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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Gerling, Charlotte; Wätzold, Frank |
| Abstract: | Climate change is a key threat for biodiversity. In order to mitigate this threat, ecologists suggest two conservation strategies: (1) enabling a species’ migration towards areas that will become suitable for the species as climatic conditions change and (2) creating climate refugia in which the species may persist even if the surrounding landscape is no longer climatically ideal. The policy instruments that could be used to implement these conservation strategies have so far not been evaluated comprehensively from an economic perspective. We develop a conceptual evaluation framework with the criteria ecological effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and dynamic incentives, which are criteria commonly applied in the economic analysis of environmental policy instruments. For each criterion, we develop of a set of specific evaluation criteria to assess policy instruments for species conservation under climate change. We apply the framework by conducting a conceptual analysis of three types of policy instruments – land purchases, offsets and conservation payments. A key finding of our analysis is that the degree to which a policy instrument is appropriate for species conservation depends strongly on the conservation strategy chosen. |
| Keywords: | ecological effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, dynamic incentives, enabling migration, climate refugia, habitat turnover, flexibility |
| JEL: | Q54 Q57 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019–08–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95512&r=all |
| By: | Alexander Krenek; Mark Sommer (WIFO); Margit Schratzenstaller |
| Abstract: | The need to reform EU funding and recent political developments such as Brexit and the withdrawal from the USA from the 2015 Paris climate agreement could revitalise the debate about the introduction of border carbon adjustments (BCA) for the European emission trading system (ETS). The introduction of a BCA would allow the EU to phase out current carbon leakage provisions of the ETS and to auction off all emission allowances, thus rendering the ETS a more effective unilateral tool to price and reduce carbon emissions. By using a dynamic new Keynesian (DYNK) model, we estimate that potential revenues of a BCA for the ETS would generate substantial and stable revenues. Given different assumptions about the development of the carbon intensity of non-EU production and different BCA designs we find that estimated revenues would suffice to finance between a third and all of current EU expenditures by the year 2027, thus allowing member countries to reduce their current contributions to the EU budget accordingly. Administered at the EU borders a BCA would represent a sustainability-oriented instrument to finance the EU allowing EU countries to cut more distortionary taxes such as those on labour, thereby increasing growth- and employment-friendliness of taxation. The proposed measure could thus contribute to tackle both environmental and fiscal challenges currently facing the EU. |
| Keywords: | EU budget, sustainability-oriented taxation, border carbon adjustment, EU revenue system, carbon pricing |
| Date: | 2019–08–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wfo:wpaper:y:2019:i:587&r=all |
| By: | Barbour, Elisa; Chatman, Daniel G.; Doggett, Sarah; Yip, Stella; Santana, Manuel |
| Abstract: | California’s Senate Bill (SB) 743, enacted in 2013, marks a historic shift in how the traffic impacts of development projects are to be evaluated and mitigated statewide. To help achieve state climate policy and sustainability goals, SB 743 eliminates traffic delay as an environmental impact under the California Environmental Quality Act. State implementing guidelines for SB 743 instead require an assessment of vehicle miles traveled (VMT). The adoption of the guidelines sparked debate and raised far-reaching questions about development planning. Our research consisted of four parts. First, we considered how the state guidelines might be applied by analyzing travel patterns across and within California cities in relation to the guidelines. We also interviewed fortythree professional transportation consultants and regional and local planners to provide insights on SB 743 implementation. In addition, we carried out extensive case studies of San Francisco and Pasadena, where policies had already been adopted to align with SB 743. Finally, to help assess the technical challenges involved in SB 743 implementation, we tested two VMT estimation tools in common use and considered the practical challenges facing tool users. We find that SB 743 implementation is likely to present some transitional challenges for city planners, but the long-term prospects for improving transportation planning as a result of the law are promising. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, California, Senate Bill 743, CEQA, vehicle miles of travel, traffic estimation, travel patterns, land use planning, policy analysis, climate change, sustainable transportation |
| Date: | 2019–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt4gj3n2n3&r=all |
| By: | Baustert, Paul; Gutiérrez, Tomás Navarrete; Gibon, Thomas; Chion, Laurent; Ma, Tai Yu; Mariante, Gabriel Leite; Klein, Sylvain; Gerber, Philippe; Benetto, Enrico |
| Abstract: | According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in 2010 the transport sector was responsible for 23% of the total energy-related CO2 emissions (6.7 GtCO2) worldwide. Policy makers in Luxembourg are well-aware of the challenges and are setting ambitious objectives at country level for the mid and long term. However, a framework to assess environmental impacts from a life cycle perspective on the scale of transport policy scenarios, rather than individual vehicles, is lacking. We present a novel framework linking activity-based modeling with life cycle assessment (LCA) and a proof-of-concept case study for the French cross-border commuters working in Luxembourg. Our framework allows for the evaluation of specific policies formulated on the trip level as well as aggregated evaluation of environmental impacts from a life cycle perspective. The results of our proof-of-concept-based case study suggest that only a combination of: (1) policy measures improving the speed and coverage of the public transport system; (2) policy measures fostering electric mobility; and (3) external factors such as de-carbonizing the electricity mix will allow to counteract the expected increase in impacts due to the increase of mobility needs of the growing commuting population in the long term. |
| Keywords: | Activity-based modeling; Life cycle assessment; Policy analysis; Sustainable mobility |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2019–07–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:101425&r=all |
| By: | Paula Pereda; Maria Alice Christofoletti |
| Abstract: | The consolidation of the energy sector as one of the main emitters of greenhouse gases in Brazil is directly related to the expansion of fuel consumption in passenger and cargo transport and to the higher use of thermal power plants for electricity generation. This fact reflects a detachment from the historical renewable energy and biofuels production and goes against the global efforts to reduce GHG emissions. Our paper analyzes the short run emissions and distributional effects of energy price changes in a partial equilibrium framework. Our findings suggest that taxes and subsidies in fuel prices (oil and diesel, respectively) are progressive, but have positive impact on total household emissions due to substitution effects. Despite being regressive, changes in electricity price have large effects on household emissions due to the characteristics of electric energy supply in Brazil. More environment-friendly policies that subsidize ethanol have a small but positive effect on the economy and tend to reduce households emissions. However, large substitution effects - due to an increase in the demand for CO2eq intensive goods, such as commuting and transportation services - when also taxing oil do not offset the reduction in emissions caused by a lower ethanol price. Therefore, understanding who benefits from energy price taxes and subsidies and their welfare impacts policies are key to gaining public support for a greener energy matrix. |
| Keywords: | Energy policies; CO2eq emissions; households |
| JEL: | Q48 D12 D61 |
| Date: | 2019–08–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spa:wpaper:2019wpecon32&r=all |
| By: | Runst, Petrik; Thonipara, Anita |
| Abstract: | Sweden has gradually increased its carbon tax within the past 25 years and imposes the world's highest tax on carbon dioxide emissions today. This paper examines the impact of the Swedish carbon tax on residential carbon emissions as well as on consumer behavior. We perform Difference-in-Differences (DiD) regressions and Synthetic Control Methods (SCM) in order to evaluate the causal impact of carbon taxation on carbon emissions in the residential sector. Both methods provide evidence for a causal effect of the carbon tax augmentation in the early 2000s on residential carbon emissions. We find that the scope of the reduction of residential carbon emissions due to the carbon tax augmentation range between 200kg (when compared to other countries with a carbon tax of more than 20 Euros implemented) and 800 kg of CO2 per capita per year (when compared to countries without a carbon tax). Hence, the evidence points towards the effectiveness of carbon taxation in reducing residential CO2 emissions and, thus, mitigating climate change. |
