|
on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Valentina Ignatyeva (ESPACE - Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - COMUE UCA - COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) - AU - Avignon Université - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Sébastien Gadal (ESPACE - Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - COMUE UCA - COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) - AU - Avignon Université - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Côte d'Azur, North-Eastern Federal University) |
| Abstract: | Over recent years, the Arctic has become a key focus for the Russian Government, not only for the region's strategic importance but also for the economic potential that remains largely untapped due to poor accessibility of large parts of the territory and their detachment from major transportation and energy systems of the country. At the same time, considering the vulnerability of the Arctic ecosystem and the global trends toward energy transition and decarbonization, Renewable energy systems will likely need to play a key role in realizing the region's potential. Renewables have experienced exponential growth in recent years, as governments and societies are starting to understand the long-term implications of continued hydrocarbon reliance and the need for diversification and sustainable solutions for the future. The long-term sustainability of the economic development of the Arctic regions will be influenced by global environmental and climate regulation, as well as the ongoing transformation of energy markets. As more and more of Russia's economic partners are stepping on the path of carbon neutrality and increasing their goals to reduce emissions through improved energy efficiency measures and integration of green energy sources, Russia will need to consider embracing these global trends and begin incorporating the necessary policy changes in order to stay relevant and competitive in the long-term. Now is the perfect time to adopt the necessary incentives and prioritize resilient investments to help drive the country towards overcoming future economic and climate challenges and turn some of these potential hurdles into growth opportunities. |
| Keywords: | Green energy,Energy transition,Arctic,Sustainability,Energy security,Russia |
| Date: | 2022–07–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03736972&r= |
| By: | : Papadopoulos, Georgios (European Commission) |
| Abstract: | Corporate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data underpin almost every economic analysis related to climate change, spanning from firms’ transition risk to their ESG ratings and, ultimately, their reduction is fundamental in addressing global warming. However, various quality issues plague relevant data. This study documents the scale of discrepancies in GHG emissions data among three commercial data providers along various dimensions, investigates the reasons behind these and examines the possible ramifications for assessing firms’ environmental performance. It finds widespread inconsistencies between data providers in every emissions category, through time and across sectors. The lowest -yet important- inconsistencies are observed in direct emissions data (Scope 1) and they progressively increase in indirect emissions (Scope 2 and Scope 3). A sectoral analysis reveals specific sectors with higher levels of inconsistencies. A detailed investigation shows that inconsistencies originate from a few, common sources, mostly related to the nature of emissions disclosure requirements. Finally, a simple ranking exercise exhibits that these inconsistencies can translate into diverging carbon performance assessments. |
| Keywords: | corporate GHG emissions, disclosure, data inconsistency, corporate carbon performance |
| JEL: | Q53 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrs:wpaper:202212&r= |
| By: | Tobias Adrian; Nina Boyarchenko; Domenico Giannone; Ananthakrishnan Prasad; Dulani Seneviratne; Yanzhe Xiao |
| Abstract: | We use a long history of global temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration to estimate the conditional joint evolution of temperature and CO2 at a millennial frequency. We document three basic facts. First, the temperature–CO2 dynamics are non-linear, so that large deviations in either temperature or CO2 concentrations take a long time to correct–on the scale of multiple millennia. Second, the joint dynamics of temperature and CO2 concentrations exhibit multimodality around historical turning points in temperature and concentration cycles, so that prior to the start of cooling periods, there is a noticeable probability that temperature and CO2 concentrations may continue to increase. Finally, evaluating the future evolution of temperature and CO2 concentration conditional on alternative scenarios realizing, we document that, even conditional on the net-zero 2050 scenario, there remains a significant risk of elevated temperatures for at least a further five millennia. |
| Keywords: | climate change; multimodality; Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS) scenarios |
| JEL: | Q54 C14 C53 |
| Date: | 2022–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednsr:94741&r= |
| By: | Pizarro Gariazzo, Rodrigo |
| Abstract: | Debido a su naturaleza global y al alcance de su impacto, el cambio climático plantea una serie de desafíos complejos e interconectados para la política pública. Por ello, los países necesitan disponer de una amplia variedad de datos e indicadores para comprender todos los factores vinculados a la gestión climática y las múltiples dimensiones que esta abarca: las presiones y fuerzas motrices que actúan sobre el cambio climático, los efectos directos e indirectos que este tiene en los sistemas humanos y ambientales y, sobre todo, la evaluación de las respuestas que ofrece la gestión pública. El Sistema de Contabilidad Ambiental y Económica (SCAE) conceptualiza el nexo entre medio ambiente y economía aplicando un enfoque sistémico para integrar información de distintos ámbitos. El objetivo de este documento es explicar cómo el SCAE puede usarse para apoyar la toma de decisiones relativas al cambio climático, teniendo en cuenta que solo un marco estadístico completo, que integre información de múltiples fuentes y sistemas, puede dar cuenta de la complejidad del cambio climático y permitir la generación de la información necesaria para adoptar decisiones adecuadas. |
| Keywords: | MEDIO AMBIENTE, CAMBIO CLIMATICO, POLITICA AMBIENTAL, CONTABILIDAD AMBIENTAL, INFORMACION AMBIENTAL, TOMA DE DECISIONES, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTING, ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION, DECISION-MAKING, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT |
| Date: | 2022–05–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:47903&r= |
| By: | Lucas Bretschger (CER-ETH – Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich, Zuerichbergstrasse 18 8092 Zurich, Switzerland) |
| Abstract: | The paper develops the concept of "Economic Pathways" (EPs), which characterize theory-based scenarios for an economy that strives to achieve decarbonization by mid-century. The theoretical framework derives closed-from analytical solutions for consumption, innovation, emissions, and population. The EPs differ in the stringency of assumed policies and associated income and emission development. Unlike the well-known "Shared Socioeconomic Pathways", they allow important causalities between the economy and the environment to be included and significantly narrow the scope of likely future developments. The quantitative part serves to illustrate the long-term consequences of climate policy. I show that deep decarbonization only moderately delays economic development, but requires increasing escalation of the carbon price. Subsidies to the research sector support income development significantly. The paper argues that the adoption of more stringent climate policies becomes more likely as the phase-out of fossil fuels increases. The "Green Road" is not only feasible, but also attractive and realistic. |
| Keywords: | Climate policies, consumption growth, population growth, endogenous innovation, economic pathways |
| JEL: | Q43 O47 Q56 O41 |
| Date: | 2022–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eth:wpswif:22-375&r= |
| By: | Schenuit, Felix; Böttcher, Miranda; Geden, Oliver |
| Abstract: | The implementation of the new net emission targets for 2030 and 2050 as part of the European Green Deal is moving the deliberate removal of CO2 from the atmosphere up the agendas of political decision-makers. In its latest report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) also recently reiterated that net-zero targets cannot be achieved without the deployment of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) methods. The political debate in the European Union (EU) about CDR has changed rapidly in recent years, with almost all political actors now calling for a new regulatory framework for CDR to become an integral building block of EU climate policy. However, fundamental conflicts are brewing over the question as to which removal methods and policy instruments should be implemented and which priorities should be set. There are signs of emerging political alliances on the EU level that will shape the Fit-for-55 legislation in the short term and prestructure the debate on the design of climate policy between 2030 and 2040. |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:402022&r= |
| By: | Liebrich M. HIEMSTRA |
| Abstract: | This article will explain the characteristics of the financial side of energy markets. It aims to clarify why financial contracts are needed in the energy sector and how such transactions are conducted by energy companies. A specific focus in this article is the low-carbon transition. This focus is also reflected in the description of the different types of financial contracts discussed herein, including derivatives relating to cap-and-trade schemes for CO2 emissions and environmental, social and governance (ESG) financial products. In addition, this article addresses how these financial contracts in the energy sector are regulated and will pay attention to anti-manipulation rules in the European Union and the United States. The low-carbon transition and climate finance is taken as a guidance in discussing the topics above and pursues to shed light on the question how financial contracts in the energy sector may contribute to a low-carbon transition. |
| Keywords: | Energy markets, derivative trading, REMIT, ACER, ESG, CO2 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rsc:rsceui:2022/50&r= |
| By: | Söder, Mareike; Berg-Mohnicke, Michael; Bittner, Marlene; Ernst, Stefan; Feike, Til; Frühauf, Cathleen; Golla, Burkhard; Jänicke, Clemens; Jorzig, Christian; Leppelt, Thomas; Liedtke, Marco; Möller, Markus; Nendel, Claas; Offermann, Frank; Riedesel, Ludwig; Romanova, Vanya; Schmitt, Jonas; Schulz, Susanne; Sesermann, Diana-Maria; Rahman Shawon, Ashifur |
