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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Jin, Shaoze; Zhang, Lijuan; Min, Shi |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:314949&r= |
| By: | Zeilinger, Julian; Niedermayr, Andreas; Quddoos, Abdul; Kantelhardt, Jochen |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315233&r= |
| By: | Herrera, Selene Ivette Ornelas; Kallas, Zein; Torres, Miguel Angel Orduño |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:314967&r= |
| By: | Moon, Jinyoung (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Oh, Soo Hyun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Park, Youngseok (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Lee, Sunghee (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kim, Eunmi (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement, wider and decisive actions to tackle climate change and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been called for in the international community. Many countries are seeking a sustainable economic recovery plan that reflects climate change and environmental considerations. The private sector has also been trying to expand environmentally sustainable investments and disclose relevant information on climate change. In particular, major GHG emitters such as China, the United States (U.S.), European Union (EU), Japan and Korea have pledged to move forward carbon neutrality. For this goal, the EU has established action plans for the European Green Deal, including a plan for introducing a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). In this context, this study aims to propose policy recommendations for Korea by analyzing measures to strengthen reduction targets and the economic impact of the EU's CBAM. The following implications can be derived. First, it is necessary to support low-carbon transition efforts in industries. Second, it is also important to support low-carbon technological innovation. Third, monitoring and response measures for the CBAM should also be prepared. Fourth, the private sector should expand voluntary efforts to reduce emissions and environmentally sustainable investment. Lastly, it is necessary to actively engage in international cooperation, not only in terms of reducing GHG emissions but also responding to climate change. |
| Keywords: | Climate Ambition; greenhouse gas; EU; CBAM |
| Date: | 2021–05–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:2021_028&r= |
| By: | Piedra-Bonilla, Elena; Cunha, Dênis Antônio da; Braga, Marcelo José |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315320&r= |
| By: | Ojo, Temitope; Ogundeji, Abiodun A.; Belle, Johannes A.; Demont, Matty |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315854&r= |
| By: | Islam, Monjurul; Kundu, Nanda Dulal; Alamgir, Shah; Mandal, Anup Kumar; Hog, Mohammad Shamsul; Khandoker, Sayla; Khatun, Morsalina |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315864&r= |
| By: | Ojo, Temitope; Adetoro, Adetoso A. Adetoro, Adetoso A.; Ogundeji, Abiodun A.; Belle, Johannes A. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315853&r= |
| By: | Ms. Aiko Mineshima; Ms. Ruo Chen; Victor Mylonas; Dinar Prihardini; Mr. Simon Black; Ian W.H. Parry |
| Abstract: | Germany has set national greenhouse emissions targets of a 65 percent reduction below 1990 levels by 2030 and net zero emissions by 2045, along with various sectoral emissions goals. To achieve these targets, the government has introduced multi-pronged policy measures, including a national emissions trading system (ETS), which complements the ETS at the EU level. This paper shows the substantial variation in the price responsiveness of emissions across sectors and thus prices implied by sectoral targets. It proposes the following measures to help Germany meet emissions targets with greater certainty and cost effectiveness: (i) further strengthening carbon pricing, for example through automatically rising price floors for the national ETS after 2026; (ii) harmonizing carbon pricing to reduce cross-sector differences in marginal abatement costs; and (iii) introducing feebates (revenue neutral taxsubsidy schemes) to reinforce incentives at the sectoral level. The paper also studies the distributional impact of higher carbon pricing and suggests that reducing social security contributions can mitigate the regressive direct impact of higher carbon pricing on lowerincome households. Concerns with carbon leakages and firms’ competitiveness are best addressed through agreeing on an international carbon price floor. |
| Keywords: | Climate mitigation, emissions trading system, emissions surcharge, price floor, feebate, renewables, electric vehicles, forest carbon storage. |
| Date: | 2021–09–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2021/241&r= |
| By: | Fabri, Charlotte; Moretti, Michele; Passel, Steven Van |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:314966&r= |
| By: | Nicoletta Batini; Ms. Oana Luca; Ian Parry; Mr. Simon Black |
| Abstract: | The Netherlands has ambitious greenhouse gas emission reduction targets for the future - to cut them by 49 percent below 1990 levels by 2030 and 95 percent by 2050. These targets and the likely new EU-wide targets under the recent EU Green Deal entail a rapid acceleration in decarbonization. This paper discusses the government’s mitigation strategy and advances several recommendations to complement and reinforce that strategy and to achieve better alignement of the effective carbon prices across sectors. The paper discusses alternatives to make the recently-introduced industry carbon levy more effcient and recomends the use of revenue-neutral feebate schemes in industry, transportation, buildings, and agriculture. For power generation, it recommends eliminating taxes on residential and industrial electricity, supplementing the coal phaseout plan with an increase in the CO2 emissions floor price. The impacts of these reforms on consumption would be low and relatively evenly split across the income distribution. |
| Keywords: | government's mitigation strategy; reduction target; climate mitigation; emission rate; natural gas; Greenhouse gas emissions; Carbon tax; Agricultural sector; Global |
| Date: | 2021–08–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2021/223&r= |
| By: | Ruymbeke, Kato Van; Mertens, Kewan; Vranken, Liesbet |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315242&r= |
| By: | Abu Toasin Oakil; Abdelrahman Muhsen (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Keywords: | Alternative fuels, Carbon market, Clean technology, Climate change |
| Date: | 2021–10–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:dpaper:ks--2021-dp17&r= |
| By: | Mr. Eugenio M Cerutti; Patrick Blagrave; Ruchir Agarwal; Vybhavi Balasundharam; Ragnar Gudmundsson; Racha Mousa |
| Abstract: | The South Asia region is both a large contributor to climate change and also one of the regions most vulnerable to climate change. This paper provides an overview of the region’s vulnerabilities, national committments to mitigate emissions, and national policies to adapt to a changing climate. The paper also discusses policy measures that may be needed to make further progress on both mitigation and adapatation. Our analysis suggests that while substantial progress is being made, there remains scope to adopt a more cohesive strategy to achieve the region’s goals—including by improving the monitoring and tracking of adaptation spending, and by laying the groundwork to equitably increase the effective price of carbon while protecting low-income and vulnerable households in the region. |
| Keywords: | South Asia region; mitigation policy; policy measure; climate change in South Asia; power generation; Climate change; Climate finance; Natural disasters; Greenhouse gas emissions; South Asia; Global; Asia and Pacific |
| Date: | 2021–08–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2021/217&r= |
| By: | Mark Agerton (Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California Davis and Non-Resident Fellow at Baker Institute for Public Policy, Rice University); Ben Gilbert (Department of Economics and Business, Colorado School of Mines); Gregory B. Upton Jr. (Center for Energy Studies, Louisiana State University) |
| Abstract: | Natural gas venting, flaring and leaking (VF&L) are closely intertwined environmental policy issues for U.S. shale oil and gas operations. In this paper, we lay out an agenda for researchers and policymakers. We describe why VF&L are closely related, both physically and in terms of policy. We perform an interdisciplinary literature review on measurement of VF&L. We marshal granular industry data to identify constraints in the natural gas system correlated with upstream VF&L. Motivated by this descriptive analysis, we discuss the economic reasons for VF&L and the market distortions that could exacerbate VF&L. We then discuss the external cost of VF&L. We calculate that reported 2015 and 2019 flaring and venting imposed climate damages of $0.9 to $1.8 billion and $1.7 to $3.4 billion. We calculate that climate damages of 2015 upstream U.S. methane emissions estimated by Alvarez et al. (2018) were $16.8 billion. Finally, we discuss both existing policy and economic insights relevant to future policy. |
| Keywords: | methane, venting, flaring, natural gas, shale, environmental policy |
| JEL: | Q35 Q48 Q53 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mns:wpaper:wp202102&r= |
| By: | Lorena D'Agostino (University of Milano-Bicocca) |
