|
on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Jonathan Colmer; Ralf Martin; Mirabelle Muûls; Ulrich J. Wagner |
| Abstract: | In theory, market-based regulatory instruments correct market failures at least cost. How- ever, evidence on their efficacy remains scarce. Using administrative data, we estimate that, on average, the EU ETS – the world’s first and largest market-based climate policy – induced regulated manufacturing firms to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 14-16% with no de- tectable contractions in economic activity. We find no evidence of outsourcing to unregulated firms or markets; instead firms made targeted investments, reducing the emissions intensity of production. These results indicate that the EU ETS induced global emissions reductions, a necessary and sufficient condition for mitigating climate change. We show that the absence of any negative economic effects can be rationalized in a model where inattentive firms under- invest in energy-saving capital prior to regulation. Guided by the predictions of this model, we classify firms with low initial productivity or high energy intensity as potentially inattentive. We estimate larger reductions in emissions and increases in economic activity for those firms, consistent with regulation-induced cost savings or efficiency increases. |
| Keywords: | Emissions Trading System, carbon leakage, investment, climate policy |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 H23 L50 F18 |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2023_232v2&r=env |
| By: | Jan K. Brueckner; Matthew E. Kahn; Jerry Nickelsburg |
| Abstract: | Airline fuel consumption is costly for the firms and for society as well due to a climate-change externality. We study how fuel price changes affect cost-minimizing choices by airlines that have implications for the extent of this externality. The airline industry’s capital stock can be easily inventoried as a set of long-lived, durable aircraft. This portfolio approach allows us to study the utilization and composition of the capital stock at a highly disaggregated level. Changes in airline operations directed toward conserving fuel can be an important path toward lower emissions. |
| Keywords: | airlines, fuel, climate change, carbon emissions |
| JEL: | Q52 L93 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10478&r=env |
| By: | Pier Basaglia; Sophie Behr; Moritz A. Drupp |
| Abstract: | This paper is the first to investigate the effectiveness of fuel taxation to jointly deliver climate and health benefits in a quasi-experimental setting. Using the synthetic control method, we compare carbon and air pollutant emissions of the actual and synthetic German transport sector following the 1999-2003 German eco tax reform. We demonstrate sizable average reductions in CO2 (12%), PM2.5 (10%) and NOX (6%) emissions between 1999 and 2009 across a range of specifications. Using official cost estimates, we find that the eco-tax saved more than 40 billion euros of external damages. More than half of the reductions in external damages are health benefits, highlighting the importance of accounting for co-pollution impacts of carbon pricing. Our fuel and emission specific tax elasticity estimates suggest much stronger demand responses to eco tax increases than to market price movements, primarily due to increases in tax salience, which we measure using textual analysis of newspapers. We further show that gasoline-to-diesel substitution substantially mediates the trade-off between climate and health benefits. Our results highlight the key roles of tax salience and fuel-substitution in mediating the effectiveness of fuel taxes to reduce climate and health externalities. |
| Keywords: | Environmental policy, carbon tax, eco tax, tax elasticity, tax salience, fuel consumption, fuel substitution, externalities, climate, pollution, health |
| JEL: | Q51 Q58 Q41 H23 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp2041&r=env |
| By: | Mirabelle Muûls (Research and Economics Department, NBB and Imperial College London); Jonathan Colmer (University of Virginia); Ralf Martin (Imperial College London); Ulrich J. Wagner (University of Mannheim) |
| Abstract: | In theory, market-based regulatory instruments correct market failures at least cost. However, evidence on their efficacy remains scarce. Using administrative data, we estimate that, on average, the EU ETS – the world’s first and largest market-based climate policy – induced regulated manufacturing firms to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 14-16% with no detectable contractions in economic activity. We find no evidence of outsourcing to unregulated firms or markets; instead firms made targeted investments, reducing the emissions intensity of production. These results indicate that the EU ETS induced global emissions reductions, a necessary and sufficient condition for mitigating climate change. We show that the absence of any negative economic effects can be rationalized in a model where inattentive firms underinvest in energy-saving capital prior to regulation. Guided by the predictions of this model, we classify firms with low initial productivity or high energy intensity as potentially inattentive. We estimate larger reductions in emissions and increases in economic activity for those firms, consistent with regulation-induced cost savings or efficiency increases. |
| Keywords: | cap-and-trade, carbon leakage, investment, climate policy |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 H23 L50 F18 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbb:reswpp:202306-438&r=env |
| By: | Koloma, Yaya; Some, Juste |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effects of public financing devoted to agriculture on the performance of the agriculture sector and on the environmental degradation in Ghana over the period 1996-2019. The paper particularly focuses on three tree crops value chains, namely cashew, cocoa and mango sub-sectors. The agriculture performance is measured by the value added. The environmental degradation is measured by the greenhouse emissions from agriculture. The empirical methodology is based on a multivariate econometric approach, in particular a VAR model in a form of error correction that considers the long-term relationships (cointegration) between variables. The results from the impulse-response functions indicate that public financing significantly improves agricultural performance but with mixed impacts on environmental quality. It helps improve agricultural performance by increasing agricultural value added and agricultural productivity. However, this support tends to have a negative impact in terms of CO2 emissions in Ghana. The policy implications suggest that the increase in support to the agricultural sector is highly commendable and should be strengthened for the three trees crops, but policymakers should consider the potential negative impact of the financing on carbon dioxide emissions. To this end, while for mango a few non-financial measures seem necessary, for cocoa and cashew, substantial non-financial resources are required to make these crops more climate or environmentally sensitive, through incentives and awareness. This means encouraging use of innovative tools on farms, including climate smart agriculture methods to make these crops less degrading for the quality of the environment in Ghana. |
| Keywords: | Public Financing, tree crops value chains, Environmental degradation, Ghana, VAR models |
| JEL: | Q14 Q56 Q18 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:272934&r=env |
| By: | Ralph De Haas (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, CEPR and KU Leuven); Ralf Martin (Imperial College London); Mirabelle Muûls (Research and Economics Department, NBB and Imperial College London); Helena Schweiger (European Bank for Reconstruction and Development) |
| Abstract: | Using data on 10, 769 firms across 22 emerging markets, we show that both credit constraints and weak green management hold back corporate investment in green technologies embodied in new machinery, equipment and vehicles. In contrast, investment in measures to explicitly reduce emissions and other pollution, is mainly determined by the quality of a firm’s green management and less so by binding credit constraints. In addition, data from the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register reveal the climate impact of these organizational constraints. In areas where more firms are credit constrained and weakly managed, industrial facilities systematically emit more CO2 and other greenhouse gases. A counterfactual analysis shows that credit constraints and weak management have respectively kept CO2 emissions 4.8% and 2.2% above the levels that would have prevailed without such constraints. This is further corroborated by our finding that in localities where banks had to deleverage more due to the Global Financial Crisis, carbon emissions by industrial facilities remained 5.7% higher a decade later. |
| Keywords: | Green management, credit constraints, CO2 emissions, energy efficiency |
| JEL: | D22 L23 G32 L20 Q52 Q53 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbb:reswpp:202306-439&r=env |
| By: | Zhao, Xialing; Fan, Linlin; Xu, Yilan |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335572&r=env |
| By: | Cheng, Muxi; McCarl, Bruce A.; Fei, Chengcheng |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agribusiness, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335933&r=env |
| By: | Marcillo, Edgar; Grogan, Kelly A. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335583&r=env |
| By: | Rosas, Juan Francisco; Galindo, Luis Miguel |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335673&r=env |
| By: | Wan, Xibo; Zhang, Wendong; Shr, Yau-Huo Jimmy |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Health Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:336008&r=env |
| By: | Kuroiwa, Kenichi; Kawasaki, Kentaro |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335853&r=env |
| By: | Haqiqi, Iman |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335881&r=env |
| By: | Gerullis, Maria K.; Ortiz-Bobea, Ariel; Heckelei, Thomas |
| Keywords: | International Development, Productivity Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:336017&r=env |
| By: | Potter, Nicholas; Hrozencik, Robert A. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335654&r=env |
| By: | Diego Scalise (Bank of Italy) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the segment of the financial industry that comprises the set of digital applications designed to support the process of decarbonization and transition to environmental sustainability, which is known as Climate Fintech. Italy's special focus is on green equity crowdfunding and digital green lending solutions; however, automated applications for measuring environmental profiles are used to a lesser extent than in the rest of the sample. |
| Keywords: | Climate Fintech, green transition |
| JEL: | Q4 O16 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_780_23&r=env |
| By: | Kim, Jeong Won (Asian Development Bank Institute); Kim, Sungjin (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | Since the mid-1980s, the international community has controlled refrigerants that may damage the ozone layer and cause climate change based on several international agreements. In particular, the Montreal Protocol contributed to not only solving the ozone layer depletion problem but also limiting global warming. Given that the global demand for cooling would triple by 2050 and this rise would increase global greenhouse gas emissions significantly, the Montreal Protocol has expanded its regulatory scope to decarbonize the cooling sector through the adoption of the Kigali Amendment. Also, increasing interest in low-carbon cooling has driven the launch of various global initiatives to complement the international agreements and accelerate low-carbon cooling in developing countries. The experience of implementing the Montreal Protocol and its amendments suggests some lessons and insights for making the Kigali Amendment work well. First, each country should develop and enforce national policies aligned with international agreements. Second, financial and technical support mechanisms should be strengthened to facilitate developing countries’ compliance with the Kigali Amendment. Third, along with the improving energy efficiency of cooling, the substances that neither harm the ozone layer nor exacerbate climate change should be used as substitutes for hydrofluorocarbons. Last, the monitoring, reporting, and verification of controlled substances need to be strengthened. |
| Keywords: | global warming potential; international environmental agreement; Kigali Amendment; low-carbon cooling; Montreal Protocol |
| JEL: | F53 Q01 Q53 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:1343&r=env |
| By: | Lisa Depraiter (Université Paris-Saclay); Stéphane Goutte (Université Paris-Saclay) |
| Abstract: | The energy transition from fossil fuel energy to low-carbon energy is mineral intensive. Among the required minerals rare earth elements (REEs) are core components of clean energy technologies such as wind turbines and electric vehicles. This article focuses on the relationship between rare earth elements and the energy transition, while discussing demand and supply of these critical minerals in the energy transition process. We investigate the challenges regarding current and future supply of REEs for low-carbon technologies. The stakes and challenges are numerous between the Chinese quasi-monopoly, the absence of equivalent substitutes, the low recycling rates or even the environmental damage linked to the extraction and the production process. In the face of these issues, we propose concrete recommendations and policies in order to meet the ecological challenge of the energy transition and to ensure a reliable future supply. |
| Keywords: | Rare Earths, Energy Transition, Supply, Renewable, Wind turbine, Electric Vehicle, China, Environment |
| Date: | 2023–06–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-04126172&r=env |
| By: | Aryal, Jeetendra P. (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | The agriculture sector in the Asia and Pacific region contributes massively to climate change, as the region has the largest share of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture. The region is the largest producer of rice, a major source of methane emissions. Further, to achieve food security for the increasing population, there has been a massive increase in the use of synthetic fertilizer and energy in agricultural production in the region over the last few decades. This has led to an enormous rise in nitrous oxide (N2O) (mostly from fertilizer-N use) and carbon dioxide (mostly from energy use for irrigation) emissions from agriculture. Besides this, a substantial increase in livestock production for meat and dairy products has increased methane emissions, along with other environmental problems. In this context, we conduct a systematic review of strategies that can reduce emissions from the agriculture sector using a multidimensional approach, looking at supply-side, demand-side, and cross-cutting measures. The review found that though there is a huge potential to reduce GHG emissions from agriculture, significant challenges exist in monitoring and verification of GHG emissions from supply-side measures, shifting to sustainable consumption behavior with regard to food consumption and use, and the design and implementation of regulatory and incentive mechanisms. On the supply side, policies should focus on the upscaling of climate-smart agriculture primarily through expanding knowledge and improving input use efficiency in agriculture, while on the demand side, there is a need to launch a drive to reduce food loss and waste and also to move toward sustainable consumption. Therefore, appropriate integration of policies at multiple levels, as well as application of multiple measures simultaneously, can increase mitigation potential as desired by the Paris Agreement and also help to achieve several of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. |
| Keywords: | agriculture; climate change; low-emission agriculture; Asia and the Pacific |
| JEL: | Q15 Q18 Q24 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:1340&r=env |