| Abstract: | We provide an overview of the state of knowledge on the climate change impacts on German crop production and generate model-based, quantitative and spatially differentiated simulations of the yield changes of the most important German arable crops, up to the middle of the century. To simulate yields, we use several agro-ecosystem models and provide a meta-analysis of the related scientific literature. In addition, we consider the effects of specific weather conditions such as heat and drought periods on yields in the past. In order to assess the future development, we use the data of different climate projections . On average, with regional differences, the simulations show no decline in yields until the middle of the century and no increase in yield variability. We observe a decrease in the effectiveness of the CO2 fertilization effect for yield increases of winter wheat over time. The yields of silage maize benefit the least from CO2 fertilization. For the past, we identify yield losses due to extreme summer and spring drought for almost all crops as well as due to heat events for winter wheat and partly for oilseed rape. Heat-related yield losses increase for winter wheat with increasing CO2 concentrations. However, we cannot identify an unambiguous increase in yield losses due to extreme drought or waterlogging in the future. Uncertainties in the results exist, amongst other reasons, due to a wide range of future precipitation development in the underlying climate models, in particular with regard to the reliability of the precipitation projection in spring. The simulations do not consider adaptation of production to climate change as well as negative yield effects due to potential increase in storms, hail storms, heavy rain or harmful organisms. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2022–09–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimwp:324625&r= |
| By: | Diana Kmetkova (Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic); Milas Scasny (Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic) |
| Abstract: | Dietary choices are one of the main causes of mortality and environmental degradation. Plant-based diets, in comparison to diets rich in animal products, are considered to be more sustainable because they use fewer natural resources and come with a lower environmental burden, resulting in lower greenhouse gas emissions in particular. However, the rapid increase in global population and wealth has led to an increased demand for foods of animal origin. Getting enough protein might be one of the reasons people consume animal products but its increased consumption could negatively impact our health and environment. Hence, the aim of this paper is to examine the economic and sociodemographic factors that influence the amount and the share of animal food intake as well as the amount and the share of animal-based protein in the worldwide diet. An econometric analysis of country-level panel data allows us to investigate the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in the context of a sustainable diet. The findings suggest that the relationship between GDP per capita and animal-based food and protein supply resembles an inverted U-shaped curve. In the global analysis, the turning point is estimated to be around $81,500 in relation to both the share of animal food supply and the share of animal proteins. The resulting income elasticity shows to be inelastic across the domain, however, the specific values vary depending on the country´s level of GDP. The elasticity is positive for low- to middle-income countries with its maximum of 0.29; and it becomes negative once a country reaches a GDP level of about $77,000-$81,000. |
| Keywords: | GDP, Environmental Kuznets curve, animal consumption, animal protein, healthy and sustainable diet, panel data analysis |
| JEL: | Q11 Q56 C33 C52 O13 |
| Date: | 2022–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fau:wpaper:wp2022_23&r= |
| By: | Yiwen Chen (Université du Luxembourg (Extramural Research Fellow)); Xi Wan (Nanjing Audit University); Benteng Zou (Université du Luxembourg) |
| Abstract: | "Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered one of the most realistic and plausi- " ble options for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from large pollution sources. However, CCS deployment is costly. This paper considers the social cost of CCS projects and GHG damage from a central planer's point of view, providing clear in- formation about when each player should deploy CCS. The findings are twofold: (1) given the heterogeneity of players, it is not socially optimal for all players to start CCS projects at the same time; instead, the player that has a cost advantage should start first; (2) it may be socially desirable for the player with a cost disadvantage never starts CCS. We show the conditions that support both possibilities. The second find- ing provides a clear policy guideline for the decision-maker: reduce the costs of the high-cost player in order to reduce global GHG emissions, provided that is the aim of the supranational institute |
| Keywords: | Carbon capture and storage, multistage optimal control, optimal timing. |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 C61 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:luc:wpaper:22-12&r= |
| By: | Palinkas, Lawrence A; O'Donnell, Meaghan; Kemp, Susan; Tiatia, Jemaima; Duque, Yvonette; Spencer, Michael; Basu, Rupa; Del Rosario, Kristine Idda; Diemer, Kristin; Doma, Bonifacio; Forbes, David; Gibson, Kari; Graff-Zivin, Joshua; Harris, Bruce M; Hawley, Nicola; Johnston, Jill; Lauraya, Fay; Maniquiz, Nora Elizabeth F; Marlowe, Jay; McCord, Gordon C; Nicholls, Imogen; Rao, Smitha; Saunders, Angela Kim; Sortino, Salvatore; Springgate, Benjamin; Takeuchi, David; Ugsang, Janette; Villaverde, Vivien; Wells, Kenneth B; Wong, Marleen |
| Abstract: | Although climate change poses a threat to health and well-being globally, a regional approach to addressing climate-related health equity may be more suitable, appropriate, and appealing to under-resourced communities and countries. In support of this argument, this commentary describes an approach by a network of researchers, practitioners, and policymakers dedicated to promoting climate-related health equity in Small Island Developing States and low- and middle-income countries in the Pacific. We identify three primary sets of needs related to developing a regional capacity to address physical and mental health disparities through research, training, and assistance in policy and practice implementation: (1) limited healthcare facilities and qualified medical and mental health providers; (2) addressing the social impacts related to the cooccurrence of natural hazards, disease outbreaks, and complex emergencies; and (3) building the response capacity and resilience to climate-related extreme weather events and natural hazards. |
| Keywords: | Humans, Mental Health, Income, Climate Change, Policy, Health Equity, Pacific region, Small Island Developing States, climate change, disasters, health equity, low- and middle-income countries, social determinants of health, Behavioral and Social Science, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Generic health relevance, Climate Action, Toxicology |
| Date: | 2022–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:ucsdec:qt2fq2z20k&r= |
| By: | Martin Hiti; Claire Kramer; Asani Sarkar |
| Abstract: | Recent research has linked climate change and socioeconomic inequality (see here, here, and here). But what are the effects of climate change on small businesses, particularly those owned by people of color, which tend to be more resource-constrained and less resilient? In a series of two posts, we use the Federal Reserve’s Small Business Credit Survey (SBCS) to document small businesses’ experiences with natural disasters and how these experiences differ based on the race and ethnicity of business owners. This first post shows that small firms owned by people of color sustain losses from natural disasters at a disproportionately higher rate than other small businesses, and that these losses make up a larger portion of their total revenues. In the second post, we explore the ability of small firms to reopen and to obtain disaster relief funding in the aftermath of climate events. |
| Keywords: | climate risk; small business; minority-owned business; disaster relief; inequality; Sandy; credit |
| JEL: | D63 G21 |
| Date: | 2022–09–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednls:94729&r= |
| By: | Noura Mansouri Robert J. Budnitz H-Holger Rogner Charles McCombie Robert N. Schock Adnan Shihab-Eldin; Robert J. Budnitz H-Holger Rogner Charles McCombie Robert N. Schock Adnan Shihab-Eldin; H-Holger Rogner Charles McCombie Robert N. Schock Adnan Shihab-Eldin; Charles McCombie Robert N. Schock Adnan Shihab-Eldin; Robert N. Schock Adnan Shihab-Eldin; Adnan Shihab-Eldin (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Abstract: | Nuclear energy is already playing a crucial role in reducing emissions from electricity generation. However, if this role is not expanded, achieving the international goal of avoiding unacceptable global climate change will be extremely difficult. The evidence presented in this study shows that nuclear energy’s climate benefits can be obtained without significant impacts to safety, security or energy costs. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Electricity |
| Date: | 2022–08–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:dpaper:ks--2022-dp07&r= |
| By: | Schenuit, Felix; Böttcher, Miranda; Geden, Oliver |
| Abstract: | Mit der Umsetzung der neuen Netto-Emissionsziele für 2030 und 2050 im Rahmen des Europäischen Green Deal rückt die aktive Entnahme von CO2 aus der Atmosphäre in den Fokus politischer Entscheidungsträger. Dass Netto-Null-Ziele ohne den großskaligen Einsatz von Maßnahmen zur CO2-Entnahme (Carbon Dioxide Removal, CDR) nicht erreicht werden können, hat auch der Weltklimarat IPCC in seinem jüngsten Bericht zur Minderung des Klimawandels erneut dargelegt. In den vergangenen Jahren hat sich die politische Debatte in der EU rasant verändert. Mittlerweile fordern nahezu alle politischen Akteure einen neuen regulatorischen Rahmen für die Bindung von CO2 als integralen Baustein der EU-Klimapolitik. Über die Frage, welche Methoden und Politikinstrumente dafür verwendet und welche Schwerpunkte gesetzt werden sollen, bahnen sich indes grundlegende Konflikte an. Auf EU-Ebene sind erste Ansätze für politische Allianzen erkennbar, die kurzfristig die Fit-for-55-Gesetzgebung prägen und mittelfristig die Debatte über die Ausgestaltung der Klimapolitik zwischen 2030 und 2040 vorstrukturieren werden |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpakt:372022&r= |
| By: | Bontadini, Filippo; Vona, Francesco |