| Abstract: | Innovation is a crucial dimension for the transition to a greener Europe, a process that has accelerated notably in the latest years. An open mode has been applied to those innovation that mitigate the impact of economic activities on the natural environment, which is green open innovation (GOI). This is approach is mainly driven by the importance of stakeholders and the specificity of environmental fields, which call for a greater role of the external collaboration in green innovation. Although the interest of management scholars and practitioners in GOI has increased enormously, the empirical GOI literature has overlooked a project-level approach. Firms may have heterogenous openness across different projects depending on the characteristics of the projects or the strategic objective of the firm. This paper contributes to GOI literature by investigating whether green projects are more open than non-green projects in terms of breadth and depth of knowledge sources. Based on a dataset of projects funded by Seventh European research framework, the results confirm the greater openness of environmental-related research projects. These results corroborate the necessity for managers to apply an open mode to green innovation, especially in highly competitive calls such as the European Union framework program. |
| Keywords: | green open innovation; eco-innovation; sustainability; EU framework programs; FP7; projects; breadth; depth; openness. |
| JEL: | M20 O32 Q56 |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:ibmpro:12713393&r= |
| By: | Rubal Dua; Scott Hardman; Yagyavalk Bhatt; Dimpy Suneja (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Keywords: | Alternative fuels, Carbon market, Clean technology, Climate change |
| Date: | 2021–10–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:dpaper:ks--2021-dp14&r= |
| By: | Preusse, Verena; Wollni, Meike |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315159&r= |
| By: | Nate Vernon; Ian Parry; Mr. Simon Black |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a comprehensive global, regional, and country-level update of: (i) efficient fossil fuel prices to reflect their full private and social costs; and (ii) subsidies implied by mispricing fuels. The methodology improves over previous IMF analyses through more sophisticated estimation of costs and impacts of reform. Globally, fossil fuel subsidies were $5.9 trillion in 2020 or about 6.8 percent of GDP, and are expected to rise to 7.4 percent of GDP in 2025. Just 8 percent of the 2020 subsidy reflects undercharging for supply costs (explicit subsidies) and 92 percent for undercharging for environmental costs and foregone consumption taxes (implicit subsidies). Efficient fuel pricing in 2025 would reduce global carbon dioxide emissions 36 percent below baseline levels, which is in line with keeping global warming to 1.5 degrees, while raising revenues worth 3.8 percent of global GDP and preventing 0.9 million local air pollution deaths. Accompanying spreadsheets provide detailed results for 191 countries. |
| Keywords: | fossil fuel subsidies; efficient fuel prices; supply costs; climate change; local air pollution mortality; revenue gains; spreadsheet tools. |
| Date: | 2021–09–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2021/236&r= |
| By: | Luis Guillermo Becerra-Valbuena (PSE - Paris School of Economics - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | This article analyses the effects of droughts and climate variability on short-term and medium-term adaptation of Colombian rural households. I measure drought in a Differencesin-Differences (DID) framework, as an alternative to the standard approaches decomposing the effects from climate and yearly weather deviations on agricultural productivity and those using the growing degree days and harmful degree days. In the short-term and mediumterm, rural households adapt to the drought of 2010 by increasing the total area planted in crops and livestock, (increasing also the total gross agricultural productivity in value terms) and by working more on the farm. The droughts also increased the use of external sources of water in the farm and made rural households postpone non-housing investments in the farm. I find heterogeneous effects according to the long run mean of temperature in the municipality. Higher temperature affects positively gross agricultural productivity in low-temperature municipalities but negatively high-temperature municipalities. Cereals and coffee seem to benefit from higher temperatures, while vegetables and fruits are more affected. |
| Keywords: | Climate change,Weather,Agriculture,Gross productivity,Adaptation,Rural impacts |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:psewpa:halshs-03420657&r= |
| By: | Aparecida, Elizângela; Cunha, Dênis Antônio da; Travassos, Guilherme Fonseca |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:314989&r= |
| By: | Alves, Gabriel de Sampaio Morais; Fulginiti, Lilyan; Perrin, Richard; Braga, Marcelo José |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315861&r= |
| By: | Sun, Ran; Nolan, James; Kulshreshtha, Suren |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315340&r= |
| By: | Jevan Cherniwchan (Department of Economics, Carleton University); Nouri Najjar (Department of Economics,) |
| Abstract: | We examine NAFTA’s effect on roll call votes on environmental legislation in the US House of Representatives. Our results suggest that reductions in US tariffs caused representatives of affected districts to significantly reduce their support for environmental policy, but reductions in Mexican tariffs did little to affect legislator behavior. |
| Keywords: | NAFTA, trade liberalization, voting, environmental policy |
| JEL: | F18 F64 F68 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2021–09–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:car:carecp:21-11&r= |
| By: | Fockaert, Lysander; Mathijs, Erik; Vranken, Liesbet |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315153&r= |
| By: | Mr. James Roaf; Ian Parry; Mr. Michael Keen |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the rationale, design, and impacts of border carbon adjustments (BCAs). Large disparities in carbon pricing between countries raise concerns about competitiveness and emissions leakage. BCAs are potentially the most effective domestic instrument for addressing these challenges—but design details are critical. For example, limiting coverage of the BCA to energy-intensive, trade-exposed industries facilitates administration, and initially benchmarking BCAs on domestic emissions intensities would ease the transition for trading partners with emission-intensive production. It is also important to consider how to apply BCAs across countries with different approaches to emissions mitigation. BCAs alone do not solve the free-rider problem in carbon pricing, but might be a step to an effective international carbon price floor. |
| Keywords: | border carbon adjustment; climate mitigation; carbon pricing; competitiveness, emissions leakage; allowance allocation, design issues, World Trade Organization rules. |
| Date: | 2021–09–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2021/239&r= |
| By: | Mari Luomi; Fatih Yilmaz; Thamir Al Shehri (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Abstract: | The Circular Carbon Economy Index (CCE Index) aims to measure countries’ progress in and potential for achieving circular carbon economies (CCEs). The CCE Index is based on two sub-indices: one for measuring countries’ current performance in the various dimensions of the CCE and the other for gauging how countries are positioned to make progress toward the CCE, based on key enabling factors. The CCE Index also allows for additional comparisons among top oil-producing countries through a separate set of add-on indicators that estimate how these countries’ industrial performance and business environments are aligning with the CCE. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Capture and Storage, Circular Carbon Economy, Climate change, Climate mitigation |
| Date: | 2021–11–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:mpaper:ks--2021-mp02&r= |
| By: | Rick van der Ploeg; Armon Rezai; Miguel Tovar |
| Abstract: | Green tax reform is unpopular because, typically, the poor are hurt most by the higher prices of carbon-intensive commodities. If revenues from a carbon tax are recycled, it may be feasible to gain popular support for green tax reform. To investigate this, we estimate an EASI demand system from German household data and a labour supply schedule, using wage data, and the German income tax schedule and let emission intensities decline in the carbon tax. If the revenue from a carbon tax is recycled via a lump-sum transfer to all households, this gives more equitable albeit less efficient outcomes, yet 70% of households are worse off. If the revenue is recycled via lower income taxes, there is more efficiency at the expense of more inequality, and about half of households benefit. With a recycling mix of lump-sum transfers and lower income taxes, popular support can be mustered without hurting equity too much. We also investigate the effects of Germany meeting its legal target for curbing emissions by 55% in 2030 relative to 1990 levels. We find that most of emission reductions are due to producers responding by lowering emission intensities rather than by consumers to less carbon-intensive consumption categories. |
| Keywords: | popular support, carbon tax, revenue recycling, equity, EASI demand system, labour supply |
| JEL: | D12 D31 D62 D63 H23 J22 Q50 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9398&r= |
| By: | Hu, Yuan; Kuhn, Lena; Zheng, Wenxue |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315381&r= |
