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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Fotis, Panagiotis; Korre, Maria |
| Abstract: | In recent years, there has been considerable interest in examining the relationship between tourism and sustainable development. For firms to act friendly against the environment, competition authorities (CA’s) must provide them with the appropriate legal certainty they need to make the necessary investments towards sustainability. Policy implications should be strengthened towards more installation of renewable energy and a convergence of environmental policies towards more efficient energy use among EU countries. Energy intensity flows must be kept up more closely since the empirical results point out its substantially positive contribution in terms of air pollution. |
| Keywords: | Competition (Antitrust) policy; Sustainable Development; Tourism |
| JEL: | K21 L83 Q01 |
| Date: | 2022–11–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:115289&r=env |
| By: | Heredia, Luis |
| Keywords: | ANCIANOS, CAMBIO CLIMATICO, ASPECTOS MEDICOS, EVALUACION DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL, AGEING PERSONS, CLIMATE CHANGE, MEDICAL ASPECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT |
| Date: | 2022–04–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col094:48244&r=env |
| By: | Kristine Grimsrud; Cathrine Hagem (Statistics Norway); Kristina Haaskjold; Henrik Lindhjem; Megan Nowell |
| Abstract: | Energy generated from land-based wind power is expected to play a crucial role in the decarbonisation of the economy. With the looming biodiversity and nature crises, spatial allocation of wind power cannot, however, any longer be considered solely a trade-off against local disamenity costs. Emphasis should also be put on wider environmental impacts, especially if these challenge the sustainability of the whole renewable energy transition. We suggest a modelling system for spatial allocation of wind power plants (WPPs) by combining an energy system model with a comprehensive GIS analysis of WPP sites and surrounding viewscapes. The modelling approach integrates monetary cost estimates of local disamenity and loss of carbon sequestration, and impacts on wilderness and biodiversity implemented as sustainability constraints on the model. Simulating scenarios for the Norwegian energy system towards 2050, we find that the southern part of Norway is the most favourable region for wind power siting when only the energy system surplus is considered. However, when gradually adding local disamenity costs (and to a lesser extent carbon costs) and the sustainability constraints, the more beneficial siting in the northern part of Norway become. We find that the sustainability constraints have the largest impact on the spatial distribution of WPPs, but the monetised costs of satisfying them are shown to be modest. Overall, results show that there is a trade-off between local disamenities and loss of biodiversity and wilderness. Siting wind power plants outside the visual proximity of households yield negative consequences for biodiversity and wilderness. |
| Keywords: | wind power, spatial analysis, energy system model, environmental costs, disamenity costs |
| JEL: | C61 D62 Q24 Q42 Q48 Q51 Q57 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssb:dispap:992&r=env |
| By: | Rickels, Wilfried; Rothenstein, Roland; Schenuit, Felix; Fridahl, Mathias |
| Abstract: | The European Union cap-and-trade emissions trading system (EU ETS) faces two challenges in the context of the European Green Deal. First, to meet the Paris temperature target, emissions in the energy and industrial sectors must fall to net-zero and then even become net-negative. Second, there is a concern that excessive CO2 price spikes and volatility on this path will jeopardize the political acceptance and support for emissions trading as a climate policy instrument. Conditional supply of carbon removal credits (CRCs) to support dynamic carbon price caps would make it possible to stabilize the market in the transition from positive to net-negative emissions trading while keeping the net-emissions path unchanged. CRCs would be assigned for carbon removal achieved for example with methods like Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage or Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage and would be used by companies under the EU ETS to compensate for their emissions. However, we suggest that there would be no direct exchange between emitting companies under the EU ETS and carbon removal companies, i.e., the demand and supply side of CRCs, during an initial phase. Instead, we suggest assigning an institutional mandate to for example a carbon central bank (CCB) to organize the supply of CRCs. Under this mandate, carbon removal would be procured, would be translated into a corresponding number of CRCs, and a fraction of it could be auctioned to the market at a later point in time, provided that market prices exceed a certain (dynamic) price cap. |
| Keywords: | European emissions trading,Carbon pricing,Carbon dioxide removal methods,EU climate policy |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:266370&r=env |
| By: | Frédéric Dobruszkes; Giulio Mattioli; Laurette Mathieu |
| Abstract: | Several countries have considered banning or even decided to ban or tax super short-haul flights, arguing that the availability of rail alternatives makes them unnecessary. Such policies result from the need for governments to be seen as acting to mitigate climate change and scholars favouring energy (climate) efficiency perspectives over the absolute amount of fuel burnt (greenhouse gas emissions emitted). Yet climate change is due to absolute emissions, and it is a fact that the longer a flight is, the greater the amount of fuel is burnt (emissions). Considering all departing flights from 31 European countries, our study found that flights shorter than 500 km account for 27.9% of departures but 5.9% of fuel burnt. In contrast, flights longer than 4,000 km account for 6.2% of departures but 47.0% of fuel burnt, although with significant variation across countries. We conclude that targeting shorter flights (which often exist to alleviate physical obstacles imposed by physical geography) will contribute little to reducing the impact of aviation on climate, and that policy initiatives that target longer flights are urgently needed. |
| Keywords: | Air transport; Aviation; Climate change; Greenhouse gas emissions; Short-haul flights |
| Date: | 2022–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulb:ulbeco:2013/351156&r=env |
| By: | Khuc, Quy Van |
| Abstract: | According to many recently published reports and indisputably evidence, environmental pollution and climate change are becoming increasingly serious. Regrettably, this is because humans underestimate the value of nature, and particularly violate the asymmetry principle of nature and humans. To be specific, humans are creating an eco-deficit culture with one’s environmental footprints/impacts far surpass nature’s resilience capacity. In short, in this short note, I just initially introduce and advocate two new concepts/metrics: environmental social efficiency and ecosurplus index. We can use them for measuring the degree of realization of humans’ thoughts for environmental goals, evaluating the ecosurplus culture-based society, and building ecosurplus culture/high value culture for sustainable development in a long run. This is a further step to realize humans’ ambitious objectives for tackling environmental pollution and climate change. And more importantly, we will continue to develop these concepts/metrics till they are complete in years to come. |
| Date: | 2022–09–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ap658&r=env |
| By: | Khuc, Quy Van; Dang, Phuong-Thao; Tran, Phuong-Mai; Nguyen, Thuy; Pham, Phu; Tran, Duc-Trung |
| Abstract: | As one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, Vietnam is tackling environmental pollution, particularly plastic waste. According to a recently published report, the country is one of the world’s top five marine polluters of plastic waste. This study contributes to the literature and practical solutions by better understanding households’ perceptions, behaviours, and motivations for sorting waste, contributing to the environmental fund and relocating. The questionnaire-based interview method was used to collect information from 697 households in 25 provinces in Vietnam during February 2022. Statistical descriptive method and Bayesian regression model coupled with mindsponge mechanism were employed to explore and analyse the data. The findings show that people’s strategies and responses to plastic waste pollution vary: 38.63% of respondents have been sorting waste at home, 74.25% agreed to contribute to the environmental fund, and 23.56% plan to relocate to find a better living place. The households’ strategies and intentions are driven by many structural and contextual factors such as age, income, care about the environment, and the perceived effect of polluted waste. More importantly, communication is a robust variable in sorting waste decisions, which suggests that better communication would help increase people’s awareness and real actions in reducing plastic waste and ultimately improving the environment. The findings of our study will benefit the ongoing green economy, circular economy, and green growth transition toward more sustainable development, particular in developing and fast population growing nations. |
| Date: | 2022–08–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:m73ef&r=env |
| By: | Khuc, Quy Van |
| Abstract: | The integrated systems approach framework for environmental pollution and climate change |
| Date: | 2022–07–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:w9a8b&r=env |
| By: | Khuc, Quy Van |
| Abstract: | I propose and adopt the environmental social efficiency framework that uses mindspongeEdu, MindspongeTech, MindspongeAI to achieve our environment-related goals/objectives for tackling climate change and environmental problems that humans face today. |
| Date: | 2022–09–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:dnkum&r=env |
| By: | Fouquet, Roger; O’Garra, Tanya |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the trade-offs between progressivity and effectiveness for a carbon tax versus an ‘excessive consumption’ levy. To do this, we compare the distribution of consumer welfare impacts and environmental effectiveness of an air travel carbon tax and a frequent flyer levy. Results show that both policies have the potential to achieve substantial carbon mitigation with minimal impacts on consumer welfare. Nevertheless, compared with a carbon tax, a frequent flyer levy is more progressive and effective at reducing emissions – thus, there is no trade-off between progressivity and effectiveness by using an excessive consumption levy to mitigate air travel emissions. Furthermore, considering the pronounced growth in demand projected for air travel over the next 30 years, results show the frequent flyer levy will remain more progressive and effective over time. Although further research is needed to assess the trade-offs on the supply-side (e.g., protection of regular customers, dynamic efficiency) and related to implementation (e.g., data privacy, the role for revenue recycling), such an excessive consumption levy has the potential to be an equitable, effective and politically acceptable environmental policy for curbing carbon dioxide emissions. This is relevant not only for air travel but for other forms of consumption in which the affluent are responsible for a large share of demand and associated carbon emissions. |
| Keywords: | carbon tax; frequent flyer levy; emission reductions; consumer welfare; progressivity; Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment; and the ESRC Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy (CCCEP) (ref. ES/R009708/1); Elsevier deal |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 R41 |
| Date: | 2022–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:116689&r=env |
| By: | M S, Navaneeth; Siddiqui, Ismail |
| Abstract: | It is clear that the rapid expansion of the post-World War two economy, financed through Bretton Wood Institutions is not a model path. The role of financial institutions is increasingly being recognised in this domain as a way to redeem the perceived environmental disregard. The development agenda received a critical rethinking as it became clear by the late 1980s that the pre-existing models of industrialisation prescribed to the ‘developing-world’ meant deep neglect of the environment. In order to go ahead with attaining the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), there is a major push required for green projects. Green bonds can unleash the power that the financial sector holds, as it will bestow a strong motivation upon banks and investors to move the capital from dirty industries to cleaner ones. |
| Keywords: | Green Finance; Climate Change; Green bonds; SDG |
| JEL: | G38 Q56 |
| Date: | 2022–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:115344&r=env |
| By: | Filippo Maria D’Arcangelo; Mauro Pisu; Kurt van Dender; Anasuya Raj |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the long-run elasticity of emissions and carbon-related government revenues to carbon pricing. It is based on the OECD Effective Carbon Rates database, the most comprehensive cross-country longitudinal database on direct and indirect carbon pricing. Econometric estimates suggest that a EUR 10 increase in carbon pricing decreases CO2 emissions from fossil fuels by 3.7% on average in the long term. In such a scenario, carbon-related government revenues would triple at global level, though over time they are expected to dwindle as additional increases in carbon pricing result in further reductions in emissions. Broadening carbon pricing to currently unpriced emissions contributes to two thirds of the effects on emissions and revenues. At the country level, emissions and government revenues responses differ depending on countries’ sectoral structure and fuel sources. Dynamic simulations based on these estimates reveal that even large effective carbon rates (about EUR 1000 per tonne by late 2030s) will not suffice to meet net-zero emission targets. A sensitivity analysis shows that this result is robust to a large range of elasticity estimates. Reaching net zero then calls for complementary policies aiming at broadening and raising carbon prices, and drastically increasing the substitution of clean energy sources for fossil fuels through innovation and reallocation. |
| Keywords: | carbon price elasticity, carbon-related revenues, Effective carbon rates, mitigation policy |
