|
on Environmental Economics |
|
Issue of 2023‒11‒20
ninety-one papers chosen by Francisco S. Ramos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
| By: | Marini, A. Marco; Nocito, Samuel |
| Abstract: | We investigate whether climate activism favors pro-environmental consumption by examining the impact of Fridays for Future (FFF) protests in Italy on second-hand automobile transactions in the strike-affected areas. Leveraging data on 10 million automobile transactions occurring before and after FFF, we exploit rainfall on the day of the events as exogenous source of attendance variation. Our findings reveal that local participation to the events is associated with a reduction in the per capita CO2 emissions of purchased cars, an uptick in the market share of low-emission vehicles and a corresponding decrease in the market share of high-emission counterparts. Notably, we uncover heterogeneous effects across gender and age groups. Results are primarily driven by a rise in the purchase of petrol cars, with electric cars contributing to a lesser extent, thereby displacing the demand for diesel vehicles. This evidence indicates substitution effects between goods prospectively subject to more stringent environmental regulations toward those obeying milder restrictions. The study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying individuals’ consumption choices under the influence of social protests. |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023–11–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:338816&r=env |
| By: | Kumbhakar, Subal C.; Badunenko, Oleg; Willox, Michael |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the impact of British Columbia’s carbon tax on manufacturers’ economic and environmental performance in a unified modeling framework that allows for making critical distinctions between efficiency, technical change, and total factor productivity as performance measures. In contrast to most papers that examine environmental policy impacts on either the economy or the environment, our approach combines a by-production model within a stochastic frontier framework to evaluate the tax’s impacts on both economic and environmental efficiency. Our findings suggest that a 1.0% increase in the carbon tax improved manufacturers’ efficiency in producing desirable output (real sales of manufactured goods) by 0.5%. In addition, the same 1.0% increase in the carbon tax improved manufacturers’ environmental efficiency for greenhouse gas (GHGs) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by the same amount, 0.2%. However, the carbon tax led to lower environmental efficiency for emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), -0.3%. In addition, our use of a rich plant-level dataset reveals considerable heterogeneity in manufacturers’ efficiency responses to the tax. Finally, we suggest that lower efficiency levels for undesirable outputs than desirable outputs indicate that the relative cost of adjusting production processes to improve efficiency favors economic efficiency over environmental efficiency |
| Keywords: | Efficiency; Carbon tax; Stochastic frontier model; By-production model |
| JEL: | D24 Q51 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:118907&r=env |
| By: | Taipeng LI; Lorenzo Trimarchi; Rui XIE; Guohao YANG |
| Abstract: | We analyze the impact of a rise in protectionism on environmental regulation. Using the 2018 US-China trade war as a quasi-natural experiment, we find that higher exposure to tariffs leads to less stringent regulation targets in China, increasing air pollution and carbon emissions. Politically motivated changes in environmental policies rationalize our results: the central government and local party secretaries relax environmental regulations to mitigate the negative consequences of tariffs for polluting industries. We find heterogeneous effects depending on politicians' characteristics: younger, recently appointed, and more connected local politicians are more likely to ease environmental regulation. This policy reaction benefits politicians: prefectures with the most considerable easing in environmental regulation manage to curb the negative economic consequences of the trade war, while their mayors have a relatively larger probability of promotion. This paper presents the first empirical evidence of political incentives to manipulate environmental regulation to curb negative economic shocks. |
| Keywords: | Political Cycles, Environmental Regulation, Trade Protection, US-China Trade War |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eca:wpaper:2013/364362&r=env |
| By: | Heather Anderson; Jiti Gao; Farshid Vahid; Wei Wei; Yang Yang |
| Abstract: | Global mean surface temperature has been increasing in response to growing greenhouse gas concentrations (IPCC, 2021). While Earth is getting warmer overall, regions that differ in local geographical features experience unequal increases in temperature. In this paper, we develop a dynamic varying-coefficient panel data model and use it to measure regional climate sensitivity, defined as the increase in temperature in that region, following a doubling of CO2 concentration. The inference method proposed in this paper is capable of accommodating heterogeneous co-integrating relationships between global and local variables, and it allows comoving climate time series to possess both stochastic and deterministic trending components. Using observational data of mean surface temperatures, solar radiation, and carbon dioxide concentrations between 1959-2017, our model provides an estimate of a 3.7C increase for average climate sensitivity. Moreover, our estimates indicate that high-latitude regions in the Northern Hemisphere are most vulnerable to global warming. |
| Keywords: | climate sensitivity, dynamic panel, varying-coefficient model, cointegration |
| JEL: | C22 C53 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:msh:ebswps:2023-7&r=env |
| By: | Michael Barnett; William Brock; Lars Peter Hansen; Ruimeng Hu; Joseph Huang |
| Abstract: | We study the implications of model uncertainty in a climate-economics framework with three types of capital: "dirty" capital that produces carbon emissions when used for production, "clean" capital that generates no emissions but is initially less productive than dirty capital, and knowledge capital that increases with R\&D investment and leads to technological innovation in green sector productivity. To solve our high-dimensional, non-linear model framework we implement a neural-network-based global solution method. We show there are first-order impacts of model uncertainty on optimal decisions and social valuations in our integrated climate-economic-innovation framework. Accounting for interconnected uncertainty over climate dynamics, economic damages from climate change, and the arrival of a green technological change leads to substantial adjustments to investment in the different capital types in anticipation of technological change and the revelation of climate damage severity. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2310.13200&r=env |
| By: | Rachel Glennerster (University of Chicago); Seema Jayachandran (Princeton University) |
| Abstract: | Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions are a global public good, which makes it efficient to act globally when addressing this challenge. We lay out several reasons that high-income countries seeking to mitigate climate change might have greater impact if they invest their resources in opportunities in low- and middle-income countries. Specifically, some of the easiest and cheapest options have already been tapped in high-income countries, land and labor costs are lower in low- and middle-income countries, it is cheaper to build green than to retrofit green, and global targeting matters in integrated economies. We also discuss economic counterarguments such as the challenge of monitoring emissions levels in low and middle-income countries, ethical considerations, the importance of not double counting mitigation funding as development aid, and policy steps that might help to realize this opportunity. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, mitigation, Paris Agreement, greenhouse gas emissions |
| JEL: | F18 O13 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pri:cepsud:313&r=env |
| By: | Jeonghyun Chung; Michael Cusumano; Dongshin Kim; Abraham Park |
| Abstract: | According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the real estate sector is associated with about 39% of national total energy consumption, with an attendant share of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. To support sustainability in the built environment, those certified under platforms such as LEED, BREEAM, Energy Star, Green Star, and CAL-Green, purport to promote responsible environmental design in reducing scarce resource consumption. In the past, lack of access to actual energy consumption data, especially in the multi-family housing sector, has hindered efforts to determine the true effectiveness of sustainability designs and certifications. This research investigates the effectiveness of LEED and CAL-Green certifications in California by analyzing actual energy consumption data from large scale sustainably designed housing developments that have been built under LEED and/or CAL-Green design criteria and comparing them to a benchmark set of non-sustainably designed housing projects in the same general geographic location. Under California Assembly Bill AB 802, California is the first state in the US with a benchmarking program that requires the reporting of energy consumption for certain large size multi-family housing projects starting in 2019. The benchmark energy data provides the total annual carbon dioxide associated with building operations on a square foot basis when the consumption of all fuel sources is accounted for. The benchmark data provides approximately 7, 092 multifamily buildings’ energy emission information from 2019 to 2021 and the sum of gas and energy usage level per square footage of building size (total greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity) is our key variable of interest. We additionally use the United States Green Building Council (USGBC) data to identify whether or not a building is LEED-certified. USGBC provides the LEED certified building information such as LEED application date, LEED certified status (approved or not), LEED class (Platinum, Gold, Silver, Certified), building address, building type, building size, and built year. There are 670 LEED-certified multifamily and multifamily affordable housing projects in the state of California. However, 113 buildings are classified as confidential, which does not provide any property information other than LEED-certified status. While benchmark data provides data at a project level, USGBC provides data at the building level: one project can have multiple buildings (e.g., Building A, Building B). Thus, we sort the USGBC LEED data using building address and key property characteristics to bundle buildings to project level. Specifically, we assume that buildings are identified as the same project if building’s project name, zip code, and LEED-certified level (Platinum, Gold, Silver, Certified) are the same. After cleaning the data, we find 298 unique projects that are LEED certified, of which 101 projects are matched with the benchmark data using project name, address, and building characteristics. The results from our empirical examinations show that LEED buildings do not produce significantly lower levels of GHG emissions compared to non-LEED buildings. More interestingly, we find that LEED buildings generate 17.30 to 20.81% higher levels GHG emissions than non-LEED buildings during post-Cal-Green period (from year 2015). These results are robust even after considering the occupancy rates (stabilization period). We also propensity-score match the data between LEED and non-LEED and the results are still consistent. On the other hand, Cal-Green is effective in reducing the GHG emissions by 7.16% to 7.88% compared to pre Cal-Green period. In addition, we find that smaller buildings consume considerably more energy and emit more greenhouse gas per square foot than larger buildings. The final consideration from this research is that to achieve the Net–Zero greenhouse gas emissions that California and the world has targeted, the building industry and the regulators must reexamine and improve the design standards for built environments. |
| Keywords: | Green House Gas; LEED; Multifamily; Sustainable Design |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_128&r=env |
| By: | Richard S.J. Tol (Department of Economics, University of Sussex, BN1 9SL Falmer, United Kingdom) |
| Abstract: | Stringent climate policy compatible with the targets of the 2015 Paris Agreement would pose a substantial fiscal challenge. Reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 95% or more by 2050 would raise 7% (1-17%) of GDP in carbon tax revenue, half of current, global tax revenue. Revenues are relatively larger in poorer regions. Subsidies for carbon dioxide sequestration would amount to 6.6% (0.3-7.1%) of GDP. These numbers are conservative as they were estimated using models that assume first-best climate policy implementation and ignore the costs of raising revenue. The fiscal challenge rapidly shrinks if emission targets are relaxed. |
| Keywords: | climate policy |
| JEL: | O44 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sus:susewp:0523&r=env |
| By: | Andrée De Serres; Hélène Sicotte; Cynthia Aubert |
| Abstract: | Sustainable development, the fight against climate change and the protection of biodiversity have become essential considerations in all the different business sectors. They particularly affect the construction and real estate sectors, which contribute to nearly 38% of all global carbon dioxide emissions (UNEP, 2023). Sustainable development has been transposed to real estate by the concept of sustainable or green building. Property asset managers must therefore adopt effective practices to comply with good sustainable building practices and to manage the social, economic, and environmental impacts generated by their buildings. Green building literature provides a clear framework on the range of practices, indicators, measures, and methods to assess the sustainable performance of a building (Nilashi et al. 2015; Zhao et al., 2019). However, scientific literature makes few distinctions between private and public sector buildings (Baird et al., 2022). The purpose of this research is to paint a portrait of the practices used in 2022 by public sector property asset managers in Quebec, who are essential stakeholders to be mobilized to succeed in the transition to more sustainable buildings. They are indeed major owners of real estate portfolios, and they are called upon to demonstrate the State’s exemplarity. Some 88 public sector property asset managers responded to a survey of 188 questions distributed in Quebec between December 2021 and March 2022 relating to: (1) the description of their organization and their real estate portfolio; (2) the practices operationalized by their organization in property management; (3) the practices to manage environmental impacts and (4) the practices to manage social impacts. The analysis of the responses to the survey shows that respondents consider themselves effective in terms of managing internal risks relating to their buildings without, however, concretely considering the impacts they generate on external stakeholders. Waste, water, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions management practices are given more priority than energy management practices. This is explained by the low cost of hydroelectricity in Quebec. These environmental impact management practices are, however, supplanted by the interest in practices for managing the health, safety, comfort, and well-being of internal building stakeholders, which can be explained by the consequences resulting from the COVID-19 crisis. To perform better, respondents point out that they would need training in sustainable building management and budgetary resources, particularly for the maintenance and upkeep of their assets. The sustainable development objectives pursued by the organizations of the respondents still need to be integrated into the contracts with the various suppliers. Finally, the fight against climate change and the development of resilience to natural disasters are not or hardly integrated into the management of their operations. This research could be replicated in different parts of the world to compare these practices with those used in Quebec. It could also be taken up in Quebec to analyze the evolution in time of sustainable institutional building management practices. |
| Keywords: | Institutional buildings; Management of social, economic, and environmental impacts; Public sector property asset management; Sustainable building management practices |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_97&r=env |
| By: | Jayathilake, Nilanthi (International Water Management Institute); Aheeyar, Mohamed (International Water Management Institute); Drechsel, Pay (International Water Management Institute); Bucatariu, C. |
