generation at the local level. We posit that differences in labour intensities of clean electricity generation jobs and the jobs created by fossil electricity generation as well as other types of development bank investment account for these different impacts of project investments. We recommend that the cost of externalities of these projects be internalised in order for development banks and policymakers to get a fuller picture of the benefits brought about by them. Smaller economic impacts of certain development bank investments might also have negative implications for poverty reduction efforts in the country. |
| Keywords: | energy, Brazil, employment creation, microdata, staggered panel-data analysis |
| JEL: | C18 O22 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fae:wpaper:2022.01&r=env |
| By: | Guerrero-Escobar Santiago; Hernández-del-Valle Gerardo; Hernández Vega Marco; De-la-Mora Paula |
| Abstract: | Many companies are setting ambitious targets to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) per the Paris Agreement. However, there is limited evidence on the market effects of setting those targets. Using a GARCH model with a trend developed by the authors and a panel fixed effects model, this paper analyzes the short-run effects of committing and setting GHG targets on public companies' stock price returns and volatility. We find no evidence that committing or setting a target yields higher returns but contributes to a reduction in price volatility, albeit the impact is short-lived. In view of these results, we conclude that there are no visible stock market gains in the short term for companies that commit and set GHG targets and that other factors may explain their motivations to engage in GHG mitigation actions. |
| Keywords: | Stock returns;Volatility;GHG emissions;ESG;GARCH |
| JEL: | C1 E1 I0 O4 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdm:wpaper:2023-15&r=env |
| By: | Guillaume Martin (Humanis - Hommes et management en société / Humans and management in society - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg) |
| Abstract: | In Cambodia, only 16% of the population in rural areas has access to safely managed and clean water supply services, putting the health of 10.12 million people at stake. (Cambodia's Voluntary National Review 2019 of the Implementation of the 2030 SDG Agenda). 1001fontaines, a community-based enterprise located mainly in Cambodia, responds to this issue by enabling the production of safe drinking water directly in the targeted communities, through the establishment of small water enterprises. These units, called water kiosks, are entrusted to local entrepreneurs and supported in the long run thanks to a franchise model. In 2014, 1001fontaines su ered from low-performing water kiosks, which impacted the viability of the whole portfolio. As a result, 1001fontaines decided to launch the so-called "4G" capacity building project to upgrade the initial and continuing training of water entrepreneurs, expand distribution channels, and further leverage the local "O-We" brand to reach more bene ciaries. The "4G project" was implemented from 2014 to 2015, and resulted in the identi cation of best practices to be followed by every water entrepreneur. Since 2016, 1001fontaines has generalised the use of these best practices to build the capacities of new entrepreneurs. This case study aims to investigate the impact of the "4G project" and its conclusion on the water kiosks' performance and on 1001fontaines' ability to better and faster scale up its approach in Cambodia. |
| Keywords: | Capacity building local entrepreneurs scale-up social marketing sustainability, Capacity building, local entrepreneurs, scale-up, social marketing, sustainability |
| Date: | 2021–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04225146&r=env |
| By: | Tauro, Raúl J.; Caballero, José Luis; Salinas, Miguel Ángel; Ghilardi, Adrián; Arroyo, José Manuel |
| Abstract: | En este documento se presentan las estimaciones del potencial técnico de la energía que se puede obtener en El Salvador a través de ciertos tipos de biomasa. Los potenciales se estimaron utilizando la plataforma geoespacial para la evaluación del potencial energético de los recursos biomásicos de los países del Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA), una iniciativa de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) llevada a cabo en colaboración con el Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental (CIGA) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Los potenciales obtenidos mediante información geoespacial para algunos tipos de bioenergía constituyen una referencia para la toma de decisiones informada sobre el uso de ciertos recursos biomásicos como fuente de energía en El Salvador, con el fin de aumentar la participación de los recursos renovables en la matriz energética del país, en línea con la meta 2 del ODS 7 de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas. |
