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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Tadashi Matsumoto; Dorothée Allain-Dupré; Jonathan Crook; Alexis Robert |
| Abstract: | Following the historic 2015 Paris Agreement aiming to limit global temperature rise to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels by 2100, 165 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, representing 192 countries, have been submitted. Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) detail each Party’s efforts to reduce domestic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. This paper, recognising the role of cities and regions in implementing the Paris Agreement, highlights the need for an integrated approach in implementing NDCs and long-term low GHG emission development strategies (LT-LEDS) and attempts to present key policy options for such an approach. First, the paper identifies the national and subnational co-ordination mechanisms in current NDCs, LT-LEDS and other subnational climate strategies and argues that the current processes of developing and implementing NDCs and LT-LEDS provide a unique opportunity for national governments to integrate innovative subnational climate action. The paper then assesses the potential for co-ordination of national, regional and local climate mitigation investment through the lens of the OECD Recommendation on Effective Public Investment Across Levels of Government adopted in 2014. |
| Keywords: | cities, climate change, infrastructure, long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (LT-LEDS), mitigation, Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), Paris Agreement, public investment |
| JEL: | H54 Q01 Q54 Q56 R11 R58 |
| Date: | 2019–12–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:govaab:2019/13-en&r=all |
| By: | Sanders, Jürn; Heß, Jürgen |
| Abstract: | Organic farming is considered to be a sustainable land use system and is therefore specifically supported by policy. Although the interactions between organic farming and the resulting socially relevant environmental benefits have received increasingly widespread recognition in science and politics, the potential of organic farming to solve the environmental and resource challenges of our time are still assessed differently. Against this background, the aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of scientific studies on public goods provided by organic farming in the following areas: water protection, soil fertility, biodiversity, climate mitigation, climate adaptation, resource efficiency, and animal welfare. As part of a literature review, a total of 528 studies with 2,816 pairs (organic vs. conventional farming) were selected for the analysis. These studies had to meet the following criteria: (a) publication period: January 1990 to March 2018; (b) region: temperate climates; (c) study design: at least one organic/conventional pair, and (d) language: studies in German or English. The results of the comparisons between organic and conventional farming were evaluated using descriptive statistics (min, max, mean and median values) and graphically illustrated using box plot diagrams. In addition, the results of the organic variant of the individual pairs were classified on the basis of quantitative criteria with regard to their relative characteristics compared to the conventional variant (Öko +, Öko =, Öko ‐). The evaluation of the scientific literature found that, across all indicators for the fields of environmental protection and resource conservation, organic management showed advantages over conventional management in 58 % of the pairs analysed. No differences were found for 28 %, and in 14 % of the comparison pairs, the conventional management was more advantageous. No clear picture was drawn regarding animal welfare. No substantial differences were found between organic and conventional livestock across all animal species and production forms in 46 % of the comparison pairs. Organic management showed advantages in 35 % of the pairs, whereas conventional management performed better in 19 % of the pairs. However, very few studies have been found considering animal welfare in a comprehensive sense... |
| Keywords: | Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–12–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimwo:298449&r=all |
| By: | Nowosad, Jakub; Stepinski, Tomasz; Netzel, Pawel |
| Abstract: | Monitoring global land cover changes is important because of concerns about their impact on environment and climate. The release by the European Space Agency (ESA) of a set of worldwide annual land cover maps covering the 1992–2015 period makes possible a quantitative assessment of land change on the global scale. While ESA land cover mapping effort was motivated by the need to better characterize global and regional carbon cycles, the dataset may benefit a broad range of disciplines. To facilitate utilization of ESA maps for broad-scale problems in landscape ecology and environmental studies, we have constructed a GIS-based vector database of mesoscale landscapes – patterns of land cover categories in 9km × 9km tracts of land. First, we reprojected ESA maps to the Fuller projection to assure that each landscape in the database has approximately the same size and shape so the patterns of landscapes at different locations can be compared. Second, we calculated landscape attributes including its compositions in 1992 and 2015, magnitude of pattern change, categories transition matrix for detailed characterization of change, fractional abundances of plant functional types (PFTs) in 1992 and 2015, and change trend type – a simple, overall descriptor of the character of landscape change. Combining change trends and change magnitude information we constructed a global, thematic map of land change; this map offers a visualization of what, where, and to what degree has changed between 1992 and 2015. The database is SQL searchable and supports all GIS vector operations. Using change magnitude attribute we calculated that only 22% of total landmass experienced significant landscape change during the 1992-2015 period, but that change zone accounted for 80% of all pixel-based transitions. Dominant land cover transitions were forest → agriculture followed by agriculture → forest. Using PFTs attributes to calculate global aggregation of gross and net changes for major PFTs yielded results in agreement with other recent estimates. |
| Date: | 2018–02–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:eartha:k3rmn&r=all |
| By: | Siderius, Christian; Conway, Declan; Yassine, Mohamed; Murken, Lisa; Lostis, Pierre-Louis |
| Abstract: | Economic challenges as a result of the recent fluctuations in oil prices have exposed unprecedented risks to Kuwait and the other Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states, including securing long-term sustainable access to and use of water and food resources. The strong interlinkages between the availability of water, energy, and food resources have been termed the Water–Energy–Food (WEF) nexus. Here, we characterise the nexus for Kuwait across different spatial scales, reviewing available literature and focussing on empirical data from the most widely used global and regional databases on water, energy and food. While there are certainly issues of water scarcity, trade-offs between sectors at the domestic level are limited. At the international scale, high oil export revenues shield Kuwait from the immediate impacts of higher prices in food imports, but they expose Kuwait to water scarcity and food production risks in other countries. At the global scale, we consider climate change mitigation linkages with Kuwait’s WEF nexus. Whilst there is great uncertainty about future international climate policy and its implications for oil and gas revenues in Kuwait, our analysis illustrates how implementation of policy measures to account for the social costs of carbon could be significant. |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2019–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:102852&r=all |
| By: | Shaha, Biplab Kumar; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Islam, H. M. Rakibul; Alam, Lubna; Ghosh, Alokesh Kumar; Ahmed, Khan Kamal Uddin; Bin Mokhta, Mazlin |
| Abstract: | The Sundarnbans mangrove forest has been an immense source of aquatic resources from time immemorial. Among the resources, harvesting of Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man 1879) plays an important role in the economy of the country, therefore, this investigation was carried out to assess the Gear Efficiency for Harvesting Artisanal Giant Freshwater Prawn Fisheries from the Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem in Bangladesh. Four types of non-mechanized crafts made of fourteen types of wood were found in harvesting Giant Freshwater Prawn. Crafts were varied from 6.25±0.35 to 8.2±0.71 m in length, 1.1±0.14 to 1.75±0.36 m in breadth and 0.65±1.07 to 1.55±3.16 m in depth with a carrying capacity of 0.40 - 1.00 MT with an economic life of 10±2.11 years. A total of eight types of gears, namely, Hookline, Behundijal, Badhajal, Charpata, Chandijal, Gillnet, Kathijal and KhalPata were found in Giant Freshwater Prawn fishing. Among them the Hookline was the only main primary active Giant Freshwater Prawn fishing gear while the rest of the seven gears were multi-species gears which harvest Giant Freshwater Prawn as a by-catch. Only 13.6% of 1,989 fishers were found to use Hookline; the rest, 86.4% of fishers used the seven other gears. They only harvest 3.24% Giant Freshwater Prawn as a bycatch. The highest daily harvest volume per boat (kg day-1 boat-1) was 1.00±0.96 for the Kathijal followed by 0.99±0.27 for the Badhajal and 0.99±0.42 for the Hookline. The highest annual catch per boat (kg boat-1 yr-1) which was 172.80±0.29 was recorded for the Hookline followed by 172.24±0.54 for the Chandijal and the lowest (152.08±0.21) for the Khalpata. Total annual catch by all the eight gears surveyed was estimated at 1318.60±0.37 kg from 1,428 unit gears, 545 individual boats and 1,989 individual fishers. Based on the above scenario, Hookline showed the best performance among the 8 gears used for Giant Freshwater Prawn harvesting in the Sundarbans by the small-scale artisanal fishery. It is believed that the findings and the recommendations of this study will be helpful to policy makers in improving the current status of Giant Freshwater Prawn fishery and relevant livelihood as well as conserving the SME ecosystem |
| Date: | 2019–02–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:cts59&r=all |
| By: | Murshed, Muntasir; Mredula, Farzana Awlad |