| Abstract: | We study green specialisation across EU countries and detailed 4-digit industrial sectors over the period of 1995-2015 by harmonizing product-level data (PRODCOM). We propose a new list of green goods that refines lists proposed by international organizations by excluding goods with double usage. Our analysis reveals important structural characteristics of green specialisation in the manufacturing sector. First, green production is highly concentrated, with 13 out of 119 4-digit industries, which are high-tech and account for nearly 95% of the total. Second, green and polluting productions do not occur in the same sectors, and countries specialise in either green or brown sectors. Third, our econometric analysis identifies three key drivers of green specialisation: (i) first-mover advantage and high persistence of green specialisation, (ii) complementarity with non-green capabilities and (iii) the degree of diversification of green capabilities. Importantly, once we control for these drivers, environmental policies are not anymore positively associated with green specialisation. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022–06–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:324042&r= |
| By: | Emanuela Benincasa (University of Zurich and Swiss Finance Institute); Jonathan Fu (University of Zurich); Mrinal Mishra (University of Zurich); Adityavardhan Paranjape (Zurich Insurance Group) |
| Abstract: | We document the existence of a premium in the green bond market based on the greenness of green bonds. Using BERT, a natural language processing method for textual analysis, we develop a novel measure for bonds’ greenness and document that a 10 percent increase in the bond’s greenness corresponds to a decrease in annualized yield by between 4.86 to 8.71 basis points. In addition to greener bonds enjoying higher premiums, we find evidence that issuing a green bond has positive spillover effects on the pricing of subsequent conventional bonds’ issuance. Overall, our findings are consistent with firms relying on “green" debt instruments to lower capital costs and raise cheaper financing. |
| Keywords: | Green bonds; BERT model; Sustainable Finance; Bond premium |
| JEL: | G12 Q56 |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2264&r= |
| By: | Claire Alestra (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Gilbert Cette (NEOMA - Neoma Business School); Valérie Chouard (Centre de recherche de la Banque de France - Banque de France); Rémy Lecat (Centre de recherche de la Banque de France - Banque de France) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a tool to build climate change scenarios to forecast Gross Domestic Product (GDP), modelling both GDP damage due to climate change and the GDP impact of mitigating measures. It adopts a supply-side, long-term view, with 2060 and 2100 horizons. It is a global projection tool (30 countries/regions), with assumptions and results both at the world and the country/regional level. Five different types of energy inputs are taken into account according to their CO2 emission factors. Full calibration is possible at each stage, with estimated or literature-based default parameters. Compared to other models, it provides a comprehensive modelisation of Total Factor Productivity (TFP), which is the most significant determinant of the GDP projected path. We present simulation results of different energy policy scenarios. They illustrate both the "tragedy of the horizon" and the "tragedy of the commons", which call for a policy framework that adequately integrates a long run perspective, through a low-enough discount rate and an effective intergenerational solidarity as well as international cooperation. |
| Keywords: | Climate,Global warming,Energy prices,Environmental policy,Growth,Productivity,Long-term projections |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03702357&r= |
| By: | Okumus, İlyas; Guzel, Arif Eser; Destek, Mehmet Akif |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the effects of renewable energy (REN) consumption and non-renewable energy (NREN) consumption on economic growth in G7 countries with annual data covering the period 1980-2016 using a new panel data estimator that provides robust results under cross-sectional dependence, slope heterogeneity, and can be used whether series are integrated in different orders. In addition, the causality between the variables is analyzed with the panel bootstrap Granger causality method takes cross-sectional dependency and slope heterogeneity into account. According to Cross-sectionally Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) results, the coefficients of REN and NREN consumption are positive and statistically significant in both the short- and long-run. Furthermore, NREN consumption has a greater impact on enhancing economic growth than REN consumption. The panel bootstrap causality analysis reveals that the growth hypothesis (GH) is valid in REN in Canada, Italy, and the US; neutrality is valid in REN in France, Japan, and the UK; the feedback hypothesis (FE) is valid for REN only in Germany. For NREN, the GH is valid for Canada, France, and Germany; the conservation hypothesis (CH) is valid in Italy and the UK. Finally, the FH is valid in Japan and the US. |
| Keywords: | Renewable energy; non-renewable energy; CS-ARDL analysis; G7 countries; economic growth. |
| JEL: | Q4 Q43 |
| Date: | 2021–03–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:114136&r= |
| By: | Haddad, Salwa; Escobar, Neus; Bruckner, Martin; Britz, Wolfgang |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the potential market-mediated impacts, including global Land Use Change (LUC) and GHG emissions, from increased subsidies to pastureland-based livestock sectors in the EU, through a “tax recycling strategy” simulated against a baseline under SSP2 up to 2030. The budget neutral increase in the level of pastureland subsidy rates in different Member States is achieved by a decrease in land subsidies to other cropping activities. We employ an integrated CGE-MRIO approach, in which we link a recursive dynamic version of the well-known GTAP-CGE model, called GTAP-RDEM to the FABIO MRIO. This approach allows to take advantages from both methods. FABIO offers better resolution with regards to agricultural sectors than in the GTAP database, while the combined use of this MRIO with a CGE model allows to consider price and income dependent feedbacks, required for policy analyses and long run assessments of changes in the global economy. Results show that the redistribution of land-based subsidies provokes significant changes in agricultural markets across the EU. Pastureland areas and cattle production increases in almost all EU Member States, whereas crop land and crop production decreases. The resulting increase in crop prices translates into reduced output of intensive animal production sector, mainly pig and poultry, which rely on concentrate feed to a larger extent compared to cattle. As a result of the decrease in cropland area and overall crop production in the EU, most EU countries increase imports of grain, oilseeds, and cakes from major agricultural producers, essentially soybean cake from Brazil and North America. This generates significant LUC and related GHG emissions that spill outside the EU, mainly in major feed exporters while some emission saving is observed at global level. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2022–09–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubfred:324710&r= |
| By: | Alessi, Lucia (European Commission); Di Girolamo, Francesca Erica (European Commission); Pagano, Andrea (European Commission); Petracco Giudici, Marco (European Commission) |
| Abstract: | This paper uses a stylized simulation model to assess the potential impact of transition risk on banks' balance sheets and establishes a basis for calibrating relevant macro-prudential instruments. We show that even in the short run, a fire-sale mechanism could amplify an initially contained shock on high-carbon assets into a systemic crisis with significant losses for the EU banking sector. We calculate that an additional capital buffer of 0.5% RWA on average would be sufficient to protect the system. Moreover, under an orderly transition, the decrease in banks’ transition risk exposure due to the greening of the economy would reduce the effect of a fire-sale by a factor of 10. |
| Keywords: | Green transition risk, dynamic balance sheet, banking crisis |
| JEL: | C15 G2 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrs:wpaper:202208&r= |
| By: | Santeramo, Fabio Gaetano; Maccarone, Irene |
| Abstract: | Climate change is impacting on the agricultural sector in several ways, and the effects on yields are generally among the most observable ones. Open fields crops, such as cereals, are very vulnerable to climate change. We study the historical data on yields of main cereals, namely barley, maize, oats, rice, rye, wheat, to conclude on the long run impacts of temperature and precipitation, over the period 1920-2015. Yields are found to be inversely correlated with temperatures and positively with precipitation, in both cases the relationships are non-linear, as expected. |
| Keywords: | Cambiamento climatico, cereali, detrendizzazione |
| JEL: | Q11 Q18 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–05–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:114135&r= |
| By: | Marion Dupoux (GU - University of Gothenburg , IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles, EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Vincent Martinet (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CEPS - Centre d'Economie de l'ENS Paris-Saclay - Université Paris-Saclay - ENS Paris Saclay - Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay) |
| Abstract: | Theoretical models often assume the environment to be a normal good, irrespective of one's income. However, a priori, nothing prohibits an environmental good from being normal for some individuals and inferior for others. We develop a conceptual framework in which private consumption and an environmental public good act as substitutes or complements for satisfying different needs. Subsequently, the environment can switch between normal and inferior depending on one's income and environment and corresponding prevalent needs. If the environment is inferior for some range of income, then the willingness to pay for environmental preservation becomes non-monotonic with respect to income. We discuss the relevance of our framework in the context of (income-adjusted) unit benefit transfers, dual-rate discounting and the Environmental Kuznets curve. |
| Keywords: | Environment,Public goods,Context-dependant substituability,Need,Willingness to Pay,Inferior good |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03693920&r= |
| By: | Nazrul Islam; Syed Khaled Rahman |
