|
on Environmental Economics |
|
Issue of 2019‒05‒20
fifty-five papers chosen by Francisco S. Ramos Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
| By: | Romina, Cavatassi; Federica, Alfani; Adriana, Paolantonio; Paola, Mallia |
| Abstract: | The territory of Mexico is covered by forests and wildland up to about 73% of the total territory (World Bank, 2015 and CONAFOR, 2012). This corresponds to around 140 million hectares, 80% of which are owned by communities and ejidos. Starting from the '80s, Mexico has experienced one of the largest deforestation rates in Latin America due to a number of complex socio-economic and political reasons which have reduced incentives to the sustainable use of forests with negative consequences for their long term conservation (Segura, 2000). To address and overcome problems linked to deforestation and forest degradation, the Community-based Forestry Development Project in Southern States (Desarrollo Comunitario Forestal en los Estados del Sur – DECOFOS) was designed and implemented from March 2011 to September 2016 with contribution from the Government of Mexico, IFAD, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and project beneficiaries. The project had two main components. The first component was mainly meant to raise awareness of climate change and of sustainable use and management of natural resources through trainings and capacity development. This component could be instrumental to achieving impacts when combined with the second component which had a more tangible connotation. The second component, indeed, consisted on promoting sustainable management and exploitation of forest and natural resources through reforestation, adoption of agroforestry and of good environmental practices, supporting and facilitating business enterprises through the provision of technical and financial support to the start-up of micro-entrepreneurial projects and small-businesses enterprises. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadia:288451&r=all |
| By: | Addison Tony |
| Abstract: | The extractives industries must adjust their operations to shifting patterns of demand for oil, natural gas, and coal together with metals and minerals – as policies and new technologies encourage progress along low-carbon pathways in energy, transportation and construction to combat climate change.Adoption of renewable energy is accelerating across the world, but fossil fuels will be in use for many years (with natural gas replacing coal in electricity generation, especially in Asia). Large amounts of fossil-fuels will eventually be unusable (‘stranded’) if international goals to contain greenhouse gas emissions are to be met.Low-carbon technologies and pathways are likely to be more intensive in metals and materials than existing fossil-fuel technologies. This offers great opportunities for countries with mining sectors, but there are major concerns over the distribution of the economic benefits, and mining itself must reduce its environmental footprint together with its own greenhouse gas emissions. |
| Keywords: | Natural gas,Oil,Climate change,Energy,Extractives |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2018-84&r=all |
| By: | Shahbaz, Muhammad; Gozgor, Giray; Kofi Adom, Philip; Hammoudeh, Shawkat |
| Abstract: | This paper decomposes the environmental Kuznets curve into the scale, technique and composition effects while incorporating the roles of energy consumption, trade openness and foreign direct investments (FDI) effects in a carbon emissions function for the United States (U.S.). We have incorporated information about unknown structural breaks into this function while investigating the cointegration between the related variables. The empirical results confirm the existence of cointegration between the variables in the presence of structural breaks. Moreover, the scale effect increases carbon dioxide emissions, but the technique effect reduces it as expected. Energy consumption also adds to carbon emissions, while the composition effect improves environmental quality by lowering carbon dioxide emissions. Further, trade openness decreases carbon dioxide emissions. However, increases in FDI hamper environmental quality by increasing carbon emissions. To reduce the level of carbon emissions, the technical processes of production should be improved by investing in technological innovations and capital stock and upgrading environmental regulations to channel in environment-friendly FDIs. There should also be a transformation of the energy consumption structure towards cleaner energy sources. |
| Keywords: | carbon emissions; scale effect; composition effect; technique effect; international trade; foreign direct investment |
| JEL: | Q5 |
| Date: | 2019–05–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:93720&r=all |
| By: | Danielle Devogelaer; Dominique Gusbin |
| Abstract: | In October 2017, the Federal Planning Bureau published its three-yearly energy outlook describing the Belgian energy and emission projections under unchanged policy up to horizon 2050. That outlook demonstrates that we are drifting away from agreed targets and international agreements made to protect future societies from hazardous levels of climate change. That is why that outlook is complemented by this report that adopts a different perspective. This publication describes and analyses three alternative policy scenarios that are compatible both with the 2030 EU Climate and Energy Framework and with the roadmap for moving to a competitive low-carbon economy in 2050. |
| JEL: | C6 O2 Q4 |
| Date: | 2018–05–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpb:wpaper:1805&r=all |
| By: | Richter, Philipp M.; Runkel, Marco; Schmidt, Robert C. |
| Abstract: | The loss of international competitiveness of domestic industries remains a key obstacle to the implementation of effective carbon prices in a world without harmonized climate policies. We analyze countries' non-cooperative choices of emissions taxes under imperfect competition and mobile polluting firms. In our general equilibrium setup with trade, wage effects prevent all firms from locating in the same country. While under local or no pollution countries achieve the first-best, under transboundary pollution taxes are inefficiently low and lower than under autarky where only the "standard" free riding incentive distorts emissions taxes. This effect is more pronounced when polluting firms are mobile. |
| Keywords: | FDI,Strategic Environmental Policy,Firm Location,Carbon Leakage,General Equilibrium |
| JEL: | F12 F18 H23 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:kcgwps:14&r=all |
| By: | Feldhaus, Christoph; Gleue, Marvin; Löschel, Andreas |
| Abstract: | We conduct a field experiment with the visitors of the German Catholic Convention in Münster, Germany. We aim at investigating the effect of the announced attitude of a Catholic institution concerning climate protection efforts, of people's experimentally induced religiosity (using a priming intervention) and of the corresponding interaction on people's willingness to donate to a carbon-offsetting fund. Our results suggest that the supporting signal by the Catholic institution substantially increases donations by about 56 %. We observe neither a direct effect of the induced religiosity nor an interaction with the institution's signal. Our results thus indicate that religious authorities can promote sustainable behavior. As we observe no evidence that the signalmainly influences particularly religious people, we further conclude that religious institutions may serve as more general authorities when it comes to sustainable behavior rather than solely as leaders of those aiming to follow religious prescripts. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable behavior,Field experiment,Religiosity,Priming,Carbon offsets |