| Abstract: | The concept of sustainable development epitomizes theoretical frameworks advocating in favor of at least maintaining the rate of development attained in the previous period. Traditionally, development was viewed from a narrow dimension that focused primarily on the development of the economy. However, with time, development has gathered emphasis from a broader perspective incorporating economic, social and environmental welfares into consideration. However, corruption is perceived to be a major factor inhibiting sustainable development all around the globe. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the corruption-sustainable development nexus from the perspective of select 47 countries across Asia, Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The paper attempts to estimate the elasticities of socioeconomic and environmental development indicators with regard to corruption and other macroeconomic fundamentals using annual data from 2000 to 2015. In addition, the paper also tests the Environmental Kuznets’s Curve hypothesis in a panel framework and estimates the threshold levels of income at which the environmental degradation takes place with economic growth. Panel unit root and cointegration tests are used while the Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS) estimation technique is employed to calculate the associated elasticities. Moreover, in order to check the robustness of the relationships, Panel Vector-Error Correction Model (VECM) and Granger causality test are also considered to understand the short run and long-run causal associations between the variables. In light of the estimated results, corruption is found to have a negative relationship with socioeconomic development across the Asian, African and LAC subpanels. In addition, corruption negatively affects environmental development in the context of the Asian and African subpanels while positively affecting in context of the LAC subpanel. Moreover, the findings also suggest that the EKC hypothesis holds true only in the cases of the full panel and the LAC subpanel, with the threshold per capita GDP being around 12,000 US$ and 12,780 US$, respectively. Our paper also finds short run bidirectional causality between corruption and socioeconomic development in the context of all the countries cumulatively which did not hold to be true in the long run. Furthermore, corruption and CO2 emissions portray short bi-directional causality in context of the selected Asian economies and a unidirectional causality running from corruption to CO2 emission for all the economies as a whole. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Development Goals; Corruption |
| JEL: | P48 Q42 Q43 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:97419&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; bin Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan; Molla, Rafiqul Islam; Talib, Basri |
| Abstract: | The climatic factors are changing very rapidly in Malaysia. For the farmers to adapt with the changes, government and other external agencies are providing several supports. But still there is a gap between farmers’ adaptability with climate change and current level of supports. This study uses descriptive statistics, ordinal regression, and percentile analysis to measure the level of farmers’ adaptability to climate change as a result of the various existing supports and encouragements provided by the government and other external agencies, and new supports expected by farmers. The data were collected through questionnaire survey on 198 paddy producing farmers in the area of Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA), North-West Selangor, Malaysia. The study found that among current types of supports provided by different agencies, only farmers’ accessibility in the market is statistically significant for influencing their current adaptability to climatic changes. Though 58.6% of the farmers agree that government supports are enough to cope properly with climate change, 12.1% of farmers are not able to cope with climate change with the current level of supports. Farmers’ expectations of several new supports has no statistically significant influences on their current adaptability with climatic changes, but their priority ranking for these expected supports will help policymakers to determine the future supports for climatic change adaptation for agriculture sustainability and livelihood sustainability under adverse climatic changes scenarios, especially for Malaysia. |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:rx4a3&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Murad, Wahid; bin Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan |
| Abstract: | Climate change is proven to have had impacted the agricultural productivity, crop choice, and food security everywhere in the world. The nature, scale, frequency, and outcome of such impact differ significantly among countries, regions and areas within a country. This study is an effort to empirically investigate theses issues for Malaysia using both primary and secondary data collected from and relevant to the Integrated Agriculture Development Areas in the Northwest Selangor. The results reveal that climate change phenomenon such as natural disaster, drought, flood, pest attack, plant disease, and changing the time of crop cycle have adversely been impacting Malaysian agriculture and its productivity as well as profitability. Despite continuous increases of government subsidy as well as permission only for paddy production, the paddy planting area is decreasing as the agricultural farmers often experience adverse impacts of climatic variation. So, climate change phenomenon is also depressingly impacting the state of food security among the farmers. As climate change is universal and its existence is indefinite, the farmers need to adapt to and find ways to mitigate the damages of climatic variation in order for them to sustain agricultural productivity and attain food security |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:mdqpz&r=all |
| By: | Colignatus, Thomas |
| Abstract: | Family planning could focus on delaying the having of children, instead of (just) reducing the number of children per woman. 66% of all children are born in the mothers’ age group of 15-29. A delay of births to the age of 30+ would cause a reduction of the world population by about 0.8 billion in a direct effect. A secondary effect arises when the later born children grow up and have their delay too. There can also be a learning effect. World population might reduce from 11 to 8 billion in 2100. This would cut projected emissions by some 20%. The effect seems important enough to have more research on reasons, causes and consequences of such delay. Strong delay will cause swings in the dependency ratio, which would require economic flexibility, like a rising retirement age from 65 to 70 years. Article 26 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 stipulates the right to education. This right need not be discussed anew. It may be that education does not adequately discuss family planning though. |
| Keywords: | family planning, fertility, birth delay, climate change, population, carbon tax, fertility tax, political economy |
| JEL: | J11 J13 P16 Q01 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2019–12–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:97447&r=all |
| By: | Lahcen El Iysaouy (University of Mohammed V); Najiba El Idrissi (USMBA - Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah); Manuela Tvaronavičienė (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University); Mhammed Lahbabi (USMBA - Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah); Abdelmajid Oumnad (University of Mohammed V) |
| Abstract: | A major challenge for humanity in the twenty-first century is to combine energy with respect for the environment. During the Rio Earth Summit (2012) the issue of sustainable development was clearly demonstrated. One of the major battles this century for the planet's survival is to include energy efficiency as an international policy priority in order to achieve a significant decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. In this paper, we have presented the current state and outlook of energy efficiency in the transport, residential and industrial sectors, as well as its policy for each sector in Morocco. New strategies implemented by the government for sustainable development were reviewed and discussed. Through these strategies, the shift to energy efficiency is at the forefront of national policy implications for energy security and a low-carbon economy. |
| Keywords: | Morocco,ggreenhouse gases,energy consumption,energy efficiency,low-carbon,energy policy |
| Date: | 2019–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02189638&r=all |
| By: | Pillai N., Vijayamohanan; AM, Narayanan |
| Abstract: | One positive impact of the 1973 oil crises has been the concerted effort across the world to reduce energy consumption through energy use efficiency improvements. Improving energy efficiency ensures the objective of conserving energy and thus promoting sustainable development. Recognition of this fact has now appeared in terms of including the aim of improving efficiency as an important component of electrical energy policy in all the countries across the globe. Conserving electrical energy through energy efficiency measures can meet the high challenge of increasing energy demands at reasonable costs in a sustainable manner. Moreover, improving energy efficiency also has the potential of reducing the environmental and health threats associated with the use of hydrocarbons and of encouraging clean energy systems. Improving energy efficiency is expected to reduce energy demand through its rational use in the end-use devices; every unit of energy input consumed will bring in greater amount of useful energy output. Such improvements can manage energy demand in better ways and contribute highly to a better environment. The present study is a documentation of the current pattern and trend of energy efficiency in the global, Indian and Kerala scenarios. |
| Keywords: | Energy efficiency, conservation, demand management, carbon emission, Kerala, India |
| JEL: | Q40 Q43 Q48 |
| Date: | 2019–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:97498&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Jaafar, Abdul Hamid; Talib, Basri; Bin Osman Salleh, Khairulmaini |