| Abstract: | In the management of environment the Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) is essential for corporate or companies because corporate sectors are the main parties of environmental humiliation as they are existed in the environment and for protecting environment a branch of accounting is emerged which is called environmental management accounting. The objective of the study is to develop a compliance framework for EMA and appraise the ER practices in selected industries in Bangladesh. In conducting the study, 50 environmental sensitive industries were selected from DSE. A compliance checklist was developed on 75 aspects of EMA and ER under 13 groups. In developing the compliance index binary method is used i.e. 1= if ER practices; 0= if not practices. Further the level of EMR/ER practices have been evaluated in terms of selected independent variables of the company viz. total assets, total sales, return on equity and size of board. The study found that the environmental management accounting in the manufacturing companies is in poor level. The maximum compliance is 67% and the lowest is 20%. The TA, TS BS and SP have been considered to find out the explanatory variables. In most of the cases board size does not play significant role in the practice of EMA in the sampled firms. |
| Date: | 2022–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2208.12541&r= |
| By: | Scognamillo, Antonio; Mastrorillo, Marina; Ignaciuk, Ada |
| Abstract: | This paper uncovers the mechanisms shaping the impact of the public work component of Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) on beneficiaries and communities’ food security and vulnerability to various shocks. From a policy perspective, the empirical findings recommend explicitly integrating environmental and climate considerations to design social protection programmes which target poor agricultural households highly vulnerable to weather shocks. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2022–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:324074&r= |
| By: | Zieliński, Marek |
| Abstract: | The aim of the study is to assess environmental, organizational, and economic implications for agriculture in municipalities with different share of the Natura 2000 network in Poland. Data on the distribution of Natura 2000 sites and natural management conditions in municipalities are derived from the General Directorate for Environmental Protection and the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute for 2018. Data on the features of the organizational potential of agriculture across municipalities were collected from the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture. They were generated on the basis of applications for direct payments under the 2016 and 2021 campaigns submitted by 1345.2 and 1269.5 thousand farms, i.e., the beneficiaries of the 2014–2020 common agricultural policy (CAP), respectively. It was found that municipalities with a large and particularly large share of Natura 2000 areas, as compared to municipalities without such areas, were characterized by significantly worse management conditions and a more diverse landscape, as well as a larger share in agricultural area with extensive production characteristic of high nature value farmlands (HNVf) designated in Poland under the 2014–2020 CAP. Farms located in Natura 2000 areas, as compared to other farms, were characterized by a larger average agricultural area, as well as by lower labor inputs per 1 ha of agricultural area. They were characterized by lower total costs, including direct costs, which resulted in lower factor productivity and income per 1 ha of agricultural area. The conclusion was that they had less development opportunities. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2022–06–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:324174&r= |
| By: | Mari Luomi; Fatih Yilmaz; Thamir Alshehri (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Abstract: | Over the past year, all six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have updated their medium-term greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets by submitting revised nationally determined contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Saudi Aramco have also announced net-zero emission targets. Work is now beginning to develop more detailed roadmaps and implementation plans, some elements of which are already laid out in the updated NDCs. |
| Keywords: | Circular carbon economy, Energy transition, |
| Date: | 2022–06–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:dpaper:ks--2022-dp06&r= |
| By: | Alessi, Lucia (European Commission); Hirschbuhl, Dominik (European Commission); Rossi, Alessandro (European Commission) |
| Abstract: | In a context where European stock prices have been trending upwards, one of the main concerns is that stocks perceived as more sustainable from an environmental, social and governance (ESG) perspective could be particularly exposed to exuberance. To shed some light on the magnitude of the deviation of stock prices from fundamentals we apply a Markov-switching augmented version of the present-value model. Using monthly data on the European stock market from 2005 to 2022, our model suggests that at the beginning of 2022 the non-fundamental component was about one fourth of the total price. When looking at particular market segments, the model shows that green and ESG stocks behave broadly in line with the market. However, in recent years ESG stocks have shown a significant, though small, disconnect from the market. These finding suggest that investor preferences are shifting towards sustainability, while not posing immediate risks to market stability. |
| Keywords: | Bayesian inference, European stock market, green transition, Markov-switching, present-value model |
| JEL: | C11 C32 G12 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrs:wpaper:202210&r= |
| By: | Jevan Cherniwchan (Department of Economics, Carleton University); M.Scott Taylor (Department of Economics, University of Calgary) |
| Abstract: | Considerable progress that has been made in our understanding of the relationship between international trade and the environment since Gene Grossman and Alan Krueger published their now seminal working paper examining the potential environmental effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement in 1991. This review uses their original paper as a guide to highlight key developments along three main branches of research that all stem from their analysis: (i) the interaction between international trade, economic growth, and environmental outcomes, (ii) the role of environmental regulation in determining trade and investment flows, and (iii) estimating the relative magnitudes of the scale, composition, and technique effects induced by trade. It discusses key developments along each branch, with a particular focus on the empirical challenges that have impeded progress. It also highlights an area along each branch that is ripe for further study. These areas are termed the Three Remaining Challenges. |
| Keywords: | International Trade and the Environment; Environmental Kuznets Curve; Pollution Haven Hypothesis |
| JEL: | F18 F64 O44 Q56 |
| Date: | 2022–05–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:car:carecp:22-03&r= |
| By: | Damien Dussaux (OECD); Shardul Agrawala (OECD) |
| Abstract: | Innovation is key to reducing the environmental impacts of plastics. However, literature is generally lacking in the field of environmentally relevant plastics innovation. This paper develops an innovative conceptual framework to document and map environmentally relevant plastics innovation. Using this framework, it develops plastics innovation metrics using patents and trademarks to quantify trends over time, across countries, and to establish preliminary empirical links between policies and innovation outcomes.Plastic waste prevention and recycling innovation has increased slightly more rapidly than overall plastics innovation. In contrast, innovation in bioplastics have witnessed a significant slowdown in recent years. Another key finding of this analysis is that environmentally relevant plastics innovation is concentrated in OECD countries and China and that top inventor countries are not specialized in the same technologies. Finally, the patent analysis shows some empirical evidence that recycling regulations may have triggered innovative activity in plastic recycling. |
| Keywords: | Circular economy, Environmental Policy, Innovation, Plastics, Recycling, Waste |
| JEL: | O31 O38 Q53 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022–09–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:199-en&r= |
| By: | Martin Hiti; Claire Kramer; Asani Sarkar |
| Abstract: | The first post of this series found that small businesses owned by people of color are particularly vulnerable to natural disasters. In this post, we focus on the aftermath of disasters, and examine disparities in the ability of firms to reopen their businesses and access disaster relief. Our results indicate that Black-owned firms are more likely to remain closed for longer periods and face greater difficulties in obtaining the immediate relief needed to cope with a natural disaster. |
| Keywords: | climate risk; small business; minority-owners; disaster relief; credit; Sandy; inequality |
| JEL: | D63 G21 |
| Date: | 2022–09–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednls:94733&r= |
| By: | Anna Bartocci anna.bartocci@bancaditalia.it (Bank of Italy); Alessandro Notarpietro (Bank of Italy); Massimiliano Pisani (Bank of Italy) |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the macroeconomic effects of increasing taxes on fossil fuels (“carbon tax†) and subsidies for renewable energy and reducing labor income tax in the euro area, and the interaction of these effects with domestic monetary policy. The tax increase is announced, gradually implemented and fully anticipated by agents (thus it is conceptually different from a sudden and unexpected positive shock affecting the international prices of fossil fuels). The analysis makes use of a New Keynesian two-country model with an energy sector, calibrated to the euro area and the rest of the world. The main results are the following. First, an increase in the carbon tax generates recessionary effects. Second, higher subsidies for green energy and a lower labor tax can limit the macroeconomic cost of increasing the carbon tax. Third, if the monetary policy rate is at its effective lower bound, the fiscal policy mix generates short-run recessionary effects, which can be offset if the central bank, for monetary policy purposes, purchases long-term sovereign bonds in the secondary market, thus keeping long-term interest rates low. |
| Keywords: | environmental policy, energy policies, dynamic general equilibrium model, fiscal policy, monetary policy, euro area |
| JEL: | D58 E52 E62 Q43 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:wptemi:td_1377_22&r= |