| Keywords: | Food waste; Wholesale markets; Households; Quantitative analysis; Waste management; Food service; Food losses; Waste reduction; Urban wastes; Solid wastes; Waste collection; Landfills; Recycling; Policies; Strategies; Feeds; Local authorities; Municipal governments; Social impact; Environmental impact; Sustainable Development Goals; Case studies |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052087&r=env |
| By: | Raymond Fisman; Pulak Ghosh; Arkodipta Sarkar; Jian Zhang |
| Abstract: | We study exposure to pollution information and investment portfolio allocations, exploiting the rollout of air quality monitoring stations in India. Using a triple-differences framework, we show that retail investors' investments in "brown" stocks are negatively related to local air pollution after a monitoring station appears nearby, with particularly pronounced effects on ``alert'' dates when air quality is listed as harmful to the general population. The effect of pollution information on investment choices is most prominent amongst tech-savvy investors who are most plausibly "treated" by real-time pollution data, and by younger investors who tend to be more sensitive to environmental concerns. Overall, our results provide micro-level support for the view that salience of environmental conditions affect investors' tastes for green investments, and preferences for environmental amenities more generally. |
| JEL: | D91 G11 G41 Q51 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31813&r=env |
| By: | Nhamo, L.; Mpandeli, S.; Mabhaudhi, Tafadzwanashe (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Urbanization; Resilience; Sustainability; Nexus approaches; Sustainable Development Goals; Goal 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities; Circular economy; Climate change adaptation |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052081&r=env |
| By: | Benedict Clements; Sanjeev Gupta; João Jalles; Bernat Adrogue |
| Abstract: | Climate change is a systemic risk to the global economy. While there is a large body of literature documenting the potential economic consequences of climate change, there is relatively little research on the link between vulnerabilities to climate change, the buildup of climate debt by countries with historically large carbon dioxide emissions, and how well financial markets incorporate (or not) these risks to sovereign governments. This paper investigates the impact of both climate debt and climate vulnerabiities/resiliency on sovereign bond yields and spreads in advanced and emerging market economies, using a novel dataset. We find that changes in climate debt are an important determinant of spreads, but only in emerging market economies. Countries with high vulnerabilities and low resilency to climate change also pay higher spreads. This implies a triple whammy of challenges for emerging market economies as they confront the economic damages of climate change, the high fiscal costs of climate adaptation, and high borrowing costs. |
| Keywords: | climate change vulnerability; government bond spreads; sovereign risk; panel data; social cost of carbon. |
| JEL: | C23 E21 H5 H63 H74 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:remwps:wp02952023&r=env |
| By: | Erik Frohm; Filippo Maria D’Arcangelo; Tobias Kruse; Mauro Pisu; Urban Sila |
| Abstract: | This paper provides empirical evidence on the short and long-term sectoral effect of environmental policy stringency on CO2 emissions, exploiting longitudinal data covering 30 OECD countries and more than 50 sectors. The analysis relies on the OECD Environmental Policy Stringency (EPS) index, a composite index tracking climate change and air pollution mitigation policies. Estimates obtained from panel regressions suggest that more stringent environmental policies are associated with lower emissions, that the effect builds over time and differs across sectors depending on their fossil fuel intensity. A one unit increase in the EPS index (about one standard deviation), is associated with 4% lower CO2 emissions in the sector with median fossil fuel intensity after two years and by 12% after 10 years. For sectors in the top decile of the fossil fuel intensity distribution, the estimates point to a decline in emissions by 11% after two years and 19% after ten years. Environmental policies targeted at energy, manufacturing and transport sectors have the largest potential impact on emissions. Illustrative policy scenarios based on these results indicate that achieving emission reductions consistent with net-zero targets will require raising the stringency of environmental policies more drastically and rapidly than in the past. |
| Keywords: | climate change, CO2 emissions, cross-country regression, Environmental Policy Stringency |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 C23 |
| Date: | 2023–11–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1773-en&r=env |
| By: | Juan David Alonso-Sanabria; Luis Fernando Melo-Velandia; Daniel Parra-Amado |
| Abstract: | Although greenhouse gas emissions from the Latin America (LAC) region are not particularly significant, climate change is a worldwide challenge. Hence, we analyze the main factors that increase and mitigate emissions in LAC countries by emphasising the importance of preserving and safeguarding forested regions. To do that, we estimate a Panel Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square model for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru by using a sample period between 1970 and 2018. We find that an increase of 1% in forested area leads to a reduction of CO2 (Kt per capita) emissions by 0.23 %. From the policy perspective, our findings draw attention towards the promotion of reforestation and afforestation initiatives. Furthermore, these long term policies will hold substantial significance, given the region’s immense potential, with more than a fifth of the world’s forest reserves. **** RESUMEN: Aunque las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de la región de América Latina (LAC) no son particularmente significativas, el cambio climático es un desafío mundial. En este documento analizamos los principales factores que aumentan y mitigan las emisiones en los países de LAC enfatizando la importancia de preservar y salvaguardar las áreas forestales. Para hacer eso, estimamos un modelo panel de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios completamente modificados para Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, México y Perú utilizando un período de muestra entre 1970 y 2018. Encontramos que un aumento de 1% en el área forestal conduce a una reducción de las emisiones de CO2 (Kt per cápita) en un 0, 23%. Desde la perspectiva de las políticas públicas, nuestros hallazgos llaman la atención hacia la promoción de iniciativas de reforestación y forestación. Además, estas políticas a largo plazo tendrían una importancia sustancial, dado el inmenso potencial de la región, con más de una quinta parte de las reservas forestales del mundo. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions, Forestry, Reforestation, Panel FMOLS, Emisiones de CO2, Áreas forestales, reforestación |
| JEL: | C33 Q23 Q56 E20 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdr:borrec:1254&r=env |
| By: | Matthew E. Kahn; John Matsusaka; Chong Shu |
| Abstract: | This paper studies whether green investors can influence corporate greenhouse gas emissions through capital markets, either by divesting their stock and limiting polluters’ access to capital, or holding polluters’ stock and engaging with management. We focus on public pension funds, classifying them as green or non-green based on which political party controlled the fund. To isolate the causal effects of green ownership, we use exogenous variation caused by state-level politics that shifted control of the funds and portfolio rebalancing in response to returns on non-equity investment. Our main finding is that companies reduced their greenhouse gas emissions when stock ownership by green funds increased and did not alter their emissions when ownership by non-green funds changed. We find evidence that ownership and constructive engagement was more effective than confrontational tactics such as voting or shareholder proposals. We do not find that companies with green investors were more likely to sell off their polluting facilities (greenwashing). Overall, our findings suggest that (a) corporate managers respond to the environmental preferences of their investors; (b) divestment in polluting companies may be counterproductive, leading to greater emissions; and (c) private markets may be able to address environmental challenges without explicit government regulation. |
| JEL: | G11 G12 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31791&r=env |
| By: | Basu, Parantap (Department of Economics, Durham University); Jamasb, Tooraj (Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School); Sen, Anupama (Smith School for Enterprise and the Environment, University of Oxford) |
| Abstract: | How can economies achieve economic growth without causing negative environmental externalities? There are two aspects to the long-standing debate on 'sustainable growth'. A first-best solution is for economies to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy sources, mitigating carbon emissions. A second-best solution is for economies to also adopt efficient waste management, recycling residual waste and pollutants (including hard-to-abate carbon) from production (circular economy). We establish a simple growth model that integrates three fundamental pillars of economics: (i) the net-zero carbon target in environmental economics (ii) the circular economy, dealing with waste management in resource economics, and (iii) sustainable growth, in growth economics. We argue that growth, circularity and net zero emissions present a trinity of solutions to the sustainable growth problem, showing that the circular economy is a necessary condition for achieving net zero. We show that an economy with 'active' environmental policy achieves net-zero faster than one with 'passive' policy, and also eliminates carbon. |
| Keywords: | Net zero; Growth; Circular economy; Pollution; Capital; Recycling |
| JEL: | O44 Q43 Q52 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–10–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cbsnow:2023_010&r=env |
| By: | Alvarado, Víctor; Tambutti, Marcia; Rankovic, Aleksandar |
| Abstract: | The severity of cascading global environmental, climate, economic, social and health crises is such that they sometimes seem insurmountable. ECLAC has therefore compiled a set of best practices, drawing from cases in Latin America and the Caribbean that can serve as models to promote comprehensive structural change and improve socioeconomic and environmental well-being. This study addresses challenges, opportunities and lessons learned as to how mainstreaming biodiversity in the agriculture, fisheries, forestry, financial, manufacturing, infrastructure and tourism sectors is a catalyst for the transition towards comprehensive development, in line with the 2030 Agenda, and a fundamental tool for the implementation of the new post-2020 global biodiversity framework. The cases, implemented at varying scales, in diverse ecosystems and with different approaches, show that the shift towards environmentally-friendly production and development patterns is under way in various sectors of the region and that initiatives can be replicated and scaled up. |
| Keywords: | DIVERSIDAD BIOLOGICA, AGENDA 2030 PARA EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, DESARROLLO ECONOMICO, SECTOR INDUSTRIAL, INSTITUCIONES FINANCIERAS, PRODUCTIVIDAD, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, INDUSTRIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, PRODUCTIVITY |
| Date: | 2022–12–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:48563&r=env |
| By: | André Tashi Gasser; Bruno Lanz |
| Abstract: | We exploit 0.5x0.5 degree raster data for mainland Southeast Asia from 2010 to 2020 to document a non-linear relationship between extreme temperature days and conflict. We show that the occurrence of conflict events increases with extreme maximum temperature days, whereas days with extreme minimum temperature decrease the occurrence of conflict. Because climate change makes both maximum and minimum temperature extremes more likely, these effects partially offset each other on aggregate. However, our results further suggest that the impact of extreme maximum and minimum temperature days differs for the type of conflict, actors involved and population affected, indicating complex distributional consequences. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; adaptation; conflict; extreme temperature |
| JEL: | Q54 O13 H56 D74 P48 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:irn:wpaper:23-05&r=env |
| By: | Kehinde Abraham Ogunsanya |
| Abstract: | Poultry waste managementis multidimensional and involves public health, waste management, utilization of fertilizing value, and fuel and energy production issues. The poultry industry in FCT Abuja, Nigeria, faces significant challenges in managing the large quantities of organic waste generated, which can have detrimental effects on the environment and public health if not properly handled. This thesis explores the potential of biodigester and biogas production as a sustainable and efficient technology for poultry waste management in FCT Abuja, Nigeria. The study aims to assess the feasibility, economic viability, benefits, and limitations of biodigester and biogas technology in managing poultry waste, providing valuable insights for policymakers, poultry farmers, and environmental stakeholders. The intent of the study is also to show that the chicken waste used as feed material to produce biogas can tap additional energy from the otherwise wasted energy and make the poultry industry co-exist with the environment of the neighbours. This research will identify and evaluate the economic feasibility of producing biogas from poultry waste. The research is of particular interest to the poultry farmers and to Waru community of Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria, as the people are becoming very conscious of the environmental impact due to pollution. This will also solve the crisis of offensive smell emanating from the poultry farm, causing disputes between the poultry farmer and the host Waru Community. |
| Keywords: | Bio-digestion; Biogas; biomass; Poultry Waste; Renewable Energy; Slurry |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:afr:wpaper:afres2023-042&r=env |
| By: | Lewis Abedi Asante; Beverly Akomea Bonsu |
| Abstract: | There is growing scholarly interest in notions of green gentrification in the global North, which explores how environmental improvement in gentrifying districts drives up real estate prices and subsequent displacement of low- income residents. Although similar processes of increasing demand for property development and its attendant displacement of urban wetlands is occurring in African cities, previous research have simply conceptualized it as wetland encroachment and not as a form of gentrification. The objective of this article is to re-conceptualize the dynamics of wetland encroachment in African cities within the broader conception of gentrification and analyze its implication for sustainable property development. Drawing on insights from extant literature on African urbanism, wetland encroachment and gentrification, we term the African variant of green gentrification as ‘wetland gentrification’. Wetland gentrification occurs when customary authorities, amid land scarcity and rising property values, alienate wetlands in urban neighbourhoods. Property development practices, typically by high-income earners and private developers, on urban wetlands lead to the displacement of the ecological resources and subsequently poor households and settlements through urban flooding. We frame wetland gentrification as tantamount to unsustainable property development because it deteriorates water quality and ecological lives, causes urban flooding, and deepens urban poverty. |
| Keywords: | African Cities; Green Gentrification; Sustainable Property Development; Urban Wetlands; Wetland Gentrification |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:afr:wpaper:afres2023-012&r=env |
| By: | William Brock; Anastasios Xepapadeas |
| Abstract: | Scientific evidence suggests that anthropogenic impacts on the environment, such as land use changes and climate change, promote the emergence of infectious diseases (IDs) in humans. We develop a tworegion epidemic-economic model which unifies short-run disease containment policies with long-run policies which could control the drivers and the severity of IDs. We structure our paper by linking susceptible-infected-susceptible and susceptible-infected-recovered models with an economic model which includes land-use choices for agriculture and climate change and accumulation of knowledge that supports landaugmenting technical change. The contact number depends on shortrun containment policies (e.g., lockdown, vaccination), and long-run policies affecting land use, the natural world and climate change. Climate change and land-use change have an additional cost in terms of IDs since they might increase the contact number in the long run. We derive optimal short-run containment controls for a Nash equilibrium between regions, and long-run controls for climate policy, land use and knowledge at an open loop Nash equilibrium and the social optimum and unify the short- and long-run controls. We explore the impact of ambiguity aversion and model misspecification in the unified model and provide simulations which support the theoretical model. |
