|
on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Priyank Lathwal; Parth Vaishnav; M. Granger Morgan |
| Abstract: | PM2.5 produced by freight trucking has significant adverse impacts on human health. Here we explore the spatial distribution of freight trucking emissions and demonstrate that public health impacts due to freight trucking disproportionately affect certain racial and ethnic groups. Based on the US federal government data, we build an emissions inventory to quantify heterogeneity of trucking emissions and find that ~10% of NOx and ~12% of CO2 emissions from all sources in the US come from freight trucks. The costs to human health and the environment due to NOx, PM2.5, SO2, and CO2 from freight trucking in the US are estimated respectively to be $11B, $5.5B, $100M, and $30B (social cost of carbon of $51 per ton). We demonstrate that more freight pollution occurs in counties and census tracts with a higher proportion of Black and Hispanic residents. Counties with a higher proportion of Black and Hispanic residents are also more likely to be net importers of pollution damages from other counties. |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2204.06588&r= |
| By: | Cauê Carrilho (USP - Universidade de São Paulo); Gabriela Demarchi (CIFOR - Center for International Forestry Research - CGIAR - Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR], CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro); Amy Duchelle (CIFOR - Center for International Forestry Research - CGIAR - Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR]); Sven Wunder (CIFOR - Center for International Forestry Research - CGIAR - Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR], EFI - European Forest Institute); Carla Morsello (EACH - Escola de Artes Ciências e Humanidades - USP - Universidade de São Paulo) |
| Abstract: | Rigorous impact evaluations of local REDD+ (reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation) initiatives have shown some positive outcomes for forests, while wellbeing impacts have been mixed. However, will REDD+ outcomes persist over time after interventions have ended? Using quasi-experimental methods, we investigated the effects of one REDD+ initiative in the Brazilian Amazon on deforestation and people's well-being, including intra-community spillover effects (leakage). We then evaluated to what extent outcomes persisted after the initiative ended (permanence). This initiative combined Payments for Environmental Services (PES) with sustainable livelihood alternatives to reduce smallholder deforestation. Data came from face-to-face surveys with 113 households (treatment: 52; non-participant from treatment communities: 35; control: 46) in a three-datapoint panel design (2010, 2014 and 2019). Results indicate the REDD+ initiative conserved an average of 7.8% to 10.3% of forest cover per household. It also increased the probability of improving enrollees' wellbeing by 27-44%. We found no evidence for significant intra-community leakage. After the initiative ended, forest loss rebounded and perceived wellbeing declined – yet, importantly, past saved forest was not cleared. Our results therefore confirm what the theory and stylized evidence envisioned for temporal payments on activity-reducing (‘set-aside'): forest loss was successfully delayed, but not permanently eradicated. |
| Keywords: | conservation incentives,emission reductions,additionality,climate change mitigation,impact assessment. |
| Date: | 2022–03–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpceem:hal-03614704&r= |
| By: | Kobayashi, Masanori (Asian Development Bank Institute); Watanabe, Atsushi (Asian Development Bank Institute); Furukawa, Keita (Asian Development Bank Institute); Tingson, Keshia N. (Asian Development Bank Institute); Golbuu, Yimnang (Asian Development Bank Institute); Habito, Cielito F. (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | A blue economy has become a pivotal policy objective to promote sustainable development through the conservation and sustainable use of marine and coastal resources. An approach to promote co-benefits and synergies is useful for a wide range of stakeholders. To articulate such co-benefits and synergies, we chose cases for analysis based on the co-benefits and synergies in the promotion of a sustainable blue economy. We performed a socio-ecological system analysis to examine the interface of marine and coastal ecosystem changes and the policy and institutional responses. In the analyzed cases, we identified a sound policy framework, multi-stakeholder and cross-sectoral collaboration, innovation, and science-based policy development and implementation as factors that catalyzed co-benefits and synergies. On the other hand, market disruption, changes in the marine environment, and climate change impacts impeded the efforts to promote a blue economy. The results of the analysis demonstrated that capacity development and international partnership are indispensable to promote a blue economy and scale up this effort. The analysis also inferred that research institutes can play a role in providing policy options and courses of action to assess the locally available resources and pursue co-benefits and synergies through the conservation and sustainable use of marine and coastal resources with the aim of achieving a sustainable blue economy. |
| Keywords: | blue economy; co-benefit; synergies; trade-offs; innovation; partnership |
| JEL: | Q00 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:1295&r= |
| By: | Sigita Strumskyte (OECD); Sara Ramos Magaña (OECD); Helene Bendig (OECD) |
| Abstract: | Women’s participation in environmental decision-making is important for advancing both gender equality and environmental action. The presence of women in political decision-making is linked to more ambitious climate goals and policies. Women on corporate boards consistently prioritise environmental, social and governance issues, including climate and sustainability. In civil society, women around the world are creating powerful networks to combat environmental degradation and tackle climate-related inequalities. Despite these benefits, significant gender gaps in environmental leadership persist across countries and sectors, with some of the widest occurring in countries especially vulnerable to climate change and where its gender‑differentiated impacts are most acute. This paper reviews existing evidence on women’s environmental leadership in public governance, environmentally-sensitive industries, and civil society, and its impact on environmental outcomes in these sectors. It identifies potential policy actions as well as areas for further data collection and research. La participation des femmes au processus décisionnel en matière d'environnement est importante pour faire progresser l'égalité des sexes ainsi que l'action environnementale. La présence des femmes dans la prise de décision politique est liée à des objectifs et des politiques climatiques plus ambitieux. Les femmes au sein des conseils d'administration accordent systématiquement la priorité aux questions environnementales, sociales et de gouvernance, y compris celles du climat et de la durabilité. Dans la société civile, les femmes du monde entier créent des réseaux puissants pour lutter contre la dégradation de l'environnement et les inégalités liées au climat. Malgré ces avantages, des écarts importants entre les sexes en matière de leadership environnemental persistent dans les pays et les secteurs, avec les plus importants se produisant dans les pays particulièrement vulnérables au changement climatique et où ses impacts différentiels selon le sexe sont les plus aigus. Ce document examine des données existantes sur le leadership environnemental des femmes dans la gouvernance publique, les industries sensibles à l'environnement et la société civile, ainsi que son impact sur les résultats environnementaux dans ces secteurs. Il identifie des actions politiques potentielles ainsi que les domaines dans lesquels des données et des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires. |
| Keywords: | cclimate change, environmental action, environmental sustainability, gender environment nexus, gender equality, leadership, women's empowerment |
| JEL: | D71 J16 J18 M51 Q56 |
| Date: | 2022–04–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:193-en&r= |
| By: | Ismail Elhassnaoui (University of Mohammed V); Zineb Moumen (LISAC, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University); Manuela Tvaronavičienė (Daugavpils University); Mohamed Ouarani (UM6P - Mohammed VI Polytechnic University [Marocco]); Mohamed Ben-Daoud (Moulay Ismail University); Issam Serrari (Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries); Ikram Lahmidi (LISAC, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University); M.A.S. Wahba (National Water Research Center); Ahmed Bouziane (Ministry of Equipment, Transport, Logistics and Water); Driss Ouazar (University of Mohammed V); Moulay Hasnaoui (University of Mohammed V) |
| Abstract: | The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development aims to reach 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs 6 deals with water security, which refers mainly to ensure availability and sustainable management of water. The present study aims to enhance reservoir performance under climate change to deal with water scarcity. For this purpose, we proposed a new methodology where precipitation and evaporation data provided through temporal downscaling are leveraged by a real-time management algorithm coupled with the Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS). The real-time dam management algorithm is based on water balance equation and rule curves. It provides information about (1) dam storage, (2) dam release, (3) dam evaporation, (4) dam diversion, (5) spilled water volume, (6) emergency spilled water volume, (7) dam inflow, (8) irrigation demand, (9) irrigation shortage, (10) dam siltation, (11) dam hydropower production , (12) hydropower energy income. The developed approach has been applied to the Hassan Addakhil multipurpose reservoir in Morocco. The result shows that the dam reliability and resilience have increased from 40% to 70% and from 16% to 66%, respectively, while the vulnerability remained constant. Additionally, this study has pointed out that the installation of a hydropower plant is an opportunity to produce clean electrical energy and generate an income enough to cover different costs related to dam management and maintenance. Therefore, the real-time management tool developed in the framework of this project can significantly enhance reservoir performance . |
| Keywords: | Climate change,SDGs (6),Temporal downscaling,Real-time dam management,Hydropower,Dam performance,Ziz watershed |
| Date: | 2021–03–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03583819&r= |
| By: | Gregory P. Casey |
| Abstract: | I build a quantitative model of economic growth that can be used to evaluate the impact of environmental policy interventions on final-use energy consumption, an important driver of carbon emissions. In the model, energy demand is driven by directed technical change. Energy supply is subject to increasing extraction costs. The model is consistent with aggregate evidence on energy use, efficiency, and prices in the United States, as well as the standard balanced growth facts. I use the model to conduct several policy analyses. First, I examine the impact of energy taxes and compare the results to the standard Cobb-Douglas approach used in the environmental macroeconomics literature. Second, I investigate how the government can use energy taxes and R&D policy to implement the least-cost path that achieves an environmental target. Finally, I study the dynamic impacts of exogenous improvements in energy efficiency and R&D subsidies for energy efficiency, focusing on the role of rebound. All analyses highlight the importance of transition dynamics. |
| Keywords: | energy, climate change, directed technical change, growth |
| JEL: | H23 O33 O44 Q43 Q55 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9580&r= |
| By: | Emma Jagu (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles, IFP School, CentraleSupélec); Olivier Massol (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles, IFP School, CentraleSupélec, University of London [London], CEC - Chaire Economie du Climat - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres) |
| Abstract: | Carbon removal certification may become a powerful instrument to accelerate decarbonization efforts. In Europe, its implementation is expected to foster the deployment of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS). Yet, the large-scale adoption of BECCS is also limited by the availability of a costly CO2 transportation infrastructure shared with fossil-fueled emitters. In this paper, we examine the interactions between carbon removal accounting (which determines financial incentives for BECCS) and optimal CO2 infrastructure deployment by asking how certification affects the feasibility of BECCS projects. We propose an original economic framework to explore this question and apply it to a real case study in Sweden. We show that, although a carbon removal accounting framework based on a lifecycle methodology discourages investment in inefficient BECCS processes, it may lead to locking out BECCS from CO2 infrastructures. Our results suggest that a trade-off must be found between accurately evaluating carbon removal and avoiding BECCS lock-out. We formulate two policy recommendations to overcome this trade-off: (i) deploying sustainable biomass certification to incentivize more carbonefficient BECCS process, and (ii) stimulating public and private demand for carbon removal credits to induce a higher price for sustainable carbon removal than for carbon mitigation. |
| Keywords: | Carbon removal accounting,Carbon removal certification,Negative Emissions,Bioenergy Energy with Carbon Capture and Storage,CO2 infrastructures |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03609403&r= |
| By: | Alex Hollingworth; Taylor Jaworski; Carl Kitchens; Ivan Rudik |
| Abstract: | We develop a spatial equilibrium model to evaluate the efficiency and distributional impacts of the leading air quality regulation in the United States: the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). We link our economic model to an integrated assessment model for air pollutants which allows us to capture endogenous changes in emissions, amenities, labor, and production. Our results show that the NAAQS generate over $23 billion of annual welfare gains. This is roughly 80 percent of welfare gains of the second-best NAAQS design, but only 25 percent of the first-best emission pricing policy. The NAAQS benefits are concentrated in a small set of cities, impose substantial costs on manufacturing workers, improve amenities in counties in compliance with the NAAQS, and reduce emissions in compliance counties through general equilibrium channels. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for geographic reallocation and equilibrium responses when quantifying the effects of environmental regulation. |
