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on Environmental Economics |
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Issue of 2023‒10‒16
sixty-six papers chosen by Francisco S. Ramos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
| By: | Ben Henderson; Jussi Lankoski |
| Abstract: | Increasing agricultural productivity growth sustainably can help to address the triple challenge of providing sufficient affordable and nutritious food for a growing global population, while supporting sector livelihoods and improving environmental outcomes. However, challenges remain in measuring environmentally sustainable productivity growth. This study uses alternative approaches to address these challenges and provides answers to the following questions: i) has Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth coincided with improved environmental outcomes?; and ii) has the agricultural productivity and environmental performance of countries improved over time? While there is compelling evidence that TFP growth has helped countries to expand agricultural output and reduce greenhouse gas emissions per unit of output, these emissions increased in absolute terms for about half of the OECD countries assessed and nitrogen surpluses increased for about one-third. While these environmental impacts would have been larger if output had expanded in the absence of productivity growth, there is room to steer innovation in the sector in a more environmentally sustainable direction. |
| Keywords: | agri-environmental indicators, greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient balances, Total factor productivity |
| JEL: | D24 Q01 Q10 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–09–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:204-en&r=env |
| By: | Simplice A. Asongu (Johannesburg, South Africa); Cheikh T. Ndour (University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal) |
| Abstract: | This article examines how good governance counteracts the effects of military expenditure on carbon emissions in forty African countries. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is used to analyze time series data from 2010-2020. Military expenditure per capita is used to measure military expenditure per penetration, while CO2 emissions per capita are used as an indicator of environmental degradation. The following findings are established. First, from the non-interactive regressions, we find suggestive evidence that arms expenditure increases CO2 emissions. All indicators of good governance contribute to the increase of CO2 emissions. Second, with interactive regressions, we find that improved governance has a negative effect on CO2 emissions per capita. Third, the results are robust to a sensitivity check, considering the synergy effects of governance. This paper provides policy recommendations on low-carbon economies, military expenditure and governance that could help to ensure environmental sustainability by reducing CO2 emissions. In addition, the study findings can provide guidance to other developing countries seeking to implement effective approaches to environmental sustainability while strengthening climate change mitigation and adaptation measures. |
| Keywords: | climate change; Emission reduction; Environmental degradation; Sustainability; Econometric analysis |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:23/051&r=env |
| By: | S. El Geneidy; S. Baumeister; M. Peura; J. S. Kotiaho |
| Abstract: | Transformative changes in our production and consumption habits are needed to enable the sustainability transition towards carbon neutrality, no net loss of biodiversity, and planetary well-being. Organizations are the way we humans have organized our everyday life, and much of our negative environmental impacts, also called carbon and biodiversity footprints, are caused by organizations. Here we show how the financial accounts of any organization can be exploited to develop an integrated carbon and biodiversity footprint account. As a metric we utilize spatially explicit potential global loss of species which, we argue, can be understood as the biodiversity equivalent, the utility of which for biodiversity is similar to what carbon dioxide equivalent is for climate. We provide a global Biodiversity Footprint Database that organizations, experts and researchers can use to assess consumption-based biodiversity footprints. We also argue that the current integration of financial and environmental accounting is superficial, and provide a framework for a more robust financial value-transforming accounting model. To test the methodologies, we utilized a Finnish university as a living lab. Assigning an offsetting cost to the footprints significantly altered the financial value of the organization. We believe such value-transforming accounting is needed in order to draw the attention of senior executives and investors to the negative environmental impacts of their organizations. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2309.14186&r=env |
| By: | Fahmida Khatun; Syed Yusuf Saadat; Kashfia Ashraf |
| Abstract: | Bangladesh, particularly its capital city Dhaka, has been on the top of the mantle for having the worst air quality in the world. Economic development induced by rapid industrialisation, urbanisation and energy consumption is responsible for the degradation of air quality in major cities of Bangladesh. |
| Keywords: | Air Pollution, Dhaka, energy consumption, urbanisation, rapid industrialisation, carbon emission, green cities initiative, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:report:30&r=env |
| By: | Erica Angers; Aleksandr Arsenev (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Mario Holzner (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw) |
| Abstract: | This report estimates the CO2 emissions of freight transport on a hypothetical high-speed rail (HSR) line along the northern route, from Lyon to Warsaw, of a ‘European Silk Road’ (ESR). Using a methodology consisting of predictions regarding the freight-carrying capacity of the future HSR, and the commodity-level switchover, our results indicate that a best-case scenario, at a project lifecycle of 60 years, in which all trains run with 257 tonnes of load, provides for a reduction of 176.2 Mt of net CO2 emissions compared with current levels. These lifespan savings are comparable to a reduction of net emissions by close to 24% of the overall EU transport sector emissions (excluding air transport) of one year (as measured by the net emissions in 2018). The net negative emissions in the optimistic full-capacity scenario will compensate for the construction costs in 13 years. Thus, the potential for emission reduction along the northern route of the ESR is quite substantial, given that this is just one line, with limited capacity. This hints at the importance that bold missions, such as the construction of a pan-European HSR network, could have for the definition of a European Green Industrial Policy that is capable of supporting the fulfilment of the goals of the Paris Agreement on climate change. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, ecological efficiency, European Silk Road, European Union, green growth, green transition, high-speed rail (HSR), infrastructure, intermodal competition, life-cycle analysis (LCA), logistics, modal shift, train networks, transportation |
| JEL: | H54 L91 L92 Q42 Q50 Q51 Q55 Q56 Q58 R40 R41 R42 |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:rpaper:rr:472&r=env |
| By: | Ren, Qianping; West, Jeremy |
| Keywords: | Economics, Applied Economics, Clean Water and Sanitation, Water pollution, public works, rural development, environmental valuation, Environmental Science and Management, Economic Theory, Agricultural Economics & Policy, Applied economics |
| Date: | 2023–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:ucscec:qt2dr5z7sf&r=env |
| By: | Ren, Qianping; West, Jeremy |
| Keywords: | water pollution, public works, rural development, environmental valuation |
| Date: | 2022–12–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:ucscec:qt1c5464fv&r=env |
| By: | Ioana-Ancuta Iancu; Patrick Hendrick; Denisa Stet; Levente Czumbil; Micu DDM Dan Doru |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/362699&r=env |
| By: | Anna Watson (Edinburgh Napier University); Rozenn Perrigot (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Olufunmilola (lola) Dada (LUMS - Lancaster University Management School - Lancaster University) |
| Abstract: | While a number of studies have explored consumer attitudes and behaviors towards green brands, the importance of green brand image for mainstream brands is less well understood. This study seeks to explore if the green image of mainstream fast food brands influences consumer loyalty and how their attitudes towards and knowledge of environmental issues may affect perceptions of the environmental performance of fast food brands. Using data gathered from a convenience sample of 2001 Gen Y and Gen Z consumers in France, our study establishes a critical linkage between consumers' environmental values and brand loyalty by including green brand image as a mediator. Further, by exploring mainstream brands, rather than brands that are positioned primarily on green attributes, we find that the mediating effect of green brand image may be dependent on the brand positioning. |
| Keywords: | brand loyalty, environmental concern, fast food, green brand image, sustainable consumption |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04194919&r=env |
| By: | Fahmida Khatun; Syed Yusuf Saadat; Afrin Mahbub; Marium Binte Islam |
| Abstract: | IMF has approved of Bangladesh’s request for a USD 4.7 billion loan in January 2023 with the aim of preserving its macroeconomic stability, protecting the vulnerable and promoting inclusive and green growth. The fund has been approved under the provisions of the Extended Fund Facility (EFF), the Extended Credit Facility (ECF), and the Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF) arrangements. RSF is particularly designed for combating climate change challenges and strengthening private climate investments. |
| Keywords: | Green Cities, Policy Recommendations, Resilience and Sustainability Facility, Macroeconomic stability, Extended Credit Facility, Extended Fund Facility, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:report:32&r=env |
| By: | Gabriele Torri; Rosella Giacometti; Darinka Dentcheva; Svetlozar T. Rachev; W. Brent Lindquist |
| Abstract: | The growing interest in sustainable investing calls for an axiomatic approach to measures of risk and reward that focus not only on financial returns, but also on measures of environmental and social sustainability, i.e. environmental, social, and governance (ESG) scores. We propose definitions for ESG-coherent risk measures and ESG reward-risk ratios based on functions of bivariate random variables that are applied to financial returns and ESG scores, extending the traditional univariate measures to the ESG case. We provide examples and present an empirical analysis in which the ESG-coherent risk measures and ESG reward-risk ratios are used to rank stocks. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2309.05866&r=env |