| Keywords: | infectious diseases, SIS and SIR models, natural world, climate change, land use, containment, Nash equilibrium, OLNE, social optimum, land-augmenting technical change |
| JEL: | I18 Q54 D81 |
| Date: | 2023–11–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2319&r=env |
| By: | Piet Eichholtz; Stefan Flagner; Nils Kok; Rick Kramer; Steffen Kuenn; Wouter van Marken Lichtenbelt; Guy Plasqui; Xudong Sun |
| Abstract: | Academic achievement of students is a major determinant for their subsequent professional careers. Thus, university classrooms should offer optimal learning environments fostering students’ cognitive performance and development. However, university buildings are often poorly ventilated and in need of renovation. Past studies have shown that poor indoor environmental quality in terms of the thermal environment and air quality impairs cognitive performance. This study uses a quasi-experimental setup to investigate the effects of a sustainable university building on students’ academic performance and wellbeing. We randomly assigned a sample of about 1200 first-year Maastricht University bachelor students in economics and business into a control and treatment group. The treatment group had their four weekly 2-hour tutorials in a newly renovated building certified with the WELL Building Silver Standard. The control group stayed in the old building, which has been in service for the university since 1976, with the most recent renovation in 2002. In each of the tutorial rooms, we measured indoor temperature, relative humidity, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), fine particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) during two course periods from November to December 2022 and from February to March 2023, each lasting seven weeks. We recorded the grades, the course evaluations, and student survey responses on their perception of the indoor environment during each course. Each tutor taught classes in both buildings, allowing a natural tutor-fixed effect. Preliminary results from the first period showed that CO2 and VOC concentrations were significantly lower in the certified building. No substantial differences in students’ grades were found. However, students reported a better mood, a higher satisfaction, and believed that the certified building had a positive impact on their performance. Contrarily, they reported that the lighting conditions and noise levels of the certified building hindered their performance. The next step will be to incorporate the data from the second test period examining possible longitudinal effects. All data collection will be finished by the end of March 2023, and we will do the remaining analysis and the paper write-up in April and May. |
| Keywords: | Cognition; Green Building; Indoor Environmental Quality; Well-Being |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_126&r=env |
| By: | Amare, Mulubrhan; Balana, Bedru; Onilogbo, Omobolanle |
| Abstract: | Key Highlights: Changes in temperature, measured in harmful degree days (HDDs), and precipitation have a significant negative impact on agricultural productivity in Nigeria, which highlights the adverse effects of extreme weather on crop yields. Climate changes affect income sources for farming households. We found that an increase in HDDs reduces households’ income share from crops and nonfarm self-employment, implying threats to household food security for smallholders whose livelihoods depend on subsistence farming and food consumption from own sources. In response to the risks posed by climate change, farmers adopt changes in crop mixes (for example, reducing the share of land allocated to cereals) and input use decisions (for example, reducing fertilizer use and purchased seeds) as an adaptation strategy. Adaption strategies that lead to low use of yield-enhancing modern inputs could worsen agricultural productivity and household food insecurity. However, we found that farmers in Nigeria respond to extreme climate by switching to drought tolerant root or tuber crops. Such strategies could partially offset the adverse effects of climatic shocks on households’ welfare. Climate changes negatively impact agricultural productivity for both poor and non-poor households, but the effects are more pronounced among poorer households, according to our heterogenous effects analysis on household’s initial endowments (based on wealth indicators measured in asset and livestock holdings). This implies low adaptive capacity on the part of poor households and thus their high vulnerability to climate-related shocks. Suggested policy recommendations include interventions to incentivize adoption of climate-resilient agriculture, targeted pro-poor interventions such as low-cost financing options for improving smallholders’ access to climate-proof agricultural inputs and technologies, and policy measures to reduce the inequality of access to livelihood capital, such as land and other productive assets. |
| Keywords: | NIGERIA; WEST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; climate resilience; resilience; climate change; agriculture; sustainability; livelihood diversification; heat stress; extreme weather events; crop yield; employment; off-farm employment; smallholders; harmful degree days |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:nssppn:56&r=env |
| By: | Jean-Marc Blazy (ASTRO - Agrosystèmes tropicaux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Julie Subervie (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Jacky Paul (ASTRO - Agrosystèmes tropicaux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); François Causeret (ASTRO - Agrosystèmes tropicaux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Loic Guindé (ASTRO - Agrosystèmes tropicaux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Sarah Moulla (ASTRO - Agrosystèmes tropicaux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Alban Thomas (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, US ODR - Observatoire des Programmes Communautaires de Développement Rural - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique); Jorge Sierra (ASTRO - Agrosystèmes tropicaux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Soil organic carbon stocks have been declining for more than a century, mostly in the tropics. Maintaining soil organic matter is critical to tackling climate change and controlling soil health. One way to address this problem is to encourage farmers to improve soil carbon on their farms. We provide an ex-ante assessment of the cost-effectiveness of innovative Agri-Environmental Measures (AEM) that subsidize the use of compost. To do so, we ran a choice experiment in Guadeloupe, in the northeastern Caribbean, where there is an urgent need to preserve soil organic matter levels. The 305 farmers who participated were asked to choose one of several AEM that offer financial support in exchange for using compost in their farming activities, as well as free technical assistance, a collective financial bonus, and the possibility of combining chemical fertilisers with composts. We found that offering free technical assistance increases the participation rate by 30 percentage points and offering a collective bonus increases it by 14 percentage points. In contrast, including a requirement on the reduction of chemical fertilization would decrease the probability of participation by only two percentage points. We then estimated the amount of carbon that would be sequestered in the soil using compost as prescribed under each of the AEM proposed. We found that the most effective AEM would sequester up to 25, 000 teqCO2 per year at the territory level and that the most cost-effective scheme would reach this target at a cost of about 500 euros per teqCO2. Finally, we find that the so-called 4 per 1000 target could be reached through AEM under a variety of scenarios.. |
| Abstract: | Les stocks de carbone organique du sol sont en baisse depuis plus d'un siècle, principalement dans les régions tropicales. Le maintien de la matière organique du sol est essentiel pour lutter contre le changement climatique et contrôler la santé des sols. L'une des façons de résoudre ce problème est d'encourager les agriculteurs à améliorer le carbone du sol dans leurs exploitations. Nous fournissons une évaluation ex ante du rapport coût-efficacité des mesures agro-environnementales (MAE) innovantes qui subventionnent l'utilisation du compost. Pour ce faire, nous avons mené une expérience de choix en Guadeloupe, dans le nord-est des Caraïbes, où il existe un besoin urgent de préserver les niveaux de matière organique du sol. Les 305 agriculteurs qui ont participé ont été invités à choisir l'une des nombreuses AEM qui offrent un soutien financier en échange de l'utilisation du compost dans leurs activités agricoles, ainsi qu'une assistance technique gratuite, une prime financière collective et la possibilité de combiner les engrais chimiques avec les composts. Nous avons constaté qu'offrir une assistance technique gratuite augmente le taux de participation de 30 points de pourcentage et qu'offrir un bonus collectif l'augmente de 14 points de pourcentage. En revanche, l'inclusion d'une exigence sur la réduction de la fertilisation chimique ne diminuerait la probabilité de participation que de deux points de pourcentage. Nous avons ensuite estimé la quantité de carbone qui serait séquestrée dans le sol en utilisant du compost tel que prescrit par chacune des MAE proposées. Nous avons constaté que le MAE le plus efficace permettrait de séquestrer jusqu'à 25 000 teqCO2 par an au niveau du territoire et que le dispositif le plus rentable atteindrait cet objectif pour un coût d'environ 500 euros par teqCO2. Enfin, nous constatons que l'objectif dit de 4 pour 1000 pourrait être atteint grâce à l'AEM dans le cadre de divers scénarios... |
| Keywords: | Soil carbon, Compost, Climate change, Choice experiment, Guadeloupe |
| Date: | 2021–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03340601&r=env |
| By: | Team, AISDL |
| Abstract: | Environment, Conservation, and Sustainability Journals |
| Date: | 2023–10–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:yvk5p&r=env |
| By: | Lawrence H. Goulder; Xianling Long; Chenfei Qu; Da Zhang |
| Abstract: | China’s recently launched CO2 emissions trading system, already the world’s largest, aims to contribute importantly toward global reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. The system, a tradable performance standard (TPS), differs importantly from cap and trade (C&T), the principal emissions trading approach used in other countries. This paper presents the structure and results from a multi-sector, multi-period equilibrium model tailored to evaluate China’s TPS. The model incorporates distinctive features of China’s economy, including state-owned enterprises and electricity market regulation. It distinguishes between the TPS and C&T and considers a wide range of potential future TPS designs. Key findings include the following. The TPS’s environmental benefits exceed its costs by a factor of five when only the climate-related benefits are considered and by a significantly higher factor when health benefits from improved air quality are included. The TPS’s interactions with China’s fiscal system substantially affect its costs relative to those of C&T. Employing a single benchmark (standard) for the electricity sector would lower costs by 34 percent relative to the four-benchmark system that is actually in place but increase the standard deviation of percentage income losses across provinces by more than 60 percent. Introducing an auction as a complementary source of allowance supply can lower economy-wide costs by at least 30 percent. |
| JEL: | D58 D61 H23 Q52 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31809&r=env |
| By: | Vuong, Quan-Hoang; Nguyen, Minh-Hoang; La, Viet-Phuong |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we aim to provide an in-depth discussion of nickel's crucial position in the manufacturing sector in the context of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which represent growing environmental imperatives. These SDGs have gained unprecedented urgency due to looming concerns of incompletion. It should be emphasized that the information compiled herein is derived from authoritative sources and is limited in its ability to give comprehensive coverage within the scope of this article. The raised issues are of broad interest in terms of environmental dynamics in the global nickel mining, extraction, and refining arenas. As a result, the content given below may not precisely comply with the local situations dictated by geographical, geological, and socio-economic characteristics. The fundamental goal of this discussion is to clarify the economic-environmental interaction and the pragmatic meanings of the term "sustainable" in the context of the nickel industry. |
| Date: | 2023–10–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:842kp&r=env |
| By: | Cummings, S.; Koerner, J.; Schut, M.; Lubberink, R.; Minh, Thai (International Water Management Institute); Spielman, D.; Vos, J.; Kropff, M. (Ed.); Leeuwis, C. (Ed.). |
| Keywords: | Private sector; CGIAR; Public-private partnerships; Governance; Risk management; Multi-stakeholder processes; Research programmes; Innovation scaling; Investment; Institutions; Policies; Funding; Climate services; Sustainable Development Goals; Farmers |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052091&r=env |
| By: | Julie Latune (UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Mariana Rios (UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Joana Line-Guerreiro (UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Eva Perrier (UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Géraldine Abrami (UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Nils Ferrand (STEEP - Sustainability transition, environment, economy and local policy - Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - LJK - Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Through the world, developed coastlines are increasingly vulnerable to sea level rise, marine submersion and erosion. According to the 2021 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report, coastal areas will be subject to a rise in sea level of between 0.15 and 0.29 metres by 2050. In addition to sea rise, more frequent and severe storms are expected to accelerate marine submersion events and coastal erosion. French coastlines and especially the Occitanian coast (western part of the Mediterranean coast) is not spared by these phenomenon's. Indeed, since 1945 French coastlines, had lost 2600 hectares of land, and 25% of the coastlines are eroding. The Occitan coast is particularly vulnerable to these phenomena because of its strong urbanization, that started in the 1960s. Especially since Xynthia storm that affected the French Atlantic west coast in 2010, a growing regulatory framework had been put in place. The need for tools to involve citizens in the transition of coastal territories remains. The serious game LittoWag was created to meet these needs. Firstly we will review the construction of the game and the representations of (i) the uses of the Occitan coastline, (ii) the hazards (erosion, marine submersion) (iii) the stakes, (iv) the possibilities of adaptation face to the risks. Secondly, we will present the analysis methodology of the workshops conducted with the users of the territory and the first results obtained. We analyse the learnings (cognitive, normative, and relational) and coastal risk transition scenarios (coastline management solutions, and uses of the territory adaptation). |
| Keywords: | coastal management, ICAM, serious games, public participation, coastal erosion, sea level rise |
| Date: | 2023–07–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04232691&r=env |
| By: | Richard S. J. Tol |
| Abstract: | The social cost of carbon is the damage avoided by slightly reducing carbon dioxide emissions. It is a measure of the desired intensity of climate policy. The social cost of carbon is highly uncertain because of the long and complex cause-effect chain, and because it quantifies and aggregates impacts over a long period of time, affecting all people in a wide range of possible futures. Recent estimates are around $\$$80/tCO$_2$. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2310.12760&r=env |
| By: | Eugenie Dugoua; Todd D. Gerarden |
| Abstract: | We study how individual inventors respond to incentives to work on 'clean' electricity technologies. Using natural gas price variation, we estimate output and entry elasticities of inventors and measure the medium-term impacts of a price increase mirroring the social cost of carbon. We find that the induced clean innovation response primarily comes from existing clean inventors. New inventors are less responsive on the margin than their average contribution to clean energy patenting would indicate. Our findings suggest a role for policy to increase the supply of clean inventors to help mitigate climate change. |
| Keywords: | inventors, energy technology, induced innovation |
