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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Dechezlepretre, Antoine; Fabre, Adrien; Kruse, Tobias; Planterose, Bluebery; Sanchez Chico, Ana; Stantcheva, Stefanie |
| Abstract: | Using new surveys on more than 40,000 respondents in twenty countries that account for 72% of global CO2 emissions, we study the understanding of and attitudes toward climate change and climate policies. We show that, across countries, support for climate policies hinges on three key perceptions centered around the effectiveness o f the policies in reducing emissions (effectiveness c concerns), t heir distributional impacts on lower-income households (inequality concerns), and their impact on the respondents’ household (self-interest). We show experimentally that information specifically addressing these key concerns can substantially increase the support for climate policies in many countries. Explaining how policies work and who can benefit f rom t hem is critical to foster policy support, whereas simply informing people about the impacts of climate change is not effective. Furthermore, we identify several socioeconomic and lifestyle factors – most notably education, political leanings, and availability of public transportation – that are significantly correlated with both policy views and overall reasoning and beliefs about climate policies. However, it is difficult to predict beliefs or policy views based on these characteristics only. |
| Keywords: | climate change; climate policies; carbon tax; perceptions; survey; experiment; French Ministry of Foreign Affairs; French Conseil d’Analyse Economique; Spanish Ministry for the Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 D78 H23 P48 |
| Date: | 2022–12–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:117562&r=env |
| By: | Mads Greaker; Cathrine Hagem (Statistics Norway); Andreas Skulstad |
| Abstract: | On the one hand, wind power production is necessary for decarbonizing the electricity sector. On the other hand, we risk replacing one environmental problem with other environmental problems, that is, stopping climate change in exchange with increased loss of pristine land and biodiversity. The present paper provides a novel contribution to the literature on how to regulate the development of wind power plants (WPPs). Current regulation is largely based on a concession system, where both environmental taxes and offset schemes are left unexplored. We develop a theoretical model of WPP development with offsets and environmental taxes. We show that if additional loss of pristine nature and biodiversity is acceptable at some monetary price, establishing an offset market for WPP development and combining it with an environmental tax will be socially desirable. In fact, this solution is preferable to both only having an environmental tax or only having a compulsory offset market. However, if no more loss of pristine land and biodiversity can be tolerated, compulsory and complete offsetting should be the norm. We look at two restoration projects in Norway and evaluate to what extent they could have been used as offsets for a recent WPP development in Norway. We conclude that they can, but an offset scheme demands good measurement methods and regulations to ensure equivalence in the values of ecosystem services lost and gained. |
| Keywords: | Wind power; Offsetting schemes; Environmental taxes; Resource Equivalency; Analysis; Habitat Equivalency Analysis |
| JEL: | D62 Q24 Q26 Q42 Q48 Q51 Q56 Q57 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssb:dispap:994&r=env |
| By: | Campiglio, Emanuele; Dietz, Simon; Venmans, Frank |
| Abstract: | The optimal transition to a low-carbon economy must account for adjustment costs in switching from dirty to clean capital, technological progress, and economic and climatic shocks. We study the low-carbon transition using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with emissions abatement costs calibrated on a large energy modelling database, solved with recursive methods. We show how capital inertia puts upward pressure on emissions and temperatures in the short run, but that nonetheless it is optimal to actively disinvest from – to ‘strand’ – a significant share of the dirty capital stock. Conversely, clean technological progress, as well as uncertainty about climatic and economic factors, lead to lower emissions and temperatures in the long run. Putting these factors together, we estimate a net premium of 33% on the optimal carbon price today relative to a ‘straw man’ model with perfect capital mobility, fixed abatement costs and no uncertainty. |
| Keywords: | adjustment costs; carbon price; climate change; low-carbon transition; stranded assets; technological progress; uncertainty |
| JEL: | C61 E22 H23 Q54 Q55 |
| Date: | 2022–12–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:117610&r=env |
| By: | William Nordhaus (Cowles Foundation, Yale University) |
| Abstract: | The present study analyzes the impact of carbon pricing along with other policies on the value of fossil fuel resources, CO2 emissions, and economic welfare. It employs a model based on the Hotelling analysis of resource values and calibrates this approach to data on fossil resources, costs, demands, and CO2 emissions. Total fossil-fuel resource rents are estimated to be $17 trillion (2021 US$) without carbon pricing. Oil and gas rents are unchanged for low carbon taxes but would decline by 40% with a $100/tCO2 price. The losses in producer values would be only about 10% of the carbon tax revenues. The study also shows that other policies Ð such as ones involving ethical investing or subsidies for renewable energy Ð are very inefficient and poor substitutes for carbon pricing. |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cwl:cwldpp:2345&r=env |
| By: | Campiglio, Emanuele; Dietz, Simon; Venmans, Frank |
| Abstract: | The optimal transition to a low-carbon economy must account for adjustment costs in switching from dirty to clean capital, technological progress, and economic and climatic shocks. We study the low-carbon transition using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with emissions abatement costs calibrated on a large energy modelling database, solved with recursive methods. We show how capital inertia puts upward pressure on emissions and temperatures in the short run, but that nonetheless it is optimal to actively disinvest from – to ‘strand’ – a significant share of the dirty capital stock. Conversely, clean technological progress, as well as uncertainty about climatic and economic factors, lead to lower emissions and temperatures in the long run. Putting these factors together, we estimate a net premium of 33% on the optimal carbon price today relative to a ‘straw man’ model with perfect capital mobility, fixed abatement costs and no uncertainty. |
| Keywords: | adjustment costs; carbon price; climate change; low-carbon transition; stranded assets; technological progress; uncertainty |
| JEL: | C61 E22 H23 Q54 Q55 |
| Date: | 2022–12–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:117609&r=env |
| By: | Dechezlepretre, Antoine; Fabre, Adrien; Kruse, Tobias; Planterose, Bluebery; Sanchez Chico, Ana; Stantcheva, Stefanie |
| Abstract: | Using new surveys on more than 40,000 respondents in twenty countries that account for 72% of global CO2 emissions, we study the understanding of and attitudes toward climate change and climate policies. We show that, across countries, support for climate policies hinges on three key perceptions centered around the effectiveness o f the policies in reducing emissions (effectiveness c concerns), t heir distributional impacts on lower-income households (inequality concerns), and their impact on the respondents’ household (self-interest). We show experimentally that information specifically addressing these key concerns can substantially increase the support for climate policies in many countries. Explaining how policies work and who can benefit f rom t hem is critical to foster policy support, whereas simply informing people about the impacts of climate change is not effective. Furthermore, we identify several socioeconomic and lifestyle factors – most notably education, political leanings, and availability of public transportation – that are significantly correlated with both policy views and overall reasoning and beliefs about climate policies. However, it is difficult to predict beliefs or policy views based on these characteristics only. |
| Keywords: | climate change; climate policies; carbon tax; perceptions; survey; experiment; French Ministry of Foreign Affairs; French Conseil d’Analyse Economique; Spanish Ministry for the Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 D78 H23 P48 |
| Date: | 2022–12–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:117603&r=env |
| By: | Liu, Min; Xu, Wenli; Zhang, Hangyu; Chen, Huang; Bie, Qiang; Han, Guodong; Yu, Xiaohua |
| Abstract: | Serious climate challenges and environmental concerns have led to calls to mitigate greenhouse effects and pollution by controlling livestock production. In this study, we performed a cross-boundary quasi-natural experimental analysis of the Mongolian Plateau to examine the causal effects of livestock reduction on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and air pollutants. Aimed at grassland conservation by controlling overgrazing, China’s grassland ecological compensation policy (GECP) unintendedly offered the opportunity to estimate the causal effects of livestock reduction. To this end, we used official statistical data, remote sensing data, reanalysis data, and household survey data. Empirical findings based on the synthetic difference-in-differences (SDID) approach showed that with the implementation of the GECP, livestock reduction reduced atmospheric GHG and air pollutant concentrations and increased grassland quality and carbon sequestration in grasslands. We extended the basic SDID to the dynamic SDID and used it to estimate the causal effects in each policy year, which presented that the policy effects were more pronounced after several years of continuous implementation. The pathway analysis revealed that atmospheric CH4 concentrations decreased with the reduction in animal CH4 emissions and that the PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations decreased with grassland restoration. These findings provided empirical references for reforming the global food system to ensure both food security and environmental protection. |
| Keywords: | Greenhouse gases Air pollutants Livestock Synthetic difference-in-differences Grassland |
| JEL: | H43 Q1 R1 |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:115704&r=env |
| By: | Adel Ben Youssef (University of Côte d’Azur) |
| Abstract: | The role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in climate policy and the green transition (conservation of biodiversity, energy transition, climate change) is becoming increasingly important worldwide. This paper examines the contribution of NGOs to drafting and implementing climate policy in Tunisia, engaging in climate negotiation processes and activities, and formulating effectiveness criteria related to climate change lobbying at the local, national, and international levels. First, we show that improved working conditions have a positive effect on NGO involvement in climate change actions. Second, greater professionalism has a substantial effect on Elaboration Resilience 2050, Elaboration of a Low Carbon Economy 2050, and climate change training, whereas the effect of the Conferences of the Parties (COPs) is marginally negatively significant. Third, exclusion from the drafting of government laws is a major determinant of involvement in climate change actions. Fourth, NGOs which cooperate with the government and receive funds from international organizations are more likely to be involved in climate change actions, climate policy, climate negotiations, and NGO projects. Fifth, NGOs working on project implementation do not have sufficient resources to undertake several activities simultaneously. Sixth, budget increases and the number of funding sources seem to be positively correlated to engagement in policy changes/negotiations and the implementation of climate projects. |
| Date: | 2021–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1519&r=env |
| By: | Halit Yanikkaya (Gebze Technical University); Abdullah Altun (Gebze Technical University); Pinar Tat (Gebze Technical University) |
| Abstract: | This paper tracks the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions embedded in global value chains (GVCs) in 186 countries for the period 1990-2015. It then looks at the determinants of the emissions considering both country- and sector-level variables in a gravity-like framework. Our graphical visualization displays that, as expected, developed countries appear to be both major GHG emission producers and outsourcers in the highly fragmented world. Indeed, the trade activities of China, the US, Germany, Japan, and Russia contribute 40 percent of total global emissions. Moreover, while higher capital stock is attributable to higher GHG emissions embedded in GVCs, our empirical results reveal that sectors’ renewable energy consumption can be seen as an emission-decreasing factor. While higher income and financial development levels seem to decrease air quality, regional or global integration in trade agreements seems to be consistent with the current increasing efforts and concerns regarding environmental issues. Given the current trajectory and the findings of this paper, negotiating environmental policies across nations, an adaptation of greener production technologies in the production process, and cost-sharing plans between governments and producers should be carefully considered to decrease environmental degradation and sustain natural resources. |
| Date: | 2022–08–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1572&r=env |
| By: | KERAMIDAS Kimon; FOSSE Florian (European Commission - JRC); DIAZ RINCON Andrea (European Commission - JRC); DOWLING Paul (European Commission - JRC); GARAFFA Rafael (European Commission - JRC); ORDONEZ Jose (European Commission - JRC); RUSS Peter (European Commission - JRC); SCHADE Burkhard (European Commission - JRC); SCHMITZ Andreas (European Commission - JRC); SORIA RAMIREZ Antonio (European Commission - JRC); VANDYCK Toon (European Commission - JRC); WEITZEL Matthias (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This edition of the Global Energy and Climate Outlook (GECO 2022) presents an updated view on the implications of energy and climate policies around the world. Current climate policy pledges and targets imply a rapid decline in greenhouse gas emissions, but there remains both an implementation gap in adopting policies aligned with countries’ mid-term Nationally Determined Contributions and Long-Term Strategies, and a collective ambition gap in reducing emissions to reach the Paris Agreement targets of limit global warming to well below 2°C and pursue efforts to 1.5°C. This report provides insight into the structural evolution of energy trade in a decarbonising world in the coming decades. With a greater share of energy produced domestically, the decarbonisation effort results increased energy self-sufficiency. We examine the role of hydrogen specifically: the share of hydrogen and of derived fuels in total global final energy consumption remain low by 2050 (7% and 5%, respectively). International hydrogen trade is limited (6-11% of hydrogen demand), with most trade taking place via pipeline from neighbouring regions. The trade of hydrogen-derived liquid fuels is more pronounced (up to 25% of these fuels' demand) and takes place over longer distances by ship. Embodied energy trade remains an important element in a decarbonised global economy, while shifting away from embodied fossil fuels towards embodied low-carbon electricity. |
| Keywords: | Global Energy system, Climate Change, Green House Gas emissions, Nationally determined contributions (NDCs), Long term strategies (LTS), trade, embodied emissions, hydrogen, synthetic fuels, e-fuels |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc131864&r=env |
| By: | Francesco Lamperti; Andrea Roventini |
| Abstract: | Though climate physical and transition risks will likely affect socio-economic dynamics along any transition pathways, their unfolding is still poorly understood. This also affects the development of climate-change policies to achieve sustainable growth. In this paper, we discuss a series of results assessing the materiality of climate risks for economic and financial stability and alternative policy pathways by means of the Dystopian Schumpeter meeting Keynes (DSK) agent-based integrated assessment model. Our results suggest the emergence of tipping points wherein physical risks under unmitigated emissions will reduce long-run growth and spur financial and economic instability. Moreover, diverse types of climate shocks have a different impact on economic dynamics and on the chances of observing a transition to carbonless growth. While these results call for immediate and ambitious interventions, appropriate mitigation policies need to be designed. Our results show that carbon taxation is not the most suitable tool to achieve zero-emission growth given its huge economic costs. On the contrary, command-and-control regulation and innovation policies to foster green investments is the best policy mix to put the economy on a green growth pathway. Overall, our results contradict the standard tenets of cost-benefit climate economics and suggest the absence of any trade-off between decarbonization and growth. |
| Keywords: | climate policy; climate risks; macroeconomic dynamics; agent-based modelling. |
| Date: | 2022–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2022/39&r=env |
| By: | Dietz, Simon; Lanz, Bruno |
| Abstract: | As the climate is changing, the global economy is adapting. We provide a novel method of estimating how much adaptation has taken place historically, how much it has cost, and how much it has reduced the impacts of climate change. The method is based on a structurally estimated, globally aggregated model of long-run growth, which identifies how household consumption and fertility preferences, innovation, and land use allow the economy to adapt to climate change. We identify the key role of agriculture, because it is especially vulnerable to climate change and food cannot be perfectly substituted. To compensate for declining crop yields, the world economy has shifted resources into agriculture and this has slowed down structural change. We also use the model to estimate optimal future carbon taxation. Adaptation is costly, so radically reducing future greenhouse gas emissions could improve welfare substantially. Uncertainty about climate damages remains substantial, particularly in agriculture, and this strongly affects optimal policy. |
| Keywords: | agriculture; climate change; directed technical change; economic growth; energy; population growth; structural change; structural estimation; uncertainty |
| JEL: | C51 O13 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–12–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:117606&r=env |
| By: | Dietz, Simon; Lanz, Bruno |
| Abstract: | As the climate is changing, the global economy is adapting. We provide a novel method of estimating how much adaptation has taken place historically, how much it has cost, and how much it has reduced the impacts of climate change. The method is based on a structurally estimated, globally aggregated model of long-run growth, which identifies how household consumption and fertility preferences, innovation, and land use allow the economy to adapt to climate change. We identify the key role of agriculture, because it is especially vulnerable to climate change and food cannot be perfectly substituted. To compensate for declining crop yields, the world economy has shifted resources into agriculture and this has slowed down structural change. We also use the model to estimate optimal future carbon taxation. Adaptation is costly, so radically reducing future greenhouse gas emissions could improve welfare substantially. Uncertainty about climate damages remains substantial, particularly in agriculture, and this strongly affects optimal policy. |
| Keywords: | agriculture; climate change; directed technical change; economic growth; energy; population growth; structural change; structural estimation; uncertainty |
| JEL: | C51 O13 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–12–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:117608&r=env |
| By: | Lee, Jukwan (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kim, Jong Duk (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Moon, Jin-Young (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Eom, Jun Hyun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kim, Ji Hyeon (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Suh, Jeongmeen (Soongsil University) |
| Abstract: | 그린뉴딜은 탄소중립 달성을 위한 환경정책이자 경제성장을 위한 재정정책이다. 이에 대하여 통상정책적 시각과 접근이 필요한 이유는 그린뉴딜이 추구하는 탄소중립과 경제성장이 다자체제와 국제무역시스템에 밀접하게 연결되어 있기 때문이다. 기후변화는 국경을 넘는 글로벌한 이슈이다. 어느 한 지역이나 국가의 노력으로 달성할 수 있는 온실가스 저감 수준에는 한계가 있을 수밖에 없다. 또한 탄소중립 달성을 위해서는 국제경제와 생산 네트워크에 대한 이해가 필수적이다. 생산공급망이 전 세계로 확대되고 가치사슬이 복잡하게 연결된 세계 경제구조 속에서 무역을 고려하지 않고서 성공적인 탄소중립을 이뤄내기는 쉽지 않기 때문이다. 따라서 탄소중립을 목표로 하는 그린뉴딜은 이러한 맥락에서 통상정책 차원에서도 고려될 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 탄소중립을 위한 그린뉴딜 정책과 관련하여 통상정책 차원의 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. This research defines the Green New Deal, as a fiscal policy having both environmental and economic growth as its main objectives. A trade policy perspective and approach has been applied while reviewing the carbon-neutral policy as both carbon-neutrality and economic growth pursued by the Green New Deal are closely linked to the multilateral system and the international trade system. Climate change is a global issue that transcends national borders. There are inevitably limits to the level of greenhouse gas reduction that can be achieved through the efforts of any one region or country. Carbon-neutrality also requires an understanding of the international economy and production networks. Production supply chains are expanding all over the world and value chains are intricately connected. The Green New Deal needs to be considered in terms of trade policy. Therefore, this study tries to provide implications in terms of trade policy in relation to the Green New Deal policy for carbon-neutrality. Chapter 2 introduces carbon-neutral policies that major countries are adopting and compares them with past Green New Deal policies. The latter were introduced in the context of economic stimulus and eco-friendliness during the 2008 global financial crisis. In addition, we compare Korea’s current Green New Deal with its 2008-version called the low-carbon green growth policy to examine the similarities and differences. Although major countries used different names such as ‘Green Deal’ or ‘Green New Deal’ to implement policies for greenhouse gas reduction and economic growth, they were not sufficient in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Past and current policies generally put more emphasis on short-term employment growth andeconomic stimulus. Korea’s Green New Deal also had limitations while considering carbon-neutrality as a policy goal until the government announced the Green New Deal 2.0 in July 2021.(the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | 무역정책; 환경정책; Trade policy; environmental policy |