| Keywords: | carbon tax,Sweden,residential building,CO2 emissions |
| JEL: | Q54 P28 Q4 O38 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifhwps:192019&r=all |
| By: | Rösemann, Claus; Haenel, Hans-Dieter; Dämmgen, Ulrich; Döring, Ulrike; Wulf, Sebastian; Eurich-Menden, Brigitte; Freibauer, Annette; Döhler, Helmut; Schreiner, Carsten; Osterburg, Bernhard; Fuß, Roland |
| Abstract: | The report at hand (including a comprehensive annex of data) serves as additional document to the National Inventory Report (NIR) on the German green house gas emissions and the Informative Inventory Report (IIR) on the German emissions of air pollutants (especially ammonia). The report documents the calculation methods used in the German agricultural inventory model GAS-EM as well as input data, emission results and uncertainties of the emission reporting submission 2018 for the years 1990 - 2017. In this context the sector Agriculture comprises the emissions from animal husbandry, the use of agricultural soils and anaerobic digestion of energy crops. As required by the guidelines, emissions from activities preceding agriculture, from the use of energy and from land use change are reported elsewhere in the national inventories. The calculation methods are based in principle on the international guidelines for emission reporting and have been continuingly improved during the past years by the Thünen Institute working group on agricultural emission inventories, partly in cooperation with KTBL. In particular, these improvements concern the calculation of energy requirements, feeding and the N balance of the most important animal categories. In addition, technical measures such as air scrubbing (mitigation of ammonia emissions) and digestion of animal manures (mitigation of emissions of methane and laughing gas) have been taken into account. For the calculation of emissions from anaerobic digestion of animal manures and energy crops (including spreading of the digestate), the aforementioned working group developed, in cooperation with KTBL, a national methodology. [...] |
| Keywords: | emission inventory,agriculture,animal husbandry,agricultural soils,anaerobic digestion,energy crops,renewable primary products,greenhouse gases,air pollutants,methane,laughing gas,ammonia,particulate matter,Emissionsinventar,Landwirtschaft,Tierhaltung,landwirtschaftliche Böden,anaerobe Vergärung,Energiepflanzen,nachwachsende Rohstoffe,Treibhausgase,Luftschadstoffe,Methan,Lachgas,Ammoniak,luftgetragene Partikel,Staub |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtire:67&r=all |
| By: | Stefano Carattini (Department of Economics, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, USA); Suphi Sen (ifo Institute at the University of Munich, Germany) |
| Abstract: | The climate challenge requires ambitious climate policy. A sudden increase in carbon prices can lead to major shocks to the stock market. Some assets will lose part of their value, others all of it, and hence become “stranded”. If the markets are not ready to absorb the shock, a financial crisis could follow. How well investors anticipate, and thus how large these shocks may be, is an empirical question. We analyze stock market reactions to the rejection of two carbon tax initiatives by voters in Washington state. We build proper counterfactuals for Washington state firms and find that these modest policy proposals with limited jurisdiction caused substantial readjustments on the stock market, especially for carbon-intensive stocks. Our results reinforce concerns about “stranded assets” and the risk of financial contagion. Our policy implications support the inclusion of transition risks in macroprudential policymaking and carbon disclosure and climate stress tests as the main policy responses. |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ays:ispwps:paper1910&r=all |
| By: | Carattini, Stefano; Sen, Suphi |
| Abstract: | The climate challenge requires ambitious climate policy. A sudden increase in carbon prices can lead to major shocks to the stock market. Some assets will lose part of their value, others all of it, and hence become “stranded”. If the markets are not ready to absorb the shock, a financial crisis could follow. How well investors anticipate, and thus how large these shocks may be, is an empirical question. We analyze stock market reactions to the rejection of two carbon tax initiatives by voters in Washington state. We build proper counterfactuals for Washington state firms and find that these modest policy proposals with limited jurisdiction caused substantial readjustments on the stock market, especially for carbon-intensive stocks. Our results reinforce concerns about “stranded assets” and the risk of financial contagion. Our policy implications support the inclusion of transition risks in macroprudential policymaking and carbon disclosure and climate stress tests as the main policy responses. |
| Keywords: | Carbon pricing, financial returns, systemic risk, macroprudential policies, voting |
| JEL: | G12 H23 H71 L50 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:usg:econwp:2019:09&r=all |
| By: | Muhammad Zeshan (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad); Jong-Hwan Ko (Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea) |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a dynamic CGE-Water (Gdyn-W) model to analyse the effectiveness of adaptation policies to climate change. In the model, water is introduced as an explicit primary factor of production used for irrigation purposes. For empirical analysis, we employ the latest GTAP database version 9 focusing on the South Asian countries: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Our simulation results revel that the domestic production in all the countries under analysis decreases after the temperature rises by 1 °C until 2040. However, such production losses can be reduced greatly by the adaptation policy to climate change. The costs associated with such a policy are marginal compared to the overall benefits from such a policy. |
| Keywords: | Water, CGE, Irrigation, Adaptation Policy, Climate Change |
| JEL: | C68 Q15 Q25 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pid:wpaper:2019:159&r=all |
| By: | Qirjo, Dhimitri; Pascalau, Razvan |
| Abstract: | We empirically investigate the impacts of the implementation of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) on per capita emissions of eight air pollutants and municipal waste. We employ the same explanatory variables and apply the same empirical strategy and methodologies as in (Qirjo and Pascalau, 2019). We provide robust evidence suggesting that the implementation of TTIP could be beneficial to the environment because it may help reduce per capita emissions of NO2 and HFCs/PFCs/SF6 in a typical TTIP member. This result is based on the statistically significant evidence showing that, on average, the pollution haven motive based on national per capita income variations is dominated by the Factor Endowment Argument based on the classical Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory and the pollution haven motive originating from an inverse measurement of national population density differences. However, we also report generally statistically significant evidence implying that the implementation of TTIP could denigrate the environment because it may help increase per capita emissions of SO2, SOx, NOx, SF6, and NH3. |
| Keywords: | Free Trade, Environmental Economics, TTIP. |
| JEL: | F18 F53 |
| Date: | 2019–08–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95633&r=all |
| By: | Qirjo, Dhimitri; Pascalau, Razvan; Krichevskiy, Dmitriy |
| Abstract: | The study empirically investigates and shows that on average, the implementation of the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) may contribute to the fight against global warming. This study finds that on average, a one percent increase of a percentage point in the bilateral volume of trade as a portion of GDP between Canada and a typical EU member could help reduce annual per capita emissions of GHGs in an average CETA member by about .57 percent. The results also show that the presence of CETA may decrease annual per capita emissions of GHGs in almost all CETA members. There is no statistically significant evidence suggesting an increase of GHGs per capita emissions in any CETA member, regardless of the model or statistical method employed in the paper. These results stand because of the combinations of the factor endowment hypothesis (FEH), the pollution haven hypothesis based on population density variations (PHH2), and the pollution haven hypothesis based on national income differences (PHH1) between each EU member and Canada. |
| Keywords: | Free Trade, Environmental Economics, CETA. |
| JEL: | F18 F53 |
| Date: | 2019–08–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95608&r=all |
| By: | David A. Keiser; Joseph S. Shapiro |