| Abstract: | The climatic factors are changing very rapidly in Malaysia. Agriculture which depends heavily on climate is becoming increasingly vulnerable to risk and uncertainty. In order to face and manage the situation, farmers are trying in various ways and government and other external agencies are providing several supports to adapt to these climatic vulnerabilities. However, there is still a gap between farmers’ adaptability and climate change. This study analyses paddy farmers’ perception of climatic variations and vulnerabilities and relevant supports and techniques to adapt to the situation. The data were collected through questionnaire survey on 198 paddy producing farmers in the area of Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA), North-West Selangor, Malaysia. This study uses descriptive statistics, ordinal regression, percentile, and scale analysis. The study finds that most farmers do not have a clear perception of the climatic changes and vulnerabilities. Farmers’ adaptation practices to climatic vulnerability are mostly based on their common sense responses. It suggests that farmers need necessary training and support from the government and international agencies to enable them to effectively adapt to the climatic vulnerability and avert any adverse effect on their socioeconomic sustainability and national food security. Farmers’ expectations of several new supports has no statistically significant influences on their current adaptability with climatic changes, but their priority ranking for these expected supports will help policymakers to determine future support for climatic change adaptation for agriculture sustainability and livelihood sustainability under adverse climatic change scenarios, especially for Malaysia. |
| Date: | 2019–02–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:atw5m&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Al-Amin, Abul Quasem |
| Abstract: | Climate Projection shows the impacts of climate change on agricultural sustainability and relevant livelihood sustainability is vulnerable in Malaysia. Here mitigation is necessary but adapting to future risk is more important for immediate and long term action relating to the larger number of stakeholders in local scale. Generally adaptation policy has different levels and approaches that related with different challenges. Several countries have already prepared their adaptation approaches in their own way. Malaysia is on the way to develop its adaptation policy for last couple of years. This paper focuses on few guidelines that need to examine carefully while determining the climatic change adaptation approach for agricultural sector in Malaysia. |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:3snja&r=all |
| By: | Shahriar, Shawon Muhammad; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia) |
| Abstract: | Climate change refers to a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns in terms of change in average weather conditions or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. Global warming, which refers to the rise in the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century, is one of the most visible impacts of climate change. Since the early 20th century, Earth’s mean surface temperature has increased by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980. Scientists are more than 90% certain that this warming of the climate system is primarily caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. Climate model projections summarized in the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicated that during the 21st century, the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 1.1 to 2.9 °C (2 to 5.2 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario and 2.4 to 6.4 °C (4.3 to 11.5 °F) for their highest |
| Date: | 2019–02–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:a9fj2&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Jaafar, Abdul Hamid; Talib, Basri; Bin Osman Salleh, Khairulmaini |
| Abstract: | Climate change has mixed impacts on agriculture and the impacts are different in terms of areas, periods and crops. The changing factors of climate have been exerting strong negative impacts on Malaysian agriculture, which is apprehended to result in shortages of water and other resources for long term, worsening soil condition, disease and pest outbreaks on crops and livestock, sea-level rise, and so on. Due to climate change, agricultural productivity and profitability is declining. Despite continuous increases of government subsidy, area of paddy plantation is decreasing and the adaption practices are ineffective. As climate change is universal and its existence is indefinite, the farmers need to adapt to and find ways to mitigate the damages of climatic variation in order to sustain agricultural productivity and attain food security for the |
| Date: | 2019–02–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:m5usz&r=all |
| By: | Nomaler, Onder (UNU-MERIT); Verspagen, Bart (UNU-MERIT, and SBE, Maastricht University) |
| Abstract: | We propose a method to identify the main technological trends in a very large (i.e., universal) patent citation network comprising all patented technologies. Our method builds on existing literature that implements a similar procedure, but for much smaller networks, each covering a truncated sub-network comprising only the patents of a selected technology field. The increase of the scale of the network that we analyse allows us to analyse so-called macro fields of technology (distinct technology fields related by a coherent overall goal), such as environmentally friendly technologies (Greentech). Our method extracts a so-called network of main paths (NMP). We analyse the NMP in terms of the distribution of Greentech in this network. For this purpose, we construct a number of theoretical benchmark models of trajectory formation. In these models, the ideas of homophily (Green patents citing Green patents) and path dependency (the impact of upstream Green patents in the network) play a large role. We show that a model taking into account both homophily and path dependence predicts well the number of Green patents on technological trajectories, and the number of clusters of Green patents on technological trajectories. |
| Keywords: | patent citations, citation networks, main path, technological change, green technology, climate change mitigation |
| JEL: | Q55 Q54 O31 O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2019–12–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2019051&r=all |
| By: | Maria Arvaniti (Chair of Economics/Resource Economics, ETH, Zurich and Center for Environmental and Resource Economics (CERE), Umea, Sweden.); Chandra K. Krishnamurthy (Beijer Institute for Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Department of Forest Economics, Swedish Agricultural University, SLU, Umea and Center for Environmental and Resource Economics (CERE), Umea, Sweden.); Anne-Sophie Crépin (Beijer Institute for Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm and Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm.) |
| Abstract: | We investigate how a resource user who is present-biased manages a renewable resource stock with variable growth that could undergo a reversible regime shift (an abrupt, persistent change in structure and function of the ecosystem supplying the resource). In a discrete-time quasihyperbolic discounting framework with no commitment device, and using only generic utility functions and stock transition with regime shifts, we show that there is a unique, time-consistent stationary Markov-Nash equilibrium extraction policy. Further, we find that the optimal extraction policy is increasing in the resource stock and in the degree of present bias. Overall, our results suggest that for characteristics of ecosystems commonly considered in the literature, presentbiased resource users will increase extraction when faced with regime shifts. |
| Keywords: | Renewable resources, Regime shifts, Hyperbolic Discounting, Present bias, Uncertainty, Markov Equilibrium |
| JEL: | Q20 C61 C73 |
| Date: | 2019–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eth:wpswif:19-329&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Molla, Rafiqul Islam; Talib, Basri; bin Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan |
| Abstract: | The climatic factors in Malaysia have been changing very rapidly affecting agricultural productivity and farmers’ sustainable livelihood. Agriculture which depends heavily on climate is becoming increasingly vulnerable to risk and uncertainty. In order to face and manage the situation farmers are trying in various ways to adapt to these climatic vulnerabilities. This study analyses paddy farmers’ perception of climatic variations and vulnerabilities and focuses on the techniques they use to adapt to the situation. It uses primary data collected through a questionnaire survey on the paddy farmers in the Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA), North-West Selangor in Malaysia. Through a descriptive analysis of the data, the study finds that most farmers do not have a clear perception of the climatic changes and vulnerabilities. Farmers’ adaptation practices to the climatic vulnerability are mostly based on their common sense responses. It suggests that farmers need necessary training and support from the government and international agencies to make them able to effectively adapt to the climatic vulnerability and avert any adverse effect on their socioeconomic sustainability and national food security. |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:3jmcv&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); bin Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan; Siwar, Chamhuri; Molla, Rafiqul Islam; Talib, Basri |
| Abstract: | The climatic factors are changing very rapidly in Malaysia. To adapt farmers with the changes, government and other external agencies are providing several kinds of supports, but yet the adaptability is not that high. Approach: To analyze the climate change adaptability of the farmers in Malaysia, this study uses primary data that have been collected through questionnaire survey on paddy farmers in the Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA), North-West Selangor, Malaysia. Data have been analyzed by using descriptive statistics and ordered regression. Results: Most farmers believe that buying additional fertilizer from market is not important for their current adaptation capability with climate change. As a consequence, 75.3% of the farmers never used extra fertilizer beyond the fully subsidized quantity. But, 41.4% farmers agree that government’s supports are not enough to adequately cope with climate change. Conclusion/ Recommendations: It is found that sustainability of agriculture and farmers’ livelihood are strongly dependent on the external supports. Therefore, farmers’ adaptability to climate change needs to be addressed through steps beyond the incentives and subsidies. Farmers need training and motivational supports for the necessary adaption. |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:8qekf&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Lubna; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Bin Mokhtar, Mazlin; Bar, Azizul; Kathijotes, Nicholas; Ta, Goh Choo; Ern, Lee Khai |