| By: | Tamás Hajdu (Centre for Economic and Regional Studies) |
| Abstract: | The Earth’s climate is projected to warm significantly in the 21st century, and this will affect human societies in many ways. Since sleep is a basic human need and part of everyone's life, the question of how temperature affects human sleep naturally arises. This paper examines the effect of daily mean temperature on sleep duration using nationally representative Hungarian time use surveys between 1976 and 2010. Compared to a mild temperature (5-10 °C), colder temperatures do not influence sleep duration. However, as daily mean temperatures rise, sleep duration starts to strongly decline. The effect of a hot (>25 °C) day is −12.4 minutes. The estimated sleep loss is especially large on weekends and public holidays, for older individuals, and for men. Combining the estimated effects with temperature projections of twenty-four climate models under four climate change scenarios shows that the warming climate will substantially decrease sleep duration. The projected impacts are especially large when taking into account of the effects of heatwave days. This study also shows that different groups in society are likely to be affected in significantly different ways by a warming climate. |
| Keywords: | Keywords: temperature; climate change; sleep; time use survey; Hungary |
| JEL: | I12 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:has:discpr:2325&r=env |
| By: | Adrien Desroziers (CES, University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, France. Department of Management, University of Bologna, Via Capo di Lucca, 34, 40126 Bologna, Italy); Yassine Kirat (LEO, University of Orleans, France.); Arsham Reisinezhad (University of Essex, UK.) |
| Abstract: | The "Carbon Curse" theory suggests that fossil fuel richness leads countries to have more carbon intensive development trajectories than they would otherwise. Using causal inference for cross-country panel data spanning 1950-2018, we globally estimate the effect of giant oil and gas discoveries on carbon emissions. Our findings show that the effect is sizable and persistent. Countries that discovered large fossil-fuel fields emit roughly 30% more pollution post-discovery than countries without these discoveries. This effect is stronger in developing countries, and is substantial from the date of the first giant discovery. By exploiting the randomness of the timing of discoveries, we provide the first plausibly-causal evidence in support of the "Carbon Curse". |
| Keywords: | Carbon Curse, fossil-fuel, giant discoveries, CO2 Emissions, Panel data |
| JEL: | Q32 Q53 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fae:wpaper:2023.09&r=env |
| By: | Irène Cucchi (Univ Geneva, DQMP, 24 Quai Ernest, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland); Olivier Chanel (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Introduction: We estimated the health and economic impacts of chronic exposure to air pollution for the Swiss part of the Greater Geneva area from 2016 to 2018. Materials and methods: We extracted from fine-scale modelled concentration maps for two pollutant indicators, particulate matter PM 2.5 and nitrogen dioxide. Then, we performed a quantitative health impact assessment of the health burden attributable to anthropogenic-origin air pollution, and estimated the benefits of compliance with the federal Ordinance on Air Pollution Control (OAPC) limit values. Finally, we computed the economic impacts of these health effects. Results: Exposure to fine particles of anthropogenic origin was responsible for 7.5% of annual mortality (280 deaths or 5, 900 life years lost), for 14 lung cancers and for 68 strokes annually in the Canton of Geneva. Compliance with the OAPC limit value of 10 µg/m 3 as an annual average would reduce annual mortality by 1.5% (62 deaths avoided or 1, 300 life years gained). Exposure to anthropogenic-origin NO 2 was associated with 5.3% of annual deaths (approximately 200 deaths per year). The estimated total negative economic impacts of anthropogenic-origin fine particles were at least CHF 2017 1.3 billion per year, whereas compliance with the OAPC limit values would result in annual economic benefits of at least CHF 2017 290 million. Conclusion: We confirmed that air quality remains a health issue on which stakeholder mobilisation is vital. Action plans should tackle emissions from freight and personal mobility, heating, industry and agriculture, while seeking to improve knowledge on health risks from air pollution exposure. |
| Keywords: | Quantitative health impact assessment, Mortality, Morbidity, Economic assessment, Switzerland |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04168625&r=env |
| By: | West, Jeremy; Fairlie, Robert W; Pratt, Bryan; Rose, Liam |
| Keywords: | resource conservation, program evaluation, smart meter technology, Other Environmental Sciences, Applied Economics, Applied economics |
| Date: | 2021–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:ucscec:qt9622h00n&r=env |
| By: | Léa Barbault (Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Lyon); Olivier Brette (TRIANGLE - Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique - ENS de Lyon - École normale supérieure de Lyon - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - IEP Lyon - Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon - Université de Lyon - UJM - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées); Nathalie Lazaric (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Valérie Massardier (INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, IMP - Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon - INSA Lyon - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - Université de Lyon - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - UJM - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne - INC - Institut de Chimie du CNRS - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Valérie Revest (Iaelyon - Iaelyon School of Management - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon) |
| Abstract: | Today, the pollution caused by plastics is undeniable, and the plastic industry is facing radical choices. One of these choices concerns the alternative between the increasing use of bio-based plastics or the recycling of petro-based plastics. Currently, in order to achieve the goal of a circular economy where plastics are recycled and reintegrated into the production process, the recycling of petro-based plastics is encouraged by regulations. Besides, bio-based plastics seem to offer considerable environmental advantages. However, the construction of a sustainable circular economy requires certain conditions to be met, such as the establishment of dedicated recycling chains, cost reduction, and "securing" the supply of raw materials. |
| Keywords: | Circular economy, Bio-based plastics, Biodegradable plastics, Recycling, Regulation, Production, Costs |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04188889&r=env |
| By: | Fahmida Khatun; Syed Yusuf Saadat; Afrin Mahbub |
| Abstract: | Plastic pollution is quite widespread in Bangladesh, as the country exhibits a pervasive throwaway culture where waste is deliberately discarded on the streets of urban cities. In 2020, the total plastic waste collected in Dhaka alone was 646 tons which accounts for only 10 per cent of the total waste. About 48 per cent of this waste ends up in landfills, while only 37 per cent of the plastic waste is recycled. About 12 per cent of the plastic waste is dumped in small rivers, and the rest 3 per cent is disposed of indiscriminately. |
| Keywords: | Plastic Pollution, Dhaka, Plastic waste, Green Cities Initiative, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:report:31&r=env |
| By: | Nin-Pratt, Alejandro |
| Abstract: | Low- and middle-income countries worldwide share the common challenge of achieving sustainable economic development while reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This challenge is complex due to the interconnectedness of economic activities, where policies targeting one industry can have ripple effects on others. Therefore, it is crucial to understand integrated GHG emissions and their relationships across industries within an economy to inform effective policy formulation. Kenya, as a middle-income country experiencing rapid economic growth, faces an urgent need to address this challenge. This study analyzes the economic relationships between agricultural production, the food industry, and other sectors of the economy in Kenya to identify key drivers of national GHG emissions from the food system. To accomplish this, an environmentally extended input-output (EEIO) table is employed to calculate both direct and indirect emissions for 38 activities of Kenya’s economy, as well as emissions embodied in final goods. Direct emissions refer to those generated during the production process of an activity, while indirect emissions are produced by other activities that provide inputs to the activity of interest. The findings reveal that agriculture is the largest contributor to GHG emissions in Kenya, with the majority of emissions stemming from direct sources such as enteric fermentation and manure management in livestock production. Additionally, the study finds that total emission intensity in the manufacturing sector is considerably higher than in most agricultural activities, except for livestock production, primarily due to the significant level of indirect emissions associated with manufacturing processes. Within the agricultural sector, cereals and livestock production exhibit high levels of direct emissions, while export crops like coffee and tea, as well as vegetable cultivation, show relatively higher indirect emissions. Addressing GHG emissions from the livestock sector emerges as a crucial step in significantly reducing agricultural emissions in Kenya. The dairy sub-sector presents an opportunity for intensification and technological advancements, as climate-smart technologies have already demonstrated their potential to enhance productivity while reducing emissions. Conversely, mitigating GHG emissions in beef production, which is primarily concentrated in ecologically fragile areas, will require institutional innovations focusing on rangeland management, disease control, and scaling up livestock marketing efforts. While the intensification of dairy production can contribute to agricultural growth and development in Kenya, its impact on mitigating GHG emissions is expected to be limited at the national scale. |
| Keywords: | KENYA; EAST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; economic development; food systems; greenhouse gas; emissions; input output analysis; sustainable development; policies; agricultural production; livestock production |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2197&r=env |
| By: | Fahmida Khatun; Estiaque Bari; Foqoruddin Al Kabir |