| JEL: | C23 H23 Q41 Q48 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–11–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1732-en&r=env |
| By: | Islam, Masanori Matsuura Yir-Huieh Luh Abu Hayat Md. Saiful |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asae21:329402&r=env |
| By: | Khuc, Quy Van |
| Abstract: | As nature degrades and the environment becomes more polluted, economists frequently use tax tools to mitigate and control the negative externality of the problem. The Pigou tax is, of course, one of the most common environmental economic instruments. However, it seems that this is not the best solution to the problem because environmental pollution and climate change are becoming more and more serious. While I appreciate what economists who have done in devising policies over the last several decades, I believe their efforts are insufficient to solve the problem. |
| Date: | 2022–09–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ysvnm&r=env |
| By: | Yakubu, Ibrahim Nandom; Musah, Alhassan |
| Abstract: | In this study, we examine the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and environmental pollution within the context of the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) in Ghana. We also investigate the role of regulatory quality in the FDI-pollution linkage. The study employs quarterly data spanning the period 2000Q1-2017Q4 and applies the fully modified least squares (FMOLS) technique. The empirical results show that FDI inflows significantly and positively drive environmental pollution. This result holds in the presence of regulatory quality. Accordingly, we confirm the validity of the pollution haven hypothesis in Ghana. The study also finds that industrialization increases pollution given its significant positive relationship with ecological footprint. We discuss relevant policy implications. |
| Keywords: | FDI, Pollution haven hypothesis, Ecological footprint, FMOLS, Ghana |
| JEL: | F2 F20 Q5 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:115410&r=env |
| By: | Alberto Agnelli; Piera Tortora |
| Abstract: | Plastics leakage has become a pressing issue for many developing countries. While a number of development co-operation initiatives with a focus on tackling plastic pollution have recently emerged, there is currently no comprehensive assessment of the volume and scope of international development co-operation in this area. This report contributes to fill this gap by bringing together OECD’s unique statistical sources and expertise. First, this paper assesses the scale of the plastic pollution problem in developing countries by providing evidence on developing countries’ plastic use, waste, and leakage volumes, and assessing the specificity of plastics-related impacts in developing countries. Secondly, it quantifies development co-operation support in this area through a refined methodology developed as part of the OECD Sustainable Ocean for All Initiative. Finally, the paper presents innovative development co-operation approaches that are helping developing countries to scale up financing and impact of waste management projects. |
| Keywords: | Circular Economy, Environmental Policy, Foreign Aid, Foreign Assistance, Plastics, Recycling, Solid Waste, Waste, Waste Management, Water Pollution |
| JEL: | O13 O19 Q25 Q53 |
| Date: | 2022–11–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:207-en&r=env |
| By: | Calum G. Turvey; Shuxin Liu; Josefina Uranga; Morgan Mastrianni |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:nc1117:329265&r=env |
| By: | Thinh, Nguyen An; Tran, Phuong-Mai; Nguyen, Thuy; Khuc, Quy Van |
| Abstract: | Vietnam is one of the main plastic consumers in the world, yet there is much room for improvement in terms of plastic waste treatment. This study aims to inquire into residents’ awareness and responses to plastic waste, and their willingness to pay for enhancing plastic waste treatment in the North of Vietnam. We employ the contingent valuation method (CVM) and randomly survey 525 households in 25 provinces in Northern Vietnam. Findings suggest that a majority were interested and aware of impacts of plastic waste pollution, 76.8% were willing to contribute to a fund designated for plastic waste pollution alleviation. Residents’ willingness to pay range from VND 900,667 to VND 1,316,088 per household per month. Age, gender, perceived effects of waste pollution, illness due to pollution and care of plastic waste pollution are top factors influencing the households’ voluntary financial contribution to environmental fund. This study provides several evidence-based policy recommendations to improve the quality of plastic treatment in the North of Vietnam. |
| Date: | 2022–09–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:q2fm7&r=env |
| By: | Afrasiyab Gul; Vice Admiral (R) Khawar Ali Shah |
| Abstract: | The term “Blue Economy” originated in 2012 from the Rio+20 Conference of the United Nations on Sustainable Development and Growth.[1] Given the vastness of oceanic resources, the blue economy has been touted as the panacea for all economic woes of less developed coastal countries. It basically refers to leveraging the coastal and marine resources for economic benefits, emphasising sustainable economic growth and environmental conservation. |
| Keywords: | Maritime Economy, Pakistan, |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pid:pviewp:2021:31&r=env |
| By: | Mads Greaker; Tom-Reiel Heggedal; Knut Einar Rosendahl (Statistics Norway) |
| Abstract: | The "resource curse" is a potential threat to all countries relying on export income from abundant natural resources such as fossil fuels. The early literature hypothesized that easily accessible natural resources would lead to lack of technological progress. In this article we instead propose that abundance of fossil fuels can lead to the wrong type of technological progress. In order to inquire into our research question, we build a model of a small, open economy having specialized in export of fossil fuels. R&D in fossil fuel extraction technology competes with R&D in clean energy technologies. Moreover, technological progress is path dependent as current R&D within a technology type depends on past R&D within the same type. Finally, global climate policy may reduce the future value of fossil fuel export. We find that global climate policy may either lead to a resource curse or help the country escaping a potential resource curse. The ripeness of the clean energy technologies is essential for the outcomes: If the clean technology level is not too far beyond the fossil fuel technology, a shift to exporting clean energy is optimal independent of global climate policy and climate policy can accelerate this shift. While if the clean technology is far behind, a shift should only happen as a response to global climate policy, and the government should intervene to accelerate this shift. |
| Keywords: | Environment; Directed technological change; Innovation policy; Resource curse |
| JEL: | O30 O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2022–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssb:dispap:991&r=env |
| By: | Khuc, Quy Van; Tran, Phuong-Mai |
| Abstract: | We propose and adopt an energy saving conceptual framework which contains three parts: the energy conversion system, the socio-ecological system, and global environmental changes. The framework shapes our research in several ways. First, it recognises the role of young people (students) as an active player in energy consumption and carbon emissions. In years to come, they will be major decision-makers in energy use; hence, their choice of action would have a long-term effect. For example, they might decide to use energy-efficient appliances in their houses, or as a business owner, they might opt for eco-friendly office design and issue ‘green office’ guideline. If these were the case, energy consumption would be reduced significantly. For a problem that requires such complicated and time-consuming efforts as global warming to be addressed, the participation of young people would be the key to success. This enables us to target young people and investigate their responses to global environmental issues in general and climate change-related policies in particular. Second, it draws the attention to the role of education in raising environmental awareness which potentially leads to pro-environmental behaviours, especially of young people, in the long term (Van Khuc, 2022a, 2022b, 2022d). Based on these characteristics, the framework also supports the construction of young people decision models in the following sections. |
| Date: | 2022–09–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:et3r2&r=env |
| By: | Matthew Agarwala (Bennett Institute for Public Policy, Unviersity of Cambridge); Josh Martin (The Bank of England, and ESCoE) |
| Keywords: | productivity, environmental accounting, national accounting, greenhouse gas emissions |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anj:wpaper:028&r=env |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Chrysi Laspidou (University of Thessaly); Conrad Landis (AUEB); Angelos Plataniotis; Agiopoulos Kaptsikas; Thalia Kanellopoulou; Vasileios Kasiolas; Theofanis Zacharatos |
| Abstract: | This Report for the Greek region provides an overview of the performance of the 13 Greek Regions on the Agenda 2030 and 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted by global leaders in September 2015 at the UN Sustainable Development Summit. |
| Date: | 2022–11–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2231&r=env |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Madagascar is exposed to a multitude of climate hazards such as tropical cyclones, droughts, and floods, which cause significant damage to key sectors, thereby undermining development efforts. Madagascar continues to develop strategies and policies for addressing climate change, including commitments under the Nationally Determined Contribution, natural disaster risk management, adaptation measures, and ongoing public financial management and public investment management reforms. Resilience to climate shocks and natural disasters can only be achieved through a combination of climate measures, public investment efficiency measures and public investments in both human capital and resilient infrastructure. |
| Date: | 2022–11–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2022/342&r=env |
| By: | Ge, Jingfang; Adamowicz, Wiktor L.; Si, Wei |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asae21:329398&r=env |
| By: | Baudry, Marc; Faure, Anouk; Quemin, Simon |
| Abstract: | We develop an equilibrium model of emissions permit trading in the presence of fixed and proportional trading costs in which the permit price and firms' participation in and extent of trading are endogenously determined. We analyze the sensitivity of the equilibrium to changes in the trading costs and firms' allocations, and characterize situations where the trading costs depress or raise permit prices relative to frictionless market conditions. We calibrate our model to annual transaction data in Phase II of the EU ETS (2008–2012) and find that trading costs in the order of 10 k€ per annum plus 1 € per permit traded substantially reduce discrepancies between observations and theoretical predictions for firms’ behavior (e.g. autarkic compliance for small and/or long firms). Our simulations suggest that ignoring trading costs leads to an underestimation of the price impacts of supply-curbing policies, this difference varying with the incidence on firms. |
| Keywords: | emissions trading; EU ETS; policy design and evaluation; transaction costs; Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment ; the UK Economic and Social Research Council |
| JEL: | D23 H32 L22 Q52 Q58 |
| Date: | 2021–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:114321&r=env |
| By: | Soares, César Pedrosa; da Penha Vasconcellos, Maria |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper was to propose a scale of socio-environmental vulnerability capable of presenting the municipalities with exploration activities of natural resources in a hierarchical way, considering the level of criticality of this factor. Theoretically developed, the socio-environmental vulnerability was operationalized by observable socioeconomic and environmental indicators from machine learning techniques and the Rasch model. The value presented by each municipality for these aspects served as the basis for obtaining the measure of the socio-environmental vulnerability of the local population and elaboration of vulnerability levels. From the scale, the importance of Financial Compensation (FC) was observed to deal with the socio-environmental vulnerability. The results pointed to a scenario marked by municipalities with medium and high vulnerability, with weak or almost non-existent correlations between FC and these factors. The scale offers subsidies that can encourage more equitably FC arrangements, considering the respective levels of vulnerability of the municipalities. |
| Date: | 2022–11–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:jg4a8&r=env |
| By: | Halliday, Timothy J. (University of Hawaii at Manoa); Lusher, Lester (University of Hawaii at Manoa); Inafuku, Rachel (University of Hawaii at Manoa); de Paula, Aureo (University College London) |
| Abstract: | This study pairs variation stemming from volcanic eruptions from Kilauea with the census of Hawai'i's public schools student test scores to estimate the impact of particulates and sulfur dioxide on student performance. We leverage spatial correlations in pollution in conjunction with proximity to Kilauea and wind direction to construct predictions of pollution exposure at each school. We precisely estimate that increased particulate pollution leads to a small but statistically significant drop in average test scores. Then, utilizing Hawai'i's rich diversity across schools in baseline exposure, we estimate sharp nonlinearities schools with higher baseline levels of pollution experience larger decreases in test scores than schools with less pollution exposure on average. At levels of particulate pollution higher than six micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m3), we estimate that a one standard deviation increase in PM2.5 leads to a decline in test scores of 1.1 percent of a standard deviation. Lastly, we find that within schools the drop in test scores is concentrated among economically disadvantaged students. The effects of PM2.5 on student test scores are larger by a factor of ten for the poorest pupils. Similarly, the effects of SO2 are larger by a factor of six. We demonstrate that poor air quality disproportionately impacts the human capital accumulation of economically disadvantaged children. |