| Abstract: | Heavy metals are widely used in various industries and became a great concern all over the world due to environmental contamination. This study provides an assessment of seasonal variability and risks to human health associated with the exposure to heavy metals concentrated in Langat river water of Malaysia. The Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia kindly provided the heavy metal concentration data in water for this study. Several multivariate estimation such as an independent t test, box-and-whisker plot and Principal component analysis were carried out to evaluate the seasonal variation of metals concentration in water. The average value of ten analyzed metals was 250.81 µg/l and followed in order of abundance by August > Jun > February > October > April > December > March > May > September > January > July > November. The calculated HPI was 123.42, which is far above the critical index value of 100, indicating pollution with respect to heavy metals. Estimates of health risks associated with river water were summarized according to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health effects. No potential threat was detected for noncarcinogenic risk as the HI values calculated were <1. Potential carcinogenic risks associated with the ingestion and dermal absorption of heavy metals in water were evaluated probabilistically by performing 10,000 trails for Monte Carlo simulation where potential carcinogenic risk exists in case of Cd and As.It is necessary to take proper steps to reduce the pollution of heavy metals in Langat River. |
| Date: | 2019–02–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:zj4f6&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Molla, Rafiqul Islam; bin Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan |
| Abstract: | Climate and agriculture highly interrelated. Agriculture is highly dependent on the climatic factors. The climatic factors as well as other factors that are determined by climate cause vulnerability of agriculture and agricultural production. Using a survey method this study aims to determine the impacts of climatic change on agricultural vulnerability in the Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA), West Selangor, Malaysia. Results suggest that over the last 5 years vulnerability of the factors like, injurious insects, high temperature, soil fertility loss, and cost of input materials increased greatly due to climatic changes; and the vulnerability of the factors like shortage of rainfall, excessive rainfall, and labor scarcity increased moderately during this period. It is projected that due to climate change agricultural production sustainability will become vulnerable in Malaysia by 2020 |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:s7h4v&r=all |
| By: | Giovanni Mandras (European Commission - JRC); Andrea Conte (European Commission - JRC); Simone Salotti (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Coal accounts for nearly a quarter of the total electricity production in the EU and provides jobs to around 240,000 people in mines and power plants. The European Commission is working in order to ensure a smooth transition to cleaner forms of energy production and to implement innovative technologies such as carbon capture and storage to meet the commitment to reduce CO2 emissions by at least 40% by 2030. There are currently around 200 coal-fired power plants in more than 100 NUTS-2 EU regions and over 120 mines in 41 regions employing almost 240,000 workers in total. In 2017, the Platform for Coal Regions in Transition was launched to minimise the economic and social impact of decarbonisation. Reliable data are key for the management of the transition and estimates of the number of jobs indirectly related to coal activities are needed. This Policy Insight presents the indirect jobs estimated using the input-output (IO) data of the RHOMOLO-IO modelling framework. The estimates suggest that 215,000 additional jobs can be potentially affected by the shift away from coal towards a low-carbon economy. |
| Keywords: | region, growth, rhomolo, indirect jobs, coal, input-output analysis |
| JEL: | C67 C82 |
| Date: | 2019–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc118641&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Talib, Basri; Jaafar, Abdul Hamid; bin Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan |
| Abstract: | The agriculture of Malaysia is one of the most vulnerable sectors due to the rapid changes in climatic factors in Malaysia. In order to face and manage the situation, farmers are trying in various ways and government and other external agencies are providing several supports to adapt to these climatic vulnerabilities. Still, there is a gap between farmers’ adaptability and adverse impacts of climatic change. Here, sustainability of agriculture and relevant livelihood is strongly dependent on the external supports, and farmers also expect to increase this level. Now, the focus on farmers’ adaptability to climate change needs to go beyond the incentive and subsidy. They also need trainings, conceptual supports, and technological innovations. This study finds out the required supports that farmers need to adapt to climate change through a questionnaire survey on 198 paddy producing farmers in the area of Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA), North-West Selangor, Malaysia. The data of the study has been analyzed by descriptive statistics, ordered regression, percentile, and scale analysis. The findings of the study are important for the policy makers and relevant agencies. |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:m3dgn&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Talib, Basri; Mokhtar, Mazlin; bin Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan |
| Abstract: | Malaysia is one of the highly vulnerable countries due to climatic changes. Here the changes in climate factors cause adverse impacts on agricultural sustainability and relevant livelihood sustainability. To adapt to these changes a prudent adaptation policy is very important. Several countries follow different adaptation policy based on their localized socioeconomic and geographical status. While defining its adaptation policy, Malaysia also needs to consider several crucial factors. This study discusses issues relevant to the farmers’ adaptation to climate change in Malaysia and also provides few recommendations that will help policy makers to prepare the agricultural adaptation policy for climate change |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:gjcd5&r=all |
| By: | Noubissi Domguia, Edmond; Poumie, Boker |
| Abstract: | This work aims firstly to determine the contribution of military spending to environmental degradation in Africa. In a second step, he looks for the transmission mechanism of such an impact. To do this, we used the estimation methods of GMMs in the system and structural VARs. The study showed a positive and significant impact of military spending on indicators of the selected environment (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane). Thus, military spending contributes to environmental degradation in Africa despite the fact that no country in Africa is a producer of weapons. Controlling military spending is therefore a major challenge for the protection of the environment in Africa. In addition, economic growth plays an important role in the transmission of military expenditure shocks. |
| Keywords: | economic growth, military spending, environmental degradation, Africa. |
| JEL: | O1 O44 |
| Date: | 2019–12–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:97455&r=all |
| By: | Colombo, Luca; Labrecciosa, Paola; Long, Ngo Van |
| Abstract: | We propose a dynamic model of climate change abatement in which the number of contributors is endogenous and thus may differ between two modes of cooperation, namely, loose vs tight. In the tight mode of cooperation, each member is prescribed a specific target, whereas in the loose one, members choose their own abatement levels as Nash players. Conditions exist such that the incentive to free ride is lower and the number of contributors is higher in the loose cooperation framework, and this can lead to higher welfare, both in the steady state and along the transition path. Our theoretical results suggest that the loose coalition mode, such reflected in the spirit of the Paris International COP21 Conference on Climate Change, by attracting more participants, could turn out to be more effective in reducing emissions than the Kyoto Protocol. |
| Keywords: | differential games, pollution abatement, climate change, mode of cooperation |
| JEL: | Q2 Q52 C73 |
| Date: | 2019–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hiasdp:hias-e-92&r=all |
| By: | Gianluca ORSATTI |
| Abstract: | The present paper investigates the relationship between public R&D and the diffusion of green knowledge. To do so, we exploit information contained in green patents filed at the European Patent Office from 1980 to 1984. The diffusion of green knowledge is measured by meaning of patent citations. The level of public R&D is instrumented through the policy reaction to the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident – that affected the level of public R&D in the energy generation domain – in a difference in differences setting. Results show that a 10% increase in public R&D increases by around 0.7% the number of citations to green patents. Moreover, increasing public R&D fosters the diffusion of green knowledge across traditional (non-green) domains and increases the average technological distance of inventions citing green patents. This evidence suggests that public R&D is a driver of green knowledge diffusion, accelerates the hybridization of traditional innovation processes and fosters technological diversification. |
| Keywords: | Public R&D, Green innovation, Knowledge diffusion, Patent citations, Environmental policy, Green R&D |
| JEL: | O30 O32 O33 O38 Q55 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:grt:wpegrt:2019-17&r=all |
| By: | Arouna, Aminou; Aboudou, Rachidi |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295793&r=all |
| By: | Chukwuone, Nnaemeka Andegbe; Amaechina, Ebele C. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295878&r=all |
| By: | Utami, Ristianawati Dwi |
