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on Environmental Economics |
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Issue of 2023‒10‒09
sixty-one papers chosen by Francisco S. Ramos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
| By: | Asli Demirguc-Kunt (Center for Global Development); Alvaro Pedraza (World Bank); Fredy Pulga (Universidad de la Sabana); Claudia Ruiz-Ortega (World Bank) |
| Abstract: | What is the response of bank foreign subsidiaries to climate policy in their host countries? We find that global banks with high environmental performance increase their presence in countries after local authorities strengthen their climate-related actions. Through their foreign subsidiaries, these banks expand their credit by 4.6 percent following an increase in one-standard deviation of the host country climate policy index. Importantly, we do not find evidence that banks with low environmental scores exit in response to climate initiatives. Our findings show that strengthening climate policy might be a win-win strategy for policymakers—in addition to addressing carbon emission reduction, climate-related initiatives also appear to attract foreign capital from lenders with strong preferences for green assets. |
| Keywords: | Global banks, climate change, environmental performance |
| JEL: | G21 G28 D62 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–01–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:wpaper:631&r=env |
| By: | Srivastav, Sugandha; Zaehringer, Michael |
| Abstract: | Fossil fuels are the world's greatest source of greenhouse gas emissions and must be curtailed to achieve temperature targets. Technology-specific mitigation policies such as coal phaseouts may be required for reasons including limited success with carbon pricing, administrative ease, high salience, and ability to tackle a range of environmental and social externalities. Coal investors and communities that rely on mining may resist policies that increase costs such as direct taxation. Instead, compensation for early closure may be a more politically feasible route, especially given concerns around achieving a just transition. Compensation decided via a negotiated approach suffers from asymmetric information. Competitive auctions can help discover efficient compensation payments and order of closure. However, successful auctions require considering: 1. additionality and interaction with existing climate policies, 2. dynamic incentives, and 3. system-wide effects and security of supply. In the absence of being able to implement an auction, strengthened incentives for scrappage and repurposing of assets could be options. |
| Keywords: | Coal phaseouts, auctions, asymmetric information, compensation, climate policy, net zero, Germany |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:amz:wpaper:2023-17&r=env |
| By: | Talya ten Brink |
| Abstract: | Climate change substantially impacts ecological systems. Marine species are shifting their distribution because of climate change towards colder waters, potentially compromising the benefits of currently established Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Therefore, we demonstrate how three case study regions will be impacted by warming ocean waters to prepare stakeholders to understand how the fisheries around the MPAs is predicted to change. We chose the case studies to focus on large scale MPAs in i) a cold, polar region, ii) a tropical region near the equator, and iii) a tropical region farther from the equator. We quantify the biological impacts of shifts in species distribution due to climate change for fishing communities that depend on the Palau National Marine Sanctuary, the Great Barrier Reef Marine National Park Zone, and the North Bering Sea Research Area MPAs. We find that fisheries sectors will be impacted differently in different regions and show that all three regions can be supported by this methodology for decision making that joins sector income and species diversity. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2309.02323&r=env |
| By: | Andrew R. Tilman; Elisabeth H. Krueger; Lisa C. McManus; James R. Watson |
| Abstract: | Global environmental change is pushing many socio-environmental systems towards critical thresholds, where ecological systems' states are on the precipice of tipping points and interventions are needed to navigate or avert impending transitions. Flickering, where a system vacillates between alternative stable states, is touted as a useful early warning signal of irreversible transitions to undesirable ecological regimes. However, while flickering may presage an ecological tipping point, these dynamics also pose unique challenges for human adaptation. In this work, we link an ecological model that can exhibit flickering to a model of human adaptation to a changing environment. This allows us to explore the impact of flickering on the utility of adaptive agents in a coupled socio-environmental system. We highlight the conditions under which flickering causes wellbeing to decline disproportionately, and explore how these dynamics impact the optimal timing of a transformational change that partially decouples wellbeing from environmental variability. The implications of flickering on nomadic communities in Mongolia, artisanal fisheries, and wildfire systems are explored as possible case studies. Flickering, driven in part by climate change and changes to governance systems, may already be impacting communities. We argue that governance interventions investing in adaptive capacity could blunt the negative impact of flickering that can occur as socio-environmental systems pass through tipping points, and therefore contribute to the sustainability of these systems. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2309.04578&r=env |
| By: | Llorca, Manuel (Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School); Rodriguez-Alvarez, Ana (University of Oviedo) |
| Abstract: | The European Union has committed to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. Reaching this objective implies massive changes in the economies of the region. The biggest challenge of this green transition is to make sure that it happens without sacrificing economic progress and guaranteeing justice and inclusiveness. This pledge requires that every country be capable of addressing the trade-offs between the targets while remaining committed towards the common decarbonisation goal. This paper analyses the success with which European countries are carrying out the energy transition. We propose an enhanced hyperbolic distance function and a stochastic frontier analysis approach to model the joint attainment of economic development, environmental sustainability, and energy equity. We apply our model to an unbalanced panel dataset of 29 European countries for the period 2005-2018. Our estimates show that the average performance of the European economies has improved throughout the studied period. However, the patterns of progress have been different, showing the non-EU-15 countries a steeper evolution than the EU-15 countries. Our results also highlight the pivotal role of a sustainable economic development with clean energies for both slashing CO2 emissions and fostering energy equity. Moreover, we find sigma convergence, being this slightly higher for the EU-15 countries. Additionally, we obtain absolute and conditional beta convergence for both non-EU-15 and EU- 15 countries. Finally, we show that a higher share of renewable energy sources helps countries that are lagging behind to reach their optimal level of performance. |
| Keywords: | Economic development; Environmental sustainability; Energy equity; Enhanced hyperbolic distance function; Stochastic frontier analysis |
| JEL: | C50 L50 L90 Q40 Q50 |
| Date: | 2023–09–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cbsnow:2023_007&r=env |
| By: | Rachid Ech-Choudany (Université Mohammed V de Rabat. Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Economiques et Sociales, Souissi); Hicham Hafid (Université Mohammed V de Rabat. Faculté des Sciences Juridiques, Economiques et Sociales, Souissi) |
| Abstract: | In a global context marked by climate hazards and the use of non-renewable sources of energy, Morocco has embarked on a new energy strategy over the last two decades aimed at developing renewable energies, particularly solar and wind power. The goal is to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and become a regional hub given its geographical location. This article attempts to quantify the impact of the energy transition on both the economic and environmental systems, using carbon dioxide emissions as the variable to be explained and introducing other explanatory variables, namely renewable electricity production and trade openness over the period from 1990 to 2020. The empirical approach used is based on the Staggered Lag Autoregressive Model and the Granger causality test. The results of this study show the existence of cointegration between the variables at all levels of significance, as well as a positive correlation between economic growth and environmental policies. On the other hand, the role of renewable energies in limiting CO2 emissions was not confirmed, and consequently, there was a negative correlation between changes in GDP and CO2 emissions in the short and long term. |
| Abstract: | Dans un contexte mondial marqué par les aléas climatiques, suite à l'utilisation des énergies de source non renouvelable, le Maroc a entamé depuis les deux dernières décennies une nouvelle stratégie énergétique visant le développement d'énergies renouvelables, particulièrement de source solaire et éolienne. Le but étant d'alléger sa dépendance aux énergies fossiles et de devenir un hub régional au regard de son positionnement géographie. Cet article tente de quantifier l'impact de la transition énergétique à la fois sur le système économique et environnemental, en utilisant les émissions de dioxyde de carbone comme variable à expliquer et en ajoutant des facteurs explicatifs supplémentaires, comme la production d'électricité renouvelable( ER), produit intérieur brut (PIB) et l'ouverture commerciale (OC) de 1990 à 2020. L'approche empirique mobilisée repose sur le Modèle Autorégressif à Retards Échelonnés ainsi de tester la causalité de Granger au sens de Toda- Yamamoto. Les résultats de cette étude montrent l'existence d'une cointégration entre nos variables pour tous les niveaux de significativité ainsi qu'une corrélation positive entre la croissance économique et les politiques environnementales. En revanche, Il n'y a pas de preuve que les énergies renouvelables jouent un rôle dans la réduction des émissions de CO2 et par conséquent, une corrélation négative entre l'évolution du PIB et les émissions de CO2 à CT et à LT. |
| Keywords: | Renewable energy, Energy transition, Economic growth, Environmental policy., Energie renouvelable, Transition énergétique, Croissance économique, Politique environnementale, Q 40 |
| Date: | 2023–08–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04181144&r=env |
| By: | Nathalie Hilmi; Maria Belen Benitez Carranco; David Broussard; Maryann Mathew; Salpie Djoundourian; Sandra Cassotta; Alain Safa (GRM - Groupe de Recherche en Management - EA 4711 - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - UCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Samir Maliki; Florence Descroix-Comanducci; Denis Allemand; Claude Berthomieu; Jason Hall-Spencer; Christine Ferrier-Pagès |
