|
on Environmental Economics |
| By: | ?rem D?D?NMEZ (Hacettepe University); Do?u SEVER (DG Denetim Danismanlik YMM A.S.) |
| Abstract: | Climate change and environmental pollution are important problems need to be tackled all around the world. These problems make countries to create new implementations to reduce environmental pollution and to figure out climate change issue. Taxation is one of the most common tools of these implementations. Especially beginning from the 1990s, the carbon tax has been come into prominence in practice to abolish environmental problems and to ensure sustainability in this regard. Carbon tax was introduced firstly in Finland and it is in practice in many countries all around the world. In Turkey, there is no taxation called carbon tax but practices have been conducting tax regulations to reduce emission. In this study, carbon tax which might take place among tax regulation in Turkey is evaluated. As a result, it has been detected that carbon tax can be one of the most important political tools to solve environmental issues such as greenhouse gas emissions reduction even it has pros and cons. |
| Keywords: | carbon tax, greenhouse gas emmision, Turkey |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:6409074&r=env |
| By: | Chichilnisky, Graciela |
| Abstract: | Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy (DICE), and compare results for different damage functions, namely the standard one in DICE and the one proposed by Weitzman implying potential large climate damages at high temperature increases. We calculate optimal climate policy for different parameter settings and compare the results with those under the green golden rule (only final utility matters) and classical utilitarianism (no discounting). Optimal emission abatement trajectories turn out to be very different between standard dis- counted utilitarianism, classical utilitarianism and Chichilnisky specifications. The results are very sensitive to the damage function, the climate sensitivity parameter and especially the “Chichilnisky weight” given to utility of generations in the far future. We discuss conditions and reasons for preferring either classical utilitarianism or the Chichilnisky criterion, and conclude that a critical factor is the time horizon used in climate policy analysis. Adopting sustainable preferences as formalized by the Chichilnisky criterion in climate policy analysis has the advantage that the very long-term implications of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere on the environment and human welfare are not downplayed. |
| Keywords: | Chichilnisky welfare criterion; classical utilitarianism; climate change; DICE model; Weitzman damage function. |
| JEL: | D7 D71 F01 Q5 Q54 |
| Date: | 2017–12–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:88757&r=env |
| By: | Zhang, Xumin; Khachatryan, Hayk |
| Abstract: | To mitigate potential impacts from the increasing maintained residential landscapes to the environment, state and local governments and water management organizations are interested in policies that promote resource-efficient landscaping practices by individual homeowners. Incentives including rebates, tax returns, and low rate financing, are common monetary instruments used to promote the adoption of eco-friendly equipment or practices (e.g., water-saving appliances). However, the effects of monetary incentives on homeowners’ preferences for alternative landscapes are less understood. Using discrete choice experimentation, this study investigated homeowners’ preferences for rebate incentive programs and willingness to pay (WTP) for alternative landscape attributes. The results reveal that homeowners are willing to pay a premium for rebate programs, and that the environmental benefit information improves homeowners’ preference and WTP for alternative landscape attributes. Also, we clustered homeowners into low, medium, and high rebate preference groups, which allowed investigating the difference in WTP estimates for alternative landscape attributes. Results estimated by mixed logit in WTP space model revealed that homeowners in high rebate preference group assign higher weights to economic attributes, such as rebate and maintenance, while homeowners in the low rebate preference group give more importance to environmental friendly attributes such as smart irrigation or pollinator friendly habitat. The results offer implications for policy makers as they develop water conservation programs. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2018–02–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea18:266684&r=env |
| By: | Martin L. Weitzman; Bjart J. Holtsmark |
| Abstract: | Linkage of cap-and-trade systems is typically advocated by economists on a general analogy with the beneficial linking of free-trade areas and on the specific grounds that linkage will ensure cost effectiveness among the linked jurisdictions. An appropriate and widely accepted specification for the damages of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions within a relatively short (say 5-10 year) period is that marginal damages for each jurisdiction are constant (although they can differ among jurisdictions). With this defensible assumption, the analysis is significantly clarified and yields simple closed-form expressions for all CO2 permit prices. Some implications for linked and unlinked voluntary CO2 cap-and-trade systems are derived and discussed. |
| Keywords: | linkage, cap and trade, pollution, climate change |
| JEL: | Q50 Q51 Q52 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_7225&r=env |
| By: | Martin L. Weitzman; Bjart Holtsmark |
| Abstract: | Linkage of cap-and-trade systems is typically advocated by economists on a general analogy with the beneficial linking of free-trade areas and on the specific grounds that linkage will ensure cost effectiveness among the linked jurisdictions. An appropriate and widely accepted specification for the damages of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions within a relatively short (say 5-10 year) period is that marginal damages for each jurisdiction are constant (although they can differ among jurisdictions). With this defensible assumption, the analysis is significantly clarified and yields simple closed-form expressions for all CO2 permit prices. Some implications for linked and unlinked voluntary CO2 cap-and-trade systems are derived and discussed. |
| JEL: | Q50 Q52 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2018–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:25001&r=env |
| By: | Damien J.A. BAZIN; Sylvie FERRARI; Richard B. HOWARTH |
| Abstract: | This paper addresses how environmental ethics could be incorporated in economic analysis and more particularly how the Responsibility Principle of H. Jonas can provide useful insights into the analysis of sustainability issues. The challenges of environmental and social sustainability in terms of intergenerational fairness are analysed and involve a moral duty applicable to economic governance. The paper also explores to what extent responsibility, as an alternative to utilitarianism and as a principle facilitating the coordination of the agents involved, can be a first step towards the long-term and sustainable conservation of Nature. |
| Keywords: | Environmental ethics, intergenerational fairness, responsibility principle, self-binding behaviour, sustainability. |
| JEL: | Q01 Q20 Q32 Q57 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:grt:wpegrt:2018-17&r=env |