| Abstract: | The main issues of this study is how cognitive and affective factors influence green products purchase. The objectives of this study are: (1) examine the influence of environmental knowledge on green purchase intention based on gender differences as a moderating variable, (2) examine the influence of environmental concerns on on green purchase intention based on gender differences as a moderating variable, (3) examine the influence of attitude on green purchase intention based on gender differences as a moderating variable, (4) examine the influence of gender on green purchase intentions. The sample was 200 respondents consisted of 100 students of the Faculty of Business and Information Technology UTY and 100 people from Notoprajan Yogyakarta. The sampling method used purposive sampling and hypothesis testing models used Moderation Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of this study are (1) environmental knowledge does not significantly influence green purchasing intention when moderated by gender with pvalue (0.560)> 0.05, (2) environmental concern does not significantly influence green purchase intentions when moderated by gender with pvalue (0.578)> 0.05, (3) green purchase attitude are not significantly influence green purchase intentions when moderated by gender with pvalue (0.781)> 0.05, (4) gender diferences are not influence green purchase behavior with pvalue (0.628)> 0.05. These results contrast with previous findings Tikka (2000) who explains that men are more likely to have more envormental knowledge compared with woman. The findings also do not support research cby Mohai (1992) and Stern (1992) who found that women are more concerned about the environment than men and Mustafa (2007) which states that women express greater environmental concern than men . But research is supported by the findings of Chen and Chai (2010) that there is no difference between the attitude of male students and female students on the environment and green products. |
| Date: | 2017–11–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:inarxi:3u2tq&r=all |
| By: | Gebretsadik, Kidanemariam Abreha (School of Economics and Business, Norwegian University of Life Sciences) |
| Abstract: | There are debates about climate-led resource scarcity and users’ behavior. Common pool resources (CPRs) are of particular interest in this regard as climate change may increase existing challenges. One reason for this is that CPR users may change their behavior in ways that affect other users. This paper looks at communal irrigation as a CPR in Ethiopia, where reduced availability of water may lead to unfair water allocations. Unfairness could lead to envy, which may pose extra problems for sustainable water management. I therefore conducted a joy-of-destruction game involving 192 randomly selected household heads (players) that mimic burning of another’s possession. Using a random draw, players were grouped into either the scarce water condition or abundant water condition. Within each group I randomly paired two players to play the game. This hypothetical game asks if the player in the group is willing to damage the other group’s irrigation field to maximize his/her own benefit. Both descriptive and econometrics methods of analysis were employed. Surprisingly, I found that players display less envious behavior when there is water scarcity than abundance. This is an astounding result and the possible explanation could be that the participating farmers in the experiment were not fully detached from their real-life perceptions. Both variables, water condition and amount of deduction, significantly influence the players’ decisions. The paper has implications on possible interventions of CPRs management, and suggests the need for further work on methodological aspects to enhance external validity in field games. |
| Keywords: | Climate; Scarcity; Common Pool Resources; Irrigation Water; Envy; Joy-of-Destruction; Tigray; Ethiopia |
| JEL: | C79 C93 D91 Q25 Q54 |
| Date: | 2019–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nlsseb:2019_005&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Talib, Basri; bin Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan |
| Abstract: | Climate change has mixed impacts on agriculture that differ among the areas, periods, and crops. The changing factors of climate, especially rainfall and temperature, have been causing very strong negative impacts on Malaysian agriculture. Projection shows that the gap between current and potential yields will increase more in future that would lead to an unsustainable nature of agriculture in Malaysia. Based on the time series linear and log linear OLS regression model, this paper discusses the impacts of rainfall and temperature on the paddy sector by using the micro data of IADA at North West Selangor, Malaysia from 1992 to 2007. This study found that the output of micro data varies with the aggregate data, and concludes that both temperature and rainfall have significant negative impacts on paddy production. It also provides policy recommendations and action plans to adapt and to cope properly with the changing nature of climate factors |
| Date: | 2019–02–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:5bf8e&r=all |
| By: | Siwar, Chamhuri; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Murad, Wahid; Al-Amin, Abul Quasem |
| Abstract: | The issues of climate change, agricultural sustainability and poverty in Malaysia are found to have been connected one with other in an interesting and circular way. The quantitative determination of the linkages between these three factors is certainly a difficult task, which is beyond the scope of the present study. This study is thus primarily aimed at reviewing the linkages between climate change, agricultural sustainability and poverty in Malaysia. Some issues requiring further investigation in order to clearly understand the linkages between climate change, agricultural sustainability and poverty have been suggested. These have been developed with particular reference to appraisals concerned with the development and implementation of social policy, programmes and practices relevant to these three issues. The study closes with some concluding remarks |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:28vwc&r=all |
| By: | Ochi, John E.; Zaman, E.Y. |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Health Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295937&r=all |
| By: | Garnadi, Agah D.; Lealdi, Dedi; Nurdiati, Sri; Sopaheluwakan, Ardhasena |
| Abstract: | Rainfall is an element of climate which is highly influential to the agricultural sector. Rain pattern and distribution highly determines the sustainability of agricultural activities. Therefore, information on rainfall is very useful for agriculture sector and farmers in anticipating the possibility of extreme events which often cause failures of agricultural production. This research aims to identify the biases from seasonal forecast products from ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) rainfall forecast and to build a transfer function in order to correct the distribution biases as a new prediction model using quantile mapping approach. We apply this approach to the case of Bali Island, and as a result, the use of bias correction methods in correcting systematic biases from the model gives better results. The new prediction model obtained with this approach is better than ever. We found generally that during rainy season, the bias correction approach performs better than in dry season. |
| Date: | 2018–01–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:inarxi:n3g2k&r=all |
| By: | Muehlegger, Erich; Rapson, David |
| Abstract: | Policy makers consider electric vehicles (EVs) an important policy lever to reduce urban air pollution, lower carbon emissions, and reduce overall petroleum consumption. The need to understand purchase patterns for EVs is especially important in light of the bold policy targets set for increasing EV penetration or phasing out internal combustion engines (ICEs) entirely in countries around the world and in California. This policy brief summarizes findings from the project which analyzed data on every EV, including plug-in hybrid (PHEV) and battery electric vehicle (BEV), purchased in California from 2011 to 2015 and random samples of comparable conventional and hybrid vehicles. It examined the proliferation of EVs during a period in which the market has matured to include new technologies, a growing secondary market has evolved, and a suite of policies has been put in place to promote switching away from gasoline-powered cars. Researchers analyzed the data to answer two questions. First, is the conventional wisdom, which suggests that EV adoption is more common among high-income households and less common among minority groups, reflected in purchase data? Second, do two plausible barriers impede low-income and minority car buyers’ adoption of EVs: price discrimination against groups traditionally unlikely to purchase EVs and availability of EVs at dealerships near low-income or minority communities. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Automobile dealers, Consumer behavior, Electric vehicles, Market assessment, Plug-in hybrid vehicles, Travel behavior, Used cars, Used vehicle industry |
| Date: | 2019–11–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt1q259456&r=all |
| By: | Jones, Ashley Allen |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao19:296824&r=all |
| By: | Cannon, Alex J. (Environment and Climate Change Canada) |
| Abstract: | The goal of quantile regression is to estimate conditional quantiles for specified values of quantile probability using linear or nonlinear regression equations. These estimates are prone to "quantile crossing", where regression predictions for different quantile probabilities do not increase as probability increases. In the context of the environmental sciences, this could, for example, lead to estimates of the magnitude of a 10-yr return period rainstorm that exceed the 20-yr storm, or similar nonphysical results. This problem, as well as the potential for overfitting, is exacerbated for small to moderate sample sizes and for nonlinear quantile regression models. As a remedy, this study introduces a novel nonlinear quantile regression model, the monotone composite quantile regression neural network (MCQRNN), that (1) simultaneously estimates multiple non-crossing, nonlinear conditional quantile functions; (2) allows for optional monotonicity, positivity/non-negativity, and generalized additive model constraints; and (3) can be adapted to estimate standard least-squares regression and non-crossing expectile regression functions. First, the MCQRNN model is evaluated on synthetic data from multiple functions and error distributions using Monte Carlo simulations. MCQRNN outperforms the benchmark models, especially for non-normal error distributions. Next, the MCQRNN model is applied to real-world climate data by estimating rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves at locations in Canada. IDF curves summarize the relationship between the intensity and occurrence frequency of extreme rainfall over storm durations ranging from minutes to a day. Because annual maximum rainfall intensity is a non-negative quantity that should increase monotonically as the occurrence frequency and storm duration decrease, monotonicity and non-negativity constraints are key constraints in IDF curve estimation. In comparison to standard QRNN models, the ability of the MCQRNN model to incorporate these constraints, in addition to non-crossing, leads to more robust and realistic estimates of extreme rainfall. |