| By: | Asongu, Simplice; Nting, Rexon |
| Abstract: | In this study, we assess how the mobile phone can be leveraged upon to improve the role of governance in environmental sustainability in 44 Sub-Saharan African countries. The Generalised Method of Moments is used to establish policy thresholds. A threshold is a critical mass or level of mobile phone penetration at which the net effect of governance on Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions changes from positive to negative. Mobile phone penetration thresholds associated with negative conditional effects are: 36 (per 100 people) for political stability/no violence; 130 (per 100 people) for regulation quality; 146.66 (per 100 people) for government effectiveness; 65 (per 100 people) for corruption-control and 130 (per 100 people) for the rule of law. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed. The study provides thresholds of mobile phone penetration that are critical in complementing governance dynamics to reduce CO2 emissions. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions; ICT; Economic development; Africa |
| JEL: | C52 O38 O40 O55 P37 |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:110608&r= |
| By: | Baccianti, Claudio (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management) |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiutis:e5415454-40c2-4154-991e-6b89960f0d84&r= |
| By: | Rozenn Perrigot (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UR1 - Université de Rennes 1 - UNIV-RENNES - Université de Rennes - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université, IGR-IAE Rennes - Institut de Gestion de Rennes - Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - Rennes - UR1 - Université de Rennes 1 - UNIV-RENNES - Université de Rennes, ESC Rennes School of Business); Anna Watson (Edinburgh Napier University); Olufunmilola (lola) Dada (LUMS - Lancaster University Management School - Lancaster University) |
| Abstract: | Purpose This paper aims to explore how the power of salient stakeholders involved in the green waste management of franchise chains can impact the ability of the chains to change their green practices. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study is based on interview data from 19 franchisors and their head office staff operating in the fast-food sector in France where franchise chains have been 'named and shamed' as continuing to ignore waste management regulation. Findings The findings suggest that both the form and bases of power of different stakeholder groups have important implications for the implementation of green practices, even those required by law. The authors find that the franchisees' central network position alters the ability of franchisors to directly engage in dialog, consult with, and educate key stakeholders, creating additional challenges for franchisors in the implementation process. Research limitations/implications The qualitative nature of the study limits the extent to which the findings can be generalized. Future studies could develop an instrument to assess franchisor perceptions of stakeholder power. Practical implications The findings suggest that franchisors should consider carefully how they communicate changes to green practices to their franchisees to ensure not only their compliance but also their motivation to engage with those stakeholders with whom they have regular interactions. The findings can also help governments to better understand how to involve other stakeholders to ensure effective environmental legislation. Originality/value The study is the first, to the authors' knowledge, to consider the role of stakeholders in the implementation of green practices in franchise chains. By examining franchise chains, this paper provides new insights into the role of an additional stakeholder, the franchisee and enriches the literature on green practices in the hospitality sector. |
| Keywords: | Fast food,Franchising,Waste management,Green practices,Stakeholder power |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03331812&r= |
| By: | Akshay Jaitly (xKDR Forum); Ajay Shah (xKDR Forum) |
| Abstract: | The heavy lifting in the climate transition is done in the electricity sector. Decarbonisation of the economy requires a large-scale rearrangement of technology and business models, in supply and demand, in the electricity sector. The Indian electricity sector is ill-suited to perform this role and this constitutes the major roadblock for the climate transition in India. The solution lies in electricity reform, that addresses the long-standing fundamental problems of the electricity sector, that places this sector on the foundation of the price system. Once electricity works through the price system, an escalating schedule of a carbon tax will deliver the cost-minimising climate transition through myriad actions of self-interested actors spread all over the country, without requiring central planning. Many elements are coming together, through which this reform is feasible today while it was not in the past 30 years. |
| JEL: | H11 H23 H31 H32 H73 H77 H87 G31 P31 Q42 Q48 Q54 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anf:wpaper:9&r= |
| By: | Maria, Gracia; Ibañez, Marcela; Wollni, Meike; Vorlaufer, Miriam |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315925&r= |
| By: | Brenneis, Karina; Irawan, Bambang; Wollni, Meike |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315154&r= |
| By: | Jerome Dumortier; Amani Elobeid (Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) at Iowa State University) |
| Abstract: | The Energy Innovation and Carbon Dividend Act, which proposes a carbon tax of $15/ton of carbon dioxide equivalent, was introduced to the House of Representatives in 2019. Jerome Dumortier and Amani Elobeid use a CARD model to assess the impacts of the carbon tax on agricultural producers and find that while farmers could face higher productions costs, a projected increase in commodity prices and a projected decrease in crop area lessens the effects on profitability. Amani Elobeid is an international sugar and ethanol analyst at CARD. Her past APR articles have examined the impact of African swine fever on US and world commodity markets and the linkages between agriculture and energy in Iowa's biofuels industry . |
| Date: | 2020–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ias:cpaper:apr-winter-2020-4&r= |
| By: | Yannis Dafermos (Department of Economics, SOAS University of London) |
| Abstract: | It is now increasingly accepted that central banks and financial supervisors can no longer ignore climate change. However, there is no consensus on how they should address climate issues. On the one hand, there is a view that central banks and financial supervisors should mainly contribute to the assessment of the exposure of the financial system to climate-related financial risks, considering at the same time the possibility of incorporating climate risks into monetary policy and financial supervision and regulation. On the other hand, it is argued that central banks and financial supervisors need to take action such that they contribute directly to the decarbonisation of our economies and the prevention of climate systemic risks. In this paper, I analyse the main premises and implications of these two approaches and I explain why a systemic risk approach is necessary in the age of climate emergency. I also discuss the challenges involved in a policy agenda aiming at the reduction of climate systemic risks and I outline how these challenges can be tackled. |
| Keywords: | climate change, central banking, financial supervision, macroprudential regulation, systemic risk |
| JEL: | E5 E12 G18 Q54 Q57 |
| Date: | 2021–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:soa:wpaper:243&r= |
| By: | Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this study is to assess the nexus between governance and renewable energy consumption in sub-Saharan Africa. The focus is on 44 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa with data from 1996 to 2016. The empirical evidence is based on Tobit regressions. It is apparent from the findings that political and institutional governance are negatively related to the consumption of renewable energy in the sampled countries. The unexpected findings are clarified and policy implications are discussed in the light of sustainable development goals. This study extends the extant literature by assessing how political governance (consisting of political stability and “voice & accountability”) and institutional governance (entailing the rule of law and corruption-control) affect the consumption of renewable energy in sub-Saharan Africa. |
| Keywords: | Renewable energy; Governance; Sub-Saharan Africa; Sustainable development |
| JEL: | H10 O11 O55 Q20 Q30 |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:110600&r= |
| By: | Ojo, Marianne; Dierker, Theodore |
