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on Environmental Economics |
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Issue of 2023‒12‒11
eighty-six papers chosen by Francisco S. Ramos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
| By: | Dominique Bureau (Ministère de l'écologie et Ecole Polytechnique) |
| Abstract: | Existing gaps between territorial inventories of CO2 emissions and carbon footprints resulting from the final domestic demands of countries highlight the need to reduce imported emissions in developed countries. Generalized carbon border pricing would help but it requires avoiding the risk of its use as a trade barrier. However, such an import tax is not the unique possible approach and it is not a substitute for enhanced climate cooperation. In addition to the advantages usually put forward in terms of efficiency and mechanism design, the setting of a common carbon price, by the means of national taxes or a cap and trade mechanism, would present a threefold interest in this context: of discarding the objections of trade distortions against climate policies; of regulating imported emissions and internal emissions with the same level of ambition; and of acting both on the use of products as well as on their processes. Footprint taxation is then unnecessary, except with non-participants. But a Green Fund is needed for fair sharing of the burden of the efforts. Moreover, its rules must be adapted when integrating trade-related emissions, which has not been pointed out so far in the debates on Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. Corresponding conditions are specified here and it is underlined that this approach has also the advantage having to deal only with the net distributive effects involving trade in carbon. |
| Keywords: | carbon pricing, carbon footprint, climate cooperation, international trade, burden sharing |
| JEL: | Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fae:wpaper:2022.03&r=env |
| By: | Fang, Ximeng; Innocenti, Stefania |
| Abstract: | Green transitions require ambitious policy. This poses a political economy challenge. We study how social norms and economic reasoning jointly shape public views towards carbon taxation with uniform redistribution, using a representative survey experiment in the U.S. (N=2, 688). Video interventions that correct misperceived norms about climate action and/or explain the policy lead to an initial boost in support that fades away after several months and does not increase environmental donations. However, the combined intervention persistently reduces strong opposition by over 20%, pointing towards the joint roles of different motives in shifting the Overton window for climate policy. |
| Keywords: | climate policy, carbon pricing, policy understanding, social norms, pluralistic ignorance, information intervention, survey experiment |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 D78 D91 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2023-25&r=env |
| By: | Hendrik Mahlkow; Joschka Wanner |
| Abstract: | International trade is highly imbalanced both in terms of values and in terms of embodied carbon emissions. We show that the persistent current value trade imbalance patterns contribute to a higher level of global emissions compared to a world of balanced international trade. Specifically, we build a Ricardian quantitative trade model including sectoral input-output linkages, trade imbalances, fossil fuel extraction, and carbon emissions from fossil fuel combustion and use this framework to simulate counterfactual changes to countries’ trade balances. For individual countries, the emission effects of removing their trade imbalances depend on the carbon intensities of their production and consumption patterns, as well as on their fossil resource abundance. Eliminating the Russian trade surplus and the US trade deficit would lead to the largest environmental benefits in terms of lower global emissions. Globally, the simultaneous removal of all trade imbalances would lower world carbon emissions by 0.9 percent or 295 million tons of carbon dioxide. |
| Keywords: | carbon emissions, international trade, gravity |
| JEL: | F14 F18 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10729&r=env |
| By: | Gambacorta, Leonardo; Polizzi, Salvatore; Reghezza, Alessio; Scannella, Enzo |
| Abstract: | This study examines whether the level of environmental disclosure in banks’ financial reports matches less brown lending portfolios. Using granular credit register data and detailed information on firm-level greenhouse gas emission intensities, we find a negative relationship between environmental disclosure and brown lending. However, this effect is contingent on the tone of the financial report. Banks that express a negative tone, reflecting genuine concern and awareness of environmental risks, tend to lend less to more polluting firms. Conversely, banks that express a positive tone, indicating lower concern and awareness of environmental risks, tend to lend more to polluting firms. These findings highlight the importance of increasing awareness of environmental risks, so that banks perceive them as a critical and urgent pressing threat, leading to a genuine commitment to act as environmentally responsible lenders. JEL Classification: G20, G21, M41, Q56 |
| Keywords: | banking, brown lending, climate change, environmental disclosure, environmental risks, green banking |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20232872&r=env |
| By: | Basak Bayramoglu (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Jean-François Jacques (ERUDITE - Equipe de Recherche sur l’Utilisation des Données Individuelles en lien avec la Théorie Economique - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - Université Gustave Eiffel); Sylvaine Poret (Inrae) |
| Abstract: | The European Union (EU) Green Deal and its Farm to Fork Strategy are intended to promote sustainable food systems to achieve EU climate-neutrality by 2050. The Farm to Fork action plan also foresees the introduction of a harmonized mandatory front-of-pack nutrition labelling scheme in 2023. The EU countries have yet to reach agreement on the nutrition labelling scheme, which will also have environmental impacts. This article raises the question of whether at the European level, countries should seek agreements on both climate mitigation and nutrition policies (full agreement as in the case of the Green Deal) or should negotiate separate climate and nutrition policy agreements (as for the nutritional labelling). To address this question, this paper develops a game-theoretic model with multiple countries where each country implements a climate policy and a nutrition policy, We compare the consequences in terms of total emissions, the level of the nutrition policy and the welfare under different institutional arrangements of a non-cooperative equilibrium, full agreement, and three alternative agreements. Our results show in particular that full agreement always leads to the lowest total emissions at the expense of the level of nutrition policy in some cases. In an extension of our analysis, we show that agreements that include cooperation over nutrition policies do not necessarily imply formation of a larger coalition of signatory countries, even if a nutrition policy has positive or negative impacts on emissions. |
| Abstract: | Le Green Deal de l'Union européenne (UE) et sa stratégie "de la ferme à la fourchette" visent à promouvoir des systèmes alimentaires durables afin d'atteindre la neutralité climatique de l'UE d'ici 2050. Le plan d'action "De la ferme à la fourchette" prévoit également l'introduction d'un système obligatoire harmonisé d'étiquetage nutritionnel sur les emballages des produits en 2023. Les pays de l'UE doivent encore parvenir à un accord sur ce système d'étiquetage nutritionnel, qui aura également des répercussions sur l'environnement. Cet article soulève la question de savoir si, au niveau européen, les pays devraient chercher à conclure des accords sur les politiques d'atténuation du changement climatique et les politiques nutritionnelles (accord complet comme dans le cas du Green Deal) ou s'ils devraient négocier des accords distincts sur les politiques climatiques et nutritionnelles (comme dans le cas de l'étiquetage nutritionnel). Nous comparons les conséquences en termes d'émissions totales, le niveau de la politique nutritionnelle et du bien-être des différents arrangements institutionnels d'un équilibre non coopératif, d'un accord complet et de trois accords alternatifs. Nos résultats montrent en particulier que l'accord complet conduit toujours aux émissions totales les plus faibles, au détriment du niveau de la politique nutritionnelle dans certains cas. Dans une extension de notre analyse, nous montrons que les accords qui incluent une coopération sur les politiques nutritionnelles n'impliquent pas nécessairement la formation d'une plus grande coalition de pays signataires, même si une politique nutritionnelle a des impacts positifs ou négatifs sur les émissions. |
| Keywords: | climate mitigation, nutrition policy, healthy diets, cooperation, agreement |
| Date: | 2023–10–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04287708&r=env |
| By: | Mehrnaz Kouhihabibi; Erfan Mohammadi |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews the literature on biodegradable waste management in Germany, a multifaceted endeavor that reflects its commitment to sustainability and environmental responsibility. It examines the processes and benefits of separate collection, recycling, and eco-friendly utilization of biodegradable materials, which produce valuable byproducts such as compost, digestate, and biogas. These byproducts serve as organic fertilizers, peat substitutes, and renewable energy sources, contributing to ecological preservation and economic prudence. The paper also discusses the global implications of biodegradable waste management, such as preventing methane emissions from landfills, a major source of greenhouse gas, and reusing organic matter and essential nutrients. Moreover, the paper explores how biodegradable waste management reduces waste volume, facilitates waste sorting and incineration, and sets a global example for addressing climate change and working toward a sustainable future. The paper highlights the importance of a comprehensive and holistic approach to sustainability that encompasses waste management, renewable energy, transportation, agriculture, waste reduction, and urban development. |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2311.08678&r=env |
| By: | Dominika Ehrenbergerova; Simona Malovana; Caterina Mendicino |
| Abstract: | We study how climate policies and significant events affect holdings of securities issued by low-carbon (green) and high-carbon (brown) firms. Using security-level data, we show that financial sector increased its holdings of green firms' securities and reduced its holdings of brown firms' securities following the Paris Climate Agreement and the 2019 UN Climate Action Summit. The COVID-19 pandemic had a similar effect, highlighting the role of the carbon risk premium. Conversely, the private non-financial sector increased its holdings of brown firms' securities, indicating a shift of transition risks toward this sector. Lastly, home bias and the environmental performance of holder and issuer countries significantly influence these effects. |
| Keywords: | Climate policies, COVID-19 pandemic, difference-in-differences, security-level data |
| JEL: | G11 G20 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cnb:wpaper:2023/11&r=env |
| By: | Kristian S. Blickle; Rajashri Chakrabarti; Maxim L. Pinkovskiy |
| Abstract: | Climate change may pose two types of risk to the economy—from policies and consumer preferences as the energy system transitions to a lower dependence on carbon (in other words, transition risks) or from damages stemming from the direct impacts of climate change (physical risks). In this post, we follow up on our previous post that studied the exposure of the Federal Reserve’s Second District to physical risks by considering how transition risks affect different parts of the District and how they differentially affect the District relative to the nation. We find that, relative to other regions of the U.S., the economy of the Second District has considerably less exposure to fossil fuels. However, the cost of reducing even this relatively low economic dependence on carbon is still likely to be considerable. |
| Keywords: | Second District; climate change; transition risks |
| JEL: | E24 Q54 R10 |
| Date: | 2023–11–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednls:97308&r=env |
| By: | Gianluca Biggi; Andrea Mina; Federico Tamagni |
| Abstract: | Using a firm-level dataset from the Spanish Technological Innovation Panel (2003-2016), this study explores the characteristics of environmentally innovative firms and quantifies the effects of pursuing different types of environmental innovation strategies (resource-saving, pollution-reducing, and regulation-driven innovations) on sales, employment, and productivity dynamics. The results indicate, first, that environmental innovations tend to be highly correlated with firms’ technological capabilities, although to varying degrees across types of environmental innovation, whereas structural characteristics are less significant. Second, we observe heterogeneous effects of different types of environmental innovation on performance outcomes. We find no evidence that any type of environmental innovation fosters sales growth while pollution-reducing and regulation-driven innovations boost employment growth. Moreover, both resource-saving and pollution-reducing innovations bring about productivity advantage. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Innovation; Green Investments, Resource-saving, Pollution-reduction, Envi- ronmental compliance; Firm performance. |
| Date: | 2023–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2023/42&r=env |
| By: | Marie Noeline Sinapin (UEVE - Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne, LITEM - Laboratoire en Innovation, Technologies, Economie et Management (EA 7363) - UEVE - Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne - Université Paris-Saclay - IMT-BS - Institut Mines-Télécom Business School - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]) |
| Abstract: | This article focuses on environmental resilience in the context of the challenges posed by climate change and environmental issues. Civilization is increasingly grappling with severe turbulence, unthinkable events in an environment with major imbalances. It's a subject being studied by the scientific community, which is showing a growing interest in the importance of changes translated into efforts and sacrifices to be made. This awareness requires an adaptive response from countries, but also from financial and non-financial regulators. Climate risk governance plays an essential role in the CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) process.Based on a qualitative study conducted with Crédit Mutuel center est Europe and the literature, this paper presents and discusses the results of a qualitative survey conducted within a bank branch. The aim of the paper is to show how the company deals with environmental issues and the concrete actions in perspective as part of a resilient strategy. It also presents the results of a survey on environmental resilience. This mutual bank seems to be taking climate change and ecosystem deterioration into account in its management strategy. Moreover, it seems to show us that climate change can have major repercussions on economic activity in general and, by extension, on the financial sphere. What's more, it seems to be identifying new challenges and taking action in an ecosystem undergoing major systemic reconfigurations. |