| Abstract: | Tropical marine ecosystems provide a wide range of provisioning, regulating, supporting and cultural services to millions of people. They also largely contribute to blue carbon sequestration. Mangroves, seaweeds, and seagrass habitats are important because they store large amounts of organic carbon while fish play a fundamental role in the carbon transport to deep waters. Protecting and restoring tropical marine ecosystems is of great value to society because their decline impairs the vital services they provide, such as coastal protection and seafood supplies. In this marine policy paper, we present options for enhancing blue carbon sequestration in tropical coastal areas. In addition, we outline the economic value of four components of coastal ecosystems (mangroves, seagrass beds, seaweed forests and fish) and discuss the economic levers society can apply to ensure the end of the current gross mismanagement of tropical blue carbon ecosystems. Market-based solutions, such as carbon taxes or fines for violations that use the ‘polluter pays' principle, can be very effective in achieving national or international climate agreements. Private investment can also finance the preservation of blue carbon ecosystems. One widely known financing method for blue carbon conservation, particularly of mangroves, is the use of municipal bonds, which can be issued like traditional bonds to finance the day-to-day obligations of cities, states and counties. Non-philanthropic investments can also be used in order to protect these ecosystems, such as debt-for-nature swaps and the improved application of regulatory frameworks. Overall, the protection of tropical marine ecosystems is an ecological imperative and should also be seen as an opportunity for new revenue streams and debt reduction for countries worldwide. |
| Keywords: | tropical blue carbon ecosystem services conservation restoration market-based solutions, tropical blue carbon, ecosystem services, conservation, restoration, market-based solutions |
| Date: | 2023–06–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04191177&r=env |
| By: | Valentin Savary (INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées); Sandrine Costa (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Mechthild Donner (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Christian Duquennoi (UR PROSE - Procédés biotechnologiques au service de l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Keywords: | circular economy, business models, urban solid biowaste, micro-scale |
| Date: | 2023–06–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04186281&r=env |
| By: | Mechthild Donner (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Hugo de Vries (UMR IATE - Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Keywords: | circular economy, bioeconomy, business models, agrifood sector, France |
| Date: | 2023–06–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04186237&r=env |
| By: | Hajdu, Tamás |
| Abstract: | The Earth's climate is projected to warm significantly in the 21st century, and this will affect human societies in many ways. Since sleep is a basic human need and part of everyone's life, the question of how temperature affects human sleep naturally arises. This paper examines the effect of daily mean temperature on sleep duration using nationally representative Hungarian time use surveys between 1976 and 2010. Compared to a mild temperature (5-10 °C), colder temperatures do not influence sleep duration. However, as daily mean temperatures rise, sleep duration starts to strongly decline. The effect of a hot (>25 °C) day is −12.4 minutes. The estimated sleep loss is especially large on weekends and public holidays, for older individuals, and for men. Combining the estimated effects with temperature projections of twenty-four climate models under four climate change scenarios shows that the warming climate will substantially decrease sleep duration. The projected impacts are especially large when taking into account of the effects of heatwave days. This study also shows that different groups in society are likely to be affected in significantly different ways by a warming climate. |
| Keywords: | temperature, climate change, sleep, time use survey, Hungary |
| JEL: | I12 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1328&r=env |
| By: | Sarah C. Armitage; Noël Bakhtian; Adam B. Jaffe |
| Abstract: | Moving beyond the combination of adoption subsidies, standards, and (albeit limited) attempts at carbon pricing that largely characterized U.S. climate policy over the last decade, recent climate-related legislation has transformed not only the scale of U.S. climate activities but also the policy mechanisms adopted. Newly scaled policy instruments — including demonstration projects, loan guarantees, green banks, and regional technology hubs — are motivated not only by un-priced carbon externalities but also by innovation market failures. This paper maps the economics literature on innovation market failures and other frictions to the stated goals of these policy instruments, with the goal of focusing discussions about how to implement these policies as effectively as possible. The paper also discusses how program evaluation can help to illuminate which market failures are most relevant in a particular context and which policy instruments are most targeted to them. |
| JEL: | O32 O38 Q54 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31622&r=env |
| By: | Rabiâa Sellah (UMBB - Université M'Hamed Bougara Boumerdes) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this research paper is to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of environmental performance disclosure, which raises questions about the extent of the application of environmental accounting and its relationship to the overall financial performance of institutions and the hypotheses were formulated following the descriptive analytical approach, to confirm the broad application of environmental accounting and this study concluded that despite the high costs incurred by institutions to preserve the environment, disclosure remains weak and therefore the inevitability of providing standards and measurement tools that aim to integrate the dimensions of environmental disclosure. |
| Keywords: | Environmental accounting environmental costs environmental disclosure overall environmental performance. JEL Classification Codes: M41 M490, Environmental accounting, environmental costs, environmental disclosure, overall environmental performance. JEL Classification Codes: M41, M490 |
| Date: | 2023–06–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04183404&r=env |
| By: | Sami Ben Jabeur (ESDES - ESDES, Lyon Business School - UCLy - UCLy - Université Catholique de Lyon (UCLy), UR CONFLUENCE : Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598) - UCLy - Université Catholique de Lyon (UCLy)); Rabeh Khalfaoui (ICN Business School); Wissal Ben Arfi (EDC - EDC Paris Business School) |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03797577&r=env |
| By: | Dunger, Steffi; Dunger, Karsten; Oertel, Cornelius; Wellbrock, Nicole |
| Abstract: | The National Peatland Conservation Strategy of the Federal Republic of Germany inter alia aims at the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from peatlands used for forestry purposes. This can only be achieved by permanently rewetting the affected areas and requires the forest stands to adapt to the subsequently changing hydrological conditions. Actually 15 % of peatlands in Germany are used as forest areas. Evaluations of the National Forest Inventory have revealed that about 50 % of the forest area on organic soils (including anmoor sites, bog, fen) is in private forest ownership. The tree species spruce (Picea abies), pine (Pinus sylvestris), downy birch (Betula pubescens) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa) grow on these soils and show different growth reactions (stock, growth) on the three organic soil types due to their different site requirements. This is also confirmed by results of a literature research. In order to engage these stakeholders for peatland protection activities, funding instruments must urgently be created that among other things, cover the high costs of forest stand conversion, changing management demands and yield losses, or ensure a land exchange from productive drained to unproductive rewetted forest peatlands. The results obtained in the MoorWald project are to be used to inform private forest owners of possible peatland climate protection measures for their forests and the associated changes and are to be presented within this Thünen Working Paper in the form of recommendations for action. It is shown that black alder is the only tree species that can be used for forest management on rewetted sites. Spruce and pine are unsuitable for such sites as their growth and stability are too severely affected. However, according to literature downy birch can be used on rewetted fens, but will rather find its habitat in the peripheral zones of renatured areas. |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimwp:338574&r=env |
| By: | Thorvaldur Gylfason; Jean-Pascal N. Nganou |
| Abstract: | Economic diversification has gained significant attention as a crucial factor for sustainable development worldwide. This paper addresses the risks associated with extreme specialisation and explores the potential benefits of economic diversification for Mongolia. By comparing Mongolia with its designated aspirational and structural peers, the paper aims to shed light on strategies that can foster economic and societal diversification in the country. Although Mongolia possesses favourable levels of human capital compared with its peers, its unusually high ratio of natural capital to human capital highlights the necessity of reducing reliance on natural resources and promoting human capital-intensive economic activities. The paper examines the implications of declining demand for Mongolia's key minerals, primarily coal, resulting from climate change concerns and evolving investor preferences towards sustainability, China's coal consumption reduction goals, and the enduring impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through this analysis, the paper offers insights into pathways for Mongolia to diversify its economy and enhance the well-being of its people by striking a balance between natural resources and human and social capital. |
| Keywords: | Economic growth, Economic diversification, Natural resources, Human capital, Social capital, Governance, Democracy, Transition |
| JEL: | O11 O13 O15 |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:rpaper:rr:471&r=env |
| By: | Mahlberg, Bernhard; Frank-Stocker, Andrea; Koller, Wolfgang; Ramerstorfer, Christian |