| Abstract: | The 2021 COP 26 Summit held in Glasgow, has resulted, not only in groundbreaking agreements, but also the involvement of private sector investment, the participation of formidable alliances such as the Global Energy Alliance – and for the first time, the engagement of indigenous communities. Whilst ongoing negotiations and outcomes from the Summit appear promising, there are still concerns in relation to the lack of enforceability of agreements. This paper, not only aims to highlight the rationales underlying such concerns, but also consider the merits and applicability of innovative techniques and technologies – as well as notable progress and developments made during the ongoing Summit. The engagement of several economies in the asset purchasing programs and uncertainty in decision making by some in respect of when, how or whether to commence winding up activities, also bears several monetary policy implications. This could in turn, impact outcomes – both intended and unintended, in relation to carbon, and more specifically, oil pricing strategies – which are ideally targeted at mitigating carbon emissions, whilst fostering climate goals and objectives. Given the demands and pressures of governments and economies in deploying funds to households, businesses; central bank engagements in deciding how and when to wind down asset purchase programs, and the need by governments to focus on more urgent and pressing matters such as those related to health, education, in the light of ongoing global developments, how ready and willing are governments able to commit to environmental issues? Herein lies a role for the private sector and private sector investment. |
| Keywords: | COP 26; double counting; fossil fuels; renewable energy; oil pricing; monetary policy; inflation; innovative techniques; Article 6 of the Paris Agreement; transparency; disclosure; emissions gap; NDCs |
| JEL: | D8 F6 F64 G3 K2 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:110586&r= |
| By: | Ogunniyi, Adebayo; Olagunju, Kehinde Oluseyi; Omotayo, Olusola; Awotide, Bola Amoke; Oyeyemi, Motunrayo; Mavrotas, George |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315908&r= |
| By: | Maria Teresa Punzi; Bihong Huang; Yu Wu |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the financial risks arising from transition toward a low-emission economy. The environmental DSGE model shows tightening environmental regulation impairs firms’ balance sheets, and consequently threatens financial stability in the short term. The empirical analysis indicates that following the implmentation of Clean Air Action Plan, the default rates of high-polluting firms in a Chinese province rose by around 80 percent. Joint equity commercial banks with higher level of independence were able to appropriately price in their exposure to transition risks, while the Big Five commercial banks failed to factor in such risks. |
| Keywords: | E-DSGE Model, Financial stability, Clean Air Action Plan |
| Date: | 2021–09–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2021/228&r= |
| By: | Marius Braun (Justus Liebig University Giessen) |
| Abstract: | The potential impact of climate change on international migration patterns has recently received considerable attention in both the public and academic debate. Yet, much of the empirical literature fails to find increases in international migration due to climate change. The current paper attempts to resolve this “immobility paradox†by applying a real-options framework to the relationship between climate change and international migration. This framework suggests that individuals may postpone their migration response to climate change in the face of uncertainty and only migrate once impacts of climate change have exceeded certain thresholds. I test this prediction using semiparametric regression methods which allow me to empirically identify the threshold effects implied by the real-options framework. However, the findings are generally inconsistent with such threshold effects. Rather, the results suggest that in low-income countries, individuals’ migration response is hampered by the existence of liquidity constraints. These are likely to become more binding due to climate change-induced decreases in agricultural productivity. |
| Keywords: | climate change, international migration, real-options, semiparametric methods |
| JEL: | C14 F22 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mar:magkse:202138&r= |
| By: | Okuyama, Akihiro; TSUGAWA, Shuichi; Matsunaga, Chiaki; Managi, Shunsuke |
| Abstract: | [Purpose] This study aims to investigate firms’ tax payment motivation from the point of corporate social responsibility by dissecting samples into firms with high, low, and no environmental, social, and governance (ESG)-related reputational risk. [Design/methodology/approach] This paper is an empirical study using 3,981 firm-year observations from 31 countries from OECD countries through 2017 to 2019. We construct panel data and use the fixed-effects model to control unobserved firm heterogeneity. To capture legal tax avoidance, we use two types of tax avoidance measurements. [Findings] We find that paying taxes can complement the high reputational risk of ESGs. However, if ESG-related reputational risk is not large, tax payments do not affect ESG risk. Our results indicate that tax payment is a matter of firms’ ESG-related reputational risk. This paper contributes to providing evidence to show that the relationship between ESG and tax avoidance is different depending on an individual firm’s level of ESG-related reputational risk. [Originality] We create a reputation-based ESG risk data set that addresses the endogeneity associated with the manager’s decision and simultaneity bias to determine the relationship between ESG and tax avoidance. Also, this is one of few studies that examine the relationship between CSR and tax avoidance internationally. |
| Keywords: | Corporate social responsibility, ESG, Sustainable investment, Tax avoidance, International evidence, Reputational risk exposure |
| JEL: | M14 |
| Date: | 2021–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:110464&r= |
| By: | Comello, Stephen (Stanford University); Reichelstein, Julia (Piva Capital); Reichelstein, Stefan (Mannheim Institute for Sustainable Energy, University of Mannheim and Stanford University) |
| Abstract: | In this article we first summarize the specific plans articulated by seven major corporations for reducing their Corporate Carbon Footprints (abbreviated as CCF from hereon). Our sample is not intended to be representative of the broader population of firms that have become active in this regard. Instead, our selection aims to cover a range of industries, including energy companies, manufacturers, and distributors of consumer products as well as internet technology firms. We then compare and discuss key features of the decarbonization plans put forth by these seven firms to highlight substantial differences regarding the specificity and measurement of the articulated goals. Our discussion points to considerable variation in the use of so-called carbon offsets. We also discuss what might make CCF disclosures more transparent and credible in the future, including the possibility of such disclosures becoming mandatory rather than voluntary. |
| Date: | 2021–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecl:stabus:3955&r= |
| By: | Choudhuri, Pallavi; Desai, Sonalde |
| Abstract: | The use of solid cooking fuels—wood, straw, crop residue, and cow-dung cakes—is associated with higher levels of environmental pollution and health burden. However, even in an era when incomes have grown and poverty has declined, the proportion of Indian households using clean cooking fuels such as kerosene or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) has increased only slightly. Even among the wealthiest quintile, only about 40 percent of the households rely solely on clean fuel. Since the chores of cooking and collection of fuel remain primarily the domain of women, we argue that intra-household gender inequalities play an important role in shaping the household decision to invest in clean fuel. Analyses using data from the India Human Development Survey (IHDS), a panel survey of over 41,000 households conducted in two waves in 2004-05 and 2011–12, respectively, show that women’s access to salaried work and control over household expenditure decisions is associated with the use of clean fuel. |
| Keywords: | LPG, clean fuel, gender inequality, resource dependence, intra-household, India |
| JEL: | J1 Q4 |
| Date: | 2020–04–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:110340&r= |
| By: | Tyngkan, Hehlangki; Singh, Soibam Basanta; Singh, Ram; Lyngkhoi, Dipriya R.; Gogoi, Jeemoni |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315865&r= |
| By: | Welter, Friederike; Levering, Britta |
| Abstract: | Covid 19 pandemic, digitalization, Green Deal - Mittelstand companies will face great challenges in the next years besides their sector and size-specific tasks. Derived from Mittelstand research, we outline which legislative motions and support measures policy makers need to pay attention to in order to sustainably strengthen Mittelstand companies' competitiveness and innovativeness. |
| Keywords: | Mittelstand policy,Covid 19,Green Deal,digitalization,innovativeness,competitiveness |
| JEL: | K20 A10 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifmwps:0221&r= |
| By: | Edi Assoumou,; Florent Mc Isaac |
| Abstract: | In closing its economic gap with emerging markets, Côte d’Ivoire will face a substantial increase in electricity demand over the next three decades. Côte d’Ivoire has signed the Paris Agreement that aims to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources, including electricity, and absorption by sinks of green-house gases in the second half of the century. This paper develops a forward-looking tool to explore electricity technology investment paths compatible with both rapidly increasing electricity demand and the Paris Agreement. We build a TIMES model for Côte d’Ivoire and run scenarios with two sets of reasonable assumptions that represent two competing and probable visions of the future costs of coal and photovoltaic technologies. |
| Keywords: | Côte d'Ivoire |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2021–11–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en13311&r= |
