|
on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Emma Watkins; Jean-Pierre Schweitzer; Eeva Leinala; Peter Börkey |
| Abstract: | Plastics are an important material in the economy but present a challenge for waste management, resource efficiency and the environment. Low rates of recycling and high rates of environmental leakage represent key sustainability challenges for plastics as well as product designers and producers. The chemical composition of plastics, including their additives, create physical and toxicological barriers to ‘closing the loop’ on the material, and creates risks such as low quality secondary materials or ecological exposure to hazardous chemicals. A range of policy instruments can be applied to improve the sustainability of plastics, including regulations, market-based instruments, information and voluntary tools. The report reviews the current use of instruments in each of these categories, provides a number of good practice examples, such as product taxes and charges, eco-design standards, extended producer responsibility and environmental product labels, as well as discussing opportunities for their future applications. |
| Keywords: | circular economy, plastics, policy instruments, resource efficiency |
| JEL: | Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019–07–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaaa:149-en&r=all |
| By: | Fleming, David A; Preston, Kate |
| Abstract: | Evaluating the benefits of publicly funded research is always a challenging task. This paper cannot produce air-tight quantification of the benefits of Sustainable Land Management and Climate Change (SLMACC) research. We do, however, demonstrate the key building blocks of significant impact have been obtained. First, it is clear that public funding has contributed importantly to New Zealand’s positioning itself as one of the leading global contributors to agricultural mitigation research. Second, the prominence of the research combined with the low likelihood of research occurring on this scale without public support suggests strongly that the results would not have been obtained absent public funding. Finally, though the realization of ultimate environmental and/or economic benefits will depend on the evolution of farming practices and climate change policy settings, the advances in genetic markers for low CH4 animals and identification of emission-reducing management practices have the potential for GHG emission reductions that would be significant in environmental terms, and whose value at likely carbon pricing levels would be in the hundreds of millions of dollars. Although the results discussed are conditional on several factors such as future policy implementation, adoption rates and the practical availability of mitigation options and practices for different farm landscapes; the impacts, economic and environmental values attached to mitigation research cannot be overlooked and provide important insights to the benefits that public investments can make to the development of a more sustainable agricultural system for the country. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Public Economics |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:motuwp:290500&r=all |
| By: | Svetlana Vegera (Polatsk State University); Alena Malei (Polatsk State University); Renata Trubovich (Polatsk State University) |
| Abstract: | Since the end of the 20th century, in the context of developing rational consumption of natural resources, energy efficiency and solving environmental problems related to the management and burial of municipal waste, there is a need to take into account the consumption of natural capital, its degradation, as well as to determine the growth of gaseous energy resources in assessing economic growth in both the whole country, and in a separate organization that buries municipal waste and extract biogas. Therefore, the authors set forward the objective of the research: to develop the account of gaseous resources stocks (biogas) and assimilation resource as elements of natural capital. For the purpose of the achievement of aim, the authors apply generally accepted economic research methods. The article considers the economic essence of assimilation and gaseous energy resources of municipal waste as new objects of accounting. Both accounting objects are considered as long-term assets. The authors propose an accounting model for natural resources, which provides with information on the consumption of ecosystem capital and its degradation. It is proposed to estimate the assimilation potential of the environment at fair value (according to the current market) in the presented accounting model. As a result of the study on the possibilities of applying parallel accounting for long-term natural resources, we propose to account the gaseous resources in two assessments: on the one hand, based on actual costs associated with investing in the formation and attraction of alternative technogenic energy resources in economic activity, on the other hand-at the fair value (current market value) of the methane stocks. |
| Keywords: | assimilative capacity,municipal waste,biogas,technogenic energy resource,mineral resource,natural capital,assimilation resource,assimilative potential |
| Date: | 2018–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02121141&r=all |
| By: | Kreickemeier, Udo; Richter, Philipp M. |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we analyse the effects of a unilateral change in an emissions tax in a model of international trade with heterogeneous firms. We find a positive effect of tighter environmental policy on average productivity in the reforming country through reallocation of labour towards exporting firms. Domestic aggregate emissions fall, due to both a scale and a technique effect, but we show that the reduction in emissions following the tax increase is smaller than in autarky. Moreover, general equilibrium effects through changes in the foreign wage rate lead to a reduction in foreign emissions and, hence, to negative emissions leakage in case of transboundary pollution. |
| Keywords: | Strategic Environmental Policy,Firm Location,Carbon Leakage,General Equilibrium,Trade and environment,Heterogeneous firms,Unilateral environmental policy,Emissions leakage |
| JEL: | F18 F12 F15 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:tudcep:0419&r=all |
| By: | Fleming, David A.; Noy, Ilan; Pastor-Paz, Jacob; Owen, Sally |
| Abstract: | Climate change appears to be increasing the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events, negatively affecting communities as well as posing long-term sustainability challenges to insurance (risk transfer) mechanisms. New Zealand’s public natural hazard insurer, the Earthquake Commission (EQC), covers homeowners for damage to land (and in some cases to dwellings and contents) caused by landslip, storm or flood. We comprehensively explore the EQC claims data to investigate these weather-related claims from 2000-2017. We find no clear upward trend yet emerging in the number of claims or their value. We find that the northern regions of both islands are the source of most claims, that only a handful of weather events caused a large proportion of EQC’s weather-related pay-outs, that the average property lodging a weather-related claim is located twice as close to the coast as the national average, and that properties with claims usually are cited on much steeper land than the typical property in New Zealand. We also explore the relationship between claims and socio-economic characteristics, finding that higher income neighbourhoods appear to be those most benefiting from the EQC coverage for weather events. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:motuwp:290502&r=all |
| By: | Alessandro Palma (University of Naples Parthenope & CEIS University of Rome "Tor Vergata"); Inna Petrunyk (Leuphana University Lueneburg); Daniela Vuri (CEIS & DEF University of Rome "Tor Vergata") |
