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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Esther Duflo; Michael Greenstone; Rema Hanna (Center for International Development at Harvard University) |
| Abstract: | It is conventional wisdom that it is possible to reduce exposure to indoor air pollution, improve health outcomes, and decrease greenhouse gas emissions in rural areas of developing countries through the adoption of improved cooking stoves. This is largely supported by observational field studies and engineering or laboratory experiments. However, we provide new evidence, from a randomized control trial conducted in rural Orissa, India (one of the poorest places in India) on the benefits of a commonly used improved stove that laboratory tests showed to reduce indoor air pollution and require less fuel. We track households for up to four years after they received the stove. While we find a meaningful reduction in smoke inhalation in the first year, there is no effect over longer time horizons. We find no evidence of improvements in lung functioning or health and there is no change in fuel consumption (and presumably greenhouse gas emissions). The difference between the laboratory and field findings appears to result from households’ revealed low valuation of the stoves. Households failed to use the stoves regularly or appropriately, did not make the necessary investments to maintain them properly, and usage rates ultimately declined further over time. More broadly, this study underscores the need to test environmental and health technologies in real-world settings where behavior may temper impacts, and to test them over a long enough horizon to understand how this behavioral effect evolves over time. |
| Keywords: | indoor air pollution, human health, climate change, technology adoption |
| JEL: | O10 O13 O12 Q0 Q23 Q3 Q51 Q53 Q56 I15 I18 |
| Date: | 2017–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cid:wpfacu:241&r=env |
| By: | Hille, Erik (HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management) |
| Abstract: | Can FDI help to reduce regional air pollution emissions in Korea? Given the proclamation of a far-reaching national green growth strategy that requires a shift in both public and private investments, this paper addresses the need for empirical estimates on the environmental consequences of FDI inflows into Korea. Using a simultaneous equations model the impacts of FDI inflows are decomposed into direct as well as indirect scale, composition, and technique effects. Thereby, the analysis utilizes panel data on six air pollutants in 16 Korean provinces and self-governing cities for the time period 2000 to 2011. The estimation results show that FDI inflows concurrently stimulate regional economic growth and reduce air pollution intensities. However, the total level of air pollution emissions mostly remains unchanged. While confirming the findings of the existing national level research on the FDI growth relationship in Korea, the results are partly contrary to the respective earlier findings on the FDI environment nexus. Given Korea’s high level of development paired with the aforementioned impact on economic growth and air pollution intensities, foreign investments are, therefore, regarded as one potential pillar to achieve the goals of the green growth strategy. |
| Keywords: | Foreign direct investments; green growth; air pollution; decomposition analysis; Republic of Korea; province level |
| JEL: | F21 O44 Q53 Q56 |
| Date: | 2017–08–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cesisp:0460&r=env |
| By: | Suppa, Alberto |
| Abstract: | European Union addresses environmental and climatic issues through different instruments (research and innovation programs, various categories of structural funds, etc. Among them, LIFE (L'Instrument Financier pour l'Environnement) is the EU’s financial instrument supporting environmental, nature conservation and climate action projects in EU countries. Since 1992, LIFE has co-financed 4306 projects and in 25 years contributed to ensuring environmental protection all over Europe. |
| Keywords: | Unione Europea, Ambiente, Cambiamento Climatico, LIFE, Biodiversità, Mobilità Sostenibile, Climate Change, Environment, European Union, |
| JEL: | Q50 Q53 Q54 Q56 Q57 Q58 Q59 |
| Date: | 2017–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:81031&r=env |
| By: | Strulik, Holger |