| By: | Bakari, Sayef |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of natural resources, CO2 emission, energy use, domestic investment, innovation, trade, and digitalization on economic growth in the case of 52 African Countries. To attempt our goal, we used annual data of 52 African countries for the period 1996 to 2021 which was estimated by using random effect model, fixed effect model and Hausman test. Empirical results indicate that domestic investment, exports, natural resources and final consumption expenditure have a positive impact on economic growth. Also, we found that labor force, imports and energy use have a negative effect on economic growth. However, we found that CO2 emission, innovation and internet use don’t have any effect on economic growth. The study recommends vital policies that should focus on promoting domestic investment, exports, natural resources, and final consumption to stimulate economic growth in African countries. Similarly, it recommends creating new strategies to manage the role of the active population, imports, energy consumption, CO2 emissions, innovation, and digitalization to make their effects influential in improving the economic growth. |
| Keywords: | Natural Resources, CO2 Emission, Energy Use, Domestic Investment, Innovation, Trade, Digitalization, Economic Growth, African Countries. |
| JEL: | C10 C22 C23 E22 F11 F14 J60 O31 O32 O34 O40 O44 O47 O49 O55 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q50 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:114323&r= |
| By: | Pavel Ciaian; Andrej Cupák (National Bank of Slovakia); Pirmin Fessler; d’Artis Kancs |
| Abstract: | Individuals invest in Environmental-Social-Governance (ESG)-assets not only because of (higher) expected returns but also driven by ethical and social considerations. Less is known about ESG-conscious investor subjective beliefs about crypto-assets and how these compare to traditional assets. Controversies surrounding the ESG footprint of certain crypto-asset classes – mainly on grounds of their energy-intensive crypto mining – offer a potentially informative object of inquiry. Leveraging a unique representative household finance survey for the Austrian population, we examine whether investors’ environmental and social preferences can explain cross-sectional differences in individual portfolio exposure to crypto-assets. We find a strong association between investors’ environmental and social preferences and the crypto-investment exposure but no significant relationship for the benchmarks of traditional asset classes such as bonds and shares. |
| JEL: | D14 G11 G41 |
| Date: | 2022–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:svk:wpaper:1087&r= |
| By: | Penelope Buckley (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Daniel Llerena (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Using a contextualised common pool resource framework, individual energy consumption choices are studied. Individuals are nudged towards the socially optimal level of consumption by the use of a happy (sad) face if they are underconsuming (overconsuming). A price is set to incentivise a second group to choose the level of consumption observed in the nudge treatment in order to quantify the nudge via an equivalent price. Across all 10 periods, consumption is significantly lower in treatment groups compared to control groups without nudges and prices. The price treatment leads to an average level of consumption above the Nash equilibrium. There are implications for policy makers as the nudge treatment performs as well, on average, as an equivalent price without the implied loss of welfare, and is understood and integrated into subjects' decision making quicker than an equivalent price. However, there is a tendency for both the nudge and the price to reinforce existing consumption behaviour as those who overconsume continue to overconsume. |
| Keywords: | Energy conservation,Financial incentive,Laboratory experiment,Nudge |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03765755&r= |
| By: | Siebeneicher, Sven; Bock, Carolin |
| Date: | 2022–08–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:133864&r= |
| By: | Mechthild Donner (INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Ivana Radić (INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Yamna Erraach (INAT - Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie); Fatima El Hadad-Gauthier (CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes) |
| Abstract: | Mediterranean olive oil producers have multiple incentives for adopting circular business models and better resource management, facing water scarcity and huge amounts of waste, but also seeing new opportunities for value creation. This article aimed to understand how circular business models valorizing olive oil waste and by-products are implemented. Ten business cases from six Mediterranean countries were studied, mainly based on semi-structured interviews with enterprise managers. Data were analyzed according to the business model canvas elements, success factors, and barriers while considering the institutional context. The results highlight the diversity of activities, types of resources used, and partnerships and products offered in different market segments. The principles of biowaste conversion and circularity, such as cascading, upcycling, recycling, and recovering, are all applied. The key success factors comprise an environmental concern, knowledge about biotechnologies, markets and logistics, a long-term commitment to the sector, local availability of resources, legislation, subsidies, and product acceptance by consumers. The main barriers include a lack of specific public financial support, an insufficient knowledge transfer from research to olive oil producers, and a lack of articulation of needs for research by the enterprises. More public-private collaborations and multi-stakeholder projects are needed for further shifting to a circular economy in the olive oil sector. |
| Keywords: | circular economy,bioeconomy,business models,sustainable production,agricultural waste and by-products,Mediterranean olive oil sector |
| Date: | 2022–07–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03756908&r= |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | Trucks account for one-fifth of transport sector emissions in Europe. To decarbonise, heavy-duty road freight must switch to zero-emission vehicles quickly. This report examines whether battery electric vehicles, electric road systems and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles could compete with diesel-driven vehicles. It looks at the total cost of ownership across nine different vehicle-size segments in Europe. The report gives six recommendations to accelerate the transition to zero-emission trucks, including the provision of necessary infrastructure. |
| Date: | 2022–09–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:107-en&r= |
| By: | Clémence Moreau (SENS - Savoirs, ENvironnement et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Marylise Cottet (EVS - Environnement Ville Société - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon - Mines Saint-Étienne MSE - École des Mines de Saint-Étienne - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon - INSA Lyon - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - Université de Lyon - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - UJM - Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - ENSAL - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Anne Rivière-Honegger (EVS - Environnement Ville Société - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon - Mines Saint-Étienne MSE - École des Mines de Saint-Étienne - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 - Université de Lyon - INSA Lyon - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon - Université de Lyon - INSA - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - UJM - Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - ENSAL - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Adeline François (UR LESSEM - Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); André Evette (UR LESSEM - Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are promoted as practical and theoretical solutions that simultaneously provide human well-being and biodiversity benefits. One example is soil bioengineering using construction techniques based on living vegetation, and is frequently used for riverbank stabilization, flood protection, and erosion control. Compared with civil engineering, NbS offer many advantages such as cost reduction, limited impact on the environment, and production of ecosystem services. However, their use is still marginal for riverbank control, especially in urban areas. In this paper, we focus on soil bioengineering techniques for riverbank protection in an urban context from the practitioners' perspective. We question to what extent NbS require a shift in management paradigm. We used qualitative methods to interview 17 practitioners working in the Rhone Alps basin (France). Our results reveal that switching from civil engineering to soil bioengineering is not only a technical change, but also requires a shift from a "predict and control" paradigm to an "adaptive management" paradigm because of three major reasons. First, soil bioengineering techniques require redefinition of the performance of engineering structures with the inclusion of ecological and social dimensions. Second, the adoption of soil bioengineering techniques requires that practitioners, elected people and inhabitants reconsider risk sharing and acceptance. Third, the techniques require practitioners to adopt a new posture, with new soft skills (humility and daring) and a new collective organization (collective feedback). Finally, we identify three levers for a broader use of such techniques: (i) systematic assessment of the ecological, economical, and social benefits of such techniques; (ii) improving risk acceptance and sharing; (iii) fostering of social learning among practitioners through collective or technical feedback. |
| Keywords: | Soil bioengineering techniques,nature-based solutions,riverbank erosion control,river management,paradigm shift,practitioners’ perceptions |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03563134&r= |
| By: | Ansari, Dawud |
| Abstract: | The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) are mapping out agendas to kickstart a hydrogen economy. Especially Saudi Arabia, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are pursuing ambitious plans to supply Europe and Asia-Pacific with the carbon-friendly fuel. Numerous declarations of intent have been signed, and the first large-scale projects are under way. For the Gulf countries, hydrogen is not only a means of diversification. Since the hydrogen economy blends into the institutional and fiscal framework of the petroleum industry, it is primarily a chance for the GCC economies to maintain current economic and political power structures. While hydrogen from the Gulf is an effective tool for climate change mitigation, Germany and Europe are faced with trade-offs and open questions. |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:442022&r= |