| Date: | 2021–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:2021_010&r=env |
| By: | Banerjee, Onil; Cicowiez, Martin; Vargas, Renato; Molina-Pérez, Edmundo; |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the economic and environmental impacts of implementing Costa Ricas Decarbonization Plan, focusing specifically on the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses (AFOLU) sectors. To do so, we apply the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) framework for Costa Rica, linked with high resolution spatial land use land cover and ecosystem services modeling (IEEMESM). This is the first economy-wide analysis of Costa Ricas Decarbonization Plan that integrates both economic and ecosystem services impacts. Such an integrated approach is critical for understanding cross-sectoral implications of decarbonization despite the sector-specific focus of AFOLU, while considering the impacts on future ecosystem services flows and wealth. Our results indicate that the positive cumulative wealth impacts of the full decarbonization of Costa Ricas AFOLU sectors are on the order of US$8,747 million by 2050 and generally enhances the future flow of ecosystem services. Decarbonization of AFOLU is pro-poor, lifting 4,530 out of poverty by 2050. From a public investment perspective, decarbonization generates economic returns of US$1,114 million when natural capital and environmental quality are considered. The IEEMESM Platform developed in this paper provides a strong foundation for future analysis and refinement of proposed decarbonization strategies for the country, while weighing the relative costs and benefits of the economic, environmental and social dimensions in an integrated way. |
| Keywords: | climate change;Agriculture;decarbonization;ecosystem services modeling;Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform;dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model |
| JEL: | O13 Q54 C68 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:11075&r=env |
| By: | Mouez Fodha (Paris School of Economics); Djamel Kirat (University of Orléans); Chahir Zaki (Cairo University and Economic Research Forum) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to examine how financial markets are affected by climate and energy transition risks. Our contribution is thus twofold. First, relying on the overlapping generations’ model, we develop a simple theoretical model by taking into account the interplay between environmental quality and assets market. We show that when agents are sensitive to the environmental quality, they take decisions about savings and investment in line with the need for higher environmental protection. Second, we empirically test this model by assessing the nature and magnitude of the climate and energy transition determinants of the risk premium associated with public debt, with a focus on countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, being one of the most abundant regions in natural resources. Our main findings show that fossil fuel subsoil wealth is associated to a higher risk premium. Moreover, this risk increases also with a higher level of CO2 emissions per capita or lower level of environmental performance index (EPI). This confirms how financial markets are accounting for climate and energy-transition risks. We also show that the quality of institutions plays an important role in counterbalancing the effects of climate-related variables on the risk premium. Finally, we conclude that financial markets could foster energy transition and encourage the implementation of effective environmental policies. |
| Date: | 2021–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1526&r=env |
| By: | Guillaume Lafortune; Grayson Fuller; Leslie Bermont Diaz; Adolf Kloke-Lesch; Phoebe Koundouri; Angelo Riccaboni |
| Abstract: | In September 2015, the international community adopted the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In doing so, all 193 UN member states signed off on 17 goals to promote socioeconomic prosperity and environmental sustainability. Earlier that same year, the Addis Ababa Action Agenda for financing development had been adopted, while the close of the year saw the conclusion of the Paris Climate Agreement. Yet seven years on, the world is significantly off-track to achieving most of these goals, and multiple crises have led to a reversal of SDG progress. From the outset, Heads of State agreed that a number of countries each year (around 40) should present reports on their progress towards the SDGs, in so called 'voluntary national reviews'(VNRs) and that leaders would meet every four years to review global SDG progress and agree on a path forward. In July 2023, the EU is to present its first Union-wide voluntary review at the United Nations. This presents a good opportunity for the EU to send a strong message to the international community and to demonstrate its commitment to and leadership on the SDGs. A few months later, in September 2023, Heads of State will again meet under the auspices of the UN General Assembly in New York for the second SDG Summit (the first was held in 2019). Following the SDG Summit, the Summit of the Future, in September 2024, will debate and hopefully lead to the adoption of a Pact for the Future to include major reforms of multilateral institutions and sustainable development finance. This year's Europe Sustainable Development Report (ESDR 2022) aims to support both of these processes and contribute to strengthening the EU's SDG leadership at home and internationally. |
| Keywords: | SDGs, Sustainability, Transformations, Green Deal, Spillover |
| JEL: | A11 O20 Q01 |
| Date: | 2022–12–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2235&r=env |
| By: | Alapan Chaudhuri; Zeeshan Ahmed; Ashwin Rao; Shivansh Subramanian; Shreyas Pradhan; Abhishek Mittal |
| Abstract: | Nostradamus, inspired by the French astrologer and reputed seer, is a detailed study exploring relations between environmental factors and changes in the stock market. In this paper, we analyze associative correlation and causation between environmental elements and stock prices based on the US financial market, global climate trends, and daily weather records to demonstrate significant relationships between climate and stock price fluctuation. Our analysis covers short and long-term rises and dips in company stock performances. Lastly, we take four natural disasters as a case study to observe their effect on the emotional state of people and their influence on the stock market. |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2212.05933&r=env |
| By: | Laureti, Lucio; Costantiello, Alberto; Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | In this article we investigate the role of “Renewable Energy Consumption” in the context of Circular Economy. We use data from the World Bank for 193 countries in the period 2011-2020. We perform several econometric techniques i.e., Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, Pooled OLS, WLS. Our results show that “Renewable Energy Consumption” is positively associated among others to “Cooling Degree Days” and “Adjusted savings: net forest depletion” and negatively associated among others to “GHG net emissions/removals by LUCF” and “Mean Drought Index”. Furthermore, we perform a cluster analysis with the application of the k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette Coefficient and we find the presence of two clusters. Finally, we compare eight different machine learning algorithms to predict the value of Renewable Energy Consumption. Our results show that the Polynomial Regression is the best algorithm in the sense of prediction and that on average the renewable energy consumption is expected to growth of 2.61%. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics, General, Valuation of Environmental Effects, Pollution Control Adoption and Costs, Recycling. |
| JEL: | Q5 Q50 Q51 Q52 Q53 |
| Date: | 2022–12–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:115763&r=env |
| By: | Per Krusell (Cowles Foundation, Yale University); Tony Smith (Cowles Foundation, Yale University) |
| Abstract: | The economic effects of climate change vary across both time and space. To study these effects, this paper builds a global economy-climate model featuring a high degree of geographic resolution. Carbon emissions from the use of energy in production increase the Earth's (average) temperature and local, or regional, temperatures respond more or less sensitively to this increase. Each of the approximately 19,000 regions makes optimal consumption-savings and energy-use decisions as its climate (or regional temperature) and, consequently, its productivity change over time. The relationship between regional temperature and regional productivity has an inverted U-shape, calibrated so that the high- resolution model replicates estimates of aggregate global damages from global warming. At the global level, then, the high-resolution model nests standard one-region economy-climate models, while at the same time it features realistic spatial variation in climate and economic activity. The central result is that the effects of climate change vary dramatically across space---with many regions gaining while others lose---and the global average effects, while negative, are dwarfed quantitatively by the differences across space. A tax on carbon increases average (global) welfare, but there is a large disparity of views on it across regions, with both winners and losers. Climate change also leads to large increases in global inequality, across both regions and countries. These findings vary little as capital markets range from closed (autarky) to open (free capital mobility). |
| Keywords: | climate change, carbon taxes, regional economies |
| JEL: | H23 Q54 R13 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cwl:cwldpp:2342&r=env |
| By: | Geier, Cecilia Roxanne; Sponagel, Christian; Angenendt, Elisabeth; Bahrs, Enno |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi22:329612&r=env |
| By: | Emma Jagu (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles, IFP School, Centrale Supélec); Olivier Massol (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles, IFP School, Centrale Supélec, University of London [London], Palais Brogniart) |
| Abstract: | Carbon removal certification may become a powerful instrument to accelerate decarbonization efforts. In Europe, its implementation is expected to foster the deployment of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS). Yet, the large-scale adoption of BECCS is also limited by the availability of a costly CO2 transportation infrastructure shared with fossil-fueled emitters. In this paper, we examine the interactions between carbon removal accounting (which determines financial incentives for BECCS) and optimal CO2 infrastructure deployment by asking how certification affects the feasibility of BECCS projects. We propose an original economic framework to explore this question and apply it to a real case study in Sweden. We show that, although a carbon removal accounting framework based on a lifecycle methodology discourages investment in inefficient BECCS processes, it may lead to locking out BECCS from CO2 infrastructures. Our results suggest that a trade-off must be found between accurately evaluating carbon removal and avoiding BECCS lock-out. We formulate two policy recommendations to overcome this trade-off: (i) deploying sustainable biomass certification to incentivize more carbonefficient BECCS process, and (ii) stimulating public and private demand for carbon removal credits to induce a higher price for sustainable carbon removal than for carbon mitigation. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Removal Accounting, Carbon Removal Certification, Negative Emissions, Bioenergy Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage, CO2 infrastructures |
| Date: | 2022–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03898138&r=env |
| By: | Sevil Acar (Bogaziçi University Hisar Campus Sariyer Istanbu); Ahmet Atil Asici (Istanbul Technical University); A. Erinç Yeldan (Kadir Has University) |
| Abstract: | In December 2019, the European Union (EU) announced the European Green Deal (EGD) to create a climate-neutral continent by 2050. Accordingly, the EU Emission Trading System (ETS) will be revised to maintain economic growth against possible losses in competitiveness, leading to “carbon leakage.” The Carbon Border Adjustment (CBA) is one of the mechanisms proposed to tackle the carbon leakage problem; it is an import fee levied by the carbon-taxing region (in this case, the EU) on goods manufactured in non-carbon-taxing countries (in this case, Turkey). The purpose of this paper is to provide a first-order estimate of the potential sectoral impacts of the CBA on the Turkish economy by employing input-output methodology. Our results suggest that the CBA may bring a carbon bill of EUR 1.1-1.8 billion to Turkish exporters in the EU market. The revision of the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) target and the ratification of the Paris Climate Agreement at the parliament are two steps that can be taken immediately. Speeding up the ongoing preparatory process of instituting an Emission Trading System (ETS) in Turkey (preferably linked to the ETS), will help minimize economic losses. |
| Date: | 2021–10–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1500&r=env |
| By: | Narang, Tanya |
| Abstract: | By the year 2050, the world population is expected to grow to 9.8 billion people and 70% of these people will live in cities. India will become the most populous country by 2023, overtaking China and about 53% of the Indian population is expected to live in cities by 2050, up from 35% in 2021 as per World Bank. However, in India, almost all the food production happens in rural areas and small towns. Transporting food from a farmer’s place to consumer’s neighborhood store results in ‘food miles’, and carbon emissions. Not to mention, food wasted during long journeys that gets dumped into landfills and end up contributing to 10% of greenhouse gas emissions. To minimize such pollution, emissions and waste, food can be alternatively grown in urban areas via Vertical Farming(VF). VF involves new age technologies like hydroponics, aeroponics or aquaponics. It is more efficient than traditional farming, offers higher yield, is free from chemicals and pesticides. This study measures consumers perception towards VF products and concludes that 80.7% of people care about sustainability, 85% are ready to pay premium and 63% would trust such products. ‘Climate-consciousness’ and ‘buying healthy and fresh food for family’ were the perceived benefits from family and friends. However more needs to be done to drive awareness, consideration, availability and affordability of vertical farm products. Only 57% of the respondents are aware about health benefits(chemical and pesticide-free) of VF products, 57.5% were aware about VF or hydroponics and in terms of purchase behavior, only 44.3% of respondents have bought a VF product. Vertical Farming is the future of modern agriculture and can be a panacea in feeding India’s burgeoning urban population, fighting food transportation-related pollution, reduce food miles, food waste and associated greenhouse gas emissions. |
| Keywords: | Consumer behavior; attitudes and perception research; Indian consumers; Vertical farms; hydroponics; sustainability; eco-friendly; environmentally conscious; Climate solutions; urbanization; urban population; India; food security; |
| JEL: | M31 Q18 R11 |
| Date: | 2022–11–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:115717&r=env |
| By: | Rashid Hassan (University of Pretoria); Hassan Abdelnur; Ismail Elgizouli; Yasir Khairy |
| Abstract: | Ensuring sustainability is about protecting the rights of future generations in natural wealth endowments, which include in addition to stocks of resource assets (minerals, land, water, forests, wildlife, etc.), a healthy environment and functional ecosystems. Prudent use of the proceeds from liquidation of natural assets and protection of environmental quality and ecosystems health, are therefore necessary for inter-generational equity. At the same time, consequences of depletion of natural assets and environmental degradation are not equally shared among different regions and social groups, with the least fortunate and more vulnerable bearing the largest burden. Such intragenerational inequities, in turn threaten sustainability. This illustrates how equity and sustainability are interlinked in the dynamics of natural and human systems’ interactions. This paper is an attempt to contribute to an improved understanding of how human and natural systems interact in shaping livelihoods and environmental conditions in Sudan. The paper analyzed the natural, institutional, and socioeconomic contexts and policy environments within which the transitional period administration in Sudan is to design its reform strategies and implement programs for prudent environmental management and equitable distribution of the benefits from exploiting the country’s natural wealth. Our analysis focused on identifying major challenges to pursuing the goals of inclusive and sustainable development and propose intervention measures necessary to address them |
| Date: | 2022–05–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1550&r=env |
| By: | Weiwei Xiong; Katsumasa Tanaka; Philippe Ciais; Daniel J. A. Johansson; Mariliis Lehtveer |
| Abstract: | We developed an emulator for Integrated Assessment Models (emIAM) based on a marginal abatement cost (MAC) curve approach. Using the output of IAMs in the ENGAGE Scenario Explorer and the GET model, we derived a large set of MAC curves: ten IAMs; global and eleven regions; three gases CO2, CH4, and N2O; eight portfolios of available mitigation technologies; and two emission sources. We tested the performance of emIAM by coupling it with a simple climate model ACC2. We found that the optimizing climate-economy model emIAM-ACC2 adequately reproduced a majority of original IAM emission outcomes under similar conditions, allowing systematic explorations of IAMs with small computational resources. emIAM can expand the capability of simple climate models as a tool to calculate cost-effective pathways linked directly to a temperature target. |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2212.12060&r=env |
| By: | Ruiz de Gauna, Itziar; Markandya, Anil; Onofri, Laura; Greño, Francisco; Warman, Javier; Arce, Norma; Navarrete, Natalia; Rivera, Marisol; Kobelkowsky, Rebeca; Vargas, Mayela; Hernández, Marisol |
| Abstract: | Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth. The Mesoamerican Reef contains the largest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere. However, its health is threatened, so there is a need for a management and sustainable conservation. Key to this is knowing the economic value of the ecosystem. “Mainstreaming the value of natural capital into policy decision-making is vital” The value of environmental and natural resources reflects what society is willing to pay for a good or service or to conserve natural resources. Conventional economic approaches tended to view value only in terms of the willingness to pay for raw materials and physical products generated for human production and consumption (e.g. fish, mining materials, pharmaceutical products, etc.). As recognition of the potential negative impacts of human activity on the environment became more widespread, economists began to understand that people might also be willing to pay for other reasons beyond the own current use of the service (e.g. to protect coral reefs from degradation or to know that coral reefs will remain intact in the future). As a result of this debate, Total Economic Value (TEV) became the most widely used and commonly accepted framework for classifying economic benefits of ecosystems and for trying to integrate them into decision-making. This report estimates the economic value of the following goods and services provided by the MAR's coral reefs: USE VALUES Tourism & Recreation, Fisheries, Shoreline protection NON-USE VALUES To our knowledge, the inclusion of non-use values in the economic valuation of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System is novel, which makes the study more comprehensive. |
| Keywords: | Biodiversity;Coral Ecosystems;Mesoamerican Region;Coral Reef |
| JEL: | Q56 Q57 |
| Date: | 2021–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:11308&r=env |
| By: | Jin, Ruining |
| Abstract: | The current state of biodiversity loss on Earth is a serious headache for many scientists and policymakers. While there have been immense efforts in both natural and social science fields, the psychology of the willingness to support conservation endeavors is still unclear. Minh-Hoang Nguyen provides some interesting insights regarding this issue from a sociopsychological perspective. |
| Date: | 2022–12–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:k5sfg&r=env |
| By: | Guilherme Magacho (AFD - Agence française de développement); Etienne Espagne (AFD - Agence française de développement); Irene de Eccher (IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Grégoire Sempé (IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Michel Simioni (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, TSE-R - Toulouse School of Economics - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Lors de la COP26, le Viet Nam s'est positionné à l'avant-garde de la course mondiale vers le «net zéro», ouvrant ainsi une ère de changement structurel rapide pour le pays. Le Viet Nam entame ce voyage en partant d'une position de forte intensité d'émissions par rapport au reste du monde. Dans le secteur de l'électricité, du gaz et de l'eau, alors que le monde émet moins de 2, 5 kg de CO2 par dollar américain, le Viet Nam émet près de 15 kg de CO2 par dollar américain. Le même schéma se vérifie dans d'autres secteurs. Dans le secteur du textile et de l'habillement, ainsi que dans celui des produits métalliques, le Viet Nam émet environ 2, 5 kg de CO2 par dollar américain, alors que la médiane mondiale est inférieure à 1, 0 kg par dollar américain. Le pays est également relativement exposé aux industries en déclin en termes de contraintes externes, fiscales et socio-économiques. Une faible couverture de protection sociale ajoute à l'impact social potentiel d'une transition rapide. En même temps, le Viet Nam fait partie des pays les plus exposés aux impacts climatiques, ce qui confirme son intérêt spécifique à mener cette «course verte» mondiale. Une analyse transsectorielle de l'exposition montre certains impacts potentiels importants d'un monde à 2°C en termes d'effets externes, fiscaux et socio-économiques. Mais le Viet Nam présente également des opportunités industrielles et technologiques très prometteuses dans un scénario de «course verte» globale. Comparé à d'autres nations d'Asie du Sud-Est, ou même à des économies développées asiatiques comme la Corée, le Viet Nam présente des opportunités industrielles très importantes dans les produits verts moins complexes, mais aussi des opportunités prometteuses dans les produits plus complexes, qui apportent généralement les meilleures opportunités d'emploi et les meilleures capacités techniques. Au cours de la dernière décennie, le Viet Nam a connu la croissance la plus rapide de l'indice de complexité verte parmi les économies d'Asie du Sud-Est, et l'un des potentiels de complexité verte les plus élevés. L'élaboration d'une solide stratégie de développement et d'industrie verte face au changement climatique nécessite de déployer le bon dosage de politiques pour soutenir la diversification dans ces secteurs prioritaires. |