| By: | Shirai, Sayuri (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | The global economy has been facing a series of adverse shocks in recent years including the COVID-19 pandemic, climate crisis, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, high inflation, and interest rate shocks driven by global monetary policy normalization. The high cost of fossil fuels since 2021, moreover, has reminded the world that investment for clean energy projects has been severely inadequate due to limited implementation of climate policies and limited capital inflows to financing decarbonization efforts. While overdependence on fossil fuels might be inevitable currently, the world needs to accelerate transition to carbon neutrality and also begin to cope with nature capital stock and biodiversity losses, which are happening at an alarming pace. In particular, more financial support should be provided to emerging and developing economies (EMDEs) to help achieve climate and environmental goals and other sustainable development goals (SDGs). We give an overview of some innovative finance schemes applicable to EMDEs, including blended finance to mobilize more private capital to climate and environmental projects and debt-for-climate swaps (or debt-for-nature swaps), to provide de facto grants to small high-debt economies in exchange for climate projects (or nature protection). We also provide some suggestions for further actions through better coordination among donor and recipient nations led by G7 and G20 nations. |
| Keywords: | public–private partnership; blended finance; debt-for-nature swaps; performance-based grants |
| JEL: | F34 F35 F64 G23 |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:1347&r=env |
| By: | Robson, Beatrice; Zhen, Chen |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Marketing |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335629&r=env |
| By: | Park, Yunsun; Yun, Seong; Interis, Matthew G. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Production Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335714&r=env |
| By: | Loduca, Natalie R.; Swinton, Scott M. |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335554&r=env |
| By: | Cameron-Harp, Micah; Hendricks, Nathan P. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335862&r=env |
| By: | Wu, Yining; Davis, Eric; Sohngen, Brent |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335744&r=env |
| By: | Sajid, Osama; Ifft, Jennifer; Ortiz-Bobea, Ariel |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335443&r=env |
| By: | Amrita Goldar (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Sajal Jain (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Poulomi Bhattacharya (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)) |
| Abstract: | Clean energy development for almost all G20 countries, be it developing or developed, stands at restricted levels for green hydrogen produced from biomass for heat and electricity. Therefore, a greater emphasis must be placed on deploying renewable energy sources and helping clean technologies businesses gain the wherewithal to avoid the valley of death, the series of challenges that high-tech start-ups often face in the early stage of development culminating into failures. Developed countries are in a better position than developing countries to raise clean finance, i.e., for clean energy development. Challenges faced by G20 developing economies in raising clean finance include a lack of green taxonomies, a lack of an implementation mechanism for climate risk assessments, and the absence of proper effective initiatives towards a carbon pricing structure. A big-push is required to make early-stage clean energy technologies enter the market and get embraced by business developers, which needs commensurate supportive financial flows. Aside from a greater emphasis on international collaboration/cooperation to help the process, the issues that need resolution include a) matching the finance requirement with demand, b) accounting for differences in costs of capital, and c) establishing green state investment banks. There is a crucial need for the international community to step in and facilitate public financing of climate-related finance needs of developing economies. It has been observed that private investments in the broader climate technology are often set to fall, with the fear that the previous bust of investments in clean technology may repeat. While a significant scope of expansion of private investments exists, its risk-averse nature and the lack of initial support hinder the tapping of the opportunity. |
| Keywords: | Clean finance, Clean technologies, Climate, G20 |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:ppaper:13&r=env |
| By: | Mark Colas; Emmett Saulnier |
| Abstract: | We study the spatial misallocation resulting from subsidies for residential solar panels in the US and quantify the associated environmental costs. We build a structural model of solar panel demand and electricity production across the country and estimate the model by combining 1) remotely sensed data on residential solar panels, 2) power-plant-level data on hourly production and emissions, and 3) a state-of-the-art air pollution model. The current subsidies lead to severe spatial misallocation. The optimal cost-neutral reform generates environmental benefits equal to those of a 6-11% increase in the productivity of residential solar panels nationally. |
| Keywords: | rooftop solar, optimal taxation, renewable energy |
| JEL: | H21 H23 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10446&r=env |
| By: | Wang, Tong; Jin, Hailong; Clay, David E. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Production Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335876&r=env |
| By: | Witcover, Julie PhD; Murphy, Colin PhD |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews literature on technological, market, and policy factors affecting the growth of alternative aviation fuels. At present, they represent a minimal fraction of global aviation fuel used but are a critical tool for lowering GHG emissions from aviation. Even with electric and hydrogen power, substantial volumes of low-carbon liquid fuels are likely needed; these will draw heavily on biomass. Beyond hydroprocessed esters and fatty acid (HEFA) fuels, technologies, including lower carbon e-fuels, remain pre-commercial. More jurisdictions are providing incentives for alternative aviation fuel, and some on-road biofuels may be redirected towards aviation in a favorable market, because production processes for these fuels overlap. Biomass feedstocks at different demand levels need to be sourced and evaluated for unintended impacts. Research suggests alternative aviation fuels improve air quality impacts compared to conventional jet fuel. Key uncertainties in scaling alternative jet fuel remain, including ongoing concerns about land use change from biofuels, how to right-size incentives with no technology clearly dominant, what the long-term carbon budget is for aviation, and how to build fuel delivery infrastructure. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Alternate fuels, aviation fuels, greenhouse gases, sustainable transportation, policy analysis, incentives |
| Date: | 2023–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt4h65x1g9&r=env |
| By: | Mandasari, Putriesti; Luckstead, Jeff |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Productivity Analysis, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:336003&r=env |
| By: | Zhu, Kunxin; Gopalakrishnan, Sathya |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335995&r=env |
| By: | Karwowski, Nicole; Skidmore, Marin |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335440&r=env |
| By: | Bhattarai, Madhusudan; Paudel, Krishna P.; Timsina, Archana |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335963&r=env |
| By: | Bocci, Corinne F.; Fortmann, Lea |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335972&r=env |
| By: | Ana Pueyo (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research); Catherine Leining (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research) |
| Abstract: | Aotearoa New Zealand needs large-scale and rapid transformations across all sectors to meet sustainability goals. Past experiences have shown that rapid economic transition is possible, but it can become deeply political, producing trade-offs, winners and losers. It can lead to conflict as politically influential and well-resourced incumbents resist change, while those less able to adjust face the brunt of the costs. As Aotearoa shifts toward a low-emissions, climate-resilient, and more sustainable economy, we have opportunities to find processes and pathways that support a just transition with socially progressive outcomes by design. This paper explores how to move just transitions from theory to practice, through a literature review. It starts with a conceptual framework, defining what we mean by transitions, specifically sustainable and just transitions. It then reviews some of the theories that explain how transitions happen and how they are governed. It provides some further insights on governance, asking if transitions can be engineered and planned from above (top-down), or if they must instead emerge organically from below (bottom-up), concluding that a combination of both is needed. Historical examples and recent toolkits offer some insights about how to plan localised just transitions. Finally, a brief compilation of indigenous approaches to sustainability transitions is presented with a recommendation for further extension to reflect the diversity of indigenous views. The paper is useful for policymakers in Aotearoa and beyond, seeking to understand what just transitions are; who and what drives them or blocks them; how to plan, implement and govern them; and how indigenous knowledge can contribute to the process. |
| Keywords: | Just transition, Aotearoa New Zealand, climate change, sustainable development, social justice |
| JEL: | Q01 Q54 Q58 Z18 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mtu:wpaper:23_51&r=env |
| By: | Li, Jing; Renuart, Bryanna |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, International Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335434&r=env |
| By: | Katheline Schubert (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Aude Pommeret (IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc); Francesco Ricci (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Confronted with political opposition to the implementation of efficient carbon pricing, climate policy relies on alternative policy interventions, at a cost in terms of welfare and public finance. In order to evaluate this cost, this paper studies, in the context of the energy transition, second best climate policies constrained to keeping a constant level of the carbon tax and combining it with subsidies to carbon-free electricity generation. This subsidies can take the form of a feed-in premium paid to electricity produced from carbon-free sources, or of subsidies to investment in green capacity. Within a stylized dynamic model where energy may be produced with fossil or carbon-free sources and climate policy aims at satisfying a carbon budget, we define and characterize the carbon pricing gap. We show that if the constant carbon tax is small and therefore the carbon pricing gap large, the subsidy to carbon-free sources should be so large to foster rapid build up of green capacity that it would imply large investment costs and huge financial burden on the public budget, and a large welfare loss. We calibrate the model to the European energy market to obtain orders of magnitude of the effects. |
| Keywords: | Energy transition, Carbon tax, Subsidies, FIP, Carbon-free energy, Policy acceptability |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-04075395&r=env |
| By: | Chowdhury, Antara |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023–03–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ncrcrd:335380&r=env |
| By: | Essakkat, Kaouter; Schoengold, Karina |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335567&r=env |
| By: | Melo, Grace; Lee, Siun |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335592&r=env |
| By: | Bård Harstad; Kjetil Storesletten |
| Abstract: | This project analyzes how a principal can motivate an agent to conserve rather than exploit a depletable resource. This dynamic problem is relevant for tropical deforestation as well as for other environmental problems. It is shown that the smaller is the agent's discount factor (e.g., because of political instability), the more the principal benefits from debt-for-nature contracts compared to flow payments (in return for lower deforestation). The debt-for-nature contract combines a loan to the agent with repayments that are contingent on the forest cover. |
| Keywords: | environmental conservation, sovereign debt, sustainability-linked bonds, default, hyperbolic discounting, time inconsistency |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10533&r=env |
| By: | Bi, Cheng; Atallah, Shadi S. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Productivity Analysis, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335911&r=env |
| By: | Basak Bayramoglu (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Estelle Gozlan (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Clément Nedoncelle (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Thibaut Tarabbia (ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the impact of trade agreements and their specific provisions on the decline of marine fisheries resources. Using global data on the status of fish stocks and a comprehensive dataset of environmental provisions from trade agreements signed between 1947 and 2018, the impact of signing a free trade agreement and of the presence of fishery-related provisions on the status of fish stocks is estimated. To address potential endogeneity problems associated with fisheries-related provisions, we use a difference-in-differences (DID) propensity score matching method. Our results show that while trade agreements tend to have a negative impact on the status of fish stocks, the inclusion of fisheries-related provisions offsets this negative impact among signatory countries. However, our results indicate that these provisions do not encourage the adoption of better resource management practices but rather tend to reduce trade opportunities. |
| Abstract: | Cette étude examine l'impact des accords commerciaux et de leurs dispositions spécifiques sur le déclin des ressources halieutiques marines. À l'aide de données mondiales sur l'état des stocks de poissons et d'un ensemble de données sur les dispositions environnementales des accords commerciaux signés entre 1947 et 2018, l'impact de la signature d'un accord de libre-échange et de la présence de dispositions liées à la pêche sur l'état des stocks de poissons sont estimés. Pour résoudre les problèmes d'endogénéité potentiels associés aux dispositions relatives à la pêche, nous utilisons une méthode d'appariement des scores de propension par différence dans les différences (DID). Nos résultats montrent que si les accords commerciaux ont tendance à avoir un impact négatif sur l'état des stocks de poissons, l'inclusion de dispositions relatives à la pêche compense cet impact négatif parmi les pays signataires. Cependant, nos résultats indiquent que ces dispositions n'encouragent pas l'adoption de meilleures pratiques de gestion des ressources mais tendent plutôt à réduire les opportunités commerciales. |
| Keywords: | Trade agreements, environmental provisions, natural resources, fisheries. |
| Date: | 2023–05–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04101044&r=env |
| By: | Lee, Meongsu; Westhoff, Patrick |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:336006&r=env |
| By: | Armin Falk (University of Bonn, briq Institute); Mark Fallak (Institute of Labor Economics); Lasse Stötzer (briq Institute) |