| JEL: | C93 D64 D91 Q56 Z12 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cawmdp:108&r=all |
| By: | Emilio Carnevali (University of Leeds, Economics Division; and Department for Work and Pensions, UK Government.); Matteo Deleidi (University College London, Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose; and Roma Tre University, Department of Economics.); Riccardo Pariboni (Roma Tre University, Department of Economics; and Freie Universitat, Berlin.); Marco Veronese Passarella (University of Leeds, Economics Division) |
| Abstract: | We develop an ecological open-economy SFC model that enables testing cross-area interactions among productive sectors, financial markets and the ecosystem. We show that the unequal technical progress across areas, coupled with rising ecological awareness, can force governments of less ecologically efficient areas to move further away from low-carbon assets. We argue that ‘green’ monetary and fiscal policies can be used to tackle climate change and financial instability. However, their effectiveness depends crucially on the impact of cross-border financial flows and growth rate differentials on exchange rates. Without a cross-area policy coordination plan, currency fluctuations can bring about unintended consequences, undermining green policies’ effects. |
| Keywords: | Stock-Flow Consistent Models, Climate Change, Financial Stability |
| JEL: | D53 E44 F37 G17 Q54 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ums:papers:2019-02&r=all |
| By: | Rosendahl, Knut Einar (School of Economics and Business, Norwegian University of Life Sciences) |
| Abstract: | With the new rules of the EU ETS, involving cancellation of allowances, cumulative emissions are no longer fixed but depending on the market outcome. Perino (2018) showed that additional abatement effort can reduce cumulative emissions if it occurs within a few years. This article shows that Perino’s result will be reversed, i.e., cumulative emissions increase, if the abatement effort is at a later year, or permanent. Thus, a new green paradox has emerged. |
| Keywords: | Emissions trading; Green Paradox; EU ETS; MSR |
| JEL: | H23 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019–05–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nlsseb:2019_002&r=all |
| By: | Carrara, Samuel |
| Abstract: | Meeting the targets of climate change mitigation set by the Paris Agreement entails a huge transformation of the energy sector, as low- or no-carbon technologies must gradually substitute traditional, fossil-based technologies. In this perspective, the vast majority of energy analyses and scenarios project a fundamental role of Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS). However, uncertainty remains on the actual techno-economic feasibility of this technology: despite the considerable investment over the recent past, commercial maturity is yet to come. The main aim of this work is to evaluate the impacts of a progressively delayed deployment of CCS plants from a climate, energy, and economic perspective, focusing in particular on the power sector. This is carried out with the Integrated Assessment Model WITCH, exploring a wide set of long-term scenarios over mitigation targets ranging from 1.5°C to 4°C in terms of global temperature increase in 2100 with respect to the pre-industrial levels. The analysis shows that CCS will be a key mitigation option at a global level for carbon mitigation, achieving about 30% of the electricity mix in 2100 (with a homogeneous distribution across coal, gas, and biomass) if its deployment is unconstrained. If CCS deployment is delayed or forbidden, penetration cannot reach the optimal unconstrained level, resulting in a mix rearrangement, with a strong increase in renewables and, to a lesser extent, nuclear. The mitigation targets can be met, but policy costs without the implementation of CCS are from 35% to 72% higher than in the corresponding unconstrained scenarios. |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2019–05–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemfe:288461&r=all |
| By: | Hiroaki SAKAMOTO; Larry KARP |
| Abstract: | We analyze a dynamic model of international environmental agreements (IEAs) where countries cannot make long-term commitments or use sanctions or rewards to induce cooperation. Countries can communicate with each other to build endogenous beliefs about the random consequences of (re)opening negotiation. If countries are patient, an effective agreement can be reached after a succession of short-lived ineffective agreements. This eventual success requires \sober optimism": the understanding that cooperation is possible but not easy to achieve. Negotiations matter because beliefs are important. An empirical application illustrates the importance of sober optimism in the climate agreement. |
| Keywords: | Environmental agreements; Climate change; Dynamic game |
| JEL: | C72 C73 D62 H41 Q54 |
| Date: | 2019–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kue:epaper:e-19-002&r=all |
| By: | Christophe Charlier (Université Côte d'Azur, France; GREDEG CNRS); Gilles Guerassimoff (MINES ParisTech; PSL Research University; Center for Applied Mathematics); Ankinée Kirakozian (Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France; IDP; GREDEG CNRS); Sandrine Selosse (MINES ParisTech; PSL Research University; Center for Applied Mathematics) |
| Abstract: | Controlling energy consumption is a serious environmental issue due to global warming and pollution. Public policies are developed in this context. One such policy is the nudge, a form of policy aimed at changing individual behaviors without using financial incentives nor orders, for example by providing information to individuals so as to conduct behaviors in the direction desired by the policymaker. Interestingly "private nudges" can be imagined for companies. Many economists and psychologists have studied the impact of nudges on households' pro-environmental behaviors. Yet, studies focusing on nudging employees' energy use are rare. The objective of our paper is precisely to explore this issue from an empirical point of view with the help of a field experiment. Using a difference-in-difference methodology, the effects of three nudges on employees' energy conservation are tested. The first nudge, "moral appeal", stresses the responsible use of energy regarding environmental stakes. The second one, "social comparison", informs employees on the energy consumption of other firms participating in the experiment. Finally, the third nudge, "stickers", alerts employees about good energy conservation practices. The field experiment was conducted at 47 French companies's sites. Our results stress the complementarity of these nudges. When implemented alone, the three nudges have no significant effects on energy consumption. However, when the moral appeal and social comparison nudges are combined with the stickers one, they become effective. |
| Keywords: | Energy demand management, Private nudges, Peer pressure, Field experiment |
| JEL: | C93 D04 D91 Q41 |
| Date: | 2019–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2019-18&r=all |