| Date: | 2022–11–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03900309&r=env |
| By: | Chunmeng Yang; Siqi Bu; Yi Fan; Wayne Xinwei Wan; Ruoheng Wang; Aoife Foley |
| Abstract: | To meet widely recognised carbon neutrality targets, over the last decade metropolitan regions around the world have implemented policies to promote the generation and use of sustainable energy. Nevertheless, there is an availability gap in formulating and evaluating these policies in a timely manner, since sustainable energy capacity and generation are dynamically determined by various factors along dimensions based on local economic prosperity and societal green ambitions. We develop a novel data-driven platform to predict and evaluate energy transition policies by applying an artificial neural network and a technology diffusion model. Using Singapore, London, and California as case studies of metropolitan regions at distinctive stages of energy transition, we show that in addition to forecasting renewable energy generation and capacity, the platform is particularly powerful in formulating future policy scenarios. We recommend global application of the proposed methodology to future sustainable energy transition in smart regions. |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2212.07019&r=env |
| By: | Abeer Elshennawy (The American University in Cairo); Dirk Willenbockel (University of Sussex.) |
| Abstract: | Climate change is a reality in Egypt. Temperatures in Egypt have risen 0.34o C/Decade between 1961-2000. Climate change is likely to aggravate water scarcity problems, reduce agricultural yields and agricultural output as parts of the Nile Delta is threatened by inundation due to sea level rise. Reducing carbon emissions is thus essential. Utilizing an Intertemporal General Equilibrium Model, this paper investigates the effect of implementing a carbon tax on economic growth and consumer welfare. Alternative ways to recycle the tax revenue is also considered. The effect of the carbon tax on economic growth depends on the use of the additional tax revenue. If the revenue is used to fund additional government consumption or cash transfers to private households, the effect is mildly contractionary. If the revenue is used to reduce other tax rates in a way that stimulates additional investment, the carbon tax could have a positive impact on economic activity. The carbon tax has no discernible adverse effects on the distribution of household income. |
| Date: | 2021–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1525&r=env |
| By: | Nikos Chatzistamoulou (AUEB); Phoebe Koundouri |
| Abstract: | The European Green Deal prioritizes green growth through resource efficiency and eco-innovation to achieve the transition in a sustainable and inclusive growth orbit. To monitor progress in such endeavor the EU Resource Efficiency Scoreboard was launched. Focusing on the resource productivity, which is the main sustainability development indicator and policy evaluation tool for Europe and the eco-innovation performance of the EU-28 over a twenty-year period, from 2000 though 2019, we explore convergence patterns and club formation. Descriptive analysis via growth rates of the resource productivity and eco-innovation indicates productivity differentials among the countries giving rise to heterogeneity groups. Econometric results using convergence algorithms advocate in favor of convergence for both variables. However, convergence clubs surface highlighting that there is heterogeneity to consider when designing policies to promote sustainability transition to ensure that no one is left behind serving the priority of inclusive and sustainable growth. |
| Keywords: | Resource Productivity, Eco-Innovation, Sustainability, Convergence, Technological Heterogeneity, European Green Deal |
| Date: | 2022–12–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2233&r=env |
| By: | Eleftherios Giovanis (Aydin Adnan Menderes University); Oznur Ozdamar (Izmir Bakircay University) |
| Abstract: | Drought has erupted across the Middle-East, as a result of climate change and global warming, leading to a considerable reduction in rainfall and snowfall, as well as a substantial drop in water resources. Climate change is, without a doubt, one of Iraq’s most pressing issues, with considerable negative consequences for the environment, water resources, and the economy, particularly in the agricultural sector. With a growing global population and other factors, the effects of climate change, water ownership and distribution will certainly become more critical. The EuphratesTigris water basin is a major source of water supply for Turkey and Iraq, where the latter is a downstream riparian country and the former is an upstream country. Turkey is most vulnerable to climate change as the country will experience a substantial decline in the annual surface runoff. However, Turkey will suffer less than Iraq, which as a downstream country, relies primarily on the water released by Turkey as the upstream country. The empirical analysis relies on data from the Iraqi Household Socio-Economic Survey (IHSES) conducted in 2012 and the 2017 Rapid Welfare Monitoring Survey. We apply simultaneous unrelated regressions equations (SURE) with Probit models. We further extend the analysis by incorporating an instrument variables (IV) approach considering the population of the nearest Turkish city to where the dam is located, the water capacity, and the distance between this dam and the respondent’s governorate in Iraq. Similarly, we construct other two instruments considering the distance between the dams in Iraq and in Syria and the nearest governorate along with the dams’ water capacity and the population of the governorate in Iraq. The findings show a significant impact of climate change-related shocks on income, assets, food production and stock, and the overall economic situation of households in Iraq. |
| Date: | 2021–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1517&r=env |
| By: | Shifali Goyal (Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, New Delhi, India); Areej A. Siddiqui (Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, New Delhi, India) |
| Abstract: | This study tries to estimate the carbon emissions embodied in India’s exports to five of its major trading partners, i.e., USA, UAE, Hong Kong, China and Bangladesh, for the year 2015.In order to quantify the same, Bilateral Trade Input-Output (BTIO) model is being used. The study found huge emission embodiment in India’s exports, and also calculated the emission intensity of the goods exported. Once the calculation of emissions embodied in exports is done, the paper further highlights that carbon emissions embodied in India’s exports is not determined by just the quantum of the goods exported, but composition of goods traded and emission intensity of the traded goods also have a substantial impact over emission embodiment. Hence, the study suggests to shift India’s energy consumption patterns from carbon intensive ones to the cleaner and renewable ones, and to reduce its emission intensity |
| Keywords: | Carbon emissions, Bilateral Trade, Input-Output Analysis, Bilateral Trade Input-Output Model (BTIO) |
| JEL: | C67 F18 F64 Q56 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ift:wpaper:2156&r=env |
| By: | Mazzone, Daniel; Smith, Aaron; Witcover, Julie |
| Abstract: | Biodiesel and hydrotreated renewable diesel (RD)—or collectively biomass-based diesel (BBD)—have become integral components of compliance with policies aiming to reduce U.S. transportation sector greenhouse gas emissions. Such policies include the U.S. Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS), and Oregon’s Clean Fuel Program (CFP). These policies, along with a federal Blender’s BBD Tax Credit (BTC), provide financial incentives for BBD. In this white paper, the authors study pass-through of implicit taxes and subsidies, introduced by federal and state policies, to a variety of diesel and soy biodiesel fuel prices in the context of the U.S. diesel sector, focusing on fossil diesel and soy biodiesel. They apply time series methods techniques to estimate how a variety of diesel fuel price spreads across the country and in California and Oregon responds to changes in the implicit taxes placed on petroleum diesel and the implicit subsidies awarded to biodiesel. The results presented in this paper point to some inefficiencies in the RFS, LCFS, and CFP. The primary contribution of this paper was providing the first set of estimates of pass-through of LCFS implicit taxes and subsidies, and doing so for the diesel sector, a critical player in LCFS compliance. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Business, Law, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Low Carbon Fuel Standard, Clean Fuels Program, Renewable Fuel Standard, biodiesel, pass-through, imperfect competition, climate change, carbon markets |
| Date: | 2022–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt7vx4c5wr&r=env |
| By: | Christine Merk; Gernot Wagner |
| Abstract: | ‘Moral hazard’ links geoengineering to mitigation via the fear that either solar geoengineering (solar radiation management, SRM) or carbon dioxide removal (CDR) might crowd out the desire to cut emissions. We test moral hazard versus its inverse in the first large-scale, revealed-preference experiments (n~340,000) and find that only extreme political messages lead to either outcome for some. Our results indicate the importance of actors and reasoned narratives of geoengineering to help guide public discourse. |
| Keywords: | climate change, geoengineering, moral hazard, revealed preference |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10104&r=env |
| By: | Awa Traoré (University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal); Cheikh T. Ndour (University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal); Simplice A. Asongu (Yaoundé, Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | The present study complements the extant literature by assessing how environmental sustainability can be promoted by means of policies that entail the simultaneous implementation of six governance dynamics, notably, political governance (political stability/ no violence and ‘voice & accountability’), economic governance (government effectiveness and regulatory quality) and institutional governance (corruption-control and the rule of law). The study focuses on 44 African countries for the period 2000 to 2020 and the empirical evidence is based on the generalized method of moments (GMM). The findings show that while the individual governance indicators positively influence carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, the combined or composite governance indicator has a negative effect on CO2 emissions. Moreover, urbanization, economic growth, trade and foreign investment promote CO2 emissions while information and communication technology in terms of mobile phone subscriptions and internet penetration have the opposite effect. Policy implications are discussed. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions, ICT, governance, urbanization, GMM model |
| JEL: | C33 C52 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:23/002&r=env |
| By: | Thanh Viet Nguyen (University of Akureyi); Simioni Michel (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, TSE-R - Toulouse School of Economics - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Hung Trung Vo (Thu Dau Mot University - Partenaires INRAE) |
| Abstract: | Rice production is central to the Vietnamese economy, not only in terms of contribution to Vietnam's GDP, but also to the food security of its population. However, Vietnam is one of the countries most threatened by climate change in the coming decades, and its rice production in particular. This paper focuses on rice yields and investigates their evolution over time and between provinces over the period 1987-2015, depending on climatic conditions. Special attention is devoted to the impact of heat stress. This impact is measured taking into account the potential adaptation of farmers to these extreme events. To this end, a dynamic production function allowing for spatial and temporal heterogeneity in rice yield responses of to climatic conditions is estimated. Data descriptive analysis shows that the provinces with favorable conditions for rice growth are also those that face the most risk of heat stress. Estimation results show that these provinces adapt to heat stress conditions and that their adaptation eort begins to decrease when heat stress risk becomes too high. Taking adaptation into account then makes it possible to qualify the forecasts made regarding rice yields in the presence of climate change. |
| Keywords: | Rice yield,Climate change,Adaptation,Vietnam,Large panel data,Mean observation |
| Date: | 2022–11–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03886070&r=env |
| By: | Matthew Agarwala (Bennett Institute for Public Policy, University of Cambridge); Matt Burke (Norwich Business School, University of East Anglia, UK); Patrycja Klusak (Norwich Business School, University of East Anglia, UK); Kamiar Mohaddes (Judge Business School & King’s College, University of Cambridge, UK); Ulrich Volz (German Development Institute, Germany); Dimitri Zenghelis (Grantham Research Institute, London School of Economics, UK) |
| Abstract: | Both the physical and transition-related impacts of climate change pose substantial macroeconomic risks. Yet, markets still lack credible estimates of how climate change will affect debt sustainability, sovereign creditworthiness, and the public finances of major economies. We present a taxonomy for tracing the physical and transition impacts of climate change through to impacts on sovereign risk. We then apply the taxonomy to the UK's potential transition to net zero. Meeting internationally agreed climate targets will require an unprecedented structural transformation of the global economy over the next two or three decades. The changing landscape of risks warrants new risk management and hedging strategies to contain climate risk and minimise the impact of asset stranding and asset devaluation. Yet, conditional on action being taken early, the opportunities from managing a net zero transition would substantially outweigh the costs. |
| Date: | 2021–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1502&r=env |
| By: | Pierre Christian Tsopmo; Suzie Imelda Foudjo; Michelle Josée Ekila Elanga |
| Abstract: | There is substantial empirical literature on the impact of climate vulnerability on economic outcomes in developing countries. However, this literature is still weak on the impact of climate vulnerability on tax revenue mobilization. To enrich the existing literature, this paper aims to investigate the effects of climate vulnerability on government revenue mobilization in a sample of 84 developing countries over the period 1995-2019. |
| Keywords: | Climate, Vulnerability, Developing countries, Government revenue, Revenue mobilization, Natural disasters |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2022-153&r=env |
| By: | Bitok, Jacob |
| Abstract: | Modern Invisible Hazard of Urban Air Environment Pollution When Operating Vehicles That Causes Large Economic Damage |
| Date: | 2022–12–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:45kta&r=env |
| By: | Maryam Ahmadi (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei); Chiara Casoli (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei); Matteo Manera (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei and Department of Economics, Management and Statistics – DEMS, University of Milano-Bicocca); Daniele Valenti (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei and Department of Environmental Science and Policy – DESP, University of Milano) |
| Abstract: | The identification of the effects of climate shocks on economic growth is central to design effective policies aiming at managing the future global climate change challenge. In this study, we investigate the effects of temperature and precipitation shocks on economic growth across different countries by means of a new methodology, namely a Bayesian Structural Global VARX model. This setup accommodates economic interpretation of the shocks and accounts for crosssectional spillovers among countries, as well as endogeneity of the climate variables with respect to the economy. Results show a high degree of heterogeneity, with some economies positively and some others negatively affected by climate shocks. In contrast with a consistent strand of the literature, according to which hot and poor countries bear the heaviest burden, we show that climate shocks may have severe effects for the economic growth of rich and cold countries as well. Furthermore, accounting for trade interdependence across countries, we document that, in response to unexpected temperature and precipitation shocks, some economies benefit from interconnections, while some others are damaged, depending on some key structural characteristics as the import-export mix, the relevant trade partners network and the level of economic development. |
| Keywords: | Climate econometrics, Bayesian Structural VARs, Identification theory, Global VARs |
| JEL: | C11 C32 O44 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2022.46&r=env |
| By: | Mehryar, Sara; Sasson, Idan; Surminski, Swenja |
| Abstract: | Cities are emerging as leading forces for climate change adaptation and resilience. Many approaches and tools have been developed and used to measure climate resilience in cities. In this study, we explore if and how such tools can be or have been used to support decision-making for building urban climate resilience. We applied a deep analysis of 27 tools developed for measuring urban climate resilience and supplemented it with semi-structured interviews with experts who implemented such tools in over 100 cities around the world. Our analysis shows that only about one-third of these tools are designed to support implementing resilience actions while the rest mainly focus on sharing knowledge and raising awareness. We also observed a prevailing focus on evaluating coping and incremental adaptation capacities (as opposed to transformative capacities) against climate risks in such tools, which tends to trigger short-term fix rather than long-term solutions. Therefore, we argue that urban climate resilience measurement tools need to 1) support action implementation processes as much as assessing outcomes, and 2) consider the enabling environment for enhancing transformative capacities as much as coping and incremental adaptation capacities of cities. Finally, we explore challenges and opportunities of implementing resilience actions drawn from end-users' insights. |
| Keywords: | decision support tools; decision-making; resilience measurement; urban climate resilience; urban governance; Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment ES/R009708/1 . |
| JEL: | Q15 |
| Date: | 2022–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:113367&r=env |
| By: | Roberto Rendeiro Martín-Cejas; Rafael Suárez Vega; Pedro Pablo Ramirez Sanchez |
| Abstract: | Current public transport supply on the Island of Lanzarote is clearly insufficient, and opportunities to substitute private automobiles are extremely limited, for residents and tourists alike. Therefore, this paper analyzes the possibility of introducing a tourist bus service to connect Lanzarote’s main tourist attractions, and it also focuses on a move towards public transport by tourists to reduce the CO2 emitted by excessive private car usage. This work assesses the impact of road transport in accessing tourist activities on Lanzarote Island and its implications for sustainable tourism development. The evaluation is based on the volume of CO2 emissions for the current tourist mobility model on the island and an alternative option such as a tourist bus route. The methodology employed here is the application of a geographical information system (GIS). The study analyzes how to manage the impact of road access to tourist sites through the implementation of a new tourist bus line. The study seeks to evaluate the design of a new bus to deliver tourists to key tourist activities on Lanzarote Island. A GIS-T algorithm is used to compare the level of CO2 emissions from the current tourist mobility model versus the implementation of a new touristic bus. The levels of pollution produced by the present system and the tourist route are compared, and different levels of demand for the new circuit are considered. We conclude that in order to reduce the current levels of emissions by around 15%, some 19.4% of the tourists that currently use hire cars would have to switch to the new tourist bus service. |
| Keywords: | sustainability; road transport; tourism activity; carbon dioxide emission; geographical information system |
| Date: | 2021–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/351788&r=env |
| By: | Julien CALAS; Etienne ESPAGNE; Antoine GODIN; Julie MAURIN |
| Abstract: | The risks associated with biodiversity loss could have severe socio-economic and financial consequences, at least as large as those imposed by climate change, in addition to interacting with them. Because of the potential threat, they pose to financial stability, Biodiversity-Related Financial Risks (BRFRs) have recently captured the attention of the financial community. As with climate risks, central banks and financial authorities might have to conduct biodiversity risk stress tests and adjust their daily operations and regulatory tools to this new normal.However, unless appropriate biodiversity scenarios are found to build a forward-looking assessment of the consequences of physical and transition shocks on industries and sectors, meaningful inclusion of Nature-Related Financial Risks (NRFRs) cannot see the light of day. This paper aims to review and compare existing quantitative biodiversity scenarios and models on a global scale that could help fulfill this role. It also offers an assessment of the path forward for research to developing scenarios for BRFRs at each step of the process: from building narratives, quantifying the impacts and dependencies, assessing the uncertainty range on the results all the way from the ecosystem to the economic and financial asset. The paper has several key findings. First, global and quantitative physical risk scenarios are almost absent; this is why it concentrates on transition scenarios of biodiversity. Second, most ecological transition scenarios are built in accordance with the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) goals, even if future land allocation varies across studies. Third, Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) do not assess the biophysical consequences of their economic growth hypothesis. Fourth, the paper highlights the need for central banks and supervisors to take into account the uncertainties inherent in both integrated models and biodiversity indicators. For the latter, the uncertainty results from measuring only a tiny fraction of global biodiversity. Finally, the study offers recommendations for central banks and financial authorities to improve their scenario selection in the shorter-term. |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2022–12–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en14856&r=env |