| Abstract: | Heat generation based on conventional fossil fuels is considered to be the cause of a significant proportion of greenhouse gas emissions. Achieving the climate protection goals therefore requires a transition to renewable energy sources such as biomass. Establishing renewable district heating (DH) systems is considered as an important cornerstone of a decarbonized energy system. This study estimates the cost efficiency of biomass-based DH systems. It expands the benchmarking currently used in Austria which relies on simple key performance indicators by a new type of multi-variate approach based on efficiency estimates from Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The performance indicator calculated in this way considers all essential factors of production simultaneously and estimates the cost saving potentials of each individual system examined. By decomposing cost efficiency into a technical and allocative component, the causes of inefficiency are revealed. A subsequent regression analysis examines how system-specific technical, structural features and the regional environmental conditions of the respective systems influence their performance. Finally, the results of the regression analysis are used to calculate the managerial inefficiency purged of the influence of structural peculiarities and operating environment. This part of the overall inefficiency is caused by the operator's decisions and can therefore be reduced by changing the operator's behaviour. The applicability of the approach developed here is shown empirically using a sample of biomass-based DH systems from Austria. |
| Keywords: | sustainable heat generation; energy transition; biomass; climate protection; Data Envelopment Analysis |
| JEL: | D24 Q41 Q42 |
| Date: | 2023–09–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:118595&r=env |
| By: | Ruba Aljarallah (Public Authority for Applied Education and Training) |
| Abstract: | It is mostly the countries in the Gulf region that are blessed with natural resources that are faced with significant resource capital management challenges. As a result, these nations' capacity to utilize their blessed natural resources in the creation of goods that can be exported is reduced. Through the utilization of time-series data spanning the years 2000-2020, the research examined the main critical components that are responsible for causing damage to the ecosystem in five Gulf countries mainly, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, and Oman. The utilization of resource rents rather than resource value is a direct result of this phenomenon. According to the findings, mineral resource rents are the most significant determinants of the resource, which depletes mineral resources, in addition, economic activity and the renting out of resources also raise the ecological footprint. Industrialization also increases the ecological footprint in Gulf countries. According to the findings, it is vital to enact different resource regulations and policies that could be based on incentives to reduce the ecological footprints and the consumption of natural resources. |
| Keywords: | Ecological footprint, Resource rent, Developing countries, Regulation, Environment |
| JEL: | Q30 Q50 Q57 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iefpro:13815837&r=env |
| By: | Laura Bakkensen; Quynh Nquyen; Toan Phan; Paul Shuler |
| Abstract: | An important yet less studied factor in determining the extent of adaptation to climate change is information: are people adequately informed about their vulnerability to future climate-related risks, and does their willingness to adapt depend on this knowledge? Focusing on how communication about projected sea level rise (SLR) affects the willingness to migrate, we implemented a large randomized control survey experiment with a nationally representative sample of more than 7, 000 respondents across all provinces in Vietnam. We randomly assign respondents to different information treatments. We find that providing a simple text-based information treatment about the general extent of Vietnam's exposure to projected SLR increases all respondents' willingness to migrate (including respondents living in areas not vulnerable to SLR). However, a more spatially precise map information treatment—providing the general text along with a map showing Vietnam's projected SLR exposure—leads to a more targeted effect: it only significantly increases the willingness to migrate of respondents currently residing in vulnerable areas. Finally, adding doubt to the information treatments—mentioning an official repudiation of the scientific projection of SLR—does not reduce the treatments' impact. Our findings are inconsistent with the commonly used perfect information benchmark, which assumes that people are fully informed about future climate-related risks. They also highlight the importance of providing spatially precise information in facilitating climate adaptation. |
| Keywords: | climate change; sea level rise; migration; disaster risk communication; survey experiment; public information |
| JEL: | Q5 |
| Date: | 2023–09–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedrwp:96878&r=env |
| By: | Haroon Mumtaz (Queen Mary University); Angeliki Theophilopoulou (Brunel University London) |
| Abstract: | The role of climate change on economic performance and output has been studied extensively in the empirical literature, however, its distributional effects have received little attention. This paper attempts to fill this gap by investigating whether climate shocks affect income inequality in a large number of countries. We use data on climate indicators, income and inequality measures for 153 countries spanning a long time period. The climate shock is identified as the disturbance that explains the bulk of the climate fluctuations in the long run. Our findings suggest that an adverse climate shock is associated with an increase in measures of income inequality. We find a heterogeneous impact of the on the left and right tail within-country income distribution. The impact of the shock is larger in magnitude for low income and hot on average countries with a significant agricultural sector and low expenditure on health sector. |
| Keywords: | income inequality; economic growth; frequency domain identification; panel VAR |
| JEL: | C32 E32 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–09–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qmw:qmwecw:966&r=env |
| By: | Zinnbauer, Maximilian; Eysholdt, Max; Kreins, Peter |
| Abstract: | Background The targets for groundwater quality set out in the Nitrates Directive have not yet been achieved across the board, neither in Germany as a whole nor in Rhineland-Palatinate (RP) (BMU and BMEL, 2020). In RP, 35 of the total 117 groundwater bodies were in poor chemical condition in 2019/2020, corresponding to about 40 % of the state's area (MKUEM Rheinland-Pfalz, 2022). 31 groundwater bodies are in poor chemical condition due to nitrate. Both the Water Framework Directive and the first version of the General Administrative Regulation for the Designation of Nitrate Polluted Areas (AVV GeA), which was passed in 2021, require spatially differentiated information for the planning of mitigation measures and the delineation of polluted areas. Against this background, a tool was developed that quantifies agricultural nitrogen emissions with high spatial resolution, at the municipality level and also within the municipality. The results provide detailed nitrogen budgets for the period 2016 to 2019. This information can be used as a decision support tool for policy processes, as basis for environmental monitoring, and to inform agricultural nitrogen management. The results enable the identification of pollution hot spots as well as uncontaminated areas and allow conclusions to be drawn about the causes of agricultural nitrogen emissions. In combination with additional geohydrological information, regional discharge potentials can be estimated (nitrate leaching). |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimwo:338575&r=env |
| By: | Mao, Haiou; Görg, Holger; Fang, Guopei |
| Abstract: | We look at divestments by foreign firms - a topic that has received comparatively little attention in the literature - and investigate how changes in the regulatory environment in the host country may impact on such divestment decisions. We use the implementation of China's Two Control Zone (TCZ) policy as a "quasi-natural experiment", using detailed firm level combined with city level data for the empirical analysis. Our results show that the implementation of TCZ policy has led to higher probabilities of divestments by foreign firms in targeted TCZ cities and industries. The mechanism behind this seems to be a TCZ-induced increase in discharge fees and efforts to reduce SO2 emissions. Allowing for heterogeneity of effects, we find that the effect is particularly strong for firms from source countries with less stringent environmental regulation, and those using less advanced technology. We furthermore show that firms using intermediates from polluting industries also experience a higher probability of divestment. |
| Keywords: | foreign divestment, environmental regulation, Two Control Zone Policy, China |
| JEL: | F23 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:kcgwps:27&r=env |
| By: | Maxwell L. Brown; Jon M. Becker; Jared Carbone; Teagan Goforth; James McFarland; Destenie Nock; Kristina Pitman; Daniel C. Steinberg |
| Abstract: | We evaluate distributional and efficiency consequences of the bulk power clean electricity tax credits authorized by the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act. To do so, we link detailed electricity capacity expansion, computable general equilibrium, data-rich microsimulation, and air pollution models to estimate the policy incidence in terms of economic welfare and health impacts across a wide range of demographic groups. We evaluate the tradeoff between policy efficiency and income progressivity by comparing the tax credits to cap-and-trade policies that vary revenue recycling approaches. Under the scenarios analyzed the bulk power tax credits lead to increased clean electricity technology deployment resulting in a reallocation of capital from elsewhere in the economy, higher prices for capital and other goods, lower power prices, and lower emissions. The tax credits yield progressive outcomes for both economic welfare and health impacts. The health benefits exceed total policy costs and provide greater benefits for low-income and historically-marginalized households given the coincidence of household and emission source locations. |
| JEL: | Q43 Q48 |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31621&r=env |
| By: | Santino Del Fava (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa); Rangan Gupta (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa); Christian Pierdzioch (Department of Economics, Helmut Schmidt University, Holstenhofweg 85, P.O.B. 700822, 22008 Hamburg, Germany); Lavinia Rognone (University of Edinburgh Business School, 29 Buccleuch Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9JS, United Kingdom) |