| By: | João Tovar Jalles |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we empirically assess by means of the local projection method, the impact of different types of financial crises on a variety of pollutant emissions categories for a sample of 86 countries between 1980-2012. We find that financial crises in general lead to a fall in CO2 and methane emissions. When hit by a debt crisis, a country experiences a rise in emissions stemming from either energy related activities or industrial processes. During periods of slack, financial crises in general had a positive impact on both methane and nitrous oxide emissions. If a financial crisis hit an economy when it was engaging in contractionary fiscal policies, this led to a negative response of CO2 and production-based emissions. |
| Keywords: | pollution, greenhouse gases, local projection method, impulse response functions, recessions, fiscal expansions |
| JEL: | E32 E6 G01 O44 Q54 |
| Date: | 2019–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:remwps:wp0832019&r=all |
| By: | Isabelle Tritsch (UMR ECOFOG - Ecologie des forêts de Guyane - UG - Université de Guyane - AgroParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UA - Université des Antilles - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique); Gwenolé Le Velly (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - FRE2010 - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier); Benoit Mertens (ATILF - Analyse et Traitement Informatique de la Langue Française - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Patrick Meyfroidt (Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] - UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain); Christophe Sannier (SIRS - Systèmes d'Information à Référence Spatiale - Systèmes d'Information à Référence Spatiale); Jean-Sylvestre Makak (Geospatial Company); Kenneth Houngbedji (AFD - Agence française de développement) |
| Abstract: | To allow for the production of timber while preserving conservation values, forestry regulations in the Congo Basin have made Forest Management Plans (FMPs) mandatory in logging concessions. This paper uses original highresolution maps of forest-cover changes and official records on the activities of logging concessions to analyze the impact of FMPs on deforestation in this region. We apply quasi-experimental and difference-in-difference approaches to evaluate the change in deforestation in concessions that implemented an FMP. We find that between 2000 and 2010, deforestation was 74% lower in concessions with an FMP compared to others. Building on a theory of change, further analyses revealed that this decrease in deforestation takes at least five years to occur, and is highest around communities located in and nearby logging concessions and in areas close to previous deforestation. These findings suggest that FMPs reduce deforestation by allowing concessions to rotate cycles of timber extraction, thereby avoiding the overexploitation of areas that were previously logged, and by the better regulation of access to concessions by closing former logging roads to limit illegal activities such as slash and burn agriculture, hunting and the illegal harvest of timber or fuelwood. |
| Keywords: | forest management plan,FSC certification,deforestation,quasi-experimental matching,causal mechanisms,Congo Basin |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpceem:halshs-02103836&r=all |
| By: | Gaël Giraud (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne, AFD - Agence française de développement, Chaire Energie & Prospérité - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - X - École polytechnique - ENSAE ParisTech - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - Institut Louis Bachelier); Hadrien Lantremange (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne, Chaire Energie & Prospérité - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - X - École polytechnique - ENSAE ParisTech - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - Institut Louis Bachelier); Emeric Nicolas (Chaire Energie & Prospérité - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - X - École polytechnique - ENSAE ParisTech - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - Institut Louis Bachelier); Olivier Rech (Chaire Energie & Prospérité - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - X - École polytechnique - ENSAE ParisTech - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - Institut Louis Bachelier) |
| Abstract: | How could the burden of GHG emission reduction be shared among countries? We address this arguably basic question by purely statistical methods that do not rely on any normative judgment about the criteria according to which it should be answered. The sum of current Nationally Determined Contributions to reducing GHG emissions would result in an average temperature rise in 2100 of the order of 3°C to 3.2°C. Implementing policies that enable to achieve the objective of a worldwide average temperature rise below 2°C obviously requires setting a more consistent and efficient set of national emissions targets. While a scientific consensus has been reached about the global carbon budget that we are acing, given the 2°C target of the Paris Agreement, no such consensus prevails on how this budget is to be divided among countries. This paper proposes a Climate Liabilities Assessment Integrated Methodology (CLAIM) which enables to determine national GHG budgets compliant with any average temperature target and time horizon. Our methodology does neither resort to any scenario nor any simulation-based model. Rather, it computes the allocation of 2°C-compatible national carbon budgets which has a priori the highest probability of emerging from the international discussion, whatever being the criteria on which the latter might be based. As such it provides a framework ensuring the highest probability of reaching a consensus. In particular, it avoids the pitfall of arbitrarily assigning weights according, say, to "capacity" or "responsibility" criteria, and simultaneously unifies the different methodologies that have been proposed in the literature aiming at setting national GHG budgets. Sensitivity tests confirm the robustness of our methodology. |
| Keywords: | climate change,global warming,GHG emissions,distribution of GHG emissions,emissions gap,2°C scenario,carbon budget,Intended nationally determined contribution |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01673358&r=all |
| By: | Stefano Gagliarducci; M. Daniele Paserman; Eleonora Patacchini |
| Abstract: | This paper studies how politicians and voters respond to new information on the threats of climate change. Using data on the universe of federal disaster declarations between 1989 and 2014, we document that congress members from districts hit by a hurricane are more likely to support bills promoting more environmental regulation and control in the year after the disaster. The response to hurricanes does not seem to be driven by logrolling behavior or lobbysts' pressure. The change in legislative agenda is persistent over time, and it is associated with an electoral penalty in the following elections. The response is mainly promoted by representatives in safe districts, those with more experience, and those with strong pro-environment records. Our evidence thus reveals that natural disasters may trigger a permanent change in politicians' beliefs, but only those with a sufficient electoral strength or with strong ideologies are willing to engage in promoting policies with short-run costs and long-run benefits. |