| Abstract: | We investigate the impact of fetal exposure to air pollution on health outcomes at birth in Italy in the 2000s combining information on mother’s residential location from birth certificates with information on PM10 concentrations from air quality monitors. The potential endogeneity deriving from differential pollution exposure is addressed by exploiting as-good-as-random variation in rainfall shocks as an instrumental variable for air pollution concentrations. Our results show that both average levels of PM10 and days above the hazard limit have detrimental effects on birth weight, duration of gestation as well as overall health status at birth. These effects are mainly driven by pollution exposure during the third trimester of pregnancy and further differ in size with respect to the maternal socio-economic status, suggesting that babies born to socially disadvantaged mothers are more vulnerable. Given the non negligible effects of pollution on birth outcomes, further policy efforts are needed to fully protect fetuses from the adverse effects of air pollution and to mitigate the environmental inequality of health at birth. |
| Keywords: | pollution, particulate matter, birth weight, pre-term birth, environmental policies. |
| JEL: | I18 J13 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019–07–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rtv:ceisrp:464&r=all |
| By: | Daniel Jeongdae Lee (Macroeconomic Policy and Financing for Development Division, ESCAP); Zhenqian Huang (Macroeconomic Policy and Financing for Development Division, ESCAP) |
| Abstract: | Significant levels of additional financing will be required to meet the levels of investment required to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals, and that this financing will need to come from a variety of both public and private flows and instruments. There are some Goals which are by their nature reliant on public funding, while other offer greater potential for private funding. The ones requiring public funding are education and health, climate change adaptation, and ecosystems/biodiversity. |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unt:pbmpdd:pb94&r=all |
| By: | Zhenqian Huang (Macroeconomic Policy and Financing for Development Division, ESCAP) |
| Abstract: | The Asia Pacific region, hosting five of ten most vulnerable countries to climate change, contributes to over half of the world’s total greenhouse gas (GHG). During 1990 and 2012, greenhouse gas emissions in the region doubled (figure 1). Climate-induced higher temperatures, sea level rise, and extreme weather events are having a major impact on the region, harming its economies, natural and physical assets, and compounding developmental challenges, including poverty, food and energy security and health. Without climate-oriented development, climate change could push more than 100 million people from the region into extreme poverty by 2030, wiping out poverty reduction gains of past decades (ESCAP, 2016). |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unt:pbmpdd:pb91&r=all |
| By: | Matthew E. Kahn; Kamiar Mohaddes; Ryan N. C. Ng; M. Hashem Pesaran; Mehdi Raissi; Jui-Chung Yang |
| Abstract: | We study the long-term impact of climate change on economic activity across countries, using a stochastic growth model where labour productivity is affected by country-specific climate variables - defined as deviations of temperature and precipitation from their historical norms. Using a panel data set of 174 countries over the years 1960 to 2014, we find that per-capita real output growth is adversely affected by persistent changes in the temperature above or below its historical norm, but we do not obtain any statistically significant effects for changes in precipitation. Our counterfactual analysis suggests that a persistent increase in average global temperature by 0.04oC per year, in the absence of mitigation policies, reduces world real GDP per capita by 7.22 percent by 2100. On the other hand, abiding by the Paris Agreement, thereby limiting the temperature increase to 0.01oC per annum, reduces the loss substantially to 1.07 percent. These effects vary significantly across countries. We also provide supplementary evidence using data on a sample of 48 U.S. states between 1963 and 2016, and show that climate change has a long-lasting adverse impact on real output in various states and economic sectors, and on labour productivity and employment. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, economic growth, adaptation, counterfactual analysis |
| JEL: | C33 O40 O44 O51 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2019-49&r=all |
| By: | Udo Kreickemeier; Philipp M. Richter |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we analyse the effects of a unilateral change in an emissions tax in a model of international trade with heterogeneous firms. We find a positive effect of tighter environmental policy on average productivity in the reforming country through reallocation of labour towards exporting firms. Domestic aggregate emissions fall, due to both a scale and a technique effect, but we show that the reduction in emissions following the tax increase is smaller than in autarky. Moreover, general equilibrium effects through changes in the foreign wage rate lead to a reduction in foreign emissions and, hence, to negative emissions leakage in case of transboundary pollution. |
| Keywords: | Trade and environment; Heterogeneous firms; Unilateral environmental policy; Emissions leakage |
| JEL: | F18 F12 F15 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp1807&r=all |
| By: | Hao Jiang (RSM - Département Réseaux, Sécurité et Multimédia - UEB - Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany - Télécom Bretagne - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]); Eric Ballot (Service d'immunologie et hématologies biologiques [Saint-Antoine] - UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - APHP - Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP]); Shenle Pan (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Urban logistics is becoming more complicated and costlier due to new challenges in recent years. Since the main problem lies on congestion, the clean vehicle is not necessarily the most effective solution. There is thus a need to redesign the logistics networks in the city. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate different distribution schemes in the city among which we find the most efficient and sustainable one. External impacts are added to the analysis of schemes, including accident, air pollution, climate change, noise, and congestion. An optimization model based on an analytical model is developed to optimize transportation means and distribution schemes. Results based on Bordeaux city show that PI scheme improves the performances of distribution. |
| Keywords: | urban logistics,distribution scheme,optimization,sustainability,urban freight transportation,analytical model,Physical Internet |
| Date: | 2019–07–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02172073&r=all |
| By: | Kiatkanid Pongpanich (Macroeconomic Policy and Financing for Development Division, ESCAP) |
| Abstract: | The 2030 Agenda encompasses a broad scope of ambition for clean water and sanitation. Sustainable Development Goal 6 – clean water and sanitation, goes beyond the call for universal access to safe and affordable drinking water and sanitation, and ending open defecation to include increasing water-use efficiency, water quality as well as water resource management to help conserve water-related ecosystems. Access to safe water and sanitation for all is an essential requirement for attaining health targets (SDG 3) and reducing deaths attributed to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene. Under SDG 9, water and sanitation are basic infrastructures that support well-being and economic development. |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unt:pbmpdd:pb96&r=all |
| By: | Antoci, Angelo; Borghesi, Simone; Galdi, Giulio; Vergalli, Sergio |