| Keywords: | Clean Air Act, environmental quality, economic geography |
| JEL: | F18 Q52 Q53 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9644&r= |
| By: | Blaber, Richard Michael |
| Abstract: | It is often argued, by both climate scientists and activists, that there are straightforward solutions to the climate emergency, which only require the political will to implement them from governments beholden to the fossil fuel industry; namely, a transition from fossil fuels to energy entirely produced by renewable means, improving energy efficiency, and ending deforestation and the destruction of wetlands. We shall show that more than this is required, but that this ‘more’ may very well be more than the climate scientists and activists themselves can stomach. |
| Date: | 2022–04–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:frj6m&r= |
| By: | Italo Colantone; Livio Di Lonardo; Yotam Margalit; Marco Percoco |
| Abstract: | For many governments enacting green policies is a priority, but these often entail substantial and uneven costs on citizens. How does the introduction of green policies affect voting? We study this question in the context of a major ban on polluting cars introduced in Milan. The policy was strongly opposed by the right-wing populist party Lega, portraying it as a “radical-chic-leftist” initiative penalizing common people. We show that owners of banned vehicles—who incurred a median loss of €3,750—were significantly more likely to vote for Lega in the subsequent elections. This electoral shift does not stem from increased environmental skepticism, but rather from the perceived unfairness of the policy and its pocketbook implications. In fact, recipients of compensation from the local government were not more likely to switch to Lega. The findings underscore that addressing the distributive consequences is key for advancing green policies that are politically sustainable. |
| Keywords: | environmental politics, green policies, distributional consequences, compensation mechanisms |
| JEL: | P10 D70 Q50 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9599&r= |
| By: | Moritz A. Drupp; Frikk Nesje; Robert C. Schmidt |
| Abstract: | We study the variation of global and unilateral carbon price recommendations and their determinants. To this end, we provide survey evidence on carbon pricing from more than 400 experts across almost 40 countries. We quantify the extent of (dis-)agreement and reveal that a majority of experts can agree on some short- and medium-term global carbon price levels, and on unilateral carbon price levels in most countries. We find little evidence for free-riding. Indeed, experts’ unilateral carbon price recommendations with border carbon adjustment are, on average, higher than global recommendations. Furthermore, border carbon adjustment facilitates higher price recommendations and tends to foster agreement among experts on carbon price levels. We analyze how experts’ recommendations vary with additional survey data on key policy design issues, such as instrument choice, other likely determinants of carbon price recommendations as well as country characteristics and observable expert characteristics. |
| Keywords: | carbon pricing, expert survey, carbon tax, emission trading, border carbon adjustment, climate policy |
| JEL: | Q54 H43 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9608&r= |
| By: | Xiaoying Liu; Jere R. Behrman; Emily Hannum; Fan Wang; Qingguo Zhao |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates whether associations between birth weight and prenatal ambient environmental conditions--pollution and extreme temperatures--differ by 1) maternal education; 2) children's innate health; and 3) interactions between these two. We link birth records from Guangzhou, China, during a period of high pollution, to ambient air pollution (PM10 and a composite measure) and extreme temperature data. We first use mean regressions to test whether, overall, maternal education is an "effect modifier" in the relationships between ambient air pollution, extreme temperature, and birth weight. We then use conditional quantile regressions to test for effect heterogeneity according to the unobserved innate vulnerability of babies after conditioning on other confounders. Results show that 1) the negative association between ambient exposures and birth weight is twice as large at lower conditional quantiles of birth weights as at the median; 2) the protection associated with college-educated mothers with respect to pollution and extreme heat is heterogeneous and potentially substantial: between 0.02 and 0.34 standard deviations of birth weights, depending on the conditional quantiles; 3) this protection is amplified under more extreme ambient conditions and for infants with greater unobserved innate vulnerabilities. |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2204.00219&r= |
| By: | Mohammad Asghari (emlyon business school); Seyed Mohammad Javad Mirzapour Al-E-Hashem; Yacine Rekik |
| Abstract: | This study addresses one of the most challenging issues in designing a sustainable and efficient ride-sharing service. This paper uses an extensive computational study to quantify the behavior of carpooling in customized bus routing problems. This mechanism allows organizations to draw on the potential of their employees' private cars to provide convenient alternative rides for other employees, thereby reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions as well as increasing overall satisfaction with the transportation system offered. The objective functions minimize: (i) total transportation costs and incentives paid to drivers of private cars, (ii) dissatisfaction as determined by staff walking distance, travel time, and delays in arriving at work, and (iii) total carbon emissions generated by commuting. We propose a resolution algorithm based on Pareto Strength Ant Colony Optimization (PSACO) as an effective meta-heuristic method for solving the multi-objective mathematical model and compare it with the results obtained by an exact method. The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed problem have been evaluated by performing computational experiments on a real case study in Paris using a number of comparative metrics with appropriate assumptions. Different parameters affecting the performance of the algorithm are also investigated. The concluding section presents a comparison of the results achieved. The test outcomes confirm that the formulation and the solution methods can be useful references for practice. The insights obtained from the research could provide the basis for designing incentive schemes and information campaigns aimed at making ride-sharing systems more successful and improving their performance. |
| Keywords: | Ride-sharing system,Customized buses,vehicle routing problem,Sustainable transportation,Pareto strength ant colony optimization |
| Date: | 2022–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03598768&r= |
| By: | Nicolas Piluso (CERTOP - Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir - UT3 - Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès) |
| Abstract: | Keynesian macroeconomics has known since the 2000s important developments on the theme of global warming and more broadly environmental constraints weighing on the economy. The purpose of this article is to synthesize the lessons learned from these main models which mostly start from a radical critique of the neoclassical approach on the ecological question. Post-Keynesians highlight the need for strong public intervention to modify our current growth model. The other Keynesians underline the modification of the effects of economic policies when they are coupled with a climate policy. |
| Abstract: | La macroéconomie keynésienne a connu depuis les années 2000 des développements importants sur la thématique du réchauffement climatique et des contraintes environnementales pesant sur l'économie. L'objet de cet article est de réaliser une synthèse des enseignements de ces principaux modèles qui partent pour la plupart d'une critique radicale de l'approche néoclassique sur la question écologique. Les post-keynésiens mettent en évidence la nécessité d'une intervention publique forte pour modifier notre modèle de croissance actuel. Les autres keynésiens soulignent la modification des effets des politiques économiques lorsqu'elles sont couplées à une politique climatique. |
| Keywords: | growth,keynesian modeling,global warming,economic policy,carbon tax,taxe carbone,modèle keynésien,réchauffement climatique,politique économique,croissance |
| Date: | 2022–02–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03571794&r= |
| By: | Booth, Hollie (University of Oxford); Mourato, Susana (London School of Economics and Political Science); Milner-Gulland, E.J. |
| Abstract: | Marine tourism is promoted as a substitute economic activity to unsustainable fishing, which is compatible with conservation. However, benefits of marine tourism do not typically accrue in small-scale fisheries (SSFs), which often bear the costs of conservation; they accrue to tourists and to tourist-focussed businesses. We explored how marine tourism levies could operationalise the beneficiary-pays principle and address these cost-benefit inequities using an online contingent valuation (CV) survey to measure international tourists’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) towards community-based shark conservation (N = 1,033). Levies were widely supported (96%), with a median and Turnbull mean WTP of US$ 10-14.99 and $22.02 per person per day, respectively. We combined these results with field data from two marine tourism hotspots in Indonesia – Lombok and Pulau Weh - to explore the feasibility of implementing tourism levies to incentivise pro-conservation behaviour in local SSFs. Our conservative estimates indicate that conservation levies in Lombok and Pulau Weh could respectively generate US$ 2.3 –10 million and US$ 300,000 – 1.3 million annually – several times greater than the estimated costs of conservation incentives in local SSFs. The marine tourism industry offers an under-utilised revenue stream for marine conservation, which could support policy aspirations such as ‘a sustainable and equitable blue economy’. |
| Date: | 2022–04–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:9gzy3&r= |
| By: | Natalya Andryeyeva (Institute of Market Problems and Economic-Ecological Research NAS of Ukraine); Oksana Nikishyna (Institute of Market Problems and Economic-Ecological Research NAS of Ukraine); Borys Burkynskyi (Institute of Market Problems and Economic-Ecological Research NAS of Ukraine); Nina Khumarova (Institute of Market Problems and Economic-Ecological Research NAS of Ukraine); Oleksandr Laiko (Institute of Market Problems and Economic-Ecological Research NAS of Ukraine); Hanna Tiutiunnyk (Institute of Market Problems and Economic-Ecological Research NAS of Ukraine) |
| Abstract: | The methodological vision of the formation of the state economic policy, based on the needs of society sustainable development was proposed; the methodology for analyzing the impact of economic and environmental indicators of the implementation of the state economic policy, as an alternative to decoupling analysis was developed. Methodology. Methodological basis is formed by the convergence of four methodological approaches: methods of evaluation of indicators of "green" growth of the OECD; National System of Sustainable Development; methodological support for determining the economic and environmental priorities of "green" economy in the context of sustainable development; normative approach to the evaluation of parameters of economic safety of the state. Results. The proposed methodological support was approbated on the example of Ukraine in the period from 2010 to 2018. Practical approbation of the methodology allowed us to determine the cause-and-effect relationships between the dynamics of changes in economic and environmental indicators, positive and negative trends in the process of environmental transformation of economic policy. Value/originality. The original feature of the author's methodology is a logical and structural analysis of the main factors influencing the components of resource and environmental productivity of GDP and an extended diagnostic procedure. |
| Keywords: | analysis,diagnostics,sustainable development,indicators,environment,economic policy |
| Date: | 2021–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03583921&r= |
| By: | Nour Nassar (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University); Manuela Tvaronavičienė (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University) |
| Abstract: | Sustainable management for green competitiveness has been mentioned in the lasting researches based on various theories as to the transition theory, social responsibility theory (CSR), sustainable supply chain management theory (SSCM), the theory of planned behavior, and the contingency theory. Our purpose is to know which management theory is the most reliable in defining the intersection of management theories, sustainability, and green competitiveness. Therefore, a new interpretation must be parallel to cover all sustainability aspects: people, economics, and the environment. PRISMA-SCR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews) methodology was used to develop a greater understanding of relevant terminology core concepts, and key items to report for scoping reviews. |
| Keywords: | management theory,sustainable management,green competitiveness,competitiveness |
| Date: | 2021–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03583948&r= |