| By: | Tamara L. Sheldon (University of South Carolina); Chandini Sankaran (Boston College) |
| Abstract: | Forest burning in Indonesia results in severe episodes of “seasonal haze” in neighboring Singapore. We offer the first causal analysis of the transboundary health effects of the Indonesian forest burning. Using a two-stage approach and instrumenting for air pollution with satellite fire data, we estimate the impacts of the Indonesian fires on Singaporean polyclinic attendances for acute upper respiratory tract infections and acute conjunctivitis. We also estimate the change in electricity demand in Singapore attributable to the fires, finding that demand increases as people respond to haze episodes by staying indoors. We estimate partial health and avoidance costs of US$333 million from January 2010 to June 2016. Our estimates suggest avoidance behavior is significant, accounting for over three quarters of our estimate. |
| Keywords: | air pollution; health; avoidance behavior; externalities; forestry |
| JEL: | D62 I1 Q23 Q51 Q53 |
| Date: | 2016–12–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:bocoec:960&r=env |
| By: | Rico Jimena; Panlasigui Stephanie; Loucks Colby J.; Swenson Jennifer; Pfaff Alexander |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we use geospatial data and difference-in-differences models to identify the deforestation effects, during 2000-2013, of the leading forest policies in the Peruvian Amazon: i) logging concessions, ii) third-party certification of concessions, and iii) Protected Areas (PAs). We find that on average logging concessions have no effect on tree-cover loss, while the PAs do reduce loss. Further, the PAs allowing limited private extraction save more forest than do more restrictive PAs. Certification has an impact (reduces loss) only in the single region where concessions reduce loss, suggesting a complementarity of third parties with private and public efforts to govern concessions. Our results suggest roles for private rights within conservation, given oversight. |
| Keywords: | certification;FSC;deforestation;concessions;protected areas;impact evaluation |
| JEL: | Q23 Q56 Q24 O13 |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdm:wpaper:2018-11&r=env |
| By: | R. Yogie Prawira W. (UNIBI) |
| Abstract: | For several years, the haze smoke that creates on huge and wide effect in many aspects including environmental right violation, air pollution, and many victimsdue to forest fire happened annually in Riau Province Indonesia. The local society and the neighbouring countries have protested this condition but it seems that this problem is far away to be solved. This study is aimed to offer a human right-based approach as a solvent to another policy of forest fire mitigationwith the aim to bridge the gap on the forest fire mitigation effort. Thus, this research is a desktop research that examines the prospect and limits of such approach based on the environmental communication strategy perspective. Human rights based approach can be used as an effort to mitigate forest fires by maximizing the main elements of community participation through environmental communication by holding events, campaigninghastag movements in social media, and giving social sanction for companies involved in the forest burning efforts. |
| Keywords: | marketing, environmental communication, environmental protection, haze smoke, Riau, |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:7208579&r=env |
| By: | Alvarez, Sergio; Soto, Jose; Escobedo, Francisco; Lai, John; Adams, Damian |
| Abstract: | The increasing pace of urbanization worldwide makes urban forests key providers of a wide range of ecosystem services that contribute to human well-being in multiple ways. The United Nations estimates that 54 percent of the world’s population already lives in urban areas, and by 2050 two-thirds of the globe’s people will be living in cities. Forests in the urban and peri-urban landscape provide many services that directly and indirectly benefit human beings, such as carbon sequestration, air quality improvements through particulate deposition, wildlife habitat, and aesthetic benefits that improve land and home values as well as human health outcomes, among many others. The importance and contribution of urban forests to human well-being will only increase as societies worldwide become more urbanized. In this study, we use data from a discrete choice experiment implemented through an online survey of 724 Florida residents, to estimate a series of latent class models of preferences for urban forest attributes. Our results reveal multiple preference groups, each with different willingness-to-pay values for the four forest attributes evaluated: type of trees (native vs. exotic), number of trees (many vs. few), size of trees (fully grown vs. mix of ages), and maintenance costs. Thus, our study estimates the public’s willingness-to-pay for different attributes of urban forests and provides further evidence of the ubiquity of heterogenous preferences for non-market goods and services. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea18:266697&r=env |
| By: | Cardella, Eric; Ewing, Brad; Williams, Ryan Blake |
| Abstract: | A recent trend in most developed countries has been a move toward greater reliance on renewable or “green” energy sources. This is especially true in the residential sector, where voluntary green power is offered by many electric utilities. Using a choice-based, experimental survey, this paper investigates how information nudges regarding the energy efficiency, production cost, and environmental impacts of different sources of power generation impact consumers’ preferences for adopting voluntary green-power plans. We systematically vary whether respondents receive positive and/or negative information about either the green plan or the gray plan, or neutral information as a control. As part of the design, we also vary the price premium of the green plan across choice scenarios. Based on two different participant samples totaling over 1,800 respondents and 21,000 plan choices, our results suggest that information nudges significantly impact respondents’ choice of plan. In particular, promoting the advantages of the green plan significantly increases green plan adoption, while promoting the disadvantages of the gray plan also significantly increases green plan adoption, and to a similar extent. Moreover, the documented effects of information nudges are robust across different price premiums for the green plan. Lastly, we show that the magnitudes of the information nudges are sizable and roughly equivalent to a change in the price premium of $5/month. Our results have clear energy policy and green power marketing implications of a plausible, economical, and effective mechanism to increase residential adoption of green-power plans. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea18:266583&r=env |
| By: | Larson, D. |
| Abstract: | In this paper we examine the consequences of extreme weather events on agricultural livelihood choices and welfare outcomes among rural households in Mozambique. We do so by first building a unique historical record of local (enumeration-area) weather event that we match with household survey data. We build the event history by drawing on daily spatial datasets for rainfall and temperature from 1981 to 2015. We build a spatial history of agricultural droughts in Mozambique that account for regional differences in growing seasons. We also utilize for the first time a dataset that maps the impact of all named tropical storms affecting Mozambique from 1968 to 2015. We use geo-referenced household data from 7,400 households in Mozambique to identify production technology choices and measure asset accumulations. Exploiting spatial cross-sectional variations, we show how weather risks adversely affect household choices about production technologies and input use. We show how past exposure to extreme weather events, including typhoons and droughts, adversely impact productive stock accumulations and household wealth. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:275916&r=env |