| Date: | 2023–10–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col094:68598&r=env |
| By: | Geraldo Costa Junior (Universidade Federal Fluminense); Andrea Calef (School of Economics, University of East Anglia) |
| Abstract: | Weather variation plays a primary role in commodity price formation. In most contexts, the amount of rainfall is usually taken by farmers as an indicator of crop success or failure. However, the literature is still vague in defining when in the pre-harvest period weather information is more critical for price formation. In this sense, we investigate the impact of dryness on commodity price formation during the pre-harvest period and across phenological stages in the context of a major corn producing country. We build a database containing variables such as price and the number of days with no precipitation between January 2005 and December 2019. We use a panel data regression of corn spot prices on the number of days without rain, and its squares. We find a significant and nonlinear relationship between the number of dry days in a week and local corn price variations. Overall, prices start rising after 4 days with no precipitation. Disentangling this impact into phenological stages, we find that dryness events tend to impact prices during the vegetative and flowering stages but have no effect during the grain filling stage. We also find that abnormal precipitation events tend to increase corn prices, as they contribute to depressing farmers expectations on future corn availability by harvest time. However, this result is led by water scarcity events, while, on the contrary, water overabundance events negatively affect prices. |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uea:ueaeco:2023-04&r=env |
| By: | Atanasov, Atanas |
| Abstract: | The aim of this report is to carry out a critical analysis of the applicable regulations and standards for sustainability reporting of the enterprises and, on this basis, to formulate appropriate conclusions and recommendations regarding their future development in the context of the need for harmonization in this area. The analysis of the existing situation shows that, regardless of the achieved correspondences between the main sustainability reporting standards, there is still a lack of a unified opinion of the standardization bodies on key issues related to the scope of the reported information, the final number of sustainability indicators in the individual areas (KPI), as well and the existence of serious inconsistencies in the application of the concept of materiality, etc. All this gives grounds for formulating the conclusion that the process of harmonizing sustainability reporting will continue for a long time, and the struggle for supremacy between the main players in the field of sustainability reporting will continue, but it should not be at the expense of companies that have to report their sustainability and at the expense of the quality of the reported information. |
| Keywords: | sustainability reporting, harmonization, legislation, sustainability KPI |
| JEL: | M41 M48 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119154&r=env |
| By: | Haiyan Deng; Ge Bai; Kristiaan Kerstens (LEM - Lille économie management - UMR 9221 - UA - Université d'Artois - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Zhiyang Shen (LEM - Lille économie management - UMR 9221 - UA - Université d'Artois - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Total factor productivity is used to explore the input–output efficiency of the economy and the driving factors behind economic growth. Although scholars have researched the total factor productivity approach, comparisons among different models in empirical research are rare and few scholars have focused on worldwide total factor productivity gains. Using convex and nonconvex technologies, this contribution investigates green productivity gains of 129 worldwide countries during 2000–2019 based on three popular productivity measures, namely, Luenberger–Hicks–Moorsteen indicator, Luenberger productivity indicator, and Malmquist–Luenberger index, respectively. Inspired by a metafrontier approach, we compare their productivity evolutions with the energy structure among 121 economies. A negative relationship is expected between the change in the proportion of fossil fuel energy consumption and green productivity. Our results show that the Luenberger–Hicks–Moorsteen productivity indicator under nonconvex technologies is a more convincing productivity measure when considering undesirable outputs in production technology. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04273632&r=env |
| By: | Almendra Awerkin; Paolo Falbo; Tiziano Vargiolu |