| Abstract: | The key objective of the study is to identify opportunities and challenges of green investment in Bangladesh by—(i) reviewing existing support measures (including incentives) and policies for making investment in green projects, (ii) identifying opportunities and implementation challenges for investing in green projects, and (iii) making an estimate of the green investment required for electricity generation from renewable energy sources. In the policy discourse, it is hoped that the findings of the study will narrow the knowledge gap and contribute towards holistic measures by the government for leveraging green investment through the private sector’s (including the financial sector) engagement. The study findings are also expected to support development partners including the European Union in taking focused and strategic decisions on ‘green growth’ in Bangladesh. |
| Keywords: | Green Energy, Green Transition, Green investment, Green projects, Green growth, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:report:27&r=env |
| By: | Kim, Daniel; Pouget, Sébastien |
| Abstract: | We empirically study whether carbon emissions affect US firms’ cost of capital. We show that firms with higher carbon emissions tend to face higher cost of capital on the primary market. However, this carbon premium represents less than 15% of the one prevailing on the secondary market. A simple model attributes this gap to uncertainty about future climate preferences of investors and limited competition among primary market dealers. We find evidence for these two channels. Our findings imply that market imperfections reduce the effectiveness of the cost of capital channel in inducing firms to reduce their carbon emissions. |
| Keywords: | Climatefinance; Carbonpremium; Bondmarkets; Greeninvestors; Underwriting dealers |
| JEL: | G12 G41 |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:128527&r=env |
| By: | Allen Grace T. Niego (MFU - Mae Fah Luang University [Thaïlande]); Christopher Lambert (Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig]); Peter Mortimer (KIB - Kunming Institute of Botany [CAS] - CAS - Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing]); Naritsada Thongklang (MFU - Mae Fah Luang University [Thaïlande]); Sylvie Rapior (CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - EPHE - École Pratique des Hautes Études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Miriam Grosse (Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig]); Hedda Schrey (Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig]); Esteban Charria-Girón (Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig]); Arttapon Walker (MFU - Mae Fah Luang University [Thaïlande]); Kevin Hyde (MFU - Mae Fah Luang University [Thaïlande]); Marc Stadler (Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig]) |
| Abstract: | Fungi provide ecological and environmental services to humans, as well as health and nutritional benefits, and are vital to numerous industries. Fermented food and beverage products from fungi are circulating in the market, generating billions of USD. However, the highest potential monetary value of fungi is their role in blue carbon trading because of their ability to sequester large amounts of carbon in the soil. There are no conclusive estimates available on the global monetary value of fungi, primarily because there are limited data for extrapolation. This study outlines the contribution of fungi to the global economy and provides a first attempt at quantifying the global monetary value of fungi. Our estimate of USD 54.57 trillion provides a starting point that can be analysed and improved, highlighting the significance of fungi and providing an appreciation of their value. This paper identifies the different economically valuable products and services provided by fungi. By giving a monetary value to all important fungal products, services, and industrial applications underscores their significance in biodiversity and conservation. Furthermore, if the value of fungi is well established, they will be considered in future policies for effective ecosystem management. |
| Keywords: | Fungi-based food, Medicinal mushrooms, Market value, Environmental biotechnology |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04160963&r=env |
| By: | David M. Arseneau (Federal Reserve Board); Mitsuhiro Osada (Bank of Japan) |
| Abstract: | We compare alternative methodologies to identify central banks speeches that focus on climate change and argue a supervised word scoring method produces the most comprehensive set. Using these climate-related speeches, we empirically examine the role of the mandate in shaping central bank communication about climate change. Central banks differ considerably in the extent to which their mandates support a sustainability objective -- it can be explicit, indirect whereby the central bank is mandated to support broader government policies, or it may not be supported at all. Our results show that these differences are important in determining the frequency of climate-related communication as well as context in which central banks address climate-related issues. All told, these findings suggest that mandate considerations play an important role in shaping central bank communication about climate change. |
| Keywords: | Central bank speeches; Mandates; Climate change; Natural language processing |
| JEL: | E58 E61 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–09–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boj:bojwps:wp23e14&r=env |
| By: | Hilde C. Bjørnland; Jamie L. Cross; Felix Kapfhammer |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the drivers of emission reductions in the carbon market of the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) since its inception in 2005. We introduce a novel empirical framework that facilitates the joint identification of simultaneous demand and supply shocks underlying the European carbon market. We find that emission supply restrictions of the EU ETS were the dominant driver of emissions reductions, reducing emissions by 46%. However we also find that two opposing emission demand factors also played an important role. Demand from industrial economic activity increased emissions by 15%, while other demand-side factors, primarily reflecting the transition to low-carbon economies, reduced emissions by 21%. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bny:wpaper:0119&r=env |
| By: | Caterina Lepore; Roshen Fernando |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the global economic consequences of physical climate risks under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP 1-2.6 and SSP 2-4.5) using firm-level evidence. Firstly, we estimate the historical sectoral productivity changes from chronic climate risks (gradual changes in temperature and precipitation) and extreme climate conditions (representative of heatwaves, coldwaves, droughts, and floods). Secondly, we produce forward-looking sectoral productivity changes for a global multisectoral sample of firms. For floods, these estimates account for the persistent productivity changes from the damage to firms’ physical capital. Thirdly, we assess the macroeconomic impact of these shocks within the global, multisectoral, intertemporal general equilibrium model: G-Cubed. The results indicate that, in the absence of additional adaptation relative to that already achieved by 2020, all the economies would experience substantial losses under the two climate scenarios and the losses would increase with global warming. The results can be useful for policymakers and practitioners interested in conducting climate risk analysis. |
| Date: | 2023–09–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2023/183&r=env |
| By: | Annicchiarico, Barbara (University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’); Carli, Marco (University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’); Diluiso, Francesca (Bank of England) |
| Abstract: | We compare the performance of a carbon tax and a cap-and-trade scheme in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model that includes an environmental externality and agency problems associated with financial intermediation. Heterogeneous polluting firms purchase capital by combining their resources with loans from banks and are hit by idiosyncratic shocks that can lead them to default. We find that financial market distortions strongly affect the performance of climate policy throughout the business cycle. The welfare cost of business cycles is substantially lower under a cap-and-trade system than under a carbon tax if financial frictions are stringent, firm leverage is high, and agents are sufficiently risk-averse. The difference in welfare costs shrinks significantly in the presence of simple macroprudential policy rules that weaken the strength of financial market distortions. These policies can go a long way in smoothing business-cycle fluctuations and aligning the performance of price and quantity pollution policies, reducing the uncertainty inherent to the Government’s chosen climate policy tool. |
| Keywords: | Business cycle; cap-and-trade; carbon tax; E-DSGE |
| JEL: | E32 E44 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–08–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boe:boeewp:1036&r=env |
| By: | Donatella Gatti (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - LABEX ICCA - UP13 - Université Paris 13 - Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord); Gaye del Lo; Francisco Serranito (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This paper identifies the determinants of OECD Environmental Policy Stringency (EPS) index using a panel of 21 European countries for the period 2009-2019. If there is a large literature on the macroeconomic, political, and social determinants of EPS, the people's attitudes or preferences toward environmental policies is still burgeoning. Thus, the main goal of this paper is to estimate the effects of people's awareness regarding environmental issues on the EPS indicator. Due to the endogeneity of preferences, we have applied an instrumental variable framework to estimate our empirical model. Our most important result is to show that individual environmental preferences have a positive and significant effect on the level of EPS indicator : on average, a rise in individual preferences of 10% in a country will increase its EPS indicator by 2.30%. Our results have important policy implications. |
| Keywords: | Environmental policy stringency, Environmental attitudes/concerns, Inequality, Environmental Kuznets curve, EU |
| Date: | 2023–09–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cepnwp:hal-04208688&r=env |
| By: | Sibel Eker; Charlie Wilson; Niklas H\"ohne; Mark S. McCaffrey; Irene Monasterolo; Leila Niamir; Caroline Zimm |
| Abstract: | Social tipping points are promising levers to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emission targets. They describe how social, political, economic or technological systems can move rapidly into a new state if cascading positive feedback mechanisms are triggered. Analysing the potential of social tipping for rapid decarbonization requires considering the inherent complexity of social systems. Here, we identify that existing scientific literature is inclined to a narrative-based account of social tipping, lacks a broad empirical framework and a multi-systems view. We subsequently outline a dynamic systems approach that entails (i) a systems outlook involving interconnected feedback mechanisms alongside cross-system and cross-scale interactions, and including a socioeconomic and environmental injustice perspective (ii) directed data collection efforts to provide empirical evidence for and monitor social tipping dynamics, (iii) global, integrated, descriptive modelling to project future dynamics and provide ex-ante evidence for interventions. Research on social tipping must be accordingly solidified for climate policy relevance. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2309.14964&r=env |