| By: | Raouf Boucekkine (Rennes School of Business); Carmen Camacho (Paris School of Economics & CNRS); Weihua Ruan (Purdue University Northwest); Benteng Zou (Université du Luxembourg) |
| Abstract: | We solve a bimodal optimal control problem with a non-concavity and uncertainty through a Poisson process underlying the transition from a mode to another. We use a dynamic programming approach and are able to uncover the global optimal dynamics (including optimal non-monotonic paths) under a few linear-quadratic assumption, which do not get rid of the non-concavity of the problem. This is in contrast to the related literature on pollution control under irreversibility which usually explores local dynamics along monotonic solution paths to first-order Pontryagin conditions. |
| Keywords: | Multi-stage optimal control, Poisson process, HJB equations, irreversible pollution. |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:luc:wpaper:22-10&r= |
| By: | Geir B. Asheim (Department of Economics [Oslo] - Faculty of Social Sciences [Oslo] - UiO - University of Oslo); Kohei Kamaga (Sophia University [Tokyo]); Stéphane Zuber (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Keywords: | climate change,efficiency,intergenerational equity,population ethics,infinite streams |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-03760333&r= |
| By: | Boris Leroy (BOREA - Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - MNHN - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UA - Université des Antilles); Andrew M. Kramer (USF - University of South Florida [Tampa]); Anne‐charlotte Vaissière (ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Melina Kourantidou (SDU - University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters - HCMR - Hellenic Center for Marine Research); Franck Courchamp (ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Christophe Diagne (ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | The reported costs of invasive alien species from the global database InvaCost are heterogeneous and cover different spatio-temporal scales. A standard procedure for aggregating invasive species cost estimates is necessary to ensure the repeatability and comparativeness of studies. We introduce here the invacost r package, an open-source software designed to query and analyse the InvaCost database. We illustrate this package and its framework with cost data associated with invasive alien invertebrates. First, the invacost package provides updates of this dynamic database directly in the analytical environment R. Second, it helps understand the heterogeneous nature of monetary cost data for invasive species, processes to harmonize the data and the inherent biases associated with such data. Third, it readily provides complementary methods to investigate the costs of invasive species at different scales, all the while accounting for econometric statistical issues. This tool will be useful for scientists working on invasive alien species, by (a) facilitating access to and use of this multi-disciplinary data resource and (b) providing a standard procedure which will facilitate reproducibility and comparability among studies, one of the major critics of this topic until now. It should facilitate further interdisciplinary works including economists and invasion ecology researchers. |
| Keywords: | biological invasions,drivers of change in biodiversity,economic costs,economic impacts,ecosystem services,invasive alien species |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03427555&r= |
| By: | Michaela Trippl (University of Vienna); Sebastian Fastenrath (University of Vienna); Arne Isaksen (University of Agder) |
| Abstract: | The unpredictable impacts of slow-burn processes such as climate change and sudden shocks such as the current COVID-19 crisis have led to a renewed interest into regional economic resilience. Much of the literature focuses attention on how regional economies and industries could bounce back, that is, how they could return to their pre-shock conditions. Other scholars have proposed to construe resilience as bouncing forward to capture the mechanisms and processes that underpin positive adaptation and structural change in response to a crisis. In this article, we argue that both conceptualisations fail to consider shocks and crises as a window of opportunity for regional economies to transform to a radically different and more desirable trajectory. This paper brings a new perspective into play, that is, transformative resilience which places shifts towards more sustainable pathways centre stage. This understanding of regional economic resilience acknowledges that a crisis may bring about permanent structural change and it considers to what extent these transformations are to the benefit of society and the environment. This article seeks to identify in a conceptual way what factors and dynamics are vital for enhancing the transformative resilience of regions. To this end, we link recent insights from the debate on regional economic resilience to challenge-oriented regional innovation systems and elaborate on the role of pre-shock conditions and various core processes in building up regional transformative resilience. |
| Keywords: | transformative regional resilience, environmental and societal challenges, challenge-oriented regional innovation systems; green path development |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aoe:wpaper:2202&r= |
| By: | Mariam Sy (MARBEC); Charles Figuières (Axi-Marseille Université, AMSE); Hélène Rey-Valette (Université de Montpellier, CEE-M); Richard Howarth (Dartmouth College, Environmental Program); Rutger De Wit (CNRS, MARBEC) |
| Abstract: | This paper describes an empiric study of aggregation and deliberation – used during citizens' workshops – for the elicitation of collective preferences over 20 different ecosystem services (ESs) delivered by the Palavas coastal lagoons located on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea close to Montpellier (S. France). The impact of deliberation is apprehended by comparing the collectives preferences constructed with and without deliberation. The same aggregation rules were used before and after deliberation. We compared two different aggregation methods, i.e. Rapid Ecosystem Services Participatory Appraisal (RESPA) and Majority Judgement (MJ). RESPA had been specifically tested for ESs, while MJ evaluates the merit of each item, an ES in our case, in a predefined ordinal scale of judgment. The impact of deliberation was strongest for the RESPA method. This new information acquired from application of social choice theory is particularly useful for ecological economics studying ES, and more practically for the development of deliberative approaches for public policies. |
| Keywords: | Services écosytémiques, Délibération, Agrégation, , |
| JEL: | Q57 |
| Date: | 2022–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fae:wpaper:2022.05&r= |
| By: | Simon Baumgartner (Humboldt University Berlin, Germany); Alex Stomper; Thomas Schober; Rudolf Winter-Ebmer |
| Abstract: | How does small-firm employment respond to exogenous labor productivity risk? We find that this depends on the capitalization of firms’ local banks. The evidence comes from firms offering (quasi-) fixed employment to workers whose productivity depends on the weather. Weather risk reduces this employment, and the effect is stronger in regions where the regional banks have less equity capital. Bank capitalization also proxies for the extent to which the regional banks’ borrowers can obtain liquidity when the regions are hit by weather shocks. We argue that, as liquidity providers, well-capitalized banks support economic adaptation to climate change. |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jku:econwp:2022-10&r= |
| By: | International Labour Organization. |
| Keywords: | youth employment, COVID-19, labour market, green economy, care economy, trend |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ilo:trends:995201492702676&r= |
| By: | International Labour Organization. |
| Keywords: | youth employment, COVID-19, labour market, green economy, care economy, trend |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ilo:trends:995201493002676&r= |
| By: | International Labour Organization. |
| Keywords: | youth employment, COVID-19, labour market, green economy, care economy, trend |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ilo:trends:995201492802676&r= |
| By: | International Labour Organization. |
| Keywords: | youth employment, COVID-19, labour market, green economy, care economy, trend |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ilo:trends:995201492902676&r= |
| By: | Paul, Michael |
| Abstract: | While Russia remains chair of the Arctic Council until May 2023, the other seven member states have suspended their participation in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The impacts on Moscow are multiple. Politically the move sidelines a policy area where Russia still played a significant role after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Economically it creates question marks over important Russian Arctic projects and their markets. The interruption of the Council's work also touches the interests of other states such as China and erodes Russia's standing in the region. All Western partners have suspended scientific and research cooperation. While Russia is especially vulnerable to the impacts of climate change in the Arctic, the disruption of climate-related research is ultimately detrimental to all nations. In the military sphere, Finland and Sweden are seeking to join NATO. That outcome would double the length of Russia's border with NATO states, and represents the exact opposite of Moscow's original intention to halt the Alliance's expansion. |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:392022&r= |
| By: | Baumgartner, Simon (Humboldt University Berlin); Stomper, Alex (Humboldt University Berlin); Schober, Thomas (Auckland University of Technology); Winter-Ebmer, Rudolf (University of Linz) |
| Abstract: | How does small-firm employment respond to exogenous labor productivity risk? We find that this depends on the capitalization of firms' local banks. The evidence comes from firms offering (quasi-) fixed employment to workers whose productivity depends on the weather. Weather risk reduces this employment, and the effect is stronger in regions where the regional banks have less equity capital. Bank capitalization also proxies for the extent to which the regional banks' borrowers can obtain liquidity when the regions are hit by weather shocks. We argue that, as liquidity providers, well-capitalized banks support economic adaptation to climate change. |
| Keywords: | quasi-fixed employment, labor productivity risk, bank liquidity |