| Abstract: | Cet article met l'accent sur la résilience environnementale dans le contexte des défis que posent les changements climatiques et les questions environnementales. La civilisation est de plus en plus aux prises avec des turbulences sévères, des événements impensables dans un environnement qui présente des déséquilibres majeurs. C'est un sujet étudié par la communauté scientifique, qui montre un intérêt croissant pour l'importance des changements traduits en matière d'efforts et de sacrifices à faire. Cette sensibilisation nécessite une réponse adaptative de la part des pays, mais également de la part des régulateurs des financiers et non financiers. La gouvernance des risques liés au climat joue un rôle essentiel dans le processus de RSE (Responsabilité Sociétale et Environnementale). À partir d'une étude qualitative menée auprès du Crédit Mutuel centre est Europe et de la littérature, ce papier présente et discute les résultats d'une enquête qualitative réalisés au sein d'une agence bancaire. Ce papier vise à montrer la manière dont l'entreprise traite l'enjeu environnemental et les actions concrètes en perspective relevant d'une stratégie résiliente. Il présente également les résultats d'un sondage sur la résilience environnementale. Cette banque mutualiste semble tenir compte du changement climatique et de la détérioration de l'écosystème dans sa stratégie de gestion. En outre, elle semble nous montrer que le changement climatique peut avoir des répercussions majeures sur l'activité économique en général et par extension sur la sphère financière. De plus, elle semble cerner les nouveaux défis et engage des actions dans un écosystème en proie à de reconfigurations systémiques majeures. |
| Keywords: | Management, Strategy, Climate, Sustainability, Mutation, Resilience, Stratégie, Climat, Développement durable, Résilience |
| Date: | 2023–10–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04262574&r=env |
| By: | Payró, Clara; Taherzadeh, Oliver; van Oorschot, Mark; Koch, Julia; Koch, Julia; Marselis, Suzanne |
| Abstract: | The environmental gains of dietary change are often assessed in relation to average national diets, overlooking differences in individual consumption habits and preferences. As a result, we ignore the roles and impacts of different consumer groups in a sustainable dietary transition. This study combines micro data on food intake and consumer behaviour to elicit the likely environmental gains of dietary shifts. We focus on the Netherlands owing to the county’s ambition to halve its dietary footprint by 2050. Linking food recall survey data from a cross-section of the population (n=4, 313), life cycle inventory analysis for 220 food products, and behavioural survey data (n=1, 233), we estimate the dietary footprints of consumer groups across water, land, biodiversity and greenhouse gas footprints. We find that meat and dairy significantly contribute to the dietary greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint (59%), land footprint (55%), and biodiversity footprint (57%) of all consumer groups, and that male consumers impose a 30-32% greater burden than women across these impact areas. Our scenario analysis reveals that simply replacing cow milk with soy milk could reduce the GHG, land and biodiversity footprints of food consumption by ±8% if widely adopted by the Dutch adult population. These impacts could be further reduced by ±20% from a full adoption of a sustainable diet, as recommended by the EAT-Lancet Commission, but would significantly increase the blue water footprint of Dutch food consumption. While the EAT-Lancet recommended diet is preferred in terms of impacts and nutrition, it would necessitate a complete overhaul of individual dietary habits, whereas shifting to soy milk is a simple single product substitution and a more accessible choice for consumers. However, when incorporating gender- and age-specific willingness for meat and dairy consumption reduction, the environmental gains resulting from partial adoption of the EAT diet and No-Milk diet diminish to a mere ±4.5% and ±0.8%, respectively. Consequently, consumer motivation alone is insufficient to realise the significant environmental gains often promised by dietary change. Our findings highlight that specific and targeted policies are needed to overcome the barriers that consumers face to adopting a more sustainable diet. |
| Date: | 2023–11–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:m98kr&r=env |
| By: | Yahya Fikri (LARSMAG - ENCG TANGER - UNIVERSITE ABDELMALEK ESSAADI - LABORATOIRE DE RECHERCHE EN STRATEGIE MANAGEMENT ET GOUVERNANCE ENCG TANGER - UNIVERSITE ABDELMALEK ESSAADI); Mohamed Rhalma (LARSMAG - ENCG TANGER - UNIVERSITE ABDELMALEK ESSAADI - LABORATOIRE DE RECHERCHE EN STRATEGIE MANAGEMENT ET GOUVERNANCE ENCG TANGER - UNIVERSITE ABDELMALEK ESSAADI); Enseignement Professeur D |
| Abstract: | In order to balance economic advancement, environmental protection, and social well-being and to meet the needs of the present generation without jeopardizing the needs of the future, the concept of sustainable development is complex and encompasses many theories and approaches. The emergence of sustainable development explains the adverse effects. But the idea of sustainable development has several gaps that lead to more questions than answers. The emergence of sustainable development explains the negative effects. The idea of sustainable development, however, has several gaps that lead to more problems than they do answers. As a result, in order to provide an absolute definition for sustainable development, very in-depth conversations are required, keeping in mind that this notion is challenging to grasp. The way and context in which the term " sustainable development " is used suggest numerous interpretations and definitions. Consequently, the purpose of our study is to define and clarify the notion of sustainable development in order to achieve a transcendence of arbitrary exclusions through a review of the literature that has already been published. Also stated, how did you conceptually frame "the concept of sustainable development"?. So, in order to address our question, we will define through the ideas that support sustainable development. I'm talking about "development" and "durability." And We have provided a comparison of the theoretical frameworks for territorial development and sustainable development. Then, in order to avoid any arbitrary interpretation, we will proceed to compile all definitions related to sustainable development and Territorial development. So, we've chosen the storytelling methodology. A precise definition and interpretation of sustainable development have been the subject of extensive research and dispute, but the notion itself is still rather well defined. According to Browning & Rigolo (2019), the paradigm of sustainable development allows for improving quality of life without affecting ecosystems or causing harmful environmental effects. We'll explain what we heard from sustainable development in the following, including its roots, components, etc. |
| Abstract: | Les auteurs n'ont pas connaissance de quelconque financement qui pourrait affecter l'objectivité de cette étude. Conflit d'intérêts : Les auteurs ne signalent aucun conflit d'intérêts. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Development Durability Development Territorial development Citizen. JEL Classification: Q01 Paper type: Theoretical Research, Sustainable Development, Durability, Development, Territorial development, Citizen. JEL Classification: Q01 Paper type: Theoretical Research |
| Date: | 2023–10–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04262106&r=env |
| By: | Perugia, Francesca; Rowley, Steven; Swapan, Mohammad |
| Abstract: | This research explores climate change adaptation practices, strategies and policies implemented internationally that could be adopted to support the sustainable development of cities and towns across Australia. Adaptation strategies focus on reducing the impact of climate change effects while promoting sustainable development. Adaptation is framed as a shared responsibility between governments at all levels, businesses, communities and individuals. Within this overarching framework, each level of government has a specific role. Australia lacks a strong overarching direction in climate change adaptation, including legislation and funding. In a 2019 assessment of adaptation plans for 54 countries, Australia was the lowest performer. This poor performance can be linked to the narrow scope of Australia's approach to adaptation, including the lack of political leadership and the division of powers and allocation of responsibilities in the three tiers of government. The research interrogated urban adaption strategies in three international case studies and found all three case studies emphasise active community participation and leadership in devising and delivering their adaption strategies. The research found that Australian cities and towns should incorporate three main strategic approaches for effective climate change adaptation: long-term investment and holistic approaches building community resilience to deal with the impacts of climate change innovation in structural solutions that respect and reinforce the local ecological system as a way to build resilience. |
| Date: | 2023–11–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:mjw8y&r=env |
| By: | Schulz, Nicolai; Proestou, Maria; Feindt, Peter |
| Abstract: | The sustainability of social-ecological systems has become a major concern in environmental policy. To address the sustainability challenges of the fossil-based economy, more than 50 countries around the world have promulgated policies to promote the transformation towards a bio-based economy. The success of this transformation, in turn, depends on the resilience of the bio-based production systems on which the bioeconomy rests. However, the continued delivery of the desired functions of these systems is challenged by environmental, social, economic, and political short- and long-term stresses. Despite the importance of such resilience challenges for a sustainable bioeconomy transformation, the extent to which they are addressed in bioeconomy policies remains unclear and under-researched. To fill this gap, we investigate the salience of resilience challenges in bioeconomy policies using the Resilience Policy Design (RPD) framework. Specifically, we conduct a systematic content analysis of bioeconomy policy documents in 50 countries to identify and discuss the specific challenges and instruments directly aimed at addressing these challenges. Overall, our analysis contributes to a better understanding of the role and origins of resilience concerns in global bioeconomy policymaking. |
| Date: | 2023–11–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:rp2by&r=env |
| By: | Wilhelm Breuer; Leon Heindorf |
| Abstract: | In order to do justice to climate change, the Paris Climate Agreement and social demands, the European Green Deal was concluded. Its goal is to make Europe climate-neutral by 2050. As part of this, the so-called Taxonomy Regulation came into force on 01.01.2022. In order to analyse how the Taxonomy Regulation affects sustainability efforts and corporate financing, especially green bonds, a survey was conducted among listed German real estate companies. The focus was on three research questions: To what extent does the Taxonomy Regulation influence listed real estate companies and their financing? What is the interaction between the Taxonomy Regulation and green bonds? How will this field of corporate financing develop in the future? The paper shows the results of the survey and analyses them. |
| Keywords: | EU Taxonomy; German Listed Real Estate; Green Bonds; Sustainable Finance |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_235&r=env |
| By: | Andrea Amado; Koji Kotani; Makoto Kakinaka; Shunsuke Managi |
| Abstract: | People worldwide aim to reduce the adverse impacts from carbon emissions by adopting clean energy sources. While the literature identifies potential policies, such as carbon taxes, to address this issue, few studies have investigated how these policies can be concretely designed to facilitate cleaner-energy transition. We pose a question of how a carbon tax can be an effective instrument at transitioning to clean energy and hypothesize that providing a set of crucial information with respect to the tax persuades people to support it. We experimentally examine the determinants influencing public support for the introduction of a carbon tax via a vignette experiment with 1500 Japanese subjects. The vignette policy dimensions include “who pays the tax, †“how the tax gets paid, †“where the revenue gets used†and “how much the burden becomes, †each of which is introduced as a treatment with the baseline of “no information†provision. The results indicate that public support comparatively increases when the entities specified to pay are producers, when the tax revenue is used towards renewable energies and when the burden is sufficiently low. Overall, we demonstrate that a carbon tax can be an effective policy instrument for cleaner-energy transition, while garnering public support and ample revenue. To this end, it is necessary to inform people that the carbon-tax policy design targets producers and renewable energy along with a per-capita burden between 500 JPY to 3000 JPY a month. |
| Keywords: | carbon tax, clean energy, policy design, vignette experiment |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kch:wpaper:sdes-2023-6&r=env |
| By: | Hendarto, Totok; Yuniwati, Eny Dyah |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study is to study; (1) What is the concept of increasing the productivity and blue economy capacity of coastal communities in Indonesia?; (2) How to increase the bargaining power economy of coastal communities in Indonesia? Type of literature research with a qualitative descriptive approach and analysis with an inductive approach. The results showed that the concept of increasing productivity and blue economy capacity of coastal communities in Indonesia was carried out by 1) providing guidance on the environment as a form of conservation aimed at maintaining the ecosystem, 2) counseling to supervisory community groups useful to help supervise exploitative economic activities, 3) socialization of regulations so that fishermen also have a role in safeguarding fishery resources, 4) increase fishermen's understanding of fishing routes aims to increase insight and maximize fish production, 5) increase fishermen's catch production figures in line with the program's objectives, namely to maintain sustainable fishery resources and food security. The form of increasing the bargaining power economy of coastal communities in Indonesia is carried out by; 1) empowerment of regional resource potential; 2) improving the human resources of coastal communities in accordance with the potential of regional resources; 3) management of marine resources that are environmentally friendly and pay attention to the sustainability of the ecosystem; 4) the implementation of scientific research related to marine resources management; 5) Marine resource management based on the economic development of coastal communities. |
| Date: | 2023–11–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:m2f96&r=env |