| Abstract: | The focus on Renewable Energy Communities (REC) is fastly growing after the European Union (EU) has introduced a dedicated regulation in 2018. The idea of creating local groups of citizens, small- and medium-sized companies, and public institutions, which self-produce and self-consume energy from renewable sources is at the same time a way to save money for the participants, increase efficiency of the energy system, and reduce CO$_2$ emissions. Member states inside the EU are fixing more detailed regulations, which describe, how public incentives are measured. A natural objective for the incentive policies is of course to promote the self-consumption of a REC. A sophisticated incentive policy is that based on the so called 'virtual framework'. Under this framework all the energy produced by a REC is sold to the market, and all the energy consumed must be paid to retailers: self-consumption occurs only 'virtually', thanks a money compensation (paid by a central authority) for every MWh produced and consumed by the REC in the same hour. In this context, two problems have to be solved: the optimal investment in new technologies and a fair division of the incentive among the community members. We address these problems by considering a particular type of REC, composed by a representative household and a biogas producer, where the potential demand of the community is given by the household's demand, while both members produce renewable energy. We set the problem as a leader-follower problem: the leader decide how to share the incentive for the self-consumed energy, while the followers decide their own optimal installation strategy. We solve the leader's problem by searching for a Nash bargaining solution for the incentive's fair division, while the follower problem is solved by finding the Nash equilibria of a static competitive game between the members. |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2311.12055&r=env |
| By: | Julian di Giovanni; Claire Kramer; Ambika Nair |
| Abstract: | Hurricane Ida, which struck New York in early September 2021, exposed the region’s vulnerability to extreme rainfall and inland flooding. The storm created massive damage to the housing stock, particularly low-lying units. This post measures the storm’s impact on basement housing stock and, following the focus on more-at-risk populations from the two previous entries in this series, analyzes the attendant impact on low-income and immigrant populations. We find that basements in select census tracts are at high risk of flooding, affecting an estimated 10 percent of low-income and immigrant New Yorkers. |
| Keywords: | FEMA; floods; flood risk; Hurricane Ida; low-and moderate-income (LMI); LMI; New York |
| JEL: | Q54 R10 |
| Date: | 2023–11–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednls:97327&r=env |
| By: | Mohammad Hosein HoushmandRad (Department of Civil Engineering, Estahban Branch, Islamic Azad University, Estahban, Iran); Mohammadreza Fetanatfardhaghighi (Department of Civil Engineering, Estahban Branch, Islamic Azad University, Estahban, Iran) |
| Abstract: | Since in order for developing countries to enter the chain of powerful countries in the world, we need to achieve development, and one of the main indicators of development and achieving sustainable development in today's world is that countries have developed organizations in both the private and public sectors. Managers of organizations today more than ever should be looking for sustainable development foundations, hence the role of active organizations in sustainable development has been more and more noticed by experts and practitioners of human societies. From the point of view of these people, the lack of attention and adherence of organizations and subordinate managers to their duty and social responsibility is one of the issues and problems that can hinder the achievement of sustainable development. One of the most important results of following the principles of social responsibility is sustainable development and welfare of society. Therefore, organizations, both public and private, should be pioneers in adhering to social responsibility beyond their defined legal responsibilities and take an important step towards achieving sustainable development. In this regard, the present book under the title of advanced strategic management can act as a beacon for managers of organizations and students in the fields of industrial engineering, civil engineering, business management and public administration. The preceding book consists of eleven chapters. From the first to the ninth chapter, it introduces and explains the different parts of strategic management in the three areas of planning, execution and control for implementation in the organization, and in the continuation of the descriptive basics of the tenth chapter of this book, it introduces risk, risk management, and relevant models in the field of risk management. And finally the theoretical foundations of value engineering and other management methods in the field of quality improvement are presented in the eleventh chapter. |
| Keywords: | Strategic Management, Strategic Planning, Risk Management, Earned value, Quality Management |
| Date: | 2023–09–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04254927&r=env |