| Abstract: | In the half century since the founding of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, public and private U.S. sources have spent nearly $5 trillion ($2017) to provide clean rivers, lakes, and drinking water, or annual spending of 0.8 percent of U.S. GDP in most years. Yet over half of rivers and substantial shares of drinking water systems violate standards, and polls for decades have listed water pollution as Americans’ number one environmental concern. We assess the history, effectiveness, and efficiency of the Clean Water Act and Safe Drinking Water Act, and obtain four main conclusions. First, water pollution has fallen since these laws, in part due to their interventions. Second, investments made under these laws could be more cost-effective. Third, most recent studies estimate benefits of cleaning up pollution in rivers and lakes which are less than their costs, though these studies may under-count several potentially important types of benefits. Analysis finds more positive net benefits of drinking water quality investments. Fourth, economic research and teaching on water pollution is relatively uncommon, as measured by samples of publications, conference presentations, and textbooks. |
| JEL: | H23 K32 Q5 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:26077&r=all |
| By: | Alexander, Diane; Schwandt, Hannes |
| Abstract: | Car exhaust is a major source of air pollution, but little is known about its impacts on population health. We exploit the dispersion of emissions-cheating diesel cars-which secretly polluted up to 150 times as much as gasoline cars-across the United States from 2008-2015 as a natural experiment to measure the health impact of car pollution. Using the universe of vehicle registrations, we demonstrate that a 10 percent cheating-induced increase in car exhaust increases rates of low birth weight and acute asthma attacks among children by 1.9 and 8.0 percent, respectively. These health impacts occur at all pollution levels and across the entire socioeconomic spectrum. |
| Keywords: | Car pollution; emissions cheating; health |
| JEL: | I10 I14 J13 K32 |
| Date: | 2019–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:13805&r=all |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | El presente documento constituye un aporte de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) al acervo informativo y a las deliberaciones de la “XVII Cumbre de Jefes de Estado y de Gobierno del Mecanismo de Diálogo y Concertación de Tuxtla.” La CEPAL, como integrante del Grupo Técnico Interinstitucional, ratifica su compromiso con la integración regional. Asimismo, manifiesta su apoyo a las actividades de integración y desarrollo del Proyecto de Integración y Desarrollo de Mesoamérica (PM) mediante esta tercera edición del documento “Una mirada a los países del Proyecto de Integración y Desarrollo de Mesoamérica”, publicado en 2012 y 2015. Esta mirada ofrece un panorama conciso de la realidad económica, social y ambiental de la región mesoamericana. El documento es de carácter informativo y resume los principales retos y oportunidades en los distintos componentes de la cartera del PM: desarrollo económico; comercio e inversión; competitividad, pequeñas y mediana empresas y tecnologías de información y comunicación; logística y movilidad; energía; salud; seguridad alimentaria y nutricional; vivienda; y medio ambiente, gestión de riesgo de desastres y cambio climático. Estos retos pueden abordarse más fácilmente desde la cooperación y la concertación regional, recordándose la importancia de la coordinación de estrategias con la institucionalidad de la integración centroamericana y las políticas nacionales. |
| Keywords: | DESARROLLO ECONOMICO, CONDICIONES ECONOMICAS, INTEGRACION ECONOMICA, COMERCIO INTRARREGIONAL, INVERSION EXTRANJERA DIRECTA, COMPETITIVIDAD, EMPRESAS MEDIANAS, PEQUEÑAS EMPRESAS, TECNOLOGIA DE LA INFORMACION, TECNOLOGIA DE LAS COMUNICACIONES, TRANSPORTE, INFRAESTRUCTURA DEL TRANSPORTE, RECURSOS ENERGETICOS, AGENDA 2030 PARA EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, SALUD, SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA, MEDIO AMBIENTE, CAMBIO CLIMATICO, VIVIENDA, INDICADORES DEL DESARROLLO, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, INTRAREGIONAL TRADE, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, COMPETITIVENESS, MEDIUM ENTERPRISES, SMALL ENTERPRISES, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, ENERGY RESOURCES, 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, HEALTH, FOOD SECURITY, ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE, HOUSING, DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS |
| Date: | 2019–08–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col094:44729&r=all |
| By: | Lemeilleur, S.; Allaire, G. |
| Abstract: | Using the definition developed by Hess and Ostrom (2007), we consider the content of organic farming labels as a system of intellectual common-pool resources. Access to this resource is threatened by phenomena of enclosure and commodification. Third party certification, which is controlled by private competitive operators, is becoming the unique channel to gain legal access to public labels in many countries. However, the high cost of this certification may exclude a large part of the community at the origin of the resource – especially small diversified farmers. It also threatens resource renewal. In this article, we describe an alternative mechanism called participatory guarantee systems (PGS). Participatory certification is based on peer-review assessment (involving producers from the community), additional control mechanisms are also mobilized according to the context, in order to measure compliance with the standard’s specifications. PGS encourage producers to share knowledge, support ongoing learning processes and, thus, resource renewal. Drawing on design principles from Ostrom’s approach, we analyse ten PGS initiatives in the world – Nature et Progrès (France), Ecovida (Brazil), Certified Naturally Grown (United States), Organic Farm New Zealand, the Asociacion Nacional de Productores/as Ecologicos (Peru), Vietnam PGS, PGS India, Ngong Organic Farmer Association (Kenya), Good Market Organic PGS (Sri Lanka) and BioSPG du Conseil National de l'agriculture Biologique (Burkina Faso) – and discuss their robustness and sustainability. We demonstrate their relatively robustness in terms of self-organization and suggest that their current development in many countries contribute to a re-appropriation of the commons. ....French Abstract: En utilisant la définition développée par Hess et Ostrom (2007), nous considérons le contenu des labels d'agriculture biologique comme un système de ressources communes intellectuelles. L'accès à cette ressource est menacé par des phénomènes de privatisation et de marchandisation. La certification par tiers qui fait appel à des opérateurs privés indépendant est devenu le seul moyen d'accéder aux labels publics dans de nombreux pays. Cependant, le coût élevé de cette certification peut exclure une grande partie de la communauté à l'origine de la ressource - en particulier les petits agriculteurs diversifiés. Elle menace également le renouvellement de la ressource. Dans cet article, nous décrivons un mécanisme alternatif appelé système de garantie participative (SPG). La certification participative est d’abord basée sur une évaluation par les pairs (impliquant les producteurs de la communauté), des mécanismes de contrôle supplémentaires sont également mobilisés en fonction du contexte, afin de mesurer la conformité à la norme. Les SPG encouragent les producteurs à partager leurs connaissances, à appuyer les processus d'apprentissage continu et, par conséquent, à renouveler la ressource commune. En nous basant sur les principes de conception d'Ostrom, nous analysons dix initiatives de SPG dans le monde - Nature et Progrès (France), Ecovida (Brésil), Certified Naturally Grown (États-Unis), Organic Farm New Zealand, Asociacion Nacional de Productores/as Ecologicos (Pérou), Vietnam PGS, PGS India, Ngong Organic Farmer Association (Kenya), Good Market Organic PGS (Sri Lanka) et BioSPG du Conseil national de l'agriculture biologique (Burkina Faso). Nous démontrons leur relative robustesse en termes d'auto-organisation et suggérons que leur développement actuel dans de nombreux pays contribue à une réappropriation des communs. |
| Keywords: | ORGANIC FARMING; INTELLECTUAL COMMON-POOL RESOURCES; COMMUNITY-BASED CERTIFICATION; PARTICIPATORY MANAGEMENT; COMMONS; CASE STUDIES; AGRICULTURE BIOLOGIQUE; RESSOURCES COMMUNES INTELLECTUELLES; CERTIFICATION PARTICIPATIVE; COMMUNS; ETUDE DE CAS |
| JEL: | D02 O13 Q18 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:umr:wpaper:201902&r=all |
| By: | Ngan, Sue Lin; How, Bing Shen; Teng, Sin Yong; Promentilla, Michael Angelo B.; Yatim, Puan; Er, Ah Choy; Lam, Hon Loong |
| Abstract: | The concept of the circular economy has gained well-recognition across the world for the past decades. With the heightening risk of the impact of climate change, resource scarcity to meet the increasing world population, the need to transition to a more sustainable development model is urgent. The circular economy is often cited as one of the best solutions to support sustainable development. However, the diffusion of this concept in the industrial arena is still relatively slow, particularly in the developing country, which collectively exerts high potential to be the world’s largest economies and workforce. It is crucial to make sure that the development of these nations is sustainable and not bearing on the cost of future generation. Thus, this work aims to provide a comprehensive review of the circular economy concept in developing country context. Furthermore, a novel model is proposed by adopting Fuzzy Analytics Network Process (FANP) to quantify the priority weights of the sustainability indicators to provide guidelines for the industry stakeholders at different stages of industry cycle to transition toward the circular economy. The results revealed that improvement in economic performance and public acceptance are they key triggers to encourage stakeholders for sustainable development. The outcomes serve as a reference to enhance the overall decision-making process of industry stakeholders. Local authorities can adopt the recommendations to design policy and incentive that encourage the adoption of circular economy in real industry operation to spur up economic development, without neglecting environmental well-being and jeopardizing social benefits. |