| By: | Stijepic, Denis |
| Abstract: | We suggest a simple, interdisciplinary, qualitative, system-theoretical model of long-run environmental development, where the dynamics of environmental quality are determined by the interactions across the political, economic, ecological/natural, and socio-cultural systems. The resulting model is a self-regulating feedback-loop system and can be used to explain the existence and the characteristics of different empirically observable economic/societal development stages (pollution phase and ecological phase) and environmental and economic policy-regime switches consistent with empirical evidence. |
| Keywords: | environmental quality, environmental pollution, long-run dynamics, development, growth, development stages, policy-regime switches; economic; socio-cultural; political; ecological; qualitative; system theory; feedback loop; self-regulation |
| JEL: | A12 O1 Q56 |
| Date: | 2018–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:88953&r=env |
| By: | Pena-Levano, Luis M.; Taheripour, Farzad; Tyner, Wallace E. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259191&r=env |
| By: | Francesco Vona (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques); Giovanni Marin (Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna); Davide Consoli (Institute of Innovation and Knowledge Management); David Popp |
| Abstract: | We present a data-driven methodology to identify occupational skills that are relevant for environmental sustainability. We find that these green skills are mostly engineering and technical know-how related to the design, production, management and monitoring of technology. We also evaluate the effect of environmental regulation on the demand of green skills exploiting exogenous geographical variation in regulatory stringency for a panel of US metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas over the period 2006-2014. Our results suggest that, while these recent changes in environmental regulation have no impact on overall employment, they create significant gaps in the demand for some green skills, especially those related to technical and engineering skills. |
| Keywords: | Environmental regulations; Green skills; Task model; Workforce composition |
| JEL: | J24 Q52 |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/1fkb59dcsg9alqqq6qv18jj5us&r=env |
| By: | Pedro Cerqueira (CeBER - Centre for Business and Economics Research); Elias Soukiazis (CeBER - Centre for Business and Economics Research); Sara Proença (CERNAS/ESAC, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this study is to analyse the circular linkages between recycling and economic development, where renewable energy plays an additional role in this process. We use a two-equation model, which describes a cumulative causation process with feedback effects, where recycling (among other growth inducing factors) is assumed to be important for sustainable economic development (given by the Human Development Index) and vice-versa. The system of simultaneous equations is estimated by 3sls, both in a static form and introducing dynamics into the model, for a panel of 28 OECD countries over the period 2004-2015. The empirical evidence suggests a strong relationship between the economic development level and the recycling rate with feedback effects, supporting the idea of a circular cumulative causation process driven mostly by higher human capital skills and, to a lesser extent, by innovation. Atmospheric pollution also stimulates the recycling process. |
| Keywords: | recycling, economic development, simultaneous equation system, panel data. |
| JEL: | C51 F43 O44 Q56 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gmf:papers:2018-07&r=env |
| By: | Merk, Christine; Pönitzsch, Gert; Rehdanz, Katrin |
| Abstract: | Discourse analyses and expert interviews about climate engineering (CE) report high levels of reflectivity about the technologies’ risks and challenges, implying that CE experts are unlikely to display moral hazard behaviour, i.e. a reduced focus on mitigation. This has, however, not been empirically tested. Within CE experts we distinguish between experts for radiation management (RM) and for carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and analyse whether RM and CDR experts display moral hazard behaviour. For RM experts, we furthermore look at whether they agree to laboratory and field research, and how they perceive the risks and benefits of one specific RM method, Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI). Analyzing experts’ preferences for climate-policy options, we do not find a reduction of the mitigation budget, i.e. moral hazard, for RM or CDR experts compared to climate-change experts who are neither experts for RM nor for CDR. In particular, the budget shares earmarked for RM are low. The perceptions of risks and benefits of SAI are similar for RM and climate-change experts. Despite the difference in knowledge and expertise, experts and laypersons share an understanding of the benefits, while their perceptions of the risks differ: experts perceive the risks to be larger. |
| Keywords: | Stratospheric Aerosol injection (SAI),climate engineering,geoengineering,risk perception,expert perception,moral hazard |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:182103&r=env |
| By: | Rickels, Wilfried; Weigand, Christian; Grasse, Patricia; Schmidt, Jörn Oliver; Voss, Rüdiger |
| Abstract: | The Sustainable Development Goal for the oceans and coasts (SDG 14) as part of the 2030 Agenda can be considered as an important step towards achieving more comprehensive blue growth. Here, we selected a set of 18 indicators to measure progress against SDG 14 for EU coastal states in the Baltic and the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean since 2012. In our assessment we distinguish between a concept of weak and strong sustainability, assuming high and low substitution possibilities, respectively. Overall, we show that the majority of countries in our assessment fail to achieve comprehensive blue growth. Sweden, Spain, Ireland, and in particular Portugal experienced a considerable reduction in scores since 2012. The only exemption is Estonia which managed to improve its scores over time under both concepts of sustainability. The unsustainable development at the EU level is mainly driven by deteriorations in indicators related to fisheries. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Development Goals,Blue Growth,European Union,Fisheries |
| JEL: | Q01 Q22 Q56 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:2112&r=env |
| By: | Guertin, France; Polzin, Thomas; Rogers, Martha; Witt, Betsy |