| Date: | 2017–12–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:eartha:wg7sn&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Molla, Rafiqul Islam; Rahman, Khandaker Mizanur; Murad, Wahid |
| Abstract: | Population explosion of the last century necessitated adoption of a population stabilization policy internationally but without due consideration of its paradoxical impacts on future world economic and environmental sustainability and progress of civilization. Population stabilization policy makes world fertility level (projected) to fall below the replacement level by 2043. This will result in a declining work-age population endangering economic and environmental sustainability particularly during 2050 and beyond. This study has made an attempt to highlight this paradox of population stabilization policy in terms of its impacts on economic and environmental sustainability. It analyses the catch of the need for a declining population in order to maintain a stable population. It also analyses the time taking process of changing fertility habit of the human community under the concepts of „child bearing habitual gap‟ and „work-age formation gap‟. It argues that for a progressive and sustainable world economy a greater and rising work-age population is required and observes that world needs to maintain population growth at a rate balanced in terms of countries and earth‟s absorption capacity. |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:wczfy&r=all |
| By: | Bladimir Carrillo; Daniel Da Mata; Lucas Emanuel; Daniel Lopes; Breno Sampaio |
| Abstract: | We study the health consequences of one of the largest environmental disasters of the world mining industry, which largely stemmed from regulatory failure. Exploiting the timing and location of the Mariana mine tailings dam collapse in Brazil, we show that in utero exposure to the tragedy significantly reduced birth weight and increased infant mortality. The adverse effects were stronger for infants born to less educated and single mothers. These findings indicate that poorly enforced environmental regulation may have long-term welfare impacts on local communities. |
| Keywords: | Birth weight; Preventable disasters; Mining; In utero exposure |
| JEL: | I18 I15 J13 Q50 |
| Date: | 2019–12–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000518:017698&r=all |
| By: | Kucera, Mike |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao19:296823&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Talib, Basri; Jaafar, Abdul Hamid |
| Abstract: | The changing nature of climatic factors has different impacts on agriculture based areas, periods and crops. Farmers are the most vulnerable group who are affected both directly and indirectly through climatic changes. In the study area in Malaysia, climatic changes have adverse impacts on farmers. Due to climatic change, productivity and profitability of paddy cultivation have declined in the Integrated Agricultural Development Area, North-West Selangor. Farmers perceive that paddy cultivation is no longer profitable due to low productivity as a result of climatic changes. They now prefer full-time to part-time engagement in paddy cultivation. Heavy government subsidy and encouragement are not enough; it requires increase in productivity and profitability of paddy cultivation for making it a viable and sustainable sector. All efforts of mitigation and adaptation must be pursued to counter the adverse impacts of climatic changes and increase the productivity of paddy cultivation in the area. It is observed that there is a high degree of income inequality among the paddy farmers in the study area. |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:kv5gf&r=all |
| By: | Kehinde, Mojisola O.; Shittu, Adebayo M. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295701&r=all |
| By: | Julia Jouan; Julia Heinrichs; Wolfgang Britz; Christoph Pahmeyer |
| Abstract: | Legumes can limit the impact of agricultural systems on the environment by limiting N fertilization, diversifying crop rotation and substituting imported protein-rich feed. However, their production remains low in the European Union, which led to specific policies. France established Voluntary Coupled Support scheme for legumes. Germany did not introduce a coupled support, but provides more favorable implementation of the Nitrates Directive for legumes by allowing spreading manure on these crops. Our study assesses economic and environmental impacts of the coupled support and measures of the Nitrates Directive affecting legume production in France and Germany. We employ the bio-economic model FarmDyn, parameterized for a typical dairy farm in France and Germany. Legumes are introduced as cash crops and on-farm feed, highlighting interactions between crop and animal productions. Different levels of coupled support per hectare were analyzed and the French versus the German implementation of the Nitrates Directive were compared. Results suggest that voluntary coupled support leads to an increase in legume production but to a lesser extend in the German farm than in the French farm, due to higher opportunity costs of legumes. In both farms, the increase in legume production leads to limited environmental benefits: nitrogen leaching and global warming potential slightly decrease. In the French farm, the German implementation of the Nitrates Directive fosters legume production. Thus, this study shows that allowing manure spreading on legumes can help reaching high legume production in livestock farms. However, this further increase in legume production does not lead to environmental benefits. Thus, allowing manure spreading on legumes to increase their production should be justified by other goals such as improving the protein self-sufficiency of the farm. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Livestock Production/Industries, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2019–12–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubfred:298428&r=all |
| By: | Sari F. Madsen (Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen); Niels Strange (Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen); Jesper S. Schou (Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen) |
| Abstract: | Global biodiversity is under pressure from human activities, and despite the expansion of protected areas, investment in nature conservation and restoration, and allocation of economic resources for managing existing conservation is insufficient. Therefore, volunteers can play an important role as a resource in nature conservation projects if their recreational activities interact with the objectives of nature management. In recent years, the number of volunteers in conservation work has increased in Denmark, with more people volunteering to contribute to nature conservation projects. Ensuring that volunteers remain motivated and engaged is crucial to the success of such conservation projects. In this study, we evaluate the motivation among members of grazing organisations, an activity which represent the most prominent voluntary nature conservation initiatives in Denmark. We apply exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and ordinal regression to analyse survey data from 25 Danish grazing organisations. We find that five motivational factors are determining the engagement of the volunteers, namely social, nature value, instrumental, identification, and personal benefit. Whereas the social, nature value and personal benefit are factors also identified in the existing literature, the instrumental and identification factors add new perspectives to the motivation of environmental volunteers. We find that place attachment is an important driver, and that the chairpersons/coordinators of the grazing organisations especially emphasized the sharing of values and knowledge with their members as a driver. Last, volunteers were reluctant to support the idea of forming a more formal setup in terms of a “Grazing organisation union”. |
| Keywords: | Volunteers, Motivational Factors, Conservation, Grazing Organisations |
| JEL: | Z18 Z32 |
| Date: | 2019–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:foi:wpaper:2019_09&r=all |
| By: | Shaha, Biplab Kumar; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Islam, H. M. Rakibul |
| Abstract: | Harvesting Giant Freshwater Prawn, Golda (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man 1879) in the Sundarnbans mangrove forest plays an important role in the economy of the country as well as the livelihood of local community. The study focused the economic assessment of small-scale artisanal Golda fishery. Overall the Hookline gear showed the best performance in terms of economic return. However, it was found to withstand a shock from 20% decrease in market prices or 30% fall in catch rate in terms of Return on investment, payback period and Benefit-cost ratio. Operating cost and fixed cost for Hookline fishery was the lowest and Khathijal was the highest. No significant variation (P<0.05) observed in the mean catch rate per trip boat-1 among the gears studied. Total revenue earned after completion a trip varied considerably between BDT 1,307 to 1,562. Yearly, total net revenue reached at the maximum by Hookline (BDT 38,506), followed by Chandijal (BDT 38,377) and the minimum by Khalpata (BDT 33,885). The findings of this study are supposed to be helpful for policy makers in improving the current status of Golda fishery and relevant human livelihood as well as conserving the Sundarbans Mangrove Ecosystem. |
| Date: | 2019–02–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:txa5v&r=all |
| By: | Schneider, Nathan (University of Colorado Boulder) |
| Abstract: | for Care for the World: Laudato Si’ and Catholic Social Thought in an Era of Climate Crisis, edited by Frank Pasquale (Cambridge University Press, 2019) At several key moments in Laudato Si’, Pope Francis makes passing reference to cooperative economics – when speaking of a more human relationship with technology, for instance, and in relation to sustainable energy production. Reading these in light of his past statements on economic cooperation, it is evident that “cooperative,” for him, is no vague nicety; rather, he is referring to a robust tradition of Catholic economic thought grounded in distributed ownership of the means of production and the precedence of persons over capital. This essay reviews the contours of the tradition that the pope is referring to, beginning with his own past statements on cooperative enterprise. It considers the foundations in biblical narratives of the early church; notions of the commons in early canon law; economic practices in monastic cultures; Catholic leadership in the emergence of modern cooperation; and the current, complex interactions between Catholic thought and the secular resurgence of cooperative economics. In addition to tying together historical threads, it draws from reporting on contemporary cooperative enterprise and on Francis’s pre-papal history with cooperativism in Argentina. Cooperative economics is a central yet under-appreciated backdrop to what the pope attempted to accomplish in Laudato Si’, and a vital component of the hope for “integral ecology” that he envisions. |