| Keywords: | Circular economy; sustainable development; Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP); industry life-cycle analysis; palm oil industry |
| JEL: | A1 A10 A11 B0 C0 E0 E1 E2 E3 E6 F1 L1 L2 L6 O1 O2 O4 |
| Date: | 2019–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95450&r=all |
| By: | Rohan Best (Department of Economics, Macquarie University); Paul J Burke (Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University); Shuhei Nishitateno (School of Policy Studies, Kwansei Gakuin University) |
| Abstract: | Australia has among the highest rates of small-scale solar photovoltaic adoption in the world, with substantial geographical variation in uptake. Using postcode-level data up to December 2018, we quantify the impact of Australia’s spatially-differentiated Small-scale Renewable Energy Scheme on solar uptake. We use spatial autoregressive models and other approaches such as a regression discontinuity design. The results indicate that postcodes receiving a higher subsidy factor have significantly more small-scale solar installations, after controlling for solar exposure and spatial patterns in the data. The subsidy elasticity of small-scale solar capacity installations during 2018 was around 1.2. We use this estimate to calculate that an increase in the subsidy flowing to new installations would be able to reduce carbon dioxide emissions at a subsidy cost of around US$36 per tonne, depending on assumptions. |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:ccepwp:1903&r=all |
| By: | Brucal, Arlan; Javorcik, Beata; Love, Inessa |
| Abstract: | The link between foreign ownership and environmental performance remains a controversial issue. This paper contributes to our understanding of this subject by analyzing the impact of foreign acquisitions on plant-level energy intensity. The analysis applies a difference-in-differences approach combined with propensity score matching to the data from the Indonesian Manufacturing Census for the period 1983-2001 (or 1983-2008 in robustness checks). It covers 210 acquisition cases where an acquired plant is observed two years before and at least three years after an ownership change and for which a carefully selected control plant exists. The results suggest that while foreign ownership increases the overall energy usage due to expansion of output, it decreases the plant's energy intensity. Specifically, acquired plants reduce energy intensity by about 30% two years after acquisition, relative to the control plants. In contrast, foreign divestments tend to increase energy intensity. At the aggregate level, entry of foreign-owned plants is associated with industry-wide reduction in energy intensity. |
| Keywords: | energy intensity; FDI; Foreign acquisition; foreign divestment; Indonesia |
| JEL: | F21 Q56 |
| Date: | 2019–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:13810&r=all |
| By: | Krieger, Tim; Renner, Laura; Schmid, Lena |
| Abstract: | Environmentally induced conflicts can trigger migration. This paper analyzes the location decisions of migrants, i.e., the "sorting" of migrants into alternative destinations. We argue that this sorting depends on a variety of factors. The selection of migrants affects preferences over where to settle and depends on the underlying type of environmentally induced conflict. In addition to (transport-related) migration costs, migration governance shapes the sorting pattern of migrants. Immigration policies in destination countries impose further costs to migration or even prevent settlement. At the same time, national immigration policies depend on the "supply" of migrants that are expected to arrive, as well as on other countries' policies regarding immigration. In addition, coordination failure of destination countries may feed back to the sorting decisions of migrants. The chapter discusses sorting not only from a theoretically but also empirical perspective, thereby highlighting both existing studies on sorting and the empirical challenges to analyzing sorting behavior in the context of migration that is induced by environmental conflict. |
| Keywords: | environmental and climate change,conflict,migration,emigration,selection,sorting,migration governance,theory,empirics |
| JEL: | D74 F22 J61 Q54 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wgspdp:201903&r=all |
| By: | Alberto Chong (Department of Economics, Georgia State University, USA); Carla Srebot (Universidad del Pacifico, Peru) |
| Abstract: | Using a difference-in-difference approach, we test the causal link between environmental disasters and mental health indicators in rural areas of Peru by exploiting the spatial variation of exogeneous oil spills as well as the differences in their timing for the period 2014–16. We find that, after controlling for time-varying controls and for year fixed effects, oil spills lead to significantly higher probability of suffering psychological distress, such as lack of motivation, fatigue or feeling of failure. In particular, we find that an individual is 25.2 percentage points more likely to suffer from depression after an oil spill occurrence. Falsification tests provide further support that the main results are not simply the result of spurious correlations. |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ays:ispwps:paper1908&r=all |
| By: | Ryan Kellogg |
| Abstract: | Output-based carbon regulations—such as fuel economy standards and the rate-based standards in the Clean Power Plan—create well-known incentives to inefficiently increase output. Similar distortions are created by attribute-based regulations. This paper demonstrates that, despite these distortions, output and attribute-based standards can always yield greater expected welfare than “flat” emission standards given uncertainty in demand for output (or attributes), assuming locally constant marginal damages. For fuel economy standards, the welfare-maximizing amount of attribute or mileage-basing is likely small relative to current policy. For the electricity sector, however, an intensity standard may yield greater expected welfare than a flat standard. |
| JEL: | D81 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:26172&r=all |
| By: | Lee, Sangyoul; Bi, Xiang |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291247&r=all |
| By: | Anthony Strittmatter; Michael Lechner |
| Abstract: | The disclosure of the VW emission manipulation scandal caused a quasi-experimental market shock to the observable environmental quality of VW diesel vehicles. To investigate the market reaction to this shock, we collect data from a used-car online advertisement platform. We find that the supply of used VW diesel vehicles increases after the VW emission scandal. The positive supply side effects increase with the probability of manipulation. Furthermore, we find negative impacts on the asking prices of used cars subject to a high probability of manipulation. We rationalize these findings with a model for sorting by the environmental quality of used cars. |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1908.09609&r=all |
| By: | Mahmood, Nihal; Masih, Mansur |
| Abstract: | This paper is an humble initial attempt at studying the effects of Islamic Banking performance on CO2 Emissions among OIC countries. Recently, there has been increasing awareness surrounding Sustainability Development Goals (SDG), which is what inspired this study. While SDG data is quite limited, there is a substantial record of CO2 Emissions, which is one of the components in calculating the SDG index. While extensive research has been done on environmental performance and firm profitability in the conventional space, there are limited studies on this area in the Islamic Finance space. The core issue that will be investigated in this paper is to assess if Islamic Banking performance is impacted or influenced by CO2 emissions. Islamic Bank Performance will be measured using aggregate Return on Equity (ROE), and Return on Asset (ROA) figures for all banks in the OIC region. This study employs GMM Panel Technique given the dynamic nature of the data. The main contribution of this paper is it is among the first attempts at examining this unique area. Islamic Finance is not only about Shariah compliant product structures, but also its overall impact on society itself (CO2 emissions serves as a measure of this). The key conclusion is that there is a correlation between Islamic Bank performance and CO2 emissions. However, in some cases the correlation was found to be positive (when examining ROA) and in others negative (when examining ROE). Policy makers need to study the trends in order to provide guidelines that would motivate the Islamic Banking industry to reduce emissions. |
| Keywords: | islamic banking performance, CO2 emissions, GMM |
| JEL: | C58 G21 Q57 |
| Date: | 2018–12–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95652&r=all |
| By: | Ahlfeldt, Gabriel; Nitsch, Volker; Wendland, Nicolai |