| Abstract: | We elicit individual willingness to fight climate change using an incentivized donation decision. More specifical-ly, we asked the 2, 002 respondents to divide 198 euros between themselves and a charitable organization that fights global warming. The amount of 198 euros was chosen because, by donating all of it, respondents could offset the annual CO2 emissions of an average German citizen. We incentivize the decision by implementing the choices of a random subset of participants. Almost 90 percent of respondents donate at least part of the money to offset CO2 emissions. On average, respondents gave slightly less than half, around 96 euros. Altruistic individuals donated significantly more. Voters of the right-wing party AfD donated just under 57 euros, while supporters of the other parties gave an average of 102 euros. Willingness to fight climate change increased with rising income. However, even in the lowest income group with less than 1, 300 euros per month, an average donation of 88 euros indicates a high willingness to forego a financial advantage for the sake of climate protection. Parents contributed on average about 10 percent more. People who deny climate change or see it as a mainly natural phenomenon donated on average 40 percent less than the rest of the population. That Germans seem to be conscious of climate issues is also reflected in their consumption behavior and transportation choices. A large majority of those surveyed stated that they try to save water and energy, and buy more regional, seasonal and vegetarian foods. Two-thirds regularly use bicycles, public transportation, or other environmentally friendly alternatives to driving by car. Germans are also willing to become politically active against climate change, albeit to a somewhat lesser extent. Almost one-fourth of respondents said they had taken part in demonstrations, signed petitions, or ac-tively supported climate protection organizations in the last twelve months. About one in eight have bought climate protection certificates to offset CO2 emissions. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajk:ajkpbs:035_en&r=env |
| By: | Wassim Le Lann (UO - Université d'Orléans, LEO - Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orleans [2022-...] - UO - Université d'Orléans - UT - Université de Tours - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Gauthier Delozière (CMB - Centre Marc Bloch - MEAE - Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères - Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, EdD - École de Droit de Sciences Po (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Yann Le Lann (Université de Lille, CERIES) |
| Abstract: | In times of global ecological crisis, the responsibility of large corporations in environmental degradation is increasingly pointed out. As a result, there has been a surge in private organizations' pledges to reduce their environmental impact in recent years. In this paper, we demonstrate that companies with poor environmental responsibility have incentives to take such pledges to maintain their ability to attract high-skilled human capital. Through a case study on a French climate movement which was initiated by elite students who threatened to boycott job offers from polluting employers, we find that environmental pledges can significantly attenuate this selection effect. Using a unique and large survey database on the climate movement participants (n=2307) and machine learning classifiers, we find that individuals who initially intended to refuse a job offer from a polluting employer were, on average, three times less likely to hold such intentions after being exposed to a corporate environmental pledge. This result can be explained by the fact that intentions to refuse to work for polluting companies, and reactions to environmental pledges are driven by different factors. Furthermore, we find substantial heterogeneity in the response to environmental pledges, which is primarily explained by career perspectives, beliefs about the ecological crisis and support for radical political action in the name of ecology. |
| Keywords: | Climate movement, Greenwashing, Human capital, Organizational behavior, Labor market, Machine Learning |
| Date: | 2023–06–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-04140191&r=env |
| By: | Wassim Le Lann (UO - Université d'Orléans, LEO - Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orleans [2022-...] - UO - Université d'Orléans - UT - Université de Tours - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Gauthier Delozière (CMB - Centre Marc Bloch - MEAE - Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères - Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, EdD - École de Droit de Sciences Po (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Yann Le Lann (Université de Lille, CERIES) |
| Abstract: | In times of global ecological crisis, the responsibility of large corporations in environmental degradation is increasingly pointed out. As a result, there has been a surge in private organizations' pledges to reduce their environmental impact in recent years. In this paper, we demonstrate that companies with poor environmental responsibility have incentives to take such pledges to maintain their ability to attract high-skilled human capital. Through a case study on a French climate movement which was initiated by elite students who threatened to boycott job offers from polluting employers, we find that environmental pledges can significantly attenuate this selection effect. Using a unique and large survey database on the climate movement participants (n=2307) and machine learning classifiers, we find that individuals who initially intended to refuse a job offer from a polluting employer were, on average, three times less likely to hold such intentions after being exposed to a corporate environmental pledge. This result can be explained by the fact that intentions to refuse to work for polluting companies, and reactions to environmental pledges are driven by different factors. Furthermore, we find substantial heterogeneity in the response to environmental pledges, which is primarily explained by career perspectives, beliefs about the ecological crisis and support for radical political action in the name of ecology. |
| Keywords: | Climate movement, Greenwashing, Human capital, Organizational behavior, Labor market, Machine Learning |
| Date: | 2023–06–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04140191&r=env |
| By: | Peng, Yifan; Ando, Amy W.; Gundersen, Craig G. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335942&r=env |
| By: | Pratt, Bryan; Szmurlo, Daniel; Rosenberg, Andrew B. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335576&r=env |
| By: | Michela Limardi (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, RIME-Lab - Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Management et Économie Lab - ULR 7396 - UA - Université d'Artois - Université de Lille); Morgane Tanvé (RIME-Lab - Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Management et Économie Lab - ULR 7396 - UA - Université d'Artois - Université de Lille) |
| Abstract: | Environmental campaigns are designed to induce a change in human behavior through more environmental friendly actions. However, the main motivations behind an individual environmental behavior are still under debate. We want to investigate if an anti-environmental behavior might depend on some social values (preferences) or a lack of information. We use an original survey conducted by a French Non-profit Organization to assess the effectiveness of its drug recycle policies. We conduct first a probit analysis of the probability that an individual recycle drugs. Then, we exploit a question in the survey where the interviewer provides the information to non recycling respondents on how it works the drugs recycle process. We estimate the difference among non recycling respondents with respect to their intent to change their recycling behavior, once this information is received. We find that the information does not provide an incentive to change the behavior to non recycling respondents with a low degree of environmental awareness, while it has a positive impact for non-recycling respondents with a higher degree of environmental awareness. A better understanding of the motivations behind anti-environmental behavior might help to design more effective environmental campaigns (informative versus persuasive). |
| Keywords: | NGOs, Environmental Policy, Anti-environmental behavior |
| Date: | 2023–02–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04102549&r=env |
| By: | Rollins, Kimberly S.; Zahid, Muhammad Umer |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335977&r=env |
| By: | Clay, Karen (Carnegie Mellon University); Lewis, Joshua (University of Montreal); Severnini, Edson R. (Carnegie Mellon University) |
| Abstract: | Historically coal has offered both benefits and costs to urban areas. Benefits include coal's role in fueling industry and thus employment. The primary costs are air pollution and its impact on human health. This paper starts by using a Rosen-Roback style model to examine how differences in local coal availability affect equilibrium city employment. Drawing on the model, the paper surveys papers that examine the net effects of coal on the growth in city population and air pollution on health. The paper then turns to papers that explicitly consider the trade-offs between production benefits and pollution disamenities across space and over time. The paper ends with a discussion of opportunities for future work on coal and cities in historical settings. |
| Keywords: | coal availability, local development, air pollution, trade-offs of coal consumption |
| JEL: | N52 N72 O13 Q53 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16229&r=env |
| By: | Michela Limardi (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, RIME-Lab - Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Management et Économie Lab - ULR 7396 - UA - Université d'Artois - Université de Lille) |
| Abstract: | Environmental campaigns aim to increase the environmental awareness of individuals and induce a pro-environmental behavior. One of the criteria used to assess the effectiveness of a campaign is to ask people if they recall the campaign. However, a bias may exist in recalling campaigns according to the environmental behavior of individuals. The goal of this is study to measure this potential recall bias. We use an original survey conducted by a French Non-profit Organization in Paris region to assess the effectiveness of its drug recycle campaigns. We first conduct a probit analysis of the probability of an individual remembering the campaign and then we apply the difference-indifference method. Our findings show that there is a systematic recall bias of the campaigns according to the environmental behavior of the respondent. This recall bias might be related to the type of message delivered. This finding implies that deeper reflection is needed in order to find the right message to succefully reach the target group of environmental campaigns, i.e. individuals with low environmental awareness. |
| Keywords: | NGOs, Environmental Campaigns, Pro-environmental behavior |
| Date: | 2022–10–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04102538&r=env |
| By: | Khanal, Nabin Babu; Elbakidze, Levan |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Health Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:336001&r=env |
| By: | Hutchins, Jared P.; Nolan, Derek; Skidmore, Marin |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Production Economics, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335579&r=env |
| By: | Federico Carril-Caccia (Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Economia Española e Internacional); Juliette Milgram Baleix |
| Abstract: | We test the influence of environmental regulation (ER) on the location decision of cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As) for a large sample of countries, sectors, and years using a structural gravity model. Our results confirm the pollution haven hypothesis in highly polluting sectors, according to which more stringent ER makes countries less attractive to foreign investors planning to invest through M&As compared with domestic investors. Policies that set quantitative limits on emissions discourage investments in dirty sectors, while taxes on emissions only have a negative impact on clean sectors. The impact of ER differs depending on the type of investors and investees, reflecting the fact that investments in developed countries and BRICS respond to different motivations. In emerging countries, lax ER could attract significantly more inward M&As. In developed countries, ER has a less discouraging effect. |
| Keywords: | Environmental stringency, pollution havens, M&As, structural gravity, polluting sectors. |
| Date: | 2023–06–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gra:wpaper:23/04&r=env |
| By: | Zholdayakova, Saule (Asian Development Bank Institute); Abuov, Yerdaulet (Asian Development Bank Institute); Zhakupov, Dualet (Asian Development Bank Institute); Suleimenova, Botakoz (Asian Development Bank Institute); Kim, Alisa (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | Hydrogen technologies are one of the central topics in the energy transition. Different nations have different stances on it. Some governments see hydrogen as a decarbonization tool or part of their energy security strategy, while some others see it as a potential export commodity. While identifying priorities for the future, Kazakhstan should clearly define the role of hydrogen in the country’s long-term energy and decarbonization strategy. We present the first country-scale assessment of hydrogen technologies in Kazakhstan by focusing on policy, technology and economy aspects. A preliminary analysis has shown that Kazakhstan should approach hydrogen mainly as a part of its long-term decarbonization strategy. While coping with the financial risks of launching a hydrogen economy, the country can benefit from the export potential of low-carbon hydrogen in the near term. The export potential of low-carbon hydrogen in Kazakhstan is justified by its proximity to the largest hydrogen markets, huge resource base, and potentially low cost of production (in the case of blue hydrogen). We discuss technology options for hydrogen transportation and storage for Kazakhstan. We also also identify target hydrogen utilization areas in emission sectors regulated by Kazakhstan’s Emissions Trading System. |
| Keywords: | hydrogen roadmap; hydrogen strategy; blue hydrogen; green hydrogen; hydrogen export; metal hydrides |
| JEL: | L52 L71 Q42 |
| Date: | 2022–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:1344&r=env |
| By: | Shrader, Jeffrey G. (Columbia University); Bakkensen, Laura (University of Arizona); Lemoine, Derek (University of Arizona) |
| Abstract: | We provide the first revealed preference estimates of the benefits of routine weather forecasts. The benefits come from how people use advance information to reduce mortality from heat and cold. Theoretically, more accurate forecasts reduce mortality if and only if mortality risk is convex in forecast errors. We test for such convexity using data on the universe of mortality events and weather forecasts for a twelve-year period in the U.S. Results show that erroneously mild forecasts increase mortality whereas erroneously extreme forecasts do not reduce mortality. Making forecasts 50% more accurate would save 2, 200 lives per year. The public would be willing to pay $112 billion to make forecasts 50% more accurate over the remainder of the century, of which $22 billion reflects how forecasts facilitate adaptation to climate change. |
| Keywords: | weather forecasts, information provision, mortality, climate change |
| JEL: | D83 I12 Q51 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16253&r=env |
| By: | Behrer, Arnold P.; Wang, Sherrie |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Production Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:336005&r=env |
| By: | Martin Henseler (ULH - Université Le Havre Normandie - NU - Normandie Université); Hélène Maisonnave (ULH - Université Le Havre Normandie - NU - Normandie Université) |
| Abstract: | In developing countries, climate change impacts women more than men. Women have fewer resilience capacities and less economic opportunity. At the same time, women are essential as economic actors. In this paper, we analyse the economic impacts of climate change on women in South Africa. Here, gender inequality is high and likely to increase because of climate change. At the same time, women who suffer more from climate change impacts are highly important for economic growth. Using a computable general equilibrium model, we analyse how climate change impacts economic growth and women through different economic shocks and channels. By linking a microeconomic simulation to the macroeconomic framework, we analyse the impact of climate change on female-headed households. The results show that the climate shock negatively impacts productivity, labour demand and economic growth. These negative impacts translate to households by increasing prices and decreasing purchasing power. The impacts on poverty are stronger for female-headed households than for maleheaded households. Thus, policies need to address the problem of climate change, widening the gender gaps between men and women, not only under pro-poor and pro-gender objectives but also under pro-growth objectives. |