| By: | PERMANA, AGUNG EURO EKA |
| Abstract: | Management Managing Diversity |
| Date: | 2023–11–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:wxpgf&r=env |
| By: | Bodach, Susanne; Athukorala, Aruni Narmada; Wickramaarachchi, Hasintha |
| Keywords: | Food surplus; Food waste; Waste reduction; Circular economy; Food security; Partnerships; Food insecurity; Policies; Food safety; Guidelines; Regulations; Transport; Stakeholders; Developing countries |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:conppr:h052325&r=env |
| By: | William Koon; Robert W Brander; Gregory Dusek; Bruno Castelle (EPOC - Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques - OASU - Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers - UB - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UB - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Jasmin C Lawes |
| Abstract: | Beaches are popular, recreational destinations, but can be hazardous environments where drowning fatalities and other types of injuries can occur. Ocean lifeguards and beach safety managers make operational safety decisions based on ocean conditions, including various elements of the tide. This study addresses assumptions about the tide that are common in beach safety management; assessing the scientific basis that informs these decisions by evaluating the relationship between elements of the tide and fatal drowning on microtidal surf beaches in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Lower tidal water levels and time periods closer to low tide were associated with increased likelihood of fatal drowning at surf beaches, while tidal phase (rising vs falling), tide range, and the rate of change of falling or rising water levels were not. These results have implications for ocean safety management and those responsible for educating the public about beach safety issues. Broad statements or anecdotal opinions that are not location or beach-specific should avoid describing times with falling water levels (an outgoing tide) as being inherently more dangerous. |
| Keywords: | Ocean tides Beach safety Lifeguard management Rip currents |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04266306&r=env |
| By: | Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas |
| Abstract: | In this study, nexuses between governance and natural resource rents are assessed in 44 sub-Saharan African countries using data for the period 1996-2016. The empirical evidence is based on Tobit regressions. The findings show that political governance (entailing “voice & accountability” and political stability) and institutional governance (consisting of the rule of law and corruption control) have a negative effect on resource rents. However, if the conception and definition of attendant governance variables are understood within the framework that such variables are negatively skewed, it becomes apparent that bad governance reduces resource rents. This conclusion clarifies the paradox because negatively skewed governance variables are understood to be representing poor governance. By extension, the negative effect of the rule of law or corruption control on natural resource rents should be the negative effect of the absence of the rule of law or lack of corruption control on natural resource rents. The paradox is further clarified in the light of specific components of the governance dynamics. While the clarification of the paradox is relative, especially if the sample is compared with countries for which governance indicators are largely skewed in the positive direction, from an absolute perspective (i.e. exclusively from the sampled countries), the indicators of the World Bank are standardized such that negative skewness does not affect the estimated results. Another worthwhile argument with which to explain the paradox is that governance has more impact on the nonresource component of GDP. |
| Keywords: | Natural Resources; Economic Growth; Governance; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| JEL: | H10 O11 O55 Q20 Q30 |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119066&r=env |
| By: | Gabriel M. Ahlfeldt; Nathaniel Baum-Snow; Remi Jedwab |
| Abstract: | Tall buildings are central to facilitating sustainable urbanization and growth in cities worldwide. We estimate average elasticities of city population and built area to aggregate city building heights of 0.12 and -0.17, respectively, indicating that the largest global cities in developing economies would be at least one-third smaller on average without their tall buildings. Land saved from urban development by post-1975 tall building construction is over 80% covered in vegetation. To isolate the effects of technology-induced reductions in the cost of height from correlated demand shocks, we use interactions between static demand factors and the geography of bedrock as instruments for observed 1975-2015 tall building construction in 12, 877 cities worldwide, a triple difference identification strategy. Quantification using a canonical urban model suggests that the technology to build tall generates a potential global welfare gain of 4.8%, of which only about one-quarter has been realized. Estimated welfare gains from relaxing existing height constraints are 5.9%in the developed world and 3.1% in developing economies. |