| Abstract: | The global nature of the climatic challenge requires a high level of cooperation among agents, especially since most of the related coping strategies produce some kind of externalities toward others. Whether they are positive or negative, the presence of externalities may lead the system towards Pareto-dominated states. In this work, we study under and over-adoption of environmental adaptation technologies which enhance environmental quality for the individual while transferring externalities to other agents. We distinguish adaptation technologies between maladaptation and mitigation ones, depending on the sign of the externalities. In particular, we show that over adoption may occur for maladaptive technologies, whereas under-adoption may occur in case of mitigation. We study a model with two regions at different stages of development, which allows us to draw considerations on well-being consequences of environmental dumping. |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2019–07–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemec:291523&r=all |
| By: | Simplice A. Asongu (Yaoundé/Cameroon); Nicholas M. Odhiambo (Pretoria, South Africa) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the relevance of government quality in moderating the incidence of environmental degradation on inclusive human development in 44 sub-Saharan African countries for the period 2000-2012. Environmental degradation is measured with CO2 emissions and the governance dynamics include: political stability, voice and accountability, government effectiveness, regulation quality, the rule of law and corruption-control. The empirical evidence is based on the Generalised Method of Moments. Regulation quality modulates CO2 emissions to exert a net negative effect on inclusive development. Institutional governance (consisting of corruption-control and the rule of law) modulates CO2 emissions to also exert a net negative effect on inclusive human development. Fortunately, the corresponding interactive effects are positive, which indicates that good governance needs to be enhanced to achieve positive net effects. A policy threshold of institutional governance at which institutional governance completely dampens the unfavourable effect of CO2 emissions on inclusive human development is established. Other policy implications are discussed. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions; Economic development; Africa |
| JEL: | C52 O38 O40 O55 P37 |
| Date: | 2019–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:19/011&r=all |
| By: | Daniel Jeongdae Lee (Macroeconomic Policy and Financing for Development Division, ESCAP); Shuvojit Banerjee (Macroeconomic Policy and Financing for Development Division, ESCAP); Zheng Jian (Macroeconomic Policy and Financing for Development Division, ESCAP) |
| Abstract: | Infrastructure is critical to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. It is represented in Goal 9 along with industrialization and innovation, but also implicit in many other Goals including food security, health, decent jobs and cities and human settlements. Among infrastructure sectors, progress on Goal 7 on clean energy would be critical for limiting global warming to well below two degrees Celsius. ESCAP’s Economic and Social Survey 2019 estimates that developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region would have to invest an additional $196 billion per year in transport, ICT and water and sanitation infrastructure, and new investments of $434 billion to achieve Goal 7 on affordable and clean energy for all. |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unt:pbmpdd:pb92&r=all |
| By: | Simplice A. Asongu (Yaoundé/Cameroon); Nicholas M. Odhiambo (Pretoria, South Africa) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates how increasing economic development affects the green economy in terms of CO2 emissions, using data from 44 countries in the SSA for the period 2000-2012. The Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) is used for the empirical analysis. The following main findings are established. First, relative to CO2 emissions, enhancing economic growth and population growth engenders a U-shaped pattern whereas increasing inclusive human development shows a Kuznets curve. Second, increasing GDP growth beyond 25% of annual growth is unfavorable for a green economy. Third, a population growth rate of above 3.089% (i.e. annual %) has a positive effect of CO2 emissions. Fourth, an inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI) of above 0.4969 is beneficial for a green economy because it is associated with a reduction in CO2 emissions. The established critical masses have policy relevance because they are situated within the policy ranges of adopted economic development dynamics. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions; Economic development; Africa |
| JEL: | C52 O38 O40 O55 P37 |
| Date: | 2019–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:19/010&r=all |
| By: | Marion Leroutier (Paris School of Economics (PSE), Université Paris I-Panthéon-Sorbonne, Centre International de Recherche pour l'Environnement et le Développement (CIRED)) |
| Abstract: | The electricity and heat generation sector represents about 40 % of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2016. Policy-makers have implemented a variety of instruments to decarbonise their power sector. This paper examines the UK Carbon Price Floor (CPF), a novel carbon pricing instrument implemented in the United Kingdom in 2013. After describing the potential mechanisms behind the recent UK power sector decarbonisation, I apply the synthetic control method on country-level data to estimate the impact of the CPF on per capita emissions. I discuss the importance of potential confounders and the amount of net electricity imports imputable to the policy. Depending on the specification, the abatement associated with the introduction of the CPF range from 106 to 185 millions tons of equivalent CO2 over the 2013-2017 period. This implies a reduction of between 41% and 49% of total power sector emissions by 2017. Several placebo tests suggest that these estimates capture a causal impact. This paper shows that a carbon levy on high-emitting inputs used for electricity generation can lead to successful decarbonisation. |
| Keywords: | carbon tax, electricity generation, synthetic control method |
| JEL: | D22 H23 Q41 Q48 |
| Date: | 2019–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fae:ppaper:2019.03&r=all |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Grenada has made significant strides to counter climate change but meeting the daunting remaining challenges will require domestic policy actions and sustained international support. Climate change is an existential threat to Grenada. Increasing frequency and intensity of coastal storms threatens infrastructure and livelihoods, as do increased risk of coastal flooding and drought. Notably, Hurricane Ivan in 2004 caused damages of over 200 percent of GDP. Grenada has recognized this by placing climate resilience at the center of its policy making and forging strategic alliances with key global climate finance providers. However, the challenges facing the country remain daunting and will require large increases in international support, both financial and technical, to assist the Grenadian authorities turn their impressive resilience plans into action. |
| Date: | 2019–07–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:19/193&r=all |
| By: | Hackenesch, Christine; Bergmann, Julian; Keijzer, Niels; Koch, Svea |