| JEL: | D70 D72 H50 Q54 |
| Date: | 2019–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:25835&r=all |
| By: | Ellis Mia; McMillan Margaret |
| Abstract: | Tanzania is rich with natural resources, which have significant potential to contribute to the country’s economic development.Several laws recently passed in Tanzania are dedicated to establishing linkages between foreign firms in natural resource extraction and the local economy. This paper documents this legislation and the institutions set up to enforce and monitor these laws.Effectiveness of local content legislation and the potential for firms in the mining sector to contribute to local development are then evaluated using a combination of qualitative and quantitative evidence. We then examine other developing countries’ experiences with local content legislation, drawing lessons for Tanzania. |
| Keywords: | Extractive industries,Local content,Mining,Natural gas,Natural resources |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2018-133&r=all |
| By: | Ewen Gallic (Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, EHESS, Centrale Marseille, AMSE); Gauthier Vermandel (Paris-Dauphine and PSL Research Universities & France Stratégie, Services du Premier Ministre) |
| Abstract: | How much do weather shocks matter? The literature addresses this question in two isolated ways: either by looking at long-term effects through the prism of theoretical models, or by focusing on short-term effects using empirical analysis. We propose a framework to bring together both the short and long-term effects through the lens of an estimated DSGE model with a weather-dependent agricultural sector. The model is estimated using Bayesian methods and quarterly data for New Zealand using the weather as an observable variable. In the short-run, our analysis underlines the key role of weather as a driver of business cycles over the sample period. An adverse weather shock generates a recession, boosts the non-agricultural sector and entails a domestic currency depreciation. Taking a long-term perspective, a welfare analysis reveals that weather shocks are not a free lunch: the welfare cost of weather is currently estimated at 0.19% of permanent consumption. Climate change critically increases the variability of key macroeconomic variables (such as GDP, agricultural output or the real exchange rate) resulting in a higher welfare cost peaking to 0.29% in the worst case scenario. |
| Keywords: | agriculture, business cycles, climate change, weather shocks |
| JEL: | C13 E32 Q54 |
| Date: | 2019–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aim:wpaimx:1915&r=all |
| By: | James M. Sallee |
| Abstract: | Economic theory predicts that efficiency-enhancing policy changes can be made to benefit everyone through the use of lump-sum transfers that compensate anyone initially harmed by the change. Precise targeting of compensating transfers, however, may not be possible when agents are heterogeneous and the planner faces constraints on the design of transfers. In this paper, I derive a necessary condition for an efficiency-enhancing policy to create a Pareto improvement that can be tested directly with data. The condition relates the size of efficiency gains to the degree of predictability between initial burdens and variables used to determine a transfer scheme. The main empirical application is to a gasoline tax to correct carbon emissions, with related results for other sin taxes also presented. Results indicate that it is infeasible to create a Pareto improvement from the taxation of these goods, and moreover that plausible policies are likely to leave a large fraction of households as net losers. The paper argues that the existence of these losers is relevant to policy design and may help explain the political challenges faced by many efficient policies. The paper concludes with several extensions related to this political economy motivation. |
| JEL: | H23 L51 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:25831&r=all |
| By: | Ricciuti Roberto; Baronchelli Adelaide |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the relationship between climate and migration in rural households in Viet Nam.We propose an instrumental variable approach that controls for the potential endogeneity between crop production and migration using monthly minimum temperatures in the growing season as an instrument of rice production. Results show that the rise in minimum temperature during the core month of the growing season (i.e. June) does cause a reduction in rice production which, in turn, has a positive impact on people’s propensity to migrate.This finding is robust to the use of different estimators and plausible violations to exogeneity of the instrument. |
| Keywords: | Food industry and trade,Migration,Climate change |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2018-86&r=all |
| By: | Sanusi, R.A.; Shittu, A.M.; Kehinde, M.O.; Tiamiyu, S.O.; Fapojuwo, O.E.; Oladeinde, K.B. |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:naae17:288431&r=all |
| By: | Alessandra, Garbero; Dieynab, Diatta; Markus, Olapade |
| Abstract: | Value chain development is an important strategy to achieve sustainable development for smallholder farmers. It focuses not only on farmers and their direct livelihood but recognizes that sustainable agricultural projects ought to consider the entire production process by not only improving the factors of production for smallholder farmers but also allowing for greater integration into local markets, and the strengthening of key stakeholders along the value chain. The Agricultural Value Chains Support Project (in French Projet d’Appui aux Filières Agricoles (PAFA)) capitalizes on the value chain approach to improve the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Senegal’s Groundnut Basin. Approved in 2008 and put into effect on February 5th 2010, the Agricultural Value Chains Support Project has, as of today, reached 37,734 households. The project is articulated around five components: (1) agricultural diversification and access to local market (2) development and structuring of regional value chains, (3) national coordination, knowledge management and project management, (4) climate change adaptation, and (5) support services for rural finance. The project was innovative in that, in addition to providing support to farmers through producer organisations (POs), there was an emphasis on improving concertation and collaboration around key value chains. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadia:288450&r=all |
| By: | Chiemela, Stella Nwawulu; Chiemela, Chinedum Jachinma; Chiebonam, Onyia Chukwuemeka; Mgbebu, Ezekiel Sunday |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:naae17:288430&r=all |
| By: | Roux-Rosier Anahid (IRPhiL - Institut de recherches philosophiques de Lyon - UJML - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III - Université de Lyon); Ricardo Azambuja (MC - Management et Comportement - Grenoble École de Management (GEM)); Gazi Islam (MC - Management et Comportement - Grenoble École de Management (GEM), IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc) |