| Date: | 2019–02–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:jhrmd&r=all |
| By: | Kirkendall, Jeremy |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao19:296815&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Morshed, Golam; Siwar, Chamhuri; Murad, Wahid |
| Abstract: | The share of agriculture to GDP is continuously declining in Malaysia, but agricultural sector is very crucial to ensure food security, employment generation, socioeconomic improvement, economic growth, poverty reduction, and overall achievement of vision 2020. The East Coast Economic Region (ECER) represents 34% of total national agricultural area, which has a good potentiality to improve productivity and reduce high poverty intensity in this area. Realizing the importance, Malaysian government has taken a large development project in the ECER region in 2006, but much is not known about the project due to limited number of study and unavailability of official performance report of the project. Hence this study is an attempt to explore one of the niche areas, which is agricultural crops sector. The major initiatives of agricultural crops sector include establishing three agro valleys as major vegetable and short-term crop growing areas. These involve organized modern farming methods in a sustainable manner to improve efficiency and productivity of agricultural production of paddy, vegetables, and fruits. The prospects of the project are also very much anticipative, because the size of domestic market has grown in recent years. But there are lots of challenges to meet the target of the project. Institutional supports, physical infrastructural supports like transportations, irrigations, and preservation facilities are not adequate in this area. To meet the target and to ensure the success of the projects, some more initiatives for improvements and proper management are also necessary. These include, for example, farmer‟s cooperative or institutional involvement for marketing the crops, financial supports and subsidies, cooperation among agents and departments, training to avoid environment degradations, and adaptation techniques to cope with adverse effects of climatic changes, etc. It is expected that the relevant government authority and agencies, especially the ECER project authority, will be highly benefited from the findings of the study |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:njykd&r=all |
| By: | Yusuf, T.M.; Olowoake, A.A. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295709&r=all |
| By: | Indahsari, Fannyta Ayu |
| Abstract: | Program IPAL di kampung hijau rungkut mapan barat |
| Date: | 2019–10–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:kecy2&r=all |
| By: | Islam, H. M. Rakibul; Khan, Masud Hossain; Roy, Debashis; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Ahmed, Khan Kamal Uddin; Mahmud, Yahia; Bashar, M. A.; Shah, M. S. |
| Abstract: | In shrimp culture, various diseases, white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in particular, has been emerging as a serious constraint affecting shrimp culture in Bangladesh. In this study, effort has been given assessing the risk factors for WSSV outbreak under which 72 farms were investigated belonging 4 Upazilas of Bagerhat (Kochua, Rampal, Fakirhat) and Khulna (Paikgacha) district of Bangladesh from January to June 2011. Major scenario depicted improved traditional culture method. PCR test has been carried out to confirm WSSV infection. About 20 factors were considered in assessing the association of WSSV outbreak. Study revealed significant correlation with some factors like accessibility of cattle (r=0.630, p≤.01) and linked up with other ghers (r=0.754, p≤.01) within a cluster (Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient test). Pearson Correlation coefficient for salinity found to have significant correlation with the risk of WSSV infection (r= -0.727, p≤.01), followed by temperature (0.624, p≤.01) and average depth (-0.618, p≤.01), however, feeding kept 30.6% farms away from the outbreak followed by sludge removal (26.39% farms). On the contrary, uses of river water directly into the ghers pose 38.9% risk of being attacked which is absolutely nill and 1.4% for the underground and rain water respectively. Disease prone months found in March to June and out of the four upazilas, Fakirhat found to be less infected due to better management. Therefore, ensuring proper gher management practice, virus free Pl, awareness buildup at the farmer level and community based farm management development can act as preventive measures in reducing the risk of WSSV infection. |
| Date: | 2019–02–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:3yce9&r=all |
| By: | Mailu, Stephen; Kinusu, Kevin; Muhammad, Lutta |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295734&r=all |
| By: | Izzati, Titia; suprihatiningsih, wiwit; Pratama, Aggasta Rafka Adam; Prambudi, Bagas Enggar; novandi, sandi; Utomo, Yusuf Eko |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this research is to analyze the quality of water in residential areas and industries, East Jakarta. Research was conducted to analyze the quality of pH, Ec, TDS, the temperature using a multimeter (waterproof tester). The results of this research are as follows: 1. The value of pH (8.0-8.9), EC (340 μS-144 μS), the value of TDS (171 ppm-438 ppm), the value of temperature (30.10°C -31.54 °C). 2. Industrial activity and population affect water quality. The water in the area of East Jakarta still safe used/consumed. |
| Date: | 2017–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:inarxi:kajyb&r=all |
| By: | Topik, Chris |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao19:296863&r=all |
| By: | Gariba, Jamaldeen M.; Amikuzuno, Joseph |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295688&r=all |
| By: | zulfikar, rizka |
| Abstract: | This research is a qualitative-quantitative descriptive to examine the comparison the level of green attitude, attention and behavior between government employees and the private sector. This research was conducted in South Kalimantan province from October 2018 to June 2019 using sample as many as 334 respondents consisting of 163 government employees and 171 private employees. These sample were taken by purposive sampling technique and using a questionnaire as an instrument. The data analysis technique is done by using (1) Descriptive qualitative analysis to describe the distribution of respondents (2) Compare means analysis to see the green attitude level, attention and behavior of each type of work (3) Kolmogrov-Smirnov Test to see the differences between the level of green attitude, attention and behavior of government and private employees and (3) Stuctural Equation Model to obtain a models which can be used to explained relationships between green attitude, attention and behavior. |
| Date: | 2019–10–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:h8ts6&r=all |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | Abstract |
| Date: | 2019–11–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:44971&r=all |
| By: | mahardika, mochamad noor fajar |
| Abstract: | OBSERVASI SALAH SATU KAMPONG MENERAPKAN GREEN CITY DI SURABAYA |
| Date: | 2019–10–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:js8p2&r=all |
| By: | Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); bin Toriman, Mohd Ekhwan; Siwar, Chamhuri; Talib, Basri |
| Abstract: | The decision of crop selection and the output of agricultural production are highly determined by the environmental factors, especially rainfall and water availability. In the tropical area, particularly in Malaysia, influences of these exogenous variables are so high that overall agricultural productions are now vulnerable. Crops are affected through rainfall in two different ways-high and low rainfalls. Avoiding the problem of low rainfall is nearly possible through irrigation, but over rainfall at the end of crop cycle causes destructive damages of the output. Approach: This study uses descriptive statistics to analyze the fact and uses unit root test to measure the predictability of rainfall. The raw data is taken from 8 stations from 1980 to 2007. Results: Shifting crop cycle is also not fruitful due to un-predictive changes of rainfall. All combination of crop cycle is also affected in a similar way. Government subsidy in agricultural sector is remarkably increasing, but farmers are not able to cope properly with the environmental changes, especially for the cash crops and seasonal crops production. Conclusion: Under this circumstance, in the short run, adaptation approaches should be followed in farmer level and policy level. In the long run, technological advancement will play the most crucial role to solve the problem. |
| Date: | 2019–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:yd78t&r=all |
| By: | Hossain, Istiaque; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Siwar, Chamhuri; Dey, Madan Mohan; Bin Mokhta, Mazlin; Jaafa, Abdul Hamid; Hossain, Yeamin |
| Abstract: | Objective: This objective of this study is to measure the productivity of water on the floodplain land in terms of fisheries and living aquatic resources based on two floodplain beels in Bangladesh. Methods: Among two beels, beel Mail is practicing community based fish culture management, and beel Chandpur is open access and improperly managed. The production and market price data of fish, snail, and aquatic plants were collected by direct observation based on 30 samples fishers in the year 2006-07. This study also collected production related water quality data, such as water temperature, pH and Dissolved Oxygen. Results: The water quality data are found within the normal range. Net aggregated water productivity values based on production costs was TK 8016.23 ha-1 and TK 3912.9 ha-1 and based on all cost TK 7160.97 ha-1 and TK 3741.13 ha-1 at beel Mail and beel Chandpur, respectively. The contribution of fish, snails and aquatic resources were 96.50%, 3.10%, and 0.40% of the gross aggregated water produced in beel Mail and 87.85%, 8.38%, and 3.77% in the beel Chandpur. The water productivity values in beel Mail is higher than the beel Chandpur due to the intervention of community based fish culture. Conclusion: The proper management and techniques of harvesting fish through appropriate number of fish fingerlings stocked, good quality of fish fingerlings, size of beel, good fencing and well defined embankment, etc. can help to improve the productivity of water in the beel areas. |