| By: | Pohit, Sanjib (Asian Development Bank Institute); Singh, Rishabh (Asian Development Bank Institute); Chowdhury, Soumi Roy (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | Urban India, particularly metros, is a major hotspot of air pollution with a PM2.5 concentration level ranging above the permissible limits defined by the WHO for most of the year. Unsurprisingly, special efforts have been made by the Government of India in recent years to improve air quality. Since the transport sector is a major source of air pollution in urban India, the Government of India adopted BS-VI emission standards in 2016 in principle for all major on-road vehicle categories. The rollout of Euro 6 in India began with the capital city Delhi. Furthermore, India’s policy makers have been proactive in introducing clean fuel such as CNG, as well as electric vehicle and hydrogen fuel vehicles for urban transport. We analyze the interplay between the policy shifts on transport and the level of emissions for Delhi for the next 10 years. We devised three scenarios, starting with the optimistic scenario (OPS), which assumes that all of the set policy targets of the Government of India will be realized as planned. A pessimistic scenario (PES) assumes implementation of the optimistic scenario with a delay of 3 years, and finally, the business-as-usual scenario (BAU) assumes no policy interventions in the transport sector and a status quo to be in operation for the coming decade. We predict a significant decline in the emissions of particulate matter, hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides in the OPS/PES scenarios due to the proposed introduction of BS-VI and battery electric fuel vehicles. We find a 20.67% decrease in the overall PM emissions level in the city by 2030. By contrast, our BAU scenario predicts that emissions will increase significantly if no policy intervention is undertaken. In sum, policy interventions may lead to a substantial reduction in emissions in Delhi and thereby a longer life for Delhi inhabitants. |
| Keywords: | air pollution; transport policy; auto industry; emissions; particulate matter; India |
| JEL: | F64 H23 I18 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:1297&r= |
| By: | Gondia Sokhna Seck (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles); Emmanuel Hache (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles, The French Institute for International and Strategic Affairs, (IRIS), EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Charlène Barnet (IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles - IFPEN - IFP Energies nouvelles) |
| Abstract: | Within the context of the energy transition, decarbonization of the transport sector is the cornerstone of many public policies. As a key component in the cathodes of lithium-ion batteries and nickel metal hydride batteries used in electric or hybrid vehicles, cobalt is expected to face a dynamic demand in the coming decades. Numerous questions are arising regarding the criticality risks of this key metal of the energy transition. In order to assess the availability of cobalt until 2050, we rely on our linear programming world energy-transport model, TIAM-IFPEN. Two climate scenarios were considered (2 °C and 4 °C), each with two different mobility scenarios (Business-as-Usual mobility and Sustainable mobility) and for each mobility scenario, three lithium-ion battery chemistry mix trajectories were considered (high, central and low cobalt content) by 2050. Results show that in the most stringent scenario 83,2% of cobalt resources identified in 2013 would be extracted from the ground by 2050 to satisfy global consumption. Two Thirds of world production is from Africa while China consumes 1/3 of the total demand by 2050. We identify several ways to meet the increasing demand for cobalt resources. Public policies must therefore focus on 3 complementary axes: promoting the development of sustainable mobility; prioritizing low cobalt content batteries in electric vehicles; and concentrating efforts on the implementation and the deployment of a system for recovering, sorting and recycling waste. |
| Keywords: | Bottom-up Modeling,Cobalt,EV Battery,Critical Raw Materials,Transport Sector,Energy Transition |
| Date: | 2022–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03563296&r= |
| By: | Patrick Bigler; Doina Maria Radulescu |
| Abstract: | We analyze welfare implications of policies promoting environmentally friendly vehicles employing rich Swiss micro-data on 23,000 newly purchased cars and their buyers. Our estimates reveal substantial income heterogeneity in price elasticity and electric vehicle (EV) adoption. While CO2 levies secure road financing revenue, emissions of the new car fleet only slightly decrease. In contrast, subsidies support EV uptake, and lead to a more pronounced emission reduction. Both instruments have redistributive implications. We compute optimal subsidy - fuel tax combinations subject to a pre-specified EV target and to securing road financing in the presence or absence of equity concerns. |
| Keywords: | electric vehicles, mixed logit, welfare, fuel tax, subsidies, CO2 emissions |
| JEL: | C25 D12 H23 L62 Q48 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9645&r= |
| By: | Martin Henseler (EDEHN - Equipe d'Economie Le Havre Normandie - ULH - Université Le Havre Normandie - NU - Normandie Université); Micheal Gallagher; Peter Kreins (Thünen Institute of Rural Studies, Brunswick) |
| Abstract: | Microplastic pollution in soils is a recent environmental problem and the lack of knowledge about the impacts and the extent of the problem are raising questions and concerns among researchers and politicians. Using a normative simulation model, we assess the extent of microplastic pollution in German agricultural soils originat-ing from the land application of sewage sludge and compost. We estimate the microplastic concentration in German agricultural soils, the area of polluted land, and we compare the efficiency and effectiveness of some selected abatement measures. For 2020, we estimate that microplastic concentration in agricultural soil reaches a maximum concentration of between 30 and 50 mg/kg dry weight on 2% of Utilised Agricultural Area and a marginal concentration on 22% of Utilised Agricultural Area. Without the implementation of abatement measures, we expect the microplastic concentration to increase two to three times by 2060. Assessing the abatement measures, we find that for sewage sludge, thermal recycling is a more efficient and effective than equipping washing machines with microplastic-filters in private households. The use of plastic detection systems in the biowaste collection process reduces the plastic content of the compost and thus the release of micro-plastic into the soil. Detection systems are a more efficient measure for compost than thermal recycling. Con-cerning sludge, the findings indicate that the German strategy of thermally recycling sewage sludge is an effi-cient and effective measure to reduce microplastic pollution in soils. Reducing the plastic content of collected biowaste complies with the principles a circular economy. |
| Keywords: | Mitigation cost,Efficiency,Recycling,Fertiliser,Sewage sludge,Compost |
| Date: | 2022–03–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03176598&r= |
| By: | François Libois (PSE - Paris School of Economics - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Jean-Marie Baland (CRED - Centre de Recherche en Economie et Droit - UP2 - Université Panthéon-Assas, CEPR - Center for Economic Policy Research - CEPR, University of Namur); Nicolas Delbart (LIED (UMR_8236) - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPC - Université Paris Cité); Subhrendu Pattanayak (Duke University [Durham]) |
| Abstract: | Since 1993, Nepal has implemented one of the most ambitious and comprehensive program of decentralization of forest management in the world, which is widely considered a success story in terms of participatory management of natural resources. Using quasi-experimental methods, we first quantify the net gains in tree cover related to the program in the Hills and Mountains of Nepal, and describe their temporal evolution. We then discuss the mechanisms driving forest restoration, highlighting that, while community forestry played a role in increasing forest biomass and forest size, it also reduced demand pressures by altering energy choices. |
| Keywords: | Forest management,Community forestry,Nepal,Energy,Participatory development Forest management,Participatory development |
| Date: | 2022–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03597659&r= |
| By: | Hekmatpour, Peyman; Leslie, Carrie McLachlin |
| Abstract: | Ambient air pollution is among the most pressing environmental problems in our contemporary world that poses significant risks to global ecological and public health. This study analyzes cross-national heterogeneities in trajectories of death rates attributable to ambient air pollution. Compiling panel data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, the Direction of Trade Statistics (DOTS), and the World Development Indicators, we create a dataset that tracks 169 countries from 1991 to 2017. Using growth curve models (GCMs), we estimate country-specific trajectories of death rates attributable to air pollution, and condition them on time-invariant and time-varying independent variables. The results suggest that while the global death rate attributable to air pollution has been continuously decreasing, there are heterogeneities in countries’ death rate trajectories based on their geographic location and position in the world economy. High-income countries of the global North have perpetually witnessed lower death rates attributable to air pollution compared to middle- and low-income countries of the global South. Moreover, our results indicate that increased export to high-income countries, as a proxy for ecologically unequal exchange, leads to higher death rates from air pollution in middle- and low-income countries. |
| Date: | 2022–03–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:racms&r= |
| By: | Geir B. Asheim; Kohei Kamaga; Stéphane Zuber |
| Abstract: | Climate change is an externality since those who emit greenhouse gases do not pay the long-term negative consequences of their emissions. In view of the resulting inefficiency, it has been claimed that climate policies can be evaluated by the Pareto principle. However, climate policies lead to different identities of future people, implying that the Pareto principle is not applicable. Assuming that there are infinitely many future people whose identities are not observable, we specify conditions under which their spatiotemporal positions do not matter. This implies that the Suppes-Sen principle whereby ranked streams are compared plays an important role and justifies that following dominance relation: A state a is said to dominate another state b if a Pareto dominates b for existing people and Suppes-Sen dominates b for future people, with at least one of the two being strict. We illustrate the consequences of this dominance definition for policy choice. |
| Keywords: | climate change, efficiency, intergenerational equity, population ethics, infinite streams |
| JEL: | D61 D63 D71 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9575&r= |
| By: | François Bareille (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Matteo Zavalloni (Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL) - Università di Bologna); Davide Viaggi (Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL) - Università di Bologna) |
| Abstract: | Agglomeration bonus schemes are envisioned to incentivize the connectivity of habitat conservation across landowners. Assuming full cooperation among landowners at the landscape scale, the bulk of the literature theoretically finds that agglomeration bonus schemes are more cost effective in achieving biodiversity conservation than spatially homogenous payments. However, it may be rational for landowners not to cooperate all together but, rather, to cooperate within smaller groups. Here, we analyze the cost effectiveness of agglomeration bonus schemes when such partial cooperation is allowed, that is, when cooperation is endogenously chosen. We introduce a spatially explicit ecological-economic model within a coalition formation game to assess how landowners form stable coalition structures and how this affects biodiversity conservation under a wide range of (i) degrees of spatial cost autocorrelation, (ii) bonuses and flat-rate payments, (iii) species dispersal rates, and (iv) coordination costs. We find that agglomeration bonus schemes are more cost effective than homogenous payments only for low public expenditures. This condition is not identified if full cooperation is assumed. We find, however, that full cooperation never emerges and hence that such an assumption leads to an overestimation of the cost effectiveness of agglomeration bonus schemes. Moreover, we find that the cost effectiveness of agglomeration bonus schemes increases when the spatial cost autocorrelation and species dispersal rate decrease. Finally, coordination costs do not affect the cost effectiveness of the agglomeration bonus scheme but they have implications for its design because of their impact on coalition formation. |
| Abstract: | Les systèmes de primes d'agglomération sont conçus pour encourager la connectivité de la conservation des habitats entre les propriétaires fonciers. Dans l'hypothèse d'une coopération totale entre les propriétaires fonciers à l'échelle du paysage, l'essentiel de la littérature montre théoriquement que les systèmes de primes d'agglomération sont plus rentables pour la conservation de la biodiversité que les paiements spatialement homogènes. Cependant, il peut être rationnel pour les propriétaires fonciers de ne pas coopérer tous ensemble, mais plutôt de coopérer au sein de groupes plus petits. Nous analysons ici la rentabilité des systèmes de primes d'agglomération lorsqu'une telle coopération partielle est autorisée, c'est-à-dire lorsque la coopération est choisie de manière endogène. Nous introduisons un modèle éco-économique spatialement explicite dans un jeu de formation de coalition pour évaluer comment les propriétaires terriens forment des structures de coalition stables et comment cela affecte la conservation de la biodiversité sous une large gamme de (i) degrés d'autocorrélation spatiale des coûts, (ii) primes et paiements forfaitaires, (iii) taux de dispersion des espèces, et (iv) coûts de coordination. Nous constatons que les systèmes de primes d'agglomération sont plus rentables que les paiements homogènes uniquement lorsque les dépenses publiques sont faibles. Cette condition n'est pas identifiée si l'on suppose une coopération totale. Nous constatons cependant qu'une coopération totale n'apparaît jamais et qu'une telle hypothèse conduit à une surestimation de la rentabilité des systèmes de primes d'agglomération. En outre, nous constatons que la rentabilité des systèmes de primes d'agglomération augmente lorsque l'autocorrélation des coûts spatiaux et le taux de dispersion des espèces diminuent. Enfin, les coûts de coordination n'affectent pas le rapport coût-efficacité du système de primes d'agglomération, mais ils ont des implications pour sa conception en raison de leur impact sur la formation de coalitions. |