| Abstract: | This case study deals with The Dow Chemical Company’s (Dow) decision on how to restore a greenbelt area with historical issue that borders a brownfield property owned by the city of Midland, Michigan. Dow has a stated goal to apply a “business-decision process that values nature” and to deliver $1 billion in “value through projects that are good for business and good for ecosystems.” In line with this goal, Dow wanted to restore the greenbelt area by enhancing habitat and ecosystem services to Dow and Midland in a way that was also beneficial to the company’s bottom line. This case study presents three alternative restoration designs along with detailed financial cost and environmental data for each design. Students perform cost-benefit analysis, highlighting potential differences between how costs are calculated in a public setting relative to a private setting. In addition, students assess how the inclusion of important non-financial environmental data may be used to inform decision making. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274842&r=env |
| By: | DOGBE, Wisdom; Gil, Jose M. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Public Economics |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258132&r=env |
| By: | Baiba Witajewska-Baltvilka |
| Abstract: | The paper studies the factors that shape party issue competition on climate change and environmentalism. It covers the quantitative study on political parties' positions in 22 European countries during electoral campaigns between 1990 and 2016, as well as two case studies: Polish electoral campaign in 2011 and German electoral campaign in 2013. The paper concludes that more favourable public opinion towards environment, lower socio-economic inequality and weaker trade unions are associated with high party competition on climate change and environmentalism. |
| Keywords: | party competition, issue salience, climate change, environmentalism, elections |
| JEL: | C33 Q50 Q58 |
| Date: | 2018–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ibt:wpaper:wp052018&r=env |
| By: | Arslan, A. |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impacts of the El Niño during the 2015/2016 season on maize productivity and incomes in rural Zambia. The analysis aims at identifying whether and how sustainable land management (SLM) practices and livelihood diversification strategies have contributed to moderate the impacts of the El Niño related drought. This is done using a specifically designed survey called the El Niño Impact Assessment Survey (ENIAS), which is combined with the 2015 wave of the Rural Agricultural Livelihoods Surveys (RALS), as well as high resolution rainfall data from the Africa Rainfall Climatology version 2 (ARC2). This unique data set provides an opportunity to understand the impacts of shocks like El Niño that are expected to get more frequent and severe in Zambia, as well as understand the agricultural practices and livelihood strategies that can buffer household production and welfare from the impacts of such shocks to drive policy recommendations. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:275905&r=env |
| By: | Mu, Jianhong; Chen, Yong |
| Keywords: | Labor and Human Capital, Consumer/Household Economics, Land Economics/Use |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259982&r=env |
| By: | Vivian Dépoues (I4CE-Institute for Climate Economics, CEARC - Cultures, Environnements, Arctique, Représentations, Climat - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Future development and renewal of transport infrastructures have to take into account how the effects of climate change will affect these complex sociotechnical systems. This article aims at understanding how to raise this issue to ensure an efficient and systemic uptake of climate change by infrastructure managers. It reports the results of an in-depth case study conducted on the French railway company. This study identifies several adaptation dynamics: one is top-down and stems from climate change impacts; others are more bottom-up and focused on vulnerabilities. However, both types of approaches have, so far, yielded limited results. Building on the existing literature, this paper reveals critical bottlenecks to overcome in order to get the organization ready to adapt. It suggests key components of an enabling framework for a more proactive preparation to climate change and mainstreaming climate adaptation into major organizational decisions. |
| Keywords: | adaptation,infrastructure,railways,organization,climate change,decision-making |
| Date: | 2017–07–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01865209&r=env |
| By: | Casey, Gregory |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Production Economics |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259959&r=env |
| By: | Xu, Shicong; Sam, Abdoul |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:261216&r=env |
| By: | Norbert Ligterink (TNO) |
| Abstract: | Real-world vehicle emissions differ from the legislative emissions limits for a number of reasons. Emissions can be substantially lower but in most cases emissions in real driving conditions are higher than the type-approval values. This is especially the case for NOx emissions from diesels. Between Euro 1 and Euro 5 standards the European NOx limit decreased by a factor of five but real-world NOx emissions have remained more or less constant. High real-world NOx emissions from light and heavy-duty diesels are the main cause of high NO2 concentrations in cities. Some Euro 6 vehicles now show real-world NOx emissions close to the limit, but many vehicle models still exceed the limit by a factor of eight in real-world driving conditions. This report outlines the main reasons for the deviations and discusses the implications for managing air pollution. The European situation is taken as example. |
| Date: | 2017–05–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaab:2017/06-en&r=env |
| By: | Tsiboe, Francis; Nalley, Lawton L.; Bajrami, Egzon |
| Abstract: | Concerns about cocoa production in Africa at the expense of forests, biodiversity and its effects on sustainability necessitate the investigation of price premiums to incentivize cocoa producers to abandon the practices of plantation style cocoa for more sustainable practices shaded cocoa. Thus, this study first employs a multiple regression on a sample of 2,076 Ghanaian cocoa households over five cocoa growing seasons (2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010), to estimate the yield difference among three varieties of cocoa. These yield differentials in addition to published yield curves are then used to simulate variety specific yield curves under shaded and unshaded cocoa production. These yield curves in addition to cost curves, are then used to estimate the price premium that reflects the opportunity cost of cultivating shaded cocoa. Results indicates that the mean price premium of approximately 4.95% currently offered by third-party production certification schemes (e.g. UTZ Certified) for biodiversity friendly cocoa are well below this study’s price premium of 20.5%. Estimating the opportunity cost of shaded cocoa production is important to producers to determine whether growing cocoa under shade is sufficiently profitable. For manufacturers and consumers, these premiums indicate the cost needed to secure a supply of sustainably produced cocoa |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, International Development, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2018–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea18:266614&r=env |
| By: | Hasan, Syed M.; Zhang, Wendong |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259192&r=env |
