|
on Environmental Economics |
|
Issue of 2022‒02‒07
fifty-two papers chosen by Francisco S. Ramos Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
| By: | Paschen, Marius; Meier, Felix; Rickels, Wilfried |
| Abstract: | Any integration of extra carbon dioxide removal (CDR) via terrestrial or marine sink enhancement into climate policies requires accounting for their effectiveness in reducing atmospheric carbon concentration and translating this information into the amount of carbon credits (to be used in official and voluntary emission trading schemes). Here, we assess accounting schemes in their appropriateness of assigning carbon credits. We discuss the role of temporary carbon storage and present the various accounting methods for carbon credit assignment. We explain how we have implemented the methods numerically and analyse carbon assignments across the different accounting schemes, using stylized, model-based ocean sink enhancement experiments. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Dioxide Removal,Temporary Carbon Storage,Carbon Sinks,Carbon Accounting |
| JEL: | Q54 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:2204&r= |
| By: | Julia M. Puaschunder (The New School, Department of Economics, Eugene Lang College, New York, NY 10003, USA) |
| Abstract: | The climate change crisis has gained unprecedented urgency in the most recent decade. Overall, climate change has already led to and will continuously lead to environmental tipping points and irreversible lock-ins that will decrease the overall productivity and common welfare. When taking a closer look at the macroeconomic growth prospects as measured in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per country, a changing climate will affect countries differently, when considering different mean temperatures but also differences in the GDP sector composition per country and a differing peak temperature at which a GDP sector can be most productive. In the first economic ‘classic’ theories of Adam Smith, Thomas Robert Malthus, David Ricardo, Karl Marx and Joseph Schumpeter land productivity was considered as an underlying growth driver. In the evolution of Modern Growth Theory (MGT), these theories and insights got abandoned. With climate change pressuring economic productivity and the rising impact of global warming expected to determine economic output more and more so in the future, this paper calls for a reintegration of climate and temperature into standard growth theory. In light of the enormous effect of temperature and climate on economic productivity that is likely to rise in the years to come but also with reference to the highly unequally distributed economic winning and losing prospects in-between countries and over time, this article argues for an integration of temperature and climate in contemporary Growth Theory, called Climate Growth Theory. Micro- and macroeconomic attempts to integrate productivity differences between countries based on energy supply, climate and overall favorable working conditions will be presented alongside most recent models to integrate temperature and climate into macroeconomic growth models and sustainable consumption patterns. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Economics of the Environment, Endogenous Growth Theory, Energy, Environmental Governance, Environmental Justice, Exogenous Growth Theory, Green New Deal, Intergenerational Equity, Monetary Policy, Multiplier, Non-renewable energy, Renewable energy, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:lpaper:0084&r= |
| By: | Rickels, Wilfried; Schwinger, Jörg |
| Abstract: | Assessing climate policies that involve temporary overshoot of temperature targets requires an accurate representation of carbon cycle and climate dynamics. Here, we compare temperature overshoot climate policies obtained with the dynamic integrated climate–economy (DICE) integrated assessment model using two different climate-carbon cycle sub-models: first, the original DICE implementation, and second an implementation of the finite amplitude impulse response (FaIR) simple climate model. We analyze in a cost-effectiveness framework the minimum abatement and carbon dioxide removal costs for compliance against a (future) ceiling on temperatures. In our setup, the magnitude of the overshoot is not limited by temperature impacts, but simply by the temperature dynamics such that from a certain compliance date onwards a temperature ceiling cannot be exceeded anymore. We show that the rather sluggish temperature response and underestimation of carbon sinks in the most recent version of DICE implies that the additional future temperature change after a cessation of a given CO2 emission scenario is significantly overestimated compared to the zero emission commitments obtained with FaIR and complex earth system models. However, investigating climate policies which allow for a temporary temperature overshoot, this inertia translates into more than twice as high optimal carbon prices compared to FaIR and consequently in rather strict climate policies. For compliance with the 1.5 °C target from 2100 onward and non-CO2-warming of 0.2 °C, the mean optimal carbon prices in the year 2030 are 173USD/tCO2 and 56USD/tCO2 for DICE and FaIR, respectively. Still, the dynamics towards the target suggest that improved understanding of and accounting for (limited) reversibility of vulnerable Earth system components is required to derive appropriate overshoot climate policies. |
| Keywords: | temperature overshoot,integrated assessment modelling,DICE,FaIR |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:248716&r= |
| By: | Thube, Sneha; Peterson, Sonja; Nachtigall, Daniel; Ellis, Jane |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews quantitative estimates of the economic and environmental benefits from different forms of international co-ordination on carbon pricing based on economic modelling studies. Forms of international co-ordination include: harmonising carbon prices (e.g. through linking carbon markets), extending the coverage of pricing schemes, phasing out fossil fuel subsidies, developing international sectoral agreements, and establishing co-ordination mechanisms to mitigate carbon leakage. All forms of international co-operation on carbon pricing could deliver benefits, both economic (e.g. lower mitigation costs) and environmental (e.g. reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and carbon leakage). There is scope to considerably increase the coverage of carbon pricing, since until 2021 only around 40% of energy-related CO2 emissions in 44 OECD and G20 countries face a carbon price. There is also significant scope to improve international co-ordination on carbon pricing: moving from unilateral carbon prices to a globally harmonized carbon price to reach the 1st round of NDC targets for 2030 can reduce global mitigation cost on average by two thirds or $229 billion. Benefits tend to be higher with broader participation of countries, broader coverage of emissions and sectors and, more ambitious policy goals. Extending carbon pricing to non-CO2 GHG could reduce global mitigation costs by up to 48%. Absolute cost savings from harmonized carbon prices increase by almost 70% in 2030 for reductions in line with the 2 °C target. Most, but not all, countries gain economic benefits from international co-operation, and these benefits vary significantly across countries and regions. Complementary measures outside co-operation on carbon pricing (e.g. technology transfers) could potentially ensure that co-operation provides economic benefits for all countries. |
| Keywords: | climate change mitigation,harmonizing carbon pricing,fossil fuel subsidy reforms,border carbon adjustment,greenhouse gas mitigation,sectoral agreements,climate-economy-modelling |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:248648&r= |
| By: | Tian Xiong (Europäisches Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen (EIIW)); Kaan Celebi (Europäisches Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen (EIIW)); Paul J.J. Welfens (Europäisches Institut für Internationale Wirtschaftsbeziehungen (EIIW)) |
| Abstract: | There has been a long-standing debate over the development of savings rates in developed economies, and an emphasis has been placed on ageing societies and a global savings glut. Meanwhile, with rising global temperatures and more frequent extreme weather events becoming an increasingly visible economic and ecological global challenge, the concern of climate-related risks could indeed be an important issue in monetary and real economic analysis. This study aims to investigate the dual long-term challenge of sustainable economic development. By constructing an enhanced growth model and investigating empirically, using a panel approach which employs data from OECD countries between 1980 to 2020, the question as to the extent to which the savings rate is affected by ageing populations and environmental degradation will be addressed in a broad macro perspective. This study explores for the first time the impact of natural disasters on OECD countries and the main findings indicate that ageing populations and natural disasters have significant negative impacts on savings rates. Moreover, the analyses using sub-samples suggest a diminishing role of the real long-term interest rate regarding savings behaviour. |
| Keywords: | savings rate, ageing, natural disaster, economic growth, panel analysis, OECD |
| JEL: | E21 E43 J11 O11 Q54 C33 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bwu:eiiwdp:disbei309&r= |
| By: | Shazmin Shareena A. Azis; Hishamuddin Mohd Ali; Nur Hannani Ab Rahman; Nur Amira Aina Zulkifli |
| Abstract: | Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly affected day to day life, business and disrupt the world trade and movements. Various industries and sectors are greatly affected by the cause of this disease. This virus creates significant knock-on effects on the daily life of citizens, as well as the global economy. The World Health Organization (WHO) acknowledge coronavirus airborne transmission could be potentially indoors with crowded and poorly ventilated space. Therefore, new Standard of Procedures (SOP) in workplace has been introduced to reduce the spread of COVID-19 including practicing physical distancing and avoiding physical meetings. Several researchers have suggested that green measurement such as Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) would ensure long-term social and environmental protection. Therefore, it is important to integrate the Indoor Air Quality attributes in the recent SOP in workplace. This study is conducted to comprehensively review the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) attributes for office building in Malaysia. This is one of the processes of developing a sustainable COVID-19 resilient framework for office building. There are three green rating tools for office building in Malaysia namely Green Building Index, GreenRE and PHJKR. Seven categories, 16 sub-criteria, and 42 attributes of IEQ for office building that should be consider for the framework development including space management air quality, thermal comfort, lighting comfort, visual comfort, acoustic comfort, and verification and space management. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19; Green Building; Indoor environmental quality (IEQ); Office; Resilient; Sustainable |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2021–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lre:wpaper:lares-2021-4dsa&r= |