| Keywords: | Biodiversity conservation,Collective incentive,Environmental subsidies,Green club |
| Date: | 2022–02–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03564347&r= |
| By: | Julia Schnatz; Alejandro Guerrero-Ruiz; Kadambote Sachin |
| Abstract: | This case study explores whether the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can be used as a shared framework by all actors to manage development co-operation for results in lower middle-income countries, taking Bangladesh as a case study. The study offers an introduction to Bangladesh’s progress in mainstreaming the Goals in national policy making, as well as in monitoring the SDG targets and indicators. The report then focuses on the experiences of development co-operation partners in aligning their country-level programmes and frameworks with the SDGs, and identifies enabling factors, drivers and obstacles that contribute to SDG alignment and monitoring in Bangladesh. The study concludes with recommendations for both the government and its development partners to increase the collective use of the SDG framework and improve the policy coherence, effectiveness and sustainable impact of all development efforts. |
| Keywords: | adaptive management, agenda 2030, aggregation, asia, data, development effectiveness, evidence-based, harmonisation, impact, lower middle-income country, performance measurement, results, results framework, results-based management, sdgs, standard indicators, statistics |
| JEL: | Z18 O20 O19 O21 |
| Date: | 2022–04–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:dcdaaa:105-en&r= |
| By: | Naroa Coretti Sanchez; Luis Alonso Pastor; Kent Larson |
| Abstract: | Autonomous bicycles have recently been proposed as a new and more efficient approach to bicycle-sharing systems (BSS), but the corresponding environmental implications remain unresearched. Conducting environmental impact assessments at an early technological stage is critical to influencing the design and, ultimately, environmental impacts of a system. Consequently, this paper aims to assess the environmental impact of autonomous shared bikes compared with current station-based and dockless systems under different sets of modeling hypotheses and mode-shift scenarios. The results indicate that autonomy could reduce the environmental impact per passenger kilometer traveled of current station-based and dockless BSS by 33.1 % and 58.0 %. The sensitivity analysis shows that the environmental impact of autonomous shared bicycles will mainly depend on vehicle usage rates and the need for infrastructure. Finally, this study highlights the importance of targeting the mode replacement from more polluting modes, especially as traditional mobility modes decarbonize and become more efficient. |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2202.12405&r= |
| By: | Mercy T. Musakwa; Nicholas M. Odhiambo |
| Abstract: | This study investigated the impact of energy consumption on human development in South Africa, using annual data from 1990 to 2019. The study used disaggregated data on energy measures namely: oil products consumption; electricity consumption; renewable energy consumption; natural gas; coal and lignite; and total energy consumption at an aggregate level. Human Development Index (HDI) was used as a measure of human development. By employing autoregressive distributed lag bounds test to cointegration and error correction model, the study found the impact of energy consumption on human development to be positive in the short run when renewable energy was used as a proxy, but insignificant in the long run. When oil products, natural gas and total energy were used as proxies for energy, a negative impact was confirmed in the short run, while an insignificant impact was confirmed in the long run. When electricity, coal and lignite were used as proxies for energy, an insignificant impact was confirmed, irrespective of the time frame considered. The results revealed that the positive impact of renewable energy on human development is not big enough to offset the negative impact of other energy sources. This suggests that South Africa has to continue to expand renewable energy if a positive impact of energy on human development is to be realised. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:afa:wpaper:aesri03&r= |
| By: | Raouf Bouccekine (Rennes School of Business); Weihua Ruan (Purdue University Northwest); Benteng Zou (DEM, Université du Luxembourg) |
| Abstract: | We study a 2-country differential game with irreversible pollution. Irreversibil- ity is of a hard type: above a certain threshold level of pollution, the self-cleaning capacity of Nature drops to zero. Accordingly, the game includes a non-concave fea- ture, and we characterize both the cooperative and non-cooperative versions with this general non-LQ property. We deliver full analytical results for the existence of Markov Perfect Equilibria. We first demonstrate that when pollution costs are equal across players (symmetry), irreversible pollution regimes are more frequently reached than under cooperation. Second, we study the implications of asymmetry in the pollution cost. We find far nontrivial results on the reachability of the ir- reversible regime. However, we unambiguously prove that, for the same total cost of pollution, provided the irreversible regime is reached in both the symmetric and asymmetric cases, long-term pollution is larger in the symmetric case, reflecting more intensive free-riding under symmetry. |
| Keywords: | Differential games, Irreversible pollution, Non-concave pollution decay, Asymmetric pollution cost, Markov Perfect Equilibria. |
| JEL: | C72 C61 Q53 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:luc:wpaper:22-03&r= |
| By: | Yvan Renou (PACTE - Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - IEPG - Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Cheikh Ba (UCAD - Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal]) |
| Date: | 2022–03–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03612771&r= |
| By: | Jair Ojeda-Joya (Banco de la República, Colombia) |
| Abstract: | Climate change will potentially bring about important macroeconomic effects for all countries in the world and especially for emerging economies. I perform a counterfactual analysis to estimate the potential effect of global warming on the natural interest rate using a state-space semi-structural model of inflation and output determination. The model is estimated with quarterly data for Colombia for the period 1994-2019. I simulate gradual warming of 1°C during this period and include its potential effect on GDP growth and inflation according to recent cross-country estimations in the literature. The estimation with counterfactual data shows that the counterfactual natural interest rate decreases more rapidly to reach near O% at the end of the period. This result is induced by the persistently negative effects of higher temperatures on trend output growth. |
| Keywords: | Natural Interest Rate; Climate Change; Monetary Policy; Kalman filter |
| JEL: | E43 E52 Q51 |
| Date: | 2022–05–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gii:giihei:heidwp10-2022&r= |
| By: | Marco P. Vianna Franco (Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research - Partenaires INRAE); Antoine Missemer (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The history of ecological economic thought (EET) has been addressed in different ways and according to multifarious foundations, given the evolving character of conceptions of natural processes and economic phenomena. This article proposes a theoretical framework for understanding EET as the set of ideas bridging the social and the natural worlds by means of shared ontologies and epistemologies. These ideas stand against the human-nature divide which characterizes modern Western thought, contribute to thinking about contemporary sustainability challenges, and offer a more structured intellectual history of the roots of ecological economics. The article argues that writing the history of EET calls for an appraisal of historiographical challenges, in particular the risks posed by presentism and anachronism. It also reviews the literature engaging with the history of EET and, finally, identifies new lines of research, especially in terms of global narratives. |
| Abstract: | A história do pensamento econômico-ecológico (PEE) tem sido construída de diversas formas e de acordo com diferentes fundamentos, dado o caráter evolutivo de conceitos relacionados a processos naturais e econômicos. Este artigo propõe um arcabouço teórico para se entender o PEE como um conjunto de ideias interligando as esferas social e natural por meio de ontologias e epistemologias compartilhadas. Essas ideias se opõem a dicotomias entre o humano e o natural que caracterizam o pensamento ocidental moderno, contribuindo para a elucidação de desafios contemporâneos no contexto da sustentabilidade e oferecendo uma história intelectual estruturada das raízes da economia ecológica. O artigo defende que escrever a história do PEE requer o escrutínio dos desafios historiográficos, em particular dos riscos associados ao presentismo e ao anacronismo; além disso, ele traz uma revisão da literatura sobre PEE e, finalmente, identifica novas linhas de pesquisa com destaque para narrativas globais. |
| Keywords: | intellectual history,strong interdisciplinarity,historiography,ecological economics,longue durée,economia ecológica,história intelectual,interdisciplinaridade forte,historiografia |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03572043&r= |
| By: | Tadas Radavičius (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University); Arvid van der Heide (IMEC - Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre); Wolfram Palitzsch (LuxChemtech GmbH); Tom Rommens (VITO - Flemish Institute for Technological Research); Julius Denafas (Soli Tek R&D, JSC, KTU - Kaunas University of Technology); Manuela Tvaronavičienė (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University) |
| Abstract: | Climate change forces countries and organisations to transition towards renewable energies (RE). The transition requires a substantial amount of renewable energy installations, such as PV (photovoltaic) systems. EU solar cells (main PV panels component) manufacturing capacity in 2019 were only 0,2% compared to the world producers' capacity. It makes the European Union energy transition dependable on the foreign countries. In addition, the supply chain of the solar industry is facing issues of silicon solar panels having critical raw material (CRM) silver and toxic materials such as lead. The solar panels themselves are a complex combination of components making recovery of the materials a difficult process (Ha, 2020). These and further issues of the lack of circularity in the solar value chain endangers reliable access to solar energy in the long term. The goal of this research is to increase the circularity in the industry by designing technologically the product in a circular way. In order to achieve this goal, the authors blended information provided in the contemporary scientific literature with the shared expertise of producers and other stakeholders. Insights about the possible technological design changes of the solar panels, their issues, and their impact on the supply chain were gathered through an online workshop and EU Horizon 2020 * The authors acknowledge the valuable contribution of all project partners within CIRCUSOL (call: H2020-EU.3.5.4). This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement 776680. |
| Keywords: | circular supply chain,the solar industry,circular economy,product circular technological design |
| Date: | 2021–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03583961&r= |
| By: | Bakker, Gerben |
| Abstract: | When prices are adjusted for quality, electric vehicles stood their ground to petrol cars in the early twentieth century United States. If the electricity grid had developed twenty years earlier, they might have reached a 68–79% market share and CO2 emissions per car could have declined by 60%, a new study finds. |
| JEL: | N71 N72 |
| Date: | 2021–10–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:112691&r= |
| By: | Alejandro del Valle; Tess C. Scharlemann; Stephen H. Shore |
| Abstract: | Hurricane Harvey brought more than four feet of rainfall to the Houston area in August 2017, leading to substantial flooding in many areas. Using regulatory data with detailed information on borrowing terms, we compare the borrowing response to Hurricane Harvey in parts of Houston that were more and less affected by flooding. We find that hurricane-affected households borrowed in a price-sensitive and time-limited manner, relying almost exclusively on promotional-rate credit cards and mortgage forbearance for new credit and repaying balances quickly. We find that conditional on flooding, households in FEMA-designated floodplains borrowed less. Within the floodplain, building code changes that required homes to be elevated above the floodplain dramatically reduced households’ storm-related liquidity use. Flooded borrowers in homes subject to this type of physical hardening used forbearance at the same rate as borrowers who did not experience flooding, suggesting that for natural disasters, ex ante physical hardening is a substitute for ex post credit. |
| Keywords: | Forbearance; Household behavior; Mortgages and credit; Natural disaster |
| JEL: | Q54 D14 G22 H84 |
| Date: | 2022–03–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedgfe:2022-15&r= |
| By: | Zafra, Maria Angela G. (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | Ocean tourism contributes significantly to the economy of the Philippines, an archipelagic nation with one of the longest coastlines in the world and one of the best marine environments in terms of biodiversity. We explore how ocean tourism and economic development intertwine in archipelagic nations, examining national statistical data on tourism and economic development in the Philippines over the last several years. Furthermore, we discuss the policy landscape and identify the enabling and disabling factors for the development of ocean tourism in the Philippines. We show how inclusive models can be a catalyst for sustainable tourism through a case analysis of El Nido Resorts, a tourism enterprise operating luxury resorts within the protected area of El Nido, Palawan. We also discuss recommendations of practical policy relevance based on the opportunities and challenges of sustainable ocean tourism in the Philippines. |
| Keywords: | ocean; tourism; blue economy; development |