| Abstract: | Mit dem nächsten Mehrjährigen Finanzrahmen (MFR) legt die EU nicht nur die finanziellen, sondern auch politischen Schwerpunkte bis 2030 fest. Während der MFR-Verhandlungen stellt sich damit die Frage, welche politischen Ziele die EU künftig verfolgen will. Die durch die EU entscheidend mitgestaltete Agenda 2030 für nachhaltige Entwicklung und ihre 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) sollten für diese Debatte richtungsgebend sein. In der EU-Binnenpolitik sollte die Agenda 2030 dazu beitragen, das europäische Budget stärker auf sozial benachteiligte Gruppen zu fokussieren, den ökologischen Fußabdruck der EU zu reduzieren und ein nachhaltiges Wirtschaftswachstum zu befördern. Dadurch könnte der MFR zugleich die Unterstützung der Bürgerinnen und Bürger für Europa stärken. In den EU-Außenbeziehungen erfordert die Agenda, nicht nur kurzfristige sicherheits- und migrationspolitische Interessen in den Vordergrund zu rücken, sondern das Budget auch an langfristigen entwicklungspolitischen Zielen auszurichten. So könnte die EU sich international und gegenüber Industrie-, Schwellen- und Entwicklungsländern als Vorreiter für nachhaltige Entwicklung positionieren. Für die Berücksichtigung der Agenda 2030 im nächsten MFR sind zwei Fragen zentral. Wo hat die EU die größten Defizite in der Umsetzung der Agenda 2030 und der SDGs? In welchen Bereichen kann der MFR wichtige Beiträge leisten? Wir machen fünf Vorschläge zur Berücksichtigung der Agenda 2030 im nächsten MFR. Diese Vorschläge sind komplementär und sollten parallel verfolgt werden: (1) Prinzipien der Agenda 2030 im MFR verankern: Einzelne Prinzipien der Agenda 2030 wie Leave no one behind, Universalität und Politikkohärenz für nachhaltige Entwicklung fordern die EU auf, die SDGs nicht nur in den Außenbeziehungen, sondern z. B. auch in den Agrar- oder Strukturfonds zu berücksichtigen, die negativen Auswirkungen von EU-Politiken für Drittländer zu reduzieren und positive Wechselwirkungen zu fördern. (2) Den SDGs einzelne Rubriken zuordnen: Der MFR sollte den globalen SDGs einzelne Rubriken zuordnen und Mindestkriterien festlegen, zu wie vielen SDGs und Targets jede Rubrik mindestens beitragen sollte. Alle Rubriken sollten die drei Dimensionen von Nachhaltigkeit – Ökonomie, Ökologie und Soziales – befördern. (3) Nachhaltigkeitsprinzip mainstreamen: Das Nachhaltigkeitsprinzip sollte bereichsübergreifend verankert werden. Das heißt, das Klima-Mainstreaming müsste um Ziele für soziale und ökonomische Nachhaltigkeit ergänzt werden. (4) In Rubrik IV (Außenbeziehungen) müsste die bilaterale Kooperation an den SDG-Strategien der Partner ausgerichtet werden. Es sollten zudem drei bis vier thematische Flagship-Programme zur Kooperation mit Ländern aller Einkommensgruppen bspw. in den Bereichen Urbanisierung, Ungleichheit oder Klimawandel geschaffen werden. (5) Querschnittsthemen: Der Nachfolger des Programms Horizon 2020 sollte mehr in die Forschung zu Nachhaltigkeit investieren. Die Impact Assessments sollten stärker die soziale und ökologische Dimension von Nachhaltigkeit berücksichtigen. Der nächste MFR sollte klare Vorgaben zu nachhaltiger Beschaffung machen. |
| Keywords: | Deutsche + Europäische + multilaterale Entwicklungspolitik,Agenda 2030 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:dieaus:32018&r=all |
| By: | White, Dominic; Winchester, Niven; Atkins, Martin; Ballingall, John; Coates, Simon; Mercader, Ferran de Miguel; Greenhalgh, Suzie; Kerr, Andrew; Kerr, Suzi; Leaver, Jonathan; Leining, Catherine; Monge, Juan; Neale, James; Philpott, Andrew; Smart, Vincent; Stroombergen, Adolf; Suomalainen, Kiti |
| Abstract: | As New Zealand charts its course toward a low-emissions economy, the quality of energy-sector and multi-sector modelling is becoming increasingly important. This paper outlines why models are useful for answering complex questions, provides a stocktake of energy-sector and multi-sector models used for climate change mitigation modelling in New Zealand, and makes suggestions for improving future modelling work. While New Zealand is fortunate to have a range of different modelling tools, these have historically been used in a sporadic and ad hoc way, and underlying datasets are deficient in some areas. As the foundation for a more strategic development of New Zealand’s modelling capability, this paper profiles some of the energy-sector and multi-sector models and datasets currently applied in New Zealand. New Zealand’s modelling capability could be strengthened by collecting and sharing data more effectively; building understanding of underlying relationships informed by primary research; creating more collaborative and transparent processes for applying common datasets; increasing international collaboration; and conducting more integrated modelling across environmental issues. These improvements will require strategic policies and processes for refining model development; providing increased, predictable and sustained funding for modelling activities, underlying data collection and primary research; and strengthening networks across modellers inside and outside of government. Many of the suggested improvements could be realised by creating an integrated framework for climate change mitigation modelling in New Zealand. This framework would bring together a suite of models and a network of researchers to assess climate change mitigation policies regularly. Core elements of the framework would include a central repository of data, input assumptions and scenarios, and a “dashboard” that synthesises results from different models to allow decision-makers to understand and apply the insights from the models more easily. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:motuwp:290496&r=all |
| By: | Zhenqian Huang (Macroeconomic Policy and Financing for Development Division, ESCAP) |
| Abstract: | Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 calls for affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all. The Goal is particularly relevant to the Asia-Pacific region where rapid and sustained economic growth, an increasing population, expanding industrialisation and rapid urbanisation have driven strong growth in energy demand. Ensuring sufficient energy supply while moving to more sustainable energy resources is critical for sustainable development in the region. |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unt:pbmpdd:pb88&r=all |
| By: | Karen Turner; Gioele Figus; Kim Swales; L. (Lisa B.) Ryan; et al. |
| Abstract: | Technological change is necessary for economies to grow and develop. This paper investigates how this technological change could be directed in order to simultaneously reduce carbon-intensive energy use and deliver a range of economic benefits. Using both partial and general equilibrium modelling, we consider improvements in the efficiency in the delivery of electricity as an increasingly low carbon option in the UK. We demonstrate how linking this to policy action to assist and encourage households to substitute away from more carbon-intensive gas- to electricity-powered heating systems may change the composition of energy use, and implied emissions intensity, but not the level of the resulting economic expansion. |
| Keywords: | Technological change; CGE models; Multiple benefits; Rebound |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucn:oapubs:10197/10840&r=all |
| By: | Lanshina, Tatiana (Ланьшина, Татьяна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The paper analyzes key approaches to the prioritization, localization and implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the national level. The analysis of sustainable development strategies and policies in this area in a number of developed and developing countries of the world. Studied Russia's position on the implementation of the SDGs |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:071903&r=all |
| By: | Seyyedmilad Talebzadehhosseini; Steven R. Scheinert; Amirarsalan Rajabi; Mostafa Saeidi; Ivan Garibay |
| Abstract: | Existing research argues that countries increase their production baskets based on the available capabilities, adding products which require similar capabilities to those already produced, a process referred to as path dependency. Expansions to include goods that use divergent capabilities from those currently in the economy requires a structural change in available capabilities. Structural changes in existing capabilities contributes to countries economic growth and development. Economic development increases environmental risks from higher consumption of energy and natural resources. Managing that risk is critical and a transition to a green economy can help. The main objective of this research is to determine if structural changes or path dependency drives the expansion in production of green economy products. We consider a dataset with 138 countries over the period of 2008 to 2017, with a focus on specific case study examples, including all countries in the world and China. The results of this research show countries increased their green production baskets based on their available capabilities following path dependency as well as by expanding to products that path dependency does not predict. This suggests that, while path dependency may explain some expansion in green economies, additional theories are needed to fully explain observed green economic expansion. |
| Date: | 2019–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1906.05269&r=all |