| By: | Julia M. Puaschunder (The New School, Department of Economics, Eugene Lang College, New York, NY 10003, USA) |
| Abstract: | The external shock of the novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has profound impacts around the world for this generation and the following. Although accounting for the most drastic societal shift in modern history, the Coronavirus pandemic also holds the potential of a Great Reset. This paper addresses three trends that have become prevalent in the wake of the Coronavirus pandemic: (1) A rising inequality experienced has led to demands for Corporate Social Justice, namely the corporate engagement in social justice initiatives and action. (2) The finance world has had opportunities to diversify and exchange COVID-struck industries for COVID-profiting market segments and therefore a rising financial market performance versus real economy budget constraint gap has arisen. (3) Governments around the world are pegging economic COVID-19 rescue and recovery aid to pursue noble goals – such as climate change abatement and a transitioning to renewable energy in the United States Green New Deal and the European Green Deal and the European Sustainable Finance Taxonomy. These trends point at the integration of environmental, social and corporate governance in the corporate sector. The aftermath of the crisis is now a time for a great system reset to integrate environmental, social and corporate governance in the corporate and finance sectors. Future economic policy research may be inspired by legal expertise on disparate impact. With respect for current trends of citizen scientists and science diplomacy, public policy work may embrace environmental, social and corporate governance whole-roundedly. While natural behavioral laws were guiding anchors to address inequality during a turbulent time of the pandemic, more rational behavioral insights could nudge people into more equitable growth strategies in a recovering world. |
| Keywords: | Change management, Corporate Social Justice, Coronavirus, Corporate sector, COVID-19, Disparate impact, Environmental, European Green Deal, Social and Corporate Governance (ESG), Equitable Growth, Equality, Equity, Finance, Great reset, Green New Deal, Law and economics, Pandemic, Public policy, Recovery |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:lpaper:0099&r= |
| By: | Mario Holzner (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Katharina Weber; Muhammad Usman Zahid; Maximilian Zangl |
| Abstract: | In a study published in 2018 the Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (wiiw) proposed the construction of a ‘European Silk Road’ encompassing a high-speed railway (HSR) network for Europe. To compliment the economic feasibility analysis by wiiw, this report aims to determine the environmental impact of the suggested northern core route – from Lyon to Moscow – by focussing on the net greenhouse-gas emissions, in CO2-eq.. The study uses a life cycle assessment (LCA) for the analysis of construction, maintenance, operation, and disposal of the HSR, to provide an estimate of how many tons of CO2-eq. can be saved over the span of 60 years. In generating a modal shift from road and air transport, the construction of an HSR line provides the potential for saving up to 10% of net CO2-eq. emissions in the EU27 for one year. Thus, the proposed high-speed line contributes to the current targets and goals of the European Union to reduce emissions and present smart, sustainable and inclusive economic solutions. |
| Keywords: | Infrastructure, Transport, High Speed Rail, Environmental Effects |
| JEL: | H54 R42 L92 Q51 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:rpaper:rr:459&r= |
| By: | Echeverría, Lucía; Gimenez-Nadal, J. Ignacio; Molina, José Alberto |
| Abstract: | Mobility gives individuals access to different daily activities, facilities, and places, but at the cost of imposing environmental burdens. The sustainable growth of society is linked to green mobility (e.g., public transport, walking, cycling) as a way to alleviate individual carbon footprints. This study explores the socio-demographic profile of individuals performing green travel (public and physical modes of transport) and identifies cross-country differences in green travelling behavior. We rely on information from the Multinational Time Use Study, MTUS. for Bulgaria, Canada, Spain, France, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States, from 2000 to 2019. We estimate Ordinary Least Squares regressions modelling individual decisions regarding green mobility. Our results indicate that the socio-demographic and family profile of travelers is not homogenous across green modes of transport, with physical travel exhibiting a much more consistent profile, across countries, in comparison to the use of public transport. Results indicate a positive relationship between living in urban areas and the time proportion of green travel, but estimates by country differ in magnitude and depend on the mode. We also find that some countries are more prone to green travel, and that transport infrastructure is more related to the proportion of time travelled by physical transport than by public transport. Our findings help in understanding who is committed to green mobility, while revealing systematic differences across countries that are worth analyzing. |
| Keywords: | Perfil del Viajero; Medios de Transporte; Transporte No Motorizado; Transporte Público; |
| Date: | 2021–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:3570&r= |
| By: | K. Sudhir (Cowles Foundation, Yale University; Cowles Foundation, Yale University); Ramesh Shankar (University of Connecticut); Yuan Jin (Texas Tech University) |
| Abstract: | The paper develops a modeling framework to study how sustainability interventions impact consumer adoption of durable goods innovation, firm profit and environmental outcomes in equilibrium. Our two period model with forward looking consumers and a monopoly firm introducing an innovation in the second period accommodates three key features: (1) it builds on the psychology literature linking reactive and anticipatory guilt to consumers’ environmental sensitivity on initial purchase and upgrade decisions; (2) it disentangles environmental harm over the product life into that arising from product use and dumping at replacement; and (3) it clarifies how a taxonomy of innovations (function, fashion and use-efficiency) differ in how they provide value and cause environmental harm during use and dumping. Given how guilt impacts environmental sensitivity, the model allows for owners upgrading a product to be more environmentally sensitive than first time buyers; this makes dumping harm and in-use harm from products not fungible. We find that with fashion and function innovations, increasing consumer sensitivity to environmental harm can surprisingly result in increased environmental harm. Further, when consumers are very sensitive to environmental harm, firms will not inform (pre-announce to) consumers about the impending arrival of use-efficiency innovation; to minimize environmental harm, a sustainability advocate needs to inform consumers. Thus, contrary to conventional wisdom, consumer environmental sensitivity does not always substitute for the role of sustainability advocates. Our results clarify how to design win-win policies for firms and the environment; and when advocates have complementary/ adversarial roles relative to firms to achieve sustainability goals. |
| Keywords: | Durable goods, Planned Obsolescence, Sustainability, Innovation, Environmental Costs |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cwl:cwldpp:2320&r= |
| By: | Mark Budolfson (Rutgers School of Public Health); Francis Dennig (Yale-NUS College); Frank Errickson (University of California [Berkeley] - University of California, Princeton University); Simon Feindt (MCC - Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change - PIK - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, TU - Technische Universität Berlin); Maddalena Ferranna (Harvard School of Public Health - Department of Global Health and Population [Boston, MA, USA] - Harvard University [Cambridge]); Marc Fleurbaey (PSE - Paris School of Economics - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); David Klenert (JRC - European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Seville]); Ulrike Kornek (MCC - Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change - PIK - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, PIK - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research); Kevin Kuruc (OU - University of Oklahoma); Aurélie Méjean (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Wei Peng (Penn State - Pennsylvania State University - Penn State System); Noah Scovronick (Emory University [Atlanta, GA]); Dean Spears (University of Texas at Austin [Austin]); Fabian Wagner (IIASA - International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg]); Stéphane Zuber (PSE - Paris School of Economics - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Existing estimates of optimal climate policy ignore the possibility that carbon tax revenues could be used in a progressive way; model results therefore typically imply that near-term climate action comes at some cost to the poor. Using the Nested Inequalities Climate Economy (NICE) model, we show that an equal per capita refund of carbon tax revenues implies that achieving a 2 °C target can pay large and immediate dividends for improving well-being, reducing inequality and alleviating poverty. In an optimal policy calculation that weighs the benefits against the costs of mitigation, the recommended policy is characterized by aggressive near-term climate action followed by a slower climb towards full decarbonization; this pattern—which is driven by a carbon revenue Laffer curve—prevents runaway warming while also preserving tax revenues for redistribution. Accounting for these dynamics corrects a long-standing bias against strong immediate climate action in the optimal policy literature |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:hal-03483584&r= |