| By: | J. Hidalgo-Crespo (G-SCOP - Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, G-SCOP_COSYS - Conception Systémique: Homme, Environnement, Technologies - G-SCOP - Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); J.L. Amaya-Rivas (ESPOL - Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral [Guayaquil]); Inês Ribeiro (Instituto Superior Técnico - Universidade de Lisboa); M. Soto (Universidade da Coruña); Andreas Riel (G-SCOP - Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, G-SCOP_COSYS - Conception Systémique: Homme, Environnement, Technologies - G-SCOP - Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Peggy Zwolinski (G-SCOP - Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, G-SCOP_COSYS - Conception Systémique: Homme, Environnement, Technologies - G-SCOP - Laboratoire des sciences pour la conception, l'optimisation et la production - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Systems for managing municipal solid waste are typically ineffective in developing nations because of governments' deficient financial and administrative frameworks, poor rules, and a lack of suitable infrastructure and human resources. The informal sector plays an essential role in these systems by reprocessing waste into secondary raw materials, reducing collection and disposal costs, and, most importantly, benefiting the environment by avoiding incineration and landfilling. However, their actual contributions remain unknown. The present paper aims to understand the role of informal waste pickers (IWPs) in the waste management system of Guayaquil City and their environmental impact through the calculations of the carbon footprint (CF) avoided due to their aid. The survey design gathered information on their personal profiles, types, and rates of collected recyclables, market conditions, their main barriers, and troubles regarding their formalization. The results of the survey demonstrate that waste picking is mostly a male-driven activity, the average daily mass collected per IWP is 13 kg, the most collected recyclable waste is polyethylene terephthalate, their average monthly income is $179, and the total avoided CF of the entire informal waste picking process is almost 14 thousand tons of CO2 eq yearly. Further, IWPs prefer to operate alone, and only 16% of them would join a cooperative, despite their numerous financial, logistical, and personal challenges |
| Keywords: | informal waste pickers (IWPs), recycling rates, carbon footprint, challenges, earnings. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04196490&r=env |
| By: | Ujjayant Chakravorty; Xiangzheng Deng; Yazhen Gong; Martino Pelli; Qian Zhang |
| Abstract: | There is a large literature on the role infrastructure plays in economic development, but few papers document the causal effect of infrastructure on the sustainability of natural resources. We examine the effect of the arrival of two new national highways on ground water levels in a small agricultural county in the North China Plain - a region that produces most of the nation’s food grains. We first develop a conceptual framework to show that farmers located closer to the highways devote more acreage to crops that are water intensive. We then use a unique GIS-referenced dataset of all the 12, 160 tube wells in this county to show that highway construction accelerates the drilling of new wells in farms closer to the highway. In addition, there is greater depletion of the groundwater in wells near the two highways relative to wells located farther away. Our estimated depletion rates near the two roads are at least 5 times higher relative to mean depletion rates in the North China Plain. We show suggestive evidence that depletion is caused by a switch from subsistence to commercial cropping, and intensification of farming practices adjacent to the highway. These results suggest that the environmental cost of new infrastructure building may be significant and needs to be incorporated in benefit-cost analysis. |
| Keywords: | infrastructure, roads, North China Plain, water resources, sustainability |
| JEL: | O13 O18 Q25 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10639&r=env |
| By: | Mitra, Sanjay (School of Public Policy, IIT Delhi); Chandra, Rohit (School of Public Policy, IIT Delhi) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a preliminary assessment of the nature and extent of the financial impact of the mitigation policies centered on deep decarbonization of India's electricity sector on the budget deficits of the states with relatively low endowments of solar and wind power. The impact could be quite substantial, adding 8.66 % to the combined deficits of the VRE poor states under fairly conservative assumptions. The impact is most severe on the three coal-rich states of Jharkhand, Odisha and Chhattisgarh. Absent an acceptable framework for an equitable sharing of costs and benefits across the states and with the centre, these developments could impede the realization of the national goals for climate change mitigation. India's ambitious targets call for a deep de-carbonization of the electricity sector through an accelerated deployment of renewable energy and reduced use of coal. This could exacerbate existing regional inequalities, between the states in the west and the south and those in the north and east. While variable renewable energy (VRE) sources namely, solar and wind are concentrated in a few states in the western and southern parts of the country, coal reserves occur mainly in the eastern part that also happen to have the lowest VRE endowments. As the share of VRE in electricity production and consumption rises, these locational characteristics and the dominant role of state ownership in the electricity sector together play into the finances of the VRE poor states through higher expenditure and lower revenues. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:npf:wpaper:23/402&r=env |
| By: | Aline Fugeray-Scarbel (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Xavier Irz (Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki); Stéphane Lemarié (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | In the context of global environmental change, European forests are expected to fulfil a broad range of functions, including the supply of raw materials to the bioeconomy, biodiversity preservation, and the provision of ecological services. Given fast progress in applied genetics, the selection and diffusion of genetically improved forest reproductive material (FRM) has a role to play towards the achievement of some of those goals. We therefore investigate European forest tree breeding conceived as an innovative activity on the basis of four case studies (eucalyptus in Portugal, maritime pine in France, and Norway spruce in Sweden and Finland), using a conceptual framework combining the innovation system approach and the economics of innovation. The genetic progress achieved for each of those species has been steady since the beginning of tree breeding activities. Despite that, we identify both systemic issues and market failures that hinder FRM genetic innovation and make the prospects of a forest tree breeding revolution unlikely. While the innovation systems in the studied countries are structurally sound, we identify several functional deficiencies. We also identify incentive problems limiting both supply and demand of genetically improved FRM. On the demand side, forest owners value improved FRM only moderately because of long lags between plantation and harvest, imperfect knowledge of the potential gains from adoption of genetically improved FRM, and risk aversion. On the supply side, returns to investments in genetic improvement are heavily constrained by the slowness of the breeding process, capacity constraints related to FRM production, limited demand-pull and regulatory uncertainty. Those incentive problems are partially overcome in situations where the industry is vertically integrated, from FRM production to wood processing, as observed in the case of eucalyptus in Portugal or Norway spruce in Sweden. In the other cases, public support for breeding programmes is paramount. |
| Keywords: | Forest tree breeding, Case studies, France, Portugal, Sweden, Finland, Market failure, Systemic failure, Genetic selection |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04189304&r=env |
| By: | Belloum Yasmine (université Larbi Ben M'Hidi Oum El Bouaghi - Algérie); Khemili Farid (OEB - Université Larbi-Ben-Mhidi [Oum-El-Bouaghi]) |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of research on Sustainable human resources management. A bibliometric analysis of 184 publications in this field from 2006 to 2022 was performed using Vosviewer and Scopus publication metadata. According to the findings, Sustainable human resource management is a relatively new area of research, with an increasing number of published articles in top-tier journals. Furthermore, the findings revealed a lack of collaboration in this research area. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable human resources management Sustainable HRM Bibliometric analysis Sustainability Vosviewer. JEL Classification Codes: M54 Q01, Sustainable human resources management, Sustainable HRM, Bibliometric analysis, Sustainability, Vosviewer. JEL Classification Codes: M54, Q01 |
| Date: | 2023–06–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04183431&r=env |
| By: | David-Jan Jansen |
| Abstract: | For homeowners, climate change can have implications through physical as well as transition shocks. Based on two surveys among Dutch homeowners, we find evidence for a disconnect between awareness and intentions to mitigate. Owners of at-risk properties are ten percentage points more likely to see floods as the main threat to their home. However, at-risk owners are also five percentage points less likely to consider improving their property's energy efficiency. Trust in flood protection turns out to be a relevant factor. In particular, at-risk owners with high levels of trust are less likely to consider improvements in energy efficiency. We discuss implications for risk communication. |
| Keywords: | homeownership; floods; mitigation; risk communication |
| JEL: | Q54 Q56 D14 |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dnb:dnbwpp:791&r=env |
| By: | Houda Bessachi (Université Yahia Fares de Médéa); Fouad Announ (Université Yahia Fares de Médéa) |
| Abstract: | Findings show the necessity to establish effective strategies to face and eliminate climate effects through sustainable management of water resources and land restoration policy that tend to improve land productivity to achieve food security and minimize food gap This study aims to provide a preliminary step towards developing a multidimensional index for the sake of food security dimensions' evaluation. Hence, food security is regarded as a big and difficult challenge in the whole world, basically in Arab countries. |