| Keywords: | climate change economic growth women poverty, climate change, economic growth, women, poverty |
| Date: | 2022–11–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04102955&r=env |
| By: | Cowley, Cortney A.; Rodziewicz, David; Dice, Jacob |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335678&r=env |
| By: | Hays, Alexandra; Baker, Justin S. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335786&r=env |
| By: | Destek, Mehmet Akif; Hossain, Mohammad Razib; Khan, Zeeshan |
| Abstract: | It is well recognized that countries' economic growth processes structurally shift from the agricultural sector to the industrial sector and, accordingly, the service sector. Premature deindustrialization, on the other hand, refers to the situation in which the transition from the industrial sector to the service sector occurs earlier than the transformation of the developing countries in the structural transformation process that these countries underwent in the 20th and 21st centuries. Although the shift from the industrial to the service sectors is typically seen as a positive thing for the environment, it is still unclear how the transformation that took place prior to the industrialization process's maturity period, or the loss of technological advancements obtained from the industrial sector, will affect the environment. Based on this, the purpose of this study is to explore at the environmental impacts of deindustrialization in both industrialized developed countries and developing countries which are accepted as risky countries in terms of premature deindustrialization. In order to do this, the recently developed panel non-linear ARDL approach is used, and the potential asymmetry between the industrialization process and environmental deterioration is thus investigated. The results show that both country groups experience an increase in environmental deterioration as a result of the industrialization process (positive shocks of industrialization). Conversely, the deindustrialization process (negative shocks of industrialization) slows down environmental deterioration in developed nations while speeding it up over time in developing nations. Therefore, the results show that premature deindustrialization has long-term negative effects on environmental quality. |
| Keywords: | Premature Deindustrialization; Structural Transformation; Carbon Emissions, Environmental Degradation; NARDL |
| JEL: | O2 Q5 Q57 |
| Date: | 2023–06–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117737&r=env |
| By: | KOTSEV Alexander (European Commission - JRC); ESCRIU PARADELL Jorge (European Commission - JRC); MINGHINI Marco (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This brief provides an initial reflection of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission on the possible legal interventions that can facilitate the establishment of the common European Green Deal Data Space and modernise environmental data sharing practices in the EU beyond the implementation of the INSPIRE Directive. It is compiled to feed into the debate around the possible future(s) of environmental data sharing that is inclusive and well aligned with the initiatives of the ‘A Europe Fit for the Digital Age’ and ‘A European Green Deal’ 2019-2024 European Commission priorities. |
| Keywords: | European Green Deal, Common European Data Spaces, INSPIRE |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc133958&r=env |
| By: | Li, Haoyang; Wu, Nan; Zhao, Jinhua |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development, International Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335488&r=env |
| By: | Wen, Yuanyuan; Zhang, Wei |
| Keywords: | International Development, Productivity Analysis, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335947&r=env |
| By: | Horan, Rick; Finnoff, David |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Health Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335913&r=env |
| By: | Inés Ferreira Rivaben (Universidad de la República del Uruguay); Virginia Rossi (Universidad de la República del Uruguay); Mercedes Figari (Universidad de la República del Uruguay); Eduardo Chia (UMR Innovation - Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Agroecology represents one of the main alternatives to production models generated by the green revolution, both in Uruguay and other countries. It appears as a response to climate change, biodiversity management, nature resource restoration, and, more recently, as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. In Uruguay, agroecology is marginal despite the existence of a law for a National Plan to Encourage Production with Agroecological Bases since 2018. Moreover, research on agroecological transition processes is very incipient. This study aims to identify agroecological practices and possible transition paths towards agroecology of family livestock farmers in northern Uruguay. The methodology used focuses the study on technical, social and organizational practices, allowing access to the operation scheme and understanding the decision-making processes in family-type production systems. The socio-productive practices revealed in the research allowed the elaboration of a typology that represents possible ways for these livestock farmers to move towards agroecological production and management of their farms. The results of this study can be used to strengthen processes of conception or co-conception by selecting and disseminating innovation with actions and public policies closer to farmers. |
| Keywords: | agroecological transition, biodiversity management, family farming, global methods, socio-productive practice |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04120499&r=env |
| By: | Lu, Yifan; Yamazaki, Satoshi |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335483&r=env |
| By: | Steinbach, Sandro; Zhuang, Xiting |
| Keywords: | International Development, International Relations/Trade, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335476&r=env |
| By: | Karen Clay; Joshua A. Lewis; Edson R. Severnini |
| Abstract: | Historically coal has offered both benefits and costs to urban areas. Benefits include coal’s role in fueling industry and thus employment. The primary costs are air pollution and its impact on human health. This paper starts by using a Rosen-Roback style model to examine how differences in local coal availability affect equilibrium city employment. Drawing on the model, the paper surveys papers that examine the net effects of coal on the growth in city population and air pollution on health. The paper then turns to papers that explicitly consider the trade-offs between production benefits and pollution disamenities across space and over time. The paper ends with a discussion of opportunities for future work on coal and cities in historical settings. |
| JEL: | N52 N72 O13 Q53 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31365&r=env |
| By: | Armin Falk (University of Bonn, briq Institute); Mark Fallak (Institute of Labor Economics); Lasse Stötzer (briq Institute) |
| Abstract: | In a representative survey of around 2, 000 people in Germany, almost two-thirds thought the German govern-ment was doing too little to combat climate change. This dissatisfaction is also widespread among voters of the governing parties. About 89 percent of respondents believe that the government should step up support for solar and wind energy. Almost 74 percent support a much faster expansion of wind turbines, even if this would mean short-er approval procedures and lower distances to dwellings. Strict emission limits for gas and coal-fired power plants, and an increase in the CO2 tax received less support among respondents, at around 60 percent each. More than 80 percent are in favor of discontinuing domestic flights on the condition that the rail network is expanded. Two-thirds support a speed limit of 130 km/h on freeways. Both proposals would command a majority across all electorates – with the exception of the speed limit, which is rejected by more than half of AfD voters. Most incentives to change consumer behavior are also supported by a vast majority. These include stan-dardized labeling of CO2 emissions for food and consumer goods and higher subsidies for climate-friendly behavior. By contrast, only 48 percent would approve of making climate-damaging meat and dairy products more expensive. Two-thirds would support a climate solidarity tax to help lower-income households finance additional spending on climate protection. The high willingness to accept costs or restrictions is in line with people being strongly concerned about the consequences of climate change. A large majority of 78 percent said they were concerned - one-third are even “very concerned”. Almost 84 percent of Germans believe in an obligation to protect the environment for future generations. 56 percent go even further and call on the German government to give greater weight to the needs of young people and future generations than to the needs of older people when making climate-re-lated policy decisions. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajk:ajkpbs:038_en&r=env |
| By: | Sarkar, Sampriti; Lupi, Frank |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335903&r=env |
| By: | Sears, Molly; Sears, James M. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335577&r=env |
| By: | Zhao, Xin; Yang, Anton C. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335756&r=env |
| By: | Pierre-Alain Jayet (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Athanasios Petsakos; Raja Chakir (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Anna Lungarska; Stéphane De Cara (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Elvire Petel; Pierre Humblot; Caroline Godard; David Leclère; Pierre Cantelaube; Cyril Bourgeois; Mélissa Clodic; Laure Bamière (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Nosra Ben Fradj; Parisa Aghajanzadeh-Darzi; Gaspard Dumollard; Ancuta Isbasoiu; Juliette Adrian; Gregory Pilchak; Myriam Bounaffaa; Delphine Barberis; Coline Assaiante; Maxime Ollier; Loïc Henry; Alessandro Florio; Ines Chiadmi; Eva Gossiaux; Erica Ramirez; Maxence Gérard; Julie Reineix; Olga Zuravel; Lisa Baldi; Mingzhu Weng |
| Abstract: | This publication presents the European agro-economic AROPAj model. Throughout recent years the model has been adapted to suit FADN data and the expansion of the European Union (EU ). The revised model, which is presented here, is based on the same principles, modularity, and generic conceptions of the previous renditions. The strength of the model lies in the evolution of computing capacities and facilities, especially when new scientific problems arise. The starting premise of the model resulted from the combination of different factors, namely new policy tools announced to be implemented by the changing Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), the need to account for a wide diversity of farming systems, and the changing geographical area following the EU enlargement. In complement of econometric approaches relying on past information, the model introduces new mathematical programming (MP) approaches using the most relevant data. The Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN ) is considered as a permanent, robust and representative source of information, useful for MP models delineated at the farm level. The information in the FADN database consists of surveys of individual farm samples. The database provides individual information mainly accounting of accountancy and financial or economic variables. The AROPAj model is also capable of using data on physical variables such as livestock, production, and land. Nevertheless, a lot of AROPAj parameters are not directly sourced by raw FADN data. For example, the model makes use of other data sources, including expert reports and books, such as livestock feeding. Other sources utilized by some AROPAj modules are inter alia data concerning land use and land cover (Land Use/Cover Area frame Statistical Survey (LUCAS), CORINE Land Cover (CLC)), the European Soil Database provided by the European Joint Research Centre (JRC), the Digital Elevation Model (DEM ), and the Climate information provided by the European MARS JRC Unit. These variables are grouped by means of a clustering method to form a group of similar farms that present similar characteristics and thus can form a unit of modeling for the AROPAj model: the farm type (also denominated by farm group). The overall model is based on farm-groups, designed on a regional scale, for all of the EU. In large part, the AROPAj model originates from modeling tools aiming at CAP impact assessments. Mathematical programming models are effective in this way, especially when the implementation of new policy tools in economic models has to rely on non-time dependent data, unlike time-inferred econometric models. Due to the wide and complex diversity of CAP tools renewed throughout decades, the CAP block size quickly increased. The generic modeling approach embraces the wide variety of European farming systems which are subsumed by the continually-growing EU. It involves a multi-scale analysis from the farm type level to the EU level, accounting for realistic discontinuities at the farm level. The model is also designed to assess global change impacts and analyze policy while accounting for the complexity of interactions between agriculture and the environment. In this regard, it is a tool used for the analysis of a large range of economic and environmental domains, such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and abatement, nitrogen sourced pollutions, biomass provision from perennial crops, ozone impacts and adaptation to climate change. Other collateral outputs may exist when providing farm-based estimates and data related to physical parameters. The interest of linking the AROPAj economic model with biophysical models relies on the possibility of accounting for environmental (physical impacts such as soil and climate) and technical variable impacts on the production functions, as well as on the agricultural system output relevant to environmental concerns. The general goal is to bring to light the relationship between crop production inputs (e.g. fertilizer applications) and crop production outputs (e.g. yields). The potential relation between the economic and biophysical models is to be found in the management practices of the farmer, such as irrigation, application of pesticides, and fertilizer. Some refinements are required when the farm group's optimal solution is made of non-marketed crop output (or of non-marketed nitrogen input). In other words, this occurs when, at the optimum, the crop production is entirely re-used on-farm (e.g. for livestock feeding), or when no N -input comes from the market (e.g. manure sourced). In this case, market prices have to be replaced by relevant shadow prices, which are part of the optimal solution. In practice, the problem is solved by iterated AROPAj runs with shadow prices replacing the prices used at the previous iteration for the yield function derivative. This process of convergence is fast in most AROPAj LP's, except for a few cases where solutions have periodic forms over iterations, with slight amplitudes. The model is running using the GNU software and applications, except for the marketed optimization solving tool (GAMS). Year after year, the choice has been made to promote the use of GNU software for AROPAj improvement, not only regarding the financial cost, but mainly to facilitate the maintenance and the evolution of our programs and applications. The model also produces some interesting spatially disaggregated outputs in line with multi-scale environmental problems. The computing and algorithm facilities embedded in the modeling process allow new improvements and new model exploitation exercises. The European agro-economic AROPAj model is built of a set of linear programming models, aiming at a good representation of European farming systems in term of geography and farm type diversity as well. As a result, the model aims at being a tool and a reference, which benefits a significant numbers of PhDs and MSc students, and contributes to many published peer-reviewed papers (to which this document refers). |