| Date: | 2023–10–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1951&r=env |
| By: | Yiwen Chen (Shandong Agricultural University, CH); Xi Wan (Nanjing Audit University, CH); Benteng Zou (DEM, Université du Luxembourg) |
| Abstract: | Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered one of the most important and efficient tools in fighting against greenhouse gas emissions. Countries differ in terms of the level CCS processes implemented, with the main barrier to CCS adoption being its high cost. This paper introduces a differential game model with heterogeneous countries to investigate the optimal timing for countries to initiate CCS projects, taking into account CCS costs. We show that (i) the thresholds for the triggering of CCS projects depend not only on one's own CCS costs but also those of others, in addition to the pollution damage costs; (ii) the optimal timing for different countries to initiate their CCS projects is the moment when their threshold level of pollution stock is reached; (iii) countries are more inclined to free-ride by both reducing pollutant emissions and deploying CCS when pollution damage costs are symmetric rather than asymmetric; finally, (iv) we provide sufficient conditions under which some countries never deploy CCS even though they bear the same pollution damage as the others. |
| Keywords: | Carbon capture and storage, optimal timing, Markovian perfect equilibrium. |
| JEL: | Q53 Q58 C61 C72 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:luc:wpaper:23-06&r=env |
| By: | Eugenie Dugoua; Todd D. Gerarden |
| Abstract: | We study how individual inventors respond to incentives to work on “clean” electricity technologies. Using natural gas price variation, we estimate output and entry elasticities of inventors and measure the medium-term impacts of a price increase mirroring the social cost of carbon. We find that the induced clean innovation response primarily comes from existing clean inventors. New inventors are less responsive on the margin than their average contribution to clean energy patenting would indicate. Our findings suggest a role for policy to increase the supply of clean inventors to help mitigate climate change. |
| Keywords: | inventors, energy technology, induced innovation |
| JEL: | O31 Q55 Q40 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10700&r=env |
| By: | Immacolata Ranucci; Donato Romano; Luca Tiberti |
| Abstract: | Social and cultural institutions interact with environmental and individual factors, shaping resilience against external shocks. Limited evidence exists regarding the impact of social and cultural norms on climate-induced food insecurity resilience. This study examines the influence of kinship norms on gender-specific food resilience outcomes among rural households facing drought. Leveraging data from the Malawi Integrated Household Survey spatially matched with climate data, matrilineal-matrilocal villages exhibit higher resilience to food insecurity (dietary diversity and nutritional quality) than other communities. Households with female land management residing in Matrilineal-Matrilocal communities show greater dietary diversity resilience. However, in the case of drought, they are found to be less resilient to food insecurity than their counterparts in other areas. We find suggestive evidence of different reallocations of men’s and women’s work hours when hit by a drought in Matrilineal-Matrilocal and other communities, possibly explaining our main result. The study highlights the need to consider socioeconomic, cultural, and ecological interactions when assessing resilience and advocates policies enhancing women’s agricultural resilience and a broader range of outside options. |
| Keywords: | Development resilience, Food security, Kinship norms, Gender, Drought, Malawi. |
| JEL: | J16 Q15 Q18 Q54 Z13 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:frz:wpaper:wp2023_09.rdf&r=env |
| By: | Laurence Amblard (Territoires - Territoires - AgroParisTech - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - UCA [2017-2020] - Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Carsten Mann |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to identify drivers and barriers to the achievement of EU water policy objectives in the agricultural sector by adopting an institutional perspective on water quality management at the landscape level. We apply a conceptual framework combining Integrated Landscape Management (ILM) and Institutional Design Principles (IDP) perspectives to analyze cooperation initiatives involving water suppliers and agricultural stakeholders to protect drinking water catchments from agricultural diffuse pollution. Three cases representing different forms of cooperation in rural landscapes in France were investigated on the basis of primary data collected at the local, water-basin and national levels. The results show that the success of multi-stakeholder collective action depends on both local factors such as characteristics of the water resource and stakeholders (knowledge, resources, trust and social capital) and on factors linked to the EU and national water and agricultural policy frameworks. In addition to the identification of drivers of and constraints on the implementation of EU water policy in agricultural landscapes, the analysis highlights the conceptual added value in combining the IDP and ILM approaches to understand policy implementation processes at the landscape level. |
| Keywords: | EU Water Framework Directive, diffuse pollution, Institutional Design Principles (IDP), Integrated Landscape Management (ILM), social-ecological systems, landscape perspective |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03343649&r=env |
| By: | Songhua Hu (Jack); Kailai Wang (Jack); Lingyao Li (Jack); Yingrui Zhao (Jack); Zhenbing He (Jack); Yunpeng (Jack); Zhang |
| Abstract: | Climate changes lead to more frequent and intense weather events, posing escalating risks to road traffic. Crowdsourced data offer new opportunities to monitor and investigate changes in road traffic flow during extreme weather. This study utilizes diverse crowdsourced data from mobile devices and the community-driven navigation app, Waze, to examine the impact of three weather events (i.e., floods, winter storms, and fog) on road traffic. Three metrics, speed change, event duration, and area under the curve (AUC), are employed to assess link-level traffic change and recovery. In addition, a user's perceived severity is computed to evaluate link-level weather impact based on crowdsourced reports. This study evaluates a range of new data sources, and provides insights into the resilience of road traffic to extreme weather, which are crucial for disaster preparedness, response, and recovery in road transportation systems. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2310.14380&r=env |
| By: | Bram De Rock; Florine Le Henaff |
| Abstract: | We created a unique data set based on social media data by collecting and geo-localising all the tweets of 54 thousand Swedish citizens from January 2019 to June 2019. This allows us to construct an attractive individual-level measure of preferences for pro-environmental behavior. We demonstrate this by using our measure in two applications. We first document a subjective well-being gap between individuals with and without green preferences, using the average sentiment scores in tweets as a proxy of individuals’ subjective well-being. We then investigate the existence of a gender gap in green preferences and the propensity to act for the environment, relating our measure to publicly available data on electric and hybrid car registrations and political support for environmental policies in Sweden. |
| Keywords: | Individual preferences, social media, pro-environmental behavior, subjective well-being, gender identities |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eca:wpaper:2013/364363&r=env |
| By: | Mihaela Meslec; Chiara Catalano |
| Abstract: | Integrating biodiversity considerations into urban development projects has become increasingly important for developers, as it contributes to ecosystem services and supports occupiers’ well-being. Moreover, despite the increasing regulation (ESG, EU Taxonomy, SDGs) there are very few successful projects because there is a lack of methods to effectively manage and integrate complex and diverse data from various sources, such as urban ecology, environmental impact assessments, biodiversity surveys or spatial planning data. Based on emerging technologies, a common data environment (CDE) can provide a solution to manage and integrate these data sets effectively. In this paper, we explore the potential of a CDE for biodiversity integration in a Swiss Real Estate Development project. We employed a mixed-methods research approach, incorporating one case study, action research, and iterations to create a minimum viable product (MVP) for testing the technical solution. Additionally, we analysed the potential business case for a CDE in managing biodiversity data and supporting biodiversity integration in real estate projects. Upon examination of the project documentation, it has been observed that the incorporation of biodiversity into real estate development projects is impeded by the insufficient specification of the data requirements, integration, and management of biodiversity. Additionally, the study found that the absence of a business case for developers that incorporates ecosystem services is a significant obstacle to the integration of biodiversity in urban development. This can be attributed to the lack of a business case for developers that incorporates ecosystem services. To address both issues, a collaborative data environment (CDE) can serve as a potential solution by enabling the sharing, collaboration, and management of biodiversity data. For this purpose, an Eco-Module was developed which contain enhanced ecological data such as animal species distribution, habitat and vegetation types as part of the ecological data requirements. Three GeoBIM technological solutions were explored and tested using a Minimum Viable Product (MVP) approach to integrate GIS-specific biodiversity data sets such as shapefiles and raster data with the BIM model. Furthermore, the study has investigated the added value for real estate owners/investors by recommending to further use the data to quantify the overall benefits of eco-services as a base for a solid business case. The incorporation of ecosystem services in the business case for developers can incentivize biodiversity integration in real estate development. A common data environment can provide an effective solution for managing and integrating complex and diverse biodiversity data sets from different scales. The added value comes from the data analysis and ecological simulations such as habitat suitability and species distribution models. In addition, hydrological and climatic data can enrich the CDE. By implementing an ecologically enriched CDE with dedicated Eco-Modules, the platform can raise awareness during the lifecycle of the project on important ecological issues, showing the potential use of biodiversity information for landscape-architectural-urban design and concrete financial and environmental benefits to decision-makers. |
| Keywords: | Common Data Environment; Ecosystem services; Real Estate Development; Urban Biodiversity |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_330&r=env |
| By: | Robert Huang; Matthew E. Kahn |
| Abstract: | Household carbon dioxide emissions have been an increasing function of income and distance from the city. Richer suburbanites drive more and consume more electricity and natural gas at home. In recent years, richer people in California have been more likely to buy electric vehicles and to install solar panels in their homes. The electricity grid has become less carbon intensive over time. Using several California datasets, we document that these ongoing shifts in consumer behavior have flattened household transportation carbon dioxide Engel curves over the years 2018 to 2022. While household electricity emissions as a function of income have flattened, the natural gas Engel curves have not. We explore the political economy implications of the ongoing decarbonization of the private vehicle fleet. Based on voting data from California, we document that communities tend to support higher fuel taxes when their vehicle fleet is more fuel efficient. |
| JEL: | H23 Q54 R40 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31792&r=env |
| By: | Teresa Cappelli; Luca Tiberti; Elisa Ticci |
| Abstract: | We investigate the gender gap in resilience to climate anomalies and the mediation channels between weather conditions and women’s agricultural outcomes in Benin. We find that, compared to a man, agricultural production is lower and more vulnerable to adverse rainfall conditions when the parcel manager is a woman. We also show that the Plans Fonciers Ruraux (PFR), a land titling RCT reform that started in Benin in 2008, does not significantly mitigate the gendered effects of rainfall deviations. Moreover, we provide new suggestive evidence on the role of gender-based intra-household differences when climate variations occur. We find that adverse weather conditions would push female parcel managers to reduce cultivated land, agricultural investment and labour supply more than male managers. We argue that, in rain-fed agriculture, adverse climate events can increase household competition over resources; in such an environment, the differential in intra-household bargaining power may become relevant and result in larger gender gaps. |
| Keywords: | eCommerce, Adverse climate events; Resilience; Gender gap in agriculture; Land tenure; Benin. |
| JEL: | Q12 Q15 Q18 Q54 J16 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:frz:wpaper:wp2023_08.rdf&r=env |
| By: | Marc Gronwald |
| Abstract: | This paper finds that global temperature anomalies are characterised by (temporary) explosiveness, a statistical feature typically found in financial and commodity market data during episodes of extreme price increases. This finding dramatically illustrates the extent temperature changes have already reached. This paper also finds that there are differences across hemispheres: while Northern hemispheric temperature anomalies are clearly found to be explosive, evidence is much weaker in Southern hemispheric data. This finding is attributable to the phenomenon of Arctic amplification. This paper complements recent studies in both climate econometrics and science which find that climate models seem to underestimate this phenomenon. |
| Keywords: | global temperature anomalies, hemispheric temperature anomalies, explosiveness, climate change |
| JEL: | C12 C22 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10680&r=env |
| By: | Eugenie Dugoua; Todd Gerarden |
| Abstract: | We study how individual inventors respond to incentives to work on “clean” electricity technologies. Using natural gas price variation, we estimate output and entry elasticities of inventors and measure the medium-term impacts of a price increase mirroring the social cost of carbon. We find that the induced clean innovation response primarily comes from existing clean inventors. New inventors are less responsive on the margin than their average contribution to clean energy patenting would indicate. Our findings highlight the potential importance of policies that increase the supply of clean inventors who are focused on mitigating climate change. |
| JEL: | O31 Q40 Q55 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31714&r=env |
| By: | Eugenie Dugoua |
| Abstract: | This paper revisits one of the rare success stories in global environmental cooperation: the Montreal Protocol and the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances. I show that the protocol increased science and innovation on alternatives to ozone-depleting substances and argue that agreements can indeed be useful to solving global public goods problems. This contrasts with game-theoretical predictions that agreements occur only when costs to the players are low, and with the often-heard narrative that substitutes were readily available. I reconcile theory and empirics by discussing the role of induced innovation in models of environmental agreements. |
| Keywords: | induced innovation, directed technological change, green innovation |
| Date: | 2023–09–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1947&r=env |
| By: | Matteo Coronese; Federico Crippa; Francesco Lamperti; Andrea Roventini; Francesca Chiaromonte |
| Abstract: | Climate change and weather events are increasingly affecting the macroeconomic performance of countries and regions. However, their effects on income inequality are less understood. In this paper, we estimate the dynamic impact of weather events on income and wages at regional level. We leverage a comprehensive dataset covering more than 200, 000 storm events affecting contiguous US' counties across three decades. Storms are short-lived, locally confined, relatively frequent, difficult-to-predict and hazardous yet not fully destructive events. While such features make them convenient for impact assessment, previous studies mostly focused on way severer events as floods and hurricanes. Our findings reveal a significant and highly robust negative association between storm activity, income and wages' growth. Notably, while income tends to recover in the long run, wages exhibit a significantly more stubborn decline, suggesting persistent and adverse impacts on (functional) income inequality. Our analyses also highlight lack of effective adaptation and large heterogeneity of the effects, with economically disadvantaged regions displaying stronger negative impacts. Finally, we find evidence for a sizable role of federal assistance and support, which effectively counteract storm-induced losses on both income and wages. |