| By: | Nur Amira Aina Zulkifli; Shazmin Shareena A. Azis |
| Abstract: | In 2020, the world’s 7.8 billion inhabitants grappled with the novel coronavirus and the disease it causes, COVID-19, and gained new insight into the contributions of population density in urban areas, household size, and population aging to our vulnerability to pandemics. The restriction movement and lockdown has cause less global economic activity thus resulting less demand for some energy sources. However, some of the studies found an increase in household energy consumption up to 95% and negatively impact the occupant’s expenditure since the restriction of COVID-19. Green building can be introduced as a response to this alarming situation. Green buildings have been proven to conveyed benefits in terms of energy and water saving and reduce negative impacts on the environment. Over decades, numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between green and property value. Past research has identified tangible elements of green building that is green envelope components that have effect on residential property value. However, to present, no research has been conducted to determine the effect of both tangible and intangible green elements on residential property value. Hence, this study aims to identify the effect of tangible and intangible green elements of green residential building on property value. 96 questionnaires were distributed among the professionals and were analyzed using frequency analysis. Tangible green envelope components including green roof, solar water heating, light pipe, solar photovoltaics, green wall, light shelf, and sustainable timber have positive effect on property value. Meanwhile, intangible green elements namely proximity of green residential building to basic amenities and public transportation which less than 500m and 750m are proven to increased property value. This research significantly explores the valuation field and contributes to new knowledge in valuing green properties. |
| Keywords: | Green Building; Green Building Index (GBI); Green Components; Intangible; Tangible |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2021–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lre:wpaper:lares-2021-4dqh&r= |
| By: | Bukhovets, Oksana; Schroers, Jan Ole |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2020–09–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi20:305624&r= |
| By: | Shu Guo (Tianjin University); ZhongXiang Zhang (China Academy of Energy) |
| Abstract: | With the appearance of “wellbeing stagnation”, the Chinese government has gradually realized the negative impact of increasingly severe environmental problem on people’s wellbeing, and has then has formulated a series of environmental policies. Based on the balanced panel data from2014 to 2018 from China Family Panel Studies (CFPS)and by means of the fixed effects model, we analyze the relationships between heterogeneous environmental regulations (ERs) and subjective wellbeing (SWB) from the perspective of diligent governance. Our results show that command-control environmental regulation (CER) and voluntary environmental regulation (VER)have positive effects on SWB, but there exist the heterogeneity effects in the links between ERs and SWB. Vulnerable populations, including those with rural hukou, less educated, have paidmore attention to VER, whereas the view of other groups is the opposite. Similarly, the people with low incomes or living in economically underdeveloped areas or western region, are sensitive to VER, while the others only pay attention to CER.The SWB of those with better health can be enhanced by CER, and the SWB of those with poor health are unaffected by CER and VER.Further channel analysis illustrates that CER can improve SWB by increasing people’s evaluation of the government, while VER cannot. Our results imply that the people would place more weight on environmental governance as their income rises, and can help the government institute more flexible environmental policies to improve people’s wellbeing. |
| Keywords: | Subjective wellbeing, environmental regulations, heterogeneity, balanced panel data, China |
| JEL: | Q53 Q56 O13 R11 P28 H11 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2021.31&r= |
| By: | Hinterlang, Natascha; Martin, Anika; Röhe, Oke; Stähler, Nikolai; Strobel, Johannes |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we introduce a closed-economy version of the dynamicenvironmental multi-sector general equilibrium modelEMuSeto analyze the effects of financing a labor tax reduction through higher consumption, energy or emissions taxation.We find that, for sufficiently high environmental damage, using energy and emission taxes as the financing instrument eventually outperforms the use of consumption taxes due to a positive productivity-like shock. However, it takes time for the positive effects to materialize. Manufacturing, transportation and energy production sectors tend to lose (or gain only a little) while administration, services and research sectors tend to benefit from the implementation of an environmental taxation as a financing instrument. As demand shifts towards sectors less affected by the tax shift, the aggregate economic effects are different in the multi-sector economy compared to a conventional one-sector-economy framework. |
| Keywords: | EMuSe,Dynamic General Equilibrium Model,Sectoral Heterogeneity,Environmental Tax Policy,Input-Output Matrix |
| JEL: | E32 E50 E62 H32 Q58 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bubdps:502021&r= |
| By: | Jaller, Miguel; Pahwa, Anmol |
| Abstract: | This research brief summarizes findings from the project and report titled, "Cargo Routing and Disadvantaged Communities." In the project, the authors assessed whether eco-routing of freight traffic can improve transportation sustainability, and studied the cost-benefit trade-off for a carrier accounting for emissions in its routing decisions. They also explored geofencing as a tool to protect disadvantaged communities from freight traffic impacts. The authors developed advanced routing tools to understand the effects of eco-routing in the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) region, and the implementation of geographically constrained management strategies. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Benefit cost analysis, Environmental impacts, Freight traffic, Pollutants, Routes and routing, Traffic assignment |
| Date: | 2021–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt9x64f6t7&r= |
| By: | Echeverría, Lucía; Gimenez-Nadal, J. Ignacio; Molina, José Alberto |
| Abstract: | Carpooling is a sustainable daily mobility mode, implying significant reductions in energy consumption and CO2 emissions, although it remains an uncommon practice. With the aim of stimulating this green transportation mode, this paper focus on understanding why certain individuals will agree to share a car to a common destination, apart from the obvious environmental benefit in emissions. It first describes the profile of users and then explores the relationship between this transportation mode and the participants' well- being. To that end, we have selected two countries, the UK and the US, where the use of cars represents a high proportion of daily commuting. We use the UK Time Use Survey (UKTUS) from 2014-2015 and the Well-Being Module of the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) from 2010-2012-2013 to identify which groups in the population are more likely to pool their cars, and with whom those individuals enjoy carpooling more. Results indicate that individuals with certain socio-demographic characteristics and occupations are more likely to commute by carpooling, but the profile seems to be country-specific. Furthermore, our evidence reveals a positive relationship between carpooling and well-being during commuting. |
| Keywords: | Carpooling; Perfil del Consumidor; Medios de Transporte; Bienestar; |
| Date: | 2021–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:3568&r= |
| By: | Catanzaro, Daniele (Université catholique de Louvain, LIDAM/CORE, Belgium); Pesenti, Raffaele; Ronco, Roberto |
| Abstract: | The combined increase of energy demand and environmental pollution at a global scale is forcing a rethinking of energy supply policies and production models in sustainable terms. In order to flatten demand peaks in power plants, energy suppliers adopted pricing policies that stimulate a change in the consumption practices of customers. One example of such policies is the Time-of-Use (TOU)-based tariffs, which encourage electricity usage at off-peak hours by means of low prices, while penalizing peak hours with higher prices. To avoid a sharp rise of the energy supply costs, manufacturing industry must carefully reschedule the production processes, by shifting them towards less expensive periods. TOU-based tariffs impose specific constraints on the completions of the jobs involved in the production processes as well as a partitioning of the time horizon of the production into a set of time slots, whose associated non-negative cost become part of the objective to be optimized. In this article, we review the flourishing literature on job scheduling in presence of TOU-based energy tariffs, with the view to provide researchers and practitioners with a framework that may guide them towards the most important theoretical results on the topic as well as the most prominent practical applications in sustainable manufacturing. |
| Keywords: | Combinatorial Optimization ; Energy Efficient Scheduling ; Time-of-Use Tariffs ; Sustainable Manufacturing |
| Date: | 2021–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cor:louvco:2021019&r= |
| By: | Müller, Berndt; Nuppenau, Ernst-August |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2020–09–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi20:305585&r= |
| By: | Andrea Bellucci (University of Insubria); Serena Fatica; Aliki Georgakaki; Gianluca Gucciardi (UniCredit Bank); Simon Letout; Francesco Pasimeni (IRENA – International Renewable Energy Agency) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the role of green innovation in attracting venture capital (VC) financing. We use a unique dataset that matches information on VC transactions, companies' balance sheet variables and data on patented innovation at the firm level over the period 2008-2017. Taking advance of a novel granular definition of green innovative activities that tracks patents at the firm level, we show that green innovators are more likely to receive VC funding than firms without green patents. Likewise, a larger share of green vs. non-green patents in a firm's portfolio increases the probability of receiving VC finance. Robustness checks and extensions tackling several dimensions of heterogeneity corroborate the view that green patenting is an important driver of VC funding. |