| By: | Wolf, David M.; Klaiber, Allen; Gopalakrishnan, Sathya |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258136&r=env |
| By: | Quang Tran, Tuyen; Viet Nguyen, Thanh |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effects of forestland on household income, poverty and inequality among households in Vietnam’s poorest rural districts, the North Central Provinces, using data from the Quantitative Socio-Economic Survey for Emission Reduction-Program (ERP) Provinces Areas [QSESERPA]. Local people are extremely poor, with 54% living below the poverty line. Forest income constitutes about 17% of their total income; only wage income (37%) ranks higher. Surprisingly, those better off depend on forest income more than the poor do. Such income is comprised mainly of non-timber forest plants (77%), followed by timber products (18%). Our micro-econometric analysis indicates that gaining access to more forestland would increase household per capita income and reduce the incidence and intensity of poverty, even after controlling for all other variables in the model. In addition, we find that forest income was the second largest contributor to overall income inequality and had the largest marginal effect on it. A policy implication here is that increasing the access of the poor to forest resources and improving their efficiency in forest management could have a substantial effect on income, poverty and inequality in the study area. |
| Keywords: | forestland; forest income; fractional probit; Gini decomposition; shortfall |
| JEL: | Q1 Q15 Q2 Q24 R2 |
| Date: | 2018–01–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:88823&r=env |
| By: | Bell, Samuel D. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Production Economics, International Development |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259111&r=env |
| By: | Issahaku, Gazali; Abdulai, Awudu |
| Keywords: | International Development, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259938&r=env |
| By: | Yan, Youpei |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Industrial Organization |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259158&r=env |
| By: | Du, Ding; Zhao, Xiaobing; Huang, Ruihong |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, International Development |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258123&r=env |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | This Policy Paper comprises the Background Report prepared by the OECD for the G7 Environment, Energy and Oceans Ministers. It provides an overview of current plastics production and use, the environmental impacts that this is generating and identifies the reasons for currently low plastics recycling rates, as well as what can be done about it. |
| Date: | 2018–09–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaac:12-en&r=env |
| By: | Garg, Teevrat; Jagnani, Maulik; Taraz, Vis P. |
| Keywords: | Labor and Human Capital, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2017–06–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258018&r=env |
| By: | Rd. Siti Sofro Sidiq (Universitas Riau) |
| Abstract: | Akit tribe as one of indigenous community in Riau Province, Indonesia has received empowerment program for several times. It should result on better condition in all aspects of life including health condition. The health quality of Akit tribe, however, is still marginalized as shown from the environment situation, house condition, and water quality for daily activities. This paper examines the root causes of the low health quality in Akit Tribe in order to get the full pictures of its problem. The method used in this research is case study with the data collected by taking literature study, observation, and in-depth interviews. The result of the research suggested that the root causes of the failed empowerment is due to the incoherence of governmental institution, low education of Akit Tribe, environmental dependency, and the guidance from ancestor. |
| Keywords: | health quality, indigenous community, empowerment, Akit Tribe, Riau |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:7208580&r=env |
| By: | Sun, Shanxia; Gramig, Ben; Delgado, Michael; Sesmero, Juan Pablo |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259142&r=env |
| By: | Rivera, Nathaly M. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259182&r=env |
| By: | Liu, Jing; Hertel, Thomas W.; Lammers, Richard; Prusevich, Alexander; Baldos, Uris Lantz C.; Grogan, Danielle S.; Frolking, Steve |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258118&r=env |
| By: | Nunez, H. |
| Abstract: | This article aims to develop a framework to forecast bioethanol policies impacts a decade ahead in Mexico, where there have been several attempts to introduce biofuels into the market but so far no success. Technically, an endogenous-price mathematical programming model is developed emphasizing the Mexican agricultural and fuel sectors, which are embedded in a multi-region, multi-product, spatial partial equilibrium model of the world economy. There is a module for the U.S. and another for ROW. Mexico is disaggregated into 193 crop districts. Production functions are specified for 14 major crops and pasture. Bioethanol can be produced both from a dedicated crop and from agroindustrial residues. Three policy alternatives are considered as well as a base case in which, as now, liquid fuels are all derived from fossil sources. The rest alternative consists of subsidies to biofuel producers, the second of blending mandates and the third of both combined. Biofuel imports are allowed in all cases. Results show some losses for fuel and agricultural consumers, that are not o set by both ethanol producer and GHG emissions reduction gains. This suggests that some compensating redistribution may be needed if these policies are to be seen as politically sustainable. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade, Marketing |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:275921&r=env |
| By: | Paulo Oliva; Philipp Zahn |
| Abstract: | Beginning with Herbert Simon [10], the literature on bounded rationality has investigated in great detail how internal limitations affect an agent's choice process. The structure of the choice environment, deemed as important as internal limitations by Simon [11], has been mostly ignored. We introduce a model of the environment and its interaction with an agent's choice process. Focusing on online environments where an agent can use filter and sort functionality to support his decision-making, we show, a choice process relying on the environment can be rationalized. Moreover, for sufficiently many alternatives, filtering and sorting are quick ways to choose rationally. |
| Date: | 2018–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1809.06766&r=env |
| By: | Salvatore Monni (Roma Tre University); Martina Iorio (Roma Tre University); Alessio Realini (Roma Tre University) |
| Abstract: | Universal access to the commons, such as to clean water, might be seen as a strong challenge to development as freedom. Beyond water scarcity, several regions are already suffering from lack of access, even where water is abundant. Meanwhile, climate change, overpopulation and agricultural demand are severely affecting the quality and availability of water resources. At the global level, concerns about water are tied to the Amazon Region, which contains the greatest potential water stock in the world, and which simultaneously faces the worst troubles in access and supply. This paper is therefore aimed at pointing out the role inclusive social innovations can play in mitigating the impact of growing water shortages and securing effective water use. After a first introduction to Brazil, Amazonas and Parà state statistics on water-related aspects, the research focuses on results emerging from the AguaSociAL project. |