| Keywords: | VOG, particulates, test scores, kriging, environmental justice |
| JEL: | I22 I24 Q52 |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15696&r=env |
| By: | Vicuña, Sebastián; Marín, Carlos; Pica, Andrés; Rivera, Antonio |
| Abstract: | El precio social del carbono es un instrumento de política con el que es posible incidir, a través de decisiones de inversión pública, en el estilo de desarrollo de los países. En este estudio se presentan los resultados de simulaciones realizadas con distintos precios sociales del carbono, sobre la base de una tipología de proyectos de inversión en el sector de la infraestructura de caminos en Chile y Honduras. |
| Keywords: | CARBONO, PRECIOS, EMISIONES DE GASES DE EFECTO INVERNADERO, MEDICION, INFRAESTRUCTURA FISICA, CARRETERAS, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, PROYECTOS DE DESARROLLO, CARBON, PRICES, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, MEASUREMENT, PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE, ROADS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS |
| Date: | 2022–10–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:48293&r=env |
| By: | Saussay, Aurelien; Sato, Misato; Vona, Francesco; O’Kane, Layla |
| Abstract: | As governments worldwide increase their commitments to tackling climate change, the number of low-carbon jobs is expected to grow rapidly. Here we provide evidence on the characteristics of low-carbon jobs in the US using comprehensive online job postings data between 2010-2019. By accurately identifying low-carbon jobs and comparing them to similar jobs in the same occupational group, we show that low-carbon jobs differ from high-carbon or generic jobs in a number of important ways. Low-carbon jobs have higher skill requirements across a broad range of skills, especially technical ones. However, the wage premium for low-carbon jobs has declined over time and the geographic overlap between low- and high-carbon jobs is limited. Overall, our findings suggest there will be labour reallocation costs as workers transition into low-carbon activities. This suggests a role for targeted public investments in re-skilling to minimise transitional costs and ensure a workforce fit to deliver a rapid transition. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2022–10–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:117254&r=env |
| By: | Saussay, Aurelien; Sato, Misato; Vona, Francesco; O’Kane, Layla |
| Abstract: | As governments worldwide increase their commitments to tackling climate change, the number of low-carbon jobs is expected to grow rapidly. Here we provide evidence on the characteristics of low-carbon jobs in the US using comprehensive online job postings data between 2010-2019. By accurately identifying low-carbon jobs and comparing them to similar jobs in the same occupational group, we show that low-carbon jobs differ from high-carbon or generic jobs in a number of important ways. Low-carbon jobs have higher skill requirements across a broad range of skills, especially technical ones. However, the wage premium for low-carbon jobs has declined over time and the geographic overlap between low- and high-carbon jobs is limited. Overall, our findings suggest there will be labour reallocation costs as workers transition into low-carbon activities. This suggests a role for targeted public investments in re-skilling to minimise transitional costs and ensure a workforce fit to deliver a rapid transition. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2022–10–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:117253&r=env |
| By: | Khuc, Quy Van |
| Abstract: | Therefore, here, I propose and advocate “The Z multiplication principle of human and nature for sustainable development” (Figure 1) |
| Date: | 2022–09–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:b6kdj&r=env |
| By: | Magalhaes, M.; Ringler, C.; Verma, Shilp; Schmitter, Petra |
| Abstract: | With adverse impacts of climate change growing in number and intensity, there is an urgent need to reduce emissions from food systems to net zero. This can only be achieved if rural areas in low- and middle-income countries gain access to clean energy. A review of the research and capacity building contributions of the CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE) over the last 10 years suggests important contributions in the areas of energy policy and energy investment planning, cost and feasibility frameworks, and business models for clean energy technology uptake. WLE has also conducted successful pilot projects on solar irrigation to provide an evidence base for scaling up innovative energy initiatives. Finally, the program also considered non-agricultural uses of energy where relevant to food systems, and implemented capacity building activities. Going forward, CGIAR has a key role to play in providing information, supporting access and piloting innovative, scalable clean energy interventions to support the achievement of multiple impacts for the poorest and most food-insecure women and men farmers and entrepreneurs. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Farm Management, Financial Economics, Food Security and Poverty, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2022–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:329154&r=env |
| By: | Uhlenbrook, Stefan; Ringler, C.; Lautze, Jonathan; McCartney, Matthew; Hafeez, Mohsin |
| Keywords: | Transboundary waters; River basins; Water resources; Water management; Energy; Foods; Ecosystems; Nexus approaches |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:conppr:h051440&r=env |
| By: | Aguilar Revelo, Lorena |
| Abstract: | This document was prepared —within the framework of the sixty-second meeting of the Presiding Officers of the Regional Conference on Women in Latin America and the Caribbean— as part of the preparations for the sixty-sixth session of the Commission on the Status of Women, whose priority theme was “Achieving gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls in the context of climate change, environmental and disaster risk reduction policies and programmes”. The purpose of this document and the recommendations it contains is not only to advance towards the achievement of gender equality and sustainable development in the region, but also to offer innovative and transformative contributions from Latin America and the Caribbean, placing gender equality and women’s autonomy at the centre of the process. |
| Keywords: | MUJERES, CAMBIO CLIMATICO, INCORPORACION DE LA PERSPECTIVA DE GENERO, IGUALDAD DE GENERO, LEYES Y REGLAMENTOS, COOPERACION REGIONAL, PROGRAMAS DE ACCION, WOMEN, CLIMATE CHANGE, GENDER MAINSTREAMING, GENDER EQUALITY, LAWS AND REGULATIONS, REGIONAL COOPERATION, PROGRAMMES OF ACTION |
| Date: | 2022–10–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:48359&r=env |
| By: | Ouyang, Xi; Zhang, Tong |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asae21:329395&r=env |
| By: | Miranda, Francisca; Castañeda, Itzá; Román, Pilar; Velázquez, Margarita |
| Abstract: | Este documento es resultado del Encuentro Regional sobre Cambio Climático e Igualdad de Género, que se realizó de manera virtual en septiembre de 2021, organizado por el Gobierno de Chile —como país que ejerció la Presidencia del 25º período de sesiones de la Conferencia de las Partes en la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático (CP 25)—, a través de sus Ministerios de Medio Ambiente, de Relaciones Exteriores y de la Mujer y la Equidad de Género, con el apoyo de la Unión Europea, a través de sus programas Euroclima+ y EUROsociAL+, el apoyo técnico de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) y la colaboración del sistema de las Naciones Unidas en Chile. En el Encuentro se presentaron y analizaron experiencias, buenas prácticas, desafíos y oportunidades para integrar la igualdad de género en la acción climática en América Latina y el Caribe, y la hoja de ruta del plan de acción sobre el género de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático. El documento recoge los avances de la región en materia de género y cambio climático, con el objetivo de servir como instrumento conectado al proceso de negociación en el marco del Acuerdo de París. |
| Keywords: | CAMBIO CLIMATICO, GENERO, INCORPORACION DE LA PERSPECTIVA DE GENERO, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, IGUALDAD DE GENERO, FINANCIACION, LEYES Y REGLAMENTOS, CLIMATE CHANGE, GENDER, GENDER MAINSTREAMING, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, GENDER EQUALITY, FINANCING, LAWS AND REGULATIONS |
| Date: | 2022–11–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:48413&r=env |
| By: | Renato Molina; Ivan Rudik |
| Abstract: | Hurricanes are among the costliest natural disasters in the world, with a significant portion of their impact linked to the accuracy of their forecasts. In this paper, we estimate the economic impacts of the official hurricane forecasts in the US and develop a new approach for measuring the social value of forecast improvements. We find that pre-landfall federal protective expenditures exponentially increase with the forecast wind speed and with the degree of uncertainty about the forecast. Correspondingly, we find that forecast errors are costly: underestimating wind speed results in damages and post-landfall recovery spending up to an order of magnitude larger than if the forecast had been accurate. Our main contribution is to develop a new theoretically-grounded approach for estimating the marginal value of information and we apply it to establish the social value of improving hurricane forecasts. On the margin, the value of hurricane information is large and has increasing returns. We find that forecast improvements since 2009 reduced total costs associated with hurricanes by 5%, totalling hundreds of millions of dollars per hurricane. When aggregated, these benefits are over an order of magnitude greater than the cumulative budget for operating and improving the hurricane forecast system. |
| Keywords: | natural disasters, hurricanes, tropical cyclones, forecasts, information, climate change |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 C53 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10049&r=env |
| By: | Ling, Yantao; Xia, Senmao; Cao, Mengqiu; He, Kerun; Lim, Ming K.; Sukumar, Arun; Yi, Huiyong; Qian, Xiaoduo |
| Abstract: | CO2 emissions from China accounted for 27 per cent of global emisions in 2019. More than one third of China's CO2 emissions come from the thermal electricity and heating sector. Unfortunately, this area has received limited academic attention. This research aims to find the key drivers of CO2 emissions in the thermal electricity and heating sector, as well as investigating how energy policies affect those drivers. We use data from 2007 to 2018 to decompose the drivers of CO2 emissions into four types, namely: energy structure; energy intensity; input-output structure; and the demand for electricity and heating. We find that the demand for electricity and heating is the main driver of the increase in CO2 emissions, and energy intensity has a slight effect on increasing carbon emissions. Improving the input-output structure can significantly help to reduce CO2 emissions, but optimising the energy structure only has a limited influence. This study complements the existing literature and finds that the continuous upgrading of power generation technology is less effective at reducing emissions and needs to be accompanied by the market reform of thermal power prices. Second, this study extends the research on CO2 emissions and enriches the application of the IO-SDA method. In terms of policy implications, we suggest that energy policies should be more flexible and adaptive to the varying socio-economic conditions in different cities and provinces in China. Accelerating the market-oriented reforms with regard to electricity pricing is also important if the benefits of technology upgrading and innovation are to be realised. |
| Keywords: | Carbon dioxide reduction; China; Decomposition analysis; Electricity; Energy intensity; Energy structure; EP/R035148/1; 51808392 |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2021–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:112930&r=env |
| By: | Matthieu Bordenave (USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Università degli Studi Roma Tre) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a global macroeconomic model that combines the economic impact of climate change with different agroforestry policies.The aim is to integrate climate damage and a dimension of biodiversity loss into an economic growth model while stressing the importance of tropical reforestation policies for climate change mitigation. Using a Stock-Flow Consistent approach based on Goodwin-Keen logic, we couple the non-linear monetary dynamics of underemployment and income distribution while taking into account the role of private debt as a factor of financial instabilities. The calibration at the scale of world enables us to simulate different planetary scenarios. |
| Abstract: | Cet article présente un modèle macroéconomique global qui combine l'impact économique du changement climatique avec différentes politiques agroforestières. L'objectif est d'intégrer les dommages climatiques et une dimension de perte de biodiversité dans un modèle de croissance économique tout en soulignant l'importance des politiques de reforestation tropicale pour l'atténuation du changement climatique. En utilisant une approche Stock-Flow Consistent basée sur la logique Goodwin-Keen, nous couplons les dynamiques monétaires non linéaires du sous-emploi et de la distribution des revenus tout en prenant en compte le rôle de la dette privée comme facteur d'instabilités financières. La calibration à l'échelle du monde nous permet de simuler différents scénarios planétaires. |
| Keywords: | Bioeconomic model,agroforestry,climate damages,Goodwin,Keen,Stock Flow Consistent Dynamics,Out of equilibrium dynamics |
| Date: | 2022–11–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03843040&r=env |
| By: | Committeri, Marco; Brüggemann, Axel; Kosterink, Patrick; Reininger, Thomas; Stevens, Luc; Vonessen, Benjamin; Zaghini, Andrea; Garrido, Isabel; Van Meensel, Lena; Strašuna, Lija; Tiililä, Nea; Weidner, Stephanie; Wilbert, Lucia |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses three specific but interrelated policy challenges: climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation (which includes building up resilience) and managing transition risks. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a multilateral institution with global reach and near-universal membership. Therefore, along with other international organisations, it has an important role to play in addressing the policy challenges posed by climate change. This paper discusses the contribution the IMF makes and can make in its three areas of competence: surveillance, lending and technical assistance. The paper concludes that the IMF has significantly increased its engagement in climate change matters in recent years but should further intensify its efforts in ways that are fully consistent with its mandate. JEL Classification: F3, F33, F34, O19, Q5, Q48, Q54 |