| By: | César Álvarez Díaz (IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de La Universidad de Cantabria, Santander); Hubert Mazurek (LPED - Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AMU - Aix Marseille Université); Jorge Rojo Gómez (IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de La Universidad de Cantabria, Santander); Natalia Sampedro Caral (IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de La Universidad de Cantabria, Santander); Elsa Cacho Taeño (IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de La Universidad de Cantabria, Santander); Eduardo García Alonso (IHCantabria - Instituto de Hidráulica Ambiental de La Universidad de Cantabria, Santander); Debra Pereira Fuentes (LPED - Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AMU - Aix Marseille Université); José Antonio Peres (LPED - Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AMU - Aix Marseille Université) |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03436448&r=env |
| By: | Julien CALAS; Etienne ESPAGNE; Antoine GODIN; Julie MAURIN |
| Abstract: | The risks associated with biodiversity loss could have severe socio-economic and financial consequences, at least as large as those imposed by climate change, in addition to interacting with them. Because of the potential threat, they pose to financial stability, Biodiversity-Related Financial Risks (BRFRs) have recently captured the attention of the financial community. As with climate risks, central banks and financial authorities might have to conduct biodiversity risk stress tests and adjust their daily operations and regulatory tools to this new normal.However, unless appropriate biodiversity scenarios are found to build a forward-looking assessment of the consequences of physical and transition shocks on industries and sectors, meaningful inclusion of Nature-Related Financial Risks (NRFRs) cannot see the light of day. This paper aims to review and compare existing quantitative biodiversity scenarios and models on a global scale that could help fulfill this role. It also offers an assessment of the path forward for research to developing scenarios for BRFRs at each step of the process: from building narratives, quantifying the impacts and dependencies, assessing the uncertainty range on the results all the way from the ecosystem to the economic and financial asset. The paper has several key findings. First, global and quantitative physical risk scenarios are almost absent; this is why it concentrates on transition scenarios of biodiversity. Second, most ecological transition scenarios are built in accordance with the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) goals, even if future land allocation varies across studies. Third, Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) do not assess the biophysical consequences of their economic growth hypothesis. Fourth, the paper highlights the need for central banks and supervisors to take into account the uncertainties inherent in both integrated models and biodiversity indicators. For the latter, the uncertainty results from measuring only a tiny fraction of global biodiversity. Finally, the study offers recommendations for central banks and financial authorities to improve their scenario selection in the shorter-term. |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2022–12–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr14855&r=env |
| By: | Joost Bats; Giovanna Bua; Daniel Kapp |
| Abstract: | We study climate risk premiums in euro area corporate bond markets. As gauges of climate risk, we distinguish between physical and transition risks using textual analysis. Our findings show that, since the Paris agreement, physical risk is significantly priced in corporate bonds with longer-term maturities. Physical risk is also priced in bonds with shorter-term maturities, but the premium is smaller and less significant. The estimated physical risk premium reflects investors demanding higher future returns on bonds that underperform during adverse physical risk shocks. Our findings also point to a sizable transition risk premium, although the transition risk estimates are insignificant. |
| Keywords: | Climate risk; physical risk; transition risk; corporate bonds |
| JEL: | G12 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dnb:dnbwpp:761&r=env |
| By: | Jon Pareliussen; Aurelien Saussay; Josh Burke |
| Abstract: | This paper presents new simulation results for the UK combining macroeconomic simulations in ThreeME, a computable general equilibrium model, with household-level micro-simulations with the aim to provide consistent estimates of macroeconomic and distributional consequences of policy action to curb greenhouse gas emissions. One main and overarching result is that if an economy-wide and significant carbon price is introduced it leads to large emission reductions. Macroeconomic and distributional consequences are very limited in comparison. Redistributing 30% of total tax revenue as a lump-sum transfer to households would ensure that a majority of income deciles in most regions increase their disposable income, with gains notably in the lower part of the income distribution. |
| Keywords: | Climate policy, general equilibrium, microsimulation, redistribution |
| JEL: | H23 H31 H32 Q52 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022–12–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1743-en&r=env |
| By: | Cavalcanti, T.; Mohaddes, K.; Nian, H.; Yin, H. |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the long-run effects of prolonged air pollution on firmlevel human capital, knowledge and innovation composition. Using a novel firm-level dataset covering almost all industrial firms engaged in science and technology activities in China, and employing a regression discontinuity design, we show that prolonged pollution significantly diminishes both the quantity and the quality of human capital at the firm level. More specifically, we show that air pollution affects firm-level human capital composition by reducing the share of employees with a PhD degree and master’s degree, but instead increasing the share of employees with bachelor’s degree. Moreover, the difference in the composition of human capital materially change the knowledge and innovation structure of the firms, with our estimates showing that pollution decreases innovations that demand a high level of creativity, such as publications and inventions, while increasing innovations with a relatively low level of creativity, such as design patents. Quantitatively, on the intensive margin, one μg/m 3 increase in the annual average PM 2.5 concentration leads to a 0.188 loss in the number of innovations per R&D employee. Overall, we show that air pollution has created a gap in human capital, knowledge, and innovation between firms in the north and south of China, highlighting the importance of environmental quality as a significant factor for productivity and welfare. |
| Keywords: | Pollution, human capital, knowledge, innovation, China |
| JEL: | O15 O30 O44 Q51 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–01–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2301&r=env |
| By: | David Obura; Sébastien TREYER |
| Abstract: | Biodiversity is a classic example of a global commons. As we enter the coming decades of a rapidly changing climate, declining biodiversity, growing human populations and economic growth, sub-Saharan Africa countries are facing an existential challenge to their security and welfare. We blend commons approaches with a new ‘shared earth’ approach to local planning, focusing on the health and benefits of nature where people live and earn their livelihoods. The approach combines conservation with livelihoods, local cultures and local institutions to generate local solutions that meet peoples needs at the same time securing biodiversity and its benefits into the future. Done right, this approach can facilitate equitable participation of local actors in larger scale and transboundary supply chains, through shared principles of equity of access to and use of nature. This approach can help African and partner countries balance their obligations globally under the Sustainable Development Goals (to 2030) and the new global biodiversity framework (to 2050), while meeting local needs for a good quality of life. |
| Keywords: | Afrique |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2022–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en14822&r=env |
| By: | Franziska Funke (Technical University of Berlin, University of Oxford [Oxford], PIK - Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung); Linus Mattauch (Technical University of Berlin, University of Oxford [Oxford], PIK - Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung); Inge van den Bijgaart (Utrecht University [Utrecht]); Charles Godfray (University of Oxford [Oxford]); Cameron Hepburn (University of Oxford [Oxford]); David Klenert (SAI - Space Applications Institute [Ispra] - JRC - European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra]); Marco Springmann (University of Oxford [Oxford]); Nicolas Treich (TSE-R - Toulouse School of Economics - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Livestock is known to contribute significantly to climate change and to negatively impact global nitrogen cycles and biodiversity. However, there has been little research on economically efficient policies for regulating meat production and consumption. In the absence of first-best policy instruments for the livestock sector, second-best consumption taxes on meat can address multiple environmental externalities simultaneously as well as improve diet-related public health. In this article, we review the empirical evidence on the social costs of meat and examine the rationales for taxing meat consumption in high-income countries. We approach these issues from the perspective of public, behavioral, and welfare economics, focusing in particular on (1) the interaction of multiple environmental externalities of meat production and consumption, (2) "alternative protein" technologies, (3) adverse effects on human health, (4) animal welfare, and (5) distributional effects of meat taxation. We present preliminary estimates of the environmental social costs associated with meat consumption and find that meat is significantly underpriced. We conclude by identifying several directions for future research on optimal meat taxation. |
| Date: | 2022–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03863442&r=env |
| By: | Bo Zhao |
| Abstract: | In New England, municipal governments provide a variety of public services that are vital to residents and businesses, such as public works, police and fire services, and general government administration. However, the region and its local governments face an increasing threat from climate change. As recorded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, New England states have become hotter and wetter and have experienced an increased number of extreme precipitation events since 1900. Rising temperatures and more frequent extreme precipitation events are projected for the region through the end of this century. These changes in weather conditions could damage public infrastructure, disrupt the delivery of public services, and increase the costs of snow removal, road maintenance, the heating and cooling of public buildings, and other local services. Using Massachusetts data from 1990 through 2019, this report examines how weather affects municipal expenditures. It finds that temperature and precipitation have a significant impact on local spending. Based on the estimated historical relationship between temperature and local spending, the report finds that municipal expenditures will increase considerably in the coming decades as a result of projected rising temperatures. These cost increases could create significant fiscal stress on municipalities and force them to raise taxes and fees. Among the findings highlighted in this report is that during the 1990–2019 period, a 1 degree Fahrenheit increase in average temperature, on average, resulted in a 3.2 percent increase in per capita municipal general-fund expenditures in Massachusetts. During the same period, a 1 per centage point increase in the percentage of days in each year with at least 1 inch of snowfall, on average, led to an increase in per capita municipal expenditures of about 0.4 percent. This report estimates that if global emissions continue to grow at their current rates, resulting in significantly higher temperatures in Massachusetts, per capita annual municipal expenditures will increase 30 percent for the 2090–2099 decade relative to average per capita annual municipal expenditures for the 1990–2019 period. Given the substantial similarities in fiscal structures and weather patterns throughout New England, these findings are likely to apply to other states in the region. This report recommends that municipalities account for climate change in their long-term municipal financial planning, since early policy actions are often more cost effective than later ones. Investing in improvements to the climate resilience of public infrastructure is important, and it is particularly urgent for New England, given how dated the region’s infrastructure systems are. |
| Keywords: | New England; NEPPC; Massachusetts; weather; climate; local government spending |
| JEL: | H72 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedbcr:95398&r=env |
| By: | Sommer, Pia; Lakner, Sebastian; Nordt, Anke; Tanneberger, Franziska; Wegmann, Johannes |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi22:329599&r=env |
| By: | Murphy, Colin |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, low-carbon fuel, Low Carbon Fuel Standard |
| Date: | 2022–12–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt0px4m8hz&r=env |
| By: | Burhan Can Karahasan (Piri Reis University, Turkey); Mehmet Pinar (Edge Hill University) |
| Abstract: | Global combat with climate change is central to policymaking. However, recent discussions underline the rising disparity of the impact of climate change for countries with different topographic conditions. Motivated by the rising importance of local differences in climatic developments, this paper aims to investigate the impact of climate change on the spatial distribution of the agriculture sector in Turkey. Using provincial data between 2004 and 2019, our findings show that climate change has a pervasive impact on the regional distribution of agricultural activities. We found out that the impact of climate change on agricultural outcomes is mainly visible through rising temperatures. Those regions with accelerating average temperature are realizing falling agricultural value-added and employment. Moreover, our findings show that the same areas also experience higher food and overall price increases. Our local variability analyses reveal the non-monotonic relationships and suggest that the negative impact of climate change is more observable in for the eastern regions. Our findings demonstrate that climate change is another factor that contributing to the west-east regional development disparities in Turkey. These results are robust to different model specifications and endogeneity of climate change. |
| Date: | 2021–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1524&r=env |
| By: | Stephen K. Dimnwobi (NnamdiAzikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria); Kingsley I. Okere (Gregory University, Uturu, Nigeria); Favour C. Onuoha (Evangel University Akaeze, Nigeria); Chukwunonso Ekesiobi (Igbariam, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | Agricultural productivity remains pivotal to the sustenance of the economies and livelihoods of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. Given the emerging threat of energy and environmental uncertainties globally, this study makes a foray into understanding the link among energy poverty, environmental degradation and agricultural productivity in 35 SSA nations in particular, and the nature of their impacts across the sub-region constituents namely; the Central, Eastern, Western and Southern sub-regional blocs in general. To begin, our identified variables comprised of the following: Energy Poverty Index, derived using the principal component analysis, agricultural value added as a share of GDP served as a measure of agricultural productivity and ecological footprint to represent environmental degradation. Subsequently, the instrumental variable generalized method of moment (IV†GMM) technique was implemented for the aggregate SSA model, while the IV-two stage least square technique was adopted for the sub-regional estimations for the Central, East, West and South African blocs respectively. Major findings from the SSA model revealed that whereas the index of energy poverty has a significant positive influence, ecological footprint exhibited an inverse and significant impact on agricultural productivity, while the Central, East, West and South African models yielded mixed results given regional disparities in economic development, regional variations in agricultural productivity and an imbalance of available resources. Policy recommendations were suggested to, among other things, transform the energy, environmental and agricultural fortunes of the region. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Productivity, SSA; Energy Poverty, Environmental Degradation, Africa’s sub-region |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:22/096&r=env |
| By: | Emre Yüksel; Hüseyin Ikizler (OSTIM Technical University); Ali Emre Mutlu (RT Presidency of Strategy and Budget) |
| Abstract: | Like many MENA countries, the factors leading to climate change in Turkey have drastically escalated in the last two decades. This paper mainly focuses on the issue of ensuring food security. We aim to examine the significance of climate shocks in Turkey's food prices. The unique structures of this paper are threefold: First, we define climate shocks as persistent deviations from the long-term mean in a region regarding temperature and precipitation due to climate change; second, controlling for possible shocks, we examine the role of climate change in food price processes; and third, we examine the causal effect of food price on per capita food expenditure based on the demand equation. We find the most prominent climate change effect on prices of bread and cereals, and other food products. The estimates of the second phase of the analysis suggest that both price and the wealth effects on food consumption increase more in regions where climate change exists than in regions with no significant change in climate figures. However, we do not observe significant differences in the wealth effect on non-food consumption among the regions. |
| Date: | 2021–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1516&r=env |
| By: | Moon, Jin-Young (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Park, Youngseok (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Na, Seung Kwon (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Lee, Sunghee (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kim, Eunmi (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 국제사회는 제품의 전 주기에 걸쳐 자원을 효율적으로 이용하고, 지속가능성을 추구하는 순환경제에 주목하고 있습니다. 제품 초기 단계에서부터 적극적으로 재사용 및 회수를 고려하는 순환경제는 파리기후협정 및 지속가능발전목표(SDGs)와도 밀접하게 관련되어 있습니다.(the rest omitted) The international community has been striving to achieve sustainable growth while efficiently using limited natural resources. In particular, major economies, including the EU, have recently pledged to achieve carbon neutrality or net zero emissions one after another, and the ‘transition to a circular economy’ is being emphasized as one of the important policy measures to achieve this long-term goal. As the use of disposable items such as masks has increased due to the spread of COVID-19, concerns about how to deal with the increased waste are also growing. In this context, this study aims to analyze global efforts to promote the circular economy, main issues in waste management, cases of response in international cooperation, and review an empirical analysis of the effectiveness of certification system on the circular economy. Based on these results, it aims to provide policy implications for Korea. Chapter 2 examines the concept and importance of the circular economy, also analyzing the efforts of major countries and multilateral organizations to promote the transition to the circular economy. In this study, the circular economy is summarized as an economic system based on basic principles including minimum resource and energy input, maximum reduction of waste emission, and long-term use of products as much as possible. As the circular economy is expected to have a positive impact on the environment, economy and society as a whole, stronger efforts are being made by the international community to pursue it. The EU mandates producers to factor in circular economy principles from the product design stage and encourages consumers to purchase products with high resource efficiency. Japan has made efforts to lead global discussions on issues of its own interest, such as the 3R(Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) initiative. In the case of the UK, the private sector is taking a prominent role, and Korea has been announcing circular economy-related laws, policies, and implementation plans since 2020. At the multilateral level, the G7 and G20 suggest the policy direction of resource management policies for member countries and recommend that their progress be monitored.(the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | 환경정책; 경제발전; Environmental policy; economic development |
| Date: | 2021–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:2021_008&r=env |
| By: | Bialek, Sylwia; Gregory, Jack; Revesz, Richard L. |
| Abstract: | While vintage differentiation is a highly prominent feature of various regulations, it can induce significant biases. We study these biases in the context of New Source Review-a program within the US Clean Air Act imposing costly sulfur dioxide (SO2) abatement requirements on new boilers but not existing ones. In particular, we empirically investigate how the differential treatment of coal boil- ers shaped the generation landscape by affecting unit utilization, retirement, and emissions. Leveraging a novel dataset covering state-level sulfur dioxide regula- tions for power plants, we show that the differentiation continued to have a strong effect even 30 years after its passage, raising the probability of surviving another year by 1.5 percentage points for grandfathered boilers and increasing their op- erations by around 800 hours annually. We estimate exempted units would have emitted a third fewer emissions per year, had they been subject to NSR. We run back-of-the-envelope calculations to assess the societal damages associated with the delayed retirements, higher utilization and higher emission rates of the grand- fathered boilers. Focusing solely on the additional SO2 emissions, we estimate annual costs of up to $ 65 billion associated with the vintage differentiation in New Source Review. |