| Keywords: | social innovation,natural resources,water management,freedom,Brazilian Amazon |
| Date: | 2018–06–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01858335&r=env |
| By: | LI, Liqing; Ando, Amy W.; Kirwan, Barrett E. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259195&r=env |
| By: | Herrera Almanza, Catalina; Cas, Ava |
| Keywords: | Labor and Human Capital, Consumer/Household Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259129&r=env |
| By: | Rodriguez,Divina Gracia P.; Hegrenes, Agnar; Rejesus, Roderick M. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Risk and Uncertainty, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258108&r=env |
| By: | Silva, Felipe; Perrin, Richard K.; Fulginiti, Lilyan E.; Schoengold, Karina |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259183&r=env |
| By: | Quentin Perrier (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - AgroParisTech - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Philippe Quirion (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - AgroParisTech - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement) |
| Abstract: | The threat of climate change requires redirecting investment towards low-carbon sectors, and this shift generates heated debates about its impact on employment. Many studies exist, most of which use CGE or Input-Output (IO) models. However, the economic mechanisms at play remain unclear. This paper disentangles the channels of job creation and studies to what extent the results of simpler IO models diverge from CGE results. Using stylized models, we show that a shift in investment creates jobs in IO if it promotes sectors with a higher share of labour in value added, lower wages or a lower import rate. In CGE, the first two channels also yield job creation, but there is no positive impact of targeting low-imports sectors-unless these do not export. Then we undertake a numerical analysis of two policies: the installation of solar panels and weatherization in France. Both policies have a positive effect on employment, in both models, due to the high share of labour and low wages in these sectors. IO results provide a good approximation of CGE results for solar (-14% to +34%) and are slightly higher for weatherization (+22% to +87%). Our findings challenge the idea that renewables boost employment by reducing imports , but they also suggest that a double dividend can be achieved by encouraging low-carbon labour-intensive sectors. |
| Keywords: | Renewable energies,Investment,Employment,CGE |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01869997&r=env |
| By: | Wang, Haoluan |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258125&r=env |
| By: | Niyibizi, Bart; Brorsen, B. Wade |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259194&r=env |
| By: | Zou, Eric |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2017–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258274&r=env |
| By: | Chen, Xiaoguang; Ye, Jingjing |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, International Development |
| Date: | 2017–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258256&r=env |
| By: | Wu, T.; Thomassin, P.J. |
| Abstract: | This study analyzed the impact of a carbon tax on food prices and consumption patterns in Canada. The findings suggest that a carbon tax has negative impacts on both food prices and food consumption patterns in Canada. The magnitude of the impact depends on whether agriculture sectors are exempt from the carbon tax. When these sectors are exempt, the negative impacts of a carbon tax on food prices and food consumption patterns are small. A multi-regional price model was constructed to analyze the impact of the carbon tax by region. Specifically, this study compared the changes in food prices and food consumption patterns among different provinces in Canada. The results showed that food prices in Quebec are the most affected, followed by Alberta. In addition, there was no evidence that the impact of a carbon tax on the food consumption patterns would vary by income group. These results shed light on the impact of carbon taxes on food security and affordability in Canada. |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Development |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:275913&r=env |
| By: | Thayer, Anastasia W.; McCarl, Bruce A. |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–02–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea18:266615&r=env |
| By: | Kim, Moon Joon |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258215&r=env |
| By: | David Marguerit (OECD); Guillaume Cohen (OECD); Carrie Exton (OECD) |
| Abstract: | This paper summarises available evidence on the distance that OECD countries need to travel in order to reach the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets for children and young people. More than 50 indicators are included in this analysis, covering 43 of the 169 targets, and 11 of the 17 Goals. The analysis finds that, on average, OECD countries are still far from reaching the targets pertaining to Goals 4 “Quality education”, and 8 “Decent work and economic growth”. Goals 1 “No poverty”, 2 “Zero hunger” and 16 “Peace, justice and strong institutions” are also highlighted as priority areas. However, the results vary widely across OECD countries, and among specific targets within each of the goals. Yet, all of these findings need to be considered in light of what it is not currently possible to measure. In particular, there are large data gaps for Goals 1 (“No poverty”), 5 (“Gender equality”), 11 (“Sustainable cities and communities”), and 16 (“Peace, justice and strong institutions”). |
| Keywords: | children, measurement, SDGs, Sustainable Development Goals, well-being |
| JEL: | C10 O20 O21 Q01 Y20 |
| Date: | 2018–09–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:stdaaa:2018/05-en&r=env |
| By: | Mu, Jianhong; Ziolkowska, Jad R. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Land Economics/Use, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259964&r=env |
| By: | Torell, Gregory L.; Stevens, Reid |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Demand and Price Analysis |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259946&r=env |
| By: | Morgan, Seth; Baylis, Kathy |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, International Development, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2017–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258257&r=env |
| By: | Reeling, Carson; Palm-Forster, Leah H.; Melstrom, Richard T. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259157&r=env |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | This Policy Paper comprises an Issue Brief and Background Report prepared by the OECD for the G7 Environment, Energy and Oceans Ministers. It outlines the rising risks faced by coastal communities, which are being exacerbated by climate change. It shows how governments can harness innovation in information, planning, financing and monitoring to help improve resilience of those areas to climate change, and emphasises the need for close engagement with coastal communities. |
| Date: | 2018–09–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaac:13-en&r=env |