| JEL: | L80 M20 O10 Q50 Z30 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:1291&r= |
| By: | Jeoffrey Dehez (UR ETBX - Environnement, territoires et infrastructures - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Involving recreational users in the management of environmental issues implies imagining new modes of cooperative actions, which have been built for professional managers. In this article, we propose to reflect on this question from the case of invasive aquatic plants on the shore lakes of Aquitaine in South Western France. We analyze these collective actions as territorial coproduction processes, relying on service economics analytical tools. We show that the collective actions that have succeeded in involving outdoor recreationists value first their operational and relational skills and rather little (if any) expertise. These actions are strongly conditioned by the type of support where the plants develop, at least as much as by the plants on which they are supposed to intervene. The involvement of recreational users will largely contribute to shaping the nature of the collective action and, as a result, add a territorial dimension. However, such a process favours the micro-localization of operations and responsibilities specialization. The latter is not adapted to the spatial dynamics of the plants. Technicians and traditional managers currently seem to be the only ones to overcome such difficulties. Neverthelss, these first initiatives are pioneering in character and a trustworthy source of inspiration for future experiments in participatory management. |
| Abstract: | Engager les pratiquants de loisirs dans la gestion du milieu naturel suppose d'être en capacité d'imaginer des modes de coordination adéquats, jusqu'à présent plutôt conçus par et pour les experts de la profession. Dans cet article, nous proposons de réfléchir à cette question à partir du cas des plantes aquatiques invasives, en étudiant les dispositifs mis en place sur les lacs Aquitains, dans le Sud Ouest de la France. Nous abordons ces dispositifs comme des processus de co-production territoriale, grâce à des outils d'analyse empruntés à l'économie des services. Nous montrons que les expérimentations ayant réussi à impliquer des pratiquants valorisent tout d'abord leurs compétences opérationnelles et relationnelles, et assez peu (voire pas) expertes. Ces formes d'actions collectives sont autant conditionnées par les plantes que par les supports sur lesquels celles-ci se développent. Dans ce contexte, l'implication des pratiquants de loisirs va largement contribuer à façonner la nature des actions mises en place et, par ce fait, conférer une dimension territoriale à la gestion. Ce processus s'accompagne néanmoins d'une tendance à la micro-localisation des tâches, ainsi que d'une certaine spécialisation des responsabilités, finalement assez peu compatibles avec les dynamiques spatiales des plantes, et que seuls les techniciens et les gestionnaires traditionnels de l'espace semblent en mesure de dépasser. Ces premières initiatives n'en conservent pas moins un caractère pionnier, véritable source d'inspiration pour de futures expériences de gestion participative. |
| Keywords: | stakeholder coordination,lake,outdoor recreation,biological invasion,invasions biologiques,loisirs de nature,lacs,coordination d’acteurs |
| Date: | 2021–10–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03595034&r= |
| By: | Narantungalag, Odmaa |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the economic impacts of the mining sector on household expenditures. Employing the difference-in-differences model and the Mongolia Household Socio-Economic Survey data from 2008 to 2016, I find that the mining activities benefited local residents. Specifically, mining activities increase household expenditures on food, health, and electricity, respectively, while households reduce their expenditures on education and other non-food items. Interestingly, illness did not increase in the resource-producing region, while educational attainment improved. The findings highlight that the positive impacts of the mining sector are likely to be higher than what is determined by traditional welfare measurements of income and consumption. I provide some anecdotal evidence that the changes in household expenditure patterns can be due to increased availability of health care services and educational facilities in the mining region. |
| Keywords: | Mining,Natural Resources,Regional Economy,Economic Development |
| JEL: | L72 O12 O13 Q32 R11 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1077&r= |
| By: | Mohamed Boutabba (Université Paris-Saclay, EPEE - Centre d'Etudes des Politiques Economiques - UEVE - Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne - Université Paris-Saclay); Yves Rannou (Groupe ESC Clermont, CleRMa - Clermont Recherche Management - ESC Clermont-Ferrand - École Supérieure de Commerce (ESC) - Clermont-Ferrand - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne) |
| Abstract: | The green bond market has dramatically expanded especially in Europe but severe liquidity issues may undermine its rapid development. If few studies have assessed the implied liquidity risks for investors in terms of liquidity premium, none of them have specifically analysed its behavior across bond maturities. To fill this gap, this paper studies the term structure of the liquidity premium of the green bond market. We find that the sizes of short-term and long-term premia are close to those estimated on the German government bond market. We show that those premia are affected by economic factors and by spillover effects between them, which contribute to the U-Shape of the liquidity premium. Finally, we detect a liquidity clientele effect on the ask side impacting the liquidity premium, which implies a maturity segmentation i.e., high-risk (resp. low-risk) investors buy short-term (resp. long-term) green bonds and hold them until maturity. Taken together, our results deliver valuable insights on investors' strategies in the green bond market. Quite importantly, green bond investors prefer to opt for buy and hold strategies because they are compensated for higher liquidity risks along the entire maturity spectrum. |
| Keywords: | Clientele effect,Spillover effects,Term structure,Liquidity Premium,Green Bond |
| Date: | 2022–02–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03582603&r= |
| By: | Frédéric Reynès (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po, NEO - Netherlands Economic Observatory); Meriem Hamdi‑cherif (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Gissela Landa (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Paul Malliet (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Alexandre Tourbah (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po) |
| Abstract: | L'objectif de ce Policy brief est de faire le diagnostic des politiques de lutte contre le changement climatique en France et de mettre en avant les grands chantiers nécessaires. Nous revenons d'abord sur les performances de la France en matière de baisse des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Bien que des efforts soient engagés, les politiques mises en oeuvre sont en retard par rapport à l'objectif de la neutralité carbone à l'horizon 2050. Au rythme de baisse des émissions des 10 dernières années, cet objectif ne serait atteint qu'en 2130. Il est donc primordial dès le prochain quinquennat de relancer concrètement la politique environnementale de la France. Pour mettre la France sur une trajectoire de décarbonation ambitieuse et réaliste, deux stratégies sont souvent opposées. La première repose sur les évolutions technologiques tandis que la seconde s'appuie sur la sobriété énergétique. Nous montrons au contraire la complémentarité des deux approches qui ont chacune leurs incertitudes : pari technologique versus pari de la modification des comportements. Le point commun de toute stratégie compatible avec la neutralité carbone en 2050 est qu'un effort significatif à mettre en oeuvre sans délai est nécessaire. Un enjeu important de l'élection présidentielle est de trancher démocratiquement sur quoi doit porter cet effort et sur les instruments à privilégier : inciter à des modes de consommation plus sobres, investir massivement dans des modes de production d'énergie décarbonée, faire des choix technologiques, etc. Cela nous amène à discuter des avantages et des inconvénients des principaux instruments économiques (prix du carbone, subventions, investissements publics, normes, sensibilisations) dont disposent les décideurs politiques pour mettre en oeuvre la transition bas carbone. Nous en tirons plusieurs conclusions. Aucun instrument n'étant parfait, la politique environnementale nécessite de s'appuyer sur une combinaison d'instruments et donc d'être pensée dans sa globalité. Le manque de considération des questions d'acceptabilité et de justice sociale sont des éléments clé pour expliquer les blocages autour des politiques de lutte contre le changement climatique. Nous proposons deux pistes pour relancer les politiques environnementales : |
| Date: | 2022–02–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03573215&r= |
| By: | Catherine Locatelli (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | L'industrie gazière russe a joué un rôle central dans la transition économique russe. Mais les évolutions structurelles du marché mondial du gaz obligent ce secteur se réformer.Progressivement ce modèle tant à évoluer pour tenter de répondre à des marchés gaziers plus concurrentiels et plus volatils notamment en termes de prix ainsi qu'aux enjeux induits par la contrainte climatique. |
| Keywords: | Russie,Industrie du gaz naturel |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03586985&r= |
| By: | Ravi Prakash (MNNIT Allahabad - Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad) |
| Abstract: | The objective of this article is to highlight the significance of net energy consideration in economic policymaking, which has received less or no attention from the stakeholders particularly in the context of developing economies like India. With the rapid growth in the renewable energy sector, in this period of the low-carbon energy transition, there appears to be a growth in gross energy output. However, the net energy outputs reaching the demand sector of the economy may still be low due to the large feedback energy requirements for such rapid growth in energy supply. Such reduced energy availability may lead to reduced gross domestic product (GDP) growth unlike what is envisaged by policymakers. This is in contrast to the conventional standpoint, where assumed economic growth scenarios are used for energy planning. Since electricity use and economic development are found to be strongly correlated for developing economies like India, it is expected that a reduction in net energy available from the power sector will impose constraints on the GDP growth. Hence, a very ambitious electricity supply programme such as the one based on solar electricity may be counterproductive to GDP growth. |
| Keywords: | net energy,developing economy,feasible GDP,electricity,energy planning |
| Date: | 2021–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03583986&r= |
| By: | Naomi Delille (Bureau de la biodiversité et des ressources - CGDD - Commissariat Général au Développement durable); Raja Chakir (UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Biodiversity offsets (BO) aimed at reducing the impact of urban sprawling on natural areas, and manage zero net loss of biodiversity. It is the last step of the mitigation hierarchy consisting in avoiding, reducing and then compensating impacts on natural environment. While we currently face an urban sprawl, and an increasing pressure on agricultural lands, BO have been the subject of much debate as it is suspected to contribute to land price increase. The objective of this study is to answer the following question: What is the impact of BO policies on agricultural land price in France between 2010 and 2016 ? We propose an original quantitative analysis based on an econometric spatial panel model. We work at the PRA (Petite Région Agricole) scale and the 2010-2016 period. Our results show that biodiversity offsets policy doesn't have a significant impact on the price of agricultural land. This result is discussed in the light of the currently available data on BO, and of the difficulty pining down the complexity of BO policies. We advocate for the collection of a larger and more specific data on this topic. |
| Abstract: | La compensation écologique est une politique de réduction des externalités négatives de destruction de la biodiversité liées à l'artificialisation. Elle intervient en dernier dans la séquence ERC (éviter, réduire, compenser les impacts sur les milieux naturels). Dans un contexte de raréfaction des terres disponibles, et de pression de plus en plus forte sur le foncier agricole, cette politique fait débat car on la suspecte de contribuer à la hausse des prix fonciers. Nous nous penchons sur la question suivante : Quelle est l'influence de la compensation écologique sur le prix du foncier agricole en France, entre 2010 et 2016 ? Nous proposons un cadre d'analyse original estimant un modèle économétrique en panel spatial. Notre étude est menée sur une base de donnée à la résolution spatiale de la PRA (Petite Région Agricole) allant de 2010 à 2016. Nos résultats montrent que l'impact de la compensation écologique sur le prix des terres agricoles est statistiquement non significatif. Ce résultat est discuté au regard des données actuelles, et de la difficulté à cerner la complexité des différents systèmes de compensation. Nous plaidons finalement en faveur de la collecte de données de meilleure qualité concernant la compensation écologique pour profiter aux futures études relatives à cette question. |
| Keywords: | Foncier agricole,Compensation écologique |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03613463&r= |
| By: | Sunday Fakunle (Redeemer's University [Lagos, Nigeria]); Albert Ajani (OAU - Obafemi Awolowo University) |