| Keywords: | urban density, international buildings heights, skyscrapers, tall buildings, sustainable urbanization, city growth, commercial real estate, housing supply, urban sprawl, land savings, housing affordability, geographical constraints, environment |
| Date: | 2023–11–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1959&r=env |
| By: | Ricardo Calabrese; Marcelo Romero |
| Abstract: | Aspern Die Seestadt Wien é um dos maiores projetos de desenvolvimento urbano da Europa, localizado em Viena, Áustria. O projeto é um exemplo de como uma cidade pode se tornar mais inteligente e sustentável ao mesmo tempo, proporcionando melhor qualidade de vida para seus habitantes. Este artigo apresenta uma visão geral do projeto, destacando suas principais características e estratégias para o desenvolvimento urbano inteligente e sustentável. Com o objetivo de criar uma nova cidade em Viena, o projeto de Aspern foi concebido para acomodar aproximadamente 20.000 pessoas e gerar cerca de 20.000 empregos. Sua proposta visa estabelecer um modelo de cidade sustentável, adotando uma abordagem de uso misto e cidade de 15 minutos, além de incorporar tecnologias inovadoras para otimizar o uso de recursos e reduzir a pegada de carbono. Além disso, o projeto foi desenvolvido com ênfase na inclusão social e no estímulo ao desenvolvimento econômico. A Seestadt, como é conhecida, tem sido reconhecida internacionalmente por sua abordagem inovadora para o desenvolvimento urbano inteligente e sustentável. O projeto incorpora uma série de tecnologias inteligentes para a gestão de energia, água e resíduos, além de transportes e mobilidade sustentável, áreas verdes e espaços públicos. A cidade também foi projetada para ser altamente conectada e integrada, com uma ampla gama de serviços e facilidades disponíveis para seus moradores. Este artigo fornece uma análise crítica do projeto, destacando suas principais caracteríticas e desafios enfrentados. Ele também discute o papel das políticas públicas e da governança na promoção de cidades inteligentes e sustentáveis, bem como a importância da participação da comunidade no processo de desenvolvimento urbano. Com seu foco na inovação e sustentabilidade, Aspern-Die-Seestadt-Wiens serve como um exemplo inspirador para cidades em todo o mundo que buscam um futuro mais inteligente e sustentável. |
| Keywords: | Aspern-Die-Seestadt-Wiens; cidades inteligentes; desenvolvimento urbano; design and planning; projeto e planejamento; Smart Cities; sustainability; Sustentabilidade; Urban Development |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lre:wpaper:lares-2023-4dpv&r=env |
| By: | Zakariae Laassili (UAE - Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, FSJES Tanger); Zouhair Ejbari (UAE - Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, FSJES Tanger) |
| Abstract: | Equity, quality and the promotion of education for all are the main axes of the Equity, quality and the promotion of education for all are the main axes of the strategic vision 2015-2030 of the Higher Council of Education, Training and Scientific Research, where they now also occupy a special place both in the new development model and in the draft framework law 51-17, which provides for the reform of the education, training and scientific research system. This quest for quality for all has led several universities in Morocco to implement sustainable quality approaches in order to achieve the objective of accelerating the modernization process and better meeting the expectations of both learners and all the actors concerned. Based on this article, we will try to find answers to a question that seems fundamental and topical to us, namely, to what extent would Quality and CSR approaches be able to accelerate the transformation of the higher education and scientific research ecosystem towards a new model for the Moroccan university. |
| Abstract: | L'équité, la qualité et la promotion de l'éducation pour tous sont des principaux axes de la vision stratégique 2015-2030 du conseil supérieur de l'enseignement, de la formation et de la recherche scientifique, où elles occupent désormais également une place particulière tant dans le nouveau modèle de développement que dans le projet de loi-cadre 51-17 qui prévoit la réforme du système d'éducation, de formation et de recherche scientifique. Cette quête de la qualité pour tous a engagé plusieurs établissements universitaires au Maroc dans la mise en place des démarches de qualité durable afin d'atteindre cet objectif d'accélérer le processus de modernisation et de mieux répondre aux attentes à la fois des apprenants et tous les acteurs concernés. Partant de cet article, nous essayerons de trouver des éléments de réponse à une question qui nous paraît fondamentale et d'actualité, à savoir, dans quelle mesure les démarches de Qualité et RSE seraient-elles aptes à accélérer la transformation de l'écosystème de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche scientifique vers un nouveau modèle de l'université marocaine. |