| By: | Bauer, Michael; Huber, Daniel; Rudebusch, Glenn; Wilms, Ole (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management) |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiutis:6b117156-316d-440a-9fa5-b005b19eeb9b&r=env |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | This document is based on the contributions and presentations of the ministerial meeting of the Forum of Ministers and High-Level Authorities of Housing and Urbanism of Latin America and the Caribbean (MINURVI), organised by the Ministry of Territorial Development and Habitat of Argentina, which assumed the presidency of the Forum for the 2023 period. The meeting was held on 10 and 11 April 2023 at the Kirchner Cultural Centre, in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires 28 member states attended the meeting along with representatives from ECLAC in its role as Technical Secretariat of MINURVI. During this meeting, authorities, leaders, experts in housing and urbanism, and development banks convened with the aim of addressing the issue of financing for climate change mitigation in cities. Strategies and alternatives to address the housing deficit and promote the development of value chains related to construction and sustainable housing were also discussed. The ministerial meeting provided an opportunity to discuss possible strategies for the creation of a green finance fund at the regional level. This fund would seek to expand the financing of projects and programmes with a significant impact on improving climate change resilience and/or reducing greenhouse gas emissions in urban areas. |
| Date: | 2023–10–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col043:68651&r=env |
| By: | Roshen Fernando |
| Abstract: | Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and climate change are interrelated complex challenges to humanity. We investigate the role of physical climate risks in the resistance growth of seven pathogens against twelve antimicrobials in 30 countries from 2000 to 2020. Our empirical assessment considers both chronic (gradual changes in temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity) and extreme climate risks (representing extreme precipitation events, droughts, heatwaves, coldwaves, and storms). We observe heterogeneous responses of different antimicrobial drug-pathogen combinations to physical climate risks. We observe that the physical climate risks could affect resistance growth more than antimicrobial consumption growth in some antimicrobial-drug pathogen combinations. We also illustrate stronger effects of extreme climate risks on resistance growth compared to chronic risks in some antimicrobial-drug pathogen combinations. We emphasize the importance of a broader exploration of factors affecting AMR evolution from a one-health approach and enhanced AMR surveillance, among others, to produce effective policy responses to tame AMR. |
| Keywords: | Antimicrobial resistance, Infectious diseases, Climate Change, Econometrics, Machine Learning |
| JEL: | C51 C53 C54 C55 C68 F41 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2023-61&r=env |
| By: | César Ducruet; Hidekazu Itoh; Bárbara Polo Martin; Mame Astou Séné; Mariantonia Lo Prete; Ling Sun; Hidekazu Itoh; Yoann Pigné |
| Abstract: | Despite the skyrocketing growth of environmental studies in recent decades about ports and shipping, the local health impacts of ports remain largely under-researched. This article wishes to tackle this lacuna by statistically analyzing data on global shipping flows across nearly 5, 000 ports in 35 OECD countries between 2001 and 2018. The different traffic types, from containers to bulks and passengers, are analyzed jointly with data on natural conditions, air pollution, socio-economic features, and public health. Main results show that port regions pollute more than non-port regions on average, while health impacts vary according to the size and specialization of port regions. Three types of port regions are clearly differentiated, of which industrial, intermediate, and metropolitan port regions. |
| Keywords: | health; maritime transport; air pollution; port region; vessel movements |
| JEL: | I15 Q53 Q56 R11 R40 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2023-32&r=env |
| By: | Osterburg, Bernhard; Ackermann, Andrea; Böhm, Jonas; Bösch, Matthias; Dauber, Jens; de Witte, Thomas; Elsasser, Peter; Erasmi, Stefan; Gocht, Alexander; Hansen, Heiko; Heidecke, Claudia; Klimek, Sebastian; Krämer, Christine; Kuhnert, Heike; Moldovan, Aura; Nieberg, Hiltrud; Pahmeyer, Christoph; Plaas, Elke; Rock, Joachim; Röder, Norbert; Söder, Mareike; Tetteh, Gideon Okpoti; Tiemeyer, Bärbel; Tietz, Andreas; Wegmann, Johannes; Zinnbauer, Maximilian |
| Abstract: | Die Landwirtschaftsfläche ist in Deutschland in den letzten Jahrzehnten kontinuierlich zurückgegangen. Dies ging mit einer Zunahme von Siedlungs- und Verkehrsfläche sowie von Waldfläche einher. Dieser Prozess setzt sich weiter fort. Auch wenn die Nahrungsversorgung in Deutschland aufgrund dieser Entwicklung nicht gefährdet wird, ist Landwirtschaftsfläche eine grundsätzlich sehr knappe und schützenswerte Ressource. Es muss abgewogen werden, welche globale Verantwortung Deutschland hat, fruchtbare Ackerflächen für die Nahrungsproduktion einzusetzen und entsprechend zu schützen. Vor dem Hintergrund nationaler und internationaler Nachhaltigkeitsziele, die auf den Schutz der Böden abzielen, und angesichts der Tatsache, dass die pro Kopf zur Verfügung stehenden Anbauflächen weltweit abnehmen, sollte Deutschland im Umgang mit der Ressource Boden eine Vorbildfunktion einnehmen. In den letzten Jahren ist die Flächenneuinanspruchnahme für Siedlung und Verkehr deutlich zurückgegangen. Im Zuge des geplanten, verstärkten Wohnungsneubaus und des Ausbaus erneuerbarer Energien, insbesondere der Freiflächen-Photovoltaik, ist jedoch bis 2030 eine stark ansteigende Flächenneuinanspruchnahme zu erwarten. Gleichzeitig werden aus Sicht des Biodiversitäts- und Klimaschutzes zunehmende Flächenansprüche für die Schaffung naturnaher Lebensräume und Kohlenstoffsenken formuliert. Diese sind mit Flächennutzungs-änderungen (Aufforstung, Gehölzpflanzungen, Wiedervernässung von Mooren) oder mit einer Extensivierung der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung verbunden. In welchem Umfang die landwirtschaftlich genutzte Fläche (LF) durch zusätzliche Flächenansprüche für bezahlbaren Wohnraum, für die Energiewende und für den natürlichen Klimaschutz insgesamt beansprucht wird, ist angesichts zahlreicher Unwägbarkeiten kaum prognostizierbar. Eine Schätzung unter der Annahme, dass wesentliche formulierte Ziele bis 2030 erreicht werden, beläuft sich auf einen Rückgang um mehr als 300.000 ha LF bis 2030. Die zunehmenden Flächenansprüche verstärken die ohnehin bestehenden Flächennutzungskonkurrenzen. Die Nutzungsansprüche müssen künftig stärker gegeneinander abgewogen werden, und Synergien und Mehrfachnutzungen von Flächen sollten so weit wie möglich realisiert werden. Beispiele für solche Synergien sind der Ausbau von Photovoltaik (PV) auf Siedlungs- und Verkehrsflächen, auf wiedervernässten Mooren oder in Kombination mit landwirtschaftlicher Nutzung. Eine Steuerung des PV-Ausbaus auf Freiflächen ist derzeit allerdings nur eingeschränkt möglich, da Planung und Genehmigung in der Hand der Kommunen liegen und Neuanlagen zunehmend auch außerhalb des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes entstehen. Die erweiterte baurechtliche Privilegierung von Freiflächen-PV auf Korridoren entlang von Autobahnen und Bahntrassen soll den Ausbau beschleunigen und befördert dabei die Umwandlung von Landwirtschaftsflächen, ohne die genannten Synergien zu nutzen. Angesichts der hohen Flächenansprüche für den Biodiversitäts- und Klimaschutz müssen auch in diesem Bereich Synergien genutzt werden. Die Abwägung und Steuerung der verschiedenen Flächenansprüche, ohne dabei das Tempo der Energiewende und der Transformation in Richtung einer nachhaltigeren und klimafreundlicheren Landnutzung zu bremsen, ist eine große Herausforderung für die Politik. Hierfür ist eine zielübergreifende Landnutzungspolitik zu entwickeln. |
| Abstract: | Agricultural land in Germany has continuously declined in recent decades. This was accompanied by an increase in settlement and transport areas as well as forest areas. This process continues. Even if the food supply in Germany is not endangered due to this development, agricultural land is a fundamentally scarce resource that is worth protecting. It must be taken into account that Germany has a global responsibility to use fertile arable land for food production and to protect it accordingly. In view of the fact that national and international sustainability goals are aimed at protecting soils and that the amount of arable land available per capita is decreasing worldwide, Germany should therefore provide an example in dealing with soil as a resource. In recent years, new land use for settlement and transport infrastructure has declined significantly. However, as a result of plans to increase construction of new housing and to expand renewable energies, especially ground-mounted photovoltaics, a sharp increase in new land use is expected by 2030. At the same time, from the perspective of biodiversity and climate protection, increasing demands are being made for the creation of near-natural habitats and carbon sinks. These are associated with land use changes (afforestation, planting of woodlands and hedges, rewetting of peatlands) or with an extensification of agricultural use. Given the numerous uncertainties, it is difficult to predict to what extent the utilised agricultural area will be allocated towards additional land requirements for affordable housing, the energy transition and natural climate protection. An estimate assuming that key goals are achieved by 2030 amounts to a decline of more than 300, 000 hectares of utilised agricultural area by 2030. The increasing demands for land are exacerbating the already existing competition between land uses. In the future, land use requirements must be carefully weighed up more closely and synergies and multiple uses of areas should be realized as far as possible. Examples of such synergies include the expansion of photovoltaics (PV) on settlement and transport areas, on rewetted peatlands or in combination with agricultural use. However, governance of PV expansion on open spaces is currently only possible to a limited extent, as planning and approval are in the hands of the municipalities and new systems are increasingly being built outside of the Renewable Energy Act. The expanded privilege under building law for ground-mounted PV on corridors along motorways and railway lines is intended to accelerate expansion. However, it promotes the conversion of agricultural land without taking advantage of the aforementioned synergies. Given the high demands on land for biodiversity and climate protection, synergies must also be realised in this area. Balancing and controlling the various land requirements without slowing down the pace of the energy transition and the transformation towards more sustainable and climate-friendly land use is a major challenge for politicians. For this purpose, a cross-target land use policy must be developed. |
| Keywords: | Landnutzung, Flächennutzungskonkurrenzen, Landnutzungspolitik, Siedlungs- und Verkehrsfläche, Erneuerbare Energien, Freiflächen-Photovoltaik, Wiedervernässung von Mooren, land use, land use competition, land use policy, settlement and transport infrastructure, renewable energies, ground-mounted photovoltaics, rewetting of peatlands |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:279532&r=env |
| By: | Arnaud Buchs (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, IEPG - Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Iratxe Calvo-Mendieta (TVES - Territoires, Villes, Environnement & Société - ULR 4477 - ULCO - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale - Université de Lille, ULCO - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale); Olivier Petit (CLERSÉ - Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UA - Université d'Artois); Philippe Roman (ICHEC - Brussels Management School [Bruxelles]) |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces the special section entitled "Ecological Economics of Water: social and political perspectives", which brings together articles published in successive issues of the journal in 2020 and 2021. By discussing the literature, we review contemporary issues and controversies surrounding water management and water policies to highlight the importance of the social and political dimensions that an ecological economics of water should address. We promote comprehensive and reflective approaches that consider institutions and institutional change seriously, e.g. to discuss the role of water-related indicators in water policies. We demonstrate the relevance of this special section that comes after two water-related special issues already published in Ecological Economics. Finally, we introduce each of the articles of this special section, which we believe can help shape a new avenue of research among ecological economists of water. |
| Keywords: | Water policy, Interdisciplinarity, Ecological economics of water, Research agenda |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03330707&r=env |
| By: | Jevan Cherniwchan; Nouri Najjar |
| Abstract: | We test the hypothesis that governments alter environmental policy in response to trade by studying NAFTA’s effects on the formation of environmental policy in the US House of Representatives between 1990 and 2000. We find that reductions in US tariffs decreased political support for environmental legislation. This decrease appears to be due to: (i) a reduction in support by incumbent Republican legislators in response to trade-induced changes in the policy preferences of their constituents, and (ii) changes in partisan representation in affected districts due to decreased electoral support for pro-NAFTA Democrats following the agreement. |
| Keywords: | NAFTA; trade liberalization; voting; environmental policy |
| JEL: | F18 F64 F68 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mcm:deptwp:2023-05&r=env |
| By: | Helene Rey-Valette (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Jean-Michel A Salles (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Thierry Blayac (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Recent studies have shown the importance of relationships with nature, emotions felt, forms of attachment, and experience of nature on conservation motivations. They have proposed characterizing relational values based on these complex interactions with ecosystems. We analyzed these links for ecosystem services (ESs) associated with fish farming ponds. The analysis was based on an online survey conducted on mainland France. We identified the types of pro-environmental profiles and investigated the determinants of pro-environmental behaviors. We analyzed the types of services prioritized according to individual profiles and the factors determining sensitivity. We distinguish between individual ESs that are more hedonic in nature, and regulating or heritage cultural ESs that refer to collective motivations rather linked to eudaimonic well-being. The results highlight the importance of factors related to eudaimonic well-being, which help integrate the role of ethical values and commitment to conservation. The modeling shows little influence of the usual sociodemographic variables and the strong significance of variables considering the knowledge and familiarity with these ecosystems and the pro-environment commitment, which refers to eudaimonic well-being. These results allow us to discuss the specificities of awareness-raising policies, which imply a rationale for active citizenship. |
| Keywords: | Ecosystem Services, Eudaimonic and hedonic well-being, Fish-farming ponds, Wetlands, Sense of place, Perceptions, Ecosystem services Eudaimonic and hedonic well-being Fish-farming ponds Wetlands Sense of place Perceptions, Ecosystem services |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04281595&r=env |
| By: | Dang, Hai-Anh H.; Hallegatte, Stephane; Trinh, Trong-Anh |