| By: | Vana, Rajendra Prasad; Rao, Seepana Govinda; Ramana, Annepu Venkata |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Health Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:314935&r= |
| By: | Yu, Wusheng; Clora, Francesco; Costa, Louis; Baudry, Gino |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315912&r= |
| By: | Glenk, Gunther (University of Mannheim); Meier, Rebecca (University of Mannheim); Reichelstein, Stefan (University of Mannheim and Stanford University) |
| Abstract: | The rapid transition to a decarbonized energy economy is widely believed to hinge on the rate of cost improvements for certain clean energy technologies, in particular renewable power and energy storage. This paper adopts the classical learning-by-doing framework of Wright (1936), which predicts cost (price) to fall as a function of the cumulative volume of past deployments. We examine the learning rates for key clean energy system components (e.g., solar photovoltaic modules) and the life-cycle cost of generating clean energy (e.g., wind energy and hydrogen obtained through electrolysis). Our calculations point to significant and sustained learning rates, which, in some contexts, are much faster than the traditional 20% learning rate observed in other industries. Finally, we argue that the observed learning rates for individual technologies reinforce each other in advancing the transition to a decarbonized energy economy. |
| Date: | 2021–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecl:stabus:3958&r= |
| By: | Qi, Yang; Yueji, Zhu; Ling, Liu; Fang, Wang |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315254&r= |
| By: | Nkurunziza, Fabrice; Ngango, Jules; Zheng, Hongyun |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315060&r= |
| By: | Le, Kien; Nguyen, My |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the extent to which in-utero exposure to temperature shocks affects birth weight outcomes in Vietnam. Exploiting the variations across districts and conception timing within districts, we show that a one standard deviation increase in temperature relative to the local norm (approximately 0.52 degree Celsius) during the first trimester of pregnancy reduces the child’s weight at birth by 67 grams or 2.2%. Our heterogeneity analysis suggests that infants living in rural areas, born to poor and low-educated mothers are especially vulnerable to temperature shocks. |
| Keywords: | Temperature, Birth Weight, Intergenerational Effects, Vietnam |
| JEL: | I15 J13 O15 Q54 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:110325&r= |
| By: | Liedtke, Christa; Seibt, Alexandra; Stademann, Inga |
| Abstract: | Die aktuellen Berichte des Weltklimarates (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC) und des International Resource Panel zeigen erneut die Dringlichkeit einer umfassenden sozial-ökologischen Transformation auf. Das bedeutet, dass die Umsetzung der "Agenda 2030", welche im Jahr 2015 durch die Vereinten Nationen beschlossen wurde, als ein international geltendes Maßnahmenprogramm zur Umsetzung einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung gesetzt und ihr ein zentraler politischer Stellenwert zugeordnet werden muss. Das SDG 12 "Nachhaltige Konsum- und Produktionsmuster sicherstellen" setzt die besondere Rolle nachhaltiger Produktions- und Konsummuster als Ausgangspunkt für eine Klima- und Ressourcenwende und Generationen- sowie soziale Gerechtigkeit. Der Zukunftsimpuls formuliert zehn Botschaften zur Umsetzung von SDG 12 "Nachhaltige Konsum- und Produktionsmuster sicherstellen" als Ausgangspunkt einer großen Transformation. Es beleuchtet kurz und knapp vielfältige Handlungsvoraussetzungen als auch Akteurinnen und Akteure, die relevant für die Verwirklichung einer nachhaltigen Zukunft sind. Der Zukunftsimpuls thematisiert unter anderem die Vorbildfunktion des Staates, die Chancen, die sich auf kommunaler Ebene bieten und die internationale Perspektive, welche sich durch globale Kooperationen und stetigen Wissens- und Erfahrungsaustausch auszeichnen sollte. Ein weiterer Fokus liegt auf nachhaltiger Produktion und nachhaltigem Konsum. Dies lässt sich durch die Stärkung des Nachhaltigkeitsbewusstseins und der -kompetenz sowie der Schaffung von ausreichend Gelegenheiten erreichen, damit einer dynamisch wachsenden Gruppe nachhaltiges Produzieren und nachhaltiger Konsum ermöglicht wird. Ziel ist daher die Bildung eines politischen und gesetzlichen Rahmens, welcher nachhaltige Lebensstile als auch nachhaltige Produktions- und Dienstleistungssysteme begünstigt, fördert und als Daseinsvorsorge sieht. Um die Entwicklung und Fortschritte zu sichern, bedarf es neuer Indikatoren und regelmäßiger Monitorings, die Handlungslücken in Realzeit aufdecken und das Schließen der Lücken ermöglichen. Die Umsetzung des SDG 12 benötigt einen Rahmen, der von Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft getragen wird. |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wupimp:22&r= |
| By: | Bardt, Hubertus |
| Abstract: | Auf zusammenhängenden Märkten für austauschbare Güter gibt es - abgesehen von Transaktionskosten - nur einen einheitlichen Preis. Im Gegensatz dazu ist der internationale Klimaschutz durch sehr unterschiedliche Preise für die Emission von Treibhausgasen geprägt. Europa hat mit dem Emissionshandel einen recht großen Anteil der globalen Emissionen relativ hoch bepreist. Weltweit sind die meisten Emissionen hingegen deutlich preiswerter oder gar kostenfrei. Dies ist ein Zeichen von Ineffizienzen im globalen Klimaschutz. Auf der einen Seite müssen teure Aktivitäten vorgenommen werden, während an anderer Stelle günstigere Maßnahmen unterbleiben. Wenn es darum geht, mit den vorhandenen Mitteln den bestmöglichen Klimaschutz zu erreichen, müssten die Preise international angeglichen werden. Aus den Preisdifferenzen resultieren aber darüber hinaus auch erhebliche Kostenvor- und -nachteile für produzierende Unternehmen im internationalen Wettbewerb. Um industrielle Produktion zu klimafreundlichen Konditionen zu ermöglichen, muss ein Ausgleichmechanismus gefunden werden. Es geht darum, Investitionen in klimafreundliche Produktionsweisen an den Standorten zu ermöglichen, die durch anspruchsvollen Klimaschutz und daher hohe Preise für Emissionen charakterisiert sind. Eine Verschiebung der Investitionsschwerpunkte in Länder mit geringeren Emissionskosten würde die Klimaschutzländer wirtschaftlich schwächen, ohne einen signifikanten Klimaschutzbeitrag zu leisten. Zudem würde die Möglichkeiten reduziert, Technologien für die weltweiten Emissionsvermeidung zu entwickeln. Unterschiedliche Instrumente stehen zur Verfügung, die die Mehrkosten verringern, die durch die unterschiedliche Bepreisung entstehen. Die öffentliche Förderung von Klimaschutzinvestitionen, für die es aufgrund der politisch gesetzten Preisunterschiede derzeit keine Amortisation am Markt geben kann, gehört ebenso zu den Instrumenten wie die zeitlich begrenzte, aufgrund der langen Investitionslaufzeit der Klimaschutzmaßnahmen jedoch auf einen langen Zeitraum angelegte Förderung von laufenden Mehrkosten. Hierfür müssen Modelle entwickelt werden, die die Preissteuerung an Märkten so wenig wie möglich schwächen. Auch internationale, möglicherweise sektorale Klima-Klubs wären ein erfolgversprechendes Instrument. Wenn für einzelne Produkte an den wichtigsten Produktionsstandorten vergleichbare Preise vereinbart werden kann, wäre das ein wichtiger Schritt für internationalen Klimaschutz ohne Wettbewerbsverzerrungen zu Lasten der klimafreundlichsten Volkswirtschaften. |
| Keywords: | Klimaschutz,Investitionen,Handelspolitik |
| JEL: | Q54 F18 F21 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwkrep:412021&r= |
| By: | Jha, Chandan Kumar; Singh, Vartika; Stevanovic, Miodrag; Dietrich, Philipp; Saxena, Satyam; Mosnier, Aline; Weindl, Isabelle; Bodirsky, Benjamin; Popp, Alexander; Ghosh, Ranjan; Lotze-Campen, Hermann; Schmidt-traub, Guido |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315911&r= |
| By: | Harshita Bhat (Jain University, Bengaluru); Pleasa Serin Abraham (BASE University, Bengaluru) |
| Abstract: | The exponential growth of population, dynamics of industrialization, and expanding real estate business in Bengaluru have put high pressure on water resources and the demand-supply gap is ever widening. The loss of open lands, lakes, and ponds resulted in the depletion of groundwater and the city has no option but to resort to water conservation. Ever since Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB) passed the Rainwater Harvesting Regulation in 2009 a policy-driven initiative has started to popularize Rain Water Harvesting in Bengaluru city. This study examines the technical and non-technical factors affecting the water conservation potential of the Domestic Rain Water Harvesting system (DRWH) in the independent houses in the city of Bengaluru. Using the OLS regression model the main determinants of water conservation potential of the DRWH are identified as catchment area, type of roof, number of water sources, and house area. The study finds that there are 13.76% water savings per household per year with DRWH structures. |
| Keywords: | Water conservation, Domestic Rain Water Harvesting Renewal information Classification-O24,Q53 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:alj:wpaper:12/2021&r= |
| By: | Jan Pojar (Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering); Jakub Kvasnica (Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering) |