| Keywords: | Quality approach, CSR, University ecosystem, Reforms |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04269594&r=env |
| By: | Fernanda de Cerjat Hushi; Marcelo Roberto Ve Bezerra |
| Abstract: | O rápido processo de urbanização das cidades ao redor do mundo está causando diversas consequências em suas estruturas. As urbes não foram planejadas para suportar esse grande número de habitantes, logo causando dificuldades socioeconômicas para sua população, além de problemas de infraestrutura urbana. Essa grande concentração de mentes criativas vivendo nas áreas urbanas levou também a um novo fenômeno, a Revolução digital, que é caracterizada pelo avanço tecnológico, o qual possibilita a quase instantânea conexão entre as pessoas e os dispositivos. Desse modo, nasce a temática cidades inteligentes que busca solucionar os problemas das urbes atuais com o auxílio das ferramentas tecnológicas, que surgiram com a revolução digital. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico sobre a inteligência do município de Curitiba, além de propor diretrizes gerais e projetos na área de mobilidade urbana para que a cidade se desenvolva e se torne mais smart. A metodologia utilizada neste artigo foi dividida em três partes distintas. Na primeira parte, busca-se contextualizar o conceito de cidade inteligente, com ênfase no município de Curitiba. A segunda parte, aborda a problematização da pesquisa. Para isso, foram conduzidas entrevistas com a população curitibana, a fim de identificar desafios, necessidades e percepções relacionadas à cidade inteligente. A terceira parte, tem como objetivo mitigar e solucionar a problemática identificada anteriormente. Nessa etapa, são propostas diretrizes e projetos específicos que visam enfrentar os desafios identificados, aproveitando os recursos disponíveis e as tecnologias adequadas. O trabalho mostrou, como resultado, que a urbe de Curitiba está caminhando para se tornar uma smart city no futuro, graças a suas diversas inciativas que visam um desenvolvimento sustentável e uma ótima qualidade de vida para a população. Atualmente, o município ainda tem alguns pontos a melhorar, os quais devem ser repensados com novos projetos e estratégias conectadas às existentes. |
| Keywords: | Cidade Inteligente, Curitiba, qualidade de vida, desenvolvimento sustentável, mobilidade urbana; t City, Curitiba, quality of life, sustainable development, urban mobility |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lre:wpaper:lares-2023-4dpc&r=env |
| By: | Stadelmann, David; Thomas, Tobias; Zakharov, Nikita |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of outdoor temperature on media bias. We use 12 years of daily hand-coded data on the tonality of news broadcast by the three major US news networks, ABC News, CBS News, and NBC News, all headquartered in New York City, and merge it with granular, geospatial weather data. Our identification strategy exploits detailed variations in local daily high temperatures to estimate the effect of heat on media bias in news reporting about the Republican and Democratic parties, controlling for time and network-month fixed effects. We find a positive effect of a substantial magnitude: a 1êC increment in daily maximum temperature on a hot day (>25êC) leads to a 20% increase in the media bias measured as the difference in the share of negative news about the Republicans and the Democrats. This effect exists only for maximum temperatures, as opposed to minimum or average temperatures. The results are robust to placebo tests using past or future temperatures. Our findings extend the previously established link - from hot temperatures to negative affect and a decline in cognitive ability - to the determinants of media bias. |
| Keywords: | media bias, tonality, temperature, U.S. newscasts |
| JEL: | L8 D7 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:dicedp:279887&r=env |
| By: | Helen Mashiyat Preoty; Mashfiq Ahasan Hridoy; ASM Shamim Alam Shibly; Tamim Ahmed |
| Abstract: | The power and energy sector of Bangladesh has been confronting several challenges that adversely affected various economic activities in households, agriculture, industries and businesses. These power and energy sector challenges require special attention from the National Budget FY23–24. However, the national budget for FY23–24 was a ‘business as usual’ budget for this sector instead of addressing significant challenges. So, the expectations are lower that the budget passed at the parliament would improve the sectoral health in particular. The study analysis shows that the power and energy sector has no good news in the early future, and load shedding is likely to continue in the coming months, hindering households, businesses, industry, and commercial activities. With huge excess reserves (about 50 per cent in FY25), the power sector will continue struggling to meet the capacity payment, subsidy requirements and fuel import payments. |