| Abstract: | We offer an updated and comprehensive review of recent studies on the impact of climate change, particularly global warming, on poverty and inequality, paying special attention to data sources as well as empirical methods. While studies consistently find negative impacts of higher temperature on poverty across different geographical regions, with higher vulnerability especially in poorer Sub-Saharan Africa, there is inclusive evidence on climate change impacts on inequality. Further analyzing a recently constructed global database at the subnational unit level derived from official national household income and consumption surveys, we find that temperature change has larger impacts in the short term and more impacts on chronic poverty than transient poverty. The results are robust to different model specifications and measures of chronic poverty and are more pronounced for poorer countries. Our findings offer relevant inputs into current efforts to fight climate change. |
| Keywords: | climate change; temperature; poverty; inequality; subnational data |
| JEL: | Q54 I32 O10 |
| Date: | 2023–11–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:120701&r=env |
| By: | Ringstad, Ingrid Emilie Flessum (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics); Tselika, Kyriaki (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we investigate the time and frequency dynamics of connectedness among green assets such as green bonds, clean energy markets, and carbon prices. Using daily price data, we explore return spillovers across these green financial markets by applying the novel framework on time and frequency dynamics proposed by Baruník and Krehlík (2018). This allows us to identify the direction of spillovers among our variables, and decompose the connectedness to differentiate between short-term and long-term return spillovers. Our results indicate that green bonds and carbon prices act as net receivers of shocks, but mainly in the short-term. We also observe a low level of connectedness among our clean energy markets across both low and high frequency bands, even during times of economic or political crisis. Additionally, there are periods in which connectedness between the clean energy assets is driven by the long-term. In periods of economic and political stability, carbon prices may also provide an interesting diversifying tool for short term investors. Our results should be of interest for investors and portfolio managers who focus on green financial markets, by strengthening the notion that green financial markets can offer diversification opportunities, for both short-term and long-term investors. This paper is the first to use this framework to investigate systematic risks within green financial markets. |
| Keywords: | Green finance; Green Bonds; Energy Markets; Connectedness; Time-Frequency space; Systemic Risk; Portfolio Management |
| JEL: | C52 G11 Q40 |
| Date: | 2023–11–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhhfms:2023_018&r=env |
| By: | Kristian S. Blickle; Katherine Engelman; Theo Linnemann; João A. C. Santos |
| Abstract: | The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) flood maps, which designate areas at risk of flooding, are updated periodically through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and community efforts. Even so, many maps are several years old. As the previous two posts in the Extreme Weather series show, climate-related risks vary geographically. It is therefore important to produce accurate maps of such risks, like flooding. In this post we use detailed data on the flood risk faced by individual dwellings as well as digitized FEMA flood maps to tease out the degree to which flood maps in the Second District are inaccurate. Since inaccurate maps may leave households or banks exposed to the risk of uninsured flood damage, understanding map inaccuracies is key. We show that, when aggregated to the census tract level, a large number of maps do not fully capture flood risk. However, we are also able to show that updates do in fact improve map quality. |
| Keywords: | climate change; flood maps |
| JEL: | Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–11–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednls:97306&r=env |
| By: | Dang, Hai-Anh (World Bank); Hallegatte, Stephane (World Bank); Trinh, Trong-Anh (World Bank) |
| Abstract: | We offer an updated and comprehensive review of recent studies on the impact of climate change, particularly global warming, on poverty and inequality, paying special attention to data sources as well as empirical methods. While studies consistently find negative impacts of higher temperature on poverty across different geographical regions, with higher vulnerability especially in poorer Sub-Saharan Africa, there is inclusive evidence on climate change impacts on inequality. Further analyzing a recently constructed global database at the subnational unit level derived from official national household income and consumption surveys, we find that temperature change has larger impacts in the short term and more impacts on chronic poverty than transient poverty. The results are robust to different model specifications and measures of chronic poverty and are more pronounced for poorer countries. Our findings offer relevant inputs into current efforts to fight climate change. |
| Keywords: | climate change, temperature, poverty, inequality, subnational data |
| JEL: | Q54 I32 O1 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16570&r=env |
| By: | Gianluca Mattarocci; Gibilaro Lucia |
| Abstract: | Energy efficiency is nowadays one of the main targets for reaching sustainable economic growth in the medium long term. Real Estate is one of the main drivers of pollution, and more responsible investments may represent a reasonable strategy for reducing the negative impact on environment. Empirical analysis on the characteristics of real estate assets by REITs may allow identifying if market recognizes a premium or a penalization due to more responsible investment in the real estate industry. Results on a worldwide diversified sample show that currently there is no premium for investing in green oriented REITs and there is not a financial incentive related to REITs’ portfolios characterized by lower energy consumption and more usage of renewable energy. |
| Keywords: | Energy Consumption; pricing model; REIT |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_271&r=env |
| By: | Linsenmeier, Manuel |
| Abstract: | The impacts of climate change will depend on how human societies adapt to higher temperatures, but adaptation is very difficult to measure and typically not accounted for in estimates of the costs of climate change. Here, we study whether people living in warmer countries prefer higher temperatures for their recreational outdoor activities. To do so, we examine a unique dataset of mobile phone usage in parks and similar places covering two and a half years and more than 5000 locations across 130 countries. We first exploit quasi-random variation in weather from one day to the next to derive country-specific dose-response functions and then identify country-specific temperature levels at which outdoor activity peaks. In a second step, we regress these locally optimal temperatures on the annual mean climate. Our results point to substantial but only partial adaptation to average climatic conditions. For every degree Celsius increase in mean temperature, the optimal temperature for outdoor activity increases by about 0.45 degrees Celsius. Ignoring adaptation biases projections of future changes, which we illustrate with simulations. |
| Date: | 2023–11–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:dwye8&r=env |
| By: | Khondaker Golam Moazzem; Rafat Alam; Moumita A Mallick; ASM Shamim Alam Shibly |
| Abstract: | This study addresses the critical issue of Bangladesh’s pursuit of sustained and secure energy amidst its transition from a Least Developed Country (LDC) after 2026 and become a middle-income nation by 2050. The country has committed to different national and international platforms towards a substantial shift to renewable energy, aiming for 40% of its energy mix to be renewable by 2041, yet it is increasingly relying on expensive LNG-based power generation. The associated costs and impacts of this reliance on LNG, including economic, environmental, and social aspects, are examined’. |
| Keywords: | Power Sector, LNG, Renewable Energy, LDC, Energy-Mix, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:opaper:149&r=env |
| By: | adiid, hibanan |
| Abstract: | The concept of Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) has gained increasing recognition as organizations strive to align their operations with environmental and social responsibility. This paper explores the critical role of SSCM in enhancing sustainability across supply chains, with a focus on minimizing environmental impacts, fostering ethical labor practices, and promoting responsible sourcing. As businesses face growing pressures to operate in an environmentally and socially responsible manner, SSCM emerges as a strategic framework to achieve these goals. Through an analysis of best practices, case studies, and emerging trends, this research seeks to shed light on the evolution of SSCM, its impact on businesses, and the future prospects it holds for fostering sustainability in global supply chains. |
| Date: | 2023–10–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:dyhw8&r=env |
| By: | adiid, hibanan |
| Abstract: | The concept of Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) has gained increasing recognition as organizations strive to align their operations with environmental and social responsibility. This paper explores the critical role of SSCM in enhancing sustainability across supply chains, with a focus on minimizing environmental impacts, fostering ethical labor practices, and promoting responsible sourcing. As businesses face growing pressures to operate in an environmentally and socially responsible manner, SSCM emerges as a strategic framework to achieve these goals. Through an analysis of best practices, case studies, and emerging trends, this research seeks to shed light on the evolution of SSCM, its impact on businesses, and the future prospects it holds for fostering sustainability in global supply chains. |
| Date: | 2023–10–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:c2jyq&r=env |
| By: | Dunger, Steffi; Dunger, Karsten; Oertel, Cornelius; Wellbrock, Nicole |
| Abstract: | Ein Ziel der Nationalen Moorschutzstrategie der Bundesrepublik Deutschland umfasst die Reduktion der Treibhausgasemissionen aus forstwirtschaftlich genutzten Moorböden. Dies kann nur über eine dauerhafte Wiedervernässung der betroffenen Flächen erreicht werden und setzt eine Anpassung der Waldbestände an die sich damit verändernden hydrologischen Verhältnisse voraus. Aktuell werden 15 % der Moorböden in Deutschland als Waldfläche genutzt. Auswertungen der Bundeswaldinventur haben ergeben, dass sich etwa 50 % der Waldfläche auf organischen Böden (umfassen anmoorige Standorte, Hochmoor und Niedermoor) in Privatwaldbesitz befinden. Hierauf stocken vor allem die Baumarten Fichte (Picea abies), Kiefer (Pinus sylvestris), Moorbirke (Betula pubescens) und Schwarzerle (Alnus glutinosa), die aufgrund ihrer verschiedenen Standortansprüche unterschiedliche Wachstumsreaktionen (Vorrat, Zuwachs) auf den drei organischen Bodentypen zeigen. Dies bestätigen auch Ergebnisse einer durchgeführten Literaturrecherche. Um diese Akteure für Moorschutzaktivitäten zu gewinnen, müssen dringend Förderinstrumente geschaffen werden, die unter anderem hohe Kosten für Waldumbau, Bewirtschaftungserschwernisse sowie Ertragsverluste decken oder einen Landtausch von produktiven entwässerten in aus forstlicher Sicht unproduktive wiedervernässte Waldmoorflächen gewährleisten. Die im Projekt MoorWald erzielten Ergebnisse sollen dafür genutzt werden, um Privatwaldbesitzer auf mögliche Moorklimaschutzmaßnahmen in ihren Wäldern als auch die damit verbundenen Veränderungen hinzuweisen und sollen innerhalb dieses Thünen Working Papers in Form von Handlungsempfehlungen vorgestellt werden. Hier zeigte sich, dass die Schwarzerle, die einzige Baumart ist, die auf vollständig vernässten Standorten für eine forstliche Bewirtschaftung eingesetzt werden kann. Fichte und Kiefer sind für solche Standorte ungeeignet, da sie in ihrem Wachstum und in ihrer Stabilität zu stark beeinträchtigt werden. Die Moorbirke kann nach Literaturangaben zwar in wiedervernässten Niedermooren eingesetzt werden, wird aber ihren Lebensraum eher in den Randbereichen der renaturierten Flächen finden. |
| Abstract: | The National Peatland Conservation Strategy of the Federal Republic of Germany inter alia aims at the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from peatlands used for forestry purposes. This can only be achieved by permanently rewetting the affected areas and requires the forest stands to adapt to the subsequently changing hydrological conditions. Actually 15 % of peatlands in Germany are used as forest areas. Evaluations of the National Forest Inventory have revealed that about 50 % of the forest area on organic soils (including anmoor sites, bog, fen) is in private forest ownership. The tree species spruce (Picea abies), pine (Pinus sylvestris), downy birch (Betula pubescens) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa) grow on these soils and show different growth reactions (stock, growth) on the three organic soil types due to their different site requirements. This is also confirmed by results of a literature research. In order to engage these stakeholders for peatland protection activities, funding instruments must urgently be created that among other things, cover the high costs of forest stand conversion, changing management demands and yield losses, or ensure a land exchange from productive drained to unproductive rewetted forest peatlands. The results obtained in the MoorWald project are to be used to inform private forest owners of possible peatland climate protection measures for their forests and the associated changes and are to be presented within this Thünen Working Paper in the form of recommendations for action. It is shown that black alder is the only tree species that can be used for forest management on rewetted sites. Spruce and pine are unsuitable for such sites as their growth and stability are too severely affected. However, according to literature downy birch can be used on rewetted fens, but will rather find its habitat in the peripheral zones of renatured areas. |
| Keywords: | Birke, Erle, Kiefer, Fichte, Moorwald, organische Böden, Privatwald, Wiedervernässung, Birch, Alder, Pine, Spruce, Peatland Forest, Organic Soils, Private Forest, Rewetting |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:279526&r=env |
| By: | Lialiouti, Georgia; Poignet, Raphael; Di Maio, Carlo; Dimitropoulou, Maria; Farkas, Zoe Lola; Houben, Sem; Plavec, Katharina; Verhoeff, Eline Elisabeth Maria |
| Abstract: | We examined the net-zero commitments made by Global Systemically Important Banks (G-SIBs). In recent years, large banks have significantly increased their ambition and now disclose more details regarding their net-zero targets. There is also growing convergence, with the vast majority of G-SIBs now being part of net-zero alliances. Despite this progress, some practices should be further improved. We assessed climate-related risks disclosures publicly available for G-SIBs in 2022. The paper gives an overview about potentially problematic disclosure practices with regards to their net-zero commitments. It identifies and discusses a number of observations, such as the significant differences in sectoral targets used despite many banks sharing the same goal, the widespread use of caveats, the missing clarity regarding exposures to carbon-intensive sectors, the lack of clarity of “green financing” goals, and the reliance on carbon offsets by some institutions. The identified issues may impact banks’ reputation and litigation risk and risk management. The paper explains how the introduction of comparable international rules on climate disclosure and the introduction of transition plans, as envisaged and partly already in place in the European Union, could help mitigate these risks. JEL Classification: G2, G21, G28, Q5, Q54 |