| Keywords: | Storms; Natural hazards; Growth; Income Inequality; Climate change; Adaptation policies. |
| Date: | 2023–11–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2023/40&r=env |
| By: | Ellen Sterk (RWTH Aachen University); Morten Endrikat (RWTH Aachen University); Dmytro Katerusha (Research Group Verbund.NRW) |
| Abstract: | Green public procurement of construction activities has the potential to significantly reduce a municipality’s environmental footprint. Moreover, it is likely to positively affect its citizens’ implementation of green building practices. However, the degree of citizens’ acceptance of sustainable building by their municipality remains unstudied as do the factors that are of influence in this regard. Through a survey in four German municipalities, this study investigates public acceptance of sustainable public construction in its two dimensions: attitude and action. The findings consistently reveal positive attitudes, which are driven by trust in the municipality and the perception of personal as well as social benefits. As anticipated, costs negatively impact citizens' attitudes. Despite these generally positive attitudes, only specific segments of the public demonstrate a willingness to actively support sustainable public construction. Whether or not citizens are willing to engage is influenced by the form of action, age, as well as their interest in and knowledge of sustainability and construction. In contrast, additional costs and the type of building in question do not appear to have an effect. The use of the default effect is demonstrated to have the potential to enhance the behavioral dimension of public acceptance. Implications for government institutions and suggestions for further research are provided. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mar:magkse:202324&r=env |
| By: | Hernández, Karla; Luna, Facundo; Madeira, Carlos |
| Abstract: | Climate change should deteriorate the value of real estate, but studies are lacking for developing economies which may suffer the worst weather changes. We match an administrative register of all the real estate properties' transactions in Chile between 2002 and 2020 with a high spatial resolution dataset of local temperatures and precipitation. Even after controlling for a wide set of home characteristics or fixed-effects for each property, we find that fluctuations in temperatures had an impact on the prices of residential homes and agricultural properties. |
| Keywords: | global warming; real estate prices; climate change; Chile; Latin America |
| JEL: | O44 O54 Q51 R11 R30 |
| Date: | 2022–11–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:118974&r=env |
| By: | Torres-Brito, David Israel; Cruz-Aké, Salvador; Venegas-Martínez, Francisco |
| Abstract: | La presente investigación indaga en la relación entre emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) y crecimiento económico; en particular, busca medir el impacto de estas emisiones en el Producto Interno Bruto (PIB), a partir de la identificación de las fuentes contaminantes y sus costos asociados, mediante la construcción de un panel de datos anuales para 86 países distribuidos en 4 niveles de ingreso y 6 regiones, a través del periodo de 30 años 1990-2019. La relación de interés se contextualiza en un marco de estructura de mercado, por lo que se consideran datos del crecimiento de los sectores más grandes de la economía, así como datos demográficos para cada país y año. También se toma la información del mercado energético, así como la participación de los recursos renovables en este, y la generación de energía por tipo de combustible. A su vez, se explora la relación entre ingreso y la participación de los recursos naturales en la economía, con lo que se identifica la eficiencia energética y el aprovechamiento de los recursos como proxy de la tecnología disponible para cada grupo de ingreso. Además de un análisis exploratorio (descriptivo) de los datos, se emplea un modelo de regresión cuantílico para datos de panel con efectos fijos aditivos (QRPD), el cual es un caso especial del estimador de regresión cuantílica generalizado (GQR). En el uso del modelo se aplica el método de optimización adaptativa de Montecarlo basado en cadenas de Markov (MCMC). Se verifica la hipótesis de la investigación tanto a nivel descriptivo como econométrico: una relación inversa entre crecimiento económico y emisiones de GEI. Se devela una curva ambiental de Kuznets, al observarse que las emisiones de GEI se incrementan a mayores niveles de ingreso de los países, pero alcanzan un punto de inflexión, de modo que los países de ingreso alto emiten menores emisiones de CO2eq que el resto. Asimismo, el modelo estimado revela que las emisiones de GEI contribuyen de manera positiva en el crecimiento económico, pero en el largo plazo, al considerar la variable cuadrática, se alcanza un punto de inflexión a partir del cual las emisiones presentan un estimador negativo. También se identifica una curva tecnológica de Kuznets (CTK) a partir del análisis de la eficiencia energética de cada grupo de ingreso, la cual responde al desarrollo tecnológico, cambios en la estructura económica internacional y la caída en los precios de las energías limpias. / This research inquiries into the relationship between greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and economic growth; in particular, it seeks to measure the impact of these emissions on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), based on the identification of polluting sources and associated costs, through the construction of an annualized data panel for 86 countries distributed in 4 income levels and 6 regions, through the 30-year period 1990-2019. The relationship of interest is contextualized within a market structure framework, for which there were taken growth rates for each major economic sector, as well as demographic data for each country and year. Information on the energy market is also considered, including the share of renewable resources and the generation of energy by type of fuel, which helps to identify the efficiency of energy consumption and use of natural resources as a proxy of technology availability by income group. In addition to an exploratory (descriptive) analysis of the data, a quantile regression model for panel data with additive fixed effects (QRPD) is used, as a special case of the generalized quantile regression (GQR) estimator. In the use of the model, the adaptive optimization of Markov chain Monte Carlo Method (MCMC) is applied. The research hypothesis is verified both at a descriptive and econometric level: an inverse relationship between economic growth and GHG emissions. An Environmental Kuznets curve is observed (EKC), revealing that GHG emissions increase with income levels reaching a turning point, so that high-income countries emit fewer CO2eq emissions than the rest. Likewise, the estimated model reveals that GHG emissions contribute positively to economic growth, but in the long term, by considering the quadratic variable, a turning point is reached from which emissions present a negative estimator. Finally, a Kuznets technology curve (CTK) is also identified from the energy efficiency analysis of each income group that responds to technological development, changes in the international economic structure and the drop in clean energy prices. |
| Keywords: | Gases de Efecto Invernadero, Crecimiento económico, Curva Ambiental de Kuznets, Datos de panel, Regresión cuantílica / Greenhouse Gases, Economic Growth, Environmental Kuznets curve, Panel data, Quantile regression |
| JEL: | Q51 |
| Date: | 2023–11–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119031&r=env |
| By: | Robert M. Anderson; Haosui Duanmu |
| Abstract: | We propose two general equilibrium models, quota equilibrium and emission tax equilibrium. The government specifies quotas or taxes on emissions, then refrains from further action. Quota equilibrium exists; the allocation of emission property rights strongly impacts the distribution of welfare. If the only externality arises from total net emissions, quota equilibrium is constrained Pareto Optimal. Every quota equilibrium can be realized as an emission tax equilibrium and vice versa. However, for certain tax rates, emission tax equilibrium may not exist, or may exhibit high multiplicity. Full Pareto Optimality of quota equilibrium can often be achieved by setting the right quota. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2310.03650&r=env |
| By: | Marco Compagnoni (Department of Economics and Management, University of Trento); Marco Grazzi (Department of Economic Policy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart and Laboratory of Economics and Management, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies); Fabio Pieri (Department of Economics and Management, University of Trento and Centro Studi Luca d’Agliano); Chiara Tomasi (Department of Economics and Management, University of Trento and Laboratory of Economics and Management, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies) |
| Abstract: | In the debate on international waste trade, the focus on resource efficiency and recycling has gradually begun to accompany the focus on negative environmental externalities. In this context, we examine the impact of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) on the export of waste batteries (WB). EPR is considered as a key policy for the “marketization of waste”. On the other hand, WB are a hazardous waste that also contain a high concentration of critical raw materials. As such, they are of strategic importance for the recovery of critical resources, while at the same time requiring proper environmental management. Therefore, it is crucial to understand where WB are treated and how this is affected by related policies. Our results, based on difference-in-difference models in a gravity framework, show a consistent increase in WB exports after EPR implementation compared to the trend for other wastes. This result is likely to be an indirect consequence of the ability of EPR to support growth in waste collection rates, more accurate tracking of transboundary waste flows, and specialization of national waste management systems. In particular, EPR exports appear to be directed to countries with more advanced waste management systems rather than to developing countries. |
| Keywords: | Extended producer responsibility, batteries, trade, recycling, circular economy |
| JEL: | K32 Q51 Q53 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2023.22&r=env |
| By: | Shi, Yue (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics); Punzo, Antonio (Dept. of Economics and Business, University of Catania); Otneim, Håkon (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics); Maruotti, Antonello (Dept. GEPLI, LUMSA University) |
| Abstract: | We analyze the temporal structure of a novel insurance dataset about home insurance claims related to rainfall-induced damage in Norway, and employ a hidden semi-Markov model to capture the non-Gaussian nature and temporal dynamics of these claims. By exploring a wide range of candidate distributions and evaluating their goodness-of-fit as well as commonly used risk measures, we identify a suitable model for effectively modeling insurance losses stemming from rainfall-related incidents. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the temporal aspects of weather-related insurance claims and demonstrate that the proposed hidden semi-Markov model adeptly captures this feature. Moreover, the model estimates reveal a concerning trend: the risks associated with heavy rain in the context of home insurance have exhibited an upward trajectory between 2004 and 2020, aligning with the evidence of a changing climate. This insight has significant implications for insurance companies, providing them with valuable information for accurate and robust modeling in the face of climate uncertainties. By shedding light on the evolving risks related to heavy rain and their impact on home insurance, our study offers essential insights for insurance companies to adapt their strategies and effectively manage these emerging challenges. It underscores the necessity of incorporating climate change considerations into insurance models and emphasizes the importance of continuously monitoring and reassessing risk levels associated with rainfall-induced damage. Ultimately, our research contributes to the broader understanding of climate risk in the insurance industry and supports the development of resilient and sustainable insurance practices. |
| Keywords: | Mixtures; Non-Gaussian distributions; EM algorithm; Risk measures; Rainfall data |
| JEL: | C02 C40 C60 |
| Date: | 2023–11–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhhfms:2023_017&r=env |
| By: | Amine Lahiani (LEO - Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orleans - UO - Université d'Orléans - UT - Université de Tours); Salma Mefteh-Wali; Muhammad Shahbaz; Xuan Vinh Vo |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03573197&r=env |
| By: | Nils Ferrand (STEEP - Sustainability transition, environment, economy and local policy - Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - LJK - Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | This one day primer course will introduce the basic principles and two essential tools of the CoOPLAGE suite for participation engineering, based on the participatory modeling paradigm. Addressing 8 stages of a participatory decision making protocol deployed worldwide, it will demonstrate various implementation case studies in the field of water management and governance. Inclusion, integration, regulation and autonomy will be discussed. All processes include process and impact monitoring with the ENCORE paradigm. Four practical workshops are proposed, among which two will be selected : • Rapid game design and socio-environmental exploration with Wat-A-Game and MyRiverKit • Designing participatory procedures with PrePar or ParticiPlay • Integrative participatory planning with CoOPLAN • Social justice dialogue with Just-A-Grid |
| Keywords: | public participation, participatory planning, monitoring and evaluation, serious games, governance |
| Date: | 2023–06–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04232707&r=env |
| By: | Gilles Séré de Lanauze (MRM - Montpellier Research in Management - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - UM - Université de Montpellier, UM - Université de Montpellier); Lucie Sirieix (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | The consumption of insects as food is increasingly presented today as an alternative to traditional meat and as a possible and relevant response to many of today's concerns in terms of resource management, environmental preservation, rapid population growth, but also health and nutrition. In fact, the actors of this emerging sector put forward arguments that often overlap with those of vegetarians in their defence of a non-meat diet. The term entotarian, a neologism for a vegetarian who consumes insects, has recently been coined. This research explores the relevance of this concept, which seems to consider vegetarians as a potentially useful target of innovators for the development of insect consumption. A qualitative study, using a triangulation of collected data, attempts to understand the role of categorisation of insects as sentient animals and/or as food, innovativeness, neophobia and biospheric motivations (environment and animal welfare in particular) in the willingness of vegetarians to consume these new food products. |
| Abstract: | La consommation d'insectes comme aliments est de plus en plus présentée aujourd'hui comme une alternative à la viande traditionnelle et une réponse possible et pertinente à nombre de préoccupations actuelles en matière de gestion des ressources, de préservation de l'environnement, de démographie galopante, mais aussi de santé et de nutrition. De fait, les acteurs de ce secteur naissant mettent en avant des arguments qui recoupent souvent ceux des végétariens dans leur défense d'un régime non carné. Le terme d'entotarien, néologisme désignant un végétarien qui consomme des insectes, a ainsi fait tout récemment son apparition. Cette recherche explore la pertinence de ce concept qui invite à considérer les végétariens comme une cible d'innovateurs potentiellement utile au développement de la consommation d'insectes. Une étude qualitative, recourant à une triangulation de données collectées, tente de comprendre le rôle de la catégorisation des insectes comme animaux sentients ou/et comme aliments, de l'innovativité, de la néophobie et des motivations biosphériques (environnement et bien-être animal notamment) dans la disposition des végétariens à consommer ces nouveaux produits alimentaires. |