| Keywords: | Power Sector, National Budget, FY2024, Renewable Energy, LNG-based power generation, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:opaper:150&r=env |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | A pecuária é um setor estratégico do país, está presente em todo o território, ocupa duas a três vezes mais espaço que a agricultura e é a principal atividade de metade dos estabelecimentos rurais. Tem forte impacto social —cerca de 50 milhões de cabeças estão em estabelecimentos da agricultura familiar— e ambiental, devido à emissão de gases de efeito estufa de forma direta (fermentação entérica) e indireta (desmatamento). Esta publicação discute trade-offs dos caminhos possíveis para a pecuária brasileira, contribuindo para a construção de alternativas rumo a processos produtivos inovadores, inclusivos, com maior resiliência e de baixo carbono. Apresenta recomendações, expressas no território, para a elaboração de políticas públicas e de governança para o setor, traduzidas em um roadmap com sete rotas para a transição para uma pecuária mais sustentável, respeitando as especificidades de cada região do país. |
| Date: | 2023–09–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:68003&r=env |
| By: | Ricardo Calabrese; Marcelo Romero |
| Abstract: | A crescente urbanização mundial e a dependência de combustíveis fósseis são dois dos principais desafios enfrentados pelas cidades atualmente. A energia fotovoltaica é uma das alternativas sustentáveis e renováveis que podem ser usadas para superar esses desafios. Este artigo discute a integração da energia fotovoltaica no novo planejamento urbano por meio de bairros solares colaborando com a resiliência urbana e descarbonização das cidades. O estudo apresenta exemplos de bairros solares em diferentes partes do mundo que têm sido eficazes na produção de energia elétrica por meio de painéis fotovoltaicos integrados em edifícios residenciais e comerciais. Esses bairros solares também provocaram a redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa contribuindo para a melhoria da qualidade do ar nas cidades. Além disso, o artigo explora as estratégias de planejamento urbano que podem ser utilizadas para facilitar a integração da energia fotovoltaica em bairros solares. Essas estratégias incluem incentivos fiscais, legislações específicas, políticas públicas e parcerias com empresas de energia renovável. Por fim, o artigo destaca a importância da resiliência urbana no contexto da integração da energia fotovoltaica no planejamento urbano. A resiliência urbana é uma abordagem que busca tornar as cidades mais adaptáveis e resistentes a eventos extremos, como mudanças climáticas e desastres naturais. A integração da energia fotovoltaica em bairros solares pode contribuir para aumentar a resiliência urbana, a independência de combustíveis fósseis e a segurança energética das cidades. Em conclusão, a integração da energia fotovoltaica no planejamento urbano por meio de bairros solares pode ser uma estratégia eficaz para promover a resiliência e descarbonização das cidades. No entanto, é necessário o compromisso das autoridades governamentais, empresas e comunidades locais para implementar essa mudança. |
| Keywords: | bairros solares; Decarbonization; descarbonização; energia fotovoltaica; photovoltaic energy; Planejamento Urbano; resiliência urbana; solar neighborhoods; Urban Planning; urban resilience |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lre:wpaper:lares-2023-4dpw&r=env |
| By: | Peter Anagnostakos; Jason Bram; Benjamin Chan; Natalia Fischl-Lanzoni; Hasan Latif; James M. Mahoney; Donald P. Morgan; Ladd Morgan; Ivelisse Suarez |
| Abstract: | The impacts of hurricanes analyzed in the previous post in this series may be far-reaching in the Second District. In a new Staff Report, we study how banks in Puerto Rico fared after Hurricane Maria struck the island on September 17, 2017. Maria makes a worst case in some respects because the economy and banks there were vulnerable beforehand, and because Maria struck just two weeks after Hurricane Irma flooded the island. Despite the immense destruction and disruption Maria caused, we find that the island’s economy and banks recovered surprisingly quickly. We discuss the various protections—including homeowners’ insurance, federal aid, and mortgage guarantees—that helped buttress the island’s economy and banks. |
| Keywords: | climate; banks; hurricanes; Hurricane Maria; Puerto Rico |
| JEL: | G2 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednls:97345&r=env |
| By: | Putra, Lucky Fajar Adtya |
| Abstract: | Managing diversity (manajemen kebaragaman) |
| Date: | 2023–11–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:8q4fa&r=env |