| Keywords: | climate scenarios, disclosures, greenwashing, litigation risk, net-zero commitments, transition plans |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbops:2023334&r=env |
| By: | Ekoh, Susan |
| Abstract: | There is an increased recognition of human mobility responses to climate change among policy-makers and stakeholders. At the global level, the Global Compact for Safe, Regular and Orderly Migration (GCM) highlights this intersection of climate change and migration. In addition, follow-up processes to the Paris Agreement highlight human mobility outcomes from climate impacts. This policy brief argues that while there is a recognition of climate migration at the international and national levels, implementation at the sub-national level where pertinent migration is happening, is far from adequate. At the national level, Ghana and Senegal have signed on and engaged in follow-up processes of the GCM and the Paris Agreement. Furthermore, they have in different ways highlighted climate migration as a key policy area. For Senegal, there is a mandate to include climate change and migration along with three other priority areas for all development plans in the country. On the other hand, Ghana's national migration policy identifies climate change as a key area for policy attention. These reflect recognition of climate change and human mobility as a policy issue at the national level. However, there appear to be gaps in the implementation of these mandates and policy frameworks locally. Hence, there is a need to further investigate the patterns, weaknesses and strengths of climate (im)mobility strategy implementation at the sub-national level. This policy brief presents insights based on case studies of two West African cities, Accra and Dakar, which are relevant to urban climate (im)mobility governance because human mobility patterns are well established internally and from countries in the West African region, as are the influences of climate change on these mobility patterns. Because cities attract migrants, they offer insights into sub-national climate (im)mobility governance. It is, however, important to note the difficulty of isolating climate change as a driver of human mobility since it interacts with several other drivers (Black, Bennett, Thomas, & Beddington, 2011; Ekoh, Teron, & Ajibade, 2023). Regardless of the drivers of human mobility, city authorities have a responsibility to support their resident populations, and with increasing climate threats, they have a duty to support climate adapta-tion and resilience building within the city. This policy brief outlines three major challenges associated with addressing the human mobility dimension of climate change locally, under existing frameworks and agreements: (1) City authorities have limited competencies in governing migration, including climate-induced migration. (2) Cities have limited resources and capacity to adapt to climate change and the associated (im)mobility dimensions. (3) At the local level, human mobility and climate change are mostly treated as separate issues in the absence of an integrated policy framework on climate (im)mobility. The recommendations in this policy brief are addressed to national governments, local authorities and donors; they highlight how to move from global and national recognition to action so that cities/local authorities are better prepared to support migrants: - A whole-of-government approach is necessary at all levels to address the crosscutting issue of climate change and human mobility. This should be part of a new or updated national migration policy that gives local authorities/cities a clear role to play in human mobility and climate change. - National governments and donors need to support local authorities and non-state actors, such as non-governmental organisations and civil society organi-sations, with funding and investment in capacity building towards the design and implementation of climate (im)mobility strategies. - Urban action plans should clearly reflect climate (im)mobility strategies given current trends and projections of increased mobility towards cities like Accra and Dakar. |
| Keywords: | Forced displaced migration, climate change |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:idospb:279676&r=env |
| By: | Edward J. Oughton; Tom Russell; Jeongjin Oh; Sara Ballan; Jim W. Hall |
| Abstract: | The ongoing change in Earth`s climate is causing an increase in the frequency and severity of climate-related hazards, for example, from coastal flooding, riverine flooding, and tropical cyclones. There is currently an urgent need to quantify the potential impacts of these events on infrastructure and users, especially for hitherto neglected infrastructure sectors, such as telecommunications, particularly given our increasing dependence on digital technologies. In this analysis a global assessment is undertaken, quantifying the number of mobile cells vulnerable to climate hazards using open crowdsourced data equating to 7.6 million 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G assets. For a 0.01% annual probability event under a high emissions scenario (RCP8.5), the number of affected cells is estimated at 2.26 million for tropical cyclones, equating to USD 1.01 billion in direct damage (an increase against the historical baseline of 14% and 44%, respectively). Equally, for coastal flooding the number of potentially affected cells for an event with a 0.01% annual probability under RCP8.5 is 109.9 thousand, equating to direct damage costs of USD 2.69 billion (an increase against the baseline of 70% and 78%, respectively). The findings demonstrate the need for risk analysts to include mobile communications (and telecommunications more broadly) in future critical national infrastructure assessments. Indeed, this paper contributes a proven assessment methodology to the literature for use in future research for assessing this critical infrastructure sector. |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2311.04392&r=env |
| By: | Christopher J. Banks; Katherine Simpson; Nicholas Hanley; Rowland R. Kao |
| Abstract: | Financial incentives are provided by governments to encourage the plantation of new woodland to increase habitat, biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and other economic benefits for landowners. Whilst these are largely positive effects, it is worth considering that greater biodiversity and presence of wildlife species in proximity to agricultural holdings may pose a risk of disease transmission between wildlife and livestock. Wildlife transmission and the provision of a reservoir for infectious disease is particularly important in the transmission dynamics of bovine tuberculosis. In this paper we develop an economic model for changing land use due to forestry subsidies. We use this asses the impact on wild deer populations in the newly created woodland areas and the emergent infectious disease risk arising from the proximity of new and existing wild deer populations and existing cattle holdings. We consider an area in the South-West of Scotland, having existing woodland, deer populations, and extensive and diverse cattle farm holdings. In this area we find that, with a varying level of subsidy and plausible new woodland creation, the contact risk between areas of wild deer and cattle increases between 26% and 35% over the contact risk present with zero subsidy. This model provides a foundation for extending to larger regions and for examining potential risk mitigation strategies, for example the targeting of subsidy in low risk areas or provisioning for buffer zones between woodland and agricultural holdings. |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2311.07735&r=env |
| By: | Angelika Abramiuk-Szurlej; Mikolaj Szurlej; Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron |
| Abstract: | Agent-based modeling (ABM), a bottom-up stochastic approach for simulating the interactions of multiple autonomous agents, is gaining popularity in the field of managing pro-environmental behavior change. In the field of ecology, it is a well-established and rigorous scientific method. However, within the social sciences, it is often criticized for its lack of rigor. In this paper, we demonstrate how best practices from ABM in ecology can be applied to the study of pro-environmental social change, with a special focus on energy-related behaviors. We argue that the two stages of ABM, namely description and verification, are fundamental for establishing ABM as a rigorous research method. However, upon critically reviewing the existing literature on ABM of energy-related behaviors, we find that these stages are frequently absent or poorly executed. Therefore, we provide a practical illustration of how to effectively execute these stages using an example of a model introduced in 2016 to study the diffusion of green products and practices. We describe the model using the ODD (Overview, Design concepts, Details) protocol. Furthermore, we present two different approaches to model analysis borrowed from the theory of complex systems to ensure rigorous model verification. We also clarify the circumstances under which the agent-based model can be reduced to an analytical model and when such reduction is not feasible. |
| Keywords: | agent-based model; ODD protocol; pro-environmental behavior change |
| JEL: | C63 D81 D91 O33 O35 Q42 Q5 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ahh:wpaper:worms2302&r=env |
| By: | Chad P. Bown (Peterson Institute for International Economics); Kimberly A. Clausing (Peterson Institute for International Economics) |
| Abstract: | Recent efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have revealed different policy priorities; the United States and China have emphasized subsidy-based approaches, and the European Union has emphasized carbon pricing. These divergent policy choices--some lowering energy costs, others raising them--raise concerns about industry competitiveness and have implications for upstream and downstream firms in supply chains. This paper identifies the trade tensions resulting from varying climate policy approaches and describes policy efforts to address them. It then describes the role of a rules-based trading system in tackling the challenges that these distinct policy approaches create, examining World Trade Organization (WTO) rules on subsidies, border measures, and export restrictions. The authors suggest that the United States, the European Union, and China prioritize reforms to those rules as a path forward for cooperation on trade and climate. Such an approach would be an important starting point toward creating a functioning multilateral system. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iie:wpaper:wp23-8&r=env |
| By: | Asani Sarkar |
| Abstract: | In this post, we follow up on the previous Liberty Street Economics post in this series by studying other impacts of extreme weather on the real sector. Data from the Federal Reserve’s Small Business Credit Survey (SBCS) shed light on how small businesses in the Second District are impacted by natural disasters (such as hurricanes, floods, wildfires, droughts, and winter storms). Among our findings are that increasing shares of small business firms in the region sustain losses from natural disasters, with minority-owned firms suffering losses at a disproportionately higher rate than white-owned firms. For many minority-owned firms, these losses make up a larger portion of their total revenues. In a companion post, we will explore the post-disaster recovery of small firms in the Second District: how long do they remain closed and what are their sources of disaster relief? |
| Keywords: | climate; racial disparities; inequality; Second District |
| JEL: | D63 Q54 R10 |
| Date: | 2023–11–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednls:97312&r=env |
| By: | Letort, Elodie; Le Gloux, Fanny; Dupraz Pierre |
| Abstract: | Although consumers are increasingly willing to pay for the environment, the private provision of public goods from the consumption of green goods remains limited. We propose in this paper to exploit an additional private attribute of green goods, the health benefits, in order to increase the provision of public good. Health can be seen as a positive internality associated with the consumption of some green goods. We show that correcting this internality by offering labels describing these health benefits can increase the supply of public goods. The level of public good remains underprovided from the perspective of a social planner, but, under certain conditions, may equalize or exceed the optimal level of the public good from the perspective of an environmental agency. A simulation is performed to illustrate the impact of consumer preferences on the provisioning of public good at market equilibrium. |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2023–11–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:inrasl:338910&r=env |
| By: | Bing Zhu; Franz Fuerst |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates if exposure to natural hazards in its underlying assets affects the equity risk of a real estate fund. In a panel dataset of 139 distinct Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) over the period of 2004 to 2021, we find that REITs with a higher natural hazard exposure show a higher market beta. This finding persists even when possible endogenous market selection is taken into account, using historical hurricanes as a natural experiment and an instrumental variables approach. The increased systematic risk is explained by the increased cost of debt and reduced rental income. Assets in more resilient communities, more green buildings in the portfolio, and higher ESG performance are all shown to attenuate the impact of natural hazard risk on the market beta of a REIT. Investors seeking to lower their exposure to climate risk can use the proposed metrics at various levels of spatial aggregation to gauge the resilience of their investments. |
| Keywords: | Asset Pricing Model; Market Beta; Natural Hazard Risk; REITs |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_64&r=env |
| By: | Cincotta, Costanza (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics); Thomassen, Øyvind (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | We use product-level data from 2000 to 2021 to evaluate Norway’s incentives for consumers to choose electric vehicles. These include taxes on fossil fuels, EV exemption from car purchase taxes, and other incentives, like discounts on road tolls. We find that undoing the incentive with the largest effect, the EV exemption from purchase taxes, would reduce the EV market share to 25 percent from the 66 percent observed in 2021, increase CO2 emissions of new cars sold by 170 percent, reduce their total weight by 22 percent, and reduce the number of new cars sold by 10 percent. |
| Keywords: | Environmental taxes; automobiles |
| JEL: | H23 L62 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–11–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhhfms:2023_019&r=env |
| By: | Kristian S. Blickle; Rajashri Chakrabarti; Maxim L. Pinkovskiy |
| Abstract: | In this post, we discuss the climate-related risks faced by the Federal Reserve’s Second District and compare these with risks faced by the nation as a whole. The comparison helps contextualize the risks while framing them in the broader context of a changing climate at the national level. We show that the continental Second District—an area consisting of New York State, the twelve northern-most counties of New Jersey, and Fairfield County in Connecticut—faces fewer and less severe climate-related physical risks than the nation as a whole. However, the areas that comprise the Second District still rank somewhat high in key risks that include “heat stress.” This holds true especially for New York City. |