| Keywords: | Venture capital, Green ventures, Patents, Green technology |
| JEL: | G24 M13 M21 O35 Q55 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anc:wmofir:171&r= |
| By: | Tanya Suhoy (Bank of Israel); Maayan Tropper-Wachtel (Bank of Israel) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we attempt to quantify the impact of climate change on future electricity demand in Israel, based on CORDEX-AFRICA high-resolution climate simulations made under two Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (hereinafter: RCP 4.5 and 8.5), and further downscaled by the Israeli Meteorological Service (hereinafter: IMS) with regard to location of Israeli meteorological stations. We provide first estimates of this impact by comparing load forecasts based on RCP 4.5 and 8.5 with their counterparts based on historically observed temperatures, properly bootstrapped under an assumption of no warming trend. We employ two methodological approaches: the first is based on dose-response functions and allows us to estimate the relationship between daily peak loads and daily maximum temperatures in a form comparable across countries. This provides evidence of a higher sensitivity of Israeli peak loads to rising temperatures compared to hot areas in other developed countries, such as Texas or the Australian states. The second approach employs an hourly-load econometric model for Israel. With the present sensitivity level, we predict an increment of 2.5%/4.1% in Israeli summer daily peak loads toward 2050, and 5.3%/11.6% by the end of century under RCP 4.5/8.5 relative to the baseline scenario, which does not assume global warming. According to the hourly model, the expected effect on summer daily peak loads is more significant than on average daily loads. For winter months, we predict a negative effect on daily peak loads, gradually reaching 3.0%/5.0% by the end of century under RCP 4.5/8.5. We also show that future annual maximum loads are likely to come from the summer months. Using temperature simulations downscaled by different IMS stations, we evaluate regional patterns of climate change impact and map spacial effects relative to the country mean. |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boi:wpaper:2021.17&r= |
| By: | Joseph Molanga (UNIKIN - University of Kinshasa) |
| Abstract: | The relationship between wars and natural resources is at the origin of research addressing issues related to natural resources, environment, looting or their curse on developing countries. More recent research attempts to establish the link between natural resources and armed conflict. However, the ravages of war on human populations and the development of the countries that suffer from it are the subject of many publications today. But despite all these siren sounds, the anchoring of nature conservation in a war political economy remains poorly theorized. Yet there is clear evidence that direct and indirect impacts of armed conflict also manifest themselves on the physical environment and, by extension, on biological diversity. The objective of our contribution is to examine, on the one hand, the effects of the modus operandi of such a political economy of war in the DRC and, on the other hand, to propose strategies and actions to reduce the harmful impacts of this economy of terror on the natural environment. |
| Date: | 2020–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03453489&r= |
| By: | Victor Ajai (Energy Policy Research Group, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge); Karim Anaya (Energy Policy Research Group, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge); Geoffroy Dolphin (Energy Policy Research Group, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge); Michael Pollit (Energy Policy Research Group, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge) |
| Keywords: | Total factor productivity, growth accounting, regulation, energy networks, climate policy |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anj:wpaper:016&r= |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report assesses the potential of zero carbon supply chains via a case study of the freight transport chain linked to the port of Hamburg. It analyses the initiatives taken by selected main stakeholders to decarbonise freight transport. In addition, it offers recommendations on how the move towards zero carbon supply chains could be accelerated. |
| Date: | 2021–06–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaab:91-en&r= |
| By: | Douadia Bougherara (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - UMR 5211 - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Pierre Courtois (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - UMR 5211 - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Maia David (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AgroParisTech); Joakim Weill (UC Davis - University of California [Davis] - University of California) |
| Abstract: | If individuals have spatially dierentiated preferences for sites or areas im- 8 pacted by an invasive alien species, eective management must take this 9 heterogeneity into account and target sites or areas accordingly. In this 10 paper, we estimate spatially dierentiated preferences for the management 11 of primrose willow (Ludwigia grandiora), an invasive weed spreading in a 12 French regional park. We use an original spatially explicit discrete choice 13 experiment to evaluate individuals' willingness to pay (WTP) to control the 14 invasion in dierent areas of the regional park. Our results indicate that 15 WTP for management highly depends on the area considered, with areas 16 where it is three times higher than others. We analyze the main factors 17 explaining the heterogeneity of preferences and show that the closer respo n-18 dents live to the park, the more they visit and/or practice activities in it, the 19 higher their WTP and spatial preferences. Park residents and regular users 20 have highWTP and unambiguous preferences for targeting control to specic 21 areas. Non-residents and occasional users have much lower WTP and more 22 homogeneous spatial preferences. These results suggest that implementing 23 management strategies that spatially target invasion control according to 24 public preferences is likely to produce signicant utility gains. These gains 25 are all the more important as the preferences taken into account are those of the stakeholders directly concerned by the invasion, the residents and reg-27 ular park users. Ignoring these spatial preferences will lead to sub-optimal 28 invasion management. |
| Keywords: | Public preferences.,Discrete choice experiments,Spatial heterogeneity,Cost assess- 30 ment,Primrose willow,Invasive weed |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03476692&r= |
| By: | Echeverría, Lucía; Gimenez-Nadal, J. Ignacio; Molina, José Alberto |
| Abstract: | Recent years have witnessed efforts worldwide to promote green mobility, aimed at boosting sustainable economic growth. However, how green mobility relates to travelers' well-being remains an open question. We explore whether "green" modes of transportation (public transit and walking/cycling) are associated with higher levels of well-being in comparison to private driving, placing special focus on different types of travel (related to paid work, unpaid work, personal care, childcare, and leisure). We use the UK Time Use Survey (UKTUS) from 2014-2015, and exploit information on self-reported enjoyment during travel, as a measure of experienced well-being. We estimate Ordinary Least Squares and Random Effects regressions for each travel category, and find relative, positive effects of physical transport on enjoyment, in terms of personal care and leisure, while the relative negative effects of public transport are observed for childcare and work/paid travel, in relationship to traditional driving modes. Our evidence suggests a need to develop strategies to effectively promote mobility by physical modes, while improving the experience of public transit users. |
| Keywords: | Bienestar; Medios de Transporte; Transporte Público; |
| Date: | 2021–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:3569&r= |
| By: | Zohra Bouamra-Mechemache (TSE - Toulouse School of Economics - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Vincent Chatellier (SMART-LERECO - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Luc Delaby (PEGASE - Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Cécile Detang-Dessendre (CODIR - Collège de Direction - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Jean-Louis Peyraud (CODIR - Collège de Direction - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Vincent Requillart (TSE - Toulouse School of Economics - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Throughout the world, animal production faces huge sustainability challenges. The latter are exacerbated in the European Union (EU) by consumption issues linked, in particular, to the health and environmental impacts of meat consumption, and by the increasing societal concerns linked to animal welfare. Simultaneously, animal production may also provide benefits, notably from an economic and nutritional point of view. Some livestock systems, notably grass-based systems, may also offer positive climatic and environmental effects. Animal production is highly regulated in the EU, whereas the consumption of animal products is not (or very lightly) regulated. Many of the negative and positive effects are public goods that are not well taken into account by private actors and markets. Thus, there is legitimacy and scope for public policies aimed at reducing the damage and increasing the benefits of animal production and consumption. The last part of the paper explains how this could be achieved in the EU through a significantly revised and extended Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) that more closely follows the principles of public economics. Public regulation principles that are proposed have a more general scope and can be adapted to other livestock contexts. |