| Keywords: | Food security sustainable agricultural development JEL Classification Codes: I10 O10 Q01, Food security, sustainable agricultural development JEL Classification Codes: I10, O10, Q01 |
| Date: | 2023–06–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04183406&r=env |
| By: | Ioana-Ancuta Iancu; Patrick Hendrick; Dan Doru Micu; Stefan Dragos Cirstea |
| Abstract: | Energy imports and the transition to renewable energy sources are of critical importance in the current geopolitical context, which necessitates concrete actions to tackle the energy crisis at the European Union level. This study aimed to explore the impact of imported non-renewable energy resources on the EU-27 economy. It examined the correlations and causal relationships between the GDP, the GVA, R&D investments, and energy imports from 2000 to 2021. Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, while Pearson’s test identified correlations between variables. Linear and multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the effects of changes in independent variables on dependent variables. The study found a strong association between natural gas imports and the GDP, with increases in GDP leading to a more-than-fourfold rise in imports. Furthermore, a multiple regression analysis indicated that a 1% increase in R&D investments results in a 2.21% decrease in fossil fuel imports in 91.7% of cases. This suggests that R&D investments contribute to improved efficiency and the use of renewable energy sources. |
| Date: | 2023–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/362698&r=env |
| By: | Mao, Haiou; Görg, Holger; Fang, Guopei |
| Abstract: | We look at divestments by foreign firms - a topic that has received comparatively little attention in the literature - and investigate how changes in the regulatory environment in the host country may impact on such divestment decisions. We use the implementation of China's Two Control Zone (TCZ) policy as a 'quasi-natural experiment', using detailed firm level combined with city level data for the empirical analysis. Our results show that the implementation of TCZ policy has led to higher probabilities of divestments by foreign firms in targeted TCZ cities and industries. The mechanism behind this seems to be a TCZ-induced increase in discharge fees and efforts to reduce SO2 emissions. Allowing for heterogeneity of effects, we find that the effect is particularly strong for firms from source countries with less stringent environmental regulation, and those using less advanced technology. We furthermore show that firms using intermediates from polluting industries also experience a higher probability of divestment. |
| Keywords: | foreign divestment, environmental regulation, Two Control Zone Policy, China |
| JEL: | F23 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:2255&r=env |
| By: | Fakhrabadi, Mahnaz (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics); Sandal, Leif K. (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | The paper investigates a multi-period supply channel facing uncertain and price-history dependent demands and environmental regulations. The knowledge about the demands is limited to its mean and standard deviation in each period, .e., there is incomplete information on the actual distribution. A distributional robust approach is conducted to address incompleteness. The chain is incorporating environmental policies such as pollution constraints and (optimal) corrective taxes. A single contract covers all periods. Numerical examples highlight the benefits of a single contract. |
| Keywords: | Dynamic Games; Single Contract; Distributional-Robust Demand; Price-History-Dependent Demand; Pollution Reduction; Sustainability |
| JEL: | C61 C62 C63 C72 C73 D81 Q52 |
| Date: | 2023–09–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhhfms:2023_013&r=env |
| By: | Chimere O. Iheonu (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Ekene ThankGod Emeka (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Simplice A. Asongu (Johannesburg, South Africa); Princewill U. Okwoche (Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | This study complements existing literature by examining the short-run heterogeneous and long-run homogeneous impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI) and international trade on ecological footprints in 37 African countries for the period 1990 to 2019. Utilizing the pooled mean group estimator, our findings show considerable heterogeneity in the impact of FDI and international trade on ecological footprints in the short run. In particular, the findings revealed that while FDI increases ecological footprints in Botswana, Egypt, and Mauritania, it reduces ecological footprints in Algeria, Comoros, Gambia, and Togo. Furthermore, the findings revealed that international trade increases ecological footprints in Cameroon, Cote d'Ivoire, and Eswatini but reduces ecological footprints in Algeria, Mauritania, and Morocco. Nonetheless, the study finds that in the long run, FDI significantly reduces ecological footprints while international trade has no significant influence on the environment. The study further finds economic growth and population to be significant in propping up ecological footprints in the long run. Policy recommendations based on these findings are discussed. |
| Keywords: | Foreign Direct Investment, International Trade; Environmental Sustainability; Ecological Footprints; Pooled Mean Group |
| JEL: | C33 F18 F21 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:23/053&r=env |
| By: | Jaiswal, Sreeja; Balietti, Anca; Schäffer, Daniel |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the long-term impacts of protected area management on the labor market participation and composition of the affected population. We study changes spanning two decades in the Western Ghats region of India, one of the key global biodiversity hotspots with the highest population density. Our findings indicate a noteworthy shift toward non-farm employment. Additionally, our research unveils a marked trend towards irregular income patterns: eco-development initiatives appear to have resulted in a significant decline in year-round employment coupled with a corresponding rise in employment for less than six months a year. The primary mechanism we identify is a distinct change in land use patterns, whereby villages under the scope of eco-development initiatives manifest a substantial transition from irrigated to rainfed agricultural land, known to be conducive to seasonal employment. Following these changes, lower consumption levels and higher poverty rates persist in the affected population compared to surrounding areas. |
| Keywords: | environmental protection; labor market participation; labor composition; land use changes |
| Date: | 2023–09–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:awi:wpaper:0736&r=env |
| By: | Margaux Lapierre (US ODR - Observatoire des Programmes Communautaires de Développement Rural - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Gwenolé Le Velly (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Douadia Bougherara (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Raphaële Préget (CEE - Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (Sciences Po, CNRS) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Alexandre Sauquet (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Agri-environmental schemes (AES) are part of the main tools used by decision makers to trigger a transition in agricultural practices but one of the factors that discourages farmers from enrolling is the uncertainty of the costs and benefits associated with the adoption of the new practices. In this study, we distinguish between the "internal uncertainty" that is related to the characteristics of the farmer and his/her parcels and "external uncertainty", which is related to the occurrence of external events. We propose three innovations to better account for uncertainty in AES design: the possibility to suspend the conditions of the contract for one year, an opt-out option after three years and the opportunity for farmers to share their experience in peer-groups. We test their attractiveness through a choice experiment and analyze our results using a mixed logit model. We find that proposing AES that allow suspending the conditions of the contract for one year enhances participation. |
| Keywords: | Agri-environmental Measures, Uncertainty, Flexibility, Choice Experiment, Pesticides |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-03811624&r=env |
| By: | Jose Vicente Romero (Banco de la Republica); Sara Naranjo-Saldarriaga (Banco de la Republica); Jonathan Alexander Munoz (Banco de la Republica) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we investigate the impact of adverse weather shocks on Colombian economic activity, with a particular emphasis on the effects on agricultural output, food and headline inflation. Existing literature and empirical evidence suggest that adverse weather shocks, such as those related to the El Nino event in 2015-2016, lead to decreases in agricultural output and increases in inflation without significantly affecting total GDP growth. To further assess this result, we evaluate the impact of ENSO fluctuations using a BVAR-X model. Based on these findings, we propose a small open economy New Keynesian model that introduces a novel channel through which relative prices (agricultural vs. non-agricultural) are affected by weather shocks, allowing us to incorporate this empirical evidence into a structural model for Colombia. |
| Keywords: | Weather shocks; El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO); Small Open Economy New Keynesian Models |
| JEL: | Q54 E52 E31 |
| Date: | 2023–09–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gii:giihei:heidwp14-2023&r=env |
| By: | Stephen T. Onifade (KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey); Bright A. Gyamfi (Ä°stanbul Ticaret University, Turkey); Ilham Haouas (Abu Dhabi, UAE); Simplice A. Asongu (Johannesburg, South Africa) |
| Abstract: | Resource abundance characterizes economies within the MENA region from North Africa to the Middle East. As such, to improve financial development (FD) for regional economic sustainability, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the roles of natural resources abundance and institutional quality indicators on the region’s FD while underscoring the inflationary levels and general economic growth trends amidst rising globalization. The adopted empirical strategy (CS-ARDL and AMG) is employed for potential cross-sectional dependency (CD) and slope homogeneity in the regional data spanning over two decades (2000-2020). Unlike the extant literature, two separate regional FD indicators were considered for an insightful analysis namely, banking financial services via domestic credit to private sector, and financial stability via the Z-score values showing the tendencies of default in a country's banking structure. Regardless of the FD indicator, the results reveal that natural resources, growth trends, and inflationary levels significantly spur long-run regional FD thereby invalidating the financial resource curse hypothesis in the region. Furthermore, both institutional quality levels and globalization produced detrimental impacts on FD levels. However, the interaction between institutional quality levels and natural resources shows a desirable FD-stimulating effect in the region, noticeably when FD is proxied by the Z-score. Thus, implying that stronger institutions are crucial for MENA’s overall financial stability vis-Ã -vis reduction in the risk of default in the banking system. Hence, policy recommendations including the strengthening of institutional capacities among others, were suggested to regional authorities towards harnessing resources for sustainable regional FD. |