| Keywords: | climate; disaster; floods; heat wave; tornado; Second District; New York; New Jersey; pandemic |
| JEL: | D63 Q54 R10 |
| Date: | 2023–11–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednls:97309&r=env |
| By: | Mathias Reynaert; Eduardo A. Souza-Rodrigues; Arthur A. van Benthem |
| Abstract: | The world has pledged to protect 30 percent of its land and waters by 2030 to halt the rapid deterioration of critical ecosystems. We summarize the state of knowledge about the impacts of protected area policies, with a focus on deforestation and vegetation cover. We discuss critical issues around data and measurement, identify the most commonly-used empirical methods, and summarize empirical evidence across multiple regions of the world. In most cases, protection has had at most a modest impact on forest cover, with stronger effects in areas that face pressure of economic development. We then identify several open areas for research to advance our understanding of the effectiveness of protected area policies: the use of promising recent econometric advancements, shifting focus to direct measures of biodiversity, filling the knowledge gap on the effect of protected area policy in advanced economies, investigating the long-run impacts of protection, and understanding its equilibrium effects. |
| JEL: | Q23 Q24 Q57 R14 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31873&r=env |
| By: | Lingshan Xie; Stanimira Milcheva |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the role of local greenness in attracting ESG capital into infrastructure deals in the US. Local greenness refers to state-level policies and incentives to increase energy efficiency, local capabilities to develop green assets, and local citizen’s green ideology. We identify ESG investors as infrastructure private equity (PE) fund management firms who have signed the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment (UN PRI). We find that in states with higher greenness, ESG PE investors are more likely to be involved in an infrastructure deal. We show that green policies and incentives contribute to a boost in green capabilities and green ideology thus reducing political and regulatory risk for ESG investors interested in low-risk-low-return way of “greenifying” their portfolio. |
| Keywords: | ESG investors; infrastructure private equity funds; local greenness |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_264&r=env |
| By: | Petreski, Aleksandar (Jönköping International Business School); Schäfer, Dorothea (DIW Berlin &, Jönköping International Business School); Stephan, Andreas (Linnaeus University) |
| Abstract: | This study explores the effect of frequent green bond issuance on a firm’s financing costs. Using a sample of listed Swedish real estate companies issuing in total 1, 074 bonds over the period from 2011 to 2021, difference-in-difference analyses and instrumental variable estimations are applied to identify the causal impact of frequent green vis-à-vis frequent non-green bond issuing on a firm’s cost of capital and credit rating. The paper argues that repetitive issuance lowers a firm’s cost of capital, while the effects of first or one-time green bond issuance are the opposite. In line with the reputation capital hypothesis, issuing green bonds even lowers the firm’s cost of equity capital, while issuing non-green bonds does not affect the cost of equity. |
| Keywords: | bond issuance; green debt; reputation capital; sustainability; ESG |
| JEL: | G32 R30 R32 |
| Date: | 2023–11–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cesisp:0493&r=env |
| By: | Joseph Ikechukwu Uduji (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Elda Nduka Okolo-Obasi (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Justitia Odinaka Nnabuko (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Geraldine Egondu Ugwuonah (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Josaphat Uchechukwu Onwumere (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | This paper critically examines the multinational oil companies' (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of the global memorandum of understanding (GMoU) on addressing inequalities and empowering women for sustainable ecosystem management in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The paper adopts a survey research technique, aimed at gathering information from a representative sample of the population, as it is essentially cross-sectional, describing and interpreting the current situation. A total of 768 women respondents were sampled across the rural areas of the Niger Delta region. Results from the use of logistic regression model indicate that despite women’s unique and important responsibilities in the use and management of natural resources, women are typically less involved in the formal governance processes, resulting in their interests, goals, knowledge and capabilities being both under-represented and under-utilized. It also shows that the MOCs’ CSR using GMoU model has recorded significant success in addressing gender inequalities and enhancing the capacity of the rural women in natural resources and ecosystem management. The finding suggests that if the MOCs’ CSR targeted at addressing gender issue is increased by one unit, the odd ratio is almost 13 times as high. This implies that addressing gender –related barriers and challenges and championing equitable natural resource governance leads to better livelihoods outcomes. It concludes that business has an obligation to help in solving problems of public concern. |
| Keywords: | Gender, natural resource management, corporate social responsibility, multinational oil companies, sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:23/069&r=env |
| By: | Céline Vial (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, IFCE - Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]); Camille Eslan (FFE - Fédération Française d'Equitation, UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, IFCE - Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]) |
| Abstract: | De nombreux pratiquants d'équitation quittent les structures professionnelles pour s'auto-organiser, seuls ou à plusieurs. Il est nécessaire de mieux connaître ces usagers « hors structure » afin de répondre aux enjeux sanitaires, sécuritaires, réglementaires, économiques, sociaux et environnementaux qui leurs sont liés. Ainsi, plusieurs fiches sur le thème général du « hors structure », issues de travaux de recherche financés par la FFE, l'IFCE et l'INRAE, présenteront ces différents enjeux. Cette présente fiche aborde le sous-thème des activités pratiquées par ces usagers et leurs types d'organisation. |
| Keywords: | Equitation, Loisir équestre, Auto-organisation, Hors structure |
| Date: | 2023–11–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04291796&r=env |
| By: | Vikas Soni |
| Abstract: | I study the impact of sea level rise (SLR) on commercial real estate (CRE) pricing and commercial lending. Using novel property level sale transactions from 2011-2018, I find that commercial properties exposed to a 6-feet sea level rise are sold at a 6% discount. This discount appears to be driven by local buyers and buyers’ brokers that are more sensitive to climate risks. In addition, discount significantly rises after an extreme hurricane, suggesting that salient risk impact pricing. Likewise, lenders require higher down payments for properties exposed to SLR, and this requirement is amplified following an extreme hurricane. These findings suggest that commercial real estate investors and banks are becoming more cognizant of the risks posed by sea level rise. |
| Keywords: | Climate Finance; Commercial Loans; commercial real estate; Seal Level Rise |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_347&r=env |
| By: | Sylvain B. Ngassam (Dschang, Cameroon); Simplice A. Asongu (Johannesburg, South Africa); Gildas T. Ngueuleweu (Dschang, Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | Despite a growing literature on the natural resource curse, existing studies are sparse on how real effective exchange rate, political stability and corruption shape the relationship between natural resources and tourism revenues. This study analyses both the direct and indirect effects of natural resources on tourism revenues using a panel 95 countries around the world from 1996 to 2018. First, our results indicate that natural resource dependence negatively impacts tourism revenues. Second, above certain thresholds, natural resources curse the tourism sector through the corruption of exchange rate. These results motivate recommendations aimed at maintaining political stability, reducing cumbersome regulations of tourism activities that generate corruption and the adoption of appropriate exchange rate regime is recommended but this requires further studies. |
| Keywords: | Corruption, Dutch diseases, natural resource, political stability, tourism revenues |
| JEL: | Q34 P28 L84 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:23/067&r=env |
| By: | Oliver Zain Hannaoui; Hyeyoon Jung; João A. C. Santos; Lee Seltzer |
| Abstract: | The intensity, duration, and frequency of flooding have increased over the past few decades. According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 99 percent of U.S. counties have been impacted by a flooding event since 1999. As the frequency of flood events continues to increase, the number of people, buildings, and agriculture exposed to flood risk is only likely to grow. As a previous post points out, measuring the geographical accuracy of such risk is important and may impact bank lending. In this post, we focus on the distribution of flood risk within the Federal Reserve’s Second District and examine its effect on establishment location decisions over the last two decades. |
| Keywords: | climate risk; flood risk; firm location |
| JEL: | G3 Q54 R10 |
| Date: | 2023–11–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednls:97304&r=env |
| By: | Valdivia Coria, Joab Dan; Pareja Marín, Caroline Andrea |
| Abstract: | La investigación analiza los efectos de los fenómenos climáticos extremos registrados en El Niño-Oscilación del Sur (ENOS) en la producción agrícola y el PIB agrícola de Bolivia. Los resultados muestran que condiciones atmosféricas adversas tienen un efecto negativo en el desempeño del PIB Agrícola, una pérdida de 1, 2pp y 0, 39pp, en la tasa de crecimiento del PIB de Productos Agrícolas No Industriales e Industriales, respectivamente. El escenario contra-factual estimado muestra que en ausencia de eventos climáticos, el PIB Agrícola de Bolivia perdió Bs66.301 millones entre 1991 y 2022 |
| Keywords: | El Niño-Oscilación del Sur (ENOS), PIB Agrícola, Cuasi-Correlaciones cruzadas, Cuantilogramas Cruzados, Datos de Panel, Contrafactual |
| JEL: | C19 C33 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119069&r=env |
| By: | Jean Dubé; Sotirios Thanos |
| Abstract: | A fine spatial scale is essential to the widely applied omitted variable bias (OVB) treatment of small-area fixed-effects (FEs) in Hedonic Pricing (HP). However, environmental amenity valuation is subsumed into the FEs when amenities vary at a coarser spatial scale. To recover amenity valuation while retaining the OVB treatment, we derive a novel “Differenced-Price-Peers” (DPP) specification by integrating HP and the prices and attributes of spatiotemporal peers. The close equivalence between small-area-FE-HP and DPP for spatial OVB treatment and amenity capitalization is demonstrated in a rich data context for the distance to the city center. Further evidence shows DPP to successfully recover aviation noise capitalization in a context of sparse housing data and anisotropic noise pollution where small-area-fixed-effects-HP fails. The noise discount of house prices is -0.71% per decibel in DPP, which is about 70% higher than the magnitude of the non-FEs HP suggesting potential undervaluation due to spatial OVB. |
| Keywords: | aviation noise; Hedonic Pricing; Nearest Neighbors; Omitted Variable Bias |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_70&r=env |
| By: | Glitscher, Wolfgang |
| Abstract: | Re-Manufacturing and Sustainable Manufacturing requires innovation in Project Management. Delivery in closed systems must be expanded in the direction of sustainable processes. This requires enhanced methodologies for both project managers and business leaders. Strategic decisions in the direction of developing sustainable processes must be developed and implemented organizationally through close cooperation. A strategic-organizational approach is being discussed that is intended to make this possible. This will be discussed on the basis of two case studies for re-manufacturing and sustainable manufacturing for automotive and plant engineering. This project management enables a long-term orientation for the closure of product life cycles under the aspects of the ESG's and the SDG's for resource conservation and reuse. New business models can thus be implemented in the long term. Project Management for the Next7G. |
| Date: | 2023–07–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:hmqea&r=env |
| By: | Proestou, Maria; Schulz, Nicolai; Feindt, Peter |
| Abstract: | Policies to promote the transition from carbon-based to bio-based economies are proliferating around the globe. Meanwhile, concerns are growing about the resilience of bioeconomy, but the attention given to resilience issues in bioeconomy policies has remained underexplored. To address this gap, we conduct a systematic content analysis of the resilience orientation in 78 bioeconomy policy documents across 50 countries. Our descriptive statistical analyses show that more than 60 per cent of the average policy text concerns resilience-related goals or instruments, driven particularly by adaptability and transformability considerations. Our explorative correlational analysis indicates that policy design spac-es characterized by political openness, economic wealth, high arable land shares, low export shares, and limited oil rents might be conducive to high resilience orientation. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of resilience concepts in global bioeconomy policy making. |
| Date: | 2023–11–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:5xzwf&r=env |
| By: | Sylvain Zeghni (LVMT - Laboratoire Ville, Mobilité, Transport - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Gustave Eiffel); Nathalie Fabry (DICEN-IDF - Dispositifs d'Information et de Communication à l'Ère du Numérique - Paris Île-de-France - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université - Université Gustave Eiffel) |
| Keywords: | Information durable, Décarbonation, Gaz à effet de serre |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04284996&r=env |
| By: | Bonan, Jacopo; Cattaneo, Cristina; D'Adda, Giovanna; Tavoni, Massimo |
| Abstract: | Decisions with significant and long-lasting consequences can be influenced by conditions at the moment of choice, such as weather. Using administrative data from an online retailer, we examine whether temperature and other weather variables affect the search and purchase of energy-using durables, namely, air conditioners (ACs) and dryers. We observe more sales of ACs on hot days and fewer sales of dryers on hot, windy days. We find no impact for appliances whose usefulness is not affected by the weather. For AC, weather-induced searches and purchases are in lower-efficiency energy classes. Product search data allow us to look into the process leading up to purchase. Prospective AC buyers search less intensively when the temperature is higher, and the opposite holds for buyers of dryers when temperature and wind speed increase. Models of memory and attention can explain these behavioral patterns. Understanding these dynamics is important for designing energy-efficiency policies, given the energy needs of cooling technologies and their increased demand and usefulness in a rapidly warming world. |