| By: | Djamel Fellag (CEREFIGE - Centre Européen de Recherche en Economie Financière et Gestion des Entreprises - UL - Université de Lorraine) |
| Abstract: | Le concept de territoire est une préoccupation majeure des recherches en sciences sociales et humaines en général et en sciences économiques et de gestion en particulier (Bazillier et al.,). Les économistes mobilisent le territoire comme un niveau d'analyse pertinent (Ferguene, 2003) et le considèrent à l'origine de ressources idiosyncrasiques, source d'avantage concurrentiel et de développement économique local (Benko et Pecqueur, 2001). En sciences de gestion et plus particulièrement en stratégie, les chercheurs se focalisent sur la localisation stratégique des entreprises et leur dynamique d'insertion territoriale (Carluer, 2006 ; Razafindrazaka & Durantaye, 2008). Ils montrent comment les entreprises peuvent bénéficier ou non des effets de la mondialisation de l'économie. Ils s'intéressent également au territoire en tant que ressource et capacités stratégiques reposant sur une proximité plurielle (géographique, culturelle, relationnelle, technologique et organisationnelle). Les dimensions et autres réalités géographique, politique, ou sociologique essentielles liées au territoire ne peuvent être occultées. Ces dimensions peuvent faire l'objet d'analyse spécifique ou être intégrées dans des réflexions plus économiques, stratégiques et managériales. A partir de ces éléments, les définitions et approches portant sur le concept de territoire sont nombreuses et foisonnantes. Une lecture pluri-disciplinaire montre que les principaux travaux portent sur la singularité de la ressource territoriale et des liens qu'elle entretient avec des concepts proches comme l'espace, la proximité, l'environnement, la représentation, la gouvernance. Nous proposons de définir, ici, le territoire comme un espace géographique ayant des spécificités naturelles, culturelles et économiques que des groupes s'approprient en agençant des ressources matérielles et symboliques (Debarbieux, 2003). Le territoire devient dès lors une construction à la fois sociopolitique et économique. En effet, l'émergence d'un territoire se fonde sur l'appropriation d'un espace par un acteur ou un groupe d'acteurs. Di Méo (1998) met l'accent sur l'ensemble des dimensions de la réalité sociale. « Le territoire témoigne d'une appropriation à la fois économique, idéologique et politique (sociale donc) de l'espace par des groupes qui se donnent une représentation particulière d'eux-mêmes, de leur histoire, de leur singularité » |
| Date: | 2018–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02159998&r=all |
| By: | Andrey Rogalev (MPEI - Moscow Power Engineering Institute); Ivan Komarov (MPEI - Moscow Power Engineering Institute); Vladimir Kindra (MPEI - Moscow Power Engineering Institute); Olga Zlyvko (MPEI - Moscow Power Engineering Institute) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a comparative entrepreneurial analysis of modern combined-cycle power generation technologies and future-oriented high-efficiency oxy-fuel combustion cycles with zero emissions. Considering the main criteria for sustainable development, we identify the generation technology that provides the lowest cost of electricity supply and the maximum economic efficiency of investments with equally high environmental indicators. Based on a comprehensive literature review and comparison of the technical and economic parameters of modern and forward-looking generation technologies under different economic conditions, the paper develops and presents the path of increasing the technical level of generation technologies, corresponding to the conditions of sustainable development at each moment of time. Furthermore, the paper analyses the technical and economic characteristics of the combined-cycle technology successfully applied in the world's energy systems and advanced oxy-fuel combustion cycles. In addition, the paper proposes a multifactorial economic-mathematical model that allows to evaluate the performance indicators of any of the considered technologies in accordance with the criteria for sustainable development. |
| Keywords: | sustainable development,power industry,greenhouse gas,power generation,economic efficiency,investment |
| Date: | 2018–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02168626&r=all |
| By: | Chambru, Cédric |
| Abstract: | Did weather shocks increase interpersonal conflict in early modern Europe? I address this question by exploiting year-to-year seasonal variations in temperature and detailed crime data I assembled from Savoyard criminal procedures over the period 1749–89. I find that temperature shocks had a positive and significant effect on the level of property crimes, but no significant effect on violent crimes. I further document how seasonal migration may help to increase the coping capacity of local communities in which they were widely used. Migrant labourers brought remittances to supplement communities’ resources and also temporarily relieve their communities of the burden of feeding them. I show that temperature shocks were strongly associated with increase in the property crimes rate, but the effect is much lower in provinces with high levels of seasonal migration. I provide historical evidence to show that the inflow of remittances may drive this relationship. |
| Keywords: | Weather shocks, Migration, Crime, Grain prices, Savoy, 18th Century |
| JEL: | J61 N33 N53 Q10 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gnv:wpaper:unige:120722&r=all |
| By: | Th. Asha Sinha |
| Abstract: | Energy has always been the key to the man’s greatest goals and to his dreams that lead to better quality of life. In India energy problem is very serious and main objectives is move to find solution to match demand and supply of energy source. In our world today we have two lagging resources – energy and water. The need for conserving energy and developing alternative energy is a must and also to bring about change in the mind to focus on renewable resource of energy. To get power, the promising option is to make more extensive used of the renewable sources like sun. This paper is an attempt to make aware of the global energy problem and leading role of the alternative energy sources for future survival and to encourage students and young generation to give innovative ideas. Key Words:energy, solar energy, development, sustainable development Policy |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vor:issues:2017-24-08&r=all |
| By: | Bernhelm Booss-Bavnbek; Rasmus Kristoffer Pedersen; Ulf R{\o}rb{\ae}k Pedersen |
| Abstract: | We address dfferences between characteristic times in climate change and show the universal emergence of multiple time scales in material sciences, biomedicine and economics. |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1907.01902&r=all |
| By: | Schwegmann, Claudia; Holzapfel, Sarah |
| Abstract: | Daten sind eine zentrale, aber unterschätzte Voraussetzung für die Umsetzung der Agenda 2030. Obwohl technische Innovationen, etwa Smartphones oder das Internet der Dinge, in den vergangenen Jahren zu einer Explosion an Daten geführt haben, gibt es insbesondere in Entwicklungländern und in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit (EZ) noch erhebliche Lücken in der Verfügbarkeit und Nutzung von Daten. Zu der Mehrzahl der 230 Indikatoren der Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) kann bisher nicht regelmäßig berichtet werden. Eine unabhängige Expertengruppe hat daher schon 2014 in ihrem Bericht an den UN-Generalsekretär A World that Counts nicht weniger als eine Datenrevolution gefordert, um die Umsetzung der SDGs zu unterstützen. Daten sind eine der wichtigsten Grundlagen für die Planung, Steuerung und Evaluierung von Projekten und Entwicklungsstrategien. Bei der Datenrevolution für nachhaltige Entwicklung geht es darum 1) Datenlücken unter Zuhilfenahme neuer Technologien und zusätzlicher Ressourcen zu schließen, 2) Data literacy global zu stärken, Datennutzung zu fördern und einen gleichberechtigten Zugang zu ermöglichen, 3) ein „Datenökosystem“, das globalen Standards folgt, zu schaffen, um die Datenqualität zu verbessern, Datenaggregation zu ermöglichen und -missbrauch zu verhindern. Die Datenrevolution für nachhaltige Entwicklung ist eine