| Abstract: | We study the predictive value of climate risks for subsequent financial stress in a sample of daily data running from October 2006 to December 2022 of thirteen countries, which include China, ten European Union (EU) countries, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US). The climate risk indicators are the result of a text-based approach which combines the term frequency-inverse document frequency and the cosine-similarity techniques. Given the persistence of financial stress as well as the importance of spillover effects of financial stress from other countries, we use random forests, a machine-learning technique tailored to handle many predictors, to estimate our forecasting models. Our findings show that climate risks tend to have a moderate impact, albeit in several cases statistically significant, on predictive accuracy, which tends to be stronger, in our cross-section of countries, on a daily than at a weekly or monthly forecast horizon of financial stress. Furthermore, the predictive value of climate risks for financial stress is heterogeneous across the countries in our sample, implying that a univariate forecasting model appears to be better suited than a corresponding multivariate one. Finally, the predictive value of climate risks for financial stress appears to be stronger in several countries at the lower conditional quantiles of financial stress. |
| Keywords: | Financial stress, Climate risks, Random forests, Forecasting |
| JEL: | C22 C32 C53 G15 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pre:wpaper:202329&r=env |
| By: | Donatella Gatti (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - LABEX ICCA - UP13 - Université Paris 13 - Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord); Gaye del Lo (UL - Université de Lorraine, CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - LABEX ICCA - UP13 - Université Paris 13 - Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord); Francisco Serranito (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This paper identifies the determinants of OECD Environmental Policy Stringency (EPS) index using a panel of 21 European countries for the period 2009-2019. If there is a large literature on the macroeconomic, political, and social determinants of EPS, the people's attitudes or preferences toward environmental policies is still burgeoning. Thus, the main goal of this paper is to estimate the effects of people's awareness regarding environmental issues on the EPS indicator. Due to the endogeneity of preferences, we have applied an instrumental variable framework to estimate our empirical model. Our most important result is to show that individual environmental preferences have a positive and significant effect on the level of EPS indicator : on average, a rise in individual preferences of 10% in a country will increase its EPS indicator by 2.30%. Our results have important policy implications. |
| Abstract: | Cet article étudie les déterminants de l'indicateur de rigueur des politiques environnementales (EPS) de l'OCDE en utilisant un panel de 21 pays européens pour la période 2009-2019. S'il existe une littérature abondante sur les déterminants macroéconomiques, politiques et sociaux de l'indicateur EPS, les attitudes ou préférences des citoyens à l'égard des politiques environnementales sont encore très peu étudiées. L'objectif principal de cet article est d'estimer les effets de la sensibilisation de la population aux questions environnementales sur l'indicateur EPS. En raison de l'endogénéité des préférences, nous avons appliqué un cadre de variables instrumentales pour estimer notre modèle empirique. Notre résultat principal est de montrer que les préférences environnementales individuelles ont un effet positif et significatif sur le niveau de l'indicateur EPS : en moyenne, une augmentation des préférences individuelles de 10% dans un pays augmentera l'indicateur EPS de 2, 30%. Ces résultats ont des implications importantes au niveau des politiques environnementales. |
| Keywords: | Environmental policy stringency, Environmental attitudes/concerns, inequality, environmental Kuznets curve, EU |
| Date: | 2023–08–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cepnwp:hal-04188866&r=env |
| By: | BERTOZZI Cecilia (European Commission - JRC); MANFREDI Raffaella; STAMOS Iraklis (European Commission - JRC); VEGA RAPUN Margarita |
| Abstract: | The Pilot Project "REGIONS2030: Monitoring the SDGs in the EU regions - Filling the data gaps", supported by the European Parliament is developed by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in collaboration with ESTAT and DG REGIO. The REGIONS2030 Pilot Project is carried out involving 10 European regions, which share a strong ambition to monitor the achievement of the SDGs and are willing to explore the synergies of SDGs monitoring, policy-making and sustainable regional development. This factsheet illustrates the key figures and facts on the Region of Navarre (ES). |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc133863&r=env |
| By: | Marshall Burke; Vincent Tanutama; Sam Heft-Neal; Miyuki Hino; David Lobell |
| Abstract: | The effect of hot temperatures on labor productivity is thought to be a key channel through which a warming climate will impact the economy, and these impacts could help explain broader observed relationships between temperature and economic output. Yet for many workers and jobs, especially the high-wage service-economy work that constitutes a large share of total economic output in wealthy nations, productivity is hard to measure and thus climate impacts hard to quantify. We study a high-wage job where individual productivity is readily observable: professional tennis. Using 15 years of data on 177 thousand tennis matches merged to hourly temperature data, we study the effects of temperature on tennis performance in contemporaneous and future matches. Variation in player birthplace and residence allows us to study whether players adapt to heat, and data from betting markets allows us to evaluate whether markets price climate risk. We find that hot temperatures increase contemporaneous errors and retirements, and reduce win probability in the subsequent match. In percentage terms, estimated effects on earnings are smaller than lower-wage settings studied in existing literature. By most measures, top players are less affected by hot temperatures. Most tennis betting markets appear to accurately price climate risk, and temperature impacts do not appear to offer profitable arbitrage opportunities. |
| JEL: | Q50 |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31650&r=env |
| By: | Rosa van den Ende (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University); Antoine Mandel (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Agnieszka Rusinowska (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | We provide an axiomatic approach to the allocation of responsibility for GHG emissions in supply chains. Considering a set of axioms standardly used in networks and decision theory, and consistent with legal principles underlying responsibility, we show that responsibility measures shall be based on exponential discounting of upstream and downstream emissions. From a network theory perspective, the proposed responsibility measure corresponds to a convex combination of the Bonacich centralities for the upstream and downstream weighted adjacency matrices. Scope 1 emissions, consumption-based accounting and income-based accounting are obtained as particular cases of our approach, which also gives a precise meaning to scope 3 emissions while avoiding double-counting. We apply our approach to the assessment of country-level responsibility for global GHG emissions and to sector-level responsibility in the USA. We examine how the responsibility of sectors/countries varies with the discounting of indirect emissions. We identify three groups of countries/sectors: producers of emissions whose responsibility decreases with the discounting factor, consumers of emissions whose responsibility increases with the discounting factor, and an intermediary group whose responsibility mostly depends on the network position and varies non-monotonically with the discounting factor. Overall, our axiomatic approach provides strong normative foundations for the definition of reporting requirements for indirect emissions and for the allocation of responsibility in claims for climate-related loss and damage. |
| Keywords: | upstream and downstream emission responsibilities, supply chains and networks, responsibility measure, axiomatization, Bonacich centrality |
| Date: | 2023–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04188365&r=env |
| By: | BERTOZZI Cecilia (European Commission - JRC); MANFREDI Raffaella; STAMOS Iraklis (European Commission - JRC); VEGA RAPUN Margarita |
| Abstract: | The Pilot Project "REGIONS2030: Monitoring the SDGs in the EU regions - Filling the data gaps", supported by the European Parliament is developed by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in collaboration with ESTAT and DG REGIO. The REGIONS2030 Pilot Project is carried out involving 10 European regions, which share a strong ambition to monitor the achievement of the SDGs and are willing to explore the synergies of SDGs monitoring, policy-making and sustainable regional development. This factsheet illustrates the key figures and facts on the Region of TR33 (TR). |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc133869&r=env |
| By: | BERTOZZI Cecilia (European Commission - JRC); MANFREDI Raffaella; STAMOS Iraklis (European Commission - JRC); VEGA RAPUN Margarita |
| Abstract: | The Pilot Project "REGIONS2030: Monitoring the SDGs in the EU regions - Filling the data gaps", supported by the European Parliament is developed by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in collaboration with ESTAT and DG REGIO. The REGIONS2030 Pilot Project is carried out involving 10 European regions, which share a strong ambition to monitor the achievement of the SDGs and are willing to explore the synergies of SDGs monitoring, policy-making and sustainable regional development. This factsheet illustrates the key figures and facts on the Region of Centro (PT). |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc133749&r=env |
| By: | BERTOZZI Cecilia (European Commission - JRC); MANFREDI Raffaella; STAMOS Iraklis (European Commission - JRC); VEGA RAPUN Margarita |
| Abstract: | The Pilot Project "REGIONS2030: Monitoring the SDGs in the EU regions - Filling the data gaps", supported by the European Parliament is developed by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in collaboration with ESTAT and DG REGIO. The REGIONS2030 Pilot Project is carried out involving 10 European regions, which share a strong ambition to monitor the achievement of the SDGs and are willing to explore the synergies of SDGs monitoring, policy-making and sustainable regional development. This factsheet illustrates the key figures and facts on the Region of Puglia (IT). |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc133868&r=env |
| By: | Picchio, Matteo (Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona); van Ours, Jan C. (Erasmus University Rotterdam) |
| Abstract: | High temperatures can have a negative effect on work-related activities. Labor productivity may go down because mental health or physical health is worse when it is too warm. Workers may experience difficulties concentrating or they have to reduce effort in order to cope with heat. We investigate how temperature affects performance of male professional tennis players. We use data about outdoor singles matches from 2003 until 2021. Our identification strategy relies on the plausible exogeneity of short-term daily temperature variations in a given tournament from the average temperature over the same tournament. We find that performance significantly decreases with ambient temperature. The magnitude of the temperature effect is age-specific and skill-specific. Older and less-skilled players suffer more from high temperatures than younger and more skilled players do. The effect of temperature on performance is smaller when there is more at stake. Our findings also suggest that there is adaptation to high temperatures: the effects are smaller if the heat lasts for several days. |