| By: | Wallander, Steven; Bowman, Maria S.; Claassen, Roger L. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259148&r=env |
| By: | Rajagopal, Deepak; Simon, Daniel H. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Industrial Organization |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259969&r=env |
| By: | Hochman, Gal; Hochman, Eithan; Naveh, Nadav |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Farm Management, Industrial Organization |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259160&r=env |
| By: | Simon, Daniel H.; Zirogiannis, Nikolaos; Hollingsworth, Alex |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259116&r=env |
| By: | Olson, David W.; Mason, Nicole M. |
| Keywords: | International Development, Farm Management, Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258093&r=env |
| By: | Park, Eunchun; Brorsen, Wade; Harri, Ardian |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259145&r=env |
| By: | Sinha, Nishita; Lacewell, Ronald D.; Ribera, Luis; Fipps, Guy |
| Abstract: | A well-defined market for tradable water rights can achieve allocative and productive efficiency. Allocative efficiency refers to water allocation to highest valued use, while productive efficiency allows for water conservation since conserved water can be sold in the market (McCann and Garrick, 2014). The issues surrounding water requirements in the Lower Rio Grande Valley in South Texas include rising water demand and falling supply levels from frequent droughts and under deliveries by Mexico. A probability distribution for water deliveries in the next delivery cycle (2021-2025) is developed using a multivariate time series model. Based on the model, it is highly likely that Mexico will under deliver in the next cycle. Consequently, a market solution called the Dry Year Option Program (DYOP) is proposed as a near-term solution while making gradual efforts to revise the delivery mechanism, and improve irrigation efficiency. DYOP will involve temporary “transfer” of water rights from agriculture to urban water users. The farmers, in turn, will receive payments per acre-feet of water right enrolled in the program. These payments equal the value of irrigation water, calculated using the Residual Imputation Method. The program will ensure water security for urban water users while helping farmers to minimize losses. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea18:266604&r=env |
| By: | Elena Verdolini (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM), Milan); Francesco Vona (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques); David Popp (Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs) |
| Abstract: | The diffusion of renewable energy in the power system implies high supply variability. Lacking economically viable storage options, renewable energy integration is possible thanks to the presence of modern mid-merit fossil-based technologies, which act as back-up capacity. This paper discusses the role of modern fossil-based power generation technologies in supporting renewable energy investments. We study the deployment of these two technologies conditional on all other drivers in 26 OECD countries between 1990 and 2013. We show that moving from the first to the third quartile of the distribution of modern fossil technologies is associated with an increase in yearly renewable energy investment of between 6 and 14 kW per thousand people, on average and ceteris paribus. This is a sizeable effect, considering that average yearly renewable capacity addition in our sample are around 12 kW per thousand people. These findings are robust to different econometric specifications, various definitions of modern fossil technologies and are stronger for wind, which is more intermittent and for which the mismatch between supply and demand is more marked. Our analysis points to the substantial indirect costs of renewable energy integration and highlights the complementarity of investments in different generation technologies for a successful decarbonization process. |
| Keywords: | Renewable energy instruments; Fossil energy investments; Complementarity; Energy and environmental policy |
| Date: | 2018–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/jff6fcqc8e6bbhnlvps4rou6&r=env |
| By: | Song, Chun; Sesmero, Juan Pablo |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2017–06–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258033&r=env |
| By: | Griesinger, Mark R.; Palm-Forster, Leah H.; Messer, Kent D.; Butler, Julianna; Fooks, Jacob |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259153&r=env |
| By: | Xie, Jun; Nozawa, Wataru; Yagi, Michiyuki; Fujii, Hidemichi; Managi, Shunsuke |
| Abstract: | This study investigated the relationship between corporate efficiency and corporate sustainability to determine whether firms concerned about environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues can also be efficient and profitable. We applied data envelopment analysis to estimate corporate efficiency and investigated the nonlinear relationship between corporate efficiency and ESG disclosure. Evidence shows that corporate transparency regarding ESG information has a positive association with corporate efficiency at the moderate disclosure level, rather than at the high or low disclosure level. Governance information disclosure has the strongest positive linkage with corporate efficiency, followed by social and environmental information disclosure. Moreover, we explored the relationship between particular ESG activities and corporate financial performance (CFP), including corporate efficiency, return on assets and market value. We found that most of the ESG activities reveal a non-negative relationship with CFP. These findings may provide evidence about voluntary corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy choices for enhancing corporate sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Corporate Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis, ESG Disclosure, ESG Activities, Corporate Social Responsibility, Stakeholder Engagement, Sustainable Development |
| JEL: | M14 Q5 Q56 |
| Date: | 2017–12–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:88720&r=env |
| By: | Root, Christopher; Maredia, Mywish K. |
| Keywords: | International Development, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258098&r=env |
| By: | Xu, Minhong; Xu, Yilan |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2017–06–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258019&r=env |
| By: | Hall, David C.; Le, Quynh B. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Risk and Uncertainty, International Development |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259132&r=env |
| By: | Dirk Brounen |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2017–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2017_edu_115&r=env |
| By: | Gao, Jianfeng; Mills, Bradford F. |
| Keywords: | International Development, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2017–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258272&r=env |
| By: | Channa, Hira; Ricker-Gilbert, Jacob; Shively, Gerald E.; Spielman, David J. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development, Risk and Uncertainty |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:261222&r=env |
| By: | Villegas, Laura |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259136&r=env |
| By: | Francesco Vona (Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques) |