| Keywords: | climate change, International Monetary Fund, lending, surveillance, technical assistance |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbops:2022309&r=env |
| By: | Odono, Leih Anne R.; Bradecina, Raul G.; Morooka, Yoshinori |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asae21:329396&r=env |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Wahab, Norazlina Abd; Haq, Ashraf Al; Ahmad, Siti Aznor |
| Abstract: | Zakat is compulsory charity in Islam to fight poverty and inequality, but there is a gap in literature concerning the performance of zakat in terms of achieving sustainable development for its recipients. Therefore, this study intends to assess the role of zakat in achieving the sustainable development status for recipients. This study collected primary data through a questionnaire survey among 440 zakat recipients from the Kedah State in Malaysia. The data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The findings reveal that zakat helps to improve the overall sustainable development status of its recipients, but the economic aspect improves more than the social and environmental aspects. Therefore, to ensure the success of zakat in line with the goals of achieving sustainable development for recipients as advocated by the United Nations, the policymakers and zakat administrators around the world and particularly in Malaysia need to focus on redesigning the zakat management program. |
| Date: | 2022–07–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:y4scw&r=env |
| By: | Kevin J. Stiroh |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a stylized framework of bank risk-taking to help clarify the concept of "double materiality," the idea that supervisory authorities should consider both the risks that banks face from climate change and the impact of a bank’s actions on climate change. The paper shows that the concept of double materiality can be coherently embedded in a microprudential framework, but the practical implications could be quite similar to the implications of a single materiality perspective. The importance of a double materiality perspective becomes larger when one considers macroprudential objectives driven by financial sector externalities. The framework illustrates the critical importance of being clear on the supervisory mandate and objectives when assessing policy alternatives. |
| Keywords: | Bank risk; Risk management; Climate change |
| JEL: | G21 |
| Date: | 2022–10–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedgfe:2022-66&r=env |
| By: | Gruener, Sven |
| Abstract: | Climate change is one of the main challenges of our time. This paper examines how anticipated consequences of climate change influence individual and collective decision-making. Using a controlled information intervention experiment, we find that farmers in Germany – who are likely to be affected by climate change – increase their willingness to invest in risky assets but their cooperation behavior remains largely unaffected. In contrast to previous experiments on information provision, our results suggest that emotions cannot explain subjects’ behaviors. We argue that reminding of anticipated consequences of climate change can reactivate individuals’ memories that actions are necessary and, in turn, overcome inertia (JEL C91, C92, D01, D81, D91, H41, Q12, Q54). |
| Date: | 2022–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:jq57n&r=env |
| By: | Jun Zhou; Zhichao Yin; Pengpeng Yue |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a brand-new measure of energy efficiency at household level and explores how it is affected by access to credit. We calculate the energy and carbon intensity of the related sectors, which experience a substantial decline from 2005 to 2019. Although there is still high inequality in energy use and carbon emissions among Chinese households, the energy efficiency appears to be improved in long run. Our research further maps the relationship between financial market and energy. The results suggest that broadened access to credit encourages households to improve energy efficiency, with higher energy use and carbon emission. |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2211.08871&r=env |
| By: | Briglauer, Wolfgang; Köppl-Turyna, Monika; Schwarzbauer, Wolfgang |
| Abstract: | Digitization related services and applications are based on the information and comm unications technology (ICT) ecosystem and encompass almost all areas of society and economic sectors nowadays and exert numerous opposing effects in regard to electricity c onsumption and corresponding CO2 emissions. Our analysis aims to inform policy decis ion makers about the actual climate relevance of the ICT ecosystem by providing sound empirical evidence on the net effect of various ICT core elements based on recent OECD panel data utilizing panel econometric estimation methods that include instrumental variables. When compared with previous empirical contributions, we utilize more comprehensive measures of the ICT ecosystem and explicitly address potential endogeneity co ncerns. In line with all the previous studies using data from developed countries, w e found that the CO2 reducing positive indirect effects outweigh the negative, in other words, CO2 increasing direct and indirect effects on average. Specifically, we found that, in addition to the lowering effect related to the use of basic broadband conn ections, there was another lowering effect albeit smaller related to new fiber based broadband connections. We found that according to our conservative estimates, basic, and fiber based broadband connections induced a substantial reduction of CO2 emissions in the average OECD country amounting to at least 67 Mt CO2 during our period of analysis (2002 2019). This roughly corresponded to the total annual CO2 emissions of an OECD country with the size of Greece. In contrast, other elements of the ICT ecosystem , such as mobile broadband networks or electronic end user devices, showed no significant net impact on CO2 emissions. This result points to potentially opposing and, by, and large, offsetting effects at an aggregate level and/or to the dominant role of th e other macroeconomic, demographic, and institutional control variables in exp laining total CO2 emissions at the country year level. We conclude that undifferentiated climate policy measures imposed on the ICT ecosystem would not do justice to the identif ied heterogeneity, with numerous in part opposing effects, and likely would be accompanied by inefficiencies and market distortions. In view of this heterogeneity, regulatory interventions, if any, should be targeted at reducing particularly resource inten sive digital services with evidentially high CO2 emissions (such as online vid eo streaming or bitcoin mining). Moreover, our findings based on data of developed countries provides evidence for the "pollution haven hypothesis" suggesting that environmentall y intense production of ICT network equipment and end user devices, the extrac tion of rare earth elements and disposal of ICT waste is allocated to some major non OECD member states such as India, China and some East Asian countries (other than OECD member states Japan and South Korea). Whereas in OECD countries the value added from ICT services has been rising, the value added from ICT manufacturing, with particularly high CO2 emissions, has been falling. Although the ICT sector as a whole is growing world wide, the growth of energy intense ICT production and manufacturing differs su bstantially between regions and countries. |
| Keywords: | ICT,digitization,CO2 emissions,electricity consumption,OECD data,panel econometrics |
| JEL: | L52 L96 Q40 Q55 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse22:265615&r=env |
| By: | Khuc, Quy Van |
| Abstract: | Mindspongenviron is a branch of mindspongeconomics, a new social science theory using information as an input. Based on the environmental values and decision making systems, mindspongenviron is able to nurture and build the ecosurplus culture, high value culture, which is a key for tackling the environmental problems that humans face today. |
| Date: | 2022–09–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:xmh4d&r=env |
| By: | Ho, Tien D. N.; Tsusaka, Takuji W.; Kuwornu, John K. M.; Datta, Avishek; Nguyen, Loc T. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asae21:329401&r=env |
| By: | Ronzheimer, Ira Nadine; Durán Lima, José Elías; Budnevich, Cristóbal; Gomies, Matthew |
| Abstract: | El tablero que se presenta en este documento se desarrolló en el marco de un proyecto de colaboración entre la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) y la Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) sobre electromovilidad en América Latina y el Caribe. Este tablero constituye una representación visual de la metodología propuesta, destinada a analizar los flujos de comercio de los componentes de autobuses eléctricos en América Latina y el resto del mundo, a fin de evaluar la capacidad productiva de los países latinoamericanos en este ámbito. Los componentes necesarios se desagregaron en tres niveles: componentes elaborados, componentes semielaborados y materias primas. El tablero captura la complejidad de esta metodología y permite tanto a los responsables de la formulación de políticas como a los empresarios utilizarla para evaluar el potencial de su país o empresa de participar en la cadena de valor de los autobuses eléctricos. |
| Keywords: | TRANSPORTE, INNOVACIONES TECNOLOGICAS, ENERGIA ELECTRICA, COMERCIO INTERNACIONAL, AUTOBUSES, CAMBIO CLIMATICO, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, TRANSPORT, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS, ELECTRIC POWER, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, BUSES, CLIMATE CHANGE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT |
| Date: | 2022–11–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:48467&r=env |
| By: | Ilaria Perissi; Aled Jones |
| Abstract: | In the present study, for the first time, an effort sharing approach based on Inertia and Capability principles is proposed to assess European Union (EU27) carbon budget distribution among the Member States. This is done within the context of achieving the Green Deal objective and EU27 carbon neutrality by 2050. An in-depth analysis is carried out about the role of Economic Decoupling embedded in the Capability principle to evaluate the correlation between the expected increase of economic production and the level of carbon intensity in the Member States. As decarbonization is a dynamic process, the study proposes a simple mathematical model as a policy tool to assess and redistribute Member States carbon budgets as frequently as necessary to encourage progress or overcome the difficulties each Member State may face during the decarbonization pathways. |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2211.11322&r=env |
| By: | White, Thomas; Petrovan, Silviu Octavian (University of Cambridge); Bennun, Leon; Butterworth, Tom; Christie, Alec Philip; Downey, Harriet; Hunter, Sara Bronwen; Jobson, Benjamin; zu Ermgassen, Sophus Olav Sven Emil; Sutherland, William J |
| Abstract: | There is an increasing expectation on the private sector to address biodiversity impacts and contribute towards global conservation goals. Appropriate evidence use can help businesses avoid biodiversity losses and realise gains, reduce resources wasted on ineffective or suboptimal action, whilst minimising biodiversity-related risks and securing opportunities from engaging with biodiversity. We review the status of evidence-based action in the private sector, where previous studies have identified concerning trends, and explore the barriers that may currently be hindering evidence use. To learn from this, and improve evidence use, we propose a set of principles for evidence-based biodiversity impact mitigation. We outline tools and resources that can help businesses move towards evidence-based practice and achieve each of these principles. Meeting these principles would improve the biodiversity outcomes from business’ biodiversity related actions. However, for business action to contribute more fully to global conservation goals, broader political and socio-economic issues also need addressing. |
| Date: | 2022–07–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:427tc&r=env |
| By: | Singh, Tejendra Pratap; Mtenga, Erica |
| Abstract: | Using novel data on students' performance on national exams administered during secondary schooling in Tanzania, we study how air pollution exposure on the day of the exam affects student performance on these exams. To uncover causal effects, we leverage plausibly exogenous changes in local wind direction in an Instrumental Variables (IV) setup. Our IV estimates imply that an increase in PM2.5 concentration by 10 µg/m3 on the day a student appears for the exam worsens their performance on the exam by 0.06 standard deviations. Our results are robust to a host of falsification checks. We also document that the effects are more pronounced for younger students, males, students appearing for exams in government schools, and those at the lower end of the achievement distribution. Further, we find that these effects could be driven by adverse effects of air pollution on exams that test fluid intelligence. |
| Date: | 2022–08–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:nm9dx&r=env |
| By: | Aleksandar Petreski; Dorothea Schäfer; Andreas Stephan |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the effect of a firm’s reputation of being a green bond issuer on its financing costs. Using a sample of 73 listed Swedish real estate companies issuing in total about 1500 bonds over the period from 2011 till 2021, difference-in-difference analyses and instrumental variable estimations are applied to identify the causal impact of frequent green vis-à-vis frequent non-green bond issuing on a firm’s cost of capital and credit rating. The paper argues that it is repetitive issuance which lowers a firm’s cost of capital, while the effects from first or one-time green bond issuance is the opposite. In line with the reputation capital hypothesis, issuing green bonds even lowers the firm’s cost of equity capital, while issuing non-green bonds has no effect on the cost of equity capital. |
| Keywords: | Bond issuance, green debt, reputation capital, sustainability, ESG |
| JEL: | G32 R30 R32 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp2019&r=env |