| Keywords: | Mathematical programming model, Bio-economic farm model, European Union |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04109872&r=env |
| By: | Hadunka, Protensia; Baylis, Kathy |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335727&r=env |
| By: | Johnson, Trevor D.; McCallister, Donna |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335722&r=env |
| By: | Demetrio Guzzardi; Elisa Palagi; Tommaso Faccio; Andrea Roventini |
| Abstract: | The European Union needs to raise significant resources to finance a just green transition. At the same time, there is a widespread fiscal regressivity in many EU countries. Indeed, recent empirical evidence shows that the tax systems of many EU members are characterized by low degrees of progressivity, with high-income groups paying lower effective tax rates vis-a-vis middle- and low-income classes. In order to jointly tackle such issues, we propose an ensemble of tax policies at the EU level grounded on the recent proposals advanced in the literature. This fiscal reform includes a wealth tax targeting the top 1% of wealth holders, a tax on unrealized capital gains, and an increase of the minimum corporate tax. Our first estimates suggest that these measures can generate substantial yearly revenues in the order of 1.9%-2.9% of EU GDP. Such resources can contribute to the funding of the additional climate mitigation and adaptation policies required to tackle the climate emergency, while reducing inequality, thus contributing to put EU economies on sustainable and inclusive growth pathways. |
| Keywords: | Taxation; Inequality; Wealth tax; Capital gains tax; Corporate tax; Climate change. |
| Date: | 2023–07–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2023/28&r=env |
| By: | Jhorland Ayala-García; Keisy Ospino-Ramos |
| Abstract: | El cambio climático está ocasionando cada vez más eventos extremos con consecuencias negativas para la población. Este documento presenta un análisis descriptivo de los desastres naturales en Colombia, haciendo énfasis en las diferencias regionales tanto en la frecuencia de ocurrencia de desastres como en los costos directos de los mismos. Con datos de la Unidad Nacional de Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres, se evidencia una tendencia creciente en la frecuencia y las afectaciones de los desastres naturales en el país, con una mayor influencia en departamentos de la región Andina, donde Antioquia se caracteriza por ser el ente territorial con el mayor número de pérdidas humanas, heridos y desaparecidos desde 1998. Se evidencia una baja participación del gasto en prevención de desastres sobre el gasto público en inversión de municipios y departamentos, y no se observa una mayor inversión en gestión del riesgo de desastres en los departamentos más afectados, lo cual puede contribuir a que a futuro se presenten mayores afectaciones por desastres naturales en el país. **** ABSTRACT: Climate change is causing more and more extreme events with negative consequences for the population. This document presents a descriptive analysis of natural disasters in Colombia, emphasizing regional differences both in the frequency of occurrence of disasters and in their direct costs. With data from the Unidad Nacional de Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres, an increasing trend is evident both in the frequency and in the effects of natural disasters in the country, with a greater influence in departments of the Andean region, where Antioquia is characterized by to be the territorial entity with the highest number of deaths, injuries, and disappearances since 1998. There is evidence of a low participation of spending on disaster prevention over public spending on investment, which may contribute to greater affectations due to natural disasters in the future in the country. |
| Keywords: | desastres naturales, diferencias regionales, Antioquia, atención y prevención de desastres, natural disasters, regional differences, Antioquia, preemptive investments and post-disaster expending |
| JEL: | Q50 Q54 R10 R11 |
| Date: | 2023–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdr:region:317&r=env |
| By: | Kovacs, Kent; Tran, Dat Q. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Production Economics, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335432&r=env |
| By: | Jeffrey G. Shrader; Laura Bakkensen; Derek Lemoine |
| Abstract: | We provide the first revealed preference estimates of the benefits of routine weather forecasts. The benefits come from how people use advance information to reduce mortality from heat and cold. Theoretically, more accurate forecasts reduce mortality if and only if mortality risk is convex in forecast errors. We test for such convexity using data on the universe of mortality events and weather forecasts for a twelve-year period in the U.S. Results show that erroneously mild forecasts increase mortality whereas erroneously extreme forecasts do not reduce mortality. Making forecasts 50% more accurate would save 2, 200 lives per year. The public would be willing to pay $112 billion to make forecasts 50% more accurate over the remainder of the century, of which $22 billion reflects how forecasts facilitate adaptation to climate change. |
| JEL: | D83 I12 Q51 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31361&r=env |
| By: | Marco Catola; Silvia Leoni |
| Abstract: | The application of Agent-Based Modelling to Game Theory allows us to benefit from the strengths of both approaches, and to enrich the study of games when solutions are difficult to elicit analytically. Using an agent-based approach to sequential games, however, poses some issues that result in a few applications of this type. We contribute to this aspect by applying the agent-based approach to a lobbying game involving environmental regulation and firms’ choice of abatement. We simulate this game and test the robustness of its game-theoretical prediction against the results obtained. We find that while theoretical predictions are generally consistent with the simulated results, this novel approach highlights a few differences. First, the market converges to a green state for a larger number of cases with respect to theoretical predictions. Second, simulations show that it is possible for this market to converge to a polluting state in the very long run. This result is not envisaged by theoretical predictions. Sensitivity experiments on the main model parameters confirm the robustness of our findings. |
| Keywords: | Agent-Based-Modelling, Environmental Regulation, Industrial Organisation, Lobbying |
| JEL: | C63 D72 L13 L51 |
| Date: | 2023–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pie:dsedps:2023/294&r=env |
| By: | Collison, Kealey N.; Grogan, Kelly A. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335805&r=env |
| By: | Czyżewski, Bazyli; Kryszak, Łukasz |
| Abstract: | Small farms constitute the vast majority of agricultural holdings in the world. Therefore, there are the questions of how the small farm sector should evolve and whether economic and environmental goals can be pursued simultaneously. The main objective of this article is to identify potential improvements (a non-radial inefficiency slack) in small farms in Central and Eastern Europe with different types of farming under an environmentally adjusted production function. Based on this, potential development pathways for small farms are assumed. A hybrid data envelopment analysis meta-frontier super-efficiency model with environmental proxies reflecting biodiversity (i.e. crops diversity, grassland, orchards, vineyards) and undesirable outputs (such as soil organic matter loss and GHG sources) and an uncontrollable policy input is used on a country-representative sample of 2320 small farms in four countries: Poland, Romania, Serbia, and Moldova. We found that the more technically efficient small farms are also usually more sustainable when socially desirable criteria were considered. Crops small farms can evolve in two directions: “landscape guardians” and “artisanal (traditional) framers.” Livestock farms could either maintain the status quo or choose an exit pathway. Mixed farms are likely to become landscape guardians, while a sustainable intensification path is open for 20% of farms that specialize in permanent crops. |
| Keywords: | Development of agriculture; Public goods; Eco-efficiency; Small farms; Sustainable agriculture; Agricultural policy |
| JEL: | C67 Q15 |
| Date: | 2023–03–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117642&r=env |
| By: | Armin Falk (University of Bonn, briq Institute); Mark Fallak (Institute of Labor Economics); Lasse Stötzer (briq Institute) |
| Abstract: | According to a representative survey of over 2, 000 German adults, a vast majority believes in climate change. Only 6 percent deny that climate change exists. There is less agreement when it comes to the causes of climate change: About three-fourths of Germans agree with the scientific consensus that climate change is mainly due to human activities. Just under 22 percent of respondents are “climate change skeptical” in the sense that they believe that climate change either does not occur at all or is primarily a natural phenomenon. Ignorance about the state of research and a lack of trust in science contribute to the relatively low public consensus. Only 61 percent of respondents consider human-made climate change to be a scientific consensus. Those who hold climate skeptical views are also more likely to believe that there are many different scientific opinions about climate change. In addition, 12 percent of respondents said that they trust scientists “not at all” or “not much” and 34 percent have only a moderate level of trust. Trust in science tends to be greater among male respondents, as well as among more educated people and those who score higher on altruism and patience. Only 14 percent of AfD voters and just slightly more than half of the FDP and CDU/CSU voters say they trust climate research. Around 83 percent of respondents believe that Germany should do anything in its power to combat climate change now. Common excuses, such as waiting for an international solution or progress in climate protection technology, are rejected by a large majority of Germans. Also, 87 percent believe that each individual can do something about climate change. Only 57 percent consider that it is feasible to combat climate change without social hardship. Strikingly, sup-porters of parties that are less in favor of redistribution are more pessimistic about the issue of social justice. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajk:ajkpbs:037_en&r=env |
| By: | Osman, Eliyasu Y.; Bergtold, Jason S. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335830&r=env |
| By: | Melstrom, Richard; Reeling, Carson |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335687&r=env |
| By: | Yang, Feng-An; Chen, Chen-Ti |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Health Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335696&r=env |
| By: | Woo, Sunghwi; Thompson, Wyatt |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335652&r=env |
| By: | Pourtaherian, Bahman; Li, Tongzhe |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335661&r=env |
| By: | Carlo Drago (University of Niccolò Cusano); Fabio Fortuna (University of Niccolò Cusano) |
| Abstract: | Sustainability is a business strategy combining economic, social, and environmental issues. This paper examines the corporate governance and sustainability literature. So we consider a new bibliometric database focusing on the network of keywords appearing in the literature. The quantitative approach is also new: we combine the information from different community detection algorithms to find the most important results and relationships in the literature. The final results show that the literature on corporate governance and sustainability raises an essential strategic question: for long-term sustainability if there needs to be a strong link between stakeholders and corporate social responsibility (CSR). So, considering a company’s actions’ social, economic, and environmental effects can help figure out how much corporate responsibility is needed. Also, companies that consider CSR and sustainability in their businesses find it easier to keep long-term relationships with customers, employees, and other stakeholders, which can be considered vital. Last, a strategic view of corporate governance should emphasize the importance of intellectual capital and the Triple-Bottom-Line approach to sustainable growth in a strategic view of corporate governance. In this sense, a more wholesome view of value creation aims to provide companies with better financial results while also serving society’s environment and social well-being. By addressing these issues, governments and other groups can make the business world more sustainable and responsible. |
| Keywords: | Corporate Governance, Sustainability, Bibliometric Analysis, Community Detection, Ensamble Community Detection |
| JEL: | L21 G34 Q56 C19 C38 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2023.12&r=env |
| By: | Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | In this article, I estimate the value of “Individual Using Internet”-IUI in the context of Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG database of the World Bank. I use data from 193 countries for the period 2011-2020. I found that among others the value of IUI is positively associated to “Methane Emissions” and “People Using Safely Managed Sanitation Services” and negatively associated among others to “Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption” and “Renewable Energy Consumption”. I apply the k-Means algorithm for the clusterization optimized with the Elbow Method and we find the presence of three clusters. Finally, I confront eight machine-learning algorithms to predict the future value of IUI. I found that the best predictive algorithm is Linear Regression and that the value of IUI is expected to decrease on average of 0.30% for the analysed countries. |
| Date: | 2023–06–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:8f5q9&r=env |
| By: | Paul-Antoine Naegel (CFV - Centre François Viète : épistémologie, histoire des sciences et des techniques - UR1161 - UBO - Université de Brest - Nantes univ - UFR ST - Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques - Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Nantes Univ - UFR LL - Nantes Université - UFR Lettres et Langages - Nantes Université - pôle Humanités - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université) |
| Date: | 2023–05–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-04110749&r=env |
| By: | Yuwandono, Rr Jihan Faadhilah; Maisyaroh, Siti; Ridayati, Salija; Pandin, Maria Yovita R |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to determine the level of understanding and concern of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in the gate Garment ethical paper relating to the application of green accounting in its business. Green Accounting is the development of accounting information, which has its own role through voluntary reporting in the company's financial statements related to environmental costs. Observation, interview and documentation techniques were used to collect research data. Data analysis in this qualitative descriptive research using Miles and Huberman data analysis model in (Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D., 2017) specifically reduces data, presents data, then makes conclusions. The results of this study indicate that two out of three Micro, small and medium Garment business actors in Gerbang Kertasusila understand and understand about good care in maintaining the work environment as a form of green accounting. Although for details about the expenditure of business costs garment and the environment they have not telesuri in detail but they realize that the environmental cost is a responsibility that is loaded on the financial statements of their businesses that do not include details, but they recognize that the environmental cost is the responsibility of reporting on their business finance research. |
| Date: | 2023–06–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ztq9p&r=env |
| By: | Cook, Joseph; Deol, Suhina |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335959&r=env |
| By: | Jean Galbert, ONGONO OLINGA |