| Abstract: | In this paper I propose a time-consistent method of discounting hyperbolically that contains the discount rate implied by Gamma discounting as a special case. I apply the discounting method to three canonical environmental problems: (i) optimal renewable resource use, (ii) the tragedy of the commons, (iii) economic growth and pollution. I then compare results with those for conventional exponential discounting using the normalization that both methods provide the same present value of an infinite constant flow. I show that, irrespective of potentially high initial discount rates, time-consistent hyperbolic discounting leads always to a steady state of maximum yield, or, if the environment enters the utility function, a steady state where the Green Golden Rule applies. While (asymptotic) extinction is a real threat under exponential discounting it is impossible under time-consistent hyperbolic discounting. This result is also confirmed for open access resources. In a model of economic growth and pollution, hyperbolic discounting establishes the Golden Rule of capital accumulation and the Modified Green Golden Rule. |
| Keywords: | discounting,time-consistency,renewable resource use,property rights,growth,pollution |
| JEL: | D60 D90 Q20 Q50 Q58 O40 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cegedp:319&r=env |
| By: | Newbery, D. |
| Abstract: | The paper sets out the economic theory for addressing externalities such as air pollution from burning fossil fuels and from road transport, and for public bads such as greenhouse gases, taking as examples the Clean Air Act, 1956, progress in reducing emissions from power stations, and recent concerns over the number of premature deaths from the rapid growth in diesel cars. That damage can be costed at 15p/litre of diesel on average. The last part discusses the efficacy of taxes, quotas or standards and the EU ETS for mitigating climate damage. |
| Keywords: | Air pollution, particulates, fossil generation, transport, emissions trading |
| JEL: | H2 H23 H41 I18 Q51 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2017–05–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:1719&r=env |
| By: | Christian Murray (University of Houston); Frederick Lipfert |
| Abstract: | Perhaps the clearest indications of adverse environmental health effects have been responses to short-term excursions in ambient air quality or temperature as deduced from time-series analyses of exposed populations. However, current analyses cannot characterize the prior health status of affected individuals. We used data on daily elderly death counts, ambient air quality indicators, and temperature in Philadelphia, Chicago, and Atlanta to estimate the daily numbers of frail elderly at-risk of premature mortality, their remaining life expectancies, and environmental effects on life expectancy. These unobserved frail populations at-risk were estimated using the Kalman filter. Frail life expectancies range from 13-16 days. Despite substantial differences in demography and environmental conditions in the three cities, frail life expectancies and contributions of ambient conditions are remarkably similar. The loss in frail life expectancy is approximately 12 hours. Conventional time-series analyses of air pollution effects report similar increases in daily mortality associated with air pollution, but our new model shows that such acute environmental risks are limited to a small fraction of the elderly population whose deaths were imminent in any event. This paradigm shift offered by the Kalman filter provides context to previous estimates of acute associations of air pollution with mortality . |
| Keywords: | life expectancy, daily mortality, frailty, temperature, particulate matter, ozone, time series |
| JEL: | C18 Q51 Q53 |
| Date: | 2017–09–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hou:wpaper:2017-247-29&r=env |
| By: | Folgerø, Ingrid Kristine (Dept. of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration); Harding, Torfinn (Dept. of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration); Westby, Benjamin (Dept. of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the impact of speed limits on local air pollution, using a series of datespecific speed limit reductions in Oslo over the 2004-2015 period. We find that lowering the speed limit from 80 to 60 km/h reduces travel speed by 5.8 km/h, but we find no effect on local air pollution. A conservative cost–benefit calculation suggests a net social loss from the speed limit reductions of 0.52 billion USD each year. Our findings imply that policy makers need to consider other actions than speed limit reductions to improve local air quality. |
| Keywords: | Temporary speed limit; air pollution; travel time; cost-benefit; regression discontinuity design |
| JEL: | H23 Q53 Q58 R41 |
| Date: | 2017–09–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhheco:2017_012&r=env |
| By: | Abdelkader Baaziz (IRSIC - Institut de Recherches en Sciences de l'Information et de Communication - AMU - Aix Marseille Université); Valérie Leveille (IRSIC - Institut de Recherches en Sciences de l'Information et de Communication - AMU - Aix Marseille Université); Henri Dou (Competitive Intelligence Think-Tank) |