| Keywords: | entomophagy, insects, vegetarianism, sustainability, categorisation, neophobia, qualitative study, entomophagie, insecte, végétarisme, durabilité, catégorisation, néophobie, étude qualitative |
| Date: | 2023–09–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04239508&r=env |
| By: | Katharina Krumbiegel (European Commission - JRC); Pascal Tillie (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Many small-scale cocoa producers in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana grow cocoa on unshaded or low-shaded cocoa plots. This has dire consequences for farm biodiversity, resulting in lower species richness and depleted soils. To measure the extent of sustainable agricultural practices’ use in the cocoa sector, we develop a scale that incorporates dimensions of agroforestry, soil conservation, pest and disease management and farm sanitation. We use a representative data set of more than 1700 cocoa producers in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana to assess farmer participation in different organizational structures and market channels and their roles in promoting sustainable practices. We apply a multinomial endogenous switching regression model to control for potential selection bias and derive the average treatment effect of the treated (ATT) and the untreated (ATU) for three participation options: 1) certification scheme only, 2) farmer cooperative only and 3) both. In Côte d’Ivoire, econometric results show that joint participation in both a certification scheme and a farmer cooperative leads to a significantly higher sustainability score than alternative options. In comparison, certification scheme membership shows the highest effect in Ghana. Different findings may be explained by differences in the organization of the cocoa value chain across the two countries. Governmental extension services in Ghana provide support to cocoa farmers, which otherwise farmer cooperatives would potentially offer. |
| Keywords: | Certification schemes, sustainable agricultural practices, farmer cooperatives, cocoa |
| JEL: | O13 Q13 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:eapoaf:202304&r=env |
| By: | Anna L. SOBIECH; UCHIDA Hirofumi |
| Abstract: | We analyse the usage of green loans under a public green loan program and document a positive link with borrower financial health. Green loan users have better credit ratings, higher sales growth, and lower leverage. The link remains stable in face of significantly changing conditions for green investments and heightened green policy uncertainty induced by changes in governments’ green policy mix. Green loan users also exhibit better ex-post performance and lower default probability. The results imply that the screening undertaken by the lender matters for efficient green loan provision and highlight the important role of public loan programs in the green policy mix. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:23072&r=env |
| By: | Roberto Alvarez; Miguel A. Gonzalez |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we explore the relevance of obstacles to green innovation in Chilean firms. We analyze differences in green innovation across firm size and industries and we explore which barriers have a greater impact on green innovators. We find that these innovators, in general, do face higher obstacles to innovation than similar but non-green firms. We conclude that, after controlling for other firm characteristics, the most relevant obstacles for green innovators are those associated with financial and knowledge aspects. This finding is relevant for the implementation of public policies aimed at enhancing green innovation in Chile. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:udc:wpaper:wp550&r=env |
| By: | Elene Nikuradze (Sustainable Finance Division, National Bank of Georgia); Salome Tvalodze (Head of Sustainable Finance Division, National Bank of Georgia) |
| Abstract: | The potential consequences of biodiversity and ecosystem services loss can have a significant impact on the stability of economies and financial systems. The following research paper contributes to a growing body of literature that seeks to analyze the connections between biodiversity loss and financial stability. The study focuses on the assessment of biodiversity-related financial risks (BRFR) in Georgia and provides quantitative estimates of the dependencies and impacts of the financial system on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The findings reveal that around 46 percent of Georgian commercial banks' lending portfolio to legal entities could be exposed to biodiversity-related physical risk, being moderately or highly/very highly dependent on one or more ecosystem services. Additionally, around 54 percent of Georgian banks’ business lending portfolio could be exposed to sectors that strongly impact ecosystem services and, thus, may face a high transition risk. |
| Keywords: | Biodiversity; Biodiversity-related Financial Risks; Ecosystem Services, ENCORE |
| JEL: | E58 G21 Q01 Q57 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aez:wpaper:2023-02&r=env |
| By: | Weihua Ruan (Purdue University Northwest, USA); Benteng Zou (DEM, Université du Luxembourg) |
| Abstract: | With the exhaustion of non-renewable resources and the increasing importance of criti- cal materials for the transition to clean technology, recycling is being called into action. Fulfilling demand for critical minerals involves challenges such as supply chain disruption, resource depletion and positive minimum demand, however. Under Markovian competi- tion between an exporting cartel and an importing country, we demonstrate that (i) if both virgin and recyclable resources are abundant, multiple subgame perfect Markovian Nash equilibria arise; (ii) if the exporting cartel can choose which Nash equilibrium to follow, when the cost of exploiting the non-renewable resource is sufficiently high, stopping the supply of virgin resource to the market is the Nash equilibrium; (iii) the consequence of this choice is that when the recyclable resource is exhausted, there is no Nash equilibrium anymore, although there remains virgin resource to exploit. |
| Keywords: | critical minerals, recycling, import and export, differential game, Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman. |
| JEL: | Q34 C61 D4 L72 L12 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:luc:wpaper:23-04&r=env |
| By: | Robinson, Elizabeth |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2023–10–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:120504&r=env |
| By: | Mai-Thi Ta (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Léa Tardieu (UMR TETIS - Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Harold Levrel (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | As the multiple benefits from exposure to urban green spaces (UGSs) are increasingly acknowledged, urban greening policies have become an important component of the urban political agenda. Most targeting strategies of future UGS development are based on the pursuit of an equal distribution of UGSs among residents. These strategies implicitly assume that the development of any type of UGS will have the same effect on citizens' well-being, provided that their access is guaranteed. This paper questions this assumption and addresses the demand side of urban greening policies by evaluating which UGS characteristics are sought by urban dwellers. We apply a travel time-based discrete choice experiment (DCE) to capture the trade-offs between the UGS characteristics (e.g., tree cover, size, presence of water, accessibility) and the travel time that citizens are willing to spend to reach a hypothetical UGS compared to a "stay at home" option. We discover that all the respondents have a disutility in choosing the "stay at home" option instead of a scenario of UGS development, especially when the UGS contains trees. This disutility is however much higher among outer suburb inhabitants living in municipalities with relatively lower urbanization levels and rent prices. Further, the global time budget dedicated to reach a UGS is much lower for inner-city residents compared to outer-suburb inhabitants. Inhabitants living in less urbanized areas place a higher value on a large UGS (> 1.5 hectares), while residents living in city centres do not seem to be influenced by this UGS characteristic. Our results suggest that strategies based on access criteria would benefit from being differentiated according to urbanization levels of cities, as the inhabitants of city centres value nearby and multiple UGSs but not necessarily large UGSs while the inhabitants of suburbs value larger UGSs, even when located farther away. urban green spaces-recreational services-urban greening policies-preference heterogeneity-choice experiment-green infrastructures |
| Abstract: | Les multiples avantages de l'exposition aux espaces verts urbains (EVU) étant de mieux en mieux reconnus, les politiques de renaturation sont devenues une composante importante de l'agenda politique urbain. La plupart des stratégies de ciblage des futurs EVU sont fondées sur la recherche d'une répartition égale des espaces verts urbains entre les résidents. Ces stratégies supposent implicitement que le développement de tout type d'EVU aura le même effet sur le bien-être des citoyens, à condition que leur accès soit garanti. Cet article interroge cette hypothèse en caractérisant la demande en EVU et en spécifiant les caractéristiques recherchées selon les profils sociodémographiques des habitants. Pour cela, nous avons réalisé une expérience de choix discrets basée sur des temps de trajets mesurant les arbitrages entre différents attributs constitutifs des EVU (couvert forestier, taille, forme, accessibilité) et le temps de trajet que les habitants accepteraient d'effectuer pour se rendre dans un espace vert fictif. Nous montrons que l'ensemble des résidents a une désutilité à choisir l'option "rester à la maison" plutôt qu'un scénario de développement d'un EVU, en particulier lorsque l'EVU contient des arbres. Cette désutilité est cependant beaucoup plus élevée chez les habitants des banlieues, vivant dans des municipalités à faibles taux d'urbanisation et à loyers modérées. Par ailleurs, le budget temps global consacré pour atteindre un EVU est beaucoup plus faible pour les habitants des centres-villes que pour ceux des banlieues. Enfin, les habitants des zones moins urbanisées accordent une plus grande valeur aux grands EVU (> 1, 5 hectares), tandis que les habitants des centres-villes ne semblent pas être influencés par cette caractéristique. Les résultats suggèrent que les stratégies basées sur des critères d'accès gagneraient à être différenciées en fonction du taux d'urbanisation des villes, car les habitants des centres-villes semblent mieux valoriser des EVU proches et nombreux mais pas nécessairement grands, tandis que les habitants des banlieues valorisent des EVU plus grands, même lorsqu'ils sont plus éloignés |
| Keywords: | urban green spaces, recreational services, urban greening policies, preference heterogeneity, choice experiment, green infrastructures, espaces verts urbains, services récréatifs, végétalisation, hétérogénéité des préférences, expérience de choix, infrastructures vertes |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04210911&r=env |
| By: | Siwar Khelifa; Jie He |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the overall long-term effects of the Two Control Zones policy, implemented by the Chinese government to reduce air pollution, on children’s human capital development. Estimates show that exposure to this policy, during the year of birth, is associated, 15 years later, with an increased probability to obtain better standardized test scores and thus to join a higher quality high school and an increased probability to join an academic high school. These results provide an additional evidence in favor of environmental policies as promising inputs for human capital formation. The beneficial effects are found to be accentuated among girls and children born to fathers with low education levels, suggesting that environmental regulations may help reducing some of the educational disparities, in a developing country context. Projecting forward, results also suggest better future higher education and labor market outcomes. The findings are robust to various alternative hypotheses and specifications. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:irn:wpaper:23-04&r=env |
| By: | Frank Kwakutse Ametefe; David Kitulazzi; Precious Brenni; Francois Viruly |
| Abstract: | Sustainability is increasingly gaining importance across the globe among investors, regulators, banks, governments, and various other stakeholders. The impact of different elements of sustainability such as corporate governance have also been studied extensively. Ametefe et al. (2023) identified two major strands of literature which consider the benefits of incorporating sustainable investment considerations in the investment decision of real estate firms. One strand looks at how sustainable investment practices impact the operating cost and profitability of real estate firms while a second strand looks at how ESG factors impact market fundamentals such as stock prices, return on asset, return on equity etc. Many of these studies however take a view that there is a uni-directional relationship between sustainable investment and real estate firm performance. The objective of this study is however to analyse the dynamic interrelationship between sustainable investment and the performance of real estate firms. The present study employs the ESG framework which evaluates a firm’s sustainable investment practices using the three pillars of environmental, social and governance sustainability. We make use of the Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) approach to testing Granger Causality which can be applied to a panel dataset. This test helps to determine if there is any, uni-directional or bi- directional relationship between real estate firm performance and the different elements of sustainability. The main focus of this paper is on listed real estate firms in South Africa, both REITs and non-REITs. The real estate market in market in developing countries have not been adequately represented in studies on this topic. For completeness however, we will include all firms listed on the JSE for which Bloomberg provides ESG data. Our analysis would be carried out on the overall ESG scores as well as specific ESG pillars i.e., Environmental, Social and Governance sustainability indicators. To determine how ESG scores vary between REITs and non-REITs, and also among the different industries and sectors, we will employ two tests, the Kruskal and Wallis (1952) test for K-independent samples and the Cuzick and Edwards (1990) test. These tests have been widely used to assess possible differences across independent samples (Wasiuzzaman et al., 2022). |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:afr:wpaper:afres2023-021&r=env |
| By: | Anna Bartczak (University of Warsaw, Faculty of Economic Sciences); Wiktor Budziński (University of Warsaw, Faculty of Economic Sciences); Ulf Liebe (University of Warwick, Departement of Sociology); Jurgen Meyerhoff (Berlin School of Economics and Law) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we investigate the effect of respondents’ attitudes concerning distributive justice in payments on their stated preferences for programmes reducing ambient air pollution in four cities in Poland. By combining two multi-factorial survey experiments, we propose a novel approach of incorporating justice attitudes into non-market valuation. In the first experiment – a factorial survey experiment (FSE) – we record justice attitudes towards payments. In the second experiment – a choice experiment (CE) – we elicit stated preferences for air pollution reduction programmes. As a modelling framework, we employ a hybrid choice model. The same respondents undertook both experiments in separate surveys one to two weeks apart, minimising the likelihood of biased estimates of the effect of justice attitudes on stated preferences. The results indicate a substantial effect of the justice attitude on the stated willingness to pay. The proposed approach could be used for joint modelling of justice attitudes and preferences in a wide range of fields, contributing further insights into their interactions. |
| Keywords: | air pollution, choice experiment, distributive justice attitude, factorial survey experiment, hybrid choice model, willingness to pay |
| JEL: | D63 I18 Q51 Q53 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:war:wpaper:2023-26&r=env |
| By: | Tanhua Jin; Kailai Wang; Yanan Xin; Jian Shi; Ye Hong; Frank Witlox |