| Abstract: | This paper focuses on the relationship between agricultural productivity and climate change in sub-Saharan Africa. The main objective is to justify the observed upward trend in agricultural productivity as the temperature is increasing and rainfalls are decreasing. We argue that the relationship between agricultural productivity, temperature, and precipitation is non-linear. Specifically, there are thresholds from which the effect of temperature on agricultural productivity is exceeded by the effect of precipitation. We hypothesize that even if precipitation is decreasing, its level over a year is still sufficient for its positive effect on agricultural productivity to outweigh the negative effect of rising temperatures. Using data from the FAO database on seven different groups of crops, we estimate a Panel Smooth Transition regression model and results show that there is a non-linear relationship between agricultural productivity, temperature, and precipitation. On average, the effect of temperature on agricultural productivity is exceeded by the effect of precipitation observed over a year. We recommend that countries in Sub-Saharan Africa invest in agricultural research to find irrigation techniques that will mitigate the future effects of scarcity of rainwater owed to extremely hot temperatures. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, agriculture, PSTR |
| JEL: | C50 N57 O13 |
| Date: | 2023–04–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:117669&r=env |
| By: | Alain de Janvry (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International, UC Berkeley - University of California [Berkeley] - UC - University of California); Élisabeth Sadoulet (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International, UC Berkeley - University of California [Berkeley] - UC - University of California) |
| Abstract: | Poor rural households in vulnerable sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries have suffered - and will increasingly suffer - losses and damages due to climate change. These losses and damages put at risk the international commitment to meeting the Sustainable Development Goals. The international community is currently discussing a large scale increase in the financing of development assistance to meet this challenge. This note advances a set of propositions to guide international aid in addressing losses and damages due to climate change. The basic principle is that rather than focusing on targeted transfers to compensate for losses and damages - that will only increase over time and become prohibitively expensive -, the international community and SSA governments should seek to create income opportunities for affected rural households through a renewal of the role of agriculture for development, where under-investment relative to potential remains massive. |
| Date: | 2023–05–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04123941&r=env |
| By: | Hannah Hennighausen (Department of Economics, University of Alaska Anchorage); Alexander James (Department of Economics, University of Alaska Anchorage) |
| Abstract: | Millions of people are displaced by natural disasters each year, yet little is known about how evacuees affect host communities. We analyze the migratory effects of the most destructive fire in California history, the 2018 Camp Fire, which destroyed over 18, 000 structures and displaced roughly 50, 000 people. By merging geospatial information on the fire's footprint with Zillow's housing transaction data, we estimate both the spatial and temporal effects of the fire on real estate prices at a granular level. A number of important insights emerge. First, within the fire's footprint, home prices increased by 35 percent in the six-week aftermath of the fire. Effects decay with distance and are statistically insignificant beyond 50 miles. Second, effects are detected within two weeks of the fire, fully materialized within six weeks, and are persistent up to ten months (which exhausts our period of consideration). Third, these effects are specific to low-fire-risk properties. Results are robust to a variety of specifications and modeling assumptions and are corroborated by the observed pattern of displacement. |
| Keywords: | Catastrophic Fires, Housing Prices, Hedonic Model, Demand Shocks, Climate Change |
| JEL: | Q54 Q56 R3 R21 R23 |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ala:wpaper:2023-01&r=env |
| By: | Svetlozar Rachev; Nancy Asare Nyarko; Blessing Omotade; Peter Yegon |
| Abstract: | Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) finance is a cornerstone of modern finance and investment, as it changes the classical return-risk view of investment by incorporating an additional dimension of investment performance: the ESG score of the investment. We define the ESG price process and integrate it into an extension of Bachelier's market model in both discrete and continuous time, enabling option pricing valuation. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2306.04158&r=env |
| By: | Uchida, Emi; Hasan, Md Tahsin |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335613&r=env |
| By: | Drago, Carlo; Fortuna, Fabio |
| Abstract: | Sustainability is a business strategy combining economic, social, and environmental issues. This paper examines the corporate governance and sustainability literature. So we consider a new bibliometric database focusing on the network of keywords appearing in the literature. The quantitative approach is also new: we combine the information from different community detection algorithms to find the most important results and relationships in the literature. The final results show that the literature on corporate governance and sustainability raises an essential strategic question: for long-term sustainability if there needs to be a strong link between stakeholders and corporate social responsibility (CSR). So, considering a company’s actions’ social, economic, and environmental effects can help figure out how much corporate responsibility is needed. Also, companies that consider CSR and sustainability in their businesses find it easier to keep long-term relationships with customers, employees, and other stakeholders, which can be considered vital. Last, a strategic view of corporate governance should emphasize the importance of intellectual capital and the Triple-Bottom-Line approach to sustainable growth in a strategic view of corporate governance. In this sense, a more wholesome view of value creation aims to provide companies with better financial results while also serving society’s environment and social well-being. By addressing these issues, governments and other groups can make the business world more sustainable and responsible. |
| Keywords: | Financial Economics, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023–06–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:336985&r=env |
| By: | Zahra Hosseini (ULaval - Université Laval [Québec]); Bertrand Laratte (I2M - Institut de Mécanique et d'Ingénierie - UB - Université de Bordeaux - Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université); Pierre Blanchet (ULaval - Université Laval [Québec]) |
| Abstract: | Among various industries, the construction sector has one of the greatest impacts on the environment. Minimizing the resource use and the waste outputs in this sector could be fulfilled by applying circular economy (CE) strategies. Although research on CE in the construction sector has increased in recent years, there have not been remarkable adjustments by applying these strategies to the construction industry. The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of using CE strategies in the construction sector. A framework was adapted to guide the application of different CE strategies at the end-of-life of buildings. The framework was assessed by a case study of a residential building in mass timber. This study evaluated the application of CE strategies from the environmental aspect with the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The results confirmed that circular strategies can deliver lower environmental impacts. |
| Keywords: | Circular economy, Construction sector, Framework, End-of-life, Strategies, Life cycle assessment |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04124246&r=env |
| By: | Armin Falk (University of Bonn, briq Institute); Mark Fallak (Institute of Labor Economics); Lasse Stötzer (briq Institute) |
| Abstract: | Of the 2, 002 respondents, 71 percent stated that they take personal action against climate change. The re-spondents‘ perceptions about peoples‘ behavior differed: The share of the German population committed to climate protection was estimated at an average of 59 percent. The actual willingness to act against climate change is therefore significantly underestimated (by nearly 70 percent of respondents). When asked if people in Germany should take action against climate change, 85 percent of respondents agreed. However, four out of five respondents underestimate the percentage of people who share their view – the average estimate was 67 percent. The phenomenon that both the willingness of others to act against climate change and the prevailing social norms are systematically underestimated is a form of pluralistic ignorance. The problematic conse-quences of such a misperception can be seen in its negative influence on donations to a climate protection organization in our survey. Many people are conditionally cooperative, i.e., they make their own behavior dependent on the behavior of others. Correcting the misperceptions of others’ cooperation could therefore improve individual willingness to act against climate change. This idea has been tested by briq researchers in a survey experiment in the United States. Correcting the ex-isting misperceptions causally raised the individual willingness to act against climate change and the support for climate policies. The strongest effects are found among individuals who are skeptical about the existence and threat of global warming. |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajk:ajkpbs:036_en&r=env |
| By: | Mitra, Sanjukta; Agarwal, Sandip K. |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335898&r=env |
| By: | Pierre Chollet (UM - Université de Montpellier, Labex Entreprendre - UM - Université de Montpellier); Louis-Antoine Saïsset (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | L'objectif de cet article est d'étudier la réponse des banques coopératives aux Objectifs de Développement Durable (ONU, 2015), ses déterminants et ses implications en matière de management. Il s'agit de savoir si la prise en compte de ces objectifs est différente selon les banques coopératives et leur pays d'origine, et si elle correspond à une continuité en matière de gouvernance et de responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise, notamment par rapport au modèle coopératif, ou à un changement plus profond. L'étude comparative de cas du Crédit Agricole (France) et de Norinchukin Bank (Japon), coopératives bancaires leaders dans le financement de l'agriculture de leur pays d'origine, permet d'analyser cette problématique. Les résultats montrent que le contexte institutionnel, la structure actionnariale, le mode de gouvernance et la place de la responsabilité sociale de l'entreprise sont à l'origine de similitudes et de différences dans l'intégration des objectifs de durabilité et ses implications managériales, sources de différenciation pour les banques coopératives. Une gouvernance plus décentralisée et partenariale semble en faveur d'une prise en compte plus large des Objectifs de Développement Durable. |
| Keywords: | Objectifs de Développement Durable, durabilité, banque coopérative, gouvernance, information extra-financière, RSE - Responsabilité sociale des entreprises |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04109885&r=env |
| By: | Lucas W. Davis; Catherine Hausman; Nancy L. Rose |
| Abstract: | Encouraged by the declining cost of grid-scale renewables, recent analyses conclude that the United States could reach net zero carbon dioxide emissions by 2050 at relatively low cost using currently available technologies. While the cost of renewable generation has declined dramatically, integrating these renewables would require a large expansion in transmission to deliver that power. Already there is growing evidence that the United States has insufficient transmission capacity, and current levels of annual investment are well below what would be required for a renewables-dominated system. We describe a variety of challenges that make it difficult to build new transmission and potential policy responses to mitigate them, as well as possible substitutes for some new transmission capacity. |
| JEL: | L51 L94 Q41 Q48 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31377&r=env |
| By: | Simon Montfort |
| Abstract: | Public support and political mobilization are two crucial factors for the adoption of ambitious climate policies in line with the international greenhouse gas reduction targets of the Paris Agreement. Despite their compound importance, they are mainly studied separately. Using a random forest machine-learning model, this article investigates the relative predictive power of key established explanations for public support and mobilization for climate policies. Predictive models may shape future research priorities and contribute to theoretical advancement by showing which predictors are the most and least important. The analysis is based on a pre-election conjoint survey experiment on the Swiss CO2 Act in 2021. Results indicate that beliefs (such as the perceived effectiveness of policies) and policy design preferences (such as for subsidies or tax-related policies) are the most important predictors while other established explanations, such as socio-demographics, issue salience (the relative importance of issues) or political variables (such as the party affiliation) have relatively weak predictive power. Thus, beliefs are an essential factor to consider in addition to explanations that emphasize issue salience and preferences driven by voters' cost-benefit considerations. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2306.10144&r=env |
| By: | Angelo Leogrande (LUM University Giuseppe Degennaro); Alberto Costantiello (LUM University Giuseppe Degennaro) |
| Abstract: | In this article we analyze the impact of Labor Force Partecipation Rate-LFPR in the context of the Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG model at world level. We use data from the ESG dataset of the World Bank for the period 2011-2020. We use Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Pooled OLS, Dynamic Panel. We find that the level of LFPR is positively associated among others to "Ratio of Female to Male Labor Force Participation Rate" and "Life Expectancy at Birth", and negatively associated among others, to "Unemployment" and "Agricultural Land". Furthermore, we have applied a clusterization with the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette coefficient, and we found the presence of three clusters. Finally, we confront eight different machine learning algorithms to predict the value of LFPR. We find that the best predictor is the Linear Regression. Linear Regression predicts an increase in LFPR equal to 0.42% on average for the analyzed countries. |
| Keywords: | Analysis of Collective Decision-Making General Political Processes: Rent-Seeking Lobbying Elections Legislatures and Voting Behaviour Bureaucracy Administrative Processes in Public Organizations Corruption Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation Implementation JEL Classification: D7 D70 D72 D73 D78, Analysis of Collective Decision-Making, General, Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behaviour, Bureaucracy, Administrative Processes in Public Organizations, Corruption, Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation, Implementation JEL Classification: D7, D70, D72, D73, D78 |
| Date: | 2023–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04114330&r=env |
| By: | Huan, Meili; Dong, Fengxia |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, International Development, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335656&r=env |
| By: | Amrita Goldar (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Diya Dasgupta (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)) |