| Abstract: | While the official discourse in France calls the relationship between Sustainable Development and Competitive Intelligence, exclusively in its lobbying dimension, the lean existing literature, emphasizes competitiveness aspects by reproducing north-American models unlinked to the environmental dissimilarities, such as entrepreneurial culture and the ecosystems deficiency that catalyze synergies between its numerous stakeholders. In this paper, we propose one track of Competitive Intelligence replying to a logic of sustainable development, based on an "Quintuple Helix" approach as an approach that overcomes the competitive partitions by founding a paradigm of "coopetition" and "coopetitiveness" through the "intelligent specialization" with a strong societal and economic impact. This interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approach where Competitive Intelligence plays its full mediation role, is characterized by its prospective dimension of "possible futures", exploring opportunities for sustainable development and lighting stakeholder’s actions in the ecosystem. |
| Abstract: | Alors que le discours officiel en France, évoque la relation entre Développement Durable et Intelligence Economique, dans sa dimension d’influence, la maigre littérature existante, insiste sur des aspects de compétitivité en reproduisant des modèles américains sans tenir compte des dissimilitudes de cultures entrepreneuriales et la déficience d’écosystèmes. Dans cet article, nous proposons une démarche d’Intelligence Economique répondant à une logique de Développement Durable, basée sur une approche dite « Quintuple Hélice » qui s’affranchit des clivages concurrentiels pour développer une approche fondée sur un paradigme de « coocurrence » et « coopétitivité » à travers une « spécialisation intelligente » à fort impact sociétal et économique. Cette approche interdisciplinaire et transdisciplinaire où l’Intelligence Economique jouerait pleinement son rôle de médiation, se caractérise par une « dimension prospective » de « futurs possibles » qui explore les opportunités de développement durable et éclaire les décisions / actions des parties prenantes de l’écosystème. |
| Keywords: | Competitive Intelligence,Sustainable Development,Quintuple Helix,Ecosystem,Coopetition,Coopetitiveness,Intelligence économique,Développement Durable,Quintuple Hélice,Ecosystème,Coocurrence,Coopétitivité |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01574946&r=env |
| By: | Philippe Aghion (CDF - Collège de France - CdF - Collège de France, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PSE - Paris School of Economics, CIAR - Canadian Institute for Advanced Research - Université de Montréal, Department of Economics, Harvard University); Antoine Dechezleprêtre (Centre for Economic Performance - LSE - London School of Economics and Political Science, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment - LSE - London School of Economics and Political Science); David Hémous (Insead - INSEAD - INSEAD); Ralf Martin (Imperial College London, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment - LSE - London School of Economics and Political Science, Centre for Economic Performance - LSE - London School of Economics and Political Science); John Van Reenen (National Bureau of Economic Research - National Bureau of Economic Research, Centre for Economic Performance - LSE - London School of Economics and Political Science) |
| Abstract: | Can directed technical change be used to combat climate change? We construct new firm-level panel data on auto industry innovation distinguishing between “dirty” (internal combustion engine) and “clean” (e.g., electric, hybrid, and hydrogen) patents across 80 countries over several decades. We show that firms tend to innovate more in clean (and less in dirty) technologies when they face higher tax-inclusive fuel prices. Furthermore, there is path dependence in the type of innovation (clean/dirty) both from aggregate spillovers and from the firm’s own innovation history. We simulate the increases in carbon taxes needed to allow clean technologies to overtake dirty technologies. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Taxes |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01496920&r=env |
| By: | Gaelle Petit (GENIAL - Ingénierie Procédés Aliments - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AgroParisTech - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier); Gwenola Yannou-Le Bris (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 - CentraleSupélec, AgroParisTech); Gilles Trystram (GENIAL - Ingénierie Procédés Aliments - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AgroParisTech - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier); Amrine Lallmahomed (AgroParisTech) |