| Keywords: | climate change, temperatures, tennis; performance, productivity |
| JEL: | J24 J81 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16431&r=env |
| By: | Otrachshenko, Vladimir (Justus Liebig University, Giessen); Popova, Olga (Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies (IOS)); Alimukhamedova, Nargiza (CERGE-EI) |
| Abstract: | Employing novel household survey data, this paper examines how rainfall variability and mean temperature affect individual labor supply in Uzbekistan, a highly traditional lower-middle-income country in Central Asia. The findings suggest that rainfall variability induces the reallocation of labor supply: (i) out of agriculture to unemployment, (ii) from unemployment to business activities and irregular remunerated activities, and (iii) from being out of labor force to unemployment. These effects differ in rural and urban areas and by gender. In addition, active women's involvement in the labor market and household decision-making mediates the impact of climate variability on employment choices, especially in rural areas. This implies that traditional gender roles may make households in developing countries more vulnerable to adverse consequences of climate change, while women's empowerment may smooth such consequences. |
| Keywords: | rainfall variability, labor market, agriculture, employment, women's empowerment, Uzbekistan, Central Asia |
| JEL: | J16 J21 J43 P28 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16421&r=env |
| By: | F. Cirone (Université de Bologne); M. Masotti (Université de Bologne); P. Prosperi (CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); S. Bosi (Université de Bologne); G. Dinelli (Université de Bologne); M. Vittuari (Université de Bologne) |
| Abstract: | Short food supply chains play a vital role in connecting local producers with consumers, promoting sustainability, supporting local economies, and providing access to fresh, high-quality products. However, their market is still underdeveloped due to the mismatching between consumer demand and producer supply. The aim of this work is to identify a common vision between producers and consumers in short food supply chains proposing key actions for an effective business strategy to improve alternative food systems at a territorial level. The strategic long-term vision to foster short food supply chains is based on a direct farmer-to-retailer model. Grounded on the case of an ancient grains supply chain located in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, this research relies on a mixed-method approach including quantitative and qualitative methodologies. A household survey conducted with a representative sample of 1122 Italian households allowed to identify four consumer profiles. Then, two focus groups conducted with 10 food supply chain stakeholders led to the identification of six thematic areas of action. By the backcasting methodology, ancient grains supply chain actors proposed a set of business actions to reach consumers' preferences. Finally, a two rounds Delphi conducted with 23 food supply chain experts allowed to validate the results and the 18 actions to be adopted from 2023 to 2030 for the business strategy pathway. The business strategy pathway can increase the local market presence of ancient grain products, helping producers to plan future business activities and disclose changes in consumer preferences or market conditions. |
| Keywords: | SUPPLY CHAIN, PRODUCER CONSUMER RELATIONS, COMPANY STRATEGY, MARKETING TECHNIQUES, SUSTAINABLE FOOD, SHORT SUPPLY CHAIN, PROXIMITY, VALUE, CEREALS, EMILIA ROMAGNA, ITALY, CHAINE D'APPROVISIONNEMENT, RELATION PRODUCTEUR CONSOMMATEUR, STRATEGIE DE L'ENTREPRISE, TECHNIQUE DE VENTE, ALIMENTATION DURABLE, CIRCUIT COURT, PROXIMITE, VALEUR, CEREALE, ITALIE |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04186888&r=env |
| By: | Lyu, Chenyan (Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School); Do, Hung Xuan (School of Economics and Finance, Massey University, New Zealand); Nepal, Rabindra (Faculty of Business and Law, School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, University of Wollongong, Australia); Jamasb, Tooraj (Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates price volatility and spillover effects in the Nordic electricity wholesale markets, comprising Sweden, Finland, Denmark, and Norway. Utilizing both the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressive (TVP-VAR) and Rolling Window-based VAR (RW-VAR) approaches, we analyze the integration dynamics among these regional markets and the impact of carbon prices on volatility spillovers. The study employs a rich dataset of 107, 352 hourly prices spanning from January 2010 to March 2022. The novelty of this research is three-fold. Firstly, we adopt a connectedness approach to explore volatility interactions among the four Nordic markets, contributing to the scarce literature on volatility in this market. Secondly, we segment the Norwegian market into southern and northern regions, revealing differences in volatility spillover patterns. Lastly, we investigate the influence of carbon prices on volatility spillovers, shedding light on its role in market dynamics. We find significant connectedness between the Nordic markets, with an average volatility Total Connectedness Index of 52.4% and 50.9%. Sweden emerges as the sole net volatility spillover transmitter, while Denmark experiences the largest shocks from the system. We further find that carbon prices exert a 5% significant impact on the volatility spillover index, as estimated by the 200-days rolling window VAR. |
| Keywords: | Electricity Markets; Price Volatility; Nord Pool; Carbon Market; Renewable Energy |
| JEL: | D00 D50 L10 L90 |
| Date: | 2023–09–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cbsnow:2023_005&r=env |
| By: | Saqib Aziz (ESC [Rennes] - ESC Rennes School of Business); Mahabubur Rahman (ESC [Rennes] - ESC Rennes School of Business); Dildar Hussain (ESC [Rennes] - ESC Rennes School of Business); Duc Nguyen (IPAG Business School, VNU - Vietnam National University [Hanoï]) |
| Abstract: | Little is known about the effects of green performance on corporate insolvency risk. This study examines the relationship between green performance and firm insolvency risk from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. Using a panel of 179 US firms included in the Newsweek Green Rankings and a system generalised method of moments estimation which generates endogeneity-robust regression coefficients, we found that firms with higher green performance are at lower risk of insolvency. We further postulate and provide theory-based empirical evidence that the nexus between green performance and insolvency risk is contingent upon other internal and external boundary conditions. Specifically, this research documents that the nexus between green performance and firm insolvency risk is moderated by market power as well as industry competitive intensity. The results of this study are robust across several sensitivity analyses. |
| Keywords: | Green performance, Insolvency risk, Market share, Industry competitiveness, Z-score |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03344206&r=env |
| By: | Magali Savès (CLERSÉ - Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Julie Bastianutti (LUMEN - Lille University Management Lab - ULR 4999 - Université de Lille) |
| Abstract: | Given the ecological emergency, companies have to consider the interests of the biosphere in their decision-making processes. Protecting the biosphere implies adopting a vision of the world in which this sphere embraces and restricts the social sphere, which itself frames the economic sphere, and in which all human and non-human actors should be considered (Petit et al., 2022). We show that recent developments in French corporate governance practices, while allowing them to better address ecological issues, do not embrace this worldview developed by the field of Ecological Economics that we adopt in this article. According to this framework, corporate governance needs to include representatives of the biosphere in its decision-making structures, which poses challenges insofar as it implies allowing non-humans to have their say. Several proposals have been put forward to "green" companies by including employees, local populations or scientists in their decision-making processes. We show that each category of stakeholder cannot ensure the representation of the biosphere's interests on its own. Since talking about the biosphere implies considering the interdependencies within it, only a diverse collective, a common, seems relevant to represent its interests. However, giving a place to biosphere representatives does not prefigure the real political power of these representatives over corporate decisions. As the consensus-building process tends to lead to the triumph of economic interests over ecological interests (Nyberg and Wright, 2013), it seems justified to us to allow a veto right to these representatives, in line with Banerjee's (2018) proposals. |
| Keywords: | corporate governance, environmental sustainability, boards of directors, biosphere, collective action |
| Date: | 2023–06–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04195805&r=env |
| By: | Claudia Kelsall (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Martin F Quaas (CAU - Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel); Nicolas Quérou (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | We study optimal harvesting of a renewable resource with stochastic dynamics. To focus on the effect of risk aversion, we consider a resource user who is indifferent with respect to intertemporal variability. In this setting, a constant escapement strategy is optimal, i.e. the stock after optimal harvesting is constant. We find that under common specifications of risk aversion, increasing risk and risk aversion increase current resource use. We show that this is due to an investment effect, i.e. the resource user invests in risk free alternatives, rather than the risky resource stock. A quantitative application of the model for the Eastern Baltic cod fishery shows that risk and risk aversion can have a much larger effect on optimal harvesting than found in the previous literature. ✩ We thank Mickael Beaud, Mabel Tidball, Rudi Voss, Marc Willinger, the editor and two referees for helpful comments and suggestions. The authors acknowledge the ANR-DFG project CRaMoRes (Grant ANR-19-FRAL-0010-01 and DFG QU 357/14-1). C. Kelsall acknowledges the support of labEx CeMEB, an ANR ''Investissements d'avenir'' program (ANR-10-LABX-04-01). M. Quaas acknowledges funding by BMBF under grant 03F0876B. |
| Keywords: | Resource economics Investment under uncertainty Risk aversion Prudence Precautionary savings |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04190160&r=env |