| By: | Marie-Laure Cabon-Dhersin (LERN - Laboratoire d'Economie Rouen Normandie - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - IRIHS - Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université) |
| Abstract: | We revisit the classic comparison of Bertrand and Cournot competition by studying how the form of competition between shipping companies affects transport prices, international trade, consumer and producer surplus, and social welfare in two countries that coordinate their environmental policies. We show that the standard Bertrand-Cournot ranking only prevails when pollution abatement technologies are sufficiently efficient. |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03822627&r=env |
| By: | Endre Kildal Iversen; Kristine Grimsrud (Statistics Norway); Henrik Lindhjem; Ståle Navrud |
| Abstract: | Tourism and recreational home developments generate much of the economic activity at mountain destinations in Norway. At the same time, resulting land use changes pose a severe threat to ecosystem services. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is suitable to examine the trade-offs at the heart of many management problems but has been relatively neglected in tourism economics. Other methods, such as local economic impact analysis, are much more common. This study combines stated preference, economic impact analysis, and geospatial analysis in a comprehensive CBA framework. The CBA is performed both at the local and regional levels for small (S), medium (M), and large (L) developments in the Norefjell-Reinsjøfjell mountain area in Norway. The L-development is the preferred tourism and land management locally as market benefits from property sales and construction outweigh the local nonmarket externalities. However, considering the additional market and nonmarket impacts outside the destination, the S-development generates higher total welfare benefits. We conclude that to achieve socially optimal tourism development, nonmarket externalities inside and outside of the destination should be accounted for. The geospatial analysis demonstrates the geographical distribution of externalities. |
| Keywords: | tourism development; ecosystem services; cost-benefit analysis; stated preference; willingness to pay |
| JEL: | Q51 Q57 |
| Date: | 2022–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssb:dispap:990&r=env |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | A qualidade de vida, o bem-estar e o gozo de direitos das pessoas nas cidades e seus arredores estão intimamente ligados à mobilidade urbana. Sob essa perspectiva, como garantir que as políticas implementadas nos sistemas de mobilidade e outros setores vinculados a eles adotem um enfoque de direitos e de gênero? Este documento, que faz parte do projeto “Cidades inclusivas, sustentáveis e inteligentes no âmbito da Agenda 2030 para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável na América Latina e no Caribe”, do programa de cooperação CEPAL/BMZ-GIZ, aborda a mobilidade urbana a partir de uma visão social na qual convergem os direitos humanos, o enfoque de gênero e a matriz da desigualdade social. O objetivo é identificar âmbitos e instrumentos de política que favoreçam o gozo universal dos direitos humanos e evitem sua violação nos sistemas de mobilidade urbana da América Latina, bem como em outros setores relacionados com sua infraestrutura e sustentabilidade (energias renováveis, novas tecnologias, indústria automotiva e construção, entre outros). Para isso, estabelecem-se diretrizes de política dirigidas aos diversos atores públicos e privados com responsabilidades nessa matéria. |
| Keywords: | CIUDADES, ZONAS URBANAS, DESARROLLO URBANO, AGENDA 2030 PARA EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, AGENDA 2030 PARA EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, ASPECTOS SOCIALES, INFRAESTRUCTURA FISICA, BIENESTAR SOCIAL, DERECHOS HUMANOS, INCORPORACION DE LA PERSPECTIVA DE GENERO, IGUALDAD DE GENERO, TRANSPORTE URBANO, INNOVACIONES TECNOLOGICAS, CITIES, URBAN AREAS, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL ASPECTS, PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE, SOCIAL WELFARE, HUMAN RIGHTS, GENDER MAINSTREAMING, GENDER EQUALITY, URBAN TRANSPORT, TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS |
| Date: | 2022–11–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:48465&r=env |
| By: | Bruins, Susanne (Vrije Universiteit); Hottenga, Jouke-Jan; Neale, Michael C.; Pool, René; Boomsma, Dorret; Dolan, Conor V. |
| Abstract: | Genotype - environment (GxE) interaction occurs when genetic effects on an outcome (phenotype) are moderated by an environment, or when environmental effects on a phenotype are moderated by genes. Our aim is to present an overview of GxE interaction models, and to propose a test of GxE interaction, which includes observed genetic variables (polygenic scores: PGSs) which account for part of the additive genetic variance of the phenotype of interest. We introduce this environment-by-PGS interaction model and the results of a simulation study to address statistical power and parameter recovery. Next, we apply the model to empirical data on anxiety and negative affect in children. The power to detect environment-by-PGS interaction depends on the contributions of genes and environment to the phenotype, and on the strength of the PGS, i.e., the proportion of heritability captured by the PGS. We discuss the results of the simulation and the empirical study and consider under which conditions the environment-by-PGS model might yield biased or false positive results. |
| Date: | 2022–09–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:7a4v8&r=env |
| By: | Marek Giergiczny (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw); Sviataslau Valasiuk (Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw); Wiktor Kotowski (University of Warsaw, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Biology); Halina Galera (University of Warsaw, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Biology); Jette Bredahl Jacobsen (University of Copenhagen, Department of Food and Resource Economics, Faculty of Science); Julian Sagebiel (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Economics); Wendelin Wichtmann (University of Greifswald, Institute for Botany and Landscape Ecology); Ewa Jabłońska (University of Warsaw, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Biology) |
| Abstract: | Baltic Sea belongs to World’s most oxygen-depletes seas, so the region requires urgent mitigation measures to significantly reduce nitrogen and phosphorus inputs from land through rivers, which cannot be achieved without large-scale restoration of wetland buffer zones. The manuscript summarises the findings of the discrete choice experiment aimed at assessment of the preferences of Danish, German, and Polish citizens towards ecosystem services of lowland small rivers of the Baltic Sea basin. Our results suggest that respondents in all the studied countries are willing to pay substantial amounts to improve water quality in rivers and the Baltic Sea, as well as to restore naturally meandering rivers and natural riparian vegetation. Wild marshes and Wetland agriculture were equally valued as the most desirable options. Respondents systematically cared about the appearance of small rivers in their neighbourhood. We conclude that re-meandering, re-wetting of floodplains, and restoration of wild marshes or development of wetland agriculture could gain a lot of public support in Europe. |
| Keywords: | Baltic Sea, discrete choice experiment, ecosystem services, restoration, small rivers, willingness to pay |
| JEL: | Q51 Q57 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:war:wpaper:2021-15&r=env |
| By: | Frederich Kirsten (College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg); Mduduzi Biyase (College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg); Talent Zwane (College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the relationship between poverty and ecological footprint for BRICS nations. The data for BRICS is obtained from the World Bank's world development indicators, Global Footprint Network, Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) and PovcalNet for the period 1996 to 2017. Panel autoregressive distributed lag (PARDL) and their corresponding preliminary cross-sectional dependence and second generations specification tests were used for the analysis of the data. The estimates from the full sample support the literature, revealing a robust long-run relationship between poverty and ecological footprint. Specifically, results demonstrate that poverty gap help to reduce environmental degradation in terms of EFP in the full sample. However, the effect of poverty on ecological footprint becomes positive when we split the sample-exclude China from the full sample. Our results are robust to various measures of ecological footprint, poverty and to alternative empirical specifications. The implication of the current upward trend of environmental degradation for some BRICS countries and the high poverty in others suggest that policy makers have a long way to go and given growth trajectory of the BRICS nations, the future of the planet could very well be in the hands of these developing nations. |
| Keywords: | BRICS; poverty; ecological footprint; PARDL |
| JEL: | F18 Q56 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ady:wpaper:edwrg-06-2022&r=env |
| By: | Claude Francoeur; Faten Lakhal (Research Center - Léonard de Vinci Pôle Universitaire - De Vinci Research Center); Safa Gaaya; Itidel Ben Saad |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02976839&r=env |
| By: | Alam, Mohammad Faiz; Durga, Neha; Sikka, Alok; Verma, Shilp; Mitra, Archisman; Amarasinghe, Upali; Mahapatra, Smaranika |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2022–08–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:329168&r=env |
| By: | Sangmin Oh; Ishita Sen; Ana-Maria Tenekedjieva |
| Abstract: | Homeowners’ insurance, a $15 trillion market by coverage, provides households financial protection from climate losses. Insurance premiums (rates) are subject to significant regulations at a state level in the United States. Using novel data on filings made by insurers to regulators, we propose a metric to quantify the extent of regulation in individual states. We provide evidence of decoupling of insurance rates from their underlying risks and identify regulation as a driving force behind this pattern. Rates are least reflective of risk in states we classify as "high friction", i.e. states where regulations appear most restrictive. We identify two sources behind the decoupling. First, in high friction states, rates have not adequately adjusted in response to the growth in losses. Second, insurers have cross-subsidized high friction states by raising rates in low friction states. Our results imply that households in low friction states are disproportionately bearing the risks of households in high friction states. More broadly, our findings question whether insurance rates can play a useful role in steering climate adaptation and whether households will have continued access to insurance. |
| Keywords: | Climate Risk; Cross-subsidies; Homeowners' Insurance; Insurance Availability; Rate Regulation |
| JEL: | G22 G52 G28 G32 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–10–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedgfe:2022-64&r=env |
| By: | Boudekhdekh, Karim |
| Abstract: | This paper focuses on analyzing energy prices subsidies distribution in the MENA region among its seven components, according to the products that benefit from subsidized prices, and by per capita. As a nominal average of the years 2013, 2015, and 2017, both Iran and KSA had the higher nominal pre-tax subsidy averages estimated to $52.11 and $45.54 billion respectively, and also had higher post-tax subsidy averages estimated to $118.55 and $114.81 respectively. Global warming and local air pollution were the most important components after the pre-tax subsidies component in all MENA region countries. The “Congestion” component came after the level of the two environmental components averages in oilexporting countries, while the “accidents” component in almost all the oil-importing countries came after the level of the two environmental components averages. By products, petroleum products were the main products that benefited from energy prices subsidies in almost all MENA countries. The reform process must take into account the specifics of each country with regard to the details of energy subsidies at its level, as energy subsidies vary from one country to another, whether in terms of its value, the weight of its components, and the subsidy share of each energy products. |
| Keywords: | energy; energy subsidy; economic policy; MENA region. |
| JEL: | E62 H20 Q40 Q43 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:115275&r=env |
| By: | Nosra Ben Fradj (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Laure Bamière (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Bien que l'agriculture en PACA n'émette que 3% des émissions de GES régionales, elle peut améliorer son propre bilan si des pratiques agricoles permettant de réduire les émissions GES, préserver et accroître le stockage de carbone dans les sols et la biomasse sont mises en oeuvre. Cette fiche présente les principaux résultats de ces travaux pour la région PACA et promeut les pratiques les plus atténuantes. |
| Keywords: | atténuation GES,MACC,coût d'abattement,stockage de carbone,PACA |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03789308&r=env |
| By: | Yoshida, Yuki; Sitas, Nadia; Mannetti, Lelani; O'Farrell, Patrick; Arroyo-Robles, Gabriela; Berbés-Blázquez, Marta; González-Jiménez, David; Nelson, Valerie; Niamir, Aidin; Harmáčková, Zuzana V. |
| Abstract: | Gray literature is increasingly considered to complement evidence and knowledge from peer-reviewed literature for science-policy processes and applied research. On the one hand, science-policy assessments need to both consider a diversity of worldviews, knowledge types and values from a variety of sectors and actor groups, and synthesize policy-relevant findings that are salient, legitimate and credible. On the other hand, practitioners and scholars conducting applied research, especially in environmental and health-related fields, are affected by the time lag and documented biases of academic publication processes. While gray literature holds diverse perspectives that need to be integrated in science-policy processes as well as practical evidence unfiltered by commercial publication processes, its heterogeneity has made it challenging to access through conventional means for a literature review. This paper details one endeavor within the Values Assessment of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) to review gray literature using Google’s Programmable Search Engine. In the absence of a standardized approach, we build on a limited experiential knowledge base for reviewing gray literature and report on the potential applicability of our strategy for future reviews. Our results contrast the findings of our parallel review of academic literature, underlining the importance of mobilizing different knowledge bases in science-policy assessments, evidence-based practices, and applied research. |