| Abstract: | Political acceptability is an essential issue in choosing the appropriate climate policy. Sociologists and behavioral scientists recognize the importance of selecting environmental policies that have broad political support, while economists compare different instruments first based on their efficiency and then by assessing their distributional impacts and thus the political acceptability of such policies. I argue that the large economic losses potentially ascribed to climate policies, especially job losses, can have substantial impacts on the willingness to vote for these policies. In aggregate, the costs of these losses are significantly smaller than the benefits; both in terms of health and labor market outcomes, but the losses are concentrated in specific areas, sectors and social groups that are already exposed to other shocks, such as automation and trade shocks. This setting conjures a collective action problem that is amplified by declining political participation, de-unionization and localized contextual effects. Key policy insight: ■ Climate policies are perceived as extremely harmful for employment because of their high incidence on communities and sectors that already damaged by other shocks. ■ Excessive levels of labour market inequalities are detrimental for the political acceptability of climate policies, thus fighting inequality can have beneficial effects for climate change. ■ Policymakers should be more careful in distinguishing between small and large distributional effects of climate policies, and their consequences on their political acceptability |
| Keywords: | Climate policies; Employment impacts; Inequality and distributional Impacts; Collective action problems; Amplification mechanisms; Political acceptability |
| Date: | 2018–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/7upb3pbvdn8fbq3fscr7otbg9t&r=env |
| By: | Tolhurst, Tor N.; Ker, Alan P. |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty, Production Economics, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259189&r=env |
| By: | Zarei, Mohammadreza; Hindsley, Paul; Landry, Craig; Schnier, Kurt E.; Whitehead, John C.; Zarei, M. Reza |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:261221&r=env |
| By: | Stephen Polasky (Boston College) |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:bocoec:199&r=env |
| By: | Hellman, Kelly L.; Mullins, Jamie |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Health Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259123&r=env |
| By: | Mulenga, Brian P.; Brorsen, B. Wade; Epplin, Francis M.; Rush, Charles M.; Workneh, Fekede |
| Abstract: | Wheat streak mosaic virus is among the most economically important viruses affecting winter wheat in the Great Plains region. Depending on infection severity, the virus can lead to significant yield loss, rendering continuation of mid-season input application uneconomical. Determining an economic threshold infection severity soon enough in the season so that farmers could discontinue input application, could increase farmer net returns and save resources. Using data from a field experiment involving 114 sample plots, which were sensed for the presence of the virus using reflectance readings, we conducted econometric and partial budget analysis to estimate the effect of the virus on yields, and determine the economic threshold level of infection. Results indicate varying threshold infection severity depending on the date of sensing, with earlier sensing having a higher threshold than sensing at a later date. Further, estimates show that the virus can reduce yields by as much as 35 percent for every unit increase in reflectance readings, between growth stages Feekes 5 and 6. Without a better predictor of yield losses, however, it is rarely going to be the case that it would pay to discontinue input application. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics |
| Date: | 2018–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea18:266665&r=env |
| By: | Suh, Dong Hee |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2017–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258198&r=env |
| By: | Nguyen, Bryan H.; Bi, Xiang |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258277&r=env |
| By: | Guilfoos, Todd |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Land Economics/Use |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:261228&r=env |
| By: | Zhang, Rui; Shonkwiler, J. Scott |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258099&r=env |
| By: | Karavolias, Joanna; House, Lisa A. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Marketing, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259981&r=env |
| By: | Melstrom, Richard T. |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Industrial Organization |
| Date: | 2017–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258281&r=env |
| By: | Backstrom, Jesse D.; Eckel, Catherine; Rholes, Ryan; Tangvatcharapong, Meradee |
| Keywords: | Political Economy, Public Economics, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259936&r=env |
| By: | Kiran Prajapati (Sheth R A College of Science) |
| Abstract: | Industrial area in Narol, is located in the outskirt region of Ahmedabad, Gujarat with a number of industries. Chemicals and textile industries are an important industry in this area producing a number of agrochemicals and cloths along with lot of effluents throughout the year. The accumulated effluents bring about changes in the various water quality parameters. The study of surface water quality at the vicinity of industrial area throughout the year 2015 (during monsoon, pre-monsoon and post- monsoon period) reveals that all the water quality parameters specially pH and fluoride content are much above the standard values prescribed by ISO 10500 which gradually approach towards standard value with an increase in distance from the industry. The surface water up to a distance of 02 km from core industrial area is not suitable for living organisms. |
| Keywords: | Industrial pollution, Water quality parameters, pH Fluoride content |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:7208428&r=env |
| By: | Yan, Youpei |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2017–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258280&r=env |
| By: | Sassi, Aliya; Vardon, Peter; Flannery, Brenna |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Relations/Trade, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259955&r=env |
| By: | Wade, Shelby; Shockley, Jordan M.; Dillon, Carl R.; McGrath, Joshua M. |
| Abstract: | Commercial fertilization has long been the preferred method amongst Kentucky grain farmers. However, emerging technology of poultry litter sub-surface injection will challenge the normal fertilization methods though there have been concerns over added costs and time in the field. A resource allocation linear programming model was performed in AIMMS software comparing the two methods. Results showed that the injection method yielded higher net returns then the typical commercial fertilization despite the additional costs and field hours. This information will be useful to farm managers looking to increase profit margins once the technology hits the market. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2018–01–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea18:266764&r=env |
| By: | Tanner, Sophia; Garnache, Cloe |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2017–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259167&r=env |