| Abstract: | Enhanced efforts in the transportation sector should be implemented to mitigate the adverse effects of CO2 emissions resulting from zoning-based planning paradigms. The innovative concept of the 15-minute city, with a focus on proximity-based planning, holds promise in minimizing unnecessary travel and advancing the progress toward achieving carbon neutrality. However, an important research question that remains insufficiently explored is: to what extent is a 15-minute city concept within reach for US cities? This paper establishes a comprehensive framework to evaluate the 15-minute city concept using SafeGraph Point of Interest (POI) check-in data in the 12 most populous US cities. The results reveal that residents are more likely to rely on cars due to the fact that most of their essential activities are located beyond convenient walking, cycling, and public transit distances. However, there is significant potential for the implementation of the 15-minute city concept, as most residents' current activities can be accommodated within a 15-minute radius by the aforementioned low-emission modes of transportation. Our findings can offer policymakers insight into how far US cities are away from the 15-minute city and the potential CO2 emission reduction they can expect if the concept is successfully implemented. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2310.14383&r=env |
| By: | Weihua Ruan (Purdue University Northwest, USA); Benteng Zou (DEM, Université du Luxembourg) |
| Abstract: | Critical minerals are essential to the success of the transition to clean and sustainable technology. However, critical minerals face supply chain disruption, resource depletion, a lack of recycling technology and minimum demand, which may be increasing over time, at least in the short run. This paper models critical mineral extraction and recycling strategies under international cooperation and open-loop commitment competition. We show that (1) recycling technology can only partially reduce dependence on the virgin supply of critical minerals, given that recycling essentially relies on the accumulated supply from depletable resources; (2) the social planner's Markovian optimal market supply is based on either virgin or recyclable resources, with the more socially desirable being used first; (3) if the recyclable resource is exhausted, the social planner does not have an optimal choice regarding how to exploit the remaining virgin resource; but (4) under open-loop commitment, the two resources can coexist until the virgin resource is exhausted |
| Keywords: | critical mineral, recycling, import and export, differential game. |
| JEL: | Q34 C61 D4 L72 L12 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:luc:wpaper:23-03&r=env |
| By: | Tom Nonnenmacher; Jenny Nelson; Benedict Winchester |
| Abstract: | The rising energy prices in Europe and the urgent need to address global warming have sparked a significant increase in the installation of domestic photovoltaic systems to harness solar energy. However, since solar energy is available only during daytime hours and its availability varies daily, effectively shifting energy use becomes crucial. Whilst batteries can assist in storing excess energy, their high prices hinder their widespread adoption. In this study, we explore the importance of load to maximise return on investment. We propose an incremental approach to fitting load profiles into the production envelope, allowing for practical implementation. We compare different meter resolutions: 1 second, 5 minutes, 15 minutes, and 1 hour. Our analysis reveals that making real-time decisions (per second) leads to significant energy savings of 16\% compared to hourly decisions. Furthermore, we explore three types of device management strategies: ON/OFF management independent of PV production, ON/OFF management based on the current PV production, ON/OFF management based on both current and forecasted PV production, utilising an optimal fit algorithm. Through our study, we demonstrate that our implementation of the third approach outperforms a standard management approach, resulting in more than 17% cost savings. This study provides insights into the optimisation of load-shifting strategies in domestic photovoltaic installations, highlighting the importance of load control and the potential benefits in maximising the utilisation of solar energy while minimising energy costs and environmental impact. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2310.09323&r=env |
| By: | Taron, Avinandan (International Water Management Institute); Majumder, A.; Bodach, Susanne (International Water Management Institute); Agbefu, Dzifa (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Resource recovery; Resource management; Reuse; Circular economy; Bioeconomy; Public-private partnerships; Developing countries; Case studies; Waste management; Solid wastes; Recycling; Composting; Organic wastes; Organic fertilizers; Bioenergy; Biogas; Briquettes; Business models; Markets; Scaling up; Appropriate technology; Innovation; Financial analysis; Risk management; Policies; Regulations; Legal frameworks; Economic viability; Feasibility studies; Project |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052155&r=env |
| By: | Yoon, Yeochang |
| Abstract: | South Korea has set ambitious greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets. However, the country currently confronts a decline in the price of emission permits. This downward trend could obstruct the successful realization of GHG objectives through market mechanisms. The current emissions trading scheme (ETS) restricts banking of excess emission allowances, which has been identified as the main reason of the ongoing price decline. Consequently, this restriction hinders the adequate reflection of updated targets within the emissions trading market. To address this issue and avert potential shocks from a substantial reduction in emission allowance supply during Phase IV, it is necessary to relax the banking restrictions. At the same time, to proactively manage potential price escalations resulting from eased restrictions on permit banking, supplementary measures are required. These measures could include the introduction of explicit market stability mechanisms utilizing allowance reserves and the expansion of allowance supply channels. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:kdifoc:123&r=env |
| By: | Marius Servais; Wolfgang Brunauer |
| Abstract: | The ESG topic has arrived in the European finance & real estate industry (RE) at the latest with the European Commission's Sustainable Finance Action Plan. ESG stands for "Environment - Social - Governance" and is intended to examine all relevant areas of economic activity for their environmental ("E") and social ("S") compatibility, as well as sustainable corporate governance ("G"). The real estate sector is of particular interest. In our latitudes, buildings are responsible for 40 percent of total energy, 30 percent of CO² emissions and consume a large amount of resources, in particular land, during construction and operation. On the one hand, regulations such as the EU Taxonomy (2020/852), SFDR (2019/2088), directives such as NFRD/CSRD, as well as guidelines from European and national financial supervisors including central banks are forcing companies and financial market participants to non-financial/sustainable disclosure. On the other hand, the market demand exerts pressure on real estate actors to improve in terms of sustainability. The revival of sustainable building certifications (DGNB, LEED, BREAM, etc.) can be seen as proof. Both developments (i.e. the sustainability performance of buildings), have or will have a financial impact on real estate assets and the market. This corresponds to the underlying logic of ESG, according to which sustainability stands in a reciprocity with the financial performance of an economic activity and/or asset. In the mid- & long term, sustainability enhances financial returns through risk reduction and growth opportunities. However, the technical implementation of ESG, in particular the financial aspect, still remains difficult. Existing ESG ratings have multiple deficiencies, they are (either)… assessing RE Companies based on disclosure reports without any information on assets level (ex. MSCI). are mainly expert-based weightings of ESG indicators with limited conclusion on financial implications (ex. GRESB). are assessing single objects with a dependency on lots of input data provided by RE asset managers or owners (ex. GRESB). Furthermore, data and methodology divergences are causing incomparableness. The research done by DataScience Service GmbH (DSS), a proptech/fintech company based in Vienna with focus on automatic real estate valuation (AVM), consists of two mayor efforts tackling some of the existing deficiencies. The development of an ESG tool which is capable of a nationwide ESG performance monitoring of assets and parcels with regulatory conformity. The underlying ESG indicators assess new and existing buildings, and are sensitive to different building types. The translation of ESG performance data into financial risks. A core component will be the integration of the ESG performance data into our AVM (regression model) to determine (statistically) the financial impact on real estate value (long term goal – no findings yet). The current status of our research will be presented at the conference focusing on the first mayor effort. The ESG tool required the development of a new conceptual framework structuring ESG indicators and a multi-scale hierarchy (market – location – property). The derived ESG indicators considering physical & transitional risks are the result of an intensive screening process of regulatory, certification and disclosure frameworks. The methods are based on scientific findings and therefore, they are referred to as "hard facts" (quantitative metrics), i.e. they are objective, independent and verifiable. The foundation of the tool relies on the combination of high-resolution images from air, space and property (including interior images), as well as other geodata, floor plan and other third-party documents such as energy performance certificates, building certificates and consumption data. This variety of data is analyzed using the latest methods of image recognition, time spatial analysis (GIS), text mining, etc. A particular advantage of high-resolution earth observation / geospatial data is, in addition to the spatial resolution and the global coverage, the possibility of constant monitoring. This means that the smallest changes can be detected at an early stage and immediately communicated to affected stakeholders. The new approach enables a high quality & consistent ESG rating at granular level (property level). |
| Keywords: | Esg; ESG rating; financial impact; sustainability |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_301&r=env |
| By: | Armanda Cetrulo; Giovanni Dosi; Angelo Moro; Linnea Nelli; Maria Enrica Virgillito |
| Abstract: | This position paper outlines the characteristics of the trends at stake in affecting the twin transition in the European automotive industry, and the political economy of the actors behind such transition. We first describe the automation and digitalization processes in the automotive sector and their effects on employment. Possible scenarios are analysed, illustrating actual cases of electrification conversion of some European plants of the key OEMs companies as practical examples to understand the employment effects. We then consider the role of the regulatory push in fostering the transition of the automotive sector towards electrification, highlighting the non-neutrality of the process and the risk of a quite limited space for decarbonization. Finally, we discuss the space and capacity of trade unions' actions to orient the twin transition toward social and climate justice. |
| Keywords: | Social dialogue; trade unions; employment; political economy. |
| Date: | 2023–10–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2023/36&r=env |
| By: | Nicolas Raineri (ICN Business School); Corentin Hericher; Jorge Humberto Mejía-Morelos; Pascal Paillé |
| Abstract: | This study draws on deontic justice theory to examine an unexplored socioemotional micro-foundation of corporate social responsibility (CSR), namely anticipated guilt, in an effort to improve our understanding of employees' moral reactions to their organization's CSR. We empirically investigate whether environmental CSR induces anticipated guilt (i.e., concerns about future guilt for not contributing to organizational CSR) leading to organizational environmental citizenship behavior. We also consider two boundary conditions related to the social nature of anticipated guilt: line manager support for the environment and negative environmental group norms. To test our hypotheses, we analyzed data from a convenience sample of 503 managers working in Mexican organizations, using Latent Moderated Structural equation modeling. Overall, our results support the deontic argument that employees care about CSR because CSR embodies moral concerns. Specifically, our findings show that efforts to avoid a guilty conscience increase when the line manager provides increased resources and control to act for the environment, and when group members do not care for the environment, suggesting that employees feel they have to compensate for their group's moral failure. |
| Date: | 2022–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03796112&r=env |
| By: | Suphi Sen; Dewy Verhoeven; Hans-Peter Weikard |
| Abstract: | Land subsidence threatens the living conditions of roughly 1.2 billion people worldwide in deltaic regions characterized by soft top soil. Economic activity in deltaic regions requires lowering the groundwater levels to keep the land sufficiently dry to maintain productivity, which, however, leaves future generations worse off by accelerating subsidence and increasing future costs. The current policymaking is often myopic by ignoring this intertemporal trade-off. This paper provides a model recognizing this trade-off: we integrate the dynamics of land subsidence and groundwater management to derive optimal paths for controlling the groundwater level. Applying our model to the paradigm case of Dutch agricultural peatlands, we find that the welfare costs of ignoring dynamic efficiency can be in the order of 10 percent of the land value. Our results support current proposals to slow down subsidence by increasing the groundwater levels even in the absence of its social benefits such as avoided carbon dioxide emissions. |
| Keywords: | land subsidence, agricultural production, intertemporal trade-offs, water management, optimal control |
| JEL: | C61 Q15 Q24 Q25 Q50 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10683&r=env |
| By: | Stephen Gibbons; Cheng Keat Tang |
| Abstract: | Overhead electrical power lines and pylons have long raised concerns regarding the effects of electromagnetic fields on health, noise pollution and the visual impact on rural landscapes. These issues are once again salient because of the need for new lines to connect sources of renewable energy to the grid. In this study we provide new evidence on the cost implied by these externalities, as revealed in house prices. We use a spatial difference-in-difference approach that compares price changes in neighbourhoods that are close to overhead power lines, before and after they are constructed, with price changes in comparable neighbourhoods further away. Our findings suggest that the construction of new overhead pylons reduces prices by 3.6% for properties up to 1200 meters away, suggesting the impacts extend further than previously estimated. |
| Keywords: | externalities, overhead power lines, pylons, house prices, revealed preferences |
| Date: | 2023–08–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1942&r=env |
| By: | Andrea El Meligi (European Commission - JRC); Valeria Ferreira (Universitat Rovira i Virgili); Emanuele Ferrari (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | A Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) is a comprehensive and economy-wide database that records data on all transactions taking place in an economy over a specific period, typically one year. The SAM serves two primary objectives. Firstly, it presents the economic structure and interrelationships among economic agents in the region under analysis. Secondly, it provides a database for analysing the economy’s performance and simulating the effects of policy interventions through multisectoral linear models and computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. This paper presents the 2016 SAM for Cameroon, offering a suitable database for implementing and evaluating the country's developmental, social, economic and environmental policies. The paper outlines how to pass from a standard structure of the SAM to a detailed scheme by explaining all the accounts included, and covering key aspects of its construction and estimation. This SAM presents a high level of disaggregation by encompassing labour and household characteristics, along with satellite accounts for employment and emissions. The SAM is used as a database to perform a descriptive analysis of the Cameroonian economy and to obtain results that focus on the three sustainability dimensions: social, economic and environmental. |
| Keywords: | input-output analysis, multipliers, regional studies, country report, emissions, jobs creation |
| JEL: | D10 D33 D57 E16 E20 N17 N37 N47 N57 N67 N77 O55 Q17 Q18 Q52 Q56 R15 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:eapoaf:202305&r=env |
| By: | Nils Ferrand (STEEP - Sustainability transition, environment, economy and local policy - Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - LJK - Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, UM - Université de Montpellier, INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, IRSTEA - Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture) |
| Keywords: | ingénierie de la participation, aide à a décision, transitions, participation du public |