| Date: | 2022–10–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:kcqem&r=env |
| By: | Thomas Coisnon (SMART-LERECO - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, IRSTV - Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville - FR 2488 - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - UA - Université d'Angers - InSHS - Institut des Sciences Humaines et Sociales - CSTB - Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - ULR - La Rochelle Université - Cerema - Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Ecole Supérieure des Géomètres et Topographes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INSIS - Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes - Air Pays de la Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Nantes Univ - ECN - Nantes Université - École Centrale de Nantes - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Nantes Univ - ENSA Nantes - NANTES UNIVERSITÉ - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Anne Musson (SMART-LERECO - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, IRSTV - Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville - FR 2488 - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - UA - Université d'Angers - InSHS - Institut des Sciences Humaines et Sociales - CSTB - Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - ULR - La Rochelle Université - Cerema - Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Ecole Supérieure des Géomètres et Topographes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INSIS - Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes - Air Pays de la Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Nantes Univ - ECN - Nantes Université - École Centrale de Nantes - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Nantes Univ - ENSA Nantes - NANTES UNIVERSITÉ - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Damien Rousseliere (SMART-LERECO - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, IRSTV - Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville - FR 2488 - BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - UA - Université d'Angers - InSHS - Institut des Sciences Humaines et Sociales - CSTB - Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - ULR - La Rochelle Université - Cerema - Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Ecole Supérieure des Géomètres et Topographes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INSIS - Institut des Sciences de l'Ingénierie et des Systèmes - Air Pays de la Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Nantes Univ - ECN - Nantes Université - École Centrale de Nantes - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Nantes Univ - ENSA Nantes - NANTES UNIVERSITÉ - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Agathe Le Royer (Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); François Viaud (ESSCA School of Management, France) |
| Abstract: | The increasing use of life cycle analysis (LCA) methods in order to estimate environmental and social impacts of food products enhances a better understanding of how agricultural production systems contribute to their territories' environmental and social quality in a positive or negative way. However, the contribution of agriculture to landscape quality and living environment within these territories is never included although some agricultural practices, such as urban pastures, may generate significant landscape amenities that may be valued by locals. From a series of surveys within the Nantes Métropole territory and relying on the study-case of the Vache nantaise, we provide a set of indicators to measure the living environment dimension into future impact analysis. We show how the development of a local urban meat branch involving pastures may contribute to the living environment through inhabitants' experience, branch sustainability and territorial sustainability. |
| Abstract: | L'usage croissant des méthodes d'analyse de cycle de vie (ACV) pour évaluer les impacts environnementaux et sociaux des produits alimentaires permet de mieux comprendre dans quelle mesure les systèmes de production agricole contribuent, positivement ou négativement, à la qualité environnementale et sociale des territoires dans lesquels ils s'inscrivent. Cependant, la contribution des activités agricoles au cadre de vie et à la qualité paysagère des territoires est peu considérée alors même que certaines pratiques, telles que l'éco-pâturage, génèrent des aménités paysagères valorisées par les acteurs du territoire. Sur la base d'enquêtes auprès d'acteurs du territoire de Nantes Métropole et en nous appuyant sur le cas d'étude de la Vache nantaise, nous proposons un tableau de bord mesurant la dimension liée au cadre de vie pour de futures analyses d'impact. Nous montrons comment le développement d'une micro-filière viande en milieu urbain peut contribuer, à travers ses pratiques d'éco-pâturage, au cadre de vie local en agissant sur l'expérience des habitants, la durabilité de la filière et la durabilité du territoire lui-même. |
| Keywords: | Life Cycle Analysis,Urban agriculture,Landscape and living environment,Analyse de Cycle de Vie,Agriculture urbaine,Paysage et cadre de vie |
| Date: | 2022–11–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03844256&r=env |
| By: | Dylan Radovic; Lucas Kruitwagen; Christian Schroeder de Witt; Ben Caldecott; Shane Tomlinson; Mark Workman |
| Abstract: | The energy transition potentially poses an existential risk for major international oil companies (IOCs) if they fail to adapt to low-carbon business models. Projections of energy futures, however, are met with diverging assumptions on its scale and pace, causing disagreement among IOC decision-makers and their stakeholders over what the business model of an incumbent fossil fuel company should be. In this work, we used deep multi-agent reinforcement learning to solve an energy systems wargame wherein players simulate IOC decision-making, including hydrocarbon and low-carbon investments decisions, dividend policies, and capital structure measures, through an uncertain energy transition to explore critical and non-linear governance questions, from leveraged transitions to reserve replacements. Adversarial play facilitated by state-of-the-art algorithms revealed decision-making strategies robust to energy transition uncertainty and against multiple IOCs. In all games, robust strategies emerged in the form of low-carbon business models as a result of early transition-oriented movement. IOCs adopting such strategies outperformed business-as-usual and delayed transition strategies regardless of hydrocarbon demand projections. In addition to maximizing value, these strategies benefit greater society by contributing substantial amounts of capital necessary to accelerate the global low-carbon energy transition. Our findings point towards the need for lenders and investors to effectively mobilize transition-oriented finance and engage with IOCs to ensure responsible reallocation of capital towards low-carbon business models that would enable the emergence of fossil fuel incumbents as future low-carbon leaders. |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2211.11043&r=env |
| By: | Islam, Monirul; Sohag, Kazi; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | The clean energy transitions require a large volume of minerals to handle its diverse technologies, such as solar photovoltaics (PV), wind turbines etc. Therefore, mineral importing countries concentrated on cleaner energy production confront an uprising trend in critical mineral prices due to thriving demands. We quest for the response of the top mineral importing countries' import demand for minerals to the clean energy transitions from 1996 to 2019 within the import-demand function analysis. Using the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) method, our findings divulge a significantly positive response of mineral import demand to solar and wind energy productions in the long run. We also find that mineral price elasticity holds the Marshallian demand hypothesis in the mineral-laden solar energy generation while contradicting it in wind energy production. In addition, the oil price substitution effect does not sustain, whereas exchange rate depreciates mineral import demands in the long run. Therefore, our policy implications encompass optimizing the mineral resources for clean energy transitions to materialize the 21st century's global agenda of a decarbonized or net-zero emissions trajectory. |
| Date: | 2022–07–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:kbj69&r=env |
| By: | Shi, Longzhong; Chen, Xuan; Chen, Bo; Qiu, Jingran; Li, Li |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asae21:329403&r=env |
| By: | Sheng, Jiping; Su, Wenfan; Li, Songhan |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asae21:329422&r=env |
| By: | Basak Bayramoglu (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Jean-François Jacques (ERUDITE - Equipe de Recherche sur l’Utilisation des Données Individuelles en lien avec la Théorie Economique - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - Université Gustave Eiffel); Clément Nedoncelle (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Lucille Neumann-Noel (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Foreign aid allocation by donor countries to developing economies is known to be motivated by the donor country's bilateral trade interests. Does this apply also to bilateral climate aid? In this paper, we combine theoretical and empirical analyses to investigate how bilateral trade affects donor countries' allocations of bilateral climate aid. Our theoretical analysis develops a simple model to support our hypothesis that bilateral trade has a positive impact on climate aid transfers. The model highlights the terms-of-trade and positive income effects of climate aid, and predicts a positive relationship between donor countries' exports to and imports from recipient countries and their climate aid transfers. The empirical analysis is based on bilateral climate aid data for 2002 to 2017. We employ fixed effects and instrumental variable-2 stage least square estimations (IV-2SLS) with a shift-share instrument to overcome the endogeneity of trade. Our empirical results show that donors' exports have a significant, robust, positive effect on climate aid transfers. |
| Abstract: | L'allocation de l'aide étrangère par les pays donateurs aux économies en développement est connue pour être motivée par les intérêts commerciaux bilatéraux du pays donateur. Cela s'applique-t-il également à l'aide climatique bilatérale ? Dans cet article, nous combinons des analyses théoriques et empiriques pour étudier comment le commerce bilatéral affecte les allocations d'aide climatique bilatérale aux pays donateurs. Notre analyse théorique développe un modèle simple pour soutenir notre hypothèse selon laquelle le commerce bilatéral a un impact positif sur les transferts d'aide climatique. Le modèle met en évidence les termes de l'échange et les effets positifs de l'aide climatique sur les revenus, et prédit une relation positive entre les exportations et importations des pays donateurs vers les pays bénéficiaires et leurs transferts d'aide climatique. L'analyse empirique est basée sur les données de l'aide climatique bilatérale pour 2002 à 2017. Nous utilisons des effets fixes et des estimations des moindres carrés de la variable instrumentale à 2 étapes (IV-2SLS) avec un instrument de répartition pour surmonter l'endogénéité du commerce. Nos résultats empiriques montrent que les exportations des donateurs ont un effet significatif, robuste et positif sur les transferts d'aide climatique. |
| Keywords: | Climate Aid,Trade,Transfers,Mitigation |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03833067&r=env |
| By: | Nosra Ben Fradj (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INA P-G - Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon); Laure Bamière (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INA P-G - Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon) |
| Abstract: | L'agriculture contribue à hauteur de 28% aux émissions de GES. En même temps, elle représente un potentiel d'atténuation élevé lorsque des pratiques agricoles permettant de réduire les émissions GES, préserver et accroître le stockage de carbone dans les sols et la biomasse sont mises en oeuvre. Cette fiche présente les principaux résultats de ces travaux pour la région Normandie et promeut les pratiques les plus atténuantes. |
| Keywords: | MACC,coût d'abattement,atténuation GES,stockage de carbone |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03794128&r=env |
| By: | Nosra Ben Fradj (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INA P-G - Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon); Laure Bamière (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INA P-G - Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon) |
| Abstract: | Contribuant à hauteur de 27% aux émissions de GES, l'agriculture est le deuxième secteur émetteur de la région. En même temps, elle représente un potentiel d'atténuation élevé lorsque des pratiques agricoles permettant de réduire les émissions GES, préserver et accroître le stockage de carbone dans les sols et la biomasse sont mises en oeuvre. Cette fiche présente les principaux résultats de ces travaux pour la région Nouvelle-Aquitaine et promeut les pratiques les plus atténuantes. |
| Keywords: | MACC,coût d'abattement,atténuation GES,stockage de carbone |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03794136&r=env |
| By: | Andrew Blazey; Margaux Lelong; Flavia Giannini |
| Abstract: | In 2017, Italy became the first country in the OECD to link well-being indicators to economic and budget programming in government. The achievement was but one milestone in the country’s development of its Equitable and Sustainable Well-being framework. The Treasury Department of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, in conjunction with the National Institute of Statistics, has continued to develop the framework since then. This Action Plan contributes to that development by proposing ways to progress the integration of equitable and sustainable well-being indicators into policy development and budgeting. The Action Plan contributed to a consultation process with government ministries and stakeholders in 2022 by identifying a range of actions the government could consider in the near and medium term to achieve that integration outcome. |