| Abstract: | The current paper uses the concept of imaginaries to understand how permaculture provides alternative ways of organizing in response to the Anthropocene. We argue that imaginaries provide ways of organizing that combine ideas and concrete practices, imagining organizational alternatives by enacting new forms of collective practice. Permaculture movements, because of their combination of local, situated design practices and underlying social and political philosophies, provide an interesting case of imaginaries that make it possible to reimagine the relations between humans, non-human species and the natural environment. We identify and describe three imaginaries found in permaculture movements, conceiving of permaculture respectively as a technical design practice, a holistic life philosophy, and an intersectional social movement. These imaginaries open up possibilities for political and social alternatives to industrially organized agriculture, but are also at risk of various forms of ideological co-optation based on their underlying social premises. We discuss our perspective in terms of developing the concept of imaginaries in relation to organizational scholarship, particularly in contexts where fundamental relations between humans and the natural environment must be reimagined, as in the case of environmentalist organizing in response to the Anthropocene. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Imaginaries,Anthropocene,Permaculture,Imaginaries,Social Imaginaries,Organizing,Collective |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01958956&r=all |
| By: | Carlo Vercellone (CEMTI - Centre d'études sur les médias, les technologies et l'internationalisation - UP8 - Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis); Francesco Brancaccio (CEMTI - Centre d'études sur les médias, les technologies et l'internationalisation - UP8 - Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis); Giuliani Alfonso (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne) |
| Abstract: | What is the common? What are its foundations? Is it a set of well-defined resources – so called common goods – or a generic principle governing the social organisation of production? These questions need to be asked because the debate on the Common is as rich as it is confusing. On the one hand, notions such as Common, in the singular, commons, common goods, common property, common-pool resources, etc, are at times used as synonymous, at others in contradiction, lacking a precise definition. On the other hand, it is easy to forget that the use of these terms often conceals highly differentiated approaches not only to theory, but also to the political role the Common might play in a project of social transformation. The purpose of this book is to contribute to clarify these questions through a multidisciplinary approach that combines theory and history. The aim is twofold. The first is to provide the reader with a guide to a critical analysis of the main economic and legal theories of common goods. Particular attention will be given to the input and limits of Elinor Ostrom's contribution and to the debate on the so-called tragedy of the commons. This survey of the literature serves the purpose of showing what the Common is not, or, at least, what it should not be reduced to. The second aim is to put forward an approach that is alternative to that of political economy. In this framework, the Common is theorised as an actual "mode of production". |
| Abstract: | Che cosa è il Comune? Quali sono i suoi fondamenti? Si tratta di un insieme di risorse ben delimitate - i cosiddetti beni comuni – o, invece, di un principio generale d'organizzazione sociale della produzione? La necessità di ripartire da tali interrogativi nasce dalla constatazione della ricchezza, ma anche di una certa confusione che caratterizza il dibattito sul Comune. Da un lato, nozioni come Comune al singolare, commons, beni comuni, proprietà comune, common-pool resources, ecc., sono utilizzate talvolta come sinonimi, talvolta opposte le une alle altre, senza darne una definizione precisa. Dall'altro, si tende spesso a dimenticare come dietro l'uso di questi termini si celino approcci molto differenti, sia sul piano teorico, sia su quello del ruolo politico che il Comune potrebbe svolgere in un progetto di trasformazione sociale. Il proposito di questo saggio è di contribuire a far chiarezza su tali questioni attraverso un approccio multidisciplinare che combina teoria e storia. L'obiettivo è duplice. Il primo è di fornire al lettore una guida pedagogica per un'analisi critica delle principali teorie economiche e giuridiche dei beni comuni. Un'attenzione particolare sarà data agli apporti e ai limiti del contributo di Elinor Ostrom e al dibattito sulla cosiddetta tragedia dei beni comuni. Questa rassegna della letteratura ci permetterà anche di mostrare ciò che il Comune non è o, perlomeno, ciò a cui non deve essere ridotto. Il secondo è di proporre un approccio alternativo a quello dell'economia politica. In questo quadro, il Comune è pensato come un vero e proprio "modo di produzione", portatore di un'alternativa sia all'egemonia della logica burocratica-amministrativa dello Stato, sia a quella dell'economia capitalistica di mercato, in quanto principio di coordinazione della produzione e degli scambi. Il libro fornisce numerose illustrazioni delle pratiche che incarnano questa potenzialità nei settori più svariati dell'economia e della società. Formula inoltre diverse proposte per un'agenda che permetta di favorire lo sviluppo e l'autonomia del "Comune come modo di produzione". |
| Keywords: | commmons, Common as mode of production, enclosures, Elinor Ostrom, Karl Marx |
| Date: | 2017–09–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01628784&r=all |
| By: | Quentin Couix (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne) |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a historical and epistemological account of one of the key controversy between natural resources economics and ecological economics, lasting from early 1970s to the end of 1990s. It shows that the theoretical disagreement on the scope of the economy's dependence to natural resources, such as energy and minerals, has deep methodological roots. On one hand, Solow's and Stiglitz's works are built on a "model-based methodology", where the model precedes and supports the conceptual foundations of the theory and in particular the assumption of "unbounded resources productivity". On the other hand, Georgescu-Roegen's counter-assumption of "thermodynamic limits to production", later revived by Daly, rest on a methodology of "interdisciplinary consistency" which considers thermodynamics as a relevant scientific referent for economic theory. While antagonistic, these two methodologies face similar issues regarding the conceptual foundations that arise from them, which is a source of confusion and of the difficult dialogue between paradigms. |
| Keywords: | natural resources,thermodynamics,growth,sustainability,model,theory,methodology |
| Date: | 2018–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01702401&r=all |
| By: | Roxana Bobulescu (MC - Management et Comportement - Grenoble École de Management (GEM)); Nhu Tuyên Lê (GREGH - Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC - HEC Paris - Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Claudio Vitari (MTS - Management Technologique et Strategique - Grenoble École de Management (GEM)); Erin Whittingham |