| Abstract: | In recent times, with the main purpose of enhancing public health, proper management of household solid waste in low-income residential areas of urban centres has gained special attention among scholars in developing countries. From the sociological perspective, perception is one of the key determinants of the people's behaviour in their society. Therefore this study examined the perception of people about solid waste management and identified the key factors influencing this perception. The study was carried out in the first quarters of 2021 and covered Ife Central Local Government Area of Osun State, SouthWest Nigeria and adopted cross-sectional research design. Purposive sampling method was used to select 5 electoral wards in the Local Government Area where heaps of dirt was more common and 30 households nearer to the heap in each of the wards respectively. The total sample size of 150 used in the study mainly composed the eldest and active female of each the selected household. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the primary data gathered. This study found that the residents were aware of the health-related challenges resulted from improper management of solid waste and were interested in reducing household solid waste generated. However, methods, the cost, lack of cooperation and nonchalant attitude of people were among the major potential factors militating against achieving this. |
| Keywords: | belief,household solid waste management,recycling,public health,awareness |
| Date: | 2021–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03583990&r= |
| By: | Newton, David P.; Ongena, Steven; Xie, Ru; Zhao, Binru |
| Abstract: | Is bank- versus market-based financing different in its attitudes towards Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) risk? Using a novel sample covering 3,783 U.S. public firms from 2007 to 2020, we study how firm-level ESG risk affects its financing outcomes. We find that companies with higher ESG risk borrow less from banks than from markets, potentially to avoid bank monitoring and scrutiny. The Social and Governance components, in particular, matter. Furthermore, firms suffering higher numbers of negative ESG reputation shocks are less likely to continue to rely on bank credit in response to lenders' threats to end the lending arrangements. Finally, our results indicate that firms' ESG risk reduces after borrowing from banks but increases after bond issuance, suggesting that banks are more effective than public bond markets in shaping borrowers' ESG performance. |
| JEL: | G20 G21 G30 G32 |
| Date: | 2022–04–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bof:bofitp:2022_005&r= |
| By: | Ibirénoyé Honoré Romaric Sodjahin; Fabienne Femenia; Obafémi Philippe Koutchade; Alain Carpentier |
| Abstract: | Despite many benefits provided by diversified cropping systems, there is a dearth of empirical evidence on the economic relevance of their effects, mainly due to lack of information on the dynamics of farmers’ crop acreages. Our article contributes to fill this gap and, thereby, to shed light on a pair of apparently contradictory facts. European farmers tend to stick to specialized crop acreages despite agronomic experiments tending to show that crop diversification could reduce chemical input uses while maintaining or even enhancing arable crop yield levels. We provide estimates of the effects of previous crops and crop acreage diversity on yield and chemical input use levels based on a sample of 769 arable crop producers covering the Marne département in France from 2008 to 2014. Our farm level dataset combines cost accounting data, information on crop sequences as well as detailed soil and weather data. Our estimation approach relies on yield functions and input use models defined as systems of simultaneous equations. These models feature farm specific random parameters for accounting for unobserved heterogeneity across farms and farmers as well as for accommodating input use endogeneity in the considered empirical crop yield functions. We estimate pre crop and crop acreage diversity effects for four major crops in the area. Pre crops effects on yields are estimated relatively accurately and are generally consistent with the rankings provided by crop production experts. Estimated pre crop effects on input uses are small and insignificant from a statistical viewpoint despite our large sample, suggesting that pre crops don’t impact much chemical input requirements or/and that farmers tend to downplay these effects when deciding their chemical input use levels. Our results also show that crop acreage diversity positively impacts yield levels and tend to induce reductions in pesticide uses, herbicide uses in particular. Overall, our results demonstrate statistically significant though economically limited effects of pre crops and crop acreage diversity on crop gross margins. They also suggest that policy measures aimed to foster crop diversification are unlikely to significantly reduce chemical input uses on major crops if they are not supplemented by measures specifically aimed to reduce the uses of these inputs. |
| Keywords: | crop rotation effects, crop diversification, endogeneity, random parameter, SAEM algorithm |
| JEL: | Q12 C33 C63 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rae:wpaper:202202&r= |
| By: | Ionara Costa (UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain); Sibylle Bui (UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain, GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) - COMUE UCA - COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Olivier de Schutter (UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain); Tom Dedeurwaerdere (UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain) |
| Abstract: | This study proposes an analytical approach to niche-regime-interactive learning, taking an interorganisational-network-learning perspective. This approach is illustrated empirically with a network-learning episode in which several actors engage with each other for the marketing of local products in supermarkets. Its novelty is twofold: 1) it integrates the notion of learner levels into the MLP, differentiating between learning-in and-by regime; 2) it proposes a different understanding of learning loops than usually found in ST studies, by considering them as encompassing both processes and outcomes. The paper makes both theoretical and empirical contributions: 1) it helps to elaborate multi-stakeholder learning; 2) it enables capturing learning dynamics within and between subsystem and system levels; 3) it helps to elucidate knowledgepower issues learning is subjected to; 4) it elucidates the value of this network perspective empirically, illustrating its descriptive and explanatory power in helping to further the knowledge on learning at the regime level. |
| Keywords: | Multi-stakeholder learning,Niche-regime interactions,Regime Learning,Sustainability transition,Corporate Retailers,Local products |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03615417&r= |
| By: | Kristian S. Blickle; João A. C. Santos |
| Abstract: | We document that the quasi-mandatory U.S. flood insurance program reduces mortgage lending along both the extensive and intensive margins. We measure flood insurance mandates using FEMA flood maps, focusing on the discreet updates to these maps that can be made exogenous to true underlying flood risk. Reductions in lending are most pronounced for low-income and low-FICO borrowers, implying that the effects are at least partially driven by the added financial burden of insurance. Our results are also stronger among non-local or more-distant banks, who have a diminished ability to monitor local borrower adherence to complicated insurance mandates. Overall, our findings speak to the unintended consequences of (well-intentioned) regulation. They also speak to the importance of factoring in affordability and enforcement feasibility when introducing mandatory standards. |
| Keywords: | insurance; unintended consequences; regulation; FEMA maps; flooding; mortgage lending; access to credit |
| JEL: | G21 G28 Q5 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednsr:94007&r= |
| By: | Hardman, Scott PhD; Davis, Adam PhD; Tal, Gil PhD |
| Abstract: | California has set a goal of reaching 100% zero emission vehicle (ZEV) sales by 2035. Most ZEV sales to date have been battery electric vehicles (BEVs) or plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), while fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) make up only a small portion of ZEV sales. The market for FCEVs may be partially constrained because, unlike BEVs and PHEVs, they cannot use any existing infrastructure. This research investigates FCEV drivers use of hydrogen stations in California (of which there are 47 in operation) with the goal of informing the development of hydrogen infrastructure. Hydrogen station use was studied using results from a 2017 survey of 395 fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) owners and a 2018 survey of 328 FCEV owners. The results show FCEV drivers use on average 2.4 hydrogen stations. The average shortest distance FCEV owners would need to travel from home, work, or their commute to a hydrogen refueling station was 10 miles. Those whose most-used station was not the closest station available were more likely than those whose most-used station was the closest to use renewable hydrogen, suggesting that some drivers may prefer renewable hydrogen. Currently the percentage of California census block groups with one, two, and three hydrogen stations within 10 miles of households are 52.4%, 25.6%, and 22.5%; these census block groups are concentrated primarily in large metropolitan areas. Finally, 70% of FCEV owners said they would not have purchased the vehicle if their primary station had not been available, pointing the importance of station availability to FCEV adoption. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Zero emission vehicles, electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, hydrogen fuels, service stations, vehicle range, surveys, travel behavior |
| Date: | 2022–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt4qp5m2kr&r= |
| By: | Tirumala, Raghu Dharmapuri (Asian Development Bank Institute); Tiwari, Piyush (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | Using marine resources in a healthy and sustainable manner is at the center of building a blue economy that will make “Sustainable Development Goal 14: Life Below Water” achievable. Fisheries and aquaculture sectors alone provide employment for and support the livelihoods of more than 200 million people worldwide, besides providing food and nutrition for billions. Despite this importance, continued human activities that pollute water bodies are negatively affecting their health at an alarming pace. A change from the prevalent practices, particularly relating to fishing, to more sustainable approaches would entail substantial costs across the fisheries value chain. A key challenge is to mobilize the required financial resources to enable this transition. In the recent past, many countries have announced different institutional and financing mechanisms to promote private capital and commit public resources through budgetary allocations. We conduct a comparative analysis to identify the similarities, differences, and emerging financing frameworks across three countries, Cambodia, India, and Indonesia. The results from the analysis indicated that an institutional design that has a specific focus on the fisheries sector, promoting constructive collaborations with diverse financing institutions and community organizations, is an enabler in this particular sector of the blue economy. |
| Keywords: | blue economy; blue finance; Cambodia; fisheries; India; Indonesia; oceans |
| JEL: | D02 G23 Q22 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:1289&r= |
| By: | Jason Soria; Shelly Etzioni; Yoram Shiftan; Amanda Stathopoulos; Eran Ben-Elia |
| Abstract: | On-demand mobility platforms play an increasingly important role in urban mobility systems. Impacts are still debated, as these platforms supply personalized and optimized services, while also contributing to existing sustainability challenges. Recently, microtransit services have emerged, promising to combine advantages of pooled on-demand rides with more sustainable fixed-route public transit services. Understanding traveler behavior becomes a primary focus to analyze adoption likelihood and perceptions of different microtransit attributes. The COVID-19 pandemic context adds an additional layer of complexity to analyzing mobility innovation acceptance. This study investigates the potential demand for microtransit options against the background of the pandemic. We use a stated choice experiment to study the decision-making of Israeli public transit and car commuters when offered to use novel microtransit options (sedan vs. passenger van). We investigate the tradeoffs related to traditional fare and travel time attributes, along with microtransit features; namely walking time to pickup location, vehicle sharing, waiting time, minimum advanced reservation time, and shelter at designated boarding locations. Additionally, we analyze two latent constructs: attitudes towards sharing, as well as experiences and risk-perceptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We develop Integrated Choice and Latent Variable models to compare the two commuter groups in terms of the likelihood to switch to microtransit, attribute trade-offs, sharing preferences and pandemic impacts. The results reveal high elasticities of several time and COVID effects for car commuters compared to relative insensitivity of transit commuters to the risk of COVID contraction. Moreover, for car commuters, those with strong sharing identities were more likely to be comfortable in COVID risk situations, and to accept microtransit. |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2204.01974&r= |
| By: | Florent Allais (CEBB - Centre Européen de Biotechnologies et Bioéconomie, ABI - Agro-Biotechnologies Industrielles - AgroParisTech); Honorine Lescieux-Katir (CEBB - Centre Européen de Biotechnologies et Bioéconomie); Jean-Marie Chauvet (BRI) |
| Abstract: | Agriculture in Champagne owes its development to the determination of people and their ability to implement technical progress, work together to adapt to changes. The strong dynamic of the agricultural cooperative has been crucial in this exceptional development, in terms of agriculture, industrial processing and innovation. The Bazancourt-Pomacle biorefinery is both the result and the symbol of the determination of local farmers to develop new regional outlets by using cutting-edge technologies. The success of the site, considered as "the archetype of a territorial biorefinery, " is a perfect illustration of how, through innovation, weaknesses can become strengths. For this constantly evolving model, 2021 is, with the growing importance of bioeconomy, a new tipping point for the Bazancourt-Pomacle biorefinery. |
| Keywords: | Bioeconomy,Biorefinery,Agricultural cooperation,Industrial biotechnologies,Green chemistry,Industrial symbiosis |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03589976&r= |
| By: | Herrera-Araujo, Daniel; Rheinberger, Christoph; Hammitt, James K. |