| Abstract: | To tackle sustainability issues, food value chain actors have to study the nature and objectives of the sustainable performance they want to achieve, both individually and also for the value chain as a whole. But they have different interests, goals and strategies. Consequently if they want to cooperate on a shared device because this represents a possible solution to improve the value chain sustainability, they need to find a way to meet a minimum level of each actor expectations. This case study is about possibilities for actors of a pork value chain representative of one type of French production to cooperate in sharing sustainability improvement solutions. The sustainable impacts of the value chain comprising a shared methanation plant with externalization of 3% of heat and 1% of electricity produced are described and analyzed. The multicriteria evaluation of the value chain is based on a life cycle analysis model with associated environmental and social indicators. The behavior of the methanation plant is simulated using Methasim tool and the input/output flows of the software are bridged to the LCA model. A focus is made on comparing the sustainable performance of two scenarios (standard i.e. without methanation plant and with shared methanation plant) and on confronting results with respective expectations of various players of the value chain in terms of sustainable performance. Is sharing a methanation plant a good solution for the economic actors of the value chain? How to create cooperation between the actors of a value chain in order to increase sustainability of their products and practices? The results and analysis will focus on each actor's contribution to the sustainable footprint and values destroyed or created. New intermediate solutions can be then proposed. The discussion is about methodological ways to facilitate the cooperation and the data flows to be exchanged between value chain actors. |
| Keywords: | Food,Actors,Sustainability,Indicators,Assessment,Cooperation,Value chain |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01567341&r=env |
| By: | Grey, F. |
| Abstract: | Much of the time, firms lobby against environmental protection, but there are major exceptions to this rule. DuPont, the leading ozone polluter in the 1980s, lobbied for a complete ban of its product. In 2015, in the run up to the Paris Agreement, Europe's six largest oil and gas companies lobbied for a global carbon price. This kind of political support is often pivotal for governments trying to protect the environment. I offer an explanation for this phenomenon, suggesting firms behave as they do in order to steal market share from their rivals. I develop a simple model in which a polluting firm makes a clean technology investment and then lobbies successfully for strong environmental protection, since this will shift market share away from its rival who has not made the clean investment. The key result is that there are situations where it is only because of firms' lobbying that environmental protection is achieved, and this raises welfare. |
| Keywords: | lobbying, environmental policy, political economics |
| JEL: | D72 H23 Q58 |
| Date: | 2017–08–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:1732&r=env |
| By: | Basu Roy, Sharanya |
| Abstract: | The largest river basin of India, the Ganges (locally referred as Ganga) is one of the most important river systems in the world. It is home to almost one tenth of the world’s population. Billions of litres of sewage, industrial waste, thousands of animal and human corpses are also released into the river every day. Consequently, the Ganga Action Plan (GAP) was launched in 1985 for pollution abatement as a Federal and state sponsored scheme and till date, three phases have been implemented. Even after establishing numerous institutional arrangements under the GAP and investing billions of dollars there has been no major improvement in the Ganges river water quality, in fact it has further deteriorated. Clearly governmental intervention through pollution control policies, specifically regulation has failed miserably. Therefore, an attempt has been made to analyse empirically, the legal and institutional framework of the GAP using the transdisciplinary method ‘economic analysis of law’. The results reveal that the chief underlying reason for ineffective GAP regulations is lack of a well-defined legal basis. |
| Keywords: | water pollution, River Ganges, regulatory quality, Economic analysis of Law, public policy |
| JEL: | K0 K00 K3 K32 Q2 Q5 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2017–04–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:81148&r=env |
| By: | Annett, Anthony M.; Sachs, Jeffrey; Sánchez Sorondo, Marcelo; Vendley, William F. |