| By: | Clive L. Spash; Philippe Méral (SENS - Savoirs, ENvironnement et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Olivier Petit (CLERSÉ - Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Keywords: | black box, institutions, participation, critical approaches, interdisciplinarity, categories, transformation, ontology, power relationships, heterodoxy, boîte noire, approches critiques, interdisciplinarité, catégories, ontologie, relations de pouvoir, hétérodoxie |
| Date: | 2023–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04192474&r=env |
| By: | Mathieu Lambotte; Sandrine Mathy; Anna Risch; Carole Treibich (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Date: | 2022–06–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03678886&r=env |
| By: | Armel Ngami (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Bruno Ventelou (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Background Efficiency analyses have been widely used in the literature to rank countries regarding their health system performances. However, little place has been given to the environmental aspect: two countries with the same characteristics could experience completely different healthcare system outcomes just because they do not face the same environmental quality situation, which is a major determinant of the health of inhabitants. Methods Using a stochastic frontier model, this paper analyses the effect of environmental quality on health system outcomes in OECD countries, measured by life expectancy at birth. Results We show that the healthcare system performance ranking of OECD countries changes significantly, depending on whether the environmental index is taken into account. Conclusions These findings, once again, underline the critical importance of the environment when addressing population health issues. In general, our results can be aligned with the messages of the One Health approach literature. |
| Keywords: | Health, Healthcare system efficiency, Health production function, Environment, Stochastic frontier analysis, Panel data |
| Date: | 2023–06–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04186935&r=env |
| By: | Mathieu Lambotte (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Sandrine Mathy (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Anna Risch (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Carole Treibich (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the role of peer effects at the work place on the individual choice of transportation mode. We collect original data through an online survey on networks and sustainable behaviors among 334 individuals working in ten laboratories of the University of Grenoble Alps in February 2020. Using a linear-in-means model for binary outcomes and distinguishing endogenous and exogenous peer effects, correlated effects and network endogeneity, we find that peers have a significant and positive effect on individual active transportation mode's choice. We show that in our setting, a simulated policy or intervention would be almost twice more effective in spreading active transportation mode through social spillover effects if it targets key players rather than random individuals. |
| Keywords: | Peer effects, Social network, Workplace, Transportation choice, Key players |
| Date: | 2022–06–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03702634&r=env |
| By: | Sarah Ferehoun (ENSI); Chorouk Drissi El Bouzaidi (UAE - Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi); Fadoua Laghzaoui (UAE - Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi); Jihad Jamï (UAE - Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi) |
| Abstract: | In many cities around the world, public transport faces problems such as congestion, delays, high costs and safety. With the rise of sustainable development, technology and rationalization, mobility management has taken on an increasingly demanding and complex role. The aim of this article is to highlight this gap, seeking to understand how mobility management can reconcile territorial requirements within a sustainable framework. To achieve this, a qualitative study was conducted, taking the case of the city of Marrakech as the most advanced in this field. To do so, observation, document analysis and semi-structured interviews with city authorities were completed. The results have been enabled to highlight the contribution of electric buses and their positive social, economic and ecological impact, as well as the contribution of local authorities' involvement in the sustainable approach through the introduction of electric buses. Based on these results, this paper can serve city managers and the various stakeholders involved in managing transport, as it contributes to enhancing urban mobility. This is why this paper identifies concrete measures analysis the situation of public transport in order to improve urban mobility, in particular by adopting more sustainable transport solutions such as electric buses. |
| Abstract: | Dans de nombreuses villes du monde, le transport public est confronté à des problèmes tels que la congestion, les retards, les coûts élevés et la sécurité. Avec l'avènement des principes du développement durable, de la technologie et de la rationalisation, la gestion de la mobilité est devenue de plus en plus exigeante et complexe. Cet article a pour objectif de traiter cette lacune, en étudiant comment le management de la mobilité peut concilier entre les exigences du territoire et les orientations durables. Pour ce faire, une étude qualitative a été menée en prenant le cas de la ville de Marrakech comme étant la plus avancée en la matière. L'observation, l'analyse des documents et des entretiens semi-directifs avec les responsables de la ville ont été réalisé, les résultats obtenus font ressortir l'apport des bus électriques et leur impact positif sur le volet social, économique et écologique, ainsi que l'apport de l'insertion des collectivités territoriales dans l'approche durable via la mise en place des bus électriques. Sur la base de ces résultats, ce papier met en évidence des recommandations et des pistes concrètes qui peuvent être mises en œuvre pour améliorer la mobilité, en particulier en adoptant des solutions de transport plus durables telles que les bus électriques. |
| Keywords: | Urban mobility, public transport, electric bus, sustainability, Marrakech, Mobilité urbaine, transport public, bus électrique, durabilité |
| Date: | 2023–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04192340&r=env |
| By: | Mathieu Lambotte (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Sandrine Mathy (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Anna Risch (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Carole Treibich (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the role of peer effects at the work place on the individual choice of transportation mode. We collect original data through an online survey on networks and sustainable behaviors among 334 individuals working in ten laboratories of the University of Grenoble Alps in February 2020. Using a linear-in-means model for binary outcomes and distinguishing endogenous and exogenous peer effects, correlated effects and network endogeneity, we find that peers have a significant and positive effect on individual active transportation mode's choice. We show that in our setting, a simulated policy or intervention would be almost twice more effective in spreading active transportation mode through social spillover effects if it targets key players rather than random individuals. |
| Keywords: | Peer effects, Social network, Workplace, Transportation choice, Key players |
| Date: | 2022–06–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03702660&r=env |
| By: | Jens Abildtrup (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Anne Stenger-Letheux (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Il est largement reconnu que les espaces forestiers produisent de nombreux biens et services comme le bois, le stockage du carbone, la conservation de la biodiversité, la protection des sols ou de l'eau… Mais la production de bois reste la seule activité rémunératrice, alors que les autres services sont implicitement offerts à la société. L'objectif principal du projet NOBEL a été de réfléchir aux possibilités d'amélioration, de maintien et de rémunérations des services écosystémiques. |
| Keywords: | Service ecosystemique, PSE, Foret, Enquête |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04183989&r=env |
| By: | Wilfredo L. Maldonado; Jessica A. Barbosa |
| Abstract: | The effects of deforestation through land fires used by farmers (specially, smallholders) are twofold. From the individual point of view, they prepare the land improving its fertility. On the other side, the aggregate decision has a negative impact on air and water quality, degrading the environment, and this is reverted as a negative impact of the productivity of the land. In this work we present an aggregative game framework which includes those effects and allows us to analyze the impact of cost fires variations and number of farmers. Finally, using data from Brazilian research institutes, we test the sign and the size of the impacts of those determinants on the aggregate deforestation in Brazil for the period 2009 to 2018. |
| Keywords: | Aggregative games; land use; deforestation |
| JEL: | C72 D62 Q5 |
| Date: | 2023–09–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spa:wpaper:2023wpecon12&r=env |
| By: | Younès El Manzani (Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, LAREQUOI - Laboratoire de recherche en Management - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines); Jean Jack Cegarra (Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Lyon, Laboratoire de Recherche Magellan - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Lyon) |
| Abstract: | Empirical research shows that there is a synergistic relationship between quality management and market orientation that promotes the creation and delivery of value, customer satisfaction, and performance (El Manzani, 2021). By calling on the theory of dynamic capabilities, the main objective of this research is to enrich the literature by studying the effect of the complementarity between quality management and proactive market orientation on radical product innovation, considering the moderating role of environmental uncertainty in this relationship. The results of a quantitative study of 130 ISO 9001 certified companies that have rolled out radical product innovations reveal that the complementarity between quality management and proactive market orientation improves radical product innovation. This synergistic effect becomes more pronounced when the level of environmental uncertainty is high. |
| Keywords: | quality management (ISO 9001) TQM proactive market orientation complementarity radical product innovation environmental uncertainty PLS-SEM Morocco, quality management (ISO 9001), TQM, proactive market orientation, complementarity, radical product innovation, environmental uncertainty, PLS-SEM, Morocco |
| Date: | 2023–08–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04182964&r=env |
| By: | Xinyu Li (PBL Netherlands); Marco Haan (University of Amsterdam); Sander Onderstal (University of Groningen); Jasper Veldman (University of Amsterdam) |