Herausforderung für alle Länder. Sowohl in den Partnerländern als auch in allen deutschen Politikbereichen gibt es großen Nachholbedarf. In diesem Papier liegt der Fokus auf der deutschen EZ. Insgesamt ist das Thema Daten in den Organisationen der deutschen EZ und ihren Vorhaben bisher wenig präsent und die Forderung nach evidenzbasierter und datenbasierter Arbeit wird oft auf die Evaluierung verengt. Es gibt keinen results framework für die deutsche EZ um die Portfoliosteuerung zu unterstützen. Das Monitoring auf Projektebene ist oft unzureichend, da die Datenqualität vielfach schwach ist und Kapazitäten fehlen. In den Partnerländern richten die Durchführungsorganisationen (DOs) häufig parallele Strukturen für Monitoring und Evaluierung (M&E) ein, um den Fortschritt der von ihnen durchgeführten Maßnahmen zu überwachen, statt so weit wie möglich nationale statistische Systeme zu nutzen und zu stärken. Erhobene Daten und Projektfortschrittsberichte werden in der Regel nicht veröffentlicht. Aus der Analyse lassen sich folgende Empfehlungen ableiten: Die deutsche EZ sollte sich auf gemeinsame Datenstandards und Grundprinzipien in der Datennutzung einigen, wie z.B. Open Data by Default. Gleichzeitig sollten Persönlichkeitsrechte gewährleistet werden. Das Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit (BMZ) sollte mit allen Akteuren der deutschen EZ (andere Ministerien, DOs, nichtstaatliche Akteure) eine Datenstrategie entwickeln, die die unterschiedlichen Datenquellen und -typen berücksichtigt, auf gemeinsamen Standards und Grundprinzipien aufbaut und darauf ausgerichtet ist, eine Datenkultur in allen Arbeitsbereichen der deutschen EZ zu fördern. Auf internationaler Ebene sollte sich die Bundesregierung aktiv in die Umsetzung und Weiterentwicklung des Cape Town Global Action Plan for Sustainable Development Data einbringen Deutschland sollte den finanziellen Beitrag zur Daten- und Statistikentwicklung in Partnerländern steigern, mittelfristig die Nutzung paralleler M&E-Systeme abschaffen und die Unterstützung nationaler statistischer Systeme in allen EZ-Maßnahmen fördern. |
| Keywords: | Agenda 2030,Wirksamkeit und Evaluierung |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:dieaus:42018&r=all |
| By: | Yevhen Mishenin (Sumy State University); Inna Koblianska (Sumy National Agrarian University); Viktoriia Medvid (Sumy National Agrarian University); Yuliia Maistrenko (Kyiv University for Market Relations) |
| Abstract: | The impossibility to define the clear and uniform operational guidelines for the implementation of sustainable development policy globally proves the necessity to consider the regional level as the key in terms of developing and implementing modern models of sustainable development, in particular, eco-industrial parks and circular economy projects. It substantiates the need to develop and use the modern innovative methodological approaches to the formation of the relevant regional policy. The circular economy proceeds from the flow-based understanding of the character of the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods in the socioeconomic system and, consequently, the turnover of resources and energy within this system. It determines the need for complex analysis and regulation of material and energy flows. These issues constitute the scope of research of industrial ecology and, at the same time, logistics. This causes the question of the integration of these disciplines within the system of scientific and methodological support of the processes of formation and implementation of the policy of sustainable region's development that is as yet little investigated. The article studies the theoretical and methodological foundations of the industrial ecology and logistics, such as objects, goals, methodological principles and approaches, methods, organizational forms, etc. On this basis the ontological unity of these disciplines is brought to light: they simultaneously study the different, mutually reinforcing aspects of the industrial system's performance through the accentuation of the flow form of the organization of the movement of resources, information, and energy as an object of regulation in such system. The integration of the "environmental" vision of material flows of the regional system, as is characteristic of the industrial ecology, with their "economic" content, which characterizes the structure of the regional economic system and constitutes the object of the logistics studies, should be considered as the basis for the formation and implementation of the policy aimed to achieve the region's sustainable development goals. |
| Keywords: | management of flows,flow thinking,industrial ecology,logistics,region's sustainable development,circular economy,regional policy |
| Date: | 2018–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02166722&r=all |
| By: | UNESCAP-SSWA (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) South and South-West Asia Office) |
| Abstract: | This paper, prepared by ESCAP South and South-West Asia Office, is based on the report of the Second South Asia Forum on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) organized by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), in collaboration with the NITI Aayog (successor of the Planning Commission in India) and a premier Indian think tank Research and Information System for Developing Countries (RIS), on 4-5 October 2018 in New Delhi, India. Senior government officials, international and regional experts, civil society representatives, think tanks, academia and other stakeholders discussed key challenges, progress and priorities for implementation of the 2030 Agenda in South Asia and opportunities that South Asian member States could pursue to increase regional cooperation for achieving the SDGs. This paper summarizes the highlights of the discussion at the event and the key conclusions and policy lessons. South Asian countries have an opportunity to tackle many of their common development challenges, and accelerate their progress towards the SDGs, through enhanced regional cooperation for building up productive capacities, strengthening statistical systems, enhancing market integration, improving connectivity, climate action, and tackling shared vulnerabilities and risks. Among the key takeaways from the Forum was the identification of potential areas for greater regional cooperation and articulating the need for a regional framework for achievement of SDGs in South Asia that will be prioritized and implemented as a mandate of ESCAP-SSWA and its work in the subregion. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Inclusive growth, Regional Cooperation, South Asia |
| JEL: | Q01 O11 O19 |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eap:sswadp:dp1802&r=all |
| By: | Ian W.R. Martin; Robert S. Pindyck |
| Abstract: | Most of the literature on the economics of catastrophes assumes that such events cause a reduction in the stream of consumption, as opposed to widespread fatalities. Here we show how to incorporate death in a model of catastrophe avoidance, and how a catastrophic loss of life can be expressed as a welfare-equivalent drop in wealth or consumption. We examine how potential fatalities affect the policy interdependence of catastrophic events and "willingness to pay" (WTP) to avoid them. Using estimates of the "value of a statistical life" (VSL), we find the WTP to avoid major pandemics, and show it is large (10% or more of annual consumption) and partly driven by the risk of macroeconomic contractions. Likewise, the risk of pandemics significantly increases the WTP to reduce consumption risk. Our work links the VSL and consumption disaster literatures. |
| JEL: | D81 H5 Q5 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:26068&r=all |