| Keywords: | grandfathering, regulation design, Clean Air Act, power plants, coal |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:svrwwp:052022&r=env |
| By: | Doğacan Atabay (Isara); Kurt Rosentrater (ISU - Iowa State University); Sami Ghnimi (Isara, LAGEPP - Laboratoire d'automatique, de génie des procédés et de génie pharmaceutique - UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Université de Lyon - CPE - École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | We have studied the impacts of polypropylene (PP) and poly lactic acid (PLA) to quantify the differences between fossil-based and first generation biosourced plastics. Preliminary results on impact assessment from manufacturing stages suggested that the smaller the lot size and part weight of each injection molded plastic material, the higher the economic and environmental impacts. When lot size and part weight were equal, PLA performed better than PP. In three regional development scenarios, we have studied the impacts of end-of-life (EOL) options for smaller-sized and potentially landfilled single-use food packaging materials in town (population <10 k), city (population 30–250 k), and province (population >1 M) regional scales. The impacts of the change from PP to PLA as well as landfill (L) and open incineration (OI) to other EOL options, such as recycling (R), composting (CP), and incineration with energy recovery (IwE), were studied. Impacts of toxic damages are calculated as their impact on the healthcare sector. Thus, microplastics (MP) as a vector of bioaccumulation of toxins, such as dioxins, resulted in 16, 5 $/kg MP on a province scale. In the Province scenario, where L PP (90%), a mix of R and OI PP was changed to a mix of R and CP PLA resulting in 63% economic gain and 39% lower global warming potential (GWP). In the City scenario, where L PP was changed to a mix of R PP (50%), IwE PP (25%), and IwE PLA (25%) resulting in 22% economic gain and 26% lower GWP. However, the higher the waste management activities such as sorting and waste processing, the higher the high-carcinogens (+137%), high non-carcinogens (+456%), and toxic release for total air (+9%) emissions. Future work should be done to study the impacts of other toxic compounds such as food contact chemicals to compare different food packaging materials to obtain more comprehensive results. |
| Keywords: | plastic waste, circular economy, biodegradability, microplastics, bioplastics, waste management, toxic pollutant |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03788727&r=env |
| By: | Klarmann, Martin; Pade, Robin; Fichtner, Wolf; Lehmann, Nico |
| Abstract: | Climate change mitigation is one of the greatest human challenges. The associated transformation of energy supply and demand to low-carbon energy sources requires not only technical solutions, but also involves consumers and as such, represents a holistic societal process. To date, however, the energy-related behavior of consumers is poorly understood. Against this backdrop, energy panels may be a viable solution to monitor behavior and collect adequate data over long periods. Yet, consumer panels are often established at the local level, raising questions about whether a sample is representative of the population of interest. We take a first step into answering this question by comparing a local sample of household consumers from the Karlsruhe area in Southwest Germany with a sample from Germany. Our analyses are based on a sample of more than 1, 000 respondents surveyed via computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI) in summer 2021. Overall, the results show strong similarities between Karlsruhe and Germany, both in terms of sociodemographics and energy consumption behavior. Nonetheless, there are also differences between the two samples, for example, in terms of political orientation or climate concern. Future research should examine whether and to what extent these differences are relevant to subsequent analyses and how a panel can still be used to approximate the population under investigation. |
| Keywords: | Energy consumption, Citizen attitudes, Energy panel, Consumer behavior |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:kitiip:65n&r=env |
| By: | Gino Sturla; Benedetto Rocchi |
| Abstract: | The work of Rocchi and Sturla (2021) presents an analysis of the pressure of the economic system on water resources in Tuscany at the regional level; in a following development Sturla and Rocchi (2022) incorporate temporal the hydrological variability to the regional model, with endogenous effects on agricultural and water for dilution demand. In this study, spatiotemporal variability is incorporated through i) a spatial disaggregation of the economic system based on an interregional input-output model (IRIO model) of Tuscan economy, ii) a spatial disaggregation of the hydrological components based on subregional data, and iii) a spatiotemporal model for the hydrological components based on a spatial stochastic model of precipitation. The spatial analysis scale corresponds to the Local Labor System (LLS), groups of contiguous municipalities classified based on economic criteria. Using the model developed, it is estimated the extended water exploitation index (EWEI), considering the extended demand (ED) and the feasible supply (FS) of water for each LLS; 100 hydrological years are simulated using a Montecarlo procedure. A novel endogenous scarcity threshold (ST) is proposed based on the results of the model and the intra-annual economic and hydrological characteristics of each LLS. With the EWEI and the ST, the hydro-economic equilibrium (HEE) for average hydrological conditions is characterised and the opportunity cost of the HEE is estimated. The latter corresponds to the minimum reduction of regional gross output compatible with the existence HEE in all LLS. Finally, the analysis is replicated considering a hydrology scenario under climate change. |
| Keywords: | interregional input-output, hydrological variability, local economies, water stress, hydro-economic equilibrium, climate change. |
| JEL: | C67 Q25 Q50 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:frz:wpaper:wp2022_26.rdf&r=env |
| By: | Fatma Tasdemir (Sinop University); Seda Ekmen Özçelik (Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates whether the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on CO2 emissions may change depending on the data-driven estimated threshold levels for the country characteristics (CC) including human capital and governance in a panel of 13 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) economies over the 1996-2019 period. Our results strongly suggest that endogenously estimated CC thresholds matter for the environmental impact of FDI inflows. The pollution haven hypothesis which maintains that FDI inflows lead to pollution, appears to be valid for economies with weak CC. On the other hand, the pollution halo argument suggesting FDI lowers the emissions appears to be hold in countries with strong CC. The empirical findings in this study suggest that policies aiming to improve human capital and governance may be expected not only to increase the economic benefits of FDI in terms of growth but also mitigate the negative environmental impacts of FDI in the MENA region. |
| Date: | 2022–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1608&r=env |
| By: | Olegs Krasnopjorovs (LU - University of Latvia); Daniels Jukna (LU - University of Latvia); Konstantins Kovalovs (LU - University of Latvia) |
| Abstract: | Ambitious climate policy targets by developed countries towards carbon neutrality created a necessity to model the impact of climate policy on macroeconomic and socioeconomic indicators. Academic literature suggests that Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model representing the entire economy, linked with a TIMES model reflecting the energy sector in detail, proved to be an effective tool for such modelling. This article contributes to the starting point for creating such a modelling system in the University of Latvia (CGE model) and the Institute of Physical Energetics (TIMES model), focusing on the CGE model. First, it reviews the literature on the use of the CGE model and its effective link with the TIMES model to assess the economic impact of climate policy. Second, it reviews the features of the current Latvian CGE model owned by the University of Latvia, compared to its ORANI-G model prototype. Third, as a list of recommendations, it proposes a roadmap for the future development of the Latvian CGE model to be effectively linked with the TIMES model to assess the impact of climate policy on macroeconomic and socioeconomic indicators. |
| Keywords: | Computable General Equilibrium model, climate policy modelling, soft-link |
| Date: | 2022–05–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03861139&r=env |
| By: | Forcadell, Francisco Javier; Lorena, Antonio; Aracil, Elisa |
| Abstract: | Since stakeholders cannot directly observe corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts, companies attempt to back up their increasing sustainability claims by sending CSR signals. The environment in which signaling takes place influences the credibility of the signals. Among the factors that make up the signaling environment, the overall exposure of the company to different stakeholders (i.e., stakeholder scrutiny) has been neglected by the literature. Using signaling and stakeholder theories, we argue how stakeholder scrutiny shapes CSR signals' credibility. We empirically analyze a sample of 5762 firms across several sectors from 23 developed countries from 2013 to 2017. Stakeholder scrutiny exercises a positive effect on the credibility of CSR signals through a mediated-moderated impact of CSR (across environmental, social, and governance dimensions) on firm performance. |
| Keywords: | corporate financial performance; corporate social responsibility; ESG; signaling theory; stakeholder engagement; stakeholder theory |
| JEL: | J50 |
| Date: | 2022–11–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:117536&r=env |
| By: | Sigit Perdana (EPFL - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne); Marc Vielle (EPFL - Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne); Maxime Schenckery (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles) |
| Abstract: | The recent economic sanctions against Russia can jeopardise the sustainability of the European Union's (EU) energy supply. Despite the EU's strong commitment to stringent abatement targets, fossil fuels still play a significant role in the EU energy policy. Furthermore, high dependency on Russian energy supplies underlines the vulnerability of the EU energy security. Using a global computable general equilibrium model, we prove that the current EU embargo on coal and oil imported from Russia will have adverse supply effects, substantially increasing energy prices and welfare costs for the EU resident. Although it reduces emissions, extending the embargo to include natural gas doubles this welfare cost. The use of coal is likely to increase, especially with respect to EU electricity generation, given the current constraints of additional import capacities from non-Russian producers. The impact on Russia once the EU extends the sanctions to natural gas is less substantial than on the EU. Russian welfare cost will increase less than 50%, indicating that extending the current restriction to boycott Russian gas is a costly policy option. |
| Keywords: | European union,Russia,Computable general equilibrium model,Fit for 55 package,Imports ban |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03887431&r=env |
| By: | Bo Zhao |
| Abstract: | While there is a new and rapidly growing literature on the effects of climatic factors on economic and social outcomes, little research has been conducted to understand the fiscal impact of weather, especially at the sub-state level. Using data from Massachusetts municipalities from 1990 through 2019, this paper estimates government spending as a function of temperature and precipitation while controlling for municipality and year fixed effects and municipality-specific time trends. The results show that weather has statistically significant and economically meaningful effects on local government spending. A 1 degree Fahrenheit increase in the average temperature results in a 3.2 percent increase in real per capita total general fund expenditures. Some government functions, such as public works and general government, are affected more by weather than others. The impact of weather may be persistent and heterogeneous across municipalities. There is some evidence that municipalities adapt to rising temperatures over time. |
| Keywords: | weather; climate; local government spending |
| JEL: | H72 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedbwp:95396&r=env |
| By: | Bassam Yousif (Indiana State University); Omar El-Joumayle; Jehan Baban |
| Abstract: | This paper utilizes research on Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus to study the relationships between Iraq’s water (requirement and supply), energy (the oil and gas sector), and food production. We survey environmental conditions and note that the quality and availability of water have declined over the last decades, which have posed threats to public health, environmental sustainability, and food security. We next use a variety of data sources to study the interlinkages between these three sectors, including water-energy-food indexes, and explore the state of the agriculture and oil sectors. We point out that water is a key input into both agricultural production and oil extraction, mediating the energy and food sectors and acting to constrain and make rival food and energy outputs. We offer policy recommendations classified into those that seek to overcome internal barriers and others geared towards external constraints. |
| Date: | 2022–08–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1564&r=env |
| By: | Hala Abou-Ali (Cairo University); Ronia Hawash (Butler University); Rahma Ali (New York University); Yasmine Abdelfattah (University of Prince Edward Island) |
| Abstract: | Climate change and its expected consequences have been a growing global concern. This study aims to examine the impact of changes in climate indicators on labor supply in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. We use different datasets, including the Integrated Labor Market Panel Surveys of Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia spanning the period 2006-2018 matched with a globally gridded climate dataset to test the impact of changes in temperature, humidity, and precipitation on weekly labor working hours. We differentiate between “high-risk” groups engaged in economic activities with higher exposure to climate and “low-risk” groups with relatively less exposure to climate. Our results indicate that changes in temperature and humidity have a significant impact on labor working hours, whereas precipitation had no significant effect; yet, the marginal impact of changes in temperature and humidity differs between high-risk and low-risk groups. The results show that working hours are impeded by heat and humidity after a specific threshold. |
| Date: | 2021–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1515&r=env |
| By: | Park, Joungho (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kang, Boogyun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kim, Seok Hwan (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies); Kwon, Won Soon (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies); Kovsh, Andrey (Saint Petersburg State University) |
| Abstract: | 본 연구는 천연가스와 수소 분야를 중심으로 한국과 러시아 간의 새로운 에너지 협력방안을 모색하는 데 핵심 목표를 두고 있다. 특히 지구촌 차원에서 본격화되고 있는 기후변화와 탈탄소화 등 국제 에너지 환경 변화를 반영한 새로운 에너지 협력 방향과 과제를 제시하고자 했다. This study explores new directions for energy cooperation between Korea and Russia, focusing on the areas of natural gas and hydrogen. In particular, we derive new directions and tasks for energy cooperation between the two countries, reflecting changes in the international energy environment, such as climate change and decarbonization, which are in full swing at the global level. In Chapter 2, this paper examines the geopolitics of energy coming into the 21st century and Russia’s new energy strategy. First, while tracing changes in energy geopolitics and hegemony in the 21st century, we analyzed changing factors that directly or indirectly affect the new hegemony structure, such as technological development, the growth of alternative energy markets, and climate change issues. Then, we reviewed the main contents and points of Russia’s Energy Strategy to 2035 and hydrogen energy development plan, identifying the direction of Russia’s energy strategy toward Northeast Asia.In Chapter 3, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of the energy cooperation strategies of China and Japan, major Northeast Asian countries, with Russia. In particular, we comprehensively reviewed the progress, major achievements and characteristics of China and Japan’s cooperation with Russia in the natural gas sector. In addition, this study draws policy implications for Korea based on a careful review of energy policy directions for Russia pursued by China and Japan, which have recently declared carbon neutrality.Chapter 4 comprehensively evaluates Korea’s energy strategy andKorea-Russia energy cooperation. Korea’s energy cooperation with Russia has been an area of great interest since the early days of diplomatic relations between Korea and Russia. However, looking at the overall situation so far, energy cooperation between the two countries has had nearly no remarkable achievements other than the Korea Gas Corporation introducing natural gas from Sakhalin. Cooperation between the two countries in the field of gas remains at the level of commercial relations based on purchases and sales. In this regard, we proposed a plan for Korea-Russia cooperation that reflects changes in the new energy market.(the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | 경제협력; 에너지산업; economic cooperation; energy industry |
| Date: | 2021–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:2021_013&r=env |
| By: | Nicolas Guichard,; Christian de Gromard,; Jérémy Gasc,; Étienne Espagne,; Martin Buchsenschutz,; Benoît Gars,; Laetitia Labaute. |
| Abstract: | L’Afrique, dont les capacités de production solaire photovoltaïque (PV) sont aujourd’hui faibles comparativement aux autres continents, alors que la ressource solaire y est abondante, connaîtra au cours des prochaines années un « changement d’échelle », c’est-à-dire une forte accélération du rythme de réalisation des centrales PV raccordées aux réseaux électriques, selon les projections établies par l’International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) et dans la perspective d’un alignement avec les trajectoires de l’Accord de Paris et des objectifs de développement durable (ODD). |
| Keywords: | Afrique |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2022–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr14823&r=env |
| By: | IGEI Kengo; KUROKAWA Hirofumi; ISEKI Masato; KITSUKI Akinori; KURITA Kenichi; MANAGI Shunsuke; NAKAMURO Makiko; SAKANO Akira |
| Abstract: | We examined the effectiveness of nudge and boost in environmental education classes on students’ attitudes toward environmental issues and energy-saving behaviors. We randomly assigned the target of this study, students in 8 primary schools and 6 junior high schools, with four types of interventions: receiving only environmental education (the control group), education with either nudges (goal-setting of energy-saving actions) or boosts (playing a game with “the tragedy of the commons†setting) only, and education with both nudges and boosts. We confirmed that students subject to boosts significantly became more environmentally conscious in the game and set more goals in the nudge task. The follow-up survey one month after the intervention revealed that students who set more targets in the nudge and boost group showed higher energy-saving awareness and environmental attitudes and took more energy-saving actions and reduced water consumption at home. We also found that even three months after the intervention, students who set more goals in the nudge and boost group were more energy conscious and implemented more energy-saving actions, and reduced water consumption at home. |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:22111&r=env |
| By: | Hao, Peng; Liu, Haishan; Liao, Yejia; Boriboonsomsin, Kanok; Barth, Matthew J |
| Abstract: | Goods movement accounts for a significant and growing share of urban traffic, energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). This project investigated the vehicle miles travelled (VMT) and emissions impact of on-demand food delivery under different COVID-19 pandemic periods and multiple operational strategies, with real-world scenarios set up in the city of Riverside, California. The evaluation results showed that during COVID-19 the total VMT and pollutant emissions (CO2, CO, HC, NOx) incurred by eat out demand all decreased by 25% compared with the before-COVID-19 period. The system can achieve substantial reductions in vehicle trips and emissions with higher penetration of on-demand delivery. From the dynamic operation perspective, the multi-restaurant strategy (allow food orders to be bundled from multiple restaurants in one driver’s tour) can bring 28% of VMT and emissions reductions while avoiding introducing additional delay compared to the one-restaurant policy (only allow food orders from the same restaurant to be bundled in one driver’s tour). The research results indicate that the delivery platform should provide more reliable service with lower cost to increase the food delivery penetration level, which needs improvement in driver capacity management, eco-friendly delivery strategy, and efficient order allocation system. Meanwhile, to achieve maximum VMT and emissions reduction, the platform should encourage order bundling and employ a multi-restaurant policy to provide higher flexibility to group food orders, especially from restaurants located densely in one shopping plaza or commercial zone. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, shared mobility, on-demand food delivery, sustainability, emission evaluation |
| Date: | 2022–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt89c461pv&r=env |
| By: | Alice Guittard (ICRE8); Ebun Akinsete (ICRE8); Elias Demian; Phoebe Koundouri; Lydia Papadaki; Xenia Tombrou |