| Keywords: | Natural resources, Financial development, Institutions, MENA region, Sustainable growth |
| JEL: | Q33 P48 E44 O53 O55 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:23/055&r=env |
| By: | Malan, Mandy; Voors, Marten; Ankel-Peters, Jörg; Seje, Selan J.; Heuburger, Lotte; Seid, Dawud; Mitiku, Abiyot |
| Abstract: | Energy-efficient biomass cookstoves (EEBC) are an important technology for the three billion people relying on firewood and charcoal for cooking in the Global South. This paper assesses the price-responsiveness of demand for EEBC and the role of information about health and economic benefits. The pilot program under evaluation randomized different subsidy schemes (40%, 70%, and 100% subsidy) and information treatments across 292 Ethiopian villages. Unlike previous willingness-to-pay studies we examine a take-it-orleave-it approach in an uncontrolled and hence natural setting. We observe that EEBC demand is highly price-sensitive: There is virtually no EEBC uptake in the no-subsidy group, irrespective of which information households received. Yet, uptake increases considerably for households who received a high subsidy (70% or a 100%). Adding information on economic benefits nearly doubles uptake when coupled with such high subsidies. Our results confirm the emerging picture in the literature suggesting that subsidization for EEBC is required to foster widespread adoption. |
| Keywords: | Household technology adoption, biomass consumption, randomized controlled trial, humanitarian assistance, environmental degradation |
| JEL: | C93 O12 O13 Q41 Q48 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:1036&r=env |
| By: | Jan Fagerberg (Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture, University of Oslo) |
| Abstract: | This chapter analyses the ongoing global green shift from an evolutionary (Schumpeterian) perspective. Understanding such large techno-economic shifts, their causes, dynamics, and implications, has been a recurrent theme in evolutionary economics, from Schumpeter onwards. Following this perspective, what primarily characterizes large techno-economic shifts is that the radical changes they entail concern not just one but a whole range of industries and sectors, including ways of life, the organization of work, and infrastructure. The driving forces behind such shifts, according to Christopher Freeman, Carlota Perez and other contributors to the literature, are key inputs (or factors) characterized by rapidly declining costs, almost unlimited supply, and very broad applicability. This chapter argues that the global green shift, currently unfolding, is a techno-economic shift of a similar (or even larger) magnitude as the earlier shifts discussed by Freeman and Perez and others. The analysis shows that the green shift is driven by interaction of innovations in three interrelated areas, that is, renewable energy innovation; innovation in energy-using sectors; and energy infrastructure innovation, e.g., energy storage and distribution. A number of key innovations from these three areas are identified and their development and spread during the last hundred years or so explored. Particular attention is given to the various factors, including policy, that have influenced these processes. Finally, the lessons for policymaking supporting the global green shift are considered. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tik:inowpp:20230923&r=env |
| By: | Simplice A. Asongu (Johannesburg, South Africa); Cheikh T. Ndour (Dakar, Senegal.); Judith C. M. Ngoungou (Yaoundé, Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | Motivated by the difficulty of ensuring gender equality and the chaotic state of democracy, we analyze the effects of gender political inclusion and democracy on environmental policy performance. The study uses a panel of 45 African countries over the period 2012-2018 and employs the method of moments by quantile regression. The results show that, gender political inclusion and democracy positively affect environmental performance in all quantiles. These positive effects tend to be stronger at higher quantiles. The magnitude is larger for gender political inclusion. When performance is decomposed into the sub-indices of environmental health and ecosystem vitality, positive effects of gender political inclusion and democracy are observed in all quantiles. The effects are larger for the gender dimension than for the democracy dimension, regardless of the sub-index used. |
| Keywords: | Gender political inclusion; democracy; environmental performance; regression quantile method of moments; Africa |
| JEL: | J13 Q56 C31 C33 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:23/060&r=env |
| By: | Hertz, Uri (University of Haifa); Koster, Raphael; Janssen, Marco (Arizona State University); Leibo, Joel Z. |
| Abstract: | Studying social-ecological systems, in which agents interact with each other and their environment is a challenging but important task. In such systems, the environment shapes the agents' experience and actions, and in turn collective action of agents changes social and physical aspects of the environment. Experimental and computational approaches to studying complex social behaviors and processes have come a long way since the 1950s. However, emphasis on directly mapping the paradigms that are most computationally convenient (matrix games) to their direct analogs in the laboratory may have impoverished experimental design. Modern artificial intelligence (AI) techniques provide new avenues to model complex social worlds, preserving more of their characteristics. These techniques can be fed back to the laboratory where they help to design experiments in more complex social situations without compromising their tractability for computational modeling. This novel approach can help researchers bring together insights from human cognition, sustainability, and AI, to tackle real world problems of social ecological systems such as climate change, pandemics, and conflict resolution. |
| Date: | 2023–09–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:6fw42&r=env |
| By: | Dahmani Souria (Université Abderrahmane Mira [Béjaïa]); Aïssa Mouhoubi (Université Abderrahmane Mira [Béjaïa]) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to review the electrification modes associated with the Great Algerian South Networks (GSN). The study focuses on the conceptualization of the GSN through the dimensioning of mini-grids. Given the remoteness and difficulties of fuel supply, a series of reforms have been undertaken to promote the energy transition and ensure the development of these regions through the realization of hybrid systems in order to reduce the dependence on fossil fuel sources by ensuring energy savings. |
| Keywords: | Electricity, hybridization, Great Algerian South Networks, energy transition, renewable energy. JEL Classification Codes: Q42 Q48 R34, renewable energy. JEL Classification Codes: Q42, Q48, R34 |
| Date: | 2023–06–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04183409&r=env |
| By: | Khondaker Golam Moazzem; Shiyan Sadik |
| Abstract: | It is evident that coal has been detrimental to a sustainable future, and the Bangladesh government has decided to make a transition from coal to an alternative fuel source. However, the transition pathway from coal to an alternative is not without challenges. The early retirement of coal-based power plants is an option that has been researched at theoretical and empirical levels. This study focuses on the abandonment decision of a coal plant from the economic perspective and discusses the necessary guidelines that the government can adopt as long-term plan. Based on the data analyses and results on a domiestic coal power plant, it appears the decision of abandoning coal plants for the futuristic approach can be justified. It reveals that with the estimated value of the future cash flow, the financial investors can decide whether to abandon a project or sustain it. The adopted approach in the study for calculating the abandonment value based on different variables can be applied to other coal plants which are in operation in the country. Moreover, this framework can be used to apply to the coal power plants which are in the planning or under construction stages. |
| Keywords: | Coal-Based Power Plants, Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:report:37&r=env |
| By: | Nguyen, Minh-Hoang; Vuong, Quan-Hoang |
| Abstract: | In May 2023, Fakhraee et al. published a research article titled “Ocean alkalinity enhancement through restoration of blue carbon ecosystems” in Nature Sustainability. In this essay, we discuss an assessment of the costs of restoring and maintaining the mangrove-seagrass ecosystems indicated in the article. |
| Date: | 2023–09–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:8t2fx&r=env |
| By: | Balietti, Anca; Budjan, Angelika; Eymess, Tillmann; Soldà, Alice |
| Abstract: | Information can trigger unpleasant emotions. As a result, individuals might be tempted to strategically ignore it. We experimentally investigate whether increasing perceived control can mitigate strategic ignorance. Participants from India were presented with a choice to receive information about the health risk associated with air pollution and were later asked to recall it. Perceived control leads to a substantial improvement in information recall. We find that optimists react most to perceived control, both with a reduction in information avoidance and an increase in information recall. This latter result is supported by a US sample. A theoretical framework rationalizes our findings. |
| Keywords: | information avoidance; information recall; perceived control; motivated cognition; air pollution; Luftverschmutzung |
| Date: | 2023–09–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:awi:wpaper:0735&r=env |
| By: | Jose Albiac Murillo; Encarna Esteban Gracia; Safa Baccour |
| Abstract: | Este documento analiza la situación y las perspectivas de la gestión del agua en España. En el trabajo se lleva a cabo una revisión de los recursos, instituciones y políticas del agua, destacando los principales logros y fracasos de las estrategias de gestión en décadas recientes. El estudio muestra los principales desafíos que afrontan las principales cuencas españolas, y se evalúan los distintos instrumentos que permitan alcanzar una gestión más sostenible de los recursos hídricos. Los problemas actuales de escasez y calidad de agua pueden agravarse por los impactos del cambio climático, por lo que es necesario diseñar estrategias de gestión basadas en instrumentos como la actual cooperación institucional de los usuarios en las confederaciones, los instrumentos de mando y control, los instrumentos económicos como precios o mercados del agua, las fuentes de agua alternativas como desalación de agua de mar yreutilización de aguas residuales tratadas, y los trasvases. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fda:fdaeee:eee2023-29&r=env |