| Abstract: | For a complete cost-benefit analysis of durable infrastructures, it is important to understand how the value of non-market goods such as transit time and environmental quality changes as incomes rise in the long-run. We use difference-in-differences and spatial differencing to estimate the land price capitalization effects of metro rail in Berlin, Germany today and a century ago. Over this period, the negative effect of rail noise tripled in percentage terms. Our results imply long-run income elasticities of the value of noise reduction and transport access of 2.2 and 1.4, substantially exceeding cross-sectional contingent valuation estimates. |
| Keywords: | accessibility; Difference-in-Differences; income elasticity; land price; noise; Spatial differencing |
| JEL: | N73 N74 R12 R14 R41 |
| Date: | 2019–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:13811&r=all |
| By: | Popova, Olga; Otrachshenko, Vladimir; Tavares, José |
| Abstract: | We examine the relationship between extreme temperatures and violent mortality across Russian regions, with implications for the social costs of climate change. We assess the unequal impact of temperature shocks across gender and age groups by exploring a dataset on temperature and violence in Russia, between the years 1989 and 2015. Hot days lead to an increase in both female and male victims, one hot day resulting in the loss of 1,579 person-years of life for men, and 642 for women. However, the likelihood of victimization during weekends rises noticeably for women, with women between 25 and 59 more victimized on weekends. Our results suggest that female victimization on hot days would be mitigated by increases in regional income and job opportunities, and on cold days, by decreasing the consumption of spirits. |
| Keywords: | Violence,Gender Homicide,Extreme Temperatures,Russia |
| JEL: | I14 K42 P52 Q54 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:382&r=all |
| By: | Leong, Wei Dong; Teng, Sin Yong; How, Bing Shen; Ngan, Sue Lin; Lam, Hon Loong; Tan, Chee Pin; Ponnambalam, S. G. |
| Abstract: | Recent problems faced by industrial players commonly relates to global warming and depletion of resources. This situation highlights the importance of improvement solutions for industrial operations and environmental performances. Based on interviews and literature studies, manpower, machine, material, money and environment are known as the foundation resources to fulfil the facility's operation. The most critical and common challenge that is being faced by the industrialists is to perform continuous improvement effectively. The needs to develop a systematic framework to assist and guide the industrialist to achieve lean and green is growing rapidly. In this paper, a novel development of an adaptive analytic model for lean and green operation and processing is presented. The development of lean and green index will act as a benchmarking tool for the industrialist. This work uses the analytic hierarchy process to obtain experts opinion in determining the priority of the lean and green components and indicators. The application of backpropagation optimisation method will further enhance the lean and green model in guiding the industrialist for continuous improvement. An actual industry case study (combine heat and power plant) will be presented with the proposed lean and green model. The model is expected to enhance processing plant performance in a systematic lean and green manner. |
| Keywords: | Lean & green manufacturing; Lean and green index; Back-propagation; Machine learning; Process optimisation |
| JEL: | C1 C10 C8 C80 C83 L6 L7 L8 L9 M0 O3 |
| Date: | 2019–05–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95449&r=all |
| By: | Pullabhotla, Hemant K.; Souza, Mateus |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290821&r=all |
| By: | Reed, Michael E.; Elbakidze, Levan |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291245&r=all |
| By: | Schmidt, Christoph M. |
| Abstract: | Ein in allen Wirtschaftsbereichen gültiger CO2-Preis wäre die effizienteste Maßnahme für einen besseren und sozial ausgewogenen Klimaschutz. Die Politik muss mehr für den Klimaschutz tun - diese Erkenntnis hat sich inzwischen auf breiter Ebene durchgesetzt. Über die verschiedenen Instrumente herrscht aber Uneinigkeit. Die beste Lösung wäre es, neben den bereits im EU-Emissionshandel erfassten Industrie- und Energieunternehmen auch in den anderen Sektoren einen einheitlichen CO2-Preis zu etablieren. Dabei eröffnen Emissionshandelssysteme und CO2-Steuern die gleichen Spielräume für eine sozial ausgewogene Klimapolitik. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwiimp:202045&r=all |
| By: | Smith, Aaron D.; Ubilava, David |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290795&r=all |
| By: | Adjognon, Serge G.; Van Soest, Daan |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291131&r=all |
| By: | Lemeilleur, Sylvaine; Allaire, Gilles |
| Abstract: | Using the definition developed by Hess and Ostrom (2007), we consider the content of organic farming labels as a system of intellectual common-pool resources. Access to this resource is threatened by phenomena of enclosure and commodification. Third party certification, which is controlled by private competitive operators, is becoming the unique channel to gain legal access to public labels in many countries. However, the high cost of this certification may exclude a large part of the community at the origin of the resource – especially small diversified farmers. It also threatens resource renewal. In this article, we describe an alternative mechanism called participatory guarantee systems (PGS). Participatory certification is based on peer-review assessment (involving producers from the community), additional control mechanisms are also mobilized according to the context, in order to measure compliance with the standard’s specifications. PGS encourage producers to share knowledge, support ongoing learning processes and, thus, resource renewal. Drawing on design principles from Ostrom’s approach, we analyse ten PGS initiatives in the world – Nature et Progrès (France), Ecovida (Brazil), Certified Naturally Grown (United States), Organic Farm New Zealand, the Asociacion Nacional de Productores/as Ecologicos (Peru), Vietnam PGS, PGS India, Ngong Organic Farmer Association (Kenya), Good Market Organic PGS (Sri Lanka) and BioSPG du Conseil National de l'agriculture Biologique (Burkina Faso) – and discuss their robustness and sustainability. We demonstrate their relatively robustness in terms of self-organization and suggest that their current development in many countries contribute to a re-appropriation of the commons. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:inramo:292325&r=all |
| By: | Cho, Seong-Hoon; Mingie, James |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291132&r=all |
| By: | Gotsch, Matthias; Kelnhofer, Anton; Jäger, Angela |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fisisi:s072019&r=all |
| By: | Bartosz Bartkowski; Nils Droste; Mareike Lie{\ss}; William Sidemo-Holm; Ulrich Weller; Mark V. Brady |
| Abstract: | From a theoretical point of view, result-based agri-environmental payments are clearly preferable to action-based payments. However, they suffer from two major practical disadvantages: costs of measuring the results and payment uncertainty for the participating farmers. In this paper, we propose an alternative design to overcome these two disadvantages by means of modelling (instead of measuring) the results. We describe the concept of model-informed result-based agri-environmental payments (MIRBAP), including a hypothetical example of payments for the protection and enhancement of soil functions. We offer a comprehensive discussion of the relative advantages and disadvantages of MIRBAP, showing that it not only unites most of the advantages of result-based and action-based schemes, but also adds two new advantages: the potential to address trade-offs among multiple policy objectives and management for long-term environmental effects. We argue that MIRBAP would be a valuable addition to the agri-environmental policy toolbox and a reflection of recent advancements in agri-environmental modelling. |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1908.08219&r=all |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | This document is a contribution of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) to the information collection and the deliberations of the “XVII Summit of Heads of State and Government of the Tuxtla Mechanism of Dialogue and Cooperation.” ECLAC, as a member of the Interinstitutional Technical Group, ratifies its commitment with regional integration. Furthermore, this third edition of the document “A glance at member countries of the Mesoamerica Integration and Development Project” (2012 and 2015), underlines its support for the integration and development activities carried out by the Mesoamerica Integration and Development Project (MP). This view offers a concise panorama of the economic, social and environmental reality of the Mesoamerican region. The document summarizes the main challenges and opportunities found in the different components of the MP portfolio: economic development; trade and investment; competitiveness, small and medium enterprises and information and communication technologies; logistics and mobility; energy; health; nutrition and food security; housing; and environment, disaster risk management and climate change. These challenges can be tackled more easily through regional coordination and cooperation and are reminders of the importance of coordinating strategies with regional integration institutions and national policies. |