| Abstract: | The European Union promotes the concept of energy communities as a tool for achieving ambitious goals in decarbonisation of the European economy. Potentially, energy communities can bring multiple benefits; they are seen as a way for more efficient power sharing and decentralization and decarbonisation of energy generation as well as increasing locally produced renewable energy.The aim of the article is to examine establishing and operation of energy communities in the context of the Czech Republic. The article explores current and upcoming legislation on energy communities, the first of its kind that would set the regulatory framework for energy communities for a foreseeable future.The article describes case studies of energy communities with regard to their implementation in the conditions of the Czech Republic. Case studies focus on technical solutions for modern and renewable energy sources suitable for operation in energy communities.The article concludes with a summary of barriers, e.g. in the field of property rights and their possible solutions, and benefits of energy communities implementation, such as better distribution of investment costs and the possibility of implementing larger projects, subsequent savings in energy costs, facilitation of renewable energy sources and decentralization of energy production.The article also discusses the necessary steps for removing the barriers, which would subsequently accelerate the implementation of energy communities. |
| Keywords: | Energy community; Energy production; Energy generation; Energy Decentralization; Decarbonisation |
| JEL: | D00 Q42 Q43 |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:ibmpro:12713417&r= |
| By: | Mr. Serkan Arslanalp; Mr. Robin Koepke; Jasper Verschuur |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes an easy-to-follow approach to track merchandise trade using vessel data and applies it to Pacific island countries. Pacific islands rely heavily on imports and maritime transport for trade. They are also highly vulnerable to climate change and natural disasters that pose risks to ports and supply chains. Using satellite-based vessel tracking data from the UN Global Platform, we construct daily indicators of port and trade activity for Pacific island countries. The algorithm significantly advances estimation techniques of previous studies, particularly by employing ways to overcome challenges with the estimation of cargo payloads, using detailed information on shipping liner schedules to validate port calls, and applying country-specific information to define port boundaries. The approach can complement and help fill gaps in official data, provide early warning signs of turning points in economic activity, and assist policymakers and international organizations to monitor and provide timely responses to shocks (e.g., COVID-19). |
| Keywords: | Merchandise trade Data; I. Pacific island; liner shipping connectivity index; Merchandise import; supply disruption; Imports; Natural disasters; COVID-19; Trade balance; Tourism; Pacific Islands; Global; port boundary; port call; vessel data |
| Date: | 2021–08–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2021/225&r= |
| By: | Ly Dai Hung (Vietnam Institute of Economics, Hanoi, Vietnam) |
| Abstract: | Objective: The paper investigates the fast and sustainable development, then, discusses some policy implications to enhance the development process. The fast development is based on the economic growth rate combined with income distribution, while the sustainable development is based on the genuine savings per GDP and the biocapacity reserve. Methodology: The research method employs a quantitative analysis on a data sample of 172 economies over the 1992-2016 period. The empirical evidence is based on both a cross-section regression with each variable is average over time and a panel-data fixed-effect regression which captures the constant heterogeneity across countries. Findings: The empirical evidence records that the impact of economic growth rate on the income inequality follows an inverted-U-shaped curve or Kuznet curve, while its impact on the genuine savings per GDP and biocapacity reserve follows a linear increasing line. Based on this evidence, we also show that only 27/172 economies have available space to raise its economic growth rate over the fast and weak sustainable development path. And only 15/172 economies have available space to raise its economic growth rate along the fast and strong sustainable development path. Implications: The results suggest that an economy can first attain the objective of fast and weak sustainable development, then, the fast and strong sustainable development. The transmission from fast and weak sustainable development to the fast and strong sustainable develoment is difficult, thus, needs the appropriated public policy architecture. |
| Keywords: | Fast and Sustainable Development,Cross-Section Analysis,Public Policy |
| Date: | 2021–10–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03408272&r= |
| By: | Michael Macgregor Perry |
| Abstract: | Fisheries in the East China Sea (ECS) face multiple concerning trends. Aside from depleted stocks caused by overfishing, illegal encroachments by fishermen from one nation into another's legal waters are a common occurrence. This behavior presumably could be stopped via strong monitoring, controls, and surveillance (MCS), but MCS is routinely rated below standards for nations bordering the ECS. This paper generalizes the ECS to a model of a congested maritime environment, defined as an environment where multiple nations can fish in the same waters with equivalent operating costs, and uses game-theoretic analysis to explain why the observed behavior persists in the ECS. The paper finds that nations in congested environments are incentivized to issue excessive quotas, which in turn tacitly encourages illegal fishing and extracts illegal rent from another's legal waters. This behavior couldn't persist in the face of strong MCS measures, and states are thus likewise incentivized to use poor MCS. A bargaining problem is analyzed to complement the noncooperative game, and a key finding is the nation with lower nonoperating costs has great leverage during the bargain. |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2110.13966&r= |
| By: | Jan Fagerberg (Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture, University of Oslo) |
| Abstract: | The topics addressed in this paper concern the (much-needed) transition to sustainability and what role (innovation) policy can play in speeding up such changes. In their Discussion Paper Schot and Steinmueller (this issue) argue that the existing theorizing and knowledge bases within the field of innovation studies are “unfit” for this task and that a totally new approach is required. This paper takes issue with this claim. Policy advice, it is argued, needs to be anchored in the accumulated research on the issue at hand, in this case, innovation. The paper therefore starts by distilling some important insights on innovation from the accumulated research on this topic and, with this in mind, considers various policy approaches that have been suggested for influencing innovation and sustainability transitions. Finally, the lessons for the development and implementation of transformative innovation policy are considered. It is concluded that the existing theorizing and knowledge base in innovation studies may be of great relevance when designing policies for dealing with climate change and sustainability transitions. |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tik:inowpp:20211115&r= |
| By: | Kurup, Suresh A.; Reddy, A. Amarender; Singh, Dharm Raj; Praveen, K.V |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315127&r= |
| By: | Beber, Caetano Luiz; Langer, Greta; Meyer, Johannes |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315166&r= |
| By: | Lee, Cheon-Kee (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Lee, Jukwan (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Park, Hyeri (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kang, Yoo-Duk (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies) |
| Abstract: | Trade-related issues such as market access and tariff elimination or reduction have been the main concerns of free trade agreements or FTAs since the early 2000s. With more attention recently given to the concept of sustainable development, however, a growing number of countries start to share a common understanding that global and concerted efforts for environmental and labour protection are crucial for sustainable growth. In this context more of the recent FTAs focus on non-trade concerns such as protection of the environment and workers. A leading example is the FTA between Korea and the EU. Ever since the Korea-EU FTA, the EU has included a chapter on “Trade and Sustainable Development” or “TSD” to extensively provide for environment and labour obligations in its bilateral trade agreements. Further, it is noteworthy that the U.S. and the EU have resorted to dispute settlement and enforcement mechanisms within their FTAs to ensure that their trade partners effectively implement environment and labour obligations at the domestic level. For instance, on December 17, 2018, the European Commission requested a consultation to Korea under the Korea-EU FTA on the grounds that the Korean government had not shown sufficient efforts in ratifying the remaining four of the eight fundamental ILO Conventions and thus acted inconsistently with the TSD Chapter of the same FTA. This is the first case that the EU has ever initiated a dispute settlement procedure under a TSD chapter. The Panel of Experts was composed on December 30, 2019, and the final report was recently published on January 25th, 2021. Against this background, for consideration by the Korean government this Brief discusses the emerging trends of environmental and labour provisions in U.S. and EU trade agreements (with a special emphasis on the USMCA), particularly focusing on the aspect of ‘enforceability’ of such obligations. |