| Abstract: | Globally, governments increasingly rely on auctions to advance renewable energy. This paper studies the design of wind farm auctions and evaluates the impact of price guarantees and subsidies on auction efficiency, government revenue, and renewable-energy production. While the theoretical analysis suggests that the price guarantee has no effect, our laboratory experiment suggests that the price guarantee improves efficiency and that it often increases production and revenue. An important explanation for these results is that less risk averse subjects tend to bid less aggressively and produce less. Without the price guarantee, and hence with more uncertainty in the auction, this increases the chances that risk-loving bidders win the auction, thus compromising auction efficiency. The subsidy is less effective than suggested by theory. Bidders with a higher valuation tend to bid more conservatively than the equilibrium prediction, thus neutralizing the efficiency-enhancing effect of the subsidy. |
| Keywords: | Auctions, Experiments, Wind farms, Renewable energy |
| JEL: | C92 D44 F64 H23 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–08–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20230046&r=env |
| By: | El Mouatassim A (ENCG - Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion - UH2MC - Université Hassan II [Casablanca]); Saïd Youssef (ENCG - Ecole Nationale de Commerce et de Gestion - UH2MC - Université Hassan II [Casablanca]) |
| Abstract: | Recent times have seen a lot of interest in the concept of sustainable development and its incorporation at the corporate level. Organizations are still having difficulty integrating performance evaluation across all of its dimensions into their decision-making processes because the strategy's adoption is still in its early stages. This is due to a lack of consideration for social and environmental issues in strategy processes and, as a result, in the metrics employed to measure organizational performance. Management control systems, especially Simons' (1995) control levers, are said to be necessary for the CSR strategy's execution and monitoring of overall performance. Now, the purpose of this paper is to establish a narrative literature review on the main theories that have examined the relationship between CSR and its control systems in order to increase so-called global or three-dimensional performance: economic, social and environmental. We use the theoretical framework of R. Simons (1995) to assess the role of these control systems in the implementation of a CSR strategy and the model of E. Reynaud (2003) to identify the dimensions of overall performance. |
| Abstract: | Le concept de développement durable et sa désinence au niveau des entreprises a connu une attention particulière ces dernières années. Toutefois, sa mise en œuvre en tant que stratégie reste toujours balbutiante et les organisations ont toujours du mal à l'intégrer dans leurs processus décisionnels pour évaluer la performance dans toutes ses dimensions. En effet, ce chantier reste toujours difficile à mettre en œuvre au niveau des entreprises, car les préoccupations sociales et environnementales ne sont pas totalement intégrées dans les processus stratégiques et ainsi dans les outils de mesure de la performance des organisations. La littérature académique s'accorde sur le fait que les systèmes de contrôle de gestion, plus particulièrement les leviers de contrôle de Simons (1995), permettent une mise en œuvre de la stratégie de RSE et le pilotage de la performance globale. Ce papier a pour objet d'établir une revue de littérature narrative sur les principales théories qui se sont penchées sur la relation existante entre la RSE et ses systèmes de contrôle pour accroitre une performance dite globale ou tridimensionnelle : économique, sociale et environnementale. Nous mobilisons d'une part le cadre théorique de R. Simons (1995) afin d'apprécier le rôle de ces systèmes de contrôle dans la mise en œuvre d'une stratégie de RSE et d'autre part le modèle de E. Reynaud (2003) qui nous permettra de desceller les dimensions de la performance globale. |
| Keywords: | Overall performance, Levers control of Simons (1995). JEL classification: M14, P17, Stratégie de RSE Performance globale Les leviers de contrôle R. Simons (1995). Classification JEL : M14 P17 Type de papier : Recherche théorique CSR Strategy Overall performance Levers control of Simons (1995). JEL classification: M14 P17, Stratégie de RSE, Performance globale, Les leviers de contrôle R. Simons (1995). Classification JEL : M14, P17 Type de papier : Recherche théorique CSR Strategy |
| Date: | 2023–08–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04192426&r=env |
| By: | Esteban Colla-De-Robertis (Universidad Panamericana) |
| Abstract: | We study information aggregation through voting in dynamic environments. We show that the voting rule under which an informative vote is a Nash equilibrium entails a time-varying quota, which suggests that efficient information aggregation requires the use of time-varying voting rules. We also show that a time-invariant simple majority quota rule is asymptotically efficient, that is when the size of the committee tends to infinity. We discuss possible applications to the monitoring and managing of natural resources and the environment. |
| Keywords: | Condorcet Jury Theorem - Information aggregation - Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes - Management of natural resources - Environment |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aoz:wpaper:272&r=env |
| By: | Nathalie Touratier-Muller (TREE - Transitions Energétiques et Environnementales - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ESC PAU - Ecole Supérieure de Commerce, Pau Business School); Eduardo Ortas |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03675375&r=env |
| By: | Kamel Louhichi; Daël Merisier (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the potential impacts of a hypothetical implementation of the Income Stabilisation Tool in France for the field crops sector. The IST is a risk management tool proposed within the CAP 2014-2020 to support farmers facing a severe drop in their incomes. This analysis was conducted using a farm-level model relying on expected utility theory and based on positive mathematical programming with risk. The model was applied to a sample of 1375 field crop farms in metropolitan France derived from FADN data. Simulation results show that the uptake rate of the tool is relatively low, less than 37% in all scenarios. It strongly depends on the CAP public support, the loss threshold triggering entitlement to the aid and the amount of premium paid by farmers. The highest rates are observed in large farms and farms located in regions highly exposed to climatic risks. Model results also show that the IST boost adopters' income. However, its impacts on crop diversity, measured by Shannon index, are negatives. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural risk management, Income Stabilisation Tool, Mutual Fund, Crop diversity, Farm-level Model, Common Agricultural Policy, France |
| Date: | 2023–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04195630&r=env |
| By: | Stefan Pollinger (ECON - Département d'économie (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This paper demonstrates that kinks or discontinuities in incentive schemes (e.g., taxes, subsidies, or prices) simultaneously identify agents' intensive and participation margin responses. The proposed semi-nonparametric estimator enables the evaluation of such schemes when existing kink and discontinuity methods are inapplicable due to the presence of both margins. The paper applies the estimator to evaluate the German subsidy for rooftop solar panels, a cornerstone in the global efforts to transit towards a carbon-free economy. Compared to a linear scheme, the government's nonlinear subsidy reduces costs by 0.14 per cent; an optimal nonlinear scheme would more than triple this gain. Ignoring the participation margin when optimising the subsidy would increase costs substantially. The results highlight the importance of estimating both margins for optimal policy design. |
| Keywords: | Participation Margin, Solar Subsidies, Nonlinear Incentive Schemes, Bunching |
| Date: | 2023–08–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-04182085&r=env |
| By: | Luo, Lun; DeLong, Karen; Griffith, Andrew P.; Schexnayder, Susan; Fryxell, Rebecca Trout |
| Abstract: | Cattle producers deal with many pests affecting their cattle that negatively affect their herds and impose a variety of damages (Smith et al. 2022a; Brewer et al. 2021). Brewer et al. (2021) state that within the United States, the economic loss associated with horn flies alone is more than $2.3 billion annually. Pests of livestock can cause direct damage to animals by being a nuisance or directly blood feeding on animals. Indirectly, these pests can transmit pathogens, and some pests can cause peripheral damage via misuse of management decisions or quarantines. The most common pests of pastured cattle are lice, ticks, and flies; including horn flies (Haematobia irritans (L.)), face flies (Musca autumnalis De Geer), stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)), house flies (Musca domestica (L.)) and cattle grubs/heel flies (Hypoderma bovis (L.) or H. lineatum (Villers)) (Williams 2009). Horn flies and stable flies will blood feed on animals, which annoys, alters grazing habits, decreases milk production and weight gains in pastured cattle and allows for transmission of pathogens causing mastitis (recently reviewed by Brewer et al. 2021, Rochon et al. 2021). House and face flies are nuisance flies that feed on host exudates, and, when bacteria are present, these flies can also transmit bacteria causing pink eye or other infectious diseases (Geden et al. 2021, Trout Fryxell et al. 2021). Many producers will use insect growth regulators to control nematodes, but non-target control of lice, cattle grubs and heel flies occurs with those products, leaving many researchers to wonder if these non-target pests are a problem for the industry (e.g., developed resistance, pest in organic operations) (Lysyk and Colwell 1996). Ticks not only blood feed on animals, but can cause anemia from feeding in high numbers, inject a toxin causing tick paralysis and transmit pathogens causing disease (Hooker et al. 1912). While all these different pests can be found in the same cattle operation, management for these pests are dependent on insecticides that often target all the pest species; notably, this is not a sustainable method and will lead to insecticide resistance. While we know producers are managing livestock pests (Smith et al. 2022b), we are not sure which pests they consider most important. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the perceived impact of different livestock pests, specifically arthropods, on cattle operations. We investigated this question to document the perceptions of cow-calf producers in two different regions of the United States (Tennessee and Texas). |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2023–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:utaeer:338375&r=env |
| By: | Magali Jaoul-Grammare; Anne Stenger |