| Abstract: | Marine litter is a worldwide issue affecting local communities with increasing environmental and economic impacts. Here we propose the use of a participative system-based approach to co-design with local stakeholders a roadmap tackling Single-Use-Plastic in the hospitality industry of small touristic islands. By focusing on the whole social-ecological system, it allows a better understanding of the local context and interactions between the different components of the system highlighting key local challenges, barriers and enablers for transformative change while co-developing a tailor-made portfolio of innovations and policies to reach a free SUP island status by 2050. The methodology was applied in small Greek islands in the Mediterranean Sea. Policy, industry, civil society and academia were involved in a participative co-creation process to co-identify the best mix of policy instruments and innovation (social and technological) adapted to the local island context, able to foster behavioural change (from consumers and local businesses perspective), reducing plastic consumption and littering in the island. Lack of knowledge and awareness, limited financial resources and expertise, low efficiency of the waste management system are the main challenges. A mix of policy instruments specifically targeting consumers (island inhabitants and tourists), local hospitality business owners and the municipality was identified. A combination of actions based on the Circular Economy reduce, reuse, recycle principles, including raising awareness actions (information and clean-up campaigns), economic incentives (deposit-refund schemes, pay-as-you-throw, reward as you reduce principles), capacity building (circular economy training for professionals, community events) and partnership within the quadruple helix was adopted to form the basis of the municipal island free SUP strategy. |
| Keywords: | marine litter, participative approach, co-production, system thinking, single-useplastic, island |
| Date: | 2022–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2236&r=env |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Konstantinos Dellis |
| Abstract: | The notion of Human Security has regained traction in the public domain, mostly following the disruptive impact of the global pandemic and the geopolitical tensions in Eastern Europe. The concept, however, was molded during the second half of the twentieth century, as scholars, policy makers and the public became ever more disillusioned with the focus on national security that dominated the public domain. The pressing issues of climate change, health challenges and human rights violations in the 21st century have resulted in elevated policy attention and resources for these issues in the form of targeted reports, concepts, metrics, empirical and theoretical research. Having said that, the introduction, monitoring and implementation of the SDGs within the UN 203o Agenda is inherently related to the concept of human security and its components This paper attempts to briefly summarize the methods and concepts of the reports germane to human security and its classifications. In addition, we provide an initial conceptual mapping of the proposed measures to the Sustainable Development Goals. The process provides ample fodder for future research on the interlinkages between human security measures and all 169 targets within the SDGs using up-to-date machine learning techniques. |
| Keywords: | Human Security, Sustainable Development Goals, Economic Development |
| JEL: | F63 I31 O15 |
| Date: | 2022–12–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2234&r=env |
| By: | Sophie Michel (Humanis - Hommes et management en société / Humans and management in society - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg); Arnim Wiek (ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF SUSTAINABILITY TEMPE USA - Partenaires IRSTEA - IRSTEA - Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources - University of Freiburg [Freiburg]); Lena Bloemertz (Department of Environmental Sciences [Basel] - Unibas - University of Basel); Basil Bornemann (Unibas - University of Basel); Laurence Granchamp (LINCS - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire en études culturelles - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UR ETTIS - Environnement, territoires en transition, infrastructures, sociétés - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Cyril Villet (CREGO - Centre de Recherche en Gestion des Organisations - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UB - Université de Bourgogne - UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] - UFC - Université de Franche-Comté - UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE]); Lucía Gascón (Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources - University of Freiburg [Freiburg]); David Sipple (Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources - University of Freiburg [Freiburg]); Nadine Blanke; Jörg Lindenmeier (University of Freiburg [Freiburg]); Magali Gay-Para (Eurométropole de Strasbourg) |
| Abstract: | Conventional food systems continue to jeopardize the health and well-being of people and the environment, with a number of related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) still far from being reached. Food Policy Councils (FPCs)—since several decades in North America, and more recently in Europe—have begun to facilitate sustainable food system governance activities among various stakeholders as an explicit alternative to the shaping of food systems by multinational food corporations and their governmental allies. In contrast to the former, FPCs pursue the goals of food system sustainability through broad democratic processes. Yet, at least in Europe, the agenda of FPCs is more an open promise than a firm reality (yet); and thus, it is widely unknown to what extent FPCs actually contribute to food system sustainability and do so with democratic processes. At this early stage, we offer a comparative case study across four FPCs from the Upper-Rhine Region (Freiburg, Basel, Mulhouse, Strasbourg)—all formed and founded within the past 5 years—to explore how successful different types of FPCs are in terms of contributing to food system sustainability and adhering to democratic and good governance principles. Our findings indicate mixed results, with the FPCs mostly preparing the ground for more significant efforts at later stages and struggling with a number of challenges in adhering to principles of democracy and good governance. Our study contributes to the theory of sustainable food systems and food democracy with the focus on the role of FPCs, and offers procedural insights on how to evaluate them regarding sustainable outcomes and democratic processes. The study also offers practical insights relevant to these four and other FPCs in Europe, supporting their efforts to achieve food system sustainability with democratic processes. |
| Keywords: | Food policy council,Sustainable food system,Food democracy,Good governance,Evaluation,food policy council,sustainable food system,food democracy,good governance,evaluation |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03846609&r=env |
| By: | Hany Abdel-Latif (Swansea University); Hala Abou-Ali (Cairo University, Egypt); Yasmine Abdelfatah (Universities of Canada, Egypt); Nada Rostom (American University Cairo, Egypt); Amal Abdelfatah (Universities of Canada, Egypt); Said Kaawach (University of Huddersfield, UK) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the coupled dynamics of climate and growth in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, considering exogenous shocks such as the COVID-19, with no presumptions on the direction of causality. We utilise temperature and precipitation departures from their historical trends to quantify climate change. We estimatecountry-specific and panel vector autoregressive models with exogenous variables to supplement existing attempts that integrate climate change in economic modelling. Our findings lend evidence to the interrelation between climate change and economic growth without ruling out bi-directional causality, a reality that many climate studies tend to overlook. |
| Date: | 2021–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1523&r=env |
| By: | Úbeda, Fernando; Mendez, Alvaro; Forcadell, Francisco Javier |
| Abstract: | Lack of access to banking and financial services appreciably hinders development, particularly in the global South. For this reason, financial inclusion is a crucial objective of the Sustainable Development Goals. One main barrier to financial inclusion is the lack of trust in banking. From a sample of 40 developing countries and 82,724 individuals, we verify that multinational banks can increase trust in banking by incorporating sustainability criteria into their business model. |
| Keywords: | sustainable banking; finance inclusion; ESG criteria; trust in banking; multinational banks; SDGs |
| JEL: | F3 G3 N0 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:117589&r=env |
| By: | Victor Champonnois (UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Olivier Chanel (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Revealed and stated preference techniques are widely used to assess willingness to pay (WTP) for non-market goods as input to public and private decision-making. However, individuals first have to satisfy subsistence needs through market good consumption, which affects their ability to pay. We provide a methodological framework and derive a simple ex post adjustment factor to account for this effect. We quantify its impacts on the WTP for non-market goods and the ranking of projects theoretically, numerically and empirically. This confirms that non-adjusted WTP tends to be plutocratic: the views of the richest – whatever they are – are more likely to impact decision-making, potentially leading to ranking reversal between projects. We also suggest that the subsistence needs-based adjustment factor we propose has a role to play in value transfer procedures. The overall goal is a better representation of the entire population's preferences with regard to non-market goods. |
| Keywords: | subsistence needs,adjustment factor,non-market valuation,value transfer,population’s preferences |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03620225&r=env |
| By: | Qu, Chunzi (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics); Bang, Rasmus Noss (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | In 2022, the EU finds itself in the midst of an energy crisis due to the outbreak of the war between Russia and Ukraine and has to accelerate its path to energy independence. Part of the EU’s strategy is to double down on the transition to a renewable-intensive energy system. However, this has raised concerns about whether the EU risks swapping one type of energy dependence for another, namely fuel import dependence for metal import dependence. This paper investigates to what extent the EU would rely on metal imports if it is to execute its current energy plan, and whether a nuclear-intensive electricity production system could be a better option. When compared to today’s electricity mix, we find that a renewable-intensive electricity mix will increase the overall energy security in the EU – the reduction in fuel import dependence more than compensates for the increase in metal import dependence. However, we also find that a nuclear-intensive electricity mix can increase the overall energy security in the EU even further. When compared to a renewable-intensive electricity mix, a nuclear-intensive mix does not only have lower metal import requirements in terms of volume and value, but also reduces risk of bottleneck problems related to rare earths and silicone. Still, even with a nuclear-intensive energy mix, the EU will still rely on metal imports, and face potential bottleneck risks in terms of chromium. |
| Keywords: | Energy policy; Energy security; Mineral security; Renewable energy; Nuclear energy; Ukraine crisis |
| JEL: | Q28 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2022–12–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhhfms:2022_014&r=env |
| By: | Christopher O’Donnell (School of Economics and Centre for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis (CEPA) at The University of Queensland, Australia) |
| Abstract: | Sustainable production requires that firms produce good outputs in ways that minimise the production of bad outputs (e.g., produce electricity in ways that minimise greenhouse gas emissions). Many decision-makers would like statisticians to measure changes in productivity in a way that will reflect well on firms that adopt sustainable production practices. In this paper I describe an approach to building so-called sustainable productivity indexes. This necessarily involves assigning weights to different inputs and outputs. I assign these weights in such a way that the indexes satisfy a set of basic axioms from index theory. I illustrate the properties of different indexes using a toy data set. I discuss ways in which statisticians can assess the sensitivity of index numbers to the choice of weights. Finally, I compute sustainable productivity index numbers for sixteen sectors of the Australian economy. |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qld:uqcepa:182&r=env |
| By: | Verweijen, Judith; Schouten, Peer; O'Leary Simpson, Fergus; Chakirwa Zirimwabagabo, Pascal |
| Abstract: | Semi-industrial mining in and near protected areas in eastern DRC exacerbates violent conflict in three ways: 1) it fosters competition between political-military networks; 2) it creates new, and exacerbates existing, conflicts; and 3) it intensifies popular grievances because of negative social and environmental impacts. In a militarized environment, conflict and competition can spark violence and foster popular support for armed groups. Measures to curb mining in protected areas need to take these different effects on conflict dynamics into consideration. Policymakers and donors need to ensure that such measures do not exacerbate conflict, competition and grievances by 1) fostering broad support for them among different (civilian and military) state agencies and at different administrative levels; 2) anticipating displacement effects; and 3) carefully assessing the impact on local livelihoods. |
| Keywords: | Kivu, DRC, DR Congo, mining, conservation |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iob:apbrfs:2022006&r=env |
| By: | Thibault Lemaire (1Banque de France & Université Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne) |
| Abstract: | Water scarcity and droughts have long characterized the Middle East and North Africa, and climate change represents an additional challenge to this region’s development prospects. Using macroeconomic and climate panel data for Arab League members, Iran and Turkey during the period 1960-–2018, this paper assesses the effects of sustained drought deviations from their historical norms on output growth in the region and shows that droughts decrease output growth in oil importing countries, with no or statistically weakly significant positive effects in oil exporting countries. These effects do not strengthen as the horizon increases and vanish after one year but do not revert in subsequent periods, leading to lasting losses in output level in oil importing countries. The agricultural sector and civil violence appear to be two of the transmission channels. The results advocate for carefully planned economic diversification in the region and shed light to associated risks. |
| Date: | 2022–09–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1578&r=env |
| By: | Mevlude Akbulut-Yuksel (Dalhousie University); Belgi Turan (TOBB University of Economics and Technology) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we study the causal effect of COVID-19 related reduction in mobility and economic activity on environment. First using spatial and temporal variation in curfews in a difference-indifferences setup and second using a regression discontinuity design, we show that ambient air quality improved following travel restrictions, public place closures and business shutdowns. Our results confirm that economic activity induces substantial negative consequences on environment and public health and highlight the need for formulating environmentally oriented strategies that harmonize economic, public health and environmental interests |
| Date: | 2022–02–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1543&r=env |
| By: | Dongwei Zhao; Sarah Coyle; Apurba Sakti; Audun Botterud |
| Abstract: | Electricity markets are transforming from the dominance of conventional energy resources (CERs), e.g., fossil fuels, to low-carbon energy resources (LERs), e.g., renewables and energy storage. This work examines market mechanisms to incentivize LER investments, while ensuring adequate market revenues for investors, guiding investors' strategic investments towards social optimum, and protecting consumers from scarcity prices. To reduce the impact of excessive scarcity prices, we present a new market mechanism, which consists of a Penalty payment for lost load, a supply Incentive, and an energy price Uplift (PIU). We establish a game-theoretical framework to analyze market equilibrium. We prove that one Nash equilibrium under the penalty payment and supply incentive can reach the social optimum given quadratic supply costs of CERs. Although the price uplift can ensure adequate revenues, the resulting system cost deviates from the social optimum while the gap decreases as more CERs retire. Furthermore, under the traditional marginal-cost pricing (MCP) mechanism, investors may withhold investments to cause scarcity prices, but such behavior is absent under the PIU mechanism. Simulation results show that the PIU mechanism can reduce consumers' costs by over 30% compared with the MCP mechanism by reducing excessive revenues of low-cost CERs from scarcity prices. |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2212.06984&r=env |
| By: | Strand, Bruce W. |
| Abstract: | Excerpts from the report: This review of large scale weather-crop yield equations applicable to NRED use suggests that: A) there is a common hydrological basis for all these weather-crop yield models and that these basic methods have been compared in literature. In addition, B) Procedures used to incorporate these basic hydrological variables tend to follow logical sequences which can be projected to almost any area which NRED seeks yield estimates. In regards to the Palmer index methods of Perrin and of Sakamoto, a comparison of these two methods has not been done but questions arise as to both their utilities. Because of the availability of the Palmer drought index data on magnetic tape for computer use for this project, a methodology based on either of these two indexes or a procedure suggested by these procedures should be employed. In conclusion, Lowrey in a review of crop-yield/weather models suggested that no really universal model is possible because of the great diversity of crops and cultural practices in the world as well as the diversity of crop-climate interactions. With this in mind, the use of dummy variables to represent "steps" in the time-series yield equation, and the selection of appropriate coefficients based on probable physiological responses to local climates appears to be a logical choice in weather-crop modeling methodology. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Productivity Analysis, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersmp:329869&r=env |
| By: | Lee, Kwon Hyung (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Son, Sung Hyun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Jang, Yunhee (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Ryou, Kwang Ho (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Lee, Dawoon (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 지난 2020년 3월 세계보건기구(WHO)가 팬데믹을 선언한 이후 기후위기에 대한 세계 각국의 공동대응 노력이 강화되었다. 2050년 탄소중립 목표를 설정함으로써 화석연료에 대한 의존도를 크게 줄이고 저탄소 에너지원을 더 많이 활용하는 에너지 전환(energy transition)을 추진하고 있는 것이다. 이에 따라 석유산업에 대한 의존도가 큰 중동 산유국은 석유산업의 다각화가 에너지전환시대에 생존하기 위한 국가 과제가 되었다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구는 사우디아라비아와 UAE를 중심으로 석유산업 다각화를 위한 주요 계획, 전략, 추진 동향 등을 살펴보고 대외협력관계 분석에 기초한 협력 수요를 파악함으로써 한-중동 석유산업 다각화 협력 확대방안을 제시하고자 한다. 이는 중동 산유국의 핵심 성장동력인 석유산업을 중심으로 미래 협력 가능성을 살펴보고, 향후 보다 심층적인 한중동 경제협력관계를 구축하는 데 기여할 것이다. 또한 그 과정에서 국내 기업이 중동에 진출하여 참여할 수 있는 새로운 사업 기회를 모색하고, 체계적인 진출 전략을 수립하는 데에도 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.(the rest omitted) <p> The aim of this research is to examine various mid-to-long termplans, policies, and business cooperation cases to promote diversification in the Middle Eastern petroleum industry, suggesting policy proposals for cooperation between Korea and the Middle East to deepen industrial diversification in the region. <p> Chapter 2 analyzes global factors that have influenced the oil industry, and examines the trends of diversification in the oil industry and characteristics of diversification in major countries. Increasing oil price volatility and the expanding efforts of the internationalcommunity to make a transition to a carbon-neutral economy haveacted as a factor in diversifying the oil industry. As the trend of low oil prices has continued since the second half of 2014, the raw materials for manufacturing petrochemical products have become available at cheaper prices, and this has led to increased investment in downstream sectors such as oil refining and petrochemicals. In addition, as efforts to reduce carbon emissions in the oil industry have expanded, the share of natural gas production increased, investment in hydrogen and carbon reduction technology expanded, and digital technology was actively introduced to increase the efficiency of oil industry operations. In the downstream sector, the United States is focusing on ethylene production using ethane derived from shale gas, and China is continuing its efforts to expand facilities and diversify feed stocks to improve its own production capacity. In the area of hydrogen and carbon reduction, European countries such as Norway and Germany, along with the United States, China, and Russia, are increasing investments in hydrogen utilization and green hydrogen technology development.(the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | 경제협력; 에너지산업; economic cooperation; energy industry |
| Date: | 2021–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:2021_002&r=env |
| By: | Alice Di Bella; Massimo Tavoni |
| Abstract: | In order to mitigate the impacts of the energy crise, the European Union has proposed various measures. For the power sector a directive prescribes a shift of 5% of the demand in 10% of the peak hours, plus a voluntary 10% overall demand reduction. Here we use a power system model to quantify the implications of this policy for the Italian power sector, as it stands today and under the transformation required to meet the climate goals of the Fit-for-55. We find that policymakers would need to incentivize electricity consumption in the middle of the day while discouraging it in the early morning and late afternoon. We also highlight the benefits of the decarbonization strategy in the context of uncertain gas prices: for a gas price at or above 50 euro/MWh, power generation through gas is reduced by more than one third, approaching what needed to comply with the Fit-for-55. Finally, we quantify the value of demand side management strategies to curb fossil resource consumption and to reduce curtailed electricity under a high renewable scenario. |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2212.06744&r=env |