| Keywords: | DESARROLLO ECONOMICO, CONDICIONES ECONOMICAS, INTEGRACION ECONOMICA, COMERCIO INTRARREGIONAL, INVERSION EXTRANJERA DIRECTA, COMPETITIVIDAD, EMPRESAS MEDIANAS, PEQUEÑAS EMPRESAS, TECNOLOGIA DE LA INFORMACION, TECNOLOGIA DE LAS COMUNICACIONES, TRANSPORTE, INFRAESTRUCTURA DEL TRANSPORTE, RECURSOS ENERGETICOS, AGENDA 2030 PARA EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, SALUD, SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA, MEDIO AMBIENTE, CAMBIO CLIMATICO, VIVIENDA, INDICADORES DEL DESARROLLO, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, INTRAREGIONAL TRADE, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, COMPETITIVENESS, MEDIUM ENTERPRISES, SMALL ENTERPRISES, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, ENERGY RESOURCES, 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, HEALTH, FOOD SECURITY, ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE, HOUSING, DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS |
| Date: | 2019–08–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col094:44730&r=all |
| By: | Zakerinia, Saleh; Lin Lawell, C.-Y. Cynthia |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291241&r=all |
| By: | Juarez-Torres, Miriam; Puigvert, Jonathan E. |
| Keywords: | International Development |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291044&r=all |
| By: | Ferreira, Susana; Newbury, Jackson |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291223&r=all |
| By: | Runst, Petrik; Thonipara, Anita; Röben, Felix |
| Abstract: | Die Mehrkostenbelastung durch eine CO2-Bepreisung von 40, 60 bzw. 120 Euro pro Tonne verursacht - ungeachtet des konkreten Bepreisungsinstruments (Mengensteuerung mit Zertifikatehandel, Abgaben-oder Steuerlösung) aufgrund der heterogenen Betriebsstrukturen und Arbeitsweisen in den sieben ausgewählten Handwerkszweigen sehr unterschiedliche Mehrkosten. Dabei belaufen sich die Mehrkosten durchschnittlich (über alle Unternehmen und Handwerkszweige hinweg) auf ca. 150 Euro pro Mitarbeiter und Jahr (bei 60 €/t) bzw. 300 Euro pro Mitarbeiter und Jahr (bei 120 €/t). Größere Unternehmen werden prinzipiell weniger stark getroffen als kleinere Unternehmen, da sie tendenziell energieeffizienter arbeiten. Eine Abschaffung der EEG-Umlage würde die Einführung einer CO2-Bepreisung von 60/120 Euro pro Tonne nahezu bis vollständig kompensieren, d.h. es ergäben sich in der kurzen Frist kaum Mehrkosten für die Handwerksunternehmen im Falle einer CO2-Bepreisung bei gleichzeitiger Streichung der EEG-Umlage. Ohne entsprechende Kompensation der CO2-Mehrkosten durch die Streichung der EEG-Umlage oder andere Instrumente, wie z.B. eine Pauschalzahlung nach Schweizer Vorbild, ist davon auszugehen, dass Handwerksunternehmen Anpassungsmaßnahmen durchführen, um die Mehrkosten zu reduzieren. Zwei wesentliche Anpassungskanäle wurden untersucht - Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen und die Ersetzung CO2-intensiver Energieträger. Kurzfristig, d.h.innerhalb von ca. 4 Jahren, können die untersuchten Maßnahmen die CO2-Emissionen - und damit die Mehrkosten - zwar teilweise senken, aber die Investitionskosten fallen recht hoch aus, sodass davon ausgegangen werden kann, dass nur wenige Anpassungsmaßnahmen vollzogen werden. |
| Keywords: | CO2-Bepreisung,Kostenschätzung,Handwerksunternehmen,Handwerk,carbon-pricing,cost estimation,crafts companies,impact evaluation |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifhgbh:28&r=all |
| By: | Sobhi, Salma; Ali, Maged A.; Abdelkader, Mohamed F. |
| Abstract: | With the growing need for smart services and internet of things (IoT) devices in smart cities, the cloud paradigm might not be able to accommodate the increasing data traffic and the various latencyaware applications. Meanwhile, as smart cities grow bigger and wider, finding a communication protocol that fully supports the nature of smart cities application becomes essential, with the need for a secure and privacy protecting paradigm is more than ever. In this paper, we investigate the potential of combining the recently introduced fog computing and loRaWAN communication standard to attain more sustainable smart cities. We present a case study for using the proposed network architecture for smart water distribution networks. |
| Keywords: | Fog-computing,Smart-Cities,LoRaWAN,IoT,Water distribution networks. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsm19:201754&r=all |
| By: | Harashima, Taiji |
| Abstract: | There has long been a deep-rooted view that economic rents are foremost among the origins of high levels of economic inequality. In this paper, economic rents generated by ranking preference are examined as an important source of widening inequality based on the concept of sustainable heterogeneity. Ranking preference generates widespread and large monopoly rents across an economy because they can be obtained through firms’ product differentiations, but this topic has not been studied as a source of economic inequality. This paper shows that these monopoly rents can greatly accelerate economic inequality because access to these rents is intrinsically heterogeneous among households and are unevenly distributed and persistent. Nevertheless, if a government appropriately intervenes, the acceleration of inequality can be prevented. |
| Keywords: | Inequality; Monopoly rents; Ranking preference; Rents; Sustainable heterogeneity |
| JEL: | D30 D42 D63 |
| Date: | 2019–08–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:95727&r=all |
| By: | Bocci, Corinne F.; Sohngen, Brent |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291231&r=all |
| By: | Lacaze, María Victoria |
| Abstract: | En las últimas décadas, se ha producido una significativa disminución de las medidas arancelarias al comercio mundial de alimentos, pero, prácticamente a la par, otros mecanismos que pueden condicionar el acceso a los mercados, han visto incrementado su accionar. Éste es el caso de los estándares de calidad. En términos generales, los estándares de calidad establecen exigencias vinculadas a los procesos productivos aplicados y/o a las características de los productos obtenidos, con el fin de avalar el cumplimiento de ciertos objetivos vinculados con la calidad, la bioseguridad, la sustentabilidad u otros atributos vinculados con los productos. Su adopción puede estimular el intercambio comercial, si la misma facilita el acceso a los destinos de exportación. Pero, por el contrario, también pueden operar como medidas de tipo no arancelario, es decir, como obstáculos para acceder a los mercados. En el caso de los productos alimenticios pesqueros, los estándares de calidad establecidos desde el ámbito privado, brindan a los consumidores información que señaliza la procedencia de las capturas, para operar sobre sus preferencias e incidir en sus decisiones de compra. Estas eco-etiquetas comunican, a través de un sello o logotipo exhibido en el envase del producto, que el alimento en cuestión proviene de una pesquería gestionada de forma sustentable. La información provista genera, en primer lugar, un efecto directo, dado por la consolidación de mercados de productos diferenciados por atributos de proceso, en los que los consumidores pueden abonar primas de precio. Además, podría verificarse un segundo efecto, de tipo indirecto, que consiste en la contribución a mejorar la gestión de la actividad pesquera. Hasta el momento, no se dispone de análisis econométricos que brinden evidencia acerca del desempeño de los sistemas de eco-etiquetado como catalizadores u obstáculos al intercambio internacional de productos pesqueros. A fin de contribuir a esa área de vacancia, el objetivo de esta investigación es determinar si el eco-etiquetado favorece o limita el intercambio comercial de productos pesqueros. Con base en estudios precedentes, la hipótesis del estudio afirma que la existencia de productos eco-etiquetados limita el intercambio global de alimentos pesqueros, pues operaría como una medida no arancelaria establecida como requisito de acceso a los mercados. |
| Keywords: | Comercio Mundial; Productos Pesqueros; Restricciones a los Intercambios; Seguridad Alimentaria; Modelo Gravitacional; |
| Date: | 2018–12–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:3152&r=all |
| By: | Gramig, Ben; Yun, Seong Do |
| Keywords: | Production Economics |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291165&r=all |
| By: | Xu, Yilan; Hu, Wuyang |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290816&r=all |
| By: | Claudia Kemfert; Sophie Schmalz; Nicole Wägner |
| Abstract: | Die Klimaschutzdebatte konzentriert sich derzeit darauf, wie der Ausstoß von Treibhausgasen politisch und ökonomisch am effektivsten gesenkt werden kann. Immer mehr in den Fokus rückt dabei eine verstärkte Bepreisung von Kohlendioxid (CO2) für die Sektoren Wärme und Verkehr, die inzwischen von vielen Seiten unterstützt wird, deren Ausgestaltung aber noch unklar ist. Eine Möglichkeit besteht darin, den EU-Emissionshandel (EU-ETS) auf Verkehr und Gebäude auszuweiten. Dies würde politisch und juristisch aber nur schwer durchsetzbar sein und das Erreichen der Klimaziele deutlich verzögern. Eine weitere Option ist, die Besteuerung zu reformieren, indem eine CO2-basierte Komponente in der Energiesteuer eingeführt wird. Sie wäre schneller umsetzbar, ist auch ökologisch und ökonomisch effizient und daher aus heutiger Sicht eindeutig die überlegene Option. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwakt:20de&r=all |
| By: | Parvez, Rezwanul; Khan Chowdhury, Nazea H. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290699&r=all |
| By: | Tzintzun, Ivan; Guerrero, Santiago |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291258&r=all |