| Date: | 2023–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-23-43&r=env |
| By: | Fabisik, Kornelia; Ryf, Michael; Schäfer, Larissa; Steffen, Sascha |
| Abstract: | We study the effect of changes in firms’ ESG ratings on the cost of debt of U.S. firms using a methodology change of an ESG rating provider. We find that loan spreads of downgraded ESG-rated firms in the secondary corporate loan market increase by about 10% compared to non-downgraded ESG-rated firms after the methodology change. The effect of ESG rating downgrades is not driven by the increase in the fundamental default risk of firms but rather by the premium charged by investors above the spread for default risk. The effect is stronger for firms that are more financially constrained, firms that are more exposed to ESG and, particularly, climate risk concerns as well as firms that are more held by climate-concerned lenders. We show that also loan spreads of private (unrated) firms in industries affected by ESG rating downgrades increase after the methodology change. JEL Classification: E44, G20, G24 |
| Keywords: | climate finance, ESG ratings, loan spreads, private firms |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20232878&r=env |
| By: | Luigi Viola (University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, Brazil); Saeed Nordin (KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden); Daniel Dotta (University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, Brazil); Mohammad Reza Hesamzadeh (KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden); Ross Baldick (University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA); Damian Flynn (University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland) |
| Abstract: | The expansion of variable generation has driven a transition toward a 100\% non-fossil power system. New system needs are challenging system stability and suggesting the need for a redesign of the ancillary service (AS) markets. This paper presents a comprehensive and broad review for industrial practitioners and academic researchers regarding the challenges and potential solutions to accommodate high shares of variable renewable energy (VRE) generation levels. We detail the main drivers enabling the energy transition and facilitating the provision of ASs. A systematic review of the United States and European AS markets is conducted. We clearly organize the main ASs in a standard taxonomy, identifying current practices and initiatives to support the increasing VRE share. Furthermore, we envision the future of modern AS markets, proposing potential solutions for some remaining fundamental technical and market design challenges. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2311.02090&r=env |
| By: | Lusher, Lester (University of Pittsburgh); Ruberg, Tim (University of Hohenheim) |
| Abstract: | In 2020, Japan introduced a comprehensive heat-health warning system where daily alerts were issued by region when forecasted wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) exceeded a threshold (33 °C). Utilizing plausibly exogenous region-day variation in the difference between actual and forecasted WBGT (i.e. forecasting errors), we find that the alerts led to a large and precisely estimated increase in heat stroke counts. Paired with data from Google Trends, Google Mobility Reports, and the population of ambulance records, we identify potential mechanisms, including increased reporting of heat stroke cases and "adverse" behavioral responses (e.g. people spending more time outdoors) when alerts were issued, while ruling out potential substitution in health diagnoses away from other sudden illnesses. |
| Keywords: | heat stroke, climate change, warning effectiveness, avoidance behavior |
| JEL: | D90 I12 I18 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16562&r=env |
| By: | Shibly Shahrier; Koji Kotani; Tatsuyoshi Saijo |
| Abstract: | We examine whether the future ahead and back (FAB) mechanism improves intergenerational sustainability (IS) in competitive societies, conducting lab-in-the-field experiments of IS dilemma games. In baseline, each generation of three members in a lineup decides between maintaining IS (sustainable option) and prioritizing their payoff by imposing costs on subsequent generations (unsustainable option). In FAB, members in each generation first role-play those in the next generation, requesting what they want the current generation to choose. Second, they decide between two options as the current generation. Results demonstrate that FAB enhances IS, changing generations of proself people to choose sustainable options. |
| Keywords: | Intergenerational, sustainability dilemma, proself people, future ahead and back mechanism |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kch:wpaper:sdes-2023-7&r=env |
| By: | Guy Meunier (inrae); Jean-Pierre Ponssard (CNRS) |
| Abstract: | The energy transition requires the deployment of risky research and development (R&D) programs, most of which are partially financed by public funding. Recent recovery plans, associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and the energy transition, increased the funding available to finance innovative low-carbon projects and call for an economic evaluation of their allocation. This paper analyzes the potential benefit of using repayable advance: a lump-sum payment to finance the project that is paid back in case of success. The relationship between the state and innovative firms is formalized in the principal agent framework. Investing in an innovative project requires an initial observable capital outlay. We introduce asymmetric information on the probability of success, which is known to the firm but not to the state agency. The outcome of the project, if successful, delivers a private benefit to the firm and an external social benefit to the state. In this context a repayable advance consists in rewarding failure. We prove that it is a superior strategy in the presence of pure adverse selection. We investigate under what conditions this result could be extended in the presence of moral hazard. Implications for green industrial policy are discussed. |
| Keywords: | green innovation, public financing, information structure, conditional schemes, |
| JEL: | O38 D25 D82 H25 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fae:wpaper:2023.04&r=env |
| By: | Erik Arnold; Caroline Paunov; Sandra Planes-Satorra; Sylvia Schwaag Serger; Luke Mackle |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses five innovation policy imperatives critical to achieving green and digital transitions: coordinated government, stakeholder engagement, policy agility and experimentation, directionality and support for breakthrough innovation. The paper provides policy examples from Germany, based on the OECD Review of Innovation Policy: Germany, and other countries to illustrate in what ways countries have addressed these imperatives. Overall, the quality and scale of these policy responses need to increase if transitions are to succeed. Open questions for future policy research are also highlighted. |
| Keywords: | agile policy, breakthrough innovation, country policy examples, digital transformation, digital transition, directionality, Germany, governance, green transition, innovation policy, policy experimentation, stakeholder engagement, STI policy |
| JEL: | O31 O33 O38 |
| Date: | 2023–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stiaac:162-en&r=env |
| By: | Sharofiddinov Husniddin; Moinul Islam; Koji Kotani |
| Abstract: | Land reforms have been reported to impact agriculture, economic performances and indicators of countries along with water users and allocations. However, little is known about how land fragmentation (consolidation) in land-reform processes affects water availability. This research investigates a question “how the number of water users is related with irrigation water allocation in land reforms, †hypothesizing that an increase in the number of water users through land fragmentation poses negative threats on the water allocation through a mediation of irrigation types. We conduct empirical analyses for irrigation water demand and availability, utilizing panel data for 25 years from 13 districts in Sugd province, Tajikistan. Two main results are obtained: First, the irrigated areas are main drivers that increase irrigation water demand in comparison to any other factors, and the impact by pump irrigated areas is approximately 1.6 times as large as that by gravity irrigated areas. Second, the increasing number of water users under land fragmentation in Tajikistan tends to reduce irrigation water availability, and the magnitude in reduction under pump irrigation is more significant than that under gravity irrigation. Overall, this research establishes that irrigations and the number of water users through land reforms matter for a change in the water allocation, and the interactions particularly pose the idiosyncratic threats on the irrigation water availability. Thus, it is advisable to reconsider ongoing land-reform policies considering possible negative externality of land fragmentation as well as irrigation for food security and water sustainability in agriculture. |
| Keywords: | Land reform, irrigation water, number of water users, pump irrigation, gravity irrigation |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kch:wpaper:sdes-2023-5&r=env |
| By: | Angstmann, Marius; Gärtner, Stefan; Angstmann, Marius |
| Abstract: | Zur Erreichung der Klimaschutzziele spielt der Gebäudesektor eine zentrale Rolle. - Der Fokus hierbei darf nicht allein auf Effizienz in der Nutzungsphase liegen. - Auch die Erstellung von Gebäuden trägt in hohem Maße zu CO2-Emissionen bei. - Ferner ist zu befürchten, dass neue Gebäude im Betrieb weniger effizient sind, als erwartet. - Hinzu kommen andere Nachteile des Bauens, wie Flächenversiegelung und zunehmende Verkehrsströme, wenn die Gebäude in nicht integrierten Ortslagen errichtet werden. - Daher stellen sich zwei Fragen: Wie kann Neubau reduziert werden? Wie kann Neubau weniger CO2-intensiv erfolgen? - So gilt es trotz technischer und organisatorischer Innovationen weniger zu bauen und weniger Wohn- und Arbeitsraum in Anspruch zu nehmen. |
| Keywords: | Ressourceneffizienz, Sekundärmaterialien, Bauwirtschaft, Abrissmoratorium, Bauwende |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iatfor:279705&r=env |
| By: | Anderson, Weston; Chiduwa, Mazvita; De Weerdt, Joachim; Diao, Xinshen; Duchoslav, Jan; Guo, Zhe; Kankwamba, Henry; Jamali, Andrew; Nagoli, Joseph; Thurlow, James; You, Liangzhi |
| Abstract: | El Niño is a phase in an irregular periodic variation in winds and sea surface temperatures over the Pacific Ocean. It occurs on average every 2 to 7 years and typically lasts between 9 months and 2 years. El Niño affects the global weather patterns, resulting in above-average precipitation in some places and droughts in others. Malawi and its neighbors typically experience drier than usual weather during El Niño, which often leads to poor growing conditions and below-average harvests. |
| Keywords: | MALAWI; SOUTHERN AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; El Niño; temperature; Pacific Ocean; weather; precipitation; drought; agriculture; food |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:masspn:51&r=env |
| By: | Sven Damen |
| Abstract: | Mandatory energy performance certification for buildings is increasingly used in many countries and is seen as a key policy instrument for reducing energy consumption. Despite the widespread use, empirical evidence on whether or not mandatory certification reduces residential energy consumption is nonexistent. I study the introduction of mandatory energy performance certificates since November 2008 in Flanders, Belgium. I find that houses that were sold after mandatory certification consume 6% less energy. The lower energy consumption is mainly due to lower expenditures on fossil fuels. The results are robust to a whole range of possible alternative explanations such as pre-trends and changes in energy prices or subsidies over time. |
| Keywords: | Energy Efficiency; mandatory energy performance certificates; residential energy consumption |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_16&r=env |
| By: | Blom, Angelica (Marketing and Strategy); Fors, Maja (Marketing and Strategy); Lange, Fredrik (Marketing and Strategy) |
| Abstract: | In this working paper we set out to investigate whether retailers can use targeted communication to encourage sustainable consumer behavior in online grocery retailing. More specifically, in two scenario-based experiments we explore if targeted communication can increase purchase intentions of sustainable food, if this effect can be explained by perceived relevance of the communication, as well as be moderated by customer sustainability knowledge and product category. The results from the two studies indicate that targeted communication might be more effective in encouraging sustainable purchase decisions for some product categories than others. However, the results from the two studies raise several questions. These can be seen as guidance for retailers and researchers interested in exploring targeted communication and its effects on sustainable consumer behavior further. |
| Keywords: | Sustainability; Retailing; Grocery Retailing; Purchase Intention; Targeted Communication |
| Date: | 2023–08–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhb:hastma:2023_002&r=env |
| By: | Kristian S. Blickle; Katherine Engelman; Theo Linnemann; João A. C. Santos |
| Abstract: | In our previous post, we identified the degree to which flood maps in the Federal Reserve’s Second District are inaccurate. In this post, we use our data on the accuracy of flood maps to examine how banks lend in “inaccurately mapped” areas, again focusing on the Second District in particular. We find that banks are seemingly aware of poor-quality flood maps and are generally less likely to lend in such regions, thereby demonstrating a degree of flood risk management or risk aversion. This propensity to avoid lending in inaccurately mapped areas can be seen in jumbo as well as non-jumbo loans, once we account for a series of confounding effects. The results for the Second District largely mirror those for the rest of the nation, with inaccuracies leading to similar reductions in lending, especially among non-jumbo loans. |
| Keywords: | FEMA; floods; flood insurance |
| JEL: | Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–11–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednls:97305&r=env |
| By: | Duthie, Mike; Ankel-Peters, Jörg; Mphasa, Carly; Bhat, Rashmi |
| Abstract: | High hopes are pinned to mini-grids for rural electrification, especially in remote and sparsely populated areas. This note presents new evidence from a large evaluation of a US Millennium Challenge Corporation investment into mini-grids in Indonesia. We find that, a few years after commissioning, many mini-grids in the program do not operate properly, corroborating older concerns about the sustainability of mini-grids and off-grid energy systems that have been voiced for several years. Operational costs are typically high and electricity demand low. Minigrid programs should take these structural challenges into account, and especially abstain from overly optimistic electricity demand projections. |
| Keywords: | Energy access, sustainability, infrastructure, mini-grids |
| JEL: | H54 O13 O21 Q48 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:279545&r=env |