| Abstract: | Many stated-preference studies that seek to estimate the marginal willingness-to-pay (WTP) for reductions in mortality or morbidity risk su˙er from inadequate scope sensitivity. One possible reason is that the risk reductions presented to respondents are too small to be meaningful. Survey responses may thus not accurately reflect respondents’ preferences for health and safety. In this paper we propose a novel approach to estimating the value per statistical life (VSL) or the value per statistical case (VSC) based on larger risk reductions measurable as percentages. While such non-marginal risk reductions are easier to understand, they introduce well known biases. We propose a methodology to de-bias VSL and VSC estimates derived from the evaluation of non-marginal risk reductions and present a proof of concept using simulated stated preference data. |
| Keywords: | Value per Statistical Life; Value per Statistical Case; non-marginal risks reductions; scope sensitivity |
| JEL: | D10 D81 I1 Q51 |
| Date: | 2022–04–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:126887&r= |
| By: | Xie, Zhihai (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | The blue economy or marine economy has become increasingly important for countries not only to generate a new source of growth but also to construct the coexistence between humans and the environment. The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has attached great importance to the blue economy since the beginning of the 21st century. During the past 2 decades, the PRC’s blue economy has undergone considerable development. Its share in the GDP has increased substantially and remains large. The blue economy has become a national strategy, though traditionally the PRC has not relied heavily on marine resources. The PRC’s approach to the blue economy has also experienced transformative change during the last decade. In the policy directive and at the practice level, ecological sustainability and marine environmental protection have already become an important part of the blue economy in the PRC. We argue that government policy and industrial clusters are the two most important factors that contribute to the development of the PRC’s blue economy, as the case study of the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone (SP-BEZ) demonstrates. First, government policy is the basis for the establishment and development of the SP-BEZ. The PRC’s government has provided policy guidance and assistance for the development of the blue economy. Both central and municipal governments have sponsored the SP-BEZ project, providing considerable financial and technological support. With the government’s encouragement, blue finance has developed due to the public–private partnerships in the blue economy. Second, industrial clusters are both the means and the end for the SP-BEZ. To promote the development of the blue economy in the SP-BEZ, the government has made full use of Shandong Peninsula’s industrial advantages to redistribute and restructure the industries in the region. The SP-BEZ has formed industrial clusters with the support of its advantageous scientific and technological research and development in the blue economy. These industrial clusters have not only integrated a wide range of different industries but also helped to promote the domestic regional economic integration in the Shandong Peninsula. |
| Keywords: | blue economy; marine economy; blue economic zone; government policy; industrial cluster; People’s Republic of China |
| JEL: | G38 O11 O13 O47 Q28 Q57 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:1296&r= |
| By: | Burke, Andrew |
| Abstract: | California’s Advanced Clean Trucks regulation requires sales of zero-emission tractor-trailer trucks starting in 2024, increasing to 30% by 2030. Since most of these trucks will travel predominantly on the state’s major highways, a robust network of battery charging infrastructure will be needed along these routes. The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) maintains an extensive series of roadside rest areas throughout the state that are widely used by long-haul trucks. Providing charging at roadside rest areas, especially those along interstate highways, could help meet the needs of battery-electric tractortrailer trucks making multi-day trips. Thus, Caltrans should consider becoming involved with the establishment of battery charging facilities at its rest areas. Researchers at the University of California, Davis assessed the possibilities for and barriers to providing charging infrastructure for heavy-duty, long-haul trucks at rest areas in California. This policy brief summarizes the findings from that research and provides policy implications. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Benefit cost analysis, Electric trucks, Electric vehicle charging, Roadside rest areas |
| Date: | 2022–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt9tr1w4dx&r= |
| By: | Azhgaliyeva, Dina (Asian Development Bank Institute); Mishra, Ranjeeta (Asian Development Bank Institute); Karymshakov, Kamalbek (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | We examine the impact of COVID-19 on households in Mongolia, particularly the choice of fuel for heating and cooking and awareness about harmful effects of indoor pollution due to the combustion of solid fuels for heating and cooking. We use publicly available MICS Plus survey data from UNICEF. MICS Plus is a longitudinal household survey with a sample of 2,000 representative households that collects information through telephone interviews. We compare data from a pre-COVID period (2018) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (December 2020). Our results show that households where the decision maker is female are more likely to have a clean source of heating—a district heating system. The results also show that a larger proportion of households switched to cleaner heating in the COVID-19 period. First, the share of households using central heating increased in 2020 to 26% from 19% in 2018. Second, the share of households using improved fuel for their heating requirements increased in 2020 as compared to 2018. Third, in December 2020, after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, households were more likely to use district heating and manufactured space heaters than cooking stoves for heating compared with 2018. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19; Mongolia; household survey; district heating; fuel choice; space heater |
| JEL: | D14 G51 H12 H84 I10 I24 J60 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:1292&r= |
| By: | Gilles Maréchal (ESO - Espaces et Sociétés - UM - Le Mans Université - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UA - Université d'Angers - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - UR2 - Université de Rennes 2 - UNIV-RENNES - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IGARUN - Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes - UN - Université de Nantes); Frédéric Wallet (INRAE, UMR AGIR) |
| Abstract: | Formalisés à partir de 2014, après leur inscription dans une « loi d'avenir pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et la forêt », les Projets Alimentaires Territoriaux et leur acronyme PAT sont de plus en plus présents dans le débat public. Leur définition ouverte permet à de nombreux acteurs de se référer au terme, devenu à la mode, pour y associer d'autres mots porteurs : transition, alimentation durable, résilience depuis la pandémie COVID. Pendant cette crise, ils ont pu être présentés comme le remède miracle qui a facilité les bonnes réactions, parfois de façon déclamatoire. Pourtant, ils représentent plus qu'un simple slogan, et nous voulons ici les resituer dans leur contexte socio-historique pour examiner où ils en sont et quelles sont leurs perspectives d'avenir. Les PAT : d'où viennent-ils ? Que visent-ils ? |
| Date: | 2022–03–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03598486&r= |
| By: | Ginés de Rus; M. Pilar Socorro; Jorge Valido; Javier Campos |
| Abstract: | This paper describes this method for the assessment of the economic effects of any project and then addresses an alternative approach based on the aggregation of changes in surpluses. |
| Date: | 2022–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fda:fdaddt:2022-05&r= |
| By: | Shilling, Fraser; Waetjen, David; Vickers, Winston; McDowell, Sean; Oke, Adetayo; Bass, Aaron; Longcore, Travis; Stevens, Clark |
| Abstract: | Transportation and other agencies and organizations are increasingly planning and building under- and over-crossing structures to allow wildlife to traverse busy highways. Research has shown that traffic noise and light can impede wildlife species from using these structures. However, existing guidance in the field of wildlife crossing design inadequately addresses how structural and vegetation elements can be used to reduce such disturbance. If wildlife is hesitant to or refuses to approach structures due to noise, light, and other factors, then the structures may have a much lower benefit-to-cost ratio than expected. To help address this gap in guidance for design, a research team led by UC Davis used field measurements and modeling of light and noise from traffic to inform and test wildlife crossing designs. The researchers developed wildlife-responsive designs using berms, barriers, and new paths for two crossings being considered by the California Department of Transportation: 1) the proposed WallisAnnenberg wildlife over-crossing (WAOC) across US 101 in the city of Agoura Hills, and 2) a potential over-crossing across Interstate 15, south of the City of Temecula (TOC). The researchers identified key limitations and opportunities for each design approach and concluded that creating “dark and quiet paths” could increase the wildlife-responsiveness of the designs. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2022–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt9sx5s4x9&r= |
| By: | Aurelio Volpe (CSIL Centre for Industrial Studies); Sara Banfi (CSIL Centre for Industrial Studies) |
| Abstract: | The aim of the Report The world market for Horticultural Lighting is to better understand the GLOBAL MARKET FOR HORTICULTURAL LIGHTING, its competitive landscape, and the new opportunities arising from the growth of the agritech business. Horticulture lighting is a technology that stimulates photosynthesis in plants by emitting suitable wavelength. The scope of the analysis includes different types of horticulture lighting installations: Top lighting, Vertical farming, Interlighting (intracanopy lighting). These lighting systems playing several roles in plant growth: supplemental lighting, photoperiodic lighting, and sole-source lighting. The analysis has been based on a mixed METHODOLOGY, combining primary and secondary research: Desk research. The desk research will include available data from CSIL database; web surfing; balance-sheets and related international databases; collected statistics (Eurostat, IMF, World Bank, etc). Field analysis. Direct interviews with industry testimonials. The GEOGRAPHICAL CLASSIFICATION is as follows: North America: United States and Canada; Latin America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela; Europe: Austria, Belgium (including Luxembourg), Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and United Kingdom; CSI countries: Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine; Asia-Pacific: Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam; Middle East: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates; Rest of the world: remaining countries. The Report provides estimates 2018-2020 and FORECASTS 2021-2023 of Total and LED-based consumption of horticultural lighting fixtures at global level and broken down by geographical area. The horticultural lighting fixtures DEMAND is broken down by Light Source (Conventional and LED) and by Application (Greenhouses, Indoor and Vertical Farming, and Others, which include R&D, animal barns, and aquaculture). The Cannabis business encompasses both the Greenhouse segment and the Indoor and vertical farming segment, therefore is treated as a separate section. The Distribution Channels and Reference Prices are examined. The Technological Evolution of the horticultural lighting industry is provided by analysing Intellectual Property (IP) applications. The competitive system analyses the main companies active in the horticultural lighting fixtures market are reported with data on sales, market shares, and short company profiles. The main Market Drivers (food demand and population dynamics, climate change and weather uncertainty, and cannabis legislation evolution) together with the Other Players operating in the agritech industry complete the study. |
| JEL: | L11 L22 L68 |
| Date: | 2021–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mst:csilre:s85&r= |
| By: | Hardman, Scott; Davis, Adam; Tal, Gil |
| Abstract: | California has a goal of reaching 100% zero emission vehicle (ZEV) sales by 2035. Most ZEV sales to date have been plug-in electric vehicles, with fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) making up only around 1% of ZEV sales. The market for FCEVs may be constrained because, unlike plugin electric vehicles, FCEVs need an entirely new refueling infrastructure network. To date, only 48 hydrogen refueling stations are operational in California. This number will need to increase substantially for FCEVs to become a viable option for consumers. Researchers at the University of California, Davis surveyed more than 700 FCEV drivers about their use of hydrogen fueling stations in California to understand consumer preferences and inform the development of future hydrogen infrastructure. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2022–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt37n951ww&r= |
| By: | Louise Cavalcante (IPC-IG); Patrícia S. Mesquita (IPC-IG) |
| Keywords: | mudanças climáticas; modelos climáticos; manejo da água |
| Date: | 2021–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opport:482&r= |
| By: | Sergio A. Correia; Matthew P. Seay; Cindy M. Vojtech |
| Abstract: | A resilient banking system meets the demands of households and businesses for financial services during both benign and severe macroeconomic and financial conditions. Banks' ability to weather severe macroeconomic shocks, and their willingness to continue providing financial services, depends on their levels of capital, balance sheet exposures, and ability to generate earnings. This note uses the Forward-Looking Analysis of Risk Events (FLARE) stress testing model to evaluate the resiliency of the banking system by consistently applying severe macroeconomic and financial shocks each quarter between 2014:Q1 and 2021:Q3. |