| Keywords: | FTAs; trade; environment; labour; EU; TSD |
| Date: | 2021–03–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:2021_016&r= |
| By: | Henri-Ukoha, Adanna; Nlebedim, C.; Aroyehun, R.A |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315868&r= |
| By: | Sakaguchi, Makishi; Fujii, Hidemichi |
| Abstract: | The merit order effect (MOE), which renewable energy sources can decrease wholesale electricity prices, plays an important role in establishing low-carbon societies. After the liberalization of the electricity market, the trade volume of the Japan Electric Power Exchange (JEPX) day-ahead spot market drastically increased between 2016 and 2019; however, price spikes still occur often. Ordinary least squares and quantile regression analyses were applied in this study to investigate how wind and solar photovoltaics (PV) energy generation affect the JEPX day-ahead spot price by time, price range, and area, and we concluded that the MOE of wind increased between 2016 and 2019 while that of PV decreased during this time. In regard to the high price ranges, although wind generation is not significant in terms of reducing price spikes, PV had this effect in 2016 and 2017 but not during the other years covered. The study area was divided into four regions, and each area followed trends that were different from those of the national analysis. Overall, the key finding of our study is that wind power has more potential to reduce electricity prices than PV. |
| Keywords: | merit order effect; wholesale electricity market; renewable energy |
| JEL: | Q42 Q43 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:110554&r= |
| By: | Sibabrata Das; Mr. Saad N Quayyum; Mr. Tamim Bayoumi |
| Abstract: | The paper analyzes the impact of natural disasters on per-capita GDP growth. Using a quantile regressions and growth-at-risk approach, the paper examines the impact of disasters and policy choices on the distribution of growth rather than simply its average. We find that countries that have in place disaster preparedness mechanisms and lower public debt have lower probability of witnessing a significant drop in growth as a consequence of a natural disaster, but our innovative methodology in this paper finds that the two policies are complements since their effectiveness vary across different disaster scenarios. While both are helpful for small to mid-size disasters, lower debt—and hence more fiscal space—is more beneficial in the face of very large disasters. A balanced strategy would thus involve both policies. |
| Date: | 2021–09–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2021/234&r= |
| By: | KASHIWAGI Yuzuka; TODO Yasuyuki |
| Abstract: | This study investigates whether and how natural disasters affect intergroup perceptions, particularly focusing on subjective expectations for dependability on other groups in emergencies. We conduct a household survey in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, which has experienced religious conflicts and was heavily hit by the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake. Our estimation results from the survey data indicate that individuals who suffered from the earthquake exhibit higher expectations for access to emergency support from other religious groups in the future. As a possible mechanism of this change, we show that the direct and indirect experience of actual cooperation between groups after the earthquake contribute to the higher expectations of sufferers. We also find heterogeneity in the effect of the earthquake on intergroup perception, depending on, for example, the types of damage and past experiences. |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:21082&r= |
| By: | Sarfo, Yaw; Musshoff, Oliver; Weber, Ron; Danne, Michael |
| Keywords: | Farm Management |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315029&r= |
| By: | Roberto Roson (Department of Economics, University Of Venice CÃ Foscari; Loyola Andalusia University; GREEN Bocconi University Milan); Camille Van der Vorst (Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies, KU Leuven) |
| Abstract: | This survey presents the recent and rapidly expanding literature, which analyses the economic impacts of the COVID 19 pandemic, by means of Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modelling. It does so not only by contrasting and assessing the different methodological approaches, and the key findings of the simulation exercises, but also by putting the various contributions in a historical perspective. This is necessary, because each CGE based study should be evaluated while keeping in mind when it was realized, since questions, priorities, expectations have been constantly changing during the spreading of the pandemic. |
| Keywords: | CGE models, COVID-19, economic impact, environmental impact |
| JEL: | C68 D58 Q51 F62 I10 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ven:wpaper:2021:25&r= |
| By: | Rossi, Martin |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a decomposition of labor productivity growth into contributions associated with technical change, efficiency change, returns to scale, and environmental variables. The decomposition is based on parametric estimation of labor requirement functions. This approach is applied to a panel of Latin American distribution utilities between 1994 and 2001. The main results are a positive labor productivity growth averaging 7.5% per year, and that this is mainly due to a shift in the frontier. |
| Keywords: | Productivity, Electricity Distribution, Labor Requirement Function, Efficiency |
| JEL: | L94 |
| Date: | 2021–11–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:110536&r= |
| By: | Che, Yuyuan; Feng, Hongli; Hennessy, David |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315123&r= |
| By: | Victor Champonnois (UMR G-EAU, Montpellier, France.); Olivier Chanel (Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, AMSE, Marseille, France.) |
| Abstract: | Revealed and stated preference techniques are widely used to assess willingness to pay (WTP) for non-market goods as input to public and private decision-making. However, individuals first have to satisfy subsistence needs through market good consumption, which affects their ability to pay. We provide a methodological framework and derive a simple ex post adjustment factor to account for this effect. We quantify its impacts on the WTP for non-market goods and the ranking of projects theoretically, numerically and empirically. This confirms that non-adjusted WTP tends to be plutocratic: the views of the richest-whatever they are-are more likely to impact decision-making, potentially leading to ranking reversal between projects. We also suggest that the subsistence needs-based adjustment factor we propose has a role to play in value transfer procedures. The overall goal is a better representation of the entire population's preferences with regard to non-market goods. |
| Keywords: | subsistence needs; adjustment factor; non-market valuation; value transfer; population's preferences |
| JEL: | D60 D70 Q51 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aim:wpaimx:2142&r= |
| By: | Stefan Meyer (Monash University); Paulo Santos (Monash University); Chitpasong Kousonsavath (National University of Laos) |
| Abstract: | We experimentally evaluate the effect of competing for a prize on the coordinated control of invasive species in the presence of externalities. We offered prizes (merit, monetary and a combination of both) to the best performer in a contest aimed at promoting the control of rodent pests, an invasive species that is responsible for large losses in stored grain. Only monetary prizes are capable of promoting behavioral change, with relatively large effects: households in villages where prizes were offered reported losses in storage that are 25% lower than in control villages. The effect is a non-linear function of prize, with only intermediate size prizes leading to reductions in storage losses. Spillovers matter greatly, with non-participants in the contest benefiting almost as much as participants, highlighting the importance of externalities. Avoided losses are large enough to drive a reduction in rice prices in seasonally isolated markets. |
| Keywords: | contests, invasive species, spillovers, food security |
| JEL: | Q56 Q12 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mos:moswps:2021-16&r= |
| By: | Khondaker Golam Moazzem; ASM Shamim Alam Shibly |