| By: | Francesco Jacopo Pintus (University of Padova) |
| Abstract: | Drawing upon an extensive body of valuation literature focused on water quality, I conduct a meta-analysis benefit transfer exercise with the aim of quantifying the Willingness to Pay (WTP) for an enhancement in drinking water quality among households directly exposed to Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) over recent decades in Italy. My analysis comprises a metadata compilation encompassing 72 WTP estimates extracted from 39 previous valuation studies conducted in advanced economies. The transfer of values is realized estimating a meta regression model (MRM) which includes both study design and socio-economic explanatory variables, according to the Weak Structural Utility Theoretic approach. To determine the most suitable MRM specification, I engage in a comparative evaluation of various model configurations, assessing their predictive performance in terms of transfer errors and explanatory capability. The mean transfer error and the adjusted R-squared of the preferred MRM are in line with previous published meta-analysis and equal respectively to 0.665 and 0.607. Furthermore, the parameters estimated within the model align with both intuitive expectations and economic theory. As a result of the benefit transfer process, I estimate an annual WTP of e250.80 per household for improved drinking water quality within the PFAS-affected area, and an aggregate value of social benefits from PFAS decontamination of around e12 million. |
| Keywords: | WTP; Meta-Analysis; Benefit Transfer; PFAS; Drinking Water. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pad:wpaper:0308&r=env |
| By: | Stienen, Valentijn (Tilburg University, Center For Economic Research); den Hertog, Dick (Tilburg University, Center For Economic Research); Wagenaar, Joris (Tilburg University, Center For Economic Research); Zegher, J.F. |
| Keywords: | trafic speed; Road attribute prediction; (Convolutional) neural network; Satellite imagery; Weather information |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiucen:de5c3c6d-44ee-45cf-b207-c748ae918bd5&r=env |
| By: | Samaniego, Joseluis; Schneider, Heloísa |
| Abstract: | En este quinto informe sobre financiamiento climático en América Latina y el Caribe, 2013-2020, la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) presenta los progresos de la región en relación con el financiamiento climático para la adaptación al cambio climático y la mitigación de sus efectos y el cumplimiento de los objetivos del Acuerdo de París. El artículo 2.1.c) de ese Acuerdo compromete a las naciones a “situar los flujos financieros en un nivel compatible con una trayectoria que conduzca a un desarrollo resiliente al clima y con bajas emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero”. No obstante, a siete años de la aprobación del Acuerdo, el estado actual de las inversiones climáticas dista mucho de ese objetivo. El flujo de recursos ha mostrado un comportamiento irregular ante la incertidumbre, tanto de la acción climática como del desempeño de la economía mundial. De manera contraria al sentido común, las inversiones no se alinean con los objetivos del Acuerdo de París. Durante la elaboración de este informe se encontraron algunos problemas de larga data, como la imposibilidad de acceder a datos confiables que reflejen de forma armonizada el financiamiento climático. El incipiente desarrollo de las taxonomías de finanzas verdes en la región sin duda contribuirá a mejorar la rendición de cuentas a futuro. En el presente informe también se realizan algunas observaciones sobre otras iniciativas para el logro de un sistema financiero más verde. |
| Date: | 2023–08–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:49085&r=env |
| By: | Koen Deconinck; Ben Henderson; Daniel Gregg; Daniel Hill |
| Abstract: | This paper explores food supply chain resilience and its connection to resilience of food systems more broadly. In terms of availability and affordability, food supply chains have been resilient to a wide range of shocks. Trade plays an important risk pooling role in allowing countries to draw on international markets in the face of domestic shocks. Some domestic policies have helped absorb supply chain shocks, for example support to low-income households or the removal of supply chain bottlenecks. Other measures like export restrictions exacerbate instability. The concept of food systems resilience goes further than availability and affordability of food. It includes broader objectives (like livelihoods and environmental sustainability), and must also anticipate a broader range of shocks, as well as the pressures generated by food systems themselves on the environment. Policy makers should therefore take a more complete systems-wide view of resilience. |
| Keywords: | blind spots, climate change, food security, Food supply chains, trade |
| JEL: | F14 Q17 Q13 |
| Date: | 2023–09–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:205-en&r=env |
| By: | Chafia Kettaf (UFAS1 - Université Ferhat-Abbas Sétif 1 [Sétif]) |
| Abstract: | Through This research paper we will highlight the conceptual framework of the blue economy, clarify its most important principles, and indicate the importance of the blue economy and its most important sectors. In the end, we will present the endeavors and experiences of some Arab countries in this field, which became clear that, despite the novelty of the term, Arab countries have had successful experiences to some extent in this field. |
| Keywords: | blue economy sustainable development Arab countries fishing beach tourism. JEL Classification Codes: Q01 Q22 Q56, blue economy, sustainable development, Arab countries, fishing, beach tourism. JEL Classification Codes: Q01, Q22, Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–06–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04183440&r=env |
| By: | Valerie Massardier (IMP - Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon - INSA Lyon - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - Université de Lyon - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - UJM - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne - INC - Institut de Chimie du CNRS - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Naima Belhaneche-Bensemra (ENP - Ecole Nationale Polytechnique [Alger]); Nathalie Lazaric (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Côte d'Azur) |
| Keywords: | alternative building blocks, poly(ethyleneterephtalate), poly (lactic acid), (bio)degradation, technological trajectories |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04188891&r=env |
| By: | Van der Borght, Rafael; Samaniego, Joseluis; Galindo, Luis Miguel; Alatorre, José Eduardo |
| Abstract: | En este informe se utilizan las fluctuaciones históricas de la temperatura y de las precipitaciones en América Latina y el Caribe con el fin de identificar sus efectos causales sobre el desempeño económico para el período 1970-2020. Los resultados indican que, en promedio, para los países de América Latina y el Caribe, un aumento de 1 °C en la temperatura media anual disminuye 1 punto porcentual la tasa de crecimiento del PIB per cápita y que los efectos son persistentes y no se revierten a mediano plazo. También se examinan estos impactos a nivel de las ciudades usando datos trimestrales provenientes de luces nocturnas captadas mediante satélites y se comprueba la existencia de efectos adversos asociados al alza de temperaturas. Esto confirma que el impacto de las temperaturas no se limita al sector agrícola, sino que afecta al conjunto del sistema productivo, y puede materializarse mediante choques repentinos asociados a fenómenos climáticos extremos y no solo a un aumento tendencial de las temperaturas. Por último, el informe proyecta las posibles pérdidas asociadas a diversos escenarios de alza de temperaturas y pone de manifiesto cómo una ambiciosa acción climática a nivel mundial podría reducir a un cuarto las posibles pérdidas para la región hacia 2100. |
| Date: | 2023–08–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:67979&r=env |
| By: | White, Thomas; Bromwich, Talitha; Bang, Ashley; Bennun, Leon; Bull, Joseph W.; Clark, Michael; Milner-Gulland, E.J.; Prescott, Graham; Starkey, Malcolm; zu Ermgassen, Sophus Olav Sven Emil |
| Abstract: | The 2022 Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework calls upon the private sector to take substantial action to mitigate its negative impacts on biodiversity and contribute towards nature recovery. The term ‘Nature Positive’ has gained traction in biodiversity conservation discourse to describe both a societal goal and the ambitions of individual organisations to halt and reverse nature loss. However, enabling businesses to contribute towards Nature Positive outcomes will require major shifts in the way businesses and society operate, and research that can help guide and prioritise business actions. As a group of researchers and consultants working at the interface between business and biodiversity, we propose a conceptual model through which private sector contributions to a Nature Positive future could be realised and use it to identify priority research questions. The key questions address: i) sectoral strategic options, ii) methods and approaches individual businesses can implement to inform these strategies, iii) systemic driving forces that influence private sector action, and iv) how outcomes are measured to deliver Nature Positive contributions. Collaborations between researchers, businesses and industry bodies are needed to co-design and implement research, where there is currently no coordinated approach to identify and fund priority research areas for Nature Positive themes. A clearly structured and prioritised research agenda is vital to guide effective, equitable and timely action by businesses. |
| Date: | 2023–09–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:nya52&r=env |
| By: | Jørgen J. Andersen (Department of Economics, Norwegian Business School BI); Jonas H. Hamang (Department of Economics, Norwegian Business School BI); Michael L. Ross (Department of Political Science, University of California, Los Angeles) |
| Abstract: | Many oil-rich countries have authoritarian governments. How will these governments be affected by a global transition away from fossil fuels? We use new, detailed oil data and an event-study design to analyze political change in 36 oil-producing countries that experienced at least 10 years of declining production. We find that when their production starts to decline, they become significantly more democratic, relative to both the overall sample trend and the parallel pre-peak trends. Ten years after their oil peak, 33 of the 36 countries had become more democratic. After 15 years, their relative democracy scores increased by an average of 9 percentage points. For countries that transitioned after 1980, these scores rose about 13 percentage points, and for larger producers, by about 20 percentage points. Our findings suggest that a global transition toward renewable energy may make the governments of oil-rich countries significantly more democratic. |