| Abstract: | This paper focuses on the transitional features of community supported agriculture (CSA). Its key contribution is to show the transformational potential of CSA for agricultural system change. The starting point of this research is the "ideal" CSA model. Instead of a monolithic CSA model, in practice we find a patchwork of experiences that we group together under the "transitional" CSA name. We develop a framework that highlights the "transitional" CSA model and compares it with both the conventional and the "ideal" CSA. The coevolutionary approach helps us to understand how CSAs adapt to their context. We use many narratives from the broad literature on CSAs. |
| Keywords: | "transitional" CSA 1,Community Supported Agriculture,"ideal" CSA,"transitional" CSA |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01923235&r=all |
| By: | Rainald Borck (University of Potsdam, CESifo, DIW Berlin); Philipp Schrauth (University of Potsdam) |
| Abstract: | We use panel data from Germany to analyze the effect of population density on urban air pollution (nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and ozone). To address unobserved heterogeneity and omitted variables, we present long difference/fixed effects estimates and instrumental variables estimates, using historical population and soil quality as instruments. Our preferred estimates imply that a one-standard deviation increase in population density increases air pollution by 3-12%. |
| Keywords: | population density, air pollution |
| JEL: | Q53 R12 |
| Date: | 2019–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pot:cepadp:08&r=all |
| By: | Sanusi, M.M.; Oyedeji, O.O.; Akerele, D. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:naae17:288433&r=all |
| By: | Hai-Anh H. Dang (World Bank); Umar Serajuddin (World Bank) |
| Abstract: | The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) recently adopted by the United Nations represent an important step to identify shared global goals for development over the next two decades. Yet, the stated goals are not as straightforward and easy to interpret as they appear on the surface. Review of the SDG indicators suggests that some further refinements to their wordings and clarifications to their underlying objectives would be useful. We bring attention to potential pitfalls with interpretation, where different evaluation methods can lead to different conclusions about country performance. Review of the United Nations’ SDG database highlights the overwhelming challenge with missing data: data are available for just over half of all indicators and for just 19 percent of what is needed to comprehensively track progress across countries and over time. We offer further reflections and propose some simple but cost-effective solutions to these challenges. |
| Keywords: | SDGs, monitoring, data challenges, survey data, international organization. |
| JEL: | F00 I3 O1 |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:inq:inqwps:ecineq2019-495&r=all |
| By: | Oduntan, O.; Oluyide, O.G.; Aderinola, E.A. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:naae17:288508&r=all |
| By: | Cahen-Fourot, Louison |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the socio-economic context into which environmental policies and ecological sentiments emerge through empirically studying the relation to the environment of different kinds of capitalism. The association and interaction of the relation to the environment with other key social relations, e.g. the labour-capital relations, are studied and discussed. To achieve this, I draw from Regulation Theory and augment its analytical framework with an explicit environmental dimension. I then conduct an empirical analysis of the diversity of contemporary capitalism including the social relation to the environment for a sample of thirty-seven OECD and BRICS countries. Five kinds of capitalism are identified: the Northern-continental European, the Southern-central European, the Anglo-Saxon and Pacific, the Emerging Countries and the Two Giants. A main result is the correspondence between ecology-prone social relations to the environment, labour oriented capital-labour relations and welfare-oriented states. However, the results show that countries that are the most ecology-prone are also the ones that have the most relocated their environmental impact, an observation consistent with the critical literature on the Environmental Kuznets Curve. |
| Keywords: | Society-environment relation; Capitalism; Mode of regulation; Institution; Environmental policy; Ecological macroeconomics |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wus045:6957&r=all |
| By: | Nmadu, J.N.; Coker, A.A.A.; Adams, E. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:naae17:288424&r=all |
| By: | Xing, Shiqi; Batabyal, Amitrajeet |
| Abstract: | Despite repeated calls for a thorough cleanup of water pollution in the Ganges river, there are only two papers in the social sciences by Batabyal and Beladi (2017, 2019) that have shed theoretical light on this cleanup problem and its connection to the sustainability of tourism in Varanasi. Hence, we extend the above mentioned analyses and focus on two specific questions. First, we introduce the notion of a safe minimum standard (SMS) into the study and show how to analyze a probabilistic model of the Ganges cleanup problem when the SMS is accounted for. Second, for a representative citizen of Varanasi, we study how the magnitude of the elasticity of substitution between a composite consumption good and water quality in the Ganges---modeled by the SMS---affects the tradeoff between consumption and water quality maintenance. |
| Keywords: | Ganges river, Safe Minimum Standard, Tourism, Uncertainty, Water Pollution |
| JEL: | L83 Q53 |
| Date: | 2019–05–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:93846&r=all |
| By: | Ogunbiyi, K.K.; Olajide, O.A. |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:naae17:288420&r=all |
| By: | Jolly, Suyash (Lund University); Grillitsch, Markus (Lund University); Hansen, Teis (Lund University) |
| Abstract: | Despite significant interest in regional industrial restructuring in economic geography, surprisingly scarce attention has been paid to the changing role of agency over time. The current paper develops a framework for understanding the role of multiple types of agents and the agency they exercise for new path development. The framework is employed in a longitudinal study of industry development in Värmland, Sweden, from forestry towards a bio-economy. The analysis highlights how actors exercise very different types of agency in different periods of path development. |
| Keywords: | Bio-economy; Värmland; agency; path development; longitudinal |
| JEL: | B52 L73 L78 O30 P48 Q50 R11 |
| Date: | 2019–05–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2019_007&r=all |
| By: | Shittu, Adebayo M.; Kehinde, Mojisola O.; Ogunnaike, Maria G.; Oyawole, Funminiyi P.; Akisanya, Lois T. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:naae17:288421&r=all |
| By: | Benjamin Piton (IGN - Institut Géographique National); Alexandra Niedzwiedz (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | AgroParisTech, représenté par le Laboratoire d'Economie Forestière (LEF) devenu le Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA) au 1er janvier 2018, réalise en collaboration avec l'IGN (institut national de l'information géographique et forestière) les comptes européens de la forêts (European Forest Accounts – EFA) pour le compte du Ministère en charge de l'Environnement. Ces EFA sont un ensemble cohérent de tableaux comptables sur la ressource forestière et la filière bois, qui intègrent économie et environnement. Ce rapportage est basé sur le volontariat et son format est défini au niveau européen. Le présent rapport d'étude porte sur les années 2014 et 2015. Il explicite les recommandations d'Eurostat, la méthode utilisée pour compléter les tableaux et une brève analyse des résultats. |