| JEL: | J23 J41 E44 |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15519&r= |
| By: | D’Arcangelo, Filippo Maria; Pavan, Giulia; Calligaris, Sara |
| Abstract: | The European Union Emissions Trading System has raised concerns about possible detrimental effects on firms production through an increase in polluting costs, unless firms change inputs or increase the efficiency in the way they produce. We provide evidence of the causal impact of this policy on firms' input choices and on total factor productivity on Italian manufacturing firms. Our empirical strategy combines structural estimation of firms' production function and techniques for policy valuation. Moreover, we argue that a commonly used strategy in this literature, consisting in using propensity score matching on the productivity obtained from estimating the production function, does not provide valid inference. We rely instead on an innovative structural approach. We find that the policy has a small negative effect on productivity that is heterogeneous across industries. We show that these findings are consistent with firms switching fuels in production, rather than undergoing a substantial process change. |
| Keywords: | Financial Economics, Production Economics, Productivity Analysis, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022–09–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:324170&r= |
| By: | Juan-Pablo Rud (Royal Holloway, University of London); Michael Simmons (Umeå University); Gerhard Toews (New Economic School); Fernando Aragon (Simon Fraser University) |
| Abstract: | The reduction of carbon emissions will require a rapid phasing out of coal and the displacement of millions of coal miners. How much could this energy transition cost mining workers? We use the dramatic collapse of the UK coal industry to estimate the long-term impact on displaced miners. We find evidence of substantial losses: wages fall by 40% and earnings fall by 80% to 90% one year after job loss. The losses are persistent and remain significantly depressed fifteen years later, amounting to present discounted value earnings losses of between four and six times the miners pre-displacement earnings. (JEL J30, J63, J64, O4) |
| Date: | 2022–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sfu:sfudps:dp22-07&r= |
| By: | Angelos Alamanos; Tatiana Pliakou; Efi Tritopoulou; Phoebe Koundouri (Dept. of International and European Economic Studies, Athens University of Economics and Business); Lydia Papadaki |
| Date: | 2021–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2117&r= |
| By: | Juliette Augerot (INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Boris Duflot (IFIP - Institut du Porc); Céline Vial (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Pôle développement innovation et recherche - Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation); Lucie Sirieix (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Christine Roguet (IFIP - Institut du Porc) |
| Abstract: | Over the past decade, consumers have been increasingly concerned about the living and slaughter conditions of farm animals. Consequently, animal production sectors seek to adapt to these expectations. In this context, this exploratory study that aims at analysing consumer behaviour in relation to messages relating to animal welfare on meat packaging. The purpose of this study is to participate in understanding the determinants of meat products' purchase by consumers, in particular with regards to animal welfare, in order to enable the sector to better meet market expectations. The study adopts a qualitative approach and employs a two-step method. In the first step, projection interviews were conducted with consumers apart from the purchasing act in order to understand their representations of animal welfare and to identify the relevant themes for the second part of the work. Based on the identified themes, interviews in supermarkets were then conducted with other consumers when buying in order to understand the impact of the mentions related to animal welfare on the purchases actually made. The results allow to identify five consumer profiles with regard to animal welfare and to give advices in marketing. |
| Abstract: | Depuis une dizaine d'années, les consommateurs sont de plus en plus préoccupés au sujet des conditions de vie et de mort des animaux d'élevage et les filières cherchent à répondre à ces attentes. Dans ce contexte, cette étude exploratoire vise à analyser les comportements des consommateurs vis-à-vis des mentions relatives au bien-être animal (BEA) sur les emballages de viande. Le but de cette étude est de participer à la compréhension des déterminants d'achat de produits carnés par les consommateurs, en particulier vis-à-vis du BEA afin d'apporter un éclairage pour l'adaptation des filières de production. L'étude adopte une approche qualitative et emploie une méthode en deux temps. Il s'agit dans un premier temps de mener des entretiens de projection avec des consommateurs en dehors de l'acte d'achat afin de comprendre leur représentation du BEA et d'identifier les thèmes pertinents à aborder pour la deuxième partie de l'étude. Il s'agit ensuite, grâce aux thèmes identifiés, de mener des entretiens en grande surface généraliste avec d'autres consommateurs au moment de l'acte d'achat pour comprendre l'impact, sur les achats réellement effectués, des mentions relatives au BEA sur les emballages de viandes et produits transformés de porc et poulet proposés en libre service. Les résultats permettent de distinguer cinq profils de consommateurs construits sur la base de leur prise en compte du BEA dans leur décision d'achat et d'apporter des contributions managériales. |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03615958&r= |
| By: | Marie Petitet; Frank Felder; Khalid Alhadhrami (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Abstract: | In February 2021, Texas experienced an extreme cold snap causing a dramatic electricity blackout that left millions of households without electricity, resulting in over 200 fatalities and economic damages of approximately $100 billion. The Texas blackout has been used to support a variety of claims regarding renewable energy, electricity markets and climate change. We identify the blackout’s drivers and what has been learned since then. These lessons apply to power systems worldwide, including those of the Gulf Cooperation Council and the broader Middle East and North Africa region. |
| Keywords: | Market reforms, Reliability, Renewable energy |
| Date: | 2022–06–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:dpaper:ks--2022-dp09&r= |
| By: | Anand, Vaibhav |
| Abstract: | Scientific and technological advances are resulting in improved forecasts of risk, but do better forecasts result in better risk management? I investigate to what extent the improvements in lead time of winter weather advisories affect the frequency of motor vehicle crashes. I construct a data set of winter weather advisories, weather monitor readings, and vehicle crashes at the county-date level in 11 states in the US during 2006-2018. Using within county variation in lead time, I show that receiving winter advisories earlier reduces crash risk significantly. I also examine two potential mechanisms that might lead to these effects. First, using the mobile phone location data from SafeGraph, I show that longer lead times result in fewer visits by people to places outside their homes. Second, using snow plow truck location data, I show that road crews perform a greater level of winter maintenance activities when advisories arrive with longer lead time. Overall, this study provides evidence that improvements in forecast lead times result in meaningful economic benefits to society, and these benefits come from both the individual and institutional response to longer lead times. |
| Keywords: | Weather forecast, risk mitigation, auto crash |
| JEL: | D80 D81 H41 Q50 Q54 Q55 Q58 R00 R41 |
| Date: | 2022–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:114491&r= |
| By: | Pies, Ingo |
| Abstract: | Dieses Interview stellt einige grundlegende Thesen zur Diskussion, die aus der Perspektive des ordonomischen Forschungsprogramms hergeleitet werden. Die vorgestellten Überlegungen betreffen zum einen den Ukraine-Krieg, zum anderen die Klimapolitik. Beide Politikbereiche, so das Hauptargument, sind anfällig für ein Diskursversagen, welches durch bestimmte Denkfehler ausgelöst wird, die hier mit den Stichworten 'Moralkonfusion' und 'dichotom(an)isches Tradeoff-Denken' markiert werden. Diese Denkfehler werden auch mit vielen weiteren Beispielen anschaulich illustriert. |
| Keywords: | Ordonomik,Wirtschaftsethik,Diskursversagen,Wirtschaftssanktionen,Klimapolitik,orthogonale Positionierung,ordonomics,business ethics,discourse failure,economic sanctions,climate policy,orthogonal positioning |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:mlucee:202216&r= |
| By: | Ignaciuk, Ada; Malevolti, Giulia; Scognamillo, Antonio; Sitko, Nicholas J. |
| Abstract: | The adoption of climate-adaptive agricultural practices (CAAPs) among resource-poor smallholder households is typically hindered by liquidity and risk constraints. Using an inverse probability weighted estimator that uses three waves of nationally representative panel survey data from Ethiopia, Malawi and the United Republic of Tanzania, this article examines whether food transfers help overcome barriers to the adoption of selected CAAPs. The results show that in each country analysed, receiving food transfers increase the probability of adopting at least one CAAP. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2022–05–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:faoaes:324073&r= |
| By: | KASHIWAGI Yuzuka; TODO Yasuyuki |
| Abstract: | In the literature, direct physical damage to individuals caused by natural disasters, such as the destruction of houses, is often found to raise their perception of risks of future disasters. This paper examines whether another type of damage caused by disasters, i.e., indirect economic shocks, also affects the risk perception of individuals who are not directly affected by disasters. For this purpose, we focus on cacao farmers in Indonesia who experienced a disruption in trade with their traders after the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake, and use unique, household-level data collected after the earthquake. We find that when farmers were not directly or physically hit by the earthquake, but could not sell their products to their traders for a longer period of time due to the destruction of transport infrastructure and warehouses, they were more likely to perceive a very high risk of future earthquakes in their vicinity. In addition, farmers facing a longer trade disruption tended to believe that the risk of earthquakes is higher than that of other types of natural disasters. These findings imply that the effect of a disaster on individuals’ risk perception propagates geographically through trade networks to regions that are not directly affected by the disaster because of indirect and economic damage. |