| Abstract: | Le rapport 2014 de l'UNESCO souligne le rôle essentiel de l'éducation sur les préoccupations environnementales et de fait sur la préservation de l'environnement. De nombreux articles ont analysé l'importance de l'éducation sur les préoccupations environnementales. Dans une précédente étude (Jaoul-Grammare et Stenger, 2022), nous mettons en évidence des préoccupations différenciées selon le niveau d'éducation. En prolongement, l'objectif ici est de dépasser les seules préoccupations en analysant les déterminants des comportements pro environnementaux (CPE). A l'aide d'un questionnaire dédié, nous soulignons l'importance de l'éducation, directe et indirecte, sur l'adoption de CPE mais également son rôle à long terme dans la transmission de normes et attitudes en faveur de l'environnement. L'éducation apparait ainsi comme un levier efficace pour agir en faveur de l'environnement. |
| Keywords: | Éducation, comportements pro-environnementaux, caractéristiques socio-démographiques. |
| JEL: | C38 I20 Q53 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2023-26&r=env |
| By: | Charles Kenny (Center for Global Development); Zack Gehan (Center for Global Development) |
| Abstract: | We develop scenarios for the shape of the global economy in 2050 building on a simple regression of the historic relationship between current income and lagged income, demographic features, climate, and education, using the coefficients to develop a “central” forecast and error terms to set high and low bounds on country outcomes. Scenarios examine combinations of low and high outcomes for different country groupings. “Central” forecasts suggest slowing per capita growth rates for high income countries as well as many upper middle income countries including China, with continued global income convergence. Scenario exercises suggest the potential for considerable variation in outcomes including global share of the economy and voting power in international institutions. |
| Keywords: | economic forecasts, global growth, international governance |
| JEL: | C53 E66 F01 |
| Date: | 2023–03–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:wpaper:634&r=env |
| By: | Omerovic Smajlovic, Mirheta; Zöll, Anne; Rami, Alhasan |
| Abstract: | The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) requires significant resources, which creates a conflict in light of the growing importance of sustainable practices. To address this challenge, it is essential to consider its reusability but the unique nature of AI necessitates the development of specific design principles tailored to AI systems. Thus, we utilize design science research and leverage established design knowledge that encompasses principles for creating AI solutions that can be reused. Our approach incorporates Wenger's (1998) framework of Community of Practice and involves iterative refinement and evaluation of our design knowledge through design thinking workshops, focus group discussions, and expert interviews. Furthermore, we explore how the established design principles for developing reusable AI solutions can contribute to the promotion of socially and environmentally sustainable business practices. By discussing these topics, we aim to inspire further exploration and investigation in the field of Information Systems research. |
| Date: | 2023–09–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:138495&r=env |
| By: | Arroud Warda (UMSBJ - Université Mohammed Seddik Benyahia [Jijel] | University of Jijel); Laib Siham (UMSBJ - Université Mohammed Seddik Benyahia [Jijel] | University of Jijel) |
| Abstract: | Information has shown to be the weapon on which global economic institutions depend, namely with the intensification of competition and the rapid technological development that the world is nowadays witnessing in light of the digital information revolution. Thus, lots of negative aspects came into sight from the use of such digital revolution on the consumer, most notably the information pollution as regards various products, the issue of which will be addressed in our present study, as we aim to shed light on the information pollution in the digital environment and its impact on the consumer behaviour, together with identifying the causes and risks thereof. In closing, we will bring to mind the mechanisms and the ways to protect the consumer from such type of pollution. We conducted a field study that included a sample of 305 interrogated individuals for consolidation purpose of the obtained results. |
| Keywords: | Information pollution Digital environment Electronic consumer protection. JEL Classification Codes: M31, O14, O32, Information pollution, Digital environment, Electronic consumer protection. JEL Classification Codes: M31 |
| Date: | 2023–06–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04183387&r=env |
| By: | Keogh, Colin; McKeown, Anita |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the concept of Hiberno-Celtic Futurisms within the framework of Indigenous Futurism. It aims to construct alternative narratives of the future rooted in the rich history and mythology of Celtic heritage, encompassing Irish, Manx, Scottish, Welsh, Cornish, and Breton cultures. By blending tradition and innovation, this approach seeks to foster interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation across fields such as science, technology, engineering, the arts, and mathematics (STEAM). Positioned as a bridge between past and future, it envisions a more inclusive and values-driven future, acknowledging the complex histories of Hiberno-Celtic culture. While not a nationalist agenda, the paper underscores the importance of collective effort and restoration for a sustainable future, emphasizing generative, empathic, and inclusive values. The authors view this work as a starting point for discussion and collaboration, welcoming contributions from diverse perspectives to nurture the growth and evolution of this vision. |
| Date: | 2023–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:8khs5&r=env |
| By: | David Robinson; Angel Arcos-Vargas; Micheael Tennican; Fernando N\'u\~nez |
| Abstract: | This paper offers an independent assessment of certain economic effects of the Iberian Exception (IE) which was introduced in June 2022 by the Spanish and Portuguese governments. Their stated aim was to reduce wholesale spot electricity prices (which were rising alarmingly due to tight international gas markets related to Russia s invasion of Ukraine) and thereby reduce retail electricity prices for consumers whose prices were linked to that wholesale market. Another aim was to reduce Spanish inflation, which was linked to a regulated electricity retail price indexed to the wholesale spot market. Using hourly data on the wholesale electricity market for the first 100 days of the IE, the authors question the Spanish Governments estimate of the beneficial effects of the measure for affected consumers, which included over 10 million small consumers as well as many large ones. They argue that the estimated effect of the IE on retail prices depends on the assumed counterfactual. Although counterfactuals are always difficult to construct, the government s counterfactual ignores demand elasticity, and this inflates their estimate of immediate consumer benefits. Alternative counterfactuals that include demand elasticity reduce the estimated benefits for consumers and may even lead to the conclusion that the latter would have paid less had the IE not been introduced. The authors identify several other potential short and long-term effects of the IE that deserve further study, including increased margins for fossil fired generators, reduced margins for decarbonized inframarginal plant, heightened regulatory risk for investors, weakened incentives for efficient consumption, higher carbon emissions and gas prices and ultimately higher costs for consumers. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2309.02608&r=env |
| By: | Lee Crawfurd (Center for Global Development); Rory Todd (Center for Global Development); Susannah Hares (Center for Global Development); Justin Sandefur (Center for Global Development); Rachel Silverman Bonnifield (Center for Global Development) |
| Abstract: | Around half of children in low-income countries have elevated blood lead levels. What role does lead play in explaining low educational outcomes in these settings? We conduct a new systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies on the relationship between lead exposure and learning outcomes. Adjusting for observable confounds and publication bias yields a benchmark estimate of a 0.12 standard deviation reduction in learning per natural log unit of blood lead. As all estimates are non-experimental, we present evidence on the likely magnitude of unobserved confounding, and summarize results from a smaller set of natural experiments. Our benchmark estimate accounts for over a fifth of the gap in learning outcomes between rich and poor countries, and implies moderate learning gains from targeted interventions for highly exposed groups (≈ 0.1 standard deviations) and modest learning gains (< 0.05 standard deviations) from broader public health campaigns. |
| Date: | 2023–07–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cgd:wpaper:650&r=env |
| By: | Thomas Kurian |
| Abstract: | 1 billion people worldwide live over 2 km from a paved road. Consequently, I investi-gate medium-run impacts of rural road construction on structural transformation in India- identifying how responsive such benefits are based on a) external market condi¬tions and b) in-village electrification. I leverage a regression discontinuity design and triple difference strategy, exploiting discontinuities in population-based eligibility and staggered rollout of the Indian PMGSY rural road program- which aimed to provided all-weather road (AWR) connectivity to 115, 000 villages nationwide. I combine the program with a unique natural experiment induced by the US fracking boom, which created a parallel agricultural commodity boom in the price of guar, a crop provid¬ing a necessary fracking input. I compare heterogeneous impacts of AWRs in villages with high and low-intensity exposure to the fracking boom, and separately investigate heterogeneity of roads by village electrification access, exploiting variable implemen-tation intensity of the nationwide RGGVY electrification program. My results im¬ply structural transformation benefits of AWRs are relatively unresponsive to village electrification, whereas external economic conditions can drastically influence these impacts. RD analysis showcases labor reallocation gains from AWRs were entirely concentrated in non-Boom villages- where roads caused a 12.1-7 percentage-point reduction in share of workers employed in agriculture, and 9.2-8 percentage-point in-creased share employed in non-agricultural manual labour. Conversely, AWRs caused significantly reduced (net zero) structural transformation benefits in boom villages. My findings are robust to multiple specification tests, varying electrification levels, and suggest substantial within-village heterogeneity, with largest discrepancies in new labor market entrants. A plausible mechanism is reduced out-migration impacts of AWRs in boom-villages. These results confirm theoretical predictions that local eco¬nomic conditions can drastically influence the impact of infrastructure investments suggesting the need for effective spatial and temporal targeting. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csa:wpaper:2023-03&r=env |