| Abstract: | Ever since its inception, the G20 Energy Transitions Working Group (ETWG) has covered a wide range of priority areas broadly spanning across clean energy, energy access and energy security. Specifically, with respect to clean energy technologies, while there exist some legacy topics such as energy efficiency, renewable energy, nuclear energy, phasing out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies etc. that are included year after year, every successive presidency has attempted to introduce new elements. This policy brief aims to chart out the future course of action Beyond the Stocktake, highlighting aspects that can be carried forward by the presidencies that follow India. It delves into the progress made at the G20 with respect to select clean technologies with the idea of gauging how much has been covered and what remains to be done for accelerating energy transitions. In particular, the paper tables a few promising ideas for guiding the engagement structure of G20 ETWG negotiations and attempts to build a case for adopting strategies tailor made for technologies in different stages of development. |
| Keywords: | Clean energy, Energy transition, G20 |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:ppaper:14&r=env |
| By: | Samuel Rufat (CY - CY Cergy Paris Université, IUF - Institut Universitaire de France - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche); Karsten Uhing (Fraunhofer IML - Fraunhofer Institute for Material Flow and Logistics - Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft - Fraunhofer); Maike Vollmer (Fraunhofer INT - Fraunhofer Institute for Technological Trend Analysis - Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft - Fraunhofer); Alexander Fekete (THK - Institute of Rescue Engineering and Civil Protection, University of Applied Sciences Cologne); Giacomo Bianchi (EOS - European Organisation for Security); Christian Kuhlicke (UFZ - Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research) |
| Abstract: | The Third ECRP conference in June 2022 in Berlin, Germany, has gathered again our two communities, the Risk Perception and Behaviour Survey of Surveyors (Risk-SoS) and the H2020-DRS-01 Cluster on risk perception and adaptive behaviour (a grouping of several Horizon Europe – Disaster Resilient Societies projects, most notably RESILOC, BUILDERS, CORE, ENGAGE, LINKS, RiskPACC). One of the key challenges for risk, vulnerability and resilience research is how to address the role of risk perceptions and how perceptions influence behaviour. It remains unclear why people fail to act adaptively to reduce future losses, even when there is ever-richer information available on natural and human-made hazards (flood, drought, etc.). The current fragmentation of the field makes it an uphill battle to cross-validate the results of existing independent case studies. This, in turn, hinders comparability and transferability across scales and contexts and hampers recommendations for policy and risk management. The ECRP conference cycle aims to contribute to improve the ability of researchers in the field to work together and build cumulative knowledge. |
| Keywords: | mitigation, disaster, response, Disaster management, Hazard, risk, risk perception, behaviour, adaptation |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04117500&r=env |
| By: | Horne, Ralph; Dorignon, Louise; Lawson, Julie; Easthope, Hazel; Dühr, Stefanie; Moore, Trivess; Baker, Emma; Dalton, Tony; Pawson, Hal; Fairbrother, Peter |
| Abstract: | This final Inquiry report informs a strategy to facilitate circular economy housing: from construction, through operation to demolition. It draws on four coordinated research projects. The gravity and urgency of the climate emergency and the housing affordability crisis together warrant a significant, coordinated national effort to recalibrate the housing industry and ensure its sustainable future. A comprehensive CE strategy will: - lift sustainability as a priority - shift market processes - tilt incentives to attract the appropriate investment - build capacities towards circular and sustainable outcomes. An effective CE strategy must include a politically astute vision; robust legal footing; industry-relevant application; and be capable enforcement. Specialist in-depth investigation of Australian institutional settings, market processes and stakeholder capacities are now required to reflect and propose suitable instruments adapted to local conditions. The research makes five high-level recommendations to inform a CE housing strategy, including providing a picture of what needs to change and four recommendations showing how change might occur. Effective change requires measures that actively shift perceptions of value and priority-framing in decision-making to those that favour CE housing outcomes. Housing industry organisations cannot meet this challenge without purposeful public intervention and stakeholder cooperation. Regulation is essential to shape housing markets to reinforce CE approaches, from the micro level of building materials to construction and ongoing maintenance, to the macro level involving precinct-level spatial planning. Alongside legislative reform, clear targets and performance standards need to be enforced by monitoring, as well as being made accountable using reporting systems that sustain improving practice. These include energy efficiency and zero-waste policies; better regulations on material flows; upscaling technological improvements; and CE conditions in contractual arrangements. |
| Date: | 2023–06–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:trhvs&r=env |
| By: | Amrita Goldar (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Diya Dasgupta (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)) |
| Abstract: | A circular carbon economy (CCE) model aims to manage the carbon in the system as opposed to solely working towards its elimination. This policy brief focuses on the carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) component of such a model in the context of India. It highlights the relevance of this technology and discusses the global status of the same. This paper attempts to understand CCUS policies in some of the leading G20 countries that have been working in this field and draws possible lessons for India. It discusses India’s involvement so far in pursuing this mitigation pathway and also details out the policy framework and programmes adopted in the United Kingdom and China to accelerate the deployment of these technologies. Some of the potential barriers to CCUS have been identified along with possible avenues for G20 engagement and next steps. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS), Circular Carbon Economy (CCE), Mitigation |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:ppaper:11&r=env |
| By: | Lucie Letrouit (AME-SPLOTT - Systèmes Productifs, Logistique, Organisation des Transports et Travail - Université Gustave Eiffel); Martin Koning (AME-SPLOTT - Systèmes Productifs, Logistique, Organisation des Transports et Travail - Université Gustave Eiffel) |
| Abstract: | Building on the exogenous shock linked with the first COVID-19 lockdown in France (March-May 2020), we propose an original approach relying on econometric modelling to estimate the impacts of road freight transport on the concentration of NO2, NOx and PM10 in Paris. We argue that this shock led to a significant change in the composition of road traffic, with an increase in the relative share of freight vehicles with respect to passenger cars, due to the combined exodus of numerous inhabitants, the prohibition of non-mandatory trips and the promotion of home-deliveries. As light-duty vehicles and trucks pollute more than passenger cars, we hypothesize that it led to a rise in the average emissions of pollutants per kilometer traveled in Paris. We confirm this assumption by applying a simple econometric analysis to a rich dataset containing hourly pollutant concentrations and hourly traffic flows recorded in various locations of the French capital city. Relying on the econometric results and on additional back-of-theenvelope computations, we propose tentative estimates of the health impacts of road freight transport. As compared to a counterfactual in which freight traffic in Paris would have declined in the same proportion as cars during the sanitary crisis, hence resulting in a larger decrease in pollutants concentrations, we conclude that around 7 lives have been lost. Crossing this estimate with the official value of statistical life in France, our central scenario approximates at 0.20 euro/km the excess external cost of the local pollution emitted by freight vehicles as compared to cars. |
| Keywords: | Road freight traffic, Air pollution, Covid-19 lockdown, Health, External cost |
| Date: | 2023–05–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04106196&r=env |
| By: | Yu, Jisang; Ijaz, Arusha |
| Keywords: | International Development, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335710&r=env |
| By: | Alain De Janvry (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International, UC Berkeley - University of California [Berkeley] - UC - University of California); Elisabeth Sadoulet (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International, UC Berkeley - University of California [Berkeley] - UC - University of California) |
| Abstract: | Les ménages ruraux pauvres dans les pays vulnérables de l'Afrique au sud du Sahara (SSA) ont souffert - et souffriront de façon croissante - des pertes et dommages dus au changement climatique. Ces pertes et dommages mettent à risque le compromis international de remplir les Objectifs de Développement Durable. La communauté internationale discute en ce moment la possibilité d'un accroissement substantiel des ressources disponibles pour le financement de l'aide au développement pour faire face à ce défi. Cette note avance un ensemble de propositions pour guider l'aide internationale vers la réduction des pertes et dommages dus au changement climatique. Le principe de base est que plutôt que de se servir de transferts ciblés pour compenser pour pertes et dommages - qui ne feront qu'augmenter dans le temps et devenir inabordables -, la communauté internationale et les gouvernements des pays de l'Afrique au Sud du Sahara devraient créer des opportunités de revenu pour les ménages à risque en renforçant le rôle de l'agriculture pour le développement, où le sous-investissement par rapport au potentiel reste massif. |
| Date: | 2023–05–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04123925&r=env |
| By: | Ben McWilliams; Giovanni Sgaravatti; Simone Tagliapietra; Georg Zachmann |
| Abstract: | How can the European Union achieve its target of eliminating all Russian fossil-fuel imports by 2027? |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bre:polbrf:node_9197&r=env |
| By: | Andrea Éltető (Institute of World Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, Eötvös Loránd Research Centre) |
| Abstract: | The significant expansion of Hungarian domestic electric vehicle battery manufacturing capacity by early 2023 has become a major topic of public debate in the country. South Korean battery factories have been operating in Hungary since 2019 with Asian-owned suppliers and further Asian plants have been established since then. This paper presents the various aspects of scaling up battery production, drawing on official documents, press information, studies, statistics, and video and audio material. It shows how the functioning plants operate in Hungary, how industrial safety and environmental regulations are breached, and what the attitude of local authorities and civil groups is. The study evaluates the location factors like availability of workforce, energy and water, pointing out their scarcity. There is also a painful lack of responsible cost-benefit analysis, a credible and flexible government strategy and fact-based information |
| Keywords: | EV batteries, industrial policy, FDI, Hungary |
| JEL: | L62 L98 F23 O14 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwe:workpr:271&r=env |
| By: | Raghuram Rajan; Rodney Ramcharan |
| Abstract: | We study how the availability of credit shapes adaptation to a climatic shock, specifically, the long 1950s US drought. We find that bank lending, net immigration, and population growth decline sharply in drought exposed areas with limited initial access to bank finance. In contrast, agricultural investment and long-run productivity increase more in drought-exposed areas when they have access to bank finance, even allowing some of these areas to leapfrog otherwise similar areas in the subsequent decades. We also find unequal access to finance can drive migration from drought-hit finance-poor communities to finance-rich communities. These results suggest that broadening access to finance can enable communities to adapt to large adverse climatic shocks and reduce emigration. |
| JEL: | G0 J0 Q0 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31356&r=env |
| By: | Pedro H. Albuquerque (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Kiara S Winans (UC Davis - University of California [Davis] - UC - University of California) |
| Abstract: | In a linear economy, manufacturing is less costly and more profitable than remanufacturing because of reduced private costs of utilization and production. However, manufacturing also involves higher resource extraction and waste as externalized costs than remanufacturing. We use a vintage capital framework to assess technological innovations in remanufacturing and their potential benefits to society and human occupations. Our study shows that replacing manufacturing with remanufacturing technologies creates positive static and dynamic circular economy externalities. These externalities can be quantified to assess improvements in social outcomes. A smartphone remanufacturing innovation case study is presented as an illustration of the article's main ideas. Future research should investigate additional specific cases to develop a comprehensive methodology for assessing the impact of remanufacturing innovations on social outcomes. This will provide valuable insights into the broader implications of remanufacturing practices. |
| Keywords: | manufacturing, externalities, occupational meaning, circular economy, sustainability, national accounting systems |
| Date: | 2023–06–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04127754&r=env |
| By: | Carlo Drago (University of Niccolò Cusano); Loris Di Nallo (University of Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale); Maria Lucetta Russotto (University of Firenze) |
| Abstract: | Promoting social information reporting and disclosure can promote sustainable banking. The paper aims to measure banking social sustainability by constructing a new interval-based composite indicator using the Thomson Reuters database. In this work, we propose an approach to constructing interval-based composite indicators that enhance the composite indicator’s construction sensibly, allowing us to measure the uncertainty due to the choices in the composite indicator design. The methodological approach employed is based on a Monte-Carlo simulation and allows for improving the information the composite indicators can obtain. So, we measure the value of the social indicator and its subcomponents and the value’s uncertainty due to the different possible weights. The results show that the best international ESG practices in European banks relate to French and United Kingdom Banks, primarily than Italian banks. Finally, we analyze innovative perspectives and propose policy recommendations, considering the growing attention to the issue of ESG disclosure and its adherence to reality, to support sustainable banking ecosystems. |
| Keywords: | Social Index, Sustainable Banking, ESG, Monte-Carlo Simulation, Machine Learning, Interval-based Composite Indicators |
| JEL: | G21 Q5 C02 C15 C43 C63 |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2023.13&r=env |