| Abstract: | Dans le monde entier, les productions animales sont confrontées à d'énormes défis en matière de durabilité. Ces derniers sont exacerbés dans l'Union européenne (UE) par les problèmes de consommation liés, notamment, aux impacts sanitaires et environnementaux de la consommation de viande, et par les préoccupations sociétales croissantes liées au bien-être animal. Simultanément, les productions animales peuvent également présenter des avantages, notamment d'un point de vue économique et nutritionnel. Certains systèmes d'élevage, notamment les systèmes basés sur l'herbe, peuvent également avoir des effets positifs sur le climat et l'environnement. Les productions animales sont fortement réglementées dans l'UE, alors que la consommation de produits animaux ne l'est pas (ou très peu). Bon nombre des effets négatifs et positifs sont des biens publics qui ne sont pas bien pris en compte par les acteurs privés et les marchés. Il existe donc une légitimité et une marge de manœuvre pour les politiques publiques visant à réduire les dommages et à augmenter les avantages de la production et de la consommation de produits animaux. La dernière partie de l'article explique comment cet objectif pourrait être atteint dans l'UE par le biais d'une politique agricole commune (PAC) considérablement révisée et étendue qui suit de plus près les principes de l'économie publique. Les principes de régulation publique qui sont proposés ont une portée plus générale et peuvent être adaptés à d'autres contextes d'élevage. |
| Keywords: | Animal production,Animal consumption,European Union,Public regulation,Public economics,Productions animales,Consommation de produits animaux,Union européenne,Réglementation publique,Economie publique |
| Date: | 2021–04–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03215198&r= |
| By: | Yegbemey, Rosaine Nérice; Bensch, Gunther; Vance, Colin |
| Abstract: | Weather conditions are an important determinant of agricultural factor input, particularly labor allocation. The availability of weather forecasts can therefore lead to efficiency gains in the form of cost decreases and productivity increases. We test the practical feasibility, the uptake, and the effect of providing basic weather forecasts in the rainy season on the labor productivity of smallholder farmers. For this purpose, we conducted a Randomized Controlled Trial as a pilot with monthly data collections involving 331 farmers across six villages in north Benin. We find that most farmers subscribe to the intervention and report satisfaction with the service. The impact estimates indicate positive and economically significant intention-to-treat and local average treatment effects on labor productivity for maize and cotton cultivation. These findings suggest that weather-related information and mobile phone outreach help smallholder farmers to better adapt to changing weather. |
| Keywords: | Pilot field experiment,climate and weather information,labor productivity,smallholder farming,information technology,impact evaluation |
| JEL: | D13 O12 Q12 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:930&r= |
| By: | Yuzuka Kashiwagi (Waseda University and National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience); Yasuyuki Todo (Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishiwaseda Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan.) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates whether and how natural disasters affect intergroup perceptions, particularly focusing on subjective expectations for dependability on other groups in emergencies. We conduct a household survey in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, which has experienced religious conflicts and was heavily hit by the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake. Our estimation results from the survey data indicate that individuals who suffered from the earthquake exhibit higher expectations for access to emergency support from other religious groups in the future. As a possible mechanism of this change, we show that the direct and indirect experience of actual cooperation between groups after the earthquake contribute to the higher expectations of sufferers. We also find heterogeneity in the effect of the earthquake on intergroup perception, depending on, for example, the types of damage and past experiences. |
| Keywords: | disasters, subjective expectations, helping networks, weak ties. |
| JEL: | D1 O12 D83 D91 H84 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wap:wpaper:2122&r= |
| By: | Martine Vrijheid (ISGlobal - Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] , UPF - Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]); Xavier Basagaña (ISGlobal - Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] , UPF - Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]); Juan Gonzalez (ISGlobal - Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] , UPF - Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]); Vincent Jaddoe (The Generation R Study Group - Erasmus MC - Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam], Erasmus MC - Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam]); Genon Jensen (Health & Environment Alliance); Hector Keun (Imperial College London); Rosemary Mceachan (Bradford Institute for Health Research Bradford); Joana Porcel (ISGlobal - Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] , UPF - Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]); Valerie Siroux (IAB - Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) - EFS - Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - CHU - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Morris Swertz (UMCG - University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen]); Cathrine Thomsen (NIPH - Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo]); Gunn Marit Aasvang (NIPH - Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo]); Sandra Andrušaitytė (VDU - Vytautas Magnus University - Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas); Karine Angeli (DER - Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques - ANSES - Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail); Demetris Avraam (Newcastle University [Newcastle]); Ferran Ballester (FISABIO - Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana [Espagne], Newcastle University [Newcastle], CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)); Paul Burton (Newcastle University [Newcastle]); Mariona Bustamante (ISGlobal - Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] , UPF - Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]); Maribel Casas (ISGlobal - Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] , UPF - Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]); Leda Chatzi (USC - University of Southern California); Cécile Chevrier (Irset - Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail - Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique - Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - EHESP - École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] - UR1 - Université de Rennes 1 - UNIV-RENNES - Université de Rennes - UA - Université d'Angers); Natacha Cingotti (Health & Environment Alliance); David Conti (USC - University of Southern California); Amélie Crépet (DER - Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques - ANSES - Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail); Payam Dadvand (ISGlobal - Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] , UPF - Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]); Liesbeth Duijts (Erasmus MC - Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam]); Esther van Enckevort (UMCG - University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen]); Ana Esplugues (FISABIO - Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana [Espagne], UV - Universitat de València, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)); Serena Fossati (ISGlobal - Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] , UPF - Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]); Ronan Garlantezec (EHESP - École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP], Irset - Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail - Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique - Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - EHESP - École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] - UR1 - Université de Rennes 1 - UNIV-RENNES - Université de Rennes - UA - Université d'Angers, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes]); María Dolores Gómez Roig (Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona, Spain]); Regina Grazuleviciene (VDU - Vytautas Magnus University - Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas); Kristine Gützkow (NIPH - Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo]); Mònica Guxens (ISGlobal - Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] , CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), UPF - Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona], Erasmus MC - Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam]); Sido Haakma (UMCG - University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen]); Ellen Hessel (RIVM - National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven]); Lesley Hoyles (Nottingham Trent University); Eleanor Hyde (UMCG - University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen]); Jana Klanova (RECETOX / MUNI - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment [Brno] - SCI / MUNI - Faculty of Science [Brno] - MUNI - Masaryk University [Brno]); Jacob van Klaveren (RIVM - National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven]); Andreas Kortenkamp (Brunel University London [Uxbridge]); Laurent Le Brusquet (NeuroPSI - Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Ivonne Leenen (Health & Environment Alliance); Aitana Lertxundi (UPV/EHU - University of the Basque Country [Bizkaia], IIS Biodonostia - Biodonostia Health Research Institute [Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain], CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)); Nerea Lertxundi (UPV/EHU - University of the Basque Country [Bizkaia], IIS Biodonostia - Biodonostia Health Research Institute [Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain]); Christos Lionis (UOC - University of Crete [Heraklion]); Sabrina Llop (CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Universitat Jaume I); Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa (CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Universitat Jaume I); Sarah Lyon-Caen (IAB - Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) - EFS - Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - CHU - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Lea Maitre (ISGlobal - Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] , UPF - Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]); Dan Mason (Bradford Institute for Health Research Bradford); Sandrine Mathy (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Edurne Mazarico (Bradford Institute for Health Research Bradford); Tim Nawrot (UHasselt - Hasselt University, KU Leuven - Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven); Mark Nieuwenhuijsen (ISGlobal - Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] , UPF - Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]); Rodney Ortiz (ISGlobal - Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] , UPF - Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]); Marie Pedersen (KU - University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet); Josep Perelló (Bettair Cities SL, Barcelona); Míriam Pérez-Cruz (Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona, Spain]); Claire Philippat (IAB - Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) - EFS - Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - CHU - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Pavel Piler (MUNI - Masaryk University [Brno]); Costanza Pizzi (Department of Oncology [University of Turin] - University of Turin); Joane Quentin (IAB - Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) - EFS - Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - CHU - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Lorenzo Richiardi (Department of Oncology [University of Turin] - University of Turin); Adrian Rodriguez (Bettair Cities SL, Barcelona); Theano Roumeliotaki (UOC - University of Crete [Heraklion]); José Manuel Sabin Capote (Bettair Cities SL, Barcelona); Leonardo Santiago (Bettair Cities SL, Barcelona); Susana Santos (Erasmus University Rotterdam); Alexandros Siskos (Imperial College London); Katrine Strandberg-Larsen (IT University of Copenhagen); Nikos Stratakis (ISGlobal - Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] , USC - University of Southern California); Jordi Sunyer (ISGlobal - Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] , UPF - Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]); Arthur Tenenhaus (L2S - Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes - CentraleSupélec - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Marina Vafeiadi (UOC - University of Crete [Heraklion]); Rebecca Wilson (University of Liverpool); John Wright (Bradford Institute for Health Research Bradford); Tiffany Yang (Bradford Institute for Health Research Bradford); Remy Slama (IAB - Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) - EFS - Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes - INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - CHU - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Early life stages are vulnerable to environmental hazards and present important windows of opportunity for lifelong disease prevention. This makes early life a relevant starting point for exposome studies. The Advancing Tools for Human Early Lifecourse Exposome Research and Translation (ATHLETE) project aims to develop a toolbox of exposome tools and a Europe-wide exposome cohort that will be used to systematically quantify the effects of a wide range of community- and individual-level environmental risk factors on mental, cardiometabolic, and respiratory health outcomes and associated biological pathways, longitudinally from early pregnancy through to adolescence. Exposome tool and data development include as follows: (1) a findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable (FAIR) data infrastructure for early life exposome cohort data, including 16 prospective birth cohorts in 11 European countries; (2) targeted and nontargeted approaches to measure a wide range of environmental exposures (urban, chemical, physical, behavioral, social); (3) advanced statistical and toxicological strategies to analyze complex multidimensional exposome data; (4) estimation of associations between the exposome and early organ development, health trajectories, and biological (metagenomic, metabolomic, epigenetic, aging, and stress) pathways; (5) intervention strategies to improve early life urban and chemical exposomes, co-produced with local communities; and (6) child health impacts and associated costs related to the exposome. Data, tools, and results will be assembled in an openly accessible toolbox, which will provide great opportunities for researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders, beyond the duration of the project. ATHLETE's results will help to better understand and prevent health damage from environmental exposures and their mixtures from the earliest parts of the life course onward. |
| Keywords: | Exposure assessment,Early life,Exposome,Child health,Adolescent health |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03419303&r= |
| By: | Olivier Chanel (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - AMU - Aix Marseille Université); Stéphane Luchini (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - AMU - Aix Marseille Université); Jason Shogren (UW - University of Wyoming) |
| Abstract: | We propose a structural econometric model that incorporates altruism towards other household members into the willingness to pay for a public good. The model distinguishes preferences for public good improvements for oneself from preferences for improvements for other household members. We test for three different types of altruism - ‘pure self-interest', ‘pure altruism' and ‘public-good-focused non-pure altruism'. Using French contingent valuation data regarding air quality improvements, we find positive and significant degrees of concern for children under the age of 18, which are explained by determinants related to health and subjective air quality assessment. All other forms of pure or air-quality-focused altruism within the family are insignificant, including for children over 18, siblings, spouses, and parents. This result suggests that benefit estimates that do not consider altruism could undervalue improvements in air quality in France. |
| Keywords: | air pollution,familial altruism,field experiment,contingent valuation,willingness to pay |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03180465&r= |
| By: | Orsatti, Gianluca; Quatraro,Francesco; Scandura, Alessandra (University of Turin) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the entry of regions in new green technological specializations, specifically investigating the role of local recombinant capabilities and the involvement of academic inventors in patenting activities, as well as the interplay between the two. We test our hypotheses on a dataset of Italian NUTS 3 regions over the period 1998-2009. The results show that both recombinant capabilities and the presence of academic inventors are positively associated to new entries in green technological specializations, and that their interaction provides a compensatory mechanism in regions lacking adequate novel combinatorial capabilities. The findings of this work are relevant for policy makers involved in the elaboration of successful regional specialization strategies in green technological domains. |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:dipeco:202119&r= |
| By: | Christopher F. Baum; Arash Kordestani; Dorothea Schäfer; Andreas Stephan |
| Abstract: | We examine whether the financial strength of companies, in particular, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is causally linked to the award of a public procurement contract (PP), especially in the environmentally friendly “green” area (GPP). For this purpose, we build a combined procurement company data set from the Tenders Electronic Daily (TED) and the SME database AMADEUS, which includes ten European countries. First, we apply probit models to investigate whether the probability of winning the public tender depends on the company's financial strength. We then use the Flexpanel DiD approach to investigate the question of whether the award has an impact on the future financial strength of the successful company. On the one hand, we find that a lower equity ratio and a higher short-term debt ratio increase the probability of being successful in a public tender. On the other hand, the success means that the companies can continue to work after the award with a lower equity ratio than comparable companies without an award, regardless of whether the company was successful in a traditional or a “green” public tender. We conclude from this that the success in a PP is a substitute for one's own financial strength and thus facilitates access to external financing. The estimation results differ depending on whether public procurement in general or the sub-group of “green” public procurement is examined. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Finance, Public Procurement, Green Public Procurement, Small and Medium-sized Companies, Innovation, Financial constraints |
| JEL: | G30 Q56 Q01 O16 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp1984&r= |
| By: | Herve Kaffo Fotio (University of Maroua, Cameroon); Tii N. Nchofoung (University of Dschang, Cameroon); Simplice A. Asongu (Yaoundé, Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | Despite growing attention on the role of renewable energy in promoting economic growth and environmental sustainability, its adoption rate remains uncomfortably low, especially in developing countries. This study attempts to explore the ways to extend the installed capacity of renewable energy in 16 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the period 1980-2017. The results from panel cointegration econometric techniques suggest that policies to enhance financial integration should increase the installed capacity of renewable energy in SSA, though the beneficial effect is only statistically significant in the long run. This effect holds, although disproportionately when the financial integration index is disaggregated into its de facto and de jure aspects. Moreover, the quantile regression analysis reveals that the effect of financial integration on renewable energy capacity is positive but heterogeneous across the conditional distribution of renewable energy capacity. However, the positive effect of financial integration is not enough to ensure the diversification of the energy mix, measured as the share of renewable installed capacity in the total installed capacity. The results show that economic growth is positively linked to renewable energy generation capacity while financial development is negatively associated with renewable energy production. Overall, these findings suggest that policies to increase the openness to foreign capitals are welcomed as far as renewable energy generation is concerned. |
| Keywords: | Financial integration, Renewable energy, Sub-Saharan Africa, Cointegration |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:22/016&r= |
| By: | Julia M. Puaschunder (The New School, Department of Economics, School of Public Engagement, USA) |