| Keywords: | Budgeting, Equitable and Sustainable Well-being, Well-being Budget |
| JEL: | H50 H51 H60 H61 |
| Date: | 2022–11–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:govaaa:56-en&r=env |
| By: | Nosra Ben Fradj (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INA P-G - Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon); Laure Bamière (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INA P-G - Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon) |
| Abstract: | Bien que l'agriculture francilienne ne soit responsable que de 2% des émissions de GES au niveau régional, elle peut améliorer son propre bilan et contribuer à l'atténuation des émissions de GES nationales en mettant en place des pratiques permettant de réduire les émissions GES, préserver et accroître le stockage de carbone dans les sols et la biomasse. Cette fiche présente les principaux résultats de ces travaux pour la région Île de France et promeut les pratiques les plus atténuantes. |
| Keywords: | MACC,coût d'abattement,atténuation GES,stockage de carbone |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03794162&r=env |
| By: | Rowe, Francisco (University of Liverpool) |
| Abstract: | Global warming is increasing the frequency of extreme weather events leading to an increased risk of large-scale population displacements. Since June 2022, Pakistan has recorded destructive flash flooding resulting from melting glaciers and torrential monsoon rainfall. Emergency responses have documented flood-related deaths, injuries and infrastructure, less is known about population displacements resulting from recent floods. Information on these populations and mobility is critical to ensure the appropriate delivery of humanitarian assistance where it is most needed. Lack of granular spatial data in real time have been a key barrier. This article uses digital footprint data from Meta-Facebook to identify the patterns of population displacement in Pakistan in near real time. |
| Date: | 2022–09–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:c42sf&r=env |
| By: | Khuc, Quy Van |
| Abstract: | To nurture our next generation and/or build an ecosurplus culture, high value culture, I advocate Mindspongeducation (mindspongedu), a framework (theory) for making decisions. This framework is built on the information processing mechanism using the environmental values as a core ones. To be more specific, the framework is an extended serendipity-mindsponge-3D knowledge management systems. |
| Date: | 2022–09–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:hqkbw&r=env |
| By: | Guglielmo Maria Caporale; Cristiana Donati; Nicola Spagnolo |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the factors (such as different sources of financing, energy audits and internal monitoring activities) affecting the propensity of European small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) to adopt energy efficiency measures (EEMs). For this purpose, a Probit model is estimated using data from the 2017 Flash Eurobarometer survey covering a large sample of European firms. The analysis is carried out for the full sample as well as for clusters based on an environmental performance index (EPI) and on the level of economic development in turn. The results indicate that internal financing always has a positive effect on a firm’s propensity to adopt EEMs. Private external sources of financing appear to be more important for Western European firms as well as for those located in countries with a greater level of environmental awareness; in the latter, when firms combine private financing with energy audits or internal monitoring activities the propensity to adopt EEMs increases further. By contrast, in the Eastern Countries this occurs when firms simultaneously rely on public funds and monitoring activities. |
| Keywords: | energy efficiency measures, EPI, financing, SMEs |
| JEL: | G32 O16 Q40 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10066&r=env |
| By: | Chunli, Wan; Dongli, Wu |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asae21:329428&r=env |
| By: | Durrmeyer, Isis; Martinez, Nicolas |
| Abstract: | We develop a structural model to represent individual transportation decisions, the equilibrium road traffic levels, and speeds inside a city. The model is micro-founded and incorporates a high level of heterogeneity: individuals differ in access to transportation modes, values of travel time, and schedule constraints; road congestion technologies vary within the city. We apply our model to the Paris metropolitan area and estimate the model parameters from publicly available data. We predict the road traffic equilibria under driving restrictions and road tolls and measure the policy consequences on the different welfare components: individual surplus, tax revenues, and cost of emissions. |
| Keywords: | structural model; policy evaluation, transportation; congestion, distributional effects; air pollution |
| JEL: | L9 R41 Q52 |
| Date: | 2022–11–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:127467&r=env |
| By: | Kishore, Prabhat; Singh, Dharam R.; Srivastava, Shivendra; Kumar, Arun; Prakash |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asae21:329408&r=env |
| By: | Wang, Xingdong; Lu, Pan |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asae21:329393&r=env |
| By: | Mindsponge, AISDL |
| Abstract: | We propose the theory of ecomindsponge to focus on examining the human information processing system in relation to the Earth’s ecosphere. This can help in the quest of knowing where we stand in this Universe and the basic mechanisms of how we interact with the natural environment. |
| Date: | 2022–09–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:grjh7&r=env |
| By: | B., ANDI EKA WAHYUNI NASHAR |
| Abstract: | Diare adalah buang air besar (defekasi) dengan tinja berbentuk cair atau setengah cair (setengah padat), kandungan air tinja lebih banyak dari biasanya lebih dari 200 g atau 200 ml/24 jam. Definisi lain memakai kriteria frekuensi, yaitu buang air besar encer lebih dari 3 kali per hari. Buang air besar encer tersebut dapat/tanpa disertai lendir dan darah. |
| Date: | 2022–09–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:3d5ft&r=env |
| By: | Nguyen, Minh-Hoang; Le, Tam-Tri |
| Abstract: | We propose the theory of ecomindsponge to focus on examining the human information processing system in relation to the Earth’s ecosphere. This can help in the quest of knowing where we stand in this Universe and the basic mechanisms of how we interact with the natural environment. |
| Date: | 2022–09–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:aj2rz&r=env |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | El propósito de este análisis, realizado de manera conjunta por autoridades nacionales y provinciales, con la colaboración de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), es elaborar una agenda productiva y tecnológica basada en lineamientos estratégicos para la provincia de Misiones, una de las más pequeñas en superficie y más densamente pobladas de la Argentina, que alberga la mitad de la biodiversidad del país en un tercio de su territorio. Localizada en una posición estratégica entre el Paraguay y el Brasil, dentro del MERCOSUR, integra 74 áreas naturales protegidas y el cordón de selva paranaense. La distinción entre áreas protegidas y zonas productivas genera en el corto plazo cierta tensión entre las oportunidades de desarrollo productivo y tecnológico y la necesidad de preservar el medio ambiente. También es una oportunidad para pensar en un modelo productivo en que el conocimiento, la tecnología y la revalorización del ecosistema natural, impulsados desde la provincia, se traduzcan en vectores de desarrollo para una mayor diversificación y mejora del entramado productivo. |
| Date: | 2022–10–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:48194&r=env |
| By: | Rodolfo Hoffmann; Josimar Gonçalves de Jesus |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ayt:wpaper:69&r=env |
| By: | Bianchi, Milo; Liu, Zhengkai; Wang, Gang |
| Abstract: | We exploit account-level data from the Shanghai Stock Exchange to investigate how life-time experiences affect individual investors’ demand for ESG stocks. We show that ESG demand is shaped by economic and non-economic experiences, such as growing up in a region with more pro-social values, being exposed to increased pollution or to a natural disaster. Recent experiences tend to matter more, and noneconomic experiences are particularly important to explain how investors change their ESG demand during their trading life. We provide suggestive evidence that these experiences affect investors’ intrinsic preferences for ESG stocks. |
| Keywords: | Responsible investment; experience effects; pro-social attitudes;; ESG trading |
| JEL: | G11 G41 G51 |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:126861&r=env |
| By: | Preminger, Ambrose Jude |
| Abstract: | The economy of today is characterized by rapid change at any given time. Adaptability is the key to success in such an environment. When one examines the historical development of economic theory, it becomes evident that the development of industry and the advancement of a community's economy are based on the development of new ideas and innovations. Without being at the forefront of science and innovation, it is unlikely that any country will be able to pass the development route. An important tool for achieving this goal is entrepreneurship. In an economic system based on entrepreneurship, innovators and owners of ideas are among the most important factors for the advancement of the system. Entrepreneurship is closely related to economic and social development, and it is considered an important indicator of development in developing countries today. In light of the special role and position of entrepreneurs in the process of economic growth and community development, many governments in developed and leading countries are attempting to foster the development of a number of community members with entrepreneurial characteristics. Aiming to maximize opportunities and exploit research achievements in order to promote entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial activities. By promoting entrepreneurship and providing an environment conducive to growth and development, it will be possible to eliminate current issues and problems associated with entrepreneurship, as well as the unemployment of university graduates and the great problem of other unemployed persons. Research has shown that entrepreneurship can contribute to economic growth through a variety of channels. In order to create knowledge overflow in the new theories of growth, when the economy reaches sustainable status, income growth per capita would only be possible via knowledge growth, which would result in more efficient production technologies with greater productivity. With this context in mind, the intersection of social entrepreneurship, technology development, and sustainable development is very important in today's world. Developing entrepreneurship is essential to meeting these needs and achieving these goals. |
| Keywords: | Community Development; Entrepreneurial Activities; Entrepreneurship; innovation; Social Entrepreneurship, Sustainable Development, Sustainable Development and Technology. |
| JEL: | L26 O14 Q01 |
| Date: | 2022–10–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:115295&r=env |
| By: | Blanc, Corin |
| Abstract: | En 2021, les préoccupations environnementales se hissaient au deuxième rang des inquiétudes principales des Français, derrière la violence et l’insécurité. Un véritable renversement de l’ordre des inquiétudes s’est opéré notamment depuis les confinements successifs de 2020. Grâce au travail de prévention et de médiatisation de nombreux acteurs, les problèmes environnementaux, historiquement souvent écartés au profit de sujets comme le chômage et l’immigration, sont aujourd’hui amplement reconnus par la population française. Toutefois, ces dangers sont variés et différemment perçus selon les groupes sociaux. Afin d’atténuer leurs conséquences néfastes, de nombreuses pratiques pro-environnementales existent. De nature multiple, allant du tri des déchets ménagers au transport quotidien « propre », ils font aujourd’hui partie intégrante de la vie des Français. Nous montrons que ces efforts exercent une influence positive sur le bien-être de ceux qui les pratiquent. Notre travail s’inscrit dans la continuité des études déjà produites par le Ministère de la Transition Écologique et de la Cohésion des Territoires sur le sujet. L’ensemble des résultats présentés provient des plateformes « Bien-être » et « Environnement » de l’Enquête mensuelle de conjoncture auprès des ménages (CAMME) réalisée par l’INSEE. |
| Keywords: | Environnement, France |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpm:notobe:2213&r=env |
| By: | Sharma, Rahul |
| Abstract: | Aside from improving women's and youth's livelihoods and options, digitalization can contribute to the development of an inclusive future for smallholder farmers around the globe. Through the use of this technology, the agri-food sector and rural areas can be galvanized to become more productive and sustainable. In the course of research, rural development has been conceptualized in a variety of ways by researchers, ranging from a set of goals and programs to a well-integrated strategy, approach, or even an ideology in some cases. As far as the scope and content of the relevant literature are concerned, there is a lack of clarity. In addition, there are no clearly defined analytical boundaries within the literature. Several occasions have been called to the attention of the authors that this may be considered both as a strength and a weakness at the same time. One of the cornerstones of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is the development of digitally skilled rural communities because it allows for the diversification of incomes, and it allows for the creation of new employment opportunities and business opportunities for future generations, both on and off the farm, as well as allowing for the development of these skills. Due to the increasing demand for safe and nutritious food, digital technologies are particularly well suited to help the world's agrifood systems meet this growing demand, while also contributing to high-quality productivity growth and economic inclusion of marginalized groups in the economy, as well as better managing natural resources. |