| By: | Sai Bravo (ENAC - Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile); Carole Haritchabalet (TREE - Transitions Energétiques et Environnementales - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The number of prosumers-consumers equipped with decentralized production-is expected to increase following the revised Renewable Energy Directive (2018/2001) and the rising energy prices. The economic literature suggests there is room for demand-side storage that can take two forms: decentralized or centralized. The schemes promoting investments in solar capacity physically allow for only one type of demand-side storage. One may wonder about the conditions under which consumers invest in different technologies. We build a stylized microeconomic model of the energy market and perform a numerical evaluation, using publicly available data from France, to compare two regulations-price and quantity-from our representative consumer's and the Distributed System Operator's points of view. The two energy regulations lead to three types of profiles: consumers, prosumers, and storers. These profiles are in line with previous studies focusing on price regulation. With quantity regulation, a grid tariff such that consumers invest in storage depends on endogenous parameters. The results suggest that with the current price regulation in France, only a smaller feed-in-tariff would encourage investments in decentralized hydrogen-based storage. A grid tariff such that consumers inject energy into the grid would not reflect the cost of centralized hydrogen-based storage. However, a quantity regulation would be less costly to support. |
| Keywords: | Renewable Energy, Storage, Decentralized Production, Hydrogen |
| Date: | 2023–06–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wptree:hal-04119625&r=env |
| By: | Sai Bravo (ENAC - Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile); Carole Haritchabalet (TREE - Transitions Energétiques et Environnementales - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The number of prosumers-consumers equipped with decentralized production-is expected to increase following the revised Renewable Energy Directive (2018/2001) and the rising energy prices. The economic literature suggests there is room for demand-side storage that can take two forms: decentralized or centralized. The schemes promoting investments in solar capacity physically allow for only one type of demand-side storage. One may wonder about the conditions under which consumers invest in different technologies. We build a stylized microeconomic model of the energy market and perform a numerical evaluation, using publicly available data from France, to compare two regulations-price and quantity-from our representative consumer's and the Distributed System Operator's points of view. The two energy regulations lead to three types of profiles: consumers, prosumers, and storers. These profiles are in line with previous studies focusing on price regulation. With quantity regulation, a grid tariff such that consumers invest in storage depends on endogenous parameters. The results suggest that with the current price regulation in France, only a smaller feed-in-tariff would encourage investments in decentralized hydrogen-based storage. A grid tariff such that consumers inject energy into the grid would not reflect the cost of centralized hydrogen-based storage. However, a quantity regulation would be less costly to support. |
| Keywords: | Renewable Energy, Storage, Decentralized Production, Hydrogen |
| Date: | 2023–06–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04119625&r=env |
| By: | Kim, Miseok; Yoo, Do-il |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335692&r=env |
| By: | Bruno Cabrillac (Banque de France - Banque de France - Banque de France); Camille Fabre (Banque de France - Banque de France - Banque de France); Luc Jacolin (Banque de France - Banque de France - Banque de France) |
| Abstract: | Le changement climatique a des conséquences à la fois immédiates et de long terme sur les trajectoires d'endettement des pays en développement. Leur forte vulnérabilité physique au réchauffement climatique et à la multiplication des désastres naturels, combinée à une plus faible résilience socio-économique (insécurité alimentaire et agricole, forte croissance démographique, absence de filets de sécurité sociale, instabilité politique), pèsent sur les finances publiques, alors que les marges de manœuvre budgétaires dont ils disposent sont déjà faibles. |
| Date: | 2023–06–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04125562&r=env |
| By: | Valérie Boisvert (UNIL - Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne); Nathalie Kakpo; Nicolas Lainé (PALOC - Patrimoines locaux, Environnement et Globalisation - MNHN - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - SU - Sorbonne Université); Harry Ozier-Lafontaine (ASTRO - Agrosystèmes tropicaux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Les agricultures ultra-marines font face aujourd'hui à de multiples changements. Leurs finalités et leurs impacts sur les socio-écosystèmes sont discutés localement. Fruit d'un travail collectif mobilisant un groupe d'experts, cette note traite de la contribution possible de la culture des plantes à parfum, aromatiques et médicinales (PPAM) à la durabilité économique et environnementale de ces systèmes agricoles, du fait de leurs usages diversifiés. |
| Date: | 2023–05–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:ird-04099665&r=env |
| By: | Olivier Beaumais (LERN - Laboratoire d'Economie Rouen Normandie - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - IRIHS - Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université, LISA - Lieux, Identités, eSpaces, Activités - UPP - Université Pascal Paoli - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Mireille Chiroleu-Assouline (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | We explore differences in firms' attitudes toward corporate social responsibility (CSR). Using a unique dataset covering 8, 857 French firms, collected by the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE), we identify firms conducting conscious CSR and others with effective but unaware CSR activities. We then construct three CSR pillar scores for each firm, using Mokken scale analysis, a form of non-parametric item response analysis. The CSR scores, along with responses to specific questions, allow us to characterize firms that implement conscious or unaware CSR. We then estimate simple probit and count data models to show that a significant share of firms are in fact significantly engaged in unaware CSR, with no monotonic size effect. Cooperation with external actors such as NGOs mitigates the effect of firm size on the likelihood of conducting unaware CSR, while the effect of NGO campaigns against large firms is mainly to increase the environmental score of small firms in the same industry. |
| Keywords: | Corporate social responsibility, Non-parametric item response theory, Scoring, Stakeholders, SME, France |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-04003040&r=env |
| By: | Philippe Le Houérou (AFD - Agence française de développement, FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International); Hans Peter Lankes (Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment - LSE - London School of Economics and Political Science) |
| Abstract: | The 2015 Addis Ababa "Billions to Trillions" initiative called for stepped-up private sector investments and financial flows in developing countries. But instead of closing, the "trillion" dollar gap between development and climate needs, and the actual flows continues to widen. Was it a fairy tale? What is certain is that the current operating model of the aid agencies and the development finance institutions, is not helping to crowd-in private flows at the necessary scale. The paper reviews the evidence and highlights what needs to change and how to do it. |
| Date: | 2023–05–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04123874&r=env |
| By: | Philippe Le Houérou (AFD - Agence française de développement, FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International); Hans Peter Lankes (Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment - LSE - London School of Economics and Political Science) |
| Abstract: | L'initiative « From Billions to Trillions » (en français, Des milliards aux milliers de milliards), lancée en 2015 à Addis-Abeba, appelait à intensifier les flux financiers et les investissements du secteur privé dans les pays en développement. Mais au lieu de se combler, le fossé chiffré en « milliers de milliards » de dollars qui sépare les besoins du développement et de la lutte contre le changement climatique, et les flux financiers réels continue de se creuser. Était-ce un conte de fées ? Une chose est sûre : le modèle de fonctionnement actuel des agences de coopération et des institutions de financement du développement ne permet pas de drainer les flux privés à l'échelle requise. |
| Date: | 2023–05–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04121255&r=env |
| By: | Eunnara Cho; Ashley Allemang; Marc Audebert; Vinita Chauhan; Stephen Dertinger; Giel Hendriks; Mirjam Luijten; Francesco Marchetti; Sheroy Minocherhomji; Stefan Pfuhler; Daniel J. Roberts; Kristina Trenz; Carole L. Yauk |
| Abstract: | This Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) describes the linkage between oxidative DNA damage and irreversible genomic damage (chromosomal aberrations and mutations). DNA damage is considered an important contributor to the adverse health effects of many environmental toxicants and this AOP may thus be of widespread use to the regulatory community. Although increase in oxidative DNA damage is the molecular initiating event for this AOP, there are numerous upstream key events that can also lead to DNA oxidation. Thus, this AOP may be expanded upstream, and could be incorporated into a variety of AOP networks. Furthermore, the AOP points to critical research gaps required to establish the quantitative associations and modulating factors that connect KEs across the AOP, and highlights the utility of novel test methods in understanding and evaluating the implications of oxidative DNA damage. This AOP is referred to as AOP 296 in the Collaborative Adverse Outcome Pathway Wiki (AOP-Wiki). |
| Date: | 2023–07–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaad:29-en&r=env |
| By: | Bastianin, Andrea; Casoli, Chiara; Galeotti, Marzio |
| Abstract: | We assess the degree of connectedness among 16 metals that are critical for the production of clean energy technologies. These commodities are the constituents of the Energy Transition Metals (ETMs) price index maintained by the International Monetary Fund and comprise base, precious, and minor metals. We rely on Vector Autoregressive models and generalized forecast error variance decomposition to quantify spillovers among ETMs returns and volatilities. By calculating both static and dynamic measures of connectedness, we gain insight into the patterns of shock transmission between ETMs. Our static analysis reveals that base and precious metals are net shock transmitters, while minor and most battery metals are net receivers. By splitting the analysis into three groups, we find that almost half of the connectedness originates within each group, whereas the other half is due to cross-group spillovers. Moreover, we find that the system-wide connectedness of returns is positively correlated with proxies of economic activity, whereas volatility connectedness seems to be more related to global economic policy uncertainty. |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023–06–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:336984&r=env |
| By: | Drago, Carlo; Di Nallo, Loris; Russotto, Maria Lucetta |
| Abstract: | Promoting social information reporting and disclosure can promote sustainable banking. The paper aims to measure banking social sustainability by constructing a new interval-based composite indicator using the Thomson Reuters database. In this work, we propose an approach to constructing interval-based composite indicators that enhance the composite indicator’s construction sensibly, allowing us to measure the uncertainty due to the choices in the composite indicator design. The methodological approach employed is based on a Monte-Carlo simulation and allows for improving the information the composite indicators can obtain. So, we measure the value of the social indicator and its subcomponents and the value’s uncertainty due to the different possible weights. The results show that the best international ESG practices in European banks relate to French and United Kingdom Banks, primarily than Italian banks. Finally, we analyze innovative perspectives and propose policy recommendations, considering the growing attention to the issue of ESG disclosure and its adherence to reality, to support sustainable banking ecosystems. |
| Keywords: | Financial Economics, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023–06–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:336986&r=env |
| By: | Li Wang (ECUST); Xing-Lu Gao (ECUST); Wei-Xing Zhou (ECUST) |
| Abstract: | Grains account for more than 50% of the calories consumed by people worldwide, and military conflicts, pandemics, climate change, and soaring grain prices all have vital impacts on food security. However, the complex price behavior of the global grain spot markets has not been well understood. A recent study performed multifractal moving average analysis (MF-DMA) of the Grains & Oilseeds Index (GOI) and its sub-indices of wheat, maize, soyabeans, rice, and barley and found that only the maize and barley sub-indices exhibit an intrinsic multifractal nature with convincing evidence. Here, we utilize multifractal fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) to investigate the same problem. Extensive statistical tests confirm the presence of intrinsic multifractality in the maize and barley sub-indices and the absence of intrinsic multifractality in the wheat and rice sub-indices. Different from the MF-DMA results, the MF-DFA results suggest that there is also intrinsic multifractality in the GOI and soyabeans sub-indices. Our comparative analysis does not provide conclusive information about the GOI and soyabeans and highlights the high complexity of the global grain spot markets. |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2306.10496&r=env |
| By: | Kim, Hyunjung; Li, Tongzhe |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Risk and Uncertainty, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335905&r=env |
| By: | Kong, Xiangwen; Sun, Yuxuan; Qiu, Huanguang |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development, International Development |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335544&r=env |
| By: | Amrita Goldar (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Saon Ray (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Sajal Jain (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Tom Moerenhout (International Institute for Sustainable Development (ISID)) |
| Abstract: | The Indian automobile industry is expected tobe the third largest globally by 2030. During FY 2018-19, it contributed 7.1 per cent of India’s GDP and employed more than 37 million people. The government provided an extra policy push to ensure the accelerated and sustained growth of theautomobile industry under its Automotive Mission Plan (AMP) 2006-2016, followed by an updated plan for the period of 2016-26 launched in 2015. It aimed to propel the Indian Automotive industry to be the engine of the Make in India programme’ as well as increase the net exports of the industry. |
| Keywords: | EV, Battery Waste Management, Electric Vehicles, Climate, icrier |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:report:22-r-09&r=env |
| By: | Templeton, Scott R.; Wood, Daniel H. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335886&r=env |
| By: | Mateo-Sagasta, Javier; Nassif, Marie Helene; Tawfik, Mohamed; Gebrezgabher, Solomie; Mapedza, Everisto; Lahham, Nisreen; Al-Hamdi, M. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Financial Economics, Public Economics |
| Date: | 2023–04–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:337104&r=env |
| By: | Lim, Kar Ho; Ojha, Renu; Nayga, Rodolfo M. |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Marketing, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335980&r=env |
| By: | Zheng, Yanan; Goodhue, Rachael E. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:335445&r=env |
| By: | Pauline Massé (EVS - Environnement, Ville, Société - ENS de Lyon - École normale supérieure de Lyon - Mines Saint-Étienne MSE - École des Mines de Saint-Étienne - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon - INSA Lyon - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - Université de Lyon - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - UJM - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - ENSAL - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Keywords: | Renouveau minier, Imaginaire de l'espace, élite minière, Secteur minier |
| Date: | 2022–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04119434&r=env |