| Keywords: | timber,production and processing chain,environment,forest,harvesting,comptabilité forestière,économie,ressource,bois,filière,environnement,forêt,récolte,valeur des forêts |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02116333&r=all |
| By: | Kehinde, Mojisola O.; Shittu, Adebayo M.; Ogunnaike, Maria G.; Oyawole, Funminiyi P.; Akisanya, Lois T. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:naae17:288422&r=all |
| By: | Tasie, C.M.; Wilcox, G.I. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:naae17:288432&r=all |
| By: | Thompson, O.A.; Amos, T.T. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:naae17:288429&r=all |
| By: | Alessandra, Garbero; Martina, Improta; Sónia, Gonçalves |
| Abstract: | Despite the progress made over the last decades across several socio-economic indicators, poverty incidence remains persistently high in São Tomé e Príncipe, with over two-thirds of the population living below the poverty line of US$3.2 (World Bank 2018). A set of constraints imposed by the country’s insularity, small market size and agroecological conditions make the country extremely vulnerable to market and climate shocks. Its economy relies heavily on imports, which are counterbalanced by a narrow set of exports, with cacao taking the lion share (approximately 70% of total exports, World Bank 2018). Agricultural production, however, has declined since the country’s independence in 1975 and productivity has remained consistently low, hindering economic wellbeing and progress of rural livelihoods, particularly of those relying on small-scale farming as a key source of income. The two projects evaluated in this report - the Participatory Smallholder Agriculture and Artisanal Fisheries Development Programme (PAPAFPA; implemented 2003-15) and, its successor, the Smallholder Commercial Agriculture Project (PAPAC; 2015-2020) – focus on this group of farmers and on three value chains: cacao, coffee and pepper. The projects interventions revolve around the promotion of certified organic farming and the creation of export-oriented cooperatives in each value chain, together with the investment in rural infrastructure. The projects’ cooperatives play a key role in the implementation of the interventions in the field, by working closely with the farmers and their associations, providing professional training, productive assets and facilitating linkages to the market. The interventions aim at increasing agricultural production in a sustainable manner via organic farming, enhancing market access and resilience to shocks, thereby promoting small farmers’ income stability and food security. Organic certification labels have been increasingly used across the world to pursue social and environmental sustainability in supply chains for agricultural products. However, there is still considerable debate surrounding their effectiveness in achieving those goals. Robust quantitative evidence of their impact on crop prices, productivity and overall welfare of rural livelihoods is scarce, and for São Tomé e Príncipe inexistent. Thus, the current impact assessment fills a gap in this literature by using a mixed-methods approach to assess and quantitatively estimate the impact of a project centred around certification schemes through rigorous counterfactual-based methods. Given the fundamental role played by the value-chain cooperatives in the project, it also contributes to a growing literature on the impact of associativism and cooperativism on the economic mobility of farmers and rural households. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadia:288466&r=all |
| By: | Nwali, Nte I.; Okoro, Frank N. |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:naae17:288426&r=all |
| By: | Lombe Wilfred |
| Abstract: | This paper traces the role of local content in Zambia’s mining sector in supporting industrialization and economic diversification. It assesses productive linkages and manufacturing competitiveness during import-substitution industrialization and post-1991 liberalization and privatization, and the adequacy of the current policy environment.Despite diminished productivity and export competitiveness during import-substitution industrialization, that era was successful in terms of domestic manufacture of mining goods. Privatization and liberalization stymied local content capabilities, retarding industrialization and economic diversification.Post-2000 policies emphasize local content development and export competitiveness. Their success, however, depends on addressing continuing weaknesses in the regulatory environment; human and technological capital; endogenous entrepreneurship; and the macroeconomic environment. |
| Keywords: | Mining,Economic linkages,Local content,Manufacturing,Industrialization,Productivity |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2018-118&r=all |
| By: | Ekpa, Daniel; Akinyemi, Mudashiru; Ibrahim, Hassan Ishaq |
| Keywords: | Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:naae17:288425&r=all |
| By: | Friedrich, Marina; Mauer, Eva-Maria; Pahle, Michael; Tietjen, Oliver |
| Abstract: | Now in its third compliance period, we can look back at more than 12 years of existence of the emissions trading system (ETS) in the European Union. The focus of this paper is to review the empirical literature on price formation in the EU ETS. As a reoccurring concept, we draw on a simple theoretical model of price formation that we subsequently extend to accommodate three different strands of literature. First, we gather evidence based on empirical papers which look at the role of fundamental price drivers. Second, we review the event study literature, where political and regulatory uncertainty is the main topic. Third, we devote a major part to finance literature in this market. In every section, we pay special attention to the challenges that arise when empirically modeling allowance prices in this complex market. We emphasize that there is a need for more evidence and possibly alternative approaches due to the complex interplay of compliance and finance trading motives. As a result, the findings of this review provide important lessons about price formation in the EU ETS, which can also inform the design of such programs in other countries. |
| Keywords: | Emission Trading,EU ETS,Carbon Pricing |
| JEL: | Q48 Q50 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:196150&r=all |
| By: | Alawode, Ramatallah Adenike |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:naae17:288428&r=all |
| By: | Fapojuwo, O.E.; Shittu, A.M.; Ogunnaike, M.G.; Kehinde, M.O.; Oyawole, F.P.; Akisanya, L.T. |
| Keywords: | Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:naae17:288427&r=all |
| By: | Rodríguez, Julieta A.; Rodríguez, Elsa Mirta M.; Manchado, Juan C.; Lupín, Beatriz; Lucca, Florencia |
| Abstract: | Con el fin de analizar cómo la información sobre aptitud culinaria, el bajo contenido de agroquímicos, el precio, el packaging y etiquetado afectan la valoración de una papa de calidad diferenciada, se realizó una Subasta Experimental con dos variedades, Frital INTA y Spunta. |
| Keywords: | Preferencias del Consumidor; Disposición a Pagar; Subasta; Papa; |
| Date: | 2018–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:3133&r=all |
| By: | Henstridge Mark |