| Abstract: | The fields of law and economics are hallmarks of social sciences. Legal studies account for the oldest foundations of scholarly work and have ever since been part of academic institutions. Since the inception of the science of economics, this standardized way of measuring utility had rising popularity. Surprisingly, the interdisciplinary discourse of Law and Economics has just recently started in the previous decades. In today’s world, the time has come to acknowledge the power of integrating Law and Economics as a most important approach to solve the most pressing issues of our contemporary times. Climate change, inequality and the introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into our society will require the bundled strength of Law and Economics to successfully understand, harness the positive advancement but also curb harmful consequences of the opportunities and threats of our contemporary society. Law offers a humane-ethical clarity, governmental impetus and practical feasibility but also historical adaptability to implement societal changes including a legal birds-eye view of comparative approaches around the world, an exemplary sensitivity to disparate impacts of external influences on society but also clear guidelines how far the individual freedom can be granted in light of common security protection and societal welfare enhancement. Economics features the most advanced discounting of future value methods, an exemplary formalization of societal welfare maximization over time but also the most sophisticated ways to quantify societal losses over time and in often-overlooked or behaviorally-unforeseen externalities. Only in the harmonious combination of both disciplines will the most pressing contemporary predicaments of our time be solved and widespread inequalities be alleviated through fine-tuned redistribution mechanisms. Acknowledging the power of an interdisciplinary approach and cherishing a unique field of Law and Economics can help bridge the gap between societal entities. Adopting an interdisciplinary study approach with a commonly-understood language will promote a mutual understanding of multi-faceted insights in order to harvest the benefits of a fruitful Law and Economics Gestalt that is greater than its law and economics components. |
| Keywords: | AI, Artificial Intelligence, Climate Change, Coronavirus crisis, COVID-19, Disparate impact, Economics, Economics of the Environment, Environmental Justice, Environmental Governance, Equality, Family, Female Empowerment, Gender, Household, Law, Law and Economics, Mathematical formalization, Monetary policy, Multiplier, Nuclear family, Redistribution, Social Justice, Sustainability, Zero Waste movement |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:lpaper:0117&r= |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report evaluates policies for transitioning to clean vehicles and clean energy for road transport. The review includes measures that can help to scale up the transition quickly and instruments to manage it. It analyses technologies for clean passenger cars, light commercial vehicles, buses and trucks, and identifies solutions that deliver the greatest benefits. It reviews the policies for the promotion of clean vehicles currently in place and assesses the response of private sector stakeholders. The study specifically takes account of increasing digital connectivity and automation. |
| Date: | 2021–07–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaab:90-en&r= |
| By: | John M. Crespi (Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) at Iowa State University); Stéphan Marette |
| Abstract: | While there is much discussion about the need for viable carbon credit markets with well-defined credible certification, there is also a need to consider the impacts of the costs of certification on the structure of those markets. This policy brief provides background to the consideration of how certification costs might influence the industrial structure of the certification industry and how firms compete with each other. |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ias:cpaper:22-pb37&r= |
| By: | Castro Campos, Bente; Petrick, Martin |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2020–09–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi20:305583&r= |
| By: | Julia M. Puaschunder (The New School, Department of Economics, USA) |
| Abstract: | The currently ongoing COVID-19 crisis has challenged healthcare around the world. The call for global solutions in international healthcare pandemic outbreak monitoring and crisis risk management has reached unprecedented momentum. The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 imposes the most unexpected external economic shock to modern humankind, triggering abrupt consumption and behavior pattern shifts around the world with widespread socio-economic impacts. In order to alleviate unexpected negative fallouts from the crisis, governments around the world have incepted the largest ever amount of strategic economic bailout rescue and recovery packages that particularly focus on economic and social targets. The potential focus of bailouts and recovery ranges from urban-local and national to even global and future-oriented beneficiaries, as pursued in public investments on climate stabilization in the United States Green New Deal or the European Green Deal Sustainable Finance Taxonomy. Large-scale and future-oriented governmental investments are valuable macroeconomic multipliers that can benefit society as a whole in the short run and long term. Economic multipliers trickle down positively in society since governmental spending incepting projects leads to increased salaries, opportunities to support a family and employ other people in the consumption of goods and services, to name a few economic multiplying growth opportunities in the wake of governmental spending. This paper proposes the idea that multiplier effects may vary based on the causes that receive governmental funding. Evidence of country differences in multiplier effectiveness already exist. Multipliers also appear to trickle down in society with a certain time lag. Lastly, multiplier effects can also be negative if the government chooses to cut spending during austerity measures. The discussion proposes potential future hypothesis testing opportunities for investigating healthcare dependent multipliers. Given the enormous amount of governmental COVID rescue and recovery aid in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis and the blatant importance of health in the eye of the pandemic, the time has come to investigate if there is a certain effect of governmental spending on healthcare that influences the multiplier. In order to understand a potential multiplier effect of governmental spending on healthcare, a healthcare dependent multiplier effect could test if healthcare related governmental spending leads to a higher or lower than 1.6 multiplying factor. If a relation between multiplier effects and healthcare exists, a future step would be to investigate if it also holds or varies for particular governmental investment in prevention and preventive healthcare. If there are effects for governmental spending on healthcare, well-being and social welfare are potential moderators of the effect. In the 21st century, healthcare is directly related to digitalization and technological advancement, which could be other moderators to control for. Lastly, corruption has been found to be negatively related to quality healthcare and may also be accounted for in future healthcare related multiplier investigations. The paper ends with an outlook on policy implications of the prospective envisioned research. |
| Keywords: | Austerity, Coronavirus, Corruption, COVID-19, Digitalization, Economic contraction, Economic growth, European Green Deal, Finance, Green New Deal, Government spending, Health, Healthcare, Multiplier, Negative multiplier, Pandemic, Positive multiplier, Prevention, Preventive care, Public policy, Recovery, Rescue and recovery aid, Social welfare, Trickle down effect, Well-being |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:lpaper:0113&r= |
| By: | Michael L. Anderson; Minwoo Hyun; Jaecheol Lee |
| Abstract: | Though air-quality alert systems (AQAS) cover more than 1.7 billion people worldwide, there has been little welfare analysis of these systems. This paper presents a theoretical framework for deriving lower bounds on the net benefits of an AQAS and applies it to a South Korean system currently covering over 51 million people. Estimating a regression discontinuity design, we find that an alert issuance reduced youth respiratory expenditures by 30% and adult cardiovascular expenditures by 23%. The overall system reduced externalized health expenditures by 28.6 million dollars during 2016–2017, with a minimum benefit-cost ratio of 7.1:1. Including dynamic impacts of alerts increases the minimum benefits (benefit-cost ratio) to 36.7 million dollars (9.2:1). Our findings imply that the AQAS generates significant net benefits and suggests that manipulation of air quality data, which has been observed in other contexts, may negatively impact social welfare. |
| JEL: | I12 I18 Q53 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29637&r= |
| By: | Olivier Boissin (CREG - Centre de recherche en économie de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03459396&r= |
| By: | Olivier Boissin (CREG - Centre de recherche en économie de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03459388&r= |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses regulations that support non-motorised mobility in Bogotá and Mexico City. It reviews the promotion of bicycles as a sustainable alternative to cars and the rapid implementation of cycling lanes as a substitute for public transport under the Covid-19 crisis. It also discusses the renewed interest in support for dockless micromobility sharing systems. It focuses on subsidies and revision of regulations as avenues to ensure that micromobility will make a durable contribution to sustainable mobility in these cities. |
| Date: | 2021–03–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaab:2021/12-en&r= |
| By: | Akinwamide David Oluwatofumi; Jonas Hahn |
| Abstract: | Purpose: The introduction of various technologies in the real estate market has led to the disruption in the traditional practice of real estate globally. The adoption of innovative technologies such as blockchain, IoT, drone technology is limited in Nigeria to sustain the future of real estate practice. This study, therefore, appraises the adoption of innovative technologies for sustainable real estate practice in Edo State, Nigeria.Design/Methodology: Structured questionnaires were randomly administered to 43 selected registered Estate Surveying and Valuation firms in Benin Metropolis while all retrieved questionnaires were found suitable for analysis. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics.Findings: Findings revealed that online residential brokers, increasing space utilization, and smart city applications were the most aware innovations in real estate practice. However, websites and geospatial technologies were the most adopted technologies for sustainable real estate practice in the study area.Practical implications: Therefore, Nigerian Institutions of Estate Surveyors and Valuers should educate real estate professionals on the adoption of innovative technologies for sustainable real estate practice in Nigeria. |