| By: | Jann Michael Weinand; Jan G\"opfert; Julian Sch\"onau; Patrick Kuckertz; Russell McKenna; Leander Kotzur; Detlef Stolten |
| Abstract: | Recent events mean that the security of energy supplies is becoming more uncertain. One way to achieve a more reliable energy supply can be decentralised renewable off-grid energy systems, for which more and more case studies are conducted in research. This review gives a global overview of the costs, in terms of levelised cost of electricity (LCOE), for these autonomous energy systems, which range from $0.03/kWh to about $1.00/kWh worldwide in 2021. The average LCOEs for 100% renewable energy systems have decreased by 9% annually between 2016 and 2021 from $0.54/kWh to $0.29/kWh, presumably due to cost reductions in renewable energy and electricity storage. Our overview can be employed to verify findings on off-grid systems, and to assess where these systems might be deployed and how costs are evolving. |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2212.12742&r=env |
| By: | Louzao, Eleonora; Zanfrillo, Alicia Inés; Arraigada, Mariana Cecilia |
| Abstract: | La Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible de Naciones Unidas reconoce a los voluntarios como actores clave para alcanzar los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS). Trabajar en los programas de voluntariado corporativo (PVC) como una forma de integrar estos objetivos a las estrategias de RSE es una gran oportunidad para la gestión empresarial. Bajo un diseño cuantitativo descriptivo, se realizó análisis de contenido en los website de las empresas del ranking MERCO 2020 de Argentina para conocer el desarrollo de PVC y sus características. Los resultados muestran un amplio número de empresas sin publicaciones sobre PVC y menos aún, una vinculación explícitamente comunicada entre éstos y los ODS. Así, se recomienda a las organizaciones trabajar en el desarrollo de planes estratégicos de comunicación integral de PVC para una mayor visibilidad y su posible replicación. De esta forma, se puede favorecer la continua generación de valor compartido y una significativa contribución al logro de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS). |
| Keywords: | Voluntariado Corporativo; Responsabilidad Social; Empresas; |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:3733&r=env |
| By: | Rajapakshe, Sisira; Termansen, Mette; Paavola, Jouni |
| Abstract: | Access to quality and adequate water supply is a basic need to sustain human life. Health risk of unsafe drinking water is a serious issue in many poor and underserved communities in developing countries. Therefore, the improvements of the health status of the people are considered as one of the main justifications of promoting investment in water infrastructure. People take a number of coping strategies for water service improvement and the expenditures on such measures implicitly reflect their preferences for water service improvements. This paper leads to estimation of the benefits of water service improvements using the Averting Expenditure Method. This study examines the determinants of averting actions and the prevailing health impacts using the Probit models aiming to examine why some households practice averting measures and have experienced with health impacts while others not. Study found that the respondent’s socio-economic attributes significantly determine the choice of averting behaviours. Then this study calculates the monitory values of number of averting measures and it was found that the mean averting expenditures of the household are Rs. 577 and Rs,. 740 per month respectively the households connected to the system and un-connected to the system. piped households spending an average about Rs. 500 per month as a damage cost of water related health impacts which is unseen but part of the real cost of lack of access to good quality water supply. Study conclude that the WTP estimates are much higher than the payments for existing piped schemes hence cost of clean and consistent water supply could be finance through a user payment scheme. |
| Keywords: | Water quality, health impacts, averting behaviors, averting expenditures, willingness to pay. |
| JEL: | Q51 |
| Date: | 2022–12–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:115623&r=env |
| By: | Amira Elayouty (Cairo University); Hala Abou-Ali (Cairo University); Ronia Hawash (Butler University) |
| Abstract: | Children’s nutritional status is expected to be negatively impacted by global climate change given their relative vulnerability to food insecurity shocks. The developing countries in Africa are relatively even more vulnerable to these negative impacts. This study investigates the impact of climate change on the geographical variation of the prevalence of stunting among children under the age of five in the Nile basin region using the Demographic and Health Surveys of the three countries Egypt, Ethiopia and Uganda. Survey data is spatially and temporally merged with high resolution climate change datasets to investigate whether and how the change in temperatures and precipitation has an influence on children’s malnutrition. The prevalence of stunting among children under five years of age and its socioeconomic determinants are modelled using Bayesian geospatial regression model. The prevalence and determinants of stunting varied across Egypt, Ethiopia, and Uganda. The result of this paper highlights the fact that social policies and public health interventions targeted to reduce the burden of childhood stunting should consider geographical heterogeneity and adaptable risk factors. |
| Date: | 2022–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1613&r=env |
| By: | Maren Springsklee; Fabian Scheller |
| Abstract: | This research article explores potential influencing factors of solar photovoltaic (PV) system adoption by municipal authorities in Germany in the year 2019. We derive seven hypothesized relationships from the empirical literature on residential PV adoption, organizational technology adoption, and sustainability policy adoption by local governments, and apply a twofold empirical approach to examine them. First, we explore the associations of a set of explanatory variables on the installed capacity of adopter municipalities (N=223) in an OLS model. Second, we use a logit model to analyze whether the identified relationships are also apparent between adopter and non-adopter municipalities (N=423). Our findings suggest that fiscal capacity (measured by per capita debt and per capita tax revenue) and peer effects (measured by the pre-existing installed capacity) are positively associated with both the installed capacity and adoption. Furthermore, we find that institutional capacity (measured by the presence of a municipal utility) and environmental concern (measured by the share of green party votes) are positively associated with municipal PV adoption. Economic factors (measured by solar irradiation) show a significant positive but small effect in both regression models. No evidence was found to support the influence of political will. Results for the role of municipal characteristics are mixed, although the population size was consistently positively associated with municipal PV adoption and installed capacity. Our results support previous studies on PV system adoption determinants and offer a starting point for additional research on non-residential decision-making and PV adoption. |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2212.05281&r=env |
| By: | Kwon , Yul (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Yoo, Aila (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing geopolitical conflicts have deteriorated socio-economic conditions all around the world. As developing countries in Asia have made enormous progress in economic and social development based on the stable ground for growth, the development gap within the region has also been expanded. In addition, the region’s socio-economic conditions have become worse after the pandemic. Along with the pandemic crisis, there are several issues that have negatively influenced the region’s sustainable growth, such as climate change and climate-related natural disasters, and conflicts. These multiple crises change the development needs in the region, and cannot be solved through the efforts of any sole country but must be tackled through regional cooperation. While Korea strengthens its strategic approach for regional economic cooperation to expand its partnership with emerging countries and its Official Development Assistance (ODA) volume is highly concentrated in Asia region, Korea still focuses on cooperation with each country based on priority countries’ Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) without any integrated regional cooperation strategy. Strengthening inclusive partnerships would be a key to reduce the development gap in the region, by supporting regional programs such as the ASEAN Connectivity and Mekong Subregion development projects. To improve policy coherence and tackle the region-wide problems, Korea should adopt an integrated regional cooperation approach by reflecting the characteristics of Asia. This study analyzes changes in the socio-economic conditions and development environment in the Asia region and provides policy implications for preparing regional cooperation strategy for Asia. |
| Keywords: | ODA Policy; Regional Cooperation Strategy |
| Date: | 2022–08–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:2022_031&r=env |
| By: | Antoine Fontaine (EVS - Environnement Ville Société - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon - Mines Saint-Étienne MSE - École des Mines de Saint-Étienne - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon - INSA Lyon - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - Université de Lyon - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - UJM - Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - ENSAL - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Laurence Rocher (EVS - Environnement Ville Société - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon - Mines Saint-Étienne MSE - École des Mines de Saint-Étienne - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon - INSA Lyon - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - Université de Lyon - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - UJM - Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - ENSAL - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Waste heat from industry or urban facilities represents a largely underused and long disregarded energy source, while heating and cooling count for half the final energy demand in Europe. From the early 2010s onwards, waste heat recovery (WHR) is being recognized as a key challenge for energy transition and tends to be integrated into energy strategies at different levels. This paper provides an analysis of how WHR became a matter of public policy in Europe and in France. Based on a literature review, the analysis shows that WHR has been framed as a techno-economic problem, while some barriers (legal, organizational) to its development remain largely unaddressed. A study of European and French energy agendas illustrates how WHR progressively started to be recognized as an energy resource next to renewables. As a result, questions are raised as to further social science contributions to an extended research agenda addressing WHR |
| Keywords: | Waste heat recovery,Energy policy,Europe,France,Research agenda |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-02971862&r=env |
| By: | Louis Boisgibault (ENeC - Espaces, Nature et Culture - UP4 - Université Paris-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Climate is the statistical distribution of the conditions of the earth's atmosphere in a given region during a given period. It invites itself to the corporate boards of directors. |
| Abstract: | Le climat est la distribution statistique des conditions de l'atmosphère terrestre dans une région donnée pendant une période donnée. Il s'invite dans les conseils d'administration des entreprises. |
| Date: | 2022–10–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03833115&r=env |
| By: | François Facchini (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Parce que les libéraux, à juste titre, redoutent les politiques étatiques liberticides, ils sont dubitatifs sur l'ensemble des discours catastrophistes qui entourent le constat d'une partie des sciences du climat et de l'écologie, c'est-à-dire, la science de l'équilibre et de la préservation des milieux. Face à l'urgence climatique ou à la sixième extinction ; face à la catastrophe qui vient ils peuvent adopter deux attitudes.1) Le libéral peut arguer que les fondements de ce catastrophisme ne tiennent pas. Les hommes n'y sont pour rien dans l'évolution du climat, voire, la situation écologique a plutôt tendance à s'améliorer. 2) Il peut aussi prendre au sérieux ces menaces et estimer que si l'on se soucie vraiment du bien-être de l'espèce humaine dans un environnement nécessairement changeant, il faut se détourner des politiques coercitives mises en œuvre par les gouvernements (et les organismes internationaux) et faire confiance à l'initiative privée et au progrès scientifique.Tous les libéraux sont enclins naturellement à adhérer à la seconde ligne d'attaque (ou de défense de nos libertés). Mais, fait intéressant, bon nombre de libéraux ont également mis en avant la première ligne de défense : « il n'y a pas de problème ! » Cet article soutient que le pouvoir de la liberté peut être utilisé pour faire face au changement climatique. Il explique, dans une première partie, pourquoi il n'est pas pertinent de répondre au catastrophisme de l'écologie politique et du néo-socialisme par la négation des problèmes environnementaux et du changement climatique en particulier (1). Il développe dans une seconde section les raisons qui conduisent à penser que les solutions privées existent et sont probablement plus efficaces que les solutions globales fondées sur la recherche hypothétique d'un accord international (2). |
| Keywords: | liberté, climatique, politiques de prévention, politques d'adaptation, droit de propriété, innovation verte |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-03870801&r=env |
| By: | François Facchini (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Parce que les libéraux, à juste titre, redoutent les politiques étatiques liberticides, ils sont dubitatifs sur l'ensemble des discours catastrophistes qui entourent le constat d'une partie des sciences du climat et de l'écologie, c'est-à-dire, la science de l'équilibre et de la préservation des milieux. Face à l'urgence climatique ou à la sixième extinction ; face à la catastrophe qui vient ils peuvent adopter deux attitudes.1) Le libéral peut arguer que les fondements de ce catastrophisme ne tiennent pas. Les hommes n'y sont pour rien dans l'évolution du climat, voire, la situation écologique a plutôt tendance à s'améliorer. 2) Il peut aussi prendre au sérieux ces menaces et estimer que si l'on se soucie vraiment du bien-être de l'espèce humaine dans un environnement nécessairement changeant, il faut se détourner des politiques coercitives mises en œuvre par les gouvernements (et les organismes internationaux) et faire confiance à l'initiative privée et au progrès scientifique.Tous les libéraux sont enclins naturellement à adhérer à la seconde ligne d'attaque (ou de défense de nos libertés). Mais, fait intéressant, bon nombre de libéraux ont également mis en avant la première ligne de défense : « il n'y a pas de problème ! » Cet article soutient que le pouvoir de la liberté peut être utilisé pour faire face au changement climatique. Il explique, dans une première partie, pourquoi il n'est pas pertinent de répondre au catastrophisme de l'écologie politique et du néo-socialisme par la négation des problèmes environnementaux et du changement climatique en particulier (1). Il développe dans une seconde section les raisons qui conduisent à penser que les solutions privées existent et sont probablement plus efficaces que les solutions globales fondées sur la recherche hypothétique d'un accord international (2). |
| Keywords: | liberté, climatique, politiques de prévention, politques d'adaptation, droit de propriété, innovation verte |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03870801&r=env |
| By: | Badi H. Baltagi (Center for Policy Research, Maxwell School, Syracuse University, 426 Eggers Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244); Georges Bresson (Department of Economics, Université Paris II, France); Anoop Chaturvedi (Department of Statistics, University of Allahabad, India); Guy Lacroix (Départment d’économique, Université Laval, Québec, Canada) |
| Abstract: | This paper extends the Baltagi et al. (2018, 2021) static and dynamic ε-contamination papers to dynamic space-time models. We investigate the robustness of Bayesian panel data models to possible misspecification of the prior distribution. The proposed robust Bayesian approach de-parts from the standard Bayesian framework in two ways. First, we consider the ε-contamination class of prior distributions for the model parameters as well as for the individual effects. Second, both the base elicited priors and the ε-contamination priors use Zellner (1986)’s g-priors for the variance-covariance matrices. We propose a general “toolbox†for a wide range of specifications which includes the dynamic space-time panel model with random effects, with cross-correlated effects à la Chamberlain, for the Hausman-Taylor world and for dynamic panel data models with homogeneous/heterogeneous slopes and cross-sectional dependence. Using an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study, we compare the finite sample properties of our proposed estimator to those of standard classical estimators. We illustrate our robust Bayesian estimator using the same data as in Keane and Neal (2020). We obtain short run as well as long run effects of climate change on corn producers in the United States. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Crop Yields, Dynamic Model, ε-Contamination, Panel Data, Robust Bayesian Estimator, Space-Time |
| JEL: | C11 C23 C26 Q15 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:max:cprwps:254&r=env |
| By: | Sakketa, Tekalign Gutu; Herrmann, Raoul; Nkonde, Chewe; Lukonde, Mwelwa; Brüntrup, Michael |
| Abstract: | Nucleus-outgrower schemes (NOSs) are supposed to be a particularly effective private-sector mechanism to support smallholder farmers and contribute towards mitigating the problematic aspects of pure large-scale agricultural investments. This discussion paper uses panel household survey data collected in two rounds in Zambia to analyse some agro-ecological and socio-economic impacts of the outgrower programme of one of the largest agricultural investments in Zambia: Amatheon Agri Zambia (AAZ) Limited. The descriptive results show that the type of participation in the programme varies across participants and components, with most participating in trainings. Econometric results suggest the following key findings. First, although the overall impact of the AAZ outgrower programme on the uptake of conservation agriculture practices is robust and promising, impacts on the adoption of other agricultural technologies is less obvious and the effect depends on the type of support provided. Second, the programme has had a significant impact on maize productivity promoted in the initial phase but not on the other crops - mainly oilseeds - promoted later. Third, the initially less productive farmers seem to benefit slightly more than already better performing ones. Fourth, although the impact on overall household security was insignificant, there is some suggestive evidence (although the effect is weak) that the programme has a positive effect on improving women's uptake of micronutrients. Finally, our findings show that the three components of the programme (trainings, seed loans and output purchases) have different effects on the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices and productivity, and to some extent on food security. Overall, the results suggest that NOSs, with all their risks, can play a role in the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, improving farm-level agricultural technologies, providing input credit, and thereby improving productivity and smallholder livelihoods. However, this is not automatically the case, as it crucially depends on the design and management of the project; the availability of good policies and institutions governing the rules of operation; the types of crops promoted; the duration of the project; and the political commitment of host countries, among others. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture, conservation agriculture, Nucleus-Outgrower-Schemes, large-scale agricultural investments, rural development, food security, agricultural productivity, Zambia |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:diedps:192022&r=env |
| By: | Baltagi, Badi H. (Syracuse University); Bresson, Georges (University of Paris 2); Chaturvedi, Anoop (University of Allahabad); Lacroix, Guy (Université Laval) |
| Abstract: | This paper extends the Baltagi et al. (2018, 2021) static and dynamic ?-contamination papers to dynamic space-time models. We investigate the robustness of Bayesian panel data models to possible misspecification of the prior distribution. The proposed robust Bayesian approach departs from the standard Bayesian framework in two ways. First, we consider the ?-contamination class of prior distributions for the model parameters as well as for the individual effects. Second, both the base elicited priors and the ?-contamination priors use Zellner (1986)’s g-priors for the variance-covariance matrices. We propose a general “toolbox” for a wide range of specifications which includes the dynamic space- time panel model with random effects, with cross-correlated effects à la Chamberlain, for the Hausman-Taylor world and for dynamic panel data models with homogeneous/ heterogeneous slopes and cross-sectional dependence. Using an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study, we compare the finite sample properties of our proposed estimator to those of standard classical estimators. We illustrate our robust Bayesian estimator using the same data as in Keane and Neal (2020). We obtain short run as well as long run effects of climate change on corn producers in the United States. |
| Keywords: | climate change, robust Bayesian estimator, ε-contamination, crop yields, panel data, dynamic model, space-time |
| JEL: | C11 C23 C26 Q15 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15815&r=env |
| By: | Harrison, Virden L.; Morris, W. H. M. |
| Abstract: | Excerpt from the paper: In studies of farm and non-farm firms involving more than one year in the analysis, the problem of obtaining an appropriate series of prices and yields for all enterprises is acute. This paper describes (1) a method of establishing a price, yield, and cost environment for projecting into the future the historical relation among as many crop and livestock enterprises as are desired and (2) a formula by which a second set of price, yield, and cost data may be obtained which deviates from the first set with a specified statistical precision. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries, Production Economics, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersmp:329852&r=env |