| Date: | 2022–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:22086&r= |
| By: | Martin Christophe (CSGA - Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] - UB - Université de Bourgogne - AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE]); Christine Lange (CSGA - Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] - UB - Université de Bourgogne - AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE]); Stephan Marette (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Scientific literature has shown that a partial replacement of meat-based foods with plant-based foods would be beneficial for public health and the environment. However, both lack of sensory attractiveness and lack of consumer awareness regarding benefits of rebalancing diets in favor of plant protein partially explain the low market shares for meat alternatives. In the context of a possible substitution of a meat product (pork-based sausage) by a visually very close counterpart based on vegetable proteins, the objective of this work was to study the possibility of changing consumer preferences towards the plant-based product by gradually providing information concerning the health or environmental consequences of producing and consuming both types of products. We studied consumers' preferences after a blind tasting, after a tasting in the presence of the packaging, and after the dissemination of two stages of information. The assessment of consumer preferences was carried out using purchase preferences (PP) and willingness to pay (WTP). After the blind tasting, PP were clearly oriented towards the meat product. After the tasting with packaging information, the gap between the two products narrowed, but PP were still turned towards the meat product. The dissemination of a first informative message about either health or the environment was not enough to modify consumers' WTP. Adding a second message concerning health led to an equivalence of the two products studied in terms of WTP and PP. The combination of the two environmentally informative messages also made it possible to obtain an equivalence of the WTP for both products, but the PP were still turned towards the pork product. This suggests that the impact of additional information depends on the information disseminated. Overall, these results militate in favor of the dissemination of information presenting the consequences of the consumption of meat-based or vegetable protein-based products. |
| Keywords: | willingness to pay,purchase preference,meat substitute,information,taste,Consentement à payer,Préférence d'achat,Substitut à la viande,Information,Goût |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03022070&r= |
| By: | Harold, Brian MBA; Rodier, Caroline PhD; Zhang, Yunwan MS |
| Abstract: | Rural areas in California present unique transportation challenges associated with long travel distances, infrequent transit service, the cost of car ownership, and limited access to app-based rideshare services that are common to more populated urban centers. Researchers at the University of California, Davis, partnered with the eight San Joaquin Valley Metropolitan Planning Organizations to identify and support the development of innovative regional mobility pilot concepts, including an electric vehicle carsharing service known as Míocar. Míocar launched in August 2019 with roundtrip EV carsharing hubs in affordable housing complexes in the southern San Joaquin Valley. This study summarizes the data collected through a telephone survey with current Míocar users from January 2022 through March 2022. The survey asks users to reflect on their use of the service since they enrolled, and it builds upon past data collection efforts for this program by gathering detailed information on member characteristics, transportation needs and capabilities, and Míocar’s role as a transportation option for the users’ households. The results provide qualitative insights into members’ mobility challenges and considerations and the service’s impacts on user travel. Comparisons to existing carsharing programs suggest that Míocar is achieving similar impacts as other programs in some areas, such as reducing personal vehicle use, ownership, and associated greenhouse gas emissions. However, respondents emphasize its role in improving mobility within the rural region. The evaluation provides information for researchers to enhance future evaluations of rural carsharing, and findings may inform member recruitment, training, program design, and other efforts conducted by rural carsharing operators. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Electric vehicles, carsharing evaluation, social equity, environmental justice, rural areas, rural transportation, pilot studies, low income groups |
| Date: | 2022–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt5ks6j0qk&r= |
| By: | Guerini, Mattia; Vanni, Fabio; Napoletano, Mauro |
| Abstract: | Is aggregate income enough to summarize the well-being of a society? We address this longstanding question by exploiting a novel approach to study the relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) and a set of economic, social and environmental indicators for nine developed economies. By employing dimensionality reduction techniques, we quantify the share of variability stemming from a large set of different indicators that can be compressed into a univariate index. We also evaluate how well this variability can be explained if the univariate index is GDP. Our results indicate that univariate measures, and GDP among them, are doomed to fail in accounting for the variability of well-being indicators. Even if GDP would be the best linear univariate index, its quality in synthesizing information from indicators belonging to different domains is poor. Our approach provides additional support for policy makers interested in measuring the trade offs between income and other relevant socio-economic and ecological dimensions. Furthermore, it adds new quantitative evidence to the already vast literature criticizing GDP as the most prominent measure of well-being. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Labor and Human Capital, Political Economy, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2022–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:324043&r= |
| By: | Volker, Jamey M. B.; Handy, Susan L. |
| Abstract: | The National Center for Sustainable Transportation’s (NCST’s) Induced Travel Calculator (Calculator) has generated substantial interest among policymakers and practitioners as a method for estimating induced vehicle miles traveled (VMT). With Calculator use increasing, the Institute of Transportation Studies at University of California, Davis (ITS-Davis) initiated a project to update the Calculator and improve its functionality based on recent data and empirical research. Efforts included adding three more years of baseline VMT and lane mile data to the Calculator (2017, 2018, and 2019), adding ranges to the Calculator’s induced VMT estimates (+/-20%), and providing an updated review of the induced travel literature. The team also investigated and determined that there is not enough empirical evidence to justify using different elasticities based on initial congestion levels, urban versus rural setting, or lane type (for general-purpose lanes, high-occupancy-vehicle lanes, and high-occupancy toll lanes). Going forward, this report suggests avenues for future induced travel research, including meta-analyses of induced travel studies to estimate pooled effect sizes, more research on the impact of existing traffic congestion and other contextual factors on induced travel effect size, and further studies on induced travel from managed lanes. It will also be important to continue monitoring other induced travel calculators for consistency with NCST’s Calculator. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Induced travel, VMT, travel demand, road construction, traffic, traffic forecasting, calculators, environmental review |
| Date: | 2022–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt1hh9b9mf&r= |
| By: | Jonathan Berrisch; Sven Pappert; Florian Ziel; Antonia Arsova |
| Abstract: | We study the prices of European Emission Allowances (EUA), whereby we analyze their uncertainty and dependencies on related energy markets. We propose a probabilistic multivariate conditional time series model that exploits key characteristics of the data. The forecasting performance of the proposed model and various competing models is evaluated in an extensive rolling window forecasting study, covering almost two years out-of-sample. Thereby, we forecast 30-steps ahead. The accuracy of the multivariate probabilistic forecasts is assessed by the energy score. We discuss our findings focusing on volatility spillovers and time-varying correlations, also in view of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2208.14311&r= |
| By: | Jens Abildtrup; Serge Garcia; Yann Kervinio; Etienne Sullice (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Léa Tardieu; Claire Montagné-Huck |
| Date: | 2021–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03767657&r= |
| By: | Amélie Gonçalves (AGIR - AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Rachel Levy (ENSFEA - École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville); Pierre Triboulet (AGIR - AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Brice Navereau (Echelles et Territoires - Partenaires INRAE); Natalia Suarez-Moya (AGIR - AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Lucie Viou (AGIR - AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Cet atelier a été organisé afin de partager et discuter les travaux du projet REPRO-INNOV autour du rôle du territoire dans le développement d'innovations par les acteurs économiques des filières agroalimentaires (nouveaux produits, offres de services des coopératives agricoles, nouvelles relations interentreprises sur un territoire, innovations environnementales...). Il s'est tenu en ligne et a rassemblé plus de 40 participants. |
| Keywords: | agri-alimentaire,coopératives agricoles |
| Date: | 2022–04–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03646744&r= |
| By: | Theocharis Moysiadis; Konstantina Spanaki (Audencia Business School); Ayalew Kassahun; Sabine Kläser; Nicolas Becker; George Alexiou; Nikolaos Zotos; Iliada Karali |
| Abstract: | This work is supported by the Digital Ecosystem Utilisation (CYSLOP), which has received funding from IoF2020 (http://www.iof2020.eu) with subgrand agreement 2282300206-UC002, while the IoF2020 project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 731884. |
| Keywords: | SC traceability,AgriFood SC,Internet of Things,Smart Farming,Data Sharing,EPCIS |
| Date: | 2022–08–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03766179&r= |