| Keywords: | Innovation; Nigeria; proptech; Smart Real Estate; sustainability; Technology |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2021–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:afr:wpaper:2021-016&r= |
| By: | Manoel Altivo da Luz Neto |
| Abstract: | O Arquipélago de Tinharé é uma fração singular do Brasil. Unidade política e ambiental onde estão as famosas praias do Morro de São Paulo e Boipeba. Espaço geográfico que será modelo de cidade sustentável vocacionado a despertar interesse em escala planetária. Há para tanto o planejamento estratégico denominado “Plano Cairu 2030”, o inovador fundo de desenvolvimento com base imobiliária e uma sólida governança que integra universidades aliadas, os níveis de governo, organizações sociais e representações empresariais. Tal recorte do território nacional é formado por 36 (trinta e seis) ilhas e acumula preciosos diferenciais competitivos nas áreas de cultura, natureza e posicionamento mercadológico que podem estruturar o melhor destino de visitação de toda a Bahia e destacado polo atrativo do litoral brasileiro. Berço da Marinha do Brasil na Guerra da Independência e do Barroco Arquitetônico no Mundo Colonial Lusitano. Sua economia está ligada, cada vez mais, ao agroecoturismo de alto valor agregado, à náutica e ao real estate em todas as suas dimensões. Estão alinhados para tanto a Municipalidade, o BID (Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento), a CEF (Caixa Econômica Federal) entre outras organizações renomadas e agências de cooperação internacional. Surgem, nesse contexto, como emblemas, os investimentos estruturantes da “Fazenda Ponta dos Castelhanos” no extremo sul do conjunto de ilhas, da Gamboa ao norte e do entorno do povoado de Garapuá na região central costeira. Enorme potencial que necessita ser revelado mediante a promoção de segurança jurídica com a pacificação do domínio das terras insulares e, ainda mais, na iminência do inevitável esgotamento das reservas de gás e petróleo que alavancaram as receitas públicas na última década. Conjunção de fatores que configura, guardadas as devidas proporções, o mesmo “Dilema de Dubai” nos Emirados Árabes e, portanto, merece atenção especial diante das peculiaridades e das chances reais de erradicar a pobreza no conjunto de ilhas. |
| Keywords: | Agroecotourism; Agroecoturism; archipelago; Arquipélag; Legal Securityça Jurídica; Náutica; SeguranSustainability; Sustentabilidade; Water Front |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2021–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lre:wpaper:lares-2021-4drg&r= |
| By: | Lisa Cameron (Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research, the University of Melbourne); Claire Chase (World Bank Water Global Practice); Diana Contreras Suarez (Melbourne Institute: Applied Economic & Social Research, the University of Melbourne) |
| Abstract: | Poor household water supply and sanitation can affect maternal and newborn health outcomes through several pathways, including the quality of drinking water consumed by pregnant woman and exposure to harmful fecal pathogens in the environment due to poor quality sanitation. Using data on 14,098 pregnancies across four rounds of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), we investigate the relationship between water and sanitation and outcomes along the course of a pregnancy - health and complications during pregnancy, probability of a miscarriage, complications during child birth, probability of live birth, and neonatal outcomes including birth weight and newborn survival rates. After controlling for confounding factors, we find that access to at least basic household sanitation is strongly associated with substantially decreased overall risk during pregnancy and birth. Whether or not a household has access to at least basic sanitation is strongly significantly associated with a lower probability of miscarriage and is a strong predictor of high fever during labor (an indicator of infection). We find no systematic association between household access to basic water and maternal and newborn outcomes. We also find no evidence of herd protection resulting from high levels of sanitation within the community. |
| Keywords: | Sanitation, water, maternal health, neonatal health, Indonesia, developing countries |
| JEL: | I15 Q59 O15 |
| Date: | 2021–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iae:iaewps:wp2021n14&r= |
| By: | Kilani, M.; Diop, N.; De Wolf, Daniel (Université catholique de Louvain, LIDAM/CORE, Belgium) |
| Abstract: | We develop a passenger transport model for the North of France and use it to discuss the impacts of some policies focusing on the limitations of emissions and congestion. The model is calibrated for the North of France, and includes both urban and intercity trips. Four transport modes are considered: walking, biking, public transport and private cars. The model is calibrated to match the mode shares and the dynamic of congestion along a full day. The simulations are conducted within the MATSim framework. We evaluate the impacts, on traffic flows and emissions, of two pricing reforms: free public transport and road pricing in city center of Lille (the main metropolitan area in the study region). |
| Keywords: | Multimodal transport ; Emissions and congestion ; Transport simulation (MATSIM) |
| Date: | 2021–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cor:louvco:2021030&r= |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how 37 US cities regulate scooter parking. It analyses rates of improper scooter parking and discusses how cities can employ scooter regulations, in conjunction with other policies, to realise broader goals such as promoting sustainability and mobility. |
| Date: | 2021–03–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaab:2021/11-en&r= |
| By: | Calá, Carla Daniela |
| Abstract: | En este documento se describen un conjunto de actividades económicas vinculadas en forma directa con el sector pesquero primario e industrial, que permiten al mismo tiempo promover la sostenibilidad de los ambientes marinos, dinamizar economías regionales, mejorar la inserción de los productos argentinos en el exterior, ingresar a nichos de mercado de alto valor agregado, y promover el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación. Todas estas iniciativas se caracterizan por poseer un triple impacto: económico, social y ambiental, y se relacionan tanto con la bioeconomía azul como con la economía circular, dos áreas con una institucionalidad incipiente en Argentina. |
| Keywords: | Actividad Económica; Sector Pesquero; Industria Química; Sector Alimentario; Servicios Tecnológicos; Industria Naval; Impacto Económico; Impacto Social; Impacto Ambiental; |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:3609&r= |
| By: | Maxime Barkatz; Renata Latuf Sanchez |
| Abstract: | Muitas das áreas centrais de cidades brasileiras encontram-se degradadas, como resultado de um processo multifacetado e de longa duração. Esta obsolescência carrega uma contradição, entretanto: ao mesmo tempo em que se encontram desvalorizadas, as áreas centrais são dotadas de grande quantidade de infraestrutura, oportunidades e serviços, o que revela sua importância no tecido urbano e a necessidade de sua recuperação. A concretização de tal reforma urbana só será possível pela conjunção das práticas de inúmeros agentes, que precisam entrar em acordo a respeito da importância destas ações. Nesse contexto, há um papel que a iniciativa privada pode reivindicar, por meio da reabilitação de edifícios antigos (retrofit), tanto em seus aspectos físicos quanto urbanos, ampliando seu impacto no desenvolvimento urbano e na agenda socioambiental. Para ser efetiva, essa ação precisa apoiar-se nos princípios contemporâneos de sustentabilidade urbana e responsabilidade corporativa. É neste sentido que apresentamos neste artigo uma ferramenta para avaliação do impacto de empreendimentos imobiliários de retrofit. Esta ferramenta – composta por um conjunto de indicadores e critérios mensuráveis baseados na revisão de literatura sobre sustentabilidade urbana e nos principais sistemas de certificação de edificações mundiais - permite demonstrar e comunicar o impacto do edifício na cidade, avaliando sua sustentabilidade em termos de sua inserção urbana, qualidade da edificação, impacto social, ambiental e na saúde e bem estar de usuários. Utilizada de maneira independente a processos de certificação existentes, esta ferramenta simplificada poderá fornecer insumos para a definição de projetos de retrofit mais sustentáveis, em especial para empresas imobiliárias de pequeno e médio porte. A comunicação dos resultados permite maior transparência das empresas com os agentes envolvidos, tais como clientes, investidores, poder público, vizinhos, construtoras, projetistas, etc. sobre a importância do projeto e sobre os parâmetros mais relevantes para sua avaliação. |
| Keywords: | assessment tool; centro; city center; ferramenta de avaliação; Impact; impacto; retrofit |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2021–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lre:wpaper:lares-2021-4dqm&r= |
| By: | Cantero, Camila Aldana; Romano, Silvina Alejandra |
| Abstract: | La minería artesanal y de baja escala en la Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego está orientada a la extracción de dos recursos: áridos y turba. Los primeros, de origen pétreo o terroso, vinculados a la industria de la construcción local, y los segundos, constituidos por materia orgánica, son de gran utilidad para las industrias agraria y petrolera. Ambos se definen, según el Código de Minería, como no renovables, por lo que no se regeneran a escala humana. Este trabajo busca, a través de un análisis documental en el marco de una metodología preponderantemente cualitativa, caracterizar la actividad económica del sector minero, describir las actuales cadenas de valor, identificar los actores claves insertos en el sector y analizar el marco legal que acompaña a la explotación de ambos recursos, para poder dar respuesta a qué tipo de sostenibilidad responde el desenvolvimiento de la actividad en la isla. |
| Keywords: | Minería; Gobernanza; Sostenibilidad; |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:3567&r= |
| By: | Fischer, Andreas |
| Abstract: | Teil eines neuen Koalitionsvertrages werden neue Ausbauziele für die Erneuerbaren Energien sein müssen - vor allem aber auch wirksame Maßnahmen zu deren Umsetzung. Der bisherige Ausbaupfad reicht für die selbstgesteckten Klimaziele nicht aus und würde deutliche ökologische Mehrkosten für das Klima bedeuten. |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwkkur:782021&r= |