| By: | Eman Moustafa (General Authority for Investment and Free Zones); Amira El-Shal (Cairo University) |
| Abstract: | Fiscal sustainability is a major source of concern in light of successive weather and health disasters. We estimate the contemporaneous and long-run effects of weather vis-à-vis health disasters on the fiscal sustainability of 21 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) economies during 1990-2020 using two-way fixed-effects and two-step system generalized method of moments strategies. We also examine if domestic resource mobilization and external financing act as fiscal stabilizers that mitigate disaster effects. We find that weather disasters reduce the budget and overall fiscal balances by 2.1 percent and 2.2 percent instantaneously and by 5.4 percent and 6.2 percent after one year, respectively. Health disasters reduce the budget and overall fiscal balances respectively by 0.4 percent and 0.3 percent instantaneously, with no long-run effects observed. Our estimates indicate that government debt can help mitigate all types of disasters. Domestic resources from sovereign wealth funds and business taxation are more effective in mitigating the effects of weather disasters compared to external sources of finance. Countries with higher foreign reserves and net savings are better able to fiscally endure health disasters. This study emphasizes the significance of domestic resource mobilization visà-vis external sources of finance in times of disasters |
| Date: | 2021–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1520&r=env |
| By: | Ebun Akinsete (ICRE8); Alina Velias; Phoebe Koundouri |
| Abstract: | The ultimate goal of water resource management is the efficient allocation of increasingly scarce water resources. One of the most crucial and often obscure aspects of water resource management pertains to the behavioural particularities of the societal relationship with water; how people value the resource, how utility companies price the resource, and how policy makers derive financial instruments to address social dilemmas associated with common pool resources and public goods. This chapter explores the use of two complimentary approaches to derive both quantitative and qualitative data within an iterative process to provide evidence-based decision support in the sustainable management of water resources. Within this integrated approach, participatory Living Labs use small focus group settings to collect qualitative data about key phenomena. This qualitative evidence provides foundation for theoretical models that produce testable suggestions for economic experiments. The economic and behavioural experiments focus on gathering quantitative data to test a prediction, subsequently raising further questions - such as heterogeneity of behaviour, causal relationships between factors - that can be explored deeper by living labs qualitative angle. The Living Labs and Experimental Economics approaches have an iterative relationship, examples of which will be highlighted in this article. |
| Keywords: | Water, Living Labs, Experimental Economics, Stakeholder Engagement, Participatory Approaches |
| Date: | 2023–01–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2301&r=env |
| By: | Compernolle, Tine (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management); Kort, Peter M. (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management); Thijssen, Jacco J. J. (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management) |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiutis:abf6597c-1ba5-4816-a46e-8f59cb5dfb5c&r=env |
| By: | Elise Marcandella (CEREFIGE - Centre Européen de Recherche en Economie Financière et Gestion des Entreprises - UL - Université de Lorraine) |
| Abstract: | La responsabilité sociétale selon la norme ISO 26000 est définie comme la « responsabilité d'une organisation vis-à-vis des impacts de ses décisions et activités sur la société et sur l'environnement […] ». Nos investigations sur différents terrains (Pôles de compétitivité, Pôles Territoriaux de Coopération Économique, Collectivités territoriales…) nous ont amenée à nous interroger sur les limites de cette norme pour appréhender les spécificités de cette collaboration inter-organisationnelle au service d'un développement soutenable des territoires. Cet article après avoir décrit cette situation de gestion particulière propose une analyse des différents référentiels en lien avec la responsabilité sociétale mobilisables par les différents acteurs de ces projets territoriaux. Nous discutons ensuite des apports de la norme ISO 37101 (Développement durable au sein des communautés territoriales -Système de management pour le développement durable) pour aller vers une approche coopérative des acteurs territoriaux au service d'un développement soutenable des territoires. |
| Date: | 2022–12–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03895195&r=env |
| By: | Biira Salamula, Jenipher; Guerrero Calle, Josué; Dewachter, Sara; Holvoet, Nathalie |
| Abstract: | The Fuatilia Maji project has registered significant contributions to the stakeholders involved. These benefits range from skills acquisition and knowledge improvement, to empowerment of the student and community monitors, and to palpable changes in local community life, especially in relation to the use, treatment and management of water resources in the Morogoro region of Tanzania. |
| Keywords: | Tanzania, water, citizen science, community based monitoring |
| Date: | 2022–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iob:apbrfs:2022005&r=env |
| By: | Joshua Henkel |
| Abstract: | This paper examines relations between economics and biology regarding the historical background of these disciplines. Though economics is a social science its emergence has strong links to the natural sciences, especially to physics. This methodological basis seems to be mostly forgotten in mainstream economics. Since this methodology is based on the same principles of universal natural laws, it should make the branches of economics and biology compatible. Merging biology and economics could have a strong impact on finding solutions to our modern world sustainability problems and avoiding the dangers of the entropic abyss. This is only possible if mainstream economics is more open to assimilate information from outside its own field. Unequivocally, the most straightforward impact of a collaboration of these disciplines would be a biobased economy, that would tackle many problems our resource intensive and unsustainable economic system is facing at the moment. |
| Keywords: | Sustainability, Culture, Collapse, Bio-economy |
| JEL: | A12 B52 Q01 Q57 |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:atv:wpaper:2210&r=env |
| By: | Gayle, Philip; Lin, Ying |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces a measure we call a “demand transfer ratio” (DTR) that is a useful metric for inferring and communicating important market impacts associated with new product introductions. We show that the sign and magnitude of the demand transfer ratio can be used to infer whether the presence of new goods expanded aggregate demand in the relevant market and/or have a demand-cannibalizing effect on pre-existing products. In principle, our unit free DTR metric can be computed for the introduction and presence of new products across a wide cross section of industries for the purpose of comparing the demand transference impacts of various technology innovations and further studying what measurable attributes, strategies, and/or policies are associated with the most impactful innovations in an economy. |
| Keywords: | Demand transfer ratios; New product introduction; Aggregate demand expansionary effect; Demand-cannibalizing effect; Innovation and Technological Change; Environmental Policy |
| JEL: | D11 L13 M31 O33 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:115749&r=env |
| By: | Claudius Graebner-Radkowitsch (Institute for Socio-Economics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; ZOE Institute for future-fit Economies, Bonn, Germany; International lnstitute of Management and Economic Education, Europa-Universitaet Flennsburg, Germany); Birte Strunk |
| Abstract: | The goal of this paper is twofold: first, it assesses the current state of collaboration between institutionalist economics and the academic degrowth discourse on the topic of global inequalities. Since a systematic literature review of the current degrowth discourse shows that the level of such collaboration is limited, the second goal of the paper is to outline avenues through which institutionalist scholars could contribute to the current academic degrowth discourse. These include the provision of theories of institutional change, a methodological reflection of selected formal models, and substantive insights on the co-evolution of institutions and technological change. |
| Keywords: | degrowth; institutions; development; core-periphery relations; structuralism; dependency; planetary boundaries |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ico:wpaper:144&r=env |
| By: | Jean Mansuy; Giulia Caterina Verga; Bonno Pel; Ahmed Z. Khan; Wouter Achten; Ela Callorda Fossati; Tom Bauler; Philippe Lebeau; Cathy Macharis |
| Abstract: | We are living on a finite planet. Humankind is overstepping planetary boundaries, however. In 2021, worldwide consumption has exceeded the yearly bio-capacity of the Earth (what we call the overshoot day) on the 29th of July. For industrialised countries, the situation is far worse: In 2022, Belgium reached that overshoot day on the 26th of March. In the face of these urgent challenges of sustainable resource use, there is wide agreement on the need for a transition, a fundamental societal shift, towards, amongst others, a circular economy (CE), the focus of this book.The book speaks deliberately of transitioning. This marks our focus on transition processes and activities. Discussions of ‘the transition’ easily get stuck in abstract visions, remote future goals and ideological statements about the desired world of tomorrow. By contrast, much more attention needs to be paid to concrete transformation processes that could lead towards these projected futures. Transition how? Where to? By whom?We highlight that companies are key actors in CE transitioning. This edited volume presents key outcomes from the “Transitioning Belgian companies into circularity” research chair, established by Belgian Employers’ Federation FEB/VBO. Whilst focusing on the role of companies, we show how the private sector cannot bring about such societal transformations single-handedly. We consider companiesas embedded transition agents, i.e. as actors that operate as parts of broader business ecosystems.The book results from collaborative work between researchers from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) and the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB). Containing contributions by Jean Mansuy, Giulia C. Verga, Bonno Pel, Maarten Messagie, Philippe Lebeau, Wouter Achten, Ahmed Z. Khan, Cathy Macharis, Ela Callorda Fossati and Tom Bauler, it gathers expertise in sustainable urbanism, transition governance,the redesign of systems, lifecycle analysis, and business model innovation. |
| Keywords: | circular economy; circularity; business ecosystems; transition; exnovation; Belgium |
| Date: | 2022–11–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/352023&r=env |
| By: | Emmanuel Petit (BSE - Bordeaux Sciences Economiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Delphine Pouchain |
| Date: | 2022–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03891219&r=env |
| By: | Ibrahim Elbadawi; Abdelrazig Elbashir; Abdelrahman Osman; Amir Hamid Elobaid; Elfatih Eltahir; Alzaki Alhelo |
| Abstract: | The initial conditions of the Sudanese agricultural sector are quite dire. Despite more than half a century of several economic development plans and public policy initiatives all centered on transforming the sector, the country’s vast agricultural potential is far from realized. Notwithstanding sad past experiences, modernizing agriculture remains critical for promoting win-win solutions, and it must be the focal point of any serious transformational project for the Sudanese economy. The modern growth literature focusing on the process of catch-up growth contrasts between the growth processes of industry and agriculture. The overall evidence shows that poor countries with initially low productivity could grow faster and catch up with richer countries if they adopt growth-promoting policies and build the right institutions to allow them to absorb knowledge and learn from the technological frontier. Therefore, poorer economies can only grow faster than richer economies, conditional on their endowments, policies, and institutions (Rodrik, 2011). However, more recent evidence suggests that productivity in manufacturing tends to converge unconditionally regardless of the prevailing institutions or policy environment (Rodrik 2013). In the light of this evidence, it is natural to question whether the unconditional convergence property also extends to the agricultural sector (Ishac et al., 2013). |
| Date: | 2022–07–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:prr40&r=env |
| By: | GALASSO Giovanna; MONTINO Carlo; GORI Matteo; RASMUSSEN Morten; ROMAN Laura; MCCOLGAN Owen; LIVA Giovanni; REBESCO Emanuele; BRYNSKOV Martin; MULQUIN Michael; MICHELI Marina (European Commission - JRC); SCHADE Sven (European Commission - JRC); SMITH Robin; KOTSEV Alexander (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Data sharing plays a fundamental role in strengthening the European economy. The reuse of data have great potential at local level, as this allows informing and improvement of a range of services that citizens utilise in their lives. Accordingly, different European cities have been investing in data ecosystems as a structural solution for an effective sharing of data among stakeholders, namely public actors, private actors and/or citizens. However, these stakeholders have to deal with organisational and/or technical barriers hampering the development of such ecosystems, and, more extensively, the growth of the entire data economy. Therefore, the need to find effective and sustainable approaches for the use of data is becoming ever more urgent, and innovative practices can constitute a relevant solution. Local authorities, just like other stakeholders, may leverage on testing of technical or organisational mechanisms before adopting – and investing in them. This report aims to be a practical guide to adopt innovative solutions for data sharing at the local level by leveraging on the sandboxing approach. It is conceived as a practical orientation for a wide range of public administrators who are eager to develop, or improve, data ecosystems in their local contexts. By 'sandbox' we refer to an environment that allows to safely experiment with innovative solutions that allows for an agile and inclusive approach to foster hands-on experience for testing new applications or new organisational approaches. |
| Keywords: | data sharing, sandboxes, data spaces, digital innovation, data infrastructures |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc130555&r=env |
| By: | Unger, Natalia; Gauna, Diego; Lupín, Beatriz; Lacaze, María Victoria |
| Abstract: | La producción y el consumo de carne vacuna están siendo fuertemente cuestionados por razones éticas y sus posibles impactos sobre la salud y el ambiente. Estos cuestionamientos resultan relativamente más evidentes entre residentes jóvenes y de áreas urbanas, quienes en general tienen escaso conocimiento y familiaridad con el sector agropecuario. Este trabajo analiza las percepciones de adolescentes vinculados al medio rural del partido de Rauch, Provincia de Buenos Aires, zona ganadera de la Cuenca del Salado. En 2021 se realizó un relevamiento a estudiantes de los últimos años del nivel secundario de dicha ciudad, para indagar acerca de sus percepciones respecto a la producción de carne vacuna y su relación con el cuidado del ambiente y el bienestar animal. Los resultados obtenidos permiten corroborar una fuerte vinculación de los adolescentes con el medio rural, ya que consideran a la producción ganadera como parte de la cultura e identidad de las personas y sus territorios. Sus preocupaciones respecto al cuidado ambiental y animal resultan mayores entre quienes no asisten a una escuela con orientación agropecuaria. Conocer sus percepciones respecto a los sistemas de producción ganaderos y sus implicancias, permitirá contar con datos relevantes para diseñar estrategias de extensión en la región. |
| Keywords: | Ganado Vacuno; Sistema Productivo; Percepción; Adolescentes; Bienestar; Protección Ambiental; Partido de Rauch; |
| Date: | 2022–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:3747&r=env |
| By: | Mohrmann, Sören; Schaper, Christian; Otter, Verena |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi22:329607&r=env |
| By: | Hansen, Rebecca; Gebhardt, Beate; Hess, Sebastian |
| Keywords: | Livestock Production/Industries, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi22:329590&r=env |
| By: | Benoit Jamet (IRGO - Institut de Recherche en Gestion des Organisations - UB - Université de Bordeaux - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Bordeaux); Julien Bousquet |
| Date: | 2022–07–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03889444&r=env |
| By: | Claudius Graebner-Radkowitsch (Institute for Socio-Economics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria; ZOE Institute for future-fit Economies, Bonn, Germany; International lnstitute of Management and Economic Education, Europa-Universitaet Flennsburg, Germany); Anna Hornykewycz (Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria); Theresa Hager (Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores whether the EU’s new economic development model of ‘competitive sustainability’ could serve as a role model for ecologically sustaina-ble development models for advanced economies in general. To this end, we first discuss theoretically the interplay between ‘competitiveness’ and ‘sustaina-bility’ and identify several challenges for combining them. In delineating different interpretations of competitive sustainability, we emphasize that operationalizing the concept requires deliberate design of the institutions governing competition so that it can contribute to sustainability. We substantiate our claim by using in-put-output data to analyze whether the identified challenges are indeed relevant. We conclude that they are, and finally propose possible solutions. |
| Keywords: | competition; sustainability; development; Europe dependency; planetary boundaries |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ico:wpaper:143&r=env |
| By: | Lacaze, María Victoria; Lupín, Beatriz |
| Abstract: | Durante el año 2021, se desarrolló una encuesta sobre el consumo personal de verduras y frutas frescas -vale decir, excluidas las congeladas y las conservas- (VyF) en el hogar y otros hábitos saludables, a residentes urbanos del Partido de General Pueyrredon (PGP). La misma fue complementada con entrevistas referidas a prácticas vinculadas a la sanitización de las VyF, a su conservación o almacenamiento y a las modalidades de preparación y consumo de las mismas y a percepciones sobre impacto socioambiental, realizadas a personas que, en un primer momento, respondieron el formulario de encuesta. Este relevamiento de datos se sustanció en el marco del Proyecto de Investigación, Extensión y Transferencia "Enfoque transdisciplinar para el estudio socioeconómico, sanitario y ambiental del cinturón frutihortícola de General Pueyrredon y aportes para la generación de herramientas de gestión pública y privada para el desarrollo sustentable", convocatoria 2019 "Proyectos de Investigación Interfacultades" de la Secretaría de Ciencia y Tecnología-UNMdP (Resolución de Rectorado Nº 3.502/2020). |
| Keywords: | Consumo de Alimentos; Residentes; Frutas; Hortalizas; Partido de General Pueyrredon; |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:3721&r=env |
| By: | Eduardo V Trumper (Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Manfredi X5988, Argentina, INTA - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria); Arianne J Cease (School of Sustainability - ASU - Arizona State University [Tempe], ASU - Arizona State University [Tempe]); María Marta Cigliano (División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, FCNyM-UNLP, La Plata 1900, Argentina;, Museo de La Plata - CONICET - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires]); Fernando Copa Bazán (Instituto de Investigaciones Agrícolas El Vallecito, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Km 7 1/2 Carretera al Norte, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno); Carlos E Lange (Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores, UNLP-CONICET-CICPBA, La Plata 1900, Argentina, CONICET - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires]); Héctor E Medina (Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASA), Av. Paseo Colón 367, Buenos Aires C1063ACD, Argentina); Rick P Overson (School of Sustainability - ASU - Arizona State University [Tempe], ASU - Arizona State University [Tempe]); Clara Therville (School of Sustainability - ASU - Arizona State University [Tempe], ASU - Arizona State University [Tempe]); Martina E Pocco (División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, FCNyM-UNLP, La Plata 1900, Argentina, Museo de La Plata - CONICET - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires]); Cyril Piou (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Gustavo Zagaglia (SENASA - Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria); David Hunter (Locust and Grasshopper Control) |
| Abstract: | In the first half of the twentieth century, the South American Locust (SAL), Schistocerca cancellata (Serville, 1838), was a major pest of agriculture in Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Brazil. From 1954-2014, a preventive management program appeared to limit SAL populations, with only small-to moderate-scale treatments required, limited to outbreak areas in northwest Argentina. However, the lack of major locust outbreaks led to a gradual reduction in resources, and in 2015, the sudden appearance of swarms marked the beginning of a substantial upsurge, with many swarms reported initially in Argentina in 2015, followed by expansion into neighboring countries over the next few years. The upsurge required a rapid allocation of resources for management of SAL and a detailed examination of the improvements needed for the successful management of this species. This paper provides a review of SAL biology, management history, and perspectives on navigating a plague period after a 60-year recession. |
| Keywords: | South america, locust plagues, population dynamics, management |
| Date: | 2022–01–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03880605&r=env |