| Date: | 2019–02–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:fg2z4&r=all |
| By: | Kankwamba, Henry; Kornher, Lukas |
| Abstract: | Ending extreme hunger requires the interaction of both household and community level infrastructural investments. When communities and households are capital infrastructure constrained, the effects of extreme events such as droughts can fetter consumption growth and food security. This paper, assesses the impact of seasonal weather shocks on food security conditional on access to public physical infrastructure. The study uses fixed effects regression techniques on representative Malawian panel data collected between 2010 and 2016. The study uses three key indicators of food security namely food consumption expenditure shares, the Berry Index of dietary variety, and the Shannon Entropy Index. To measure idiosyncratic and covariate shocks, self-reported survey data and high-resolution station based standardized precipitation – evapotranspiration index were used. To measure infrastructure, survey data, triangulated with remote sensed night time lights, were used to construct an infrastructure index in a logistic regression framework. Results show that assuming minimal infrastructure a standard deviation deficit in the one to three-month interval drought reduces consumption by 26%. Assuming normal historical weather conditions, infrastructure improves economic access to food by 15%. Thus, conditional on infrastructure, the impacts of extreme weather events on food security are reduced by 54%. |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Farm Management, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2019–12–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubzefd:298452&r=all |
| By: | Guo, B.; Castagneto Gissey, G. |
| Abstract: | This Cost pass-through rates give a useful perspective of market competition. This paper studies how generation costs are passed through to electricity wholesale prices in Great Britain, both theoretically and empirically, between 2015 and 2018. Our empirical results fail to reject the null of 100% pass-through rates for gas prices, carbon prices, and exchange rates, indicating a competitive GB wholesale electricity market. We observe higher pass-through rates in peak compared to off-peak periods, and argue this results from generators bidding at a lower rate during off-peak periods and supplying at minimum load to avoid the cost of shutting down and starting up. We extend the analysis by assessing generators’ bidding behaviour. The study also considers how two key events occurred during the examined period – the 2016 Brexit referendum, and major reformation of the EU Emission Trading System – have affected electricity costs to a typical domestic household, showing they have increased average annual bills by £41 p.a., constituting a 7% rise. |
| Keywords: | Electricity market, Cost pass-through, Competition, Carbon price, VECM |
| JEL: | L13 Q48 D41 H23 C32 |
| Date: | 2019–12–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:1997&r=all |
| By: | Hermawan, Hary (Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata AMPTA Yogyakarta, Indonesia) |
| Abstract: | Loyalty has become a serious concern for the managers of tourist villages because the loyalty of tourists is a guarantee of tourism business to be sustainable. The purpose of this study is to examine how the loyalty of tourists can be created by the factors of the tourist attraction, safety, and amenities, with loyalty as an intervening, on the model of Community-Based Tourism development in Gunung Api Purba Nglanggeran Tourism Village. The analytical method used is path analysis with Partial Least Square (PLS) software tool. The results showed that the tourist attraction is a dominant factor that gives a positive influence on the loyalty of tourists through intervention variable satisfaction. Other factors studied, namely safety and tourist facilities are not proven to affect the loyalty of tourists. This research recommends that loyalty of tourists can be achieved through efforts to improve the quality of tourist attraction. |
| Date: | 2018–02–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:inarxi:9s725&r=all |
| By: | Yoko Kijima (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan) |
| Abstract: | Since 2008, JICA has made great efforts toward doubling rice production in Sub-Saharan Africa in 10 years. This study explains JICA's approach and projects and reviews the research findings on JICA's rice training projects. The trainings on rice cultivation practices increased the rice production of the training participants, not only in the short term but also in the long term. The training benefits seem to spill over to the neighbors within the same irrigation scheme. When introducing upland rice to areas where rice was not grown, selecting areas suitable for rice cultivation is a key for sustainable adoption and production. |
| Date: | 2019–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ngi:dpaper:19-25&r=all |
| By: | Schaefli, Bettina; Manso, Pedro; Fischer, Mauro; Huss, Matthias; Farinotti, Daniel |
| Abstract: | High elevation or high latitude hydropower production (HP) strongly relies on water resources that are influenced by glacier melt and are thus highly sensitive to climate warming. Despite of the wide-spread glacier retreat since the development of HP infrastructure in the 20th century, little quantitative information is available about the role of glacier mass loss for HP. We provide the first regional quantification for the share of Alpine hydropower production that directly relies on the waters released by glacier mass loss, i.e. on depletion of long-term ice storage that cannot be replenished by precipitation in the coming decades. Based on the case of Switzerland (which produces over 50% of its electricity from hydropower), we show that since 1980, 3.0% to 4.0% (1.0 to 1.4 TWh yr-1) of the country-scale hydropower production was directly provided by the net glacier mass loss and that this share is likely to reduce substantially by 2040-2060. For the period 2070-2090, a production reduction of about 1.0 TWh yr-1 is anticipated. The highlighted regional differences, both in terms of HP share from glacier mass loss and in terms of timing of production decline, emphasize the need for similar analyses in other Alpine or high latitude regions. |
| Date: | 2017–12–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:eartha:7z96d&r=all |
| By: | Hermawan, Hary (Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata AMPTA Yogyakarta, Indonesia); Ghani, Yosef Abdul |
| Abstract: | This article tries to realize a solution how to make use of geology for eco-tourism and economic activities at the site management level. The paradigm in the management of geowisata is how the management of tourism is able to optimize the potential of nature (geology) to be added value for the economic welfare of local communities, as well as able to minimize the potential of natural damage. Therefore, this article attempts to recommend a geotourism management model. The management of geo-tourism is in five main focuses, including: formulating the natural potential that can be used for geotourism activities, formulating criteria of geo-tourism destinations, geo-tourism management, formulating activities in geo-tourism activities, and finally on indicators of success or from geo-tourism output. |
| Date: | 2018–05–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:inarxi:a5xd6&r=all |
| By: | Ho, Toan Manh (Thanh Tay University Hanoi) |
| Abstract: | Bài giới thiệu công bố mới của hai tác giả Phạm Thị Ly (Đại học Quốc gia Tp. Hồ Chí Minh) và Martin Hayden (Southern Cross University, Úc) phỏng vấn 20 nhà nghiên cứu KHXH&NV Việt Nam về trải nghiệm của họ khi làm khoa học. Published in SSHPA: https://sc.sshpa.com/post/5458. |
| Date: | 2019–04–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:f239w&r=all |
| By: | Liebenehm, Sabine; Weyori, Alirah Emmanuel; Waibel, Hermann |
| Keywords: | Livestock Production/Industries, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295691&r=all |
| By: | Yusuf, Ambali Olatunji; Eyitayo, Ayinde Opeyemi |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295702&r=all |
| By: | Shikuku, Kelvin Mashisia; Mwongera, Caroline |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaae19:295685&r=all |
| By: | Shivshanker Singh Patel; Parthasarathy Ramachandran |
| Abstract: | This article is addressing the problem of river sharing between two agents along a river in the presence of negative externalities. Where, each agent claims river water based on the hydrological characteristics of the territories. The claims can be characterized by some international framework (principles) of entitlement. These international principles are appears to be inequitable by the other agents in the presence of negative externalities. The negotiated treaties address sharing water along with the issue of negative externalities imposed by the upstream agent on the downstream agents. The market based bargaining mechanism is used for modeling and for characterization of agreement points. |
| Date: | 2019–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1912.05844&r=all |
| By: | Chloé Steux (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Franck Aggeri (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | L'éco-conception, qui consiste à intégrer l'environnement dans la conception d'un produit, constitue un levier majeur pour la transition écologique. Pourtant, le déploiement effectif de l'éco-conception au sein des organisations demeure aujourd'hui limité, celle-ci constituant encore un marché de niche. Les nombreux travaux qui cherchent à identifier les facteurs de succès de l'éco-conception semblent avoir sous-estimé certains obstacles. Dans cette communication, nous défendons la thèse que le cadrage dominant de l'éco-conception, qui repose sur deux hypothèses implicites (l'éco-conception est le produit de l'action volontaire d'entreprises isolées et elle s'appuie sur des outils et des critères de performance associés à l'analyse de cycle de vie) ne permet pas de rendre compte de l'ensemble des difficultés que rencontrent les organisations sur le terrain. En s'appuyant sur les travaux en management de l'innovation et de la conception et sur ceux du domaine de la sociologie économique, nous proposons dans un premier temps une autre conceptualisation de l'éco-conception qui nous permet ensuite d'identifier, à partir d'une enquête de terrain auprès d'experts en entreprise, les obstacles et les leviers possibles pour la conception et le déploiement de démarches d'éco-conception. |
| Keywords: | éco-conception,éco-responsable,produit vert,dispositifs,prescripteurs,conception innovante |
| Date: | 2019–09–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02324267&r=all |