| By: | Berning, Joshua P.; Campbell, Benjamin L. |
| Keywords: | Marketing |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290873&r=all |
| By: | Roland Ismer; Manuel Haußner; Klaus Meßerschmidt; Karsten Neuhoff |
| Abstract: | CO2-Abgaben bergen die Gefahr, einkommensschwächere Haushalte überdurchschnittlich zu belasten. Zur Abwehr solcher regressiven Verteilungswirkungen wird erwogen, einen Teil der Einnahmen durch einen Pro-Kopf-Bonus an die Bürger*innen zurückzugeben. Der vorliegende Beitrag entwickelt einen Vorschlag für einen in das deutsche Krankenversicherungssystem integrierten Bonus. Dazu werden zunächst die Ziele definiert, die ein solcher Bonus verfolgen soll: Er soll die regressive Wirkung der CO2-Abgabe beseitigen, ohne die beabsichtige Lenkungswirkung der CO2-Abgabe zu beeinträchtigen. Zugleich sollen die Verwaltungskosten und die Befolgungskosten der Steuer und des Kompensationsmechanismus möglichst gering sein. Schließlich soll der Mechanismus von möglichst vielen Berechtigten auch tatsächlich in Anspruch genommen werden. Danach werden die institutionellen Details vorgestellt: Der Pro-Kopf-Bonus sollte so weit wie möglich durch Leistung von Zuschüssen über die Krankenversicherungen abgewickelt werden; gesonderte Mechanismen müssten für Empfänger von Transferzahlungen und für Empfänger von Heilfürsorge vorgesehen werden. Abschließend werden die Voraussetzungen dafür aufgezeigt, dass ein solcher Vorschlag mit den verfassungsrechtlichen Vorgaben im Einklang steht. |
| Keywords: | CO2-Steuer, Verteilungswirkung, Rückerstattung, Krankenkasse |
| JEL: | H23 H50 K34 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp1819&r=all |
| By: | Rudolf, Katrin |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291230&r=all |
| By: | Roland Ismer; Manuel Haußner; Klaus Meßerschmidt; Karsten Neuhoff |
| Abstract: | In Deutschland werden CO2-Abgaben als Instrument des Klimaschutzes intensiv diskutiert. Sie bergen aber die Gefahr, einkommensschwache Haushalte überdurchschnittlich zu belasten, also regressiv zu sein. Zur Abwehr solcher negativen Verteilungswirkungen wird erwogen, einen Teil der Einnahmen durch einen Pro-Kopf-Bonus an die Haushalte zurückzugeben. Der vorliegende Beitrag entwickelt einen Vorschlag für einen in das deutsche Krankenversicherungssystem integrierten Bonus, der die regressive Wirkung der CO2-Abgabe beseitigt, ohne ihre beabsichtigte Lenkungswirkung zu beeinträchtigen. Dadurch werden die Kosten des Kompensationsmechanismus gering gehalten. Es werden hier auch die Voraussetzungen für die verfassungsrechtliche Konformität eines solchen Vorschlags aufgezeigt. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwakt:21de&r=all |
| By: | Diego Aboa (Universidad ORT Uruguay. Universidad de la República de Uruguay.); Manuel Garcia Goñi (Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Universidad Complutense de Madrid.); Martin Pereyra (Universidad ORT Uruguay.); Luis Rubalcaba (Universidad de Alcalá.); Gonzalo Zunino (Universidad de la República de Uruguay.) |
| Abstract: | El objetivo de este trabajo es entender los cambios de política y regulación en Uruguay y la Unión Europea que llevaron a la adopción de fuentes de energía renovable no convencionales en un corto período de tiempo. Uruguay es uno de los 3 países del mundo con más del 90% de la electricidad proveniente de fuentes renovables (98% en Uruguay) y donde las renovables no convencionales aportan una contribución significativa. Uruguay también ha lanzado recientemente la primera ruta eléctrica de América Latina, con 500 km y estaciones de carga a intervalos de 60 km. La Unión Europea es una referencia internacional en la promoción del crecimiento económico sostenible y del desarrollo sostenible. Por lo tanto, también examinaremos la experiencia de la Unión Europea en el desarrollo de una agenda verde en la que las fuentes de energía renovables son una parte fundamental. |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to understand the policy and regulation changes in Uruguay and the European Union that led to the adoption of non-conventional renewable sources of energy in a short time span. Uruguay is one of only 3 countries in the world with more tan 90% of the electricity coming from renewable sources (98% in Uruguay) and where nonconventional renewables provide a significant contribution to it. Uruguay has also recently launched the first electric route in Latin America, with 500 Km and charging stations at 60 Km intervals. The European Union is an international reference in the promotion of sustainable economic growth and sustainable development. Therefore, we will also look at the experience of the European Union in the development of a green agenda where renewable sources of energy are a fundamental part of it. |
| Keywords: | Electricidad; Fuentes de energía renovables no convencionales; Política energética; Regulación energética; Uruguay; Unión Europea.; Electricity; Non-conventional Renewable Sources of Energy; Energy Policy; Energy Regulation; Uruguay; European Union. |
| JEL: | I31 Q51 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucm:doctra:19-01&r=all |
| By: | Mishra, Ashok K.; Pede, Valerien O. |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291192&r=all |
| By: | Jones, Michael S.; Brown, Zachary S. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290815&r=all |
| By: | Wu, Qianyan; Bi, Xiang |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290804&r=all |
| By: | Yeh, Ching-Hua; Hartmann, Monika |
| Keywords: | Marketing |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290870&r=all |
| By: | Philipp Kluschke; Fabian Neumann |
| Abstract: | A potential solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector is to use alternatively fueled vehicles (AFV). Heavy-duty vehicles (HDV) emit a large share of GHG emissions in the transport sector and are therefore the subject of growing attention from global regulators. Fuel cell and green hydrogen technologies are a promising option to decarbonize HDVs, as their fast refueling and long vehicle ranges are in line with current logistic operation concepts. Moreover, the application of green hydrogen in transport could enable more effective integration of renewable energies (RE) across different energy sectors. This paper explores the interplay between HDV Hydrogen Refueling Stations (HRS) that produce hydrogen locally and the power system by combining an infrastructure location planning model and an energy system optimization model that takes grid expansion options into account. Two scenarios - one sizing refueling stations in symbiosis with the power system and one sizing them independently of it - are assessed regarding their impacts on the total annual energy system costs, regional RE integration and the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH). The impacts are calculated based on locational marginal pricing for 2050. Depending on the integration scenario, we find average LCOH of between 5.66 euro/kg and 6.20 euro/kg, for which nodal electricity prices are the main determining factor as well as a strong difference in LCOH between north and south Germany. From a system perspective, investing in HDV-HRS in symbiosis with the power system rather than independently promises cost savings of around one billion-euros per annum. We therefore conclude that the co-optimization of multiple energy sectors is important for investment planning and has the potential to exploit synergies. |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1908.10119&r=all |
| By: | Cong Peng |
| Abstract: | Traditional retail involves traffic both from warehouses to stores and from consumers to stores. E-commerce cuts intermediate traffic by delivering goods directly from the warehouses to the consumers. Although plenty of evidence has shown that vans that are servicing e-commerce are a growing contributor to traffic and congestion, consumers are also making less shopping trips using vehicles. This poses the question of whether e-commerce reduces traffic congestion. The paper exploits the exogenous shock of an influential online shopping retail discount event in China (similar to Cyber Monday), to investigate how the rapid growth of e-commerce affects urban traffic congestion. Portraying e-commerce as trade across cities, I specified a CES demand system with heterogeneous consumers to model consumption, vehicle demand and traffic congestion. I tracked hourly traffic congestion data in 94 Chinese cities in one week before and two weeks after the event. In the week after the event, intra-city traffic congestion dropped by 1.7% during peaks and 1% during non-peak hours. Using Baidu Index (similar to Google Trends) as a proxy for online shopping, I found online shopping increasing by about 1.6 times during the event. Based on the model, I find evidence for a 10% increase in online shopping causing a 1.4% reduction in traffic congestion, with the effect most salient from 9am to 11am and from 7pm to midnight. A welfare analysis conducted for Beijing suggests that the congestion relief effect has a monetary value of around 239 million dollars a year. The finding suggests that online shopping is more traffic-efficient than offline shopping, along with sizable knock-on welfare gains. |
| Keywords: | e-commerce, traffic congestion, heterogeneous consumers, shopping vehicle demand, air pollution |
| JEL: | R4 O3 |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1646&r=all |
| By: | Atallah, Shadi S.; Lopes, Adrian |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291134&r=all |