| Keywords: | Rural development through technology, technology impact on rural livelihood, rural sector opportunities, impact of technology on rural youth and women |
| JEL: | F63 I25 O1 O15 O32 |
| Date: | 2022–10–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:115336&r=env |
| By: | Tosun, Mehmet S. (University of Nevada, Reno); Watson, Ethan D. (North Carolina State University); Yildiz, Serhat (University of Nevada, Reno) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effect of firm-level investment on the levels of income inequality and poverty. Using a sample of firms from 87 countries for the period from 1979 to 2018, we document that firm-level investment is negatively associated with various measures of income inequality. This negative association is robust to alternative firm-level capital investment proxies, empirical model specifications, and a variety of country-level controls. Further evidence shows that firm-level investment is also negatively related to several measures of poverty. Overall, our results indicate that firm-level capital expenditures provide benefit to the poor and, thus, decreases income inequality. Our findings indicate that firm-level capital investment can be a valuable tool for countries that are aiming to achieve the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals of reducing inequality and poverty. Our results may also be beneficial to policy makers as they consider a variety of regulatory and taxation measures that may constrain or help firm's ability to invest. |
| Keywords: | income inequality, corporate capital expenditure, poverty, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) |
| JEL: | D31 E22 I32 O15 O16 |
| Date: | 2022–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15680&r=env |
| By: | Kilian Heutte (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Fabienne Daures (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sterenn Lucas (SMART-LERECO - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Sophie Girard (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Frédérique Alban (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Pascal Le Floc'H (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 has led to the closure of commercial catering, restrictions on imports and fishing. Besides a restrictive and anxiety-provoking context, consumption habits have likely been challenged. Fresh fishery and aquaculture products (FAP) are largely consumed at home and are very sensitive to logistical constraints (short shelf life). Quantitative data on household home purchases in metropolitan France from 2017 to 2021 were used. It seems consumption of fresh FAPs has not truly adapted to the national fish production in disregard of import restrictions and available surpluses. While the consumption of fresh shellfish at home did not change significantly in 2020, salmon and cod are still substantially preferred by French consumers at home, although their French production is almost non-existent. On the contrary, locally produced fish species remain little consumed at home. The abundant supply of fresh salmon initially destined for other markets has consolidated the dominant position of this species in the French home consumption market. Initiated by supermarkets and hypermarkets and followed by consumers, the trend to purchase pre-packaged fresh fish has been largely amplified by the pandemic and seems to persist over time. |
| Abstract: | La crise sanitaire a provoqué la fermeture généralisée de la restauration commerciale, des restrictions sur les importations ainsi que sur l'exercice de la pêche. Additionnées à un contexte restrictif et anxiogène, les habitudes de consommation ont très probablement été remises en question. Les produits de la pêche et de l'aquaculture (PPA) frais sont largement consommés à domicile et sont très sensibles aux contraintes logistiques (conservation courte). Des données quantitatives sur les achats à domicile des ménages en France métropolitaine de 2017 à 2021 ont été utilisées. Il semble que la consommation de PPA frais ne se soit pas vraiment adaptée à la production nationale de poissons au mépris des restrictions à l'importation et des excédents disponibles. Alors que la consommation de coquillages frais à domicile n'a pas évolué de manière significative en 2020, le saumon et le cabillaud restent toujours largement privilégiés par les consommateurs français à domicile, bien que leur production française soit quasi inexistante. Au contraire, les espèces de poissons produites localement restent peu consommées à domicile. L'offre abondante de saumon frais, initialement destiné à d'autres marchés, a permis de consolider la position dominante de cette espèce sur le marché français de la consommation à domicile. Initiée par les supermarchés et hypermarchés et suivie par les consommateurs, la tendance à l'achat de poisson frais préemballé a été largement amplifiée par la pandémie et semble persister dans le temps. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19,Produits de la pêche et de l’aquaculture (PPA),Consommation,France,Comportement d’achat à domicile |
| Date: | 2022–10–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03818156&r=env |
| By: | Sana Ben Abdallah (UMA - Université de la Manouba [Tunisie]); Dhafer Saidane (SKEMA Business School); Mihaly Petreczky (CRIStAL - Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 - Centrale Lille - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we propose a new definition of sustainability that includes dynamics and equity. We propose a theoretical framework that allows finding a fair and sustainable strategy for all stakeholders. More precisely, the framework allows calculating a strategy which ensures that in the long run the interests of all the stakeholders are reconciled. In order to calculate a such a strategy, we model stakeholders and actors as dynamical systems in state-space form. Furthermore, we use robust control and linear matrix inequalities to calculate the desired strategy. We use several simulation scenarios to show the effectiveness of our proposed framework. Response to Reviewers: For a detailed response to reviewer's comments please see the pdf file containing the revised manuscript and our response to reviewers attached to the revised version of our manuscript |
| Keywords: | Sustainability,corporate social responsibility,stakeholder theory,control theory,linear matrix inequalities,Pareto-optimality |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03832613&r=env |
| By: | Chen, Yuquan; Fiankor, Dela-Dem Doe; Tan, Fuli |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:asae21:329433&r=env |
| By: | Katarzyna Zagórska (University of Warsaw, Faculty of Economic Sciences); Mikołaj Czajkowski (University of Warsaw, Faculty of Economic Sciences); Nick Hanley (2University of Glasgow, Institute Of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine) |
| Abstract: | We investigated public preferences regarding labelling and sale of genetically modified (GM) products in Poland. A Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) was used to investigate public preferences and Willingness To Pay (WTP) for new policies changing the current regulations with respect four types of products: food, processed food, commercial products, and pharmaceuticals. In addition to reporting the general results, we analyze the social and behavioral drivers of consumers’ preferences and WTP. The study examines relationship of self-assessed and objective knowledge, perceptions of risks and benefits, and attitudes associated with GMO to consumers’ preferences. |
| Keywords: | genetically modified organisms, labelling preferences, GM marketing, consumer preferences, GMO knowledge |
| JEL: | Q18 Q50 D12 D91 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:war:wpaper:2022-07&r=env |
| By: | Yasuhiro Asa; Takeshi Kato; Ryuji Mine |
| Abstract: | In solving today's social issues, it is necessary to determine solutions that are acceptable to all stakeholders and collaborate to apply them. The conventional technology of "permissive meeting analysis" derives a consensusable choice that falls within everyone's permissible range through mathematical analyses; however, it tends to be biased toward the majority in a group, making it difficult to reach a consensus when a conflict arises. To support consensus building (defined here as an acceptable compromise that not everyone rejects), we developed a composite consensus-building process. The developed process addresses this issue by combining permissible meeting analysis with a new "compromise choice-exploration" technology, which presents a consensusable choice that emphasizes fairness and equality among everyone when permissible meeting analysis fails to do so. When both permissible meeting analysis and compromise choice exploration do not arrive at a consensus, a facility is provided to create a sublated choice among those provided by them. The trial experimental results confirmed that permissive meeting analysis and compromise choice exploration are sufficiently useful for deriving consensusable choices. Furthermore, we found that compromise choice exploration is characterized by its ability to derive choices that control the balance between compromise and fairness. Our proposed composite consensus-building approach could be applied in a wide range of situations, from local issues in municipalities and communities to international issues such as environmental protection and human rights issues. It could also aid in developing digital democracy and platform cooperativism. |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2211.08593&r=env |
| By: | Khuc, Quy Van |
| Abstract: | Mindspongeconomics (mindspongecon) is a social science theory that studies decision-making processes that are based on the think-absorb-eject mechanism with the input being information particles from the living environment. Mindspongecon is a combination and expansion of the mindsponge theory and behavioral economics. This is a filter-based information processing system with an evaluation mechanism linked to pre-set core values. These values and the information received are the basis for actors such as individuals, households, businesses and governments to compare and evaluate, and ultimately to make decisions. The speed of this decision-making process depends on the information processing speed, and the clarity, detail, and priority of core values in their mindset/perception |
| Date: | 2022–09–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:hnucr&r=env |
| By: | Arulingam, Indika; Brady, G.; Chaya, M.; Conti, M.; Kgomotso, P. K.; Korzenszky, A.; Njie, D.; Schroth, G.; Suhardiman, Diana |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Food Security and Poverty, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2022–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:329171&r=env |
| By: | Atuesta, Bernardo; Van Hemelryck, Tamara |
| Abstract: | En el presente documento se abordan las medidas de protección social no contributiva de emergencia anunciadas en los países de América Latina y el Caribe en 2020 y 2021 como respuesta a la pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19). La rápida reacción de los gobiernos de la región y las innovaciones llevadas a cabo fueron clave para llegar a un amplio porcentaje de la población afectada y contener los efectos adversos en la pobreza y la desigualdad de las medidas tomadas para contener la pandemia. Este proceso permitió extraer lecciones fundamentales para avanzar hacia mecanismos que permitan brindar protección social de emergencia eficiente. Con ello, se espera aportar a la discusión sobre posibles vías para fortalecer sistemas universales, integrales, sostenibles y resilientes de protección social. |
| Keywords: | SEGURIDAD SOCIAL, SALUD, COVID-19, VIRUS, EPIDEMIAS, INGRESOS, GASTOS PUBLICOS, POLITICA SOCIAL, SOCIAL SECURITY, COVID-19, VIRUSES, EPIDEMICS, INCOME, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, SOCIAL POLICY |
| Date: | 2022–10–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:48199&r=env |
| By: | Eid-Sabbagh, K.; Roukoz, S.; Nassif, Marie-Helene; Velpuri, Naga; Mateo-Sagasta, Javier |
| Abstract: | Water scarcity and pollution are major threats for human development in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, and Lebanon is no exception. Wastewater treatment and reuse in agriculture can contribute to addressing the increasing water crisis in the MENA region. However, what is the actual potential of water reuse as a solution for agriculture in Lebanon? This report addresses this question and provides the most comprehensive assessment of water reuse potential up to now. Using geographic information system (GIS) modelling and the best and most recent data available in the country, the report develops a detailed technical assessment of the quantities of treated water available for safe reuse in irrigation, and identifies the wastewater treatment plants that have the highest potential for that purpose. The report also examines the governance barriers that need to be overcome for the water reuse potential to materialize in practice. These barriers include structural shortcomings in the wastewater sector combined with challenges of governance and the lack of a regulatory framework for reuse management. Once the current economic, financial and political crisis in Lebanon eases, addressing these barriers will be key to achieving more and safer water reuse in the country. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Financial Economics, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2022–09–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:329170&r=env |
| By: | Janifar Alam; Quazi Nur Alam; Abu Kalam |
| Abstract: | Tourism is one of the world's fastest expanding businesses, as well as a significant source of foreign exchange profits and jobs. The research is based on secondary sources. The facts and information were primarily gathered and analyzed from various published papers and articles. The study goals are to illustrate the current scenario of tourism industry in south Asia, classifies the restraints and recommends helpful key developments to achieve sustainable tourism consequently. The study revealed that major challenges of sustainable tourism in south Asian region are lack of infrastructure facilities, modern and sufficient recreation facilities, security and safety, proper training and HR, proper planning from government, marketing and information, product development, tourism awareness, security and safety, and political instability etc. The study also provides some suggestive measures that for the long-term growth of regional tourism, the government should establish and implement policies involving public and private investment and collaboration. |
| Date: | 2022–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2211.03411&r=env |