| By: | Mathias Kraus (University of Erlangen-Nuremberg); Julia Bingler (University of Oxford); Markus Leippold (University of Zurich; Swiss Finance Institute); Tobias Schimanski (University of Zurich); Chiara Colesanti Senni (ETH Zürich; University of Zurich); Dominik Stammbach (ETH Zürich); Saeid Vaghefi (University of Zurich); Nicolas Webersinke (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg) |
| Abstract: | Large language models (LLMs) have significantly transformed the landscape of artificial intelligence by demonstrating their ability to generate human-like text across diverse topics. However, despite their impressive capabilities, LLMs lack recent information and often employ imprecise language, which can be detrimental in domains where accuracy is crucial, such as climate change. In this study, we make use of recent ideas to harness the potential of LLMs by viewing them as agents that access multiple sources, including databases containing recent and precise information about organizations, institutions, and companies. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through a prototype agent that retrieves emission data from ClimateWatch (https://www.climatewatchdata.org/) and leverages general Google search. By integrating these resources with LLMs, our approach overcomes the limitations associated with imprecise language and delivers more reliable and accurate information in the critical domain of climate change. This work paves the way for future advancements in LLMs and their application in domains where precision is of paramount importance. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2399&r=env |
| By: | Takeshima, Hiroyuki; Yamauchi, Futoshi; Balana, Bedru; Adeyanju, Dolapo; Edeh, Hyacinth; Kadjo, Didier; Liverpool-Tasie, Lenis Saweda; Abdoulaye, Tahirou; Yegbemey, Rosaine Nerice; Ayenan, Mathieu; Olanipekun, Caleb I. |
| Abstract: | Fruits & vegetable value chains (F&V VC) in Nigeria hold significant potential to continue toward sustainable, inclusive food system transformation. Domestic food system growth, including that of F&V, remains crucial in achieving a healthy food environment and serving as a source of various micronutrients. There is a need for bundles of innovations to address multiple challenges along F&V VC in Nigeria, characterized by a set of challenges that are unique to developing countries and F&V. V&F VC consists of many small actors, farmers, and traders, whereby limited vertical coordination can lead to significant efficiency loss along the value chain. Seasonal and temporal variations in supply-demand gaps for F&V commodities are substantial, and considerable scope exists for reducing losses and enhancing the overall efficiency of the domestic F&V sector. Policy environments are also favorable for such efforts, as the latest Agricultural Policy documents highlight the Nigerian government’s interest in modernizing F&V VC. Given the significant involvement of women and youths in the sector, F&V VC development has substantial potential to contribute to Nigeria's inclusive development of agrifood systems. The current domestic F&V VC in Nigeria suffers from various sets of problems. Access to quality seeds is limited due to the significant use of recycled seeds, limited supply, and high costs of certified seeds. Cooling practices are inefficient due to insufficient access to the grid and off-grid electricity, limited knowledge of intermediate cooling methods applicable at the farm gate, and constraining quality preservations at farm gate storage, during transportation, and storage at market premises. Processing is insufficient due to the high costs of processing equipment and limited knowledge of the construction and operation of simpler, less resource-dependent processing facilities, including drying of F&V commodities. Inappropriate packing, such as the use of Rafia baskets instead of Reusable Plastic Crates, which are commonly recognized, is still prevalent, potentially due to limited market coordination. Based on the stakeholder consultations, desk reviews, validation workshops, and availability of external resources, we identified the following as critical interventions to pilot various innovation bundles. Intervention #1 provides improved varieties and quality seeds, combined with agronomy training and certification, in northern Nigeria through the collaboration with East West Seeds and Wageningen University & Research. Intervention #2 provides off-grid cooling and cool transportation, including forced-air evaporative cooling units at farm clusters and the combination of small and large refrigerated trucks for local and longer-distance transportation, through the collaboration with ColdHubs and MIT-Lab. Intervention #3 introduces improved solar dryers and provides training on appropriate, hygienic processing methods, building, and utilization of these driers (possibly combined with the introduction of a business model), through the collaboration with World Vegetable Center and Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute. Intervention #4 provides plastic crates using various rental arrangements and improves market access for farmers through collaboration with private companies, including Bunkasa. Intervention #5 supplements interventions #1, #2, and #3 and provides improved information through certification and labeling. Lastly, Intervention #6 strengthens linkages between existing solar powered cold storages to supplement other interventions. |
| Keywords: | NIGERIA; WEST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; value chains; fruits; vegetables; sustainability; food systems; policies; markets; infrastructure |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:rtfmin:9&r=env |
| By: | Álvarez, César; Pucheta, Mauro; Bertranou, Camila |
| Abstract: | Los países de América Latina y el Caribe contribuyen al esfuerzo mundial para enfrentar los desafíos del cambio climático y avanzar hacia una economía descarbonizada, lo que implica un cambio estructural en las sociedades, las economías y el modelo productivo. Al tiempo que esto podría tener un gran impacto en el trabajo, también presenta oportunidades para la creación de empleos dignos y verdes. El enfoque de la transición justa en América Latina y el Caribe aún es novedoso, pero ha mostrado rápidos avances desde 2019. El debate y la forma de abordar el fenómeno de la transición justa difiere de manera significativa según los países y regiones que se tomen en consideración. A partir de la experiencia de la Unión Europea y algunos de sus Estados miembros, en este estudio se proporcionan instrumentos para abordar la transición hacia una economía de energía limpia en Chile y toda la región, a través de las lecciones aprendidas y de los desafíos propios de cada uno de los países estudiados. De este modo, el estudio se convierte en una herramienta práctica para dimensionar el cambio que conlleva la transición energética y el aseguramiento de decisiones orientadas a facilitar una transición justa y equilibrada en los territorios afectados. |
| Date: | 2023–10–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:68575&r=env |
| By: | Singh, Rajesh; Weninger, Quinn |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the bioeconomic performance of individual fishing quota (IFQ) regulations in multiple-species fisheries. In our model, a manager chooses the aggregate quotas under uncertainty over the true stock abundances of multiple, jointly-harvested fish species. Fishers conduct harvest operations under full knowledge of the species-specific productivities of their fishing gear. We derive the private profit maximizing mortalities and economic rent outcomes implemented by fishers under competing regulatory designs. We compare bioeconomic performance under an IFQ regulation with discretion over the mix of species that are harvested and an IFQ with rules that are imposed through a discard ban. Both regulations eliminate discards. Discretion reduces the information gap between the manager and fishers about uncertain stock abundances. Discretion better aligns fisher implemented outcomes with those preferred by management and raises expected fishery value. Incorporating discretion into regulatory designs provides new prospects for improving fisheries management. |
| Date: | 2023–11–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genstf:202311071438390000&r=env |
| By: | Roland Füss (University of St. Gallen, NTNU Business School, and Swiss Finance Institute); Kathleen Kürschner Rauck (University of St. Gallen; Swiss Finance Institute); Alois Weigand (University of St. Gallen) |
| Abstract: | We study how photovoltaic (PV) systems externally affect the prices of owner occupied houses and rents of residential dwellings. By creating a three-dimensional topographical model of Switzerland, we model each building’s view at surrounding PV installations and merge this data with housing price observations. In our hedonic difference-in-differences regressions, we provide evidence of how this view (impaired or unimpaired) on a PV system is associated with lower residential rents. This effect is stronger for the view at multiple PV systems rather than at a single one as well as in situations where seeing is more likely. However, price penalties are attenuated if rental dwellings have their own PV system or if neighboring properties have a view at comparably large PV systems which may benefit surrounding tenants in terms of electricity provision. Furthermore, by using municipal voting results on the Swiss Energy Act 2017 and the Swiss CO2 Act in 2021, we show how the attitude towards sustainability is driving the external effects of PV systems on rents. In contrast, we cannot document significant impacts of view on prices for owner-occupied housing. |
| Keywords: | Residential Real Estate; Rents; House Prices; Photovoltaic System; View |
| JEL: | Q40 R11 R32 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp23100&r=env |
| By: | Tijmen van Kempen; Sven Damen |
| Abstract: | Mandatory energy efficiency disclosure policies are increasingly being used by governments around the world to reduce information-driven market failures. We exploit two policy changes in Flanders to study the causal effect of mandatory energy efficiency disclosure policies on house prices. We find that the introduction of mandatory energy performance certificates in 2008 that include an energy efficiency score did not affect the association between energy efficiency and sales prices, indicating that the policy change did not reduce information frictions. However, the introduction of EPC labels in 2019 affected the willingness to pay for energy efficiency. |
| Keywords: | Energy Consumption; energy performance certificates; Information Asymmetry |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_252&r=env |
| By: | Lisette Ibanez (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Sébastien Roussel (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | les auteurs se sont demandé si le fait de favoriser la connexion à la nature pourrait stimuler le sentiment d'appartenance à la biosphère, et inciter les individus à être plus enclins à protéger l'environnement. Le cas échéant, cela constituerait une stratégie efficace et peu coûteuse. Ils ont donc étudié l'impact potentiel d'une exposition virtuelle à la nature (via le visionnage d'une vidéo) sur les comportements pro-environnementaux. |
| Keywords: | Comportement pro-environnemental |
| Date: | 2023–10–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04256107&r=env |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | En el actual contexto de cambio global y crisis hídrica, la desalinización ha surgido como una solución para abastecer de agua a la industria minera ubicada en zonas de sequía, como es el caso de Chile y el Perú. Ante el creciente interés por instalar este tipo de industrias en las costas de estos y otros países de América Latina, se hace necesario comprender las ventajas y desventajas de este tipo de procesos, especialmente desde una perspectiva socioecológica, debido a la falta de consenso frente a sus potenciales efectos en el ambiente y las comunidades locales. El presente estudio ofrece una visión general del funcionamiento y la aplicación de las desalinizadoras, así como un análisis de sus potenciales efectos en los ecosistemas y paisajes costeros, tomando la situación de Chile como caso de estudio. Los resultados muestran la escasa información científica concluyente que existe a nivel local, así como la falta de regulación y legislación específica para el uso del agua de mar en el país. Se espera de este modo brindar insumos a los responsables de la toma de decisiones antes de que se masifique la instalación de desalinizadoras en las costas de Chile y otros países de la región. |
| Date: | 2023–09–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:68019&r=env |
| By: | Tomohiro Uchiyama |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we study a neoclassical growth model with a (productivity inhibiting) pollution effect. In particular, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a topological chaos. We investigate how the condition changes as the strength of the pollution effect changes. This is a new application of a recent result characterising the existence of a topological chaos for a unimodal interval map by Deng, Khan, Mitra (2022). |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2311.03594&r=env |
| By: | Kurt R. Brekke (Norwegian School of Economics (NHH), Department of Economics,); Odd Rune Straume (NIPE/Center for Research in Economics and Management, University of Minho, Portugal; and Department of Economics, University of Bergen, Norway); Lars Sørgard (Norwegian School of Economics (NHH), Department of Economics, Helleveien 30, 5045 Bergen, Norway; and Centre for Applied Research at NHH) |
| Abstract: | Energy markets are undergoing a radical shift towards renewable energy and network integration. We study the effects of integrating regions with storable (hydro) and intermittent (wind) energy sources in the presence of market power. Based on a two-period model with price fluctuations in the wind power region and bottlenecks in transmission of energy between regions, we show that a dominant firm (facing a competitive fringe) has an incentive to reallocate more hydropower production to the low-price period in order to induce higher prices in the high-price period. This incentive might be so strong that the bottleneck in the low-price period is removed and the two regions become de facto integrated. Paradoxically, we find that higher hydropower production capacity and/or larger transmission capacity can lead to higher (average) prices in the hydropower region due to the strategic responses by the dominant firm. Moreover, we find that the presence of market power in many cases enables the dominant firm to appropriate a larger share of the surplus from trade without harming domestic consumers, implying that stronger competition in the hydropower region might not be welfare improving. |
| Keywords: | Hydropower, trade, market power |
| JEL: | L13 L94 Q41 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nip:nipewp:10/2023&r=env |
| By: | Anne Fournier |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eru:erudwp:wp23-09&r=env |
| By: | Fischer, Andreas; Küper, Malte |
| Abstract: | Die EU setzt mit dem Net-Zero Industry Act (NZIA) den Rahmen für die Förderung grüner Technologien und gibt Zielmarken für die europäische Produktion solcher Anlagen aus. Während die EU-Pläne auch für den deutschen Anlagenbau große Potenziale versprechen, ist bisher noch unklar, wie diese Ziele bis 2030 erreicht werden sollen. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwkkur:279685&r=env |
| By: | Wu, Zhenshu (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management) |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiutis:fe6f9604-d0c5-46f3-9492-f358ba2f5787&r=env |