| By: | Pierre Bentata (ESC Troyes - École Supérieure de Commerce de Troyes - Groupe ESC Troyes en Champagne); Romain Espinosa (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR1 - Université de Rennes 1 - UNIV-RENNES - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Yolande Hiriart (CRESE - Centre de REcherches sur les Stratégies Economiques (EA 3190) - UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] - UFC - Université de Franche-Comté, IUF - Institut Universitaire de France - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to observe how supreme courts use their discretionary power over their dockets to correct appellate courts' decisions relative to their own interpretation of the law. There are two supreme courts in France, the Conseil d'État for the administrative branch, and the Cour de Cassation for the civil one. In both courts, at different dates though, a reform took place that gave them discretionary control over their dockets. Hence, a difference in the supreme courts' decisions might be due to either different correction activities, selection strategies, or both. Accordingly, it is necessary to distinguish between them before drawing any conclusions about supreme courts' behaviors. We develop an econometric approach to assess whether the correction activities are similar between supreme courts, and whether these activities are affected when the supreme courts can select cases. Using an original database of all environmental cases determined by the supreme courts between 1956 and 2010, we rely on a counterfactual approach to compare cases across the courts before and after the reforms. Our study concludes that correction activities do not differ across the courts as long as they are submitted to the same selection rule. We also find that the supreme courts use the possibility of selection to increase their pro-plaintiff correction activities in a way that affects the overall probability of success of plaintiffs and defendants. |
| Keywords: | litigation,judicial review,appeal process,selection bias,bias correction,appellate court,supreme court,administrative law,civil law,judicial reform,French environmental cases |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-02167246&r=all |
| By: | Lipina, Svetlana (Липина, Светлана) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Smetanina, Tatiana (Сметанина, Татьяна) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Agapova, Elena (Агапова, Елена) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Lipina, Alexandra (Липина, Александра) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | Government procurement is a powerful tool for influencing the functioning of the national market, since, according to research, the share of government consumption is up to a quarter of gross domestic product with variations, depending on the natural-territorial and organizational-economic conditions. Most countries of the world have their own sustainable development strategies, including a well-considered policy on public green procurement. It is politically important to support the stated direction by creating an example for other sectors of the economy, setting specific guidelines for the business and defining clear rules of the game in ensuring the movement towards sustainable economic development and growth. |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:071902&r=all |
| By: | Jasper Meya (University of Oldenburg, Germany); Paul Neetzow (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany) |
| Abstract: | Renewable energy (RE) policies are widely used to decarbonize power generation and implemented at various governance levels. We use an analytically tractable two-level model to study the eects of overlapping RE policies from the federal and state governments. We find that there are contrasting incentives for states to support RE deployment, depending on whether the federal government implements a feed-in tari (FIT) or an auction system. Under federal FIT, states that bear a greater burden in nancing the federal policy under-subsidize RE in order to reduce nationwide RE deployment and thereby lower their costs. Under federal auction, states that bear a greater burden to nance federal policy oversubsidize RE to drive down the quota price, and thereby also their costs. In an application to Germany, we illustrate that the recent shift from FIT to auctions increases incentives for state governments to support RE in the demand-intensive south, while decreasing them in the wind-abundant north. |
| Keywords: | auction, feed-in tariff, multi-level governance, fiscal federalism, overlapping regulation, energy transition |
| Date: | 2019–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:old:dpaper:423&r=all |
| By: | García-Alaminos, Ángela; Rubio, Santiago J. |
| Abstract: | The paper studies the use of emission taxes and feed-in subsidies for the regulation of a monopoly that can produce the same good with a technology that employs a polluting input and a clean technology. The second-best tax and subsidy are calculated solving a two-stage policy game between the regulator and the monopoly with the regulator acting as the leader of the game. We find that the second-best tax rate is the Pigouvian tax. The tax implements the efficient level of the dirty output but does not affect the total output. On the other hand, the subsidy leads to the monopoly to reduce the dirty output but also to increase the total output. This increase in total output may yield a larger net social welfare when the subsidy is used provided that the marginal cost of clean output is not very high, as a linear-quadratic specification of the model confirms. Finally, it is showed that the combination of an emission tax with a feed-in subsidy induces the firm to choose the efficient outputs, but in this case the first-best tax must be lower than the Pigouvian tax. Thus, the findings of this paper support the idea that feed-in subsidies open the possibility for improving the regulation of a polluting firm with market power. |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2019–07–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemec:291524&r=all |
| By: | Daniel Jeongdae Lee (Macroeconomic Policy and Financing for Development Division, ESCAP) |
| Abstract: | The Asia-Pacific region is biologically diverse and hosts a great number of unique ecosystems, with 17 of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots and 7 of the world’s 17 mega diverse countries found in the region. It is home to the highest marine biodiversity in the world, with the longest and most diverse coral reef systems, more than half of the world’s remaining mangrove areas and the greatest seagrass diversity. |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unt:pbmpdd:pb95&r=all |
| By: | Iken Nabila (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Franck Aggeri (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Stéphane Morel |
| Abstract: | The practice of monetary valuation of environmental impacts has gained popularity in the private sector in recent years. The underlying assumption of the advocates of these methods is that adopting economic language to talk about environmental impacts helps to accelerate decisions in favor of sustainability in companies. This communication aims to investigate the role of management instruments, particularly those based on the monetary evaluation of environmental impacts, in the sustainability transition at company level. To do this, in order to compare expectations with usage, a survey of thirteen organizations (including three consultancy firms and nine multinationals) was conducted in order to understand this growing practice, to map existing impact assessment tools, as well as the way they are mobilized by companies. We concluded that impact assessment approaches are plural and range from communication to risk assessment, from measurement tools to discussion supports, whether between different departments of companies or with other stakeholders. Indeed, through some examples we illustrate how such tools can serve as a support to enroll decision-makers in the sustainability transition process, as well as the mediation role they play. |