| By: | Soliman, Heba Y. M. |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a model of an energy independent smart pole operating under the 5G technological umbrella. Types of sensors necessary for the smart cities operation are described. Suitable Sustainable energy sources for the pole operation are presented. |
| Keywords: | sustainable smart city,independent smart pole |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itsm19:201746&r=all |
| By: | Gaviola, Saúl Ricardo; D'Atri, Walter Mariano; Gualdoni, Patricia |
| Abstract: | En Argentina, el Régimen de Cuotas Individuales Transferibles de Captura (CITC) en la pesquería de merluza (Merluccius hubbsi), unidad de manejo al sur del paralelo 41º, establece un cupo exclusivo para asignar a la flota artesanal. La reserva artesanal se fijó en 2,76% de la Captura Máxima Permisible (CMP) de la especie merluza. Este trabajo analiza la evolución de la asignación de la Reserva Artesanal para la captura de merluza (Merluccius hubbsi) entre los años 2010 y 2015. Se utilizaron como fuentes de información los Informes anuales del Régimen de CITC elaborados por la Dirección de Administración Pesquera de la Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura, perteneciente al Ministerio de Agroindustria de Argentina y los partes de pesca de las embarcaciones respectivas. La Reserva Artesanal de merluza fue utilizada por 47 embarcaciones de cuatro provincias con litoral marítimo. El 77% de las embarcaciones con cuota artesanal está radicado en los puertos de Rawson (Chubut) y Caleta Olivia (Santa Cruz). En los seis primeros años del Régimen CITC, los desembarques de la flota que utilizó la Reserva Artesanal superaron la asignación del 2,76% de la CMP establecida legalmente. El mayor registro de desembarques de merluza se obtuvo en el año 2013 con 15.442 toneladas, duplicando la asignación de la reserva. En los últimos dos años se observó una convergencia de los desembarques al nivel establecido por la Reserva Artesanal. |
| Keywords: | Cuota de Pesca; Capturas de Pescado; Pesca Artesanal; Merluza; Argentina; |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:3167&r=all |
| By: | Fateh Belaid (Lille Catholic University, Faculty of Management, Economics & Sciences); Ahmed H. Elsayed (2 Department of Economics & Finance, Durham University, UK, Department of Economics, Faculty of Commerce, Zagazig University, Egypt) |
| Abstract: | Policymakers in MENA Region face several choices to increase levels of renewable energy production under various risks and obstacles, including technological and financial severe constraints. This article investigates a crucial question, which has risen in the last few years both in policy and economic literature; that is, the role of various factors in shaping renewable energy production. The core message of this article is that political stability, governance quality and financial development may play an important role to spur renewable energy development in MENA countries. Accordingly, an innovative panel quantile regression model with non-additive fixed effect has been developed to analyse the main drivers of renewable energy production in selected MENA countries over the period 1984-2014. Our findings confirm that the effect of the political stability index on renewable energy production is clearly heterogeneous and supports earlier claims about the importance of political stability to foster the investments in renewable energy sector. Furthermore, we highlighted that governance effectiveness is a significant determinant of the renewable energy production in MENA countries. We notice that the effect is more pronounced at the lower quantile, indicating that impact of governance effectiveness has higher impact in low renewable energy production countries. Our results also argue that the development of financial sector has a positive and statistically significant impact on renewable energy production, across the renewable energy production distribution. It also argues that there is a complementarity relationship between government effectiveness and financial development in promoting the production of renewable energy production. From policy perspectives, our research allows the identification of possible ways of fostering the rate of renewable energy production in MENA Region. |
| Date: | 2019–08–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1322&r=all |
| By: | Zhong, Jia; Khanna, Madhu |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291254&r=all |
| By: | Minegishi, Kota; Boaitey, Albert K. |
| Keywords: | Marketing |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290860&r=all |
| By: | Valdes-Donoso, Pablo; Sumner, Daniel A. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290919&r=all |
| By: | McFadden, Jonathan |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290890&r=all |
| By: | Carolyn Chisadza (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa); Matthew Clance (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa); Rangan Gupta (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa); Mark E. Wohar (College of Business Administration, University of Nebraska; USA. School of Business and Economics, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the impact of oil discoveries on conflict. We argue that rents from resources are only part of the resource curse story, with discoveries of natural resources being just as prominent. Using a new measure for oil discoveries for a global panel of countries between 1960 and 2012, we find a positive correlation between oil discoveries and conflict, controlling for regional effects and other conflict determinants. Further analysis by type of conflict reveals that the discovery of oil deposits increases intrastate conflict in relation to interstate conflict, more so ethnic violence within countries. These effects are evident within a year of discovering the oil, and are persistent for over ten years after the discovery. The results also indicate that North Africa and Middle East countries are the most affected by oil discoveries in relation to other global regions. We find similar positive effects on conflict with quantity of oil discovered, as well as the expectation of oil discoveries. Interestingly, while institutions have a significant non-linear effect on conflict, they appear to have no significant mitigating effect when interacted with oil discoveries. The implication of this result may allude to countries with natural resources needing more transparent institutions to alleviate the resource curse. Overall, we believe the results from this study will provide some further understanding to the complex nature involving natural resources and incidences of conflict. |
| Keywords: | panel data, conflict, natural resources |
| JEL: | C23 O13 O50 Q34 |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pre:wpaper:201964&r=all |
| By: | Afesorgbor, Sylvanus Kwaku; Demena, Binyam A. |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291225&r=all |
| By: | Dakpo, K Hervé; Femenia, Fabienne |
| Keywords: | Production Economics |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291146&r=all |
| By: | Haque, Samiul; Akbar, Rushde |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290936&r=all |
| By: | Abedullah (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad); Shahzad Kouser (COMSATS University, Islamabad) |
| Abstract: | In developing countries, vegetable markets are inefficient in terms of information exchanges between producers and consumers on food safety attributes. This study attempts to investigate the determinants of pesticide residues and estimate information efficiency of vegetable market, by using data collected from a representative sample of 360 farmers in Pakistani Punjab. Chromatography technique is employed to quantify pesticide residues in four common vegetables. Majority of the vegetable samples surpasses the maximum residues limits; hence, they are lemons (bad products). Results of pesticide residue model show that magnitudes of pesticide residues in vegetables vary with pesticide quantity and spray interval at the farm level. Results of information efficiency model reveal that vegetable prices are negatively but insignificantly correlated with pesticides residues, implying that vegetable market is a lemon market in Pakistan. Proper implementation of food safety standards and product labelling may help to provide safe vegetables to consumers. |
| Keywords: | Vegetables, Information Asymmetry, Lemons Market, Gas Chromatography, Pesticide Residues, Food Safety, Pakistan. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pid:wpaper:2019:167&r=all |
| By: | Geoffrey Heal |
| Abstract: | I calculate the cost of replacing all power stations in the U.S. using coal and gas by wind and solar power stations by 2050, leaving electric power generation in the U.S. carbon free. Allowing for the savings in the cost of fossil fuel arising from the replacement of fossil fuel plants this is roughly $150 billion annually. Allowing in addition for the fact that most fossil plants in the U.S. are already old and would have to be replaced before 2050 even if we were not to go fossil free, this annual cost is reduced to $23 billion. |
| JEL: | Q0 Q01 Q50 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:26084&r=all |
| By: | Khurana, Ritika; Elbakidze, Levan |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291244&r=all |
| By: | Mulungu, Kelvin H.; Manning, Dale |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291113&r=all |
| By: | Risius, Antje; Spiller, Achim |
| Keywords: | Marketing |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:290867&r=all |