| Date: | 2022–03–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedgfn:2022-03-18&r= |
| By: | Elissaios Pappyrakis; Osiris Jorge Parcero |
| Abstract: | Despite rapidly-expanding academic and policy interest in the links between natural resource wealth and development failures (commonly referred to as the resource curse) little attention has been devoted to the psychology behind the phenomenon. Rent-seeking and excessive reliance on mineral revenues can be attributed largely to social psychology. Mineral booms (whether due to the discovery of mineral reserves or to the drastic rise in commodity prices) start as positive income shocks that can subsequently evolve into influential and expectation-changing public and media narratives; these lead consecutively to unrealistic demands that favor immediate consumption of accrued mineral revenues and to the postponement of productive investment. To our knowledge, this paper is the first empirical analysis that tests hypotheses regarding the psychological underpinnings of resource mismanagement in mineral-rich states. Our study relies on an extensive personal survey (of 1977 respondents) carried out in Almaty, Kazakhstan, between May and August 2018. We find empirical support for a positive link between exposure to news and inflated expectations regarding mineral availability, as well as evidence that the latter can generate preferences for excessive consumption, and hence, rent-seeking. |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2204.03948&r= |
| By: | Aurélie Hemonnet-Goujot (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon, AMU IAE - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises (IAE) - Aix-en-Provence - AMU - Aix Marseille Université); Aurélie Kessous (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon); Fanny Magnoni (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03511454&r= |
| By: | Nguyen, Ha Trong; Christian, Hayley; Le, Huong Thu; Connelly, Luke; Zubrick, Stephen R.; Mitrou, Francis |
| Abstract: | The relationship between physical activity and child health and development is well-documented, yet the extant literature provides limited causal insight into the amount of physical activity considered optimal for improving any given health or developmental outcome. This paper exploits exogenous variations in local weather conditions observed across random time use diary dates for the same individuals over time to investigate the causal impact of physical activity on a comprehensive set of health, non-cognitive development, and academic outcomes of children and adolescents. Applying an individual fixed-effects instrumental variables model to a nationally representative panel dataset from Australia, we find that physical activity leads to widespread benefits in child development. These include improved health, social and emotional development, and lower health expenditure. The results further indicate that physical activity offers greater developmental benefits for females. However, we find no evidence that physical activity improves academic performance. Our study highlights that the "optimal" amount of time that children and adolescents should spend physically active each day varies by the health or non-cognitive development outcome of interest. The results are robust to a series of specification and sensitivity tests, including an over-identification test and controlling for weather conditions recorded on the day when development outcomes were assessed. |
| Keywords: | Time Allocation,Physical Activity,Time Use Diary,Health,Child Development,Instrumental variable,Panel data |
| JEL: | C36 I10 I12 I14 J13 J22 J24 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1081&r= |
| By: | Abdelilah Abdouh (UCA - Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech]) |
| Abstract: | The construction of the new development model (NMD) of Morocco represents several similarities but also particularities compared to the theoretical constructions which are part of the strategies and development programs. The purpose of this paper is to offer a succinct reading or schematization of the construction of the NMD, without dwelling on the analysis of its content and its scope |
| Abstract: | Résumé : La construction du nouveau modèle de développement (NMD) du Maroc représente plusieurs similitudes mais aussi des particularités par rapport aux constructions théoriques qui s'inscrivent dans le cadre des stratégies et des programmes de développement. La finalité de ce papier est d'offrir une lecture ou schématisation succincte de la construction du NMD, sans s'attarder à l'analyse de son contenu et sa portée. |
| Keywords: | le nouveau model de développement,le nouveau modèle de développement au Maroc,le NMD,Le NMD au Maroc,le développement au Maroc,les politiques de développement au Maroc,les politiques publiques au Maroc,le référentiel du développement au Maroc,le développement local au Maroc,Le développement territorial au Maroc,Modélisation du développement au Maroc,les acteurs de développement au Maroc,Le diagnostic de développement au Maroc,le diagnostic territorial au Maroc,le changement au Maroc,les axes de transformations au Maroc,les choix stratégiques de développement au Maroc,la conduite du changement au Maroc,le pacte de développement au Maroc,les aspects de développement au Maroc,Les facteurs de développement au Maroc,diagnostic psychologique de développement,Diagnostic culturel de développement,diagnostic acteurs de développement,Fondements du NMD,les sources du nouveau model ede développement,analyse systémique du développement au Maroc,Analyse systémique du nouveau modelé de développement au Maroc,le développement du Maroc,le système d'action du NMD,le NMD et principes constitutionnels,la constitution marocaine et le nouveau modèle de développement,les instruments de changement au Maroc,le système stratégique de développement au Maroc,le système tactique de développement au Maroc |
| Date: | 2022–02–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03564341&r= |
| By: | Isabelle Piot-Lepetit (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Institut Convergences Agriculture Numérique #DigitAg - IRSTEA - Institut National de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture) |
| Keywords: | Processus d'Innovation,agriculture numérique,Innovation responsable |
| Date: | 2022–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03603742&r= |
| By: | Upasak Das; Gindo Tampubolon |
| Abstract: | Women agency defined as the ability to conceive of purposeful plan and to carry out action consistent with such a plan can play an important role in determining health status. Using data from female respondents conducted in a survey in the city of Dhaka in Bangladesh, this paper explores how women agency relates to their physical and mental health. The findings indicate women with high agency to experience significantly lesser mental distress on average. Counterintuitively, these women are more likely to report poor physical health. As an explanation, we propose purposeful action among women with high agency as a potential reason, wherein they conceive purpose in the future and formulate action that is feasible today. Hence, these women prefer to report illness and get the required treatment to ensure better future health. This illuminates our understanding of sustainable development and emphasises the critical role of women agency for sustainable human development. |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2204.00582&r= |
| By: | Anatoliy Kostruba (Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University) |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses the legal aspects of the activities of transnational corporations. The relevance of the subject matter is determined by the significant impact exerted by transnational corporations on the world economy in general and on the economic situation of the country in which such corporations are registered as a subject of legal form of ownership in particular. Quality functioning of transnational corporations is an effective factor for the formation of sustainable development. This study reveals and determines the relationship between the scale of activity of transnational corporations and their legal status within the framework of both single countries and entire economic communities, the individual subjects of law of which are transnational corporations. The practical significance of this study lies in the possibility of identifying and stating key aspects that play a significant role in assessing the practical activities of transnational corporations in the context of existing legal law with the ability to use the identified patterns in specific legal practice. The results of this study can be of significant practical importance for employees in the field of legal support for the activities of transnational-scale corporations, who are faced with the need to deeply analyse the legal aspects of the activities of these organisations and provide management of such structures with timely, highquality legal recommendations regarding the correction of the activities of these organisations in the context of the existing legal field. |
| Keywords: | International organisations,Legal field,Transnational activity,Transnational corporations,Kostruba,corporate covernance,Corporate responsibility,Corporate law and regulation |
| Date: | 2022–02–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03585155&r= |
| By: | Sandrine Benoist (VALLOREM - Val de Loire Recherche en Management - UO - Université d'Orléans - UT - Université de Tours) |
| Abstract: | The unprecedented health crisis we have been through has highlighted a unique category of women and men: essential workers (Lazar and al., 2020). Among these actors, farmers occupy a special place. Indeed, the tensions observed during the first lockdown highlighted the centrality of their work, between issues of productive sovereignty (Cohen, 2020; De Boissieu, 2020; Dumont, 2020; Gaillard, 2020), place of a local food offer, accessible and available (Neveu, 2020; Rastoin, 2020) and environmental challenges. Covid-19 has put our society in front of the limits of a productivist and intensive agricultural model that has become obsolete, and in this context, organic farmers are an interesting population for several reasons. While it enjoys a generally positive social perception and has benefited from renewed consumer interest (FranceAgriMer, 2020), it is not free from criticism, such as the supposed impossible access to all (scarcity) and for all (high cost) of its products (Kressman, 2021). The analysis of the discourse of these committed actors highlights many role strain (Katz and Kahn, 1966; Perrot, 2000; Djabi and Perrot, 2016; Arras-Djabi and al., 2021), inviting us to consider the agriculture we want at the dawn of a post-covid society. It also questions our expectations and paradoxes of organic farmers. |
| Abstract: | La crise sanitaire inédite que nous avons traversée a mis en lumière une catégorie singulière de femmes et d'hommes : les travailleuses et les travailleurs essentiels (Lazar et al., 2020). Parmi ces acteurs, les agricultrices et agriculteurs occupent une place à part. En effet, les tensions observées à l'occasion du premier confinement ont mis en lumière la centralité de leur travail, entre enjeux de souveraineté productive (Cohen, 2020 ; De Boissieu, 2020 ; Dumont, 2020 ; Gaillard, 2020), place d'une offre alimentaire de proximité, accessible et disponible (Neveu, 2020 ; Rastoin, 2020) et défis environnementaux. Le Covid-19 a mis notre société face aux limites d'un modèle agricole productiviste et intensif devenu obsolète, et dans ce contexte, les agricultrices et agriculteurs biologiques constituent une population intéressante à plusieurs titres. Si elle jouit d'une perception sociale globalement positive et a bénéficié du regain d'intérêt des consommateurs (FranceAgriMer, 2020), elle n'est pas exempte de critiques, telles le supposé impossible accès à tous (rareté) et pour tous (cherté) de ses produits (Kressman, 2021). L'analyse du discours de ces acteurs engagés met en lumière des tensions de rôle (Katz et Kahn, 1966 ; Perrot, 2000 ; Djabi et Perrot, 2016 ; Arras-Djabi et al., 2021) nombreuses, nous invitant à réfléchir à l'agriculture que nous voulons à l'aube d'une société post-covid. Elle interroge aussi nos attentes et nos paradoxes à l'égard des agricultrices et agriculteurs biologiques. |
| Keywords: | Covid-19,Role theory,Essential workers,Paradox,Role Strain,Job Strain,Stress professionnel,Organic Farmers,Farmers,Farmer group,Théorie des rôles,Agricultrices biologiques,Agriculteurs biologiques,Bio,HVE,Haute Valeur environnementale,Travailleuses essentielles,Travailleurs essentiels,Ressources adaptatives,Facteurs psychosociaux de risques,Risques psychosociaux,Paradoxe,Tensions de rôle,Modèle agricole,Agriculture biologique,Agriculture,Monde agricole,Exploitants agricoles,Agriculteurs,Agricultrices |
| Date: | 2022–03–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03583047&r= |
| By: | Patricia S. Mesquita (IPC-IG); Teophilo Folhes (IPC-IG); Luciana Vieira de Novais (IPC-IG); Louise Cavalcante (IPC-IG) |
| Keywords: | proteção social; seguridade alimentar e nutricional; criação de empregos; fomento |
| Date: | 2021–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:opport:474&r= |
| By: | Patrick Gianfaldoni (LBNC - Laboratoire Biens, Normes, Contrats - AU - Avignon Université); Lucile Manoury (LBNC - Laboratoire Biens, Normes, Contrats - AU - Avignon Université) |
| Abstract: | L'objet de notre contribution est centré sur le développement territorial durable, appréhendé comme un paradigme pour lequel et dans lequel l'économie sociale et solidaire est pleinement engagée. Après avoir livré les contours et contenus théoriques de ce paradigme puis énoncé les trajectoires tendant à se dessiner, nous voulons montrer que l'économie sociale et solidaire (ESS) impulse des dynamiques socio-économiques conduisant à l'édification de ce paradigme. Les organisations instituées (OESS), dans leur diversité, contribuent par leurs projets créatifs et leurs activités innovantes au développement territorial durable, mais dans une grande hétérogénéité fonctionnelle/opérationnelle. L'accréditation d'une telle hypothèse conduit à nous interroger sur la plausibilité d'un écosystème territorial durable qui maillerait pour l'essentiel des OESS. Cette problématique ne prend tout son sens qu'au travers d'un diagnostic territorial, qui prend appui sur une recherche conduite sur le Pays d'Arles |
| Date: | 2021–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03584213&r= |