| Abstract: | The 8th Five Year Plan (8FYP) is one of the important policy documents during the period between FY2020– 21 and FY2024–25. Like earlier Five Year Plans, the power sector has got special attention in the new Plan with a view to ensuring access to electricity, supporting economic activities and promoting industrialisation. In the backdrop of persistent weaknesses and challenges in the power sector during the immediate-past FYP period (7FYP) as well as economic slowdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the study examines how the 8FYP addresses on the challenges in the power sector and whether the long-term targets set in the Plan is consistent with the future outlook of the power sector including development of the clean power sector. The study observed positive changes in the power sector during the 7FYP period which include higher public and private investment, better access to electricity to consumers and gradual reduction of transmission and distribution losses. However, the 7FYP period ended with a number of challenges including: (i) over-generation capacity, (ii) under-utilisation of power plants, (iii) poor efficiency of power plants, (iv) increasing public debt of the Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB), (v) fiscal-financial pressure on importing fossil-fuel, and (vi) little attention on the renewable energy development. These challenges have received little attention in setting targets for the 8th plan period. In case of primary energy, the 8FYP has little shift from the earlier policy stance. There is no comprehensive outlook on renewable energy in power generation—8FYP focuses mainly on hydro-power. Without appropriate measures and initiatives, the problems would further exaggerate during the coming years. In this backdrop, the study suggests to emphasise in the 8FYP period on undertaking proper measures such as demand rationalisation and demand-side management, enhancing efficiency of power plants, cost reduction, abandoning coal-fired power plants, abandoning old, expensive fuel-based and quick rental and rental power plants, gradual shifting towards cleaner energy-mix by enhancing use of non-conventional renewable energy mix for power generation. |
| Keywords: | Power Sector, Power and Energy, Renewable Energy, Clean Energy, Rental Power, COVID-19, FY2020-21, 8th Five Year Plan, 8FYP, Bangladesh Budget, Economc risk, Bangladesh, Corona Pandemic, Bangladesh economy, stimulus package, budget deficit |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:opaper:138&r= |
| By: | Dongmei Chen (King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center) |
| Keywords: | Economic growth, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2021–10–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:prc:dpaper:ks--2021-dp016&r= |
| By: | Khondaker Golam Moazzem; Helen Mashiyat Preoty |
| Abstract: | The new Power and Energy System Master Plan (PESMP) is on the process of drafting by the Ministry of Power Energy and Mineral Resources (MoPEMR). The new PSEMP aims to promote a low or zero-carbon transformation of the total energy supply and demand system. The successive PSMPs (2005, 2010 and 2016) have been criticised to have an inappropriate demand projection which led to different types of challenges. The paper reviews the successive PSMPs (PSMP 2005, 2010 and 2016) to find out the methodological weaknesses and suggests the alternative methodology for demand-side analysis of the power sector for the new plan. Based on the literature of developing countries and the findings of the key informant interviews (KIIs) the paper finds that Bangladesh needs to consider a sound methodology for proper forecasting of electricity demand. A number of methods which are methodologically well-recognised and applied to different countries such as bottom-up approach which could be more appropriate in the context of Bangladesh to forecast the power demand in the PESMP 2021. This paper concludes with a number of recommendations for the next PESMP. |
| Keywords: | PESMP, Power Sector, Power and Energy, Renewable Energy, Clean Energy, Rental Power, COVID-19, |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:opaper:139&r= |
| By: | Akaichi, Faical; Ciera, Nichola; Revoredo-Giha, Cesar |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315371&r= |
| By: | Dalheimer, Bernhard; Kubitza, Christoph; Bruemmer, Bernhard |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315210&r= |
| By: | An, Sungbae (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Han, Minsoo (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kim, Subin (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Lee, Jinhee (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | The decline in labor share is recognized as a global phenomenon. Concerns have been raised that this trend will exacerbate the income inequality between business owners as capitalists and households as the labor suppliers, prompting a decline in household income and consumption, which are major driving forces for sustainable growth. Meanwhile, various policy measures have been introduced to raise the labor share, with the aim of correcting inequality and boosting growth. This study explores the determinants of labor share and analyzes the effects of these factors on the economy and social welfare, offering various interpretations and policy alternatives according to economic conditions. |
| Keywords: | labor share; welfare; income inequality; sustainable growth; economy; policy |
| Date: | 2021–03–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:2021_007&r= |
| By: | Feld, Lars P.; Fuest, Clemens; Haucap, Justus; Schweitzer, Heike; Wieland, Volker; Wigger, Berthold U. |
| Abstract: | Am 26. September 2021 wurde der 20. Bundestag gewählt. Auf die Abgeordneten und die neue Bundesregierung kommen große Aufgaben zu. Demografie, Klimawandel und Digitalisierung sind drei zentrale Herausforderungen, die es in der neuen Legislaturperiode anzupacken und nachhaltig zu bewältigen gilt. Diese Themen sind nicht neu, sollten aber grundlegend neu angegangen werden. Dafür müssen Rahmenbedingungen richtig gesetzt und die knappen Finanzmittel zielgenau eingesetzt werden. Der Kronberger Kreis, wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Stiftung Marktwirtschaft, schlägt der neuen Bundesregierung in der vorliegenden Studie konkrete Maßnahmen vor, um den Herausforderungen mit einer verantwortungsvollen, zukunftsgerichteten Wirtschafts- und Finanzpolitik adäquat zu begegnen. Diese Maßnahmen würden maßgeblich dazu beitragen, die Finanzierung der heutigen Renten-, Pflege- und Gesundheitspolitik auf tragbare und generationengerechte Füße zu stellen, globalen Klimaschutz wirksam und effizient zu betreiben und mithilfe einer innovationsfreundlichen Digitalisierungsstrategie die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit Deutschlands zu stärken. |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:smwkro:68&r= |
| By: | Martin, Elliot PhD; Shaheen, Susan PhD; Stocker, Adam |
| Abstract: | Transportation Network Companies (TNCs) like Lyft, Uber, and their global counterparts have expanded around the world over the past decade and have changed the way that people travel around cities and regions. The individual mobility benefits provided by TNCs have been clear. Passengers can summon a vehicle quickly via smartphone from almost anywhere to take them almost anywhere, with advance communication on estimated wait time, travel time, and cost. TNCs may also provide users with added mobility benefits, especially for those living in areas where public transit service is infrequent or non-existent. However, the growing popularity of TNCs has forced important questions about their impacts on the overall transportation network. While past research has focused on many different aspects of TNC impacts, including their effects on travel behavior, modal shift, congestion, and other topics, there are still many important questions. This report advances the understanding of TNC effects on vehicle miles traveled (VMT), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and personal vehicle ownership. The research also explores key questions regarding the impact of pooled TNC services, Lyft Shared rides and uberPOOL, and further investigates how TNCs alter the use of other transportation modes, including public transit. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2021–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt90b6d7r3&r= |
| By: | Chepchirchir, Fridah; Muriithi, Beatrice; Langat, Jackson K. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315892&r= |
| By: | Tadadjeu, Sosson; Njangang, Henri; Asongu, Simplice; Kamguia, Brice |
| Abstract: | This paper contributes to the literature by investigating the effect of natural resources on under-five mortality in a sample of 50 African countries over the period 1996 to 2018. We also examine the extent to which governance shapes the relationship between natural resources and under-five mortality. Our results show that natural resources have increased under-five mortality. Resource rents also have detrimental effects on child mortality by age, gender, and the three major causes of infant mortality from infectious diseases. However, an extended analysis of different types of natural resources suggests that point resources (such as oil, natural gas and mineral rents) increase under-five mortality, in contrast to the diffuse resources (such as forest rent). We also find that governance mitigates the positive effect of natural resources on child mortality. Corresponding governance policy thresholds that should be attained in order to reverse the positive effects of natural resources on child mortality are provided. We thus suggest an increase in the funds allocated to the health sector from resource rents and encourage efforts to improve governance standards in sampled countries. |
| Keywords: | Natural resources; Child mortality; Governance; Africa |
| JEL: | J13 O55 Q33 Q34 Q38 |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:110597&r= |
| By: | Chen, Yuquan; Fan, Shenggen; Liu, Chang; Yu, Xiaohua |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315348&r= |
| By: | McCann, Laura; Michler, Jeffrey; Carmona, Natalia Estrada; Raneri, Jessica |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315883&r= |
| By: | Ribeiro, Jose Eduardo; Gschwandtner, Adelina; Revoredo-Giha, Cesar |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis, Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:314942&r= |