| Date: | 2022–11–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04233311&r=env |
| By: | Marco Rogna (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Protected areas are a widely diffused instrument for preserving the environment by restricting human activities in locations with a high natural value. However, such restrictions may create discontent on nearby inhabitants or on economic actors that are prevented from exploiting the resources present in protected areas. This may easily lead to violations. Encroachment, the use of land inside protected areas for agricultural purposes, is a common violation. The present paper investigates the determinants of encroachment in Western African countries. The focus is placed on the agro-economic determinants. Protected areas in locations with strong agricultural vocation or with high percentage of protected land are more likely to be subject to violations. Furthermore, economic deprivation and land profitability are other two mild drivers of encroachment together with mechanization. Other indicators of modern practices such as irrigation and use of inorganic fertilizers, instead, do not increase the probability of violations to protected areas. |
| Keywords: | Africa; Agriculture; Encroachment; Protected Areas; Tobit. |
| JEL: | Q12 Q18 Q24 Q57 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:eapoaf:202303&r=env |
| By: | Nils Ferrand (STEEP - Sustainability transition, environment, economy and local policy - Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - LJK - Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, UM - Université de Montpellier, IRSTEA - Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture) |
| Keywords: | participation du public, gouvernance, planification, engagement des acteurs |
| Date: | 2023–03–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04233810&r=env |
| By: | Patrice Loisel (MISTEA - Mathématiques, Informatique et STatistique pour l'Environnement et l'Agronomie - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier); Marielle Brunette (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Stéphane Couture (MIAT INRAE - Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Date: | 2023–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04236386&r=env |
| By: | Christian Krekel; Johannes Rode; Alexander Roth |
| Abstract: | While wind power is considered key in the transition towards net zero, there are concerns about adverse health impacts on nearby residents. Based on precise geographical coordinates, we link a representative longitudinal household panel to all wind turbines in Germany and exploit their staggered rollout over two decades for identification. We do not find evidence of negative effects on general, mental, or physical health in the 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12), nor on self-assessed health or doctor visits. We also do not find evidence for effects on suicides, an extreme measure of negative mental health outcomes, at the county level. |
| Keywords: | wind turbines, externalities, health, renewable energy, difference-in-differences, event study, Wellbeing |
| Date: | 2023–10–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1950&r=env |
| By: | Kenneth Houngbedji (DIAL - Développement, institutions et analyses de long terme, LEDa - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Benoît Mertens (UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - AU - Avignon Université - UR - Université de La Réunion - UG - Université de Guyane - UA - Université des Antilles - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Dans son rapport sur l'état des forêts tropicales humides du monde de 2020, l'organisation des nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO) estime que le taux annuel moyen de déforestation sur la dernière décennie en Afrique est, comparativement aux autres continents, le plus élevé au monde (4, 4 millions ha/an). De plus, la déforestation en Afrique se concentre en particulier dans les forêts denses humides d'Afrique Centrale qui représentent le second massif forestier tropical du monde après l'Amazonie. Dans cet article nous présentons la politique des plans d'aménagement forestiers (PAF) qui a pour ambition de créer un cadre propice pour une production durable de bois dans les forêts d'Afrique Centrale. Nous résumons ensuite les résultats d'études empiriques qui proposent une évaluation des effets de l'aménagement sur les conditions de vie de différents groupes de population dans la région. |
| Keywords: | Afrique centrale, Economie de l’environnement, Sylviculture, Aires protégées, Biodiversité, Conditions de travail, Conditions de vie |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04233365&r=env |
| By: | Gebhardt, Beate; Hellstern, Laura |
| Abstract: | Die Forschung zu den Effekten von Nachhaltigkeitsawards und ihrem Potenzial zur einer Nachhaltigkeitstransformation beizutragen stellt aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht eine Nische dar. Vor dem Hintergrund einer zunehmenden Vielzahl an Awards in der Praxis, die sich an Unternehmen richten, multiplen Krisen, die Unternehmen in unterschiedlicher Weise „stören“ sowie neuen EU-Regelungen, wie zur evidenzbasierten Unte¬rnehmens¬¬kommuni¬kation über öko¬logische Aspekte, ist die Frage nach der Kraft von Awards neu zu beleuchten und Antworten wichtiger als zuvor. In einer Doppel¬studie im Rahmen des Deutschen Bundes¬stiftung Umwelt (DBU) geförderten Projekts SIEGER, wurden dazu im Früh¬jahr 2023 deutschland¬weiten Vergabe¬institutionen von Awards sowie Unternehmen online befragt. Ziel war es, herauszufinden, welche Effekte Nachhaltigkeitsawards (NHA) aus Sicht von Ver¬gabe¬-institutionen, den Award-Geber*innen, und von Unter¬nehmen, den Award-Nehmer*innen, haben und welchen Beitrag sie zu einer Nach¬haltig¬keitstransformation leisten können. Nachhaltigkeitsawards werden meist positive bis sehr positive Effekte zugeschrieben, sowohl auf der Mikroebene (Mitarbeiter*innenmotivation), vor allem aber auf der Mesoebene (Imagegewinn; Wahrnehmung), weniger auf der Makroebene (ökologische Aspekte; soziale Aspekte). Die Bewertung der Kraft von Awards, deren Wirkungs¬richtung und Stärke, in dieser Studie ist perzipiert und wird durch das unterschiedliche Framing der Befragten geprägt. Award-Geber*innen und Preisträger*innen überschätzen die Wahr¬nehmung von Awards von Dritten sowie die externen Lerneffekte (Nachahm-effekte). Der Themenfokus Nachhaltigkeit lässt Ver¬gabe¬¬institutionen von Nachhaltigkeits¬awards die anvisierten ökologische Effekte einer Award¬vergabe überzeichnen. Aus Sicht der meisten Befragten können Awards zur Nachhaltigkeits¬trans¬formation bei¬tragen. NHA wird im Vergleich zu anderen Awards dabei mehr Kraft und ein positiverer Beitrag zur Nachhaltig-keitstransformation zugeschrieben. Die Analyse verdeutlicht zudem, Awards sind ein Spiegel der aktuellen politischen und gesellschaftlichen Forderungen und Entwicklungen. Jenseits eines ökologischen Claims „Nach¬¬haltigkeits¬¬award“ integrieren Awards sozial-ökologische Aspekte in ihren An¬forderungen an die unter¬nehmerischen Teilnehmenden des Wettbewerbs. Die Weiterentwicklung von Nachhaltigkeitsawards kann demnach durch eine interne Entwicklung auf Seiten der Vergabeinstitutionen erfolgen und durch externe Ma߬nahmen unterstützt werden. ---------- From an academic perspective, research on the effects of sustainability awards and their potential to contribute to sustainability transformation represents a niche. Against the backdrop of an increasing number of awards targeting companies and multiple crises "disrupting" companies in different ways and new EU regulations, such as on evidence-based corporate communication on environmental aspects, the question of the power of awards needs to be re-examined and answers are more important than ever. In a double study within the framework of the SIEGER project funded by the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU), awarding institutions and companies throughout Germany were surveyed online in spring 2023. The objective was to discover first the effects of sustainability awards from the point of view of award-giving institutions, the donators, and companies, the award-recipients, and second the contribution they can make to a sustainability transformation. Sustainability awards are mostly attributed positive to very positive effects, both on the micro level (employee motivation), but especially on the meso level (image gain; awareness), less so on the macro level (ecological aspects; social aspects). The evaluation of the power of awards, their direction of impact and strength, in this study is perceived and is shaped by the different framing of the respondents. Award donors and winners overestimate the perception of awards by third parties as well as the external learning effects (imitation effects). The thematic focus on sustainability leads awarding institutions to overstate the intended ecological effects of an award. The majority of respondents believe that awards can contribute to sustainability transformation. Compared to other awards, sustainability awards are seen as having more power and making a more positive contribution to sustainability transformation. The analysis also shows that awards are a mirror of current political and social demands and developments. Beyond the ecological claim "sustainability award", awards integrate socio-ecological aspects in their requirements for the entrepreneurial participants of the competition. The further development of sustainability awards can therefore be achieved through internal development on the part of the awarding institutions and supported by external measures. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2023–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uhgewp:338798&r=env |
| By: | Calá, Carla Daniela |
| Abstract: | El objetivo es exponer ejemplos de iniciativas con triple impacto (económico, social y ambiental) ligadas a la pesca extractiva y su cadena de valor, un sector productivo tradicional e intensivo en recursos naturales. La intención es proporcionar evidencia que permita visualizar a la economía circular y a las tecnologías para la sustentabilidad como oportunidades de desarrollo tecnológico e industrial, creación de empleo, agregado de valor, desarrollo local e inserción internacional virtuosa. Además, se identifican las principales fortalezas, debilidades y limitaciones para el crecimiento de estas actividades y se esbozan algunos lineamientos que deberían ser tenidos en cuenta al momento de pensar acciones de política pública. La metodología es de tipo cualitativa y se basa en entrevistas semiestructuradas a 15 informantes clave y en el análisis de información secundaria. Las principales limitaciones identificadas son: a) la existencia de un contexto sectorial complejo que no ubica la problemática ambiental como prioridad, b) los motivos económicos, sociales y culturales que obstaculizan la adopción de estas nuevas tecnologías, c) la necesidad de interdisciplina y vínculos público-privados para pasar de la escala de laboratorio a la piloto, y de allí a la industrial, d) las dificultades para comercializar bienes y servicios innovadores con triple impacto. |
| Keywords: | Economía Circular; Innovación Tecnológica; Desarrollo Sustentable; Pesca; |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:3956&r=env |
| By: | Magazzino, Cosimo; Drago, Carlo; Schneider, Nicolas |
| Abstract: | The increasing mismatch between the demand and supply of power in Nigeria raises concerns about the ability of this country to meet its vital energy security and sustainability targets in a demography-growing environment. This paper assesses how these three factors comove over the long run. While Nigeria provides an illustrative case, a multivariate framework including population dynamics, the demand for electricity, and CO2 emissions from the power and heating sector is set with actual time-series data spanning the last five decades. Two independent estimation strategies are conducted: a time-series analysis (i.e., Least Squares with breaks regression) is complemented with Machine Learning experiments (i.e., ML Clustering method). In general, both methodologies’ outputs stress the engine role of the population in driving the demand for power over the long run. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions; electricity; energy security; machine Learning; population; sustainability; time series |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2023–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:119355&r=env |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | This paper provides an overview of agro-food value chains in the EU Outermost Regions (EU ORs). It assesses emerging trends, discusses opportunities and challenges, reviews the policy frameworks and tools that can strengthen the beneficial participation of EU ORs in international agro-food value chains, and proposes priority actions. The paper is developed within the framework of the EU-OECD project on Global Outermost Regions. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture and Natural Resources, EU Outermost Regions, Global Value Chains, Regional Development |
| JEL: | L15 L66 O13 O52 O55 R11 R58 O54 |
| Date: | 2023–10–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:dcdaab:49-en&r=env |
| By: | Nils Ferrand (STEEP - Sustainability transition, environment, economy and local policy - Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - LJK - Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, UM - Université de Montpellier, IRSTEA - Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture); Mathilde Boissier (STEEP - Sustainability transition, environment, economy and local policy - Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - LJK - Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Wanda Aquae-Gaudi (STEEP - Sustainability transition, environment, economy and local policy - Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - LJK - Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Peter Sturm (STEEP - Sustainability transition, environment, economy and local policy - Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - LJK - Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Nous discutons ici six « méta-stratégies » opérationnelles (méthode & outil) pour faciliter la mise en place et le respect de trois types de critères éthiques (des procédures participatives, des démarches scientifiques, conséquentialistes) pour l'usage de la modélisation dans les processus de participation décisionnelle appliqués à la gestion publique socio-environnementale. |
| Keywords: | éthique procédurale, conséquentialisme, modélisation, participation décisionnelle, recherche-intervention |
| Date: | 2023–02–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04233913&r=env |
| By: | Hunt Allcott; Giovanni Montanari; Bora Ozaltun; Brandon Tan |
| Abstract: | The growing discussions of impact investing and stakeholder capitalism have increased interest in measuring companies' social impact. We conceptualize corporate social impact as the welfare loss that would be caused by a firm's exit. To illustrate, we quantify the social impacts of 74 firms in 12 industries using a new survey measuring consumer and worker substitution patterns combined with models of product and labor markets. We find that consumer surplus is the primary component of social impact (dwarfing profits, worker surplus, and externalities), suggesting that consumer impacts deserve more attention from impact investors. Existing ESG and social impact ratings are essentially unrelated to our economically grounded measures. |
| JEL: | D6 J23 L13 L62 L66 L71 L81 L93 M14 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31803&r=env |
| By: | Perdiani, Firna |
| Abstract: | materi kedua managing diversity |
| Date: | 2023–10–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ekhwu&r=env |
| By: | Apriliani, Anissa |
| Abstract: | Diversity adalah jumlah total perbedaan yang membuat individu menjadi mereka. Managing diversity adalah pilihan sadar dan komitmen organisasi terhafap velue |
| Date: | 2023–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:r5j8f&r=env |
| By: | Oto-Peralías, Daniel (Universidad Pablo de Olavide); Cuberes, David |
| Abstract: | This paper uses Spanish data to study whether the presence of large estates (latifundia) increases the probability of installing mega photovoltaic plants in a municipality. First, we document that the percentage of municipalities with mega plants is much higher in municipalities with large estates. Second, we perform an intra-municipal analysis at the 0.5x0.5km cell level and show that cells located in larger register (cadastral) parcels have a higher probability of being part of a mega photovoltaic installation. These results are important in order to assess the costs and benefits of such investments, in a context of growing opposition by rural populations. Our results also exemplify how a historically rooted economic factor, land inequality, plays an important role in determining the location of these facilities. |
| Date: | 2023–10–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:hakt5&r=env |
| By: | , Ismaya |
| Abstract: | pengantar manajemen "diversity managing" |
| Date: | 2023–10–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:qjb46&r=env |