| Abstract: | La pratique d'évaluation monétaire des impacts environnementaux a gagné en popularité dans le secteur privé durant les dernières années. L'hypothèse sous-jacente des défenseurs de ces méthodes est qu'adopter un langage économique pour parler d'impact environnementaux permet d'accélérer les décisions en faveur de la soutenabilité dans les entreprises. Cette communication vise à investiguer le rôle des instruments de gestion, notamment ceux basés sur l'évaluation monétaire des impacts environnementaux, dans la transition soutenable à l'échelle des entreprises. Pour ce faire, afin de confronter les attentes aux usages, une enquête auprès de treize organisations (dont trois cabinets de conseil et neuf multinationales) a été menée dans le but de comprendre cette pratique montante, de cartographier les outils d'évaluation d'impact existants, ainsi que la manière dont ils sont mobilisés par les entreprises. Nous avons conclu que les approches d'évaluation d'impact sont plurielles et vont de la communication à l'évaluation des risques, des outils de mesure aux supports de discussion, que ce soit entre les différents départements des entreprises ou avec d'autres parties prenantes. En effet, à travers quelques exemples nous illustrons comment de tels outils peuvent servir de support pour enrôler les décideurs dans le processus de transition soutenable, ainsi que le rôle de médiation qu'ils jouent. |
| Keywords: | sustainability transition,businesses,impact valuation,management instruments,transition soutenable,entreprises,évaluation d'impacts,instruments de gestion |
| Date: | 2019–06–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02170285&r=all |
| By: | Brandi, Clara; Dzebo, Adis; Janetschek, Hannah |
| Abstract: | Die Verabschiedung der Agenda 2030 für nachhaltige Entwicklung und die Unterzeichnung des Übereinkommens von Paris Ende 2015 war ein entscheidender Moment der globalen Initiative für Nachhaltigkeit. Es besteht ein enormes Potenzial für positive Nebeneffekte durch eine sich wechselseitig unterstützende Umsetzung der 17 Ziele für nach¬haltige Entwicklung (Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs) der Agenda 2030 und der beabsichtigten nationalen Beiträge (Nationally Determined Contributions, NDCs), die das rechtsverbindliche Übereinkommen von Paris tragen. Die Länder-NDCs, d. h. ihre Klimapläne, enthalten nicht nur Verpflichtungen zur Emissionssenkung, sondern auch zu vielen weiteren Punkten, die für die nachhaltige Entwicklung von Bedeutung sind. Im Folgenden werden die zentralen Ergebnisse einer detaillierten Analyse des Beitrags der NDC-Klimamaßnahmen zu den SDGs und ihren Zielvorgaben vorgestellt. Nach dem Übereinkommen von Paris sollten die Länder alle fünf Jahre überarbeitete NDCs vorlegen, um die Zielvorgaben sukzessive hochzusetzen. Die erste vollständige Prüfung („weltweite Bestandsaufnahme“) steht 2023 an. Eine erste Bilanz wird jedoch schon 2018 gezogen („unterstützender Dialog“). Die Umsetzung der Agenda 2030 fußt auf den von Land zu Land unterschiedlichen nationalen Strategien für nachhaltige Entwicklung. Auf globaler Ebene greifen Überwachungs- und Überprüfungsmechanismen auf dem jährlichen hochrangigen politischen Forum für nachhaltige Entwicklung (High Level Political Forum, HLPF) der Vereinten Nationen in New York. Üblicherweise werden diese beiden Umsetzungsprozesse trotz der vielfältigen thematischen Überschneidungen und dem gemeinsamen Ziel einer globalen nachhaltigen Entwicklung getrennt behandelt. Unsere Analyse hebt dagegen hervor, dass die NDC-Klimamaßnahmen auch die Umsetzung vieler SDGs und ihrer Zielvorgaben unterstützen können. Sie decken thematisch nicht nur bedeutende Elemente für SDG 13, sondern auch für viele weitere Themen der nachhaltigen Entwicklung ab. Die NDC-Klimamaßnahmen machen zudem deutlich, dass die SDGs miteinander verflochten sind. So erzeugt eine Vielzahl der NDC-Klimamaßnahmen Synergien, die mehrere SDGs zugleich voranbringen können. Um positive Nebeneffekte zu erreichen, sollten NDCs und SDGs koordiniert umgesetzt werden. Auf diese Weise lassen sich 1) Doppelungen und damit Kosten vermeiden und 2) die Agenda 2030 auf Länderebene systematischer umsetzen, indem durch bereits verpflichtend festgelegte Maßnahmen nach den NDCs Synergien zwischen beiden Agenden erschlossen werden. Eine Verknüpfung des Übereinkommens von Paris und der Agenda 2030 sollte erwogen werden, um Politikkohärenz zu erhöhen mit dem Ziel Synergien zu maximieren und Zielkonflikte reduzieren: Im Kontext des Übereinkommens von Paris sollten die Länder zukünftige Überarbeitungen der NDCs nutzen, um ihre Klimamaßnahmen enger mit den SDGs zu koordinieren. Im Kontext der Agenda 2030 sollten Strategien für nachhaltige Entwicklung die NDCs sinnvoll ergänzen. Positive Nebeneffekte bieten das Potenzial, die Länder stärker zur Erfüllung ihrer Verpflichtungen zu motivieren. Kompromisse sollten jedoch frühzeitig vermittelt werden, um beide Agenden erfolgreicher umsetzen zu können. |
| Keywords: | Klimawandel,Agenda 2030 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:dieaus:12018&r=all |
| By: | Georges A. Tanguay; Étienne Berthold; Maryse Boivin |
| Abstract: | Organizational sustainable development know-how is necessary to meet current environmental, social and economic challenges. This article follows the Education for Sustainable Development Report questioning which skills are currently in greatest demand by employers with regards to sustainable development. Aiming to better understand the duality (complementarity and substitutability) of sustainable development skills, depending on whether they are acquired through academic education or within an organization, this paper analyzes the links between the sustainable development skills sought by an organization and 1) the sustainable development actions it actually carried out, as well as 2) explanatory factors specific to the company. Based on a questionnaire survey conducted in May 2016 with 561 respondents from organizations in the province of Quebec, variables of interest were identified and measured with regards to sustainable development skills, in-house training offerings and the valorization of academic learning. The collected data allowed for the comparison of these elements with the sustainable development programs adopted internally as well as the characteristics of the various organizations (e.g. size, sector). This comparison was accomplished through a list of concrete actions, notably using chi square analysis, factor analysis, correlation and mean comparisons. The study makes four specific contributions: 1) Sustainable development skills are valued by many organizations, most often through a complementary valorization of both in-house (“internal”) training offerings as well as academic study; 2) Organizations that value the acquisition of skills in sustainable development in a complementary way stand out as the most active in their approach to sustainable development; 3) The exclusive valorization of internal sustainable development training underpins a certain level of organizational engagement with these topics, whereas the exclusive valorization of academically obtained skills reveals a weaker concretization of sustainable development, and therefore a need to compensate for a gap and 4) Gaps are highlighted between actions and the valorization of sustainable development skills, according to the characteristics of the organization. |
| Keywords: | Skills,Sustainable Development,Organizations,Academic Education, |
| Date: | 2019–07–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cir:cirwor:2019s-13&r=all |
| By: | Richard Grimal (Cerema Direction ITM - Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Direction Infrastructures de Transport et Matériaux - Cerema - Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement) |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02165011&r=all |
| By: | Rajshree Vaishnav; Munmun Sinha |
| Abstract: | The present study investigated B Ed trainee teacher’s ability to learn the course of “Environmental Education in Indian Perspectives” using a mobile learning module which was availed to them through the Edmodo mobile app. The experimental study was conducted on 50 B Ed trainee teacher’s from B Ed college at Nagpur City using the pre-test post-test control group design. Their environmental awareness was also assessed using standardized test which was taken as a covariate. The results obtained showed positive significant difference in their achievement while using mobile learning module for teaching environmental education. The study encourages prospects of using mobile learning modules as independent LMS within higher education in near future. Key Words: mobile, learning, teaching learning, learning module, environmental education Policy |
| Date: | 2017–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:vor:issues:2017-23-01&r=all |