| Date: | 2022–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:wpaper:620&r=env |
| By: | Philip Beske-Janssen (CBS - Copenhagen Business School [Copenhagen]); Thomas Johnsen (Audencia Business School); François Constant (Audencia Business School); Andreas Wieland (CBS - Copenhagen Business School [Copenhagen]) |
| Abstract: | This research presents the results of a multiple method study exploring the future competence requirements for purchasing and supply management (PSM) professionals in the face of increasing demand for innovative and sustainable product and service solutions. Data collection consisted of four stages: first, a World Café was held to gather experts' insights into PSM skills, which helped to refine a first survey round of eleven open-ended questions. A second survey round then followed, presenting four scenarios based on the results of the initial round. Finally, interviews were conducted to explore the results in detail. The participants in all stages were senior PSM experts from a variety of sectors, including manufacturing and service organisations, as well as academic institutions, consulting firms and non-governmental organisations. The results show that the expected changes in the future business environment mainly concern the application of digital technologies, increasing supply chain flexibility and transparency, sustainability performance and the need to build soft skills to support interpersonal relationships as well as hard skills to support supply chain design. |
| Abstract: | Cette recherche présente les résultats d'une étude à méthodes multiples explorant les exigences futures en matière de compétences pour les professionnels de la gestion des achats et des approvisionnements face à la demande croissante de solutions innovantes et durables en matière de produits et de services. La collecte des données s'est déroulée en quatre étapes : tout d'abord, un World Café a été organisé pour recueillir les points de vue des experts sur les compétences en achats et des approvisionnements, ce qui a permis d'affiner un premier cycle d'enquête composé de onze questions ouvertes. Une deuxième série d'enquêtes a suivi, présentant quatre scénarios basés sur les résultats de la première série. Enfin, des entretiens ont été menés pour explorer les résultats en détail. Les participants à toutes les étapes étaient des experts de haut niveau en matière des achats et des approvisionnements issus de divers secteurs, notamment d'entreprises manufacturières et de services, ainsi que d'établissements universitaires, de cabinets de conseil et d'organisations non gouvernementales. Les résultats montrent que les changements attendus dans le futur environnement commercial concernent principalement l'application des technologies numériques, l'augmentation de la flexibilité et de la transparence de la chaîne d'approvisionnement, la performance en matière de durabilité et la nécessité de développer des compétences non techniques pour soutenir les relations interpersonnelles ainsi que des compétences techniques pour soutenir la conception de la chaîne d'approvisionnement. |
| Keywords: | procurement skills and competences sustainability innovation multiple method study, procurement, skills and competences, sustainability, innovation, multiple method study |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04191381&r=env |
| By: | Julie de Brux; Patrice Geoffron (LEDa - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Pierre-Benoît Joly (TSV - Transformations Sociales et Politiques liées aux Vivants - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, LISIS - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences, Innovations, Sociétés - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Université Gustave Eiffel); Reza Lahidji (GREGH - Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC - HEC Paris - Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Jacques Percebois; Émile Quinet (PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Cigéo aims to store the most hazardous radioactive waste in a deep geological repository. The Socio-Economic Assessment (SEA) of the project is intended to analyse the gains and costs for the community, particularly in comparison with long-term storage, which will be the responsibility of future generations. This SEA has raised various methodological questions due to the duration of the project, the difficulties in monetising certain costs and benefits, the uncertainties about future societies and the choice of the discount rate. One conclusion is that Cigéo provides, through the safe burial of the waste, an ‘‘insurance benefit'' in the face of a risk of degradation of future societies. |
| Abstract: | Cigéo vise à stocker en couche géologique profonde les déchets radioactifs les plus dangereux. L'évaluation socio-économique (ESE) du projet est destinée à analyser les gains et les coûts pour la collectivité, notamment par comparaison à un entreposage de longue durée restant à la charge des générations futures. Cette ESE a soulevé diverses questions méthodologiques en raison de la durée du projet, des difficultés à monétiser certains coûts et avantages, des incertitudes sur les sociétés du futur et du choix du taux d'actualisation. Une conclusion est que Cigéo procure, grâce à l'enfouissement sécurisé des déchets, un « bénéfice assurantiel » face à un risque de dégradation des sociétés futures. |
| Keywords: | Déchets radioactifs, Méthodologies de calcul, Nucléaire, Prospective, Stockage |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:hal-04202331&r=env |
| By: | S. A. Maximov (University College London); P. Drummond (University College London); P. McNally (University College London); M. Grubb (University College London) |
| Abstract: | The gas crisis has fed through to a huge impact on wholesale electricity prices in Britain. We use hourly price and generation data to estimate the impact on associated revenues to different types of generators. Given the extent of forward contracting, we complement simple results based on the day-ahead prices ("Case 1") with a more realistic case based on a representative, technology-specific assumptions on forward contracts ("Case 2"). We estimate that revenues to GB generators rose by almost £30bn, from about £20.5bn/yr (pre-Covid) to £49.5bn in 2022. About 70% of this accrued to gas generators (from about £6bn/yr to £19bn) and renewable generators with Renewable Obligation Certification (from £7.7bn to £15.5bn). There are various indications that the increase in revenues to gas plants significantly exceeded the rise in their input costs, and no reason to think the generating cost of these renewables significantly increased. Nuclear, and some other biomass and renewables also benefited. We find that the Electricity Generation Levy, introduced in Jan 2023, would have had limited impact on these numbers if it had existed in 2022 and is likely to have less impact in 2023. Finally, we discuss reasons and potential implications of the findings. |
| Keywords: | Electricity market design; energy crisis; renewable energy; CfD; long-run contracts; energy transition; energy poverty. |
| JEL: | L16 L51 L94 L98 Q4 Q28 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–05–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:thk:wpaper:inetwp207&r=env |
| By: | Villalobos, Laura; Caviglia-Harris, Jill; Jayalath, Tharaka |
| Abstract: | Mangonnet et al. (2022) examine whether political alignment at the national and sub-national levels explain the spatial designation of Protected Areas (PAs) in Brazil. Their identification relies on spatial discontinuities in political alignment across municipalities. They find that a president-mayor coalition alignment reduces the incidence of PAs by about one percentage point, whereas they find no party alignment effects. We were able to reproduce the paper's findings using the same code and software. Alternative software routines reproduce their results with small and inconsequential numerical differences. Moreover, robustness replications find consistent results for one out the two treatments. Finally, we find no evidence of fabrication of data. |
| Keywords: | replication study, robustness replicability, reproducibility |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:i4rdps:73&r=env |
| By: | Bogliacino, Francesco; Charris, Rafael; Codagnone, Cristiano; Folkvord, Frans; Gaskell, George; Gómez, Camilo; Liva, Giovanni; Montealegre, Felipe |
| Abstract: | Food labels have been used extensively for informing consumers to make more rational and safer decisions. However, this carries the risk of confusing consumers with multiple claims which may distract from key information such as the country of origin of the product. To inform the European legislation, we have tested labels on fish and aquaculture products in three separate experiments, across several European Member States. The main results showed that mandatory information is better recalled than voluntary information. In addition, consumers perceive, and process differently labels for farmed and caught fish, relying more on quality claims for the former. Nonetheless, in both cases, while they value visual information, they are likely to be confused by voluntary claims including flags. Finally, when additional claims are added step by step, they lead to a decrease in accuracy of recall and comprehension. In sum, less is better, because too much information on food labels lead to cognitive overload and consumer confusion. |
| Keywords: | fish; iInformation overload; label; recall task; trustworthiness |
| JEL: | C91 D12 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:118660&r=env |
| By: | Lupano, Jorge A. |
| Abstract: | El planeta enfrenta la grave amenaza del cambio climático y los daños ambientales ocasionados por la utilización de combustibles fósiles en la actividad humana. La reducción de las emisiones de gases nocivos generadas por los buques en el transporte marítimo constituye un objetivo relevante, dados los daños que produce la combustión del fueloil pesado que utilizan. Por otra parte, la pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19) reveló fragilidades inesperadas en las cadenas de suministro internacionales. La manifestación más llamativa de este fenómeno fue el alza extraordinaria y generalizada de los fletes marítimos, que originó una comprensible preocupación por el funcionamiento, la organización industrial y las regulaciones vigentes en los mercados navieros. En el marco del convenio vigente entre la CEPAL y la Embajada de Francia en Chile, este documento presenta la información preliminar para una propuesta regional de regulación sectorial, que comprende regulaciones técnicas y económicas dirigidas a la descarbonización del transporte marítimo, así como a la promoción de la competencia y la transparencia en el funcionamiento de los mercados navieros. |
| Date: | 2023–08–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:49073&r=env |