| Abstract: | A significant natural resource discovery creates excited popular expectations of imminent wealth. But the size of a boom is usually overestimated and the delay in receiving revenues is underestimated.This paper takes stock of the sequencing, timing, and scale of the development of a natural resource endowment; reviews the ‘resource curse’ literature; looks at benchmarks of scale and timing so as to put potential booms into the context of the challenges of growth and structural change in Africa; and, finally, gathers together observations on policy and institutional changes. |
| Keywords: | Macroeconomics,Resource curse,Boom,Developing countries,Institutions,Natural resources |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2018-178&r=all |
| By: | Simon, Katalin; Hansson, Helena |
| Abstract: | Agricultural and forestry land markets are regulated in several European countries. However, assessing the economic consequences of land market regulation for agricultural and forestry firms is methodologically challenging for various reasons. The aim of this study is to highlight the usefulness of exploring expert stakeholders’ mental models in order to gain insights into the economic impacts of agricultural and forestry land market regulation. We use thematic analysis based on in-depth interview data to explore Swedish expert stakeholders’ mental models about the regulation of the Swedish agricultural and forestry land market. Findings point to that the current regulation does not have any major impacts on the economic situation of agricultural and forestry firms in Sweden. |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2019–02–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa165:288445&r=all |
| By: | Vásquez Cordano, Arturo Leonardo |
| Abstract: | El presente documento analiza, de manera sintética, cómo la revolución de las energías renovables puede afectar en la próxima década el balance de oferta y demanda de litio a nivel mundial. Analizando la información disponible sobre el consumo y oferta del carbonato de litio, se esbozan algunos escenarios sobre la potencial evolución del mercado del litio. Finalmente, se analiza las posibilidades de desarrollar los recursos de litio en el Perú durante la próxima revolución renovable. |
| Keywords: | Litio; energía renovable; balance de oferta y demanda; Perú; Lithium; renewable resources |
| JEL: | L61 |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ger:dtrabj:002&r=all |
| By: | Laurent Franckx |
| Abstract: | The new Belgian CAr Stock MOdel, which is linked to the national transport demand model PLANET, is structured as follows: (a) The total desired car stock in each future year is a function of the country's population and GDP per capita. (b) The probability that a car is scrapped is modelled as a function of its age and accumulated mileage. The desired car stock is then confronted with the remaining car stock to determine total car purchases. (c) Total sales are allocated to individual emission classes, using the parameter values of a Stated Preference discrete choice model. The model is then calibrated in order to reflect the current market and policy context in Belgium (d) The results are mapped into an inventory that is aggregated according to the EURO emission class. (e) In order to represent that the non-price barriers to electrified cars will decrease over time, we have implemented an alternative approach where the perceived acquisition costs decrease over time. Alternatively, this approach can be used to explore what would be the required decrease in subjective costs to reach a given future market share. |
| JEL: | R00 R20 R40 C25 Q50 |
| Date: | 2019–01–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpb:wpaper:1901&r=all |
| By: | Christopher Hartwell (Bournemouth University); Roman Horvath; Eva Horvathova; Olga Popova |
| Abstract: | We examine the causal effect of natural resource discoveries on income inequality using the synthetic control method on data from 1947 to 2009. We focus on the natural discoveries in Denmark, Netherlands and Norway in the 1960–1970s and use top 1% and top 10% income share as the measure of income inequality. Many previous studies have been concerned that natural resources may increase income inequality. To the contrary, our results suggest that natural resources decrease income inequality or have no effect. We attribute this effect to the high institutional quality of countries we examine. |
| Keywords: | Natural resources, income inequality, synthetic control method |
| JEL: | D31 O13 O15 Q33 |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ost:wpaper:381&r=all |
| By: | Hempel, Corinna; Will, Sabine; Zander, Katrin |
| Abstract: | Der Wandel unserer fossilbasierten Wirtschaftsweise hin zu einer nachhaltigeren biobasierten Ökonomie erfordert eine breite gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz. Grundlegend dafür sind Kenntnisse über die Meinungen, Einstellungen und Zweifel der Bevölkerung. Aufbauend auf einer Q-Studie über die gesellschaftlichen Meinungsbilder bezüglich der Bioökonomie im Allgemeinen, wurden Gruppendiskussionen zu konsumrelevanten Aspekten im Besonderen durchgeführt. Die Teilnehmenden diskutierten im Spannungsfeld von Suffizienzstrategien und der Entwicklung innovativer Technologien. Darauf folgte eine deutschlandweite Onlinebefragung, die Erkenntnisse aus den ersten beiden Erhebungsschritten aufgriff, wodurch Ergebnisse quantifiziert werden konnten. Auf Basis gemeinsamer gesellschaftlicher Perspektiven zur Bioökonomie besteht eine sehr große Heterogenität in Bezug auf die Einschätzung und Umsetzung verschiedener Handlungsoptionen zur Schonung von Umwelt und Ressourcen in der Gesellschaft insgesamt. Viele Menschen fühlen sich schlecht informiert und haben daher Schwierigkeiten, die "richtigen" Entscheidungen zu treffen. Sie wünschen sich Unterstützung seitens der Politik, welcher eine relativ große Verantwortung bei der Weiterentwicklung der Bioökonomie zugesprochen wird. Allerdings ist der Grat zwischen dem Wunsch nach Unterstützung und dem Gefühl der Bevormundung durch den Staat sehr schmal. Die Akzeptanz verschiedener staatlicher Maßnahmen ist ein Feld, das zukünftig noch verstärkt untersucht werden sollte. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:115&r=all |
| By: | Mounir Amdaoud (Centre d'Economie de l'Université de Paris Nord (CEPN)) |
| Abstract: | Les ressources naturelles ont été souvent analysées dans la littérature économique comme étant non compatibles avec le développement économique (Auty, 2001 ; Gylfason, 2001 ; Sacks & Warner, 1995). L’objet de ce papier est de revenir sur l’analyse du lien qui caractérise les ressources naturelles et le développement économique. Pour ce faire, nous mobilisons une nouvelle approche basée sur les théories évolutionnistes et institutionnelle qui porte la focale sur l’importance de la dynamique d’apprentissage et de création de nouvelles connaissances notamment dans les économies riches en ressources naturelles. Les résultats obtenus dans notre étude sur près de 100 pays montrent que certaines des économies les plus avancés et les plus riches au monde sont des économies basées sur les ressources naturelles. Par conséquent, la malédiction serait davantage dans l’apprentissage et la construction de compétences que dans les ressources. |
| Keywords: | Ressources naturelles, rente, croissance économique, institutions, innovation, apprentissage, compétences. |
| JEL: | O13 O31 O43 |
| Date: | 2019–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:upn:wpaper:2019-06&r=all |