| Abstract: | The challenges of sustainable development are primarily ethical in nature. Guided by a ceaseless quest for profit, today's global economy is synonymous with vast amounts of exclusion, indignity, and environmental devastation. To succeed, therefore, the Sustainable Development Goals require "moral capacity" as much as financial or technical capacity. In line with the recently-formed Ethics in Action initiative, the authors therefore propose a sequence of measures designed to better orient the global economy toward the common good, coherent with the values of the world's major religious traditions. These proposals are in the areas of financing, the pursuit of justice, and pedagogy. |
| Keywords: | ethics,sustainable development,religion,poverty |
| JEL: | A13 I30 O19 Z12 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwedp:201756&r=env |
| By: | Grilli, Gianluca; Curtis, John; Hynes, Stephen; Landgraf, Gavin |
| Abstract: | In this paper we use the travel cost method to estimate the demand function for two of western Ireland’s destination salmon fisheries: the River Moy in County Mayo and the River Corrib in County Galway. Data were collected by an on-site survey questionnaire and demand was estimated using count data models. In the study sites commercial fishing was banned to avoid unsustainable harvesting of salmon, which removed an important source of income for the local communities. Therefore, the study is important to highlight whether recreational fishing presents an opportunity for further development of the local economy. Welfare estimates from our models indicate that anglers are willing to pay €867 for a day of angling on the Galway and Moy fisheries, approximately double the costs incurred. Differently from previous research, tourists anglers were found to be price sensitive, with a price elasticity close to unity. This means that escalating costs likely result in declining demand among tourist anglers. Corrib and Moy fisheries support local economic activity with visiting anglers’ expenditure contributing €22-€31 per angler per day to local incomes, which is an indication of the potential of the fishery resource for economic development. |
| Date: | 2017–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp570&r=env |
| By: | Caroline Orset (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AgroParisTech); Nicolas Barret (AgroParisTech); Aurélien Lemaire (AgroParisTech) |
| Abstract: | Although plastic induces environmental damages, almost all water bottles are made from plastic and the consumption never stops increasing. This study evaluates the consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for different plastics used for water packaging. Successive messages emphasizing the characteristics of plastic are delivered to participants allowing explaining the influence of information on the consumers' WTP. We find that information has a manifest effect on WTP. We show there is a significant premium associated with recycled plastic packaging and organic and biodegradable plastic packaging. As there is no consensus on the plastic which is the most or the least dangerous for the environment, we propose different policies for protecting the environment. We discuss about the impact of these policies on consumer's purchasing decisions: switching one plastic packaging for another, or leaving water plastic bottles' market. We see that from the standpoint of consumer surplus, regulation is effective with certain environmental policies. Choosing between them then depend on the priorities of the regulator and pressure of lobbies. |
| Keywords: | Regulatory instruments,Bioplastic bottles,Consumer's willingness to pay,Biodegradable plastic bottles,Information campaign,Recycling plastic bottles |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01500900&r=env |
| By: | EssŽ Fabrice Ochou (CIRED-UniversitŽ Felix Houphou‘t Boigny ( Abidjan-Cocody)); Philippe Quirion (CIRED-CNRS) |
| Abstract: | This study shows the existence of a price bias in the so-called ÒRicardianÓ studies inspired by Mendelsohn et al. (AER, 1994) and quantifies this bias. To do this, we use panel data on the 45 provinces of Burkina Faso over 12 years. The crops studied are maize, millet and sorghum. The analysis shows that the effects of climate variables on the yield and value of production per hectare of maize and millet are not the same, reflecting the presence of a price bias. In the case of Sorghum, the effects of climatic variables on yields and the value of production per hectare are practically the same, indicating the absence of statistically significant price bias. Quantifying the price bias in cases where it exists, ie for maize and millet shows that the more unfavorable the climate change, the greater the price bias will be. In the worst case, it reaches a gap of 2.05 percentage point for millet and 0.92 percentage point for maize. From this analysis, Ricardian in cross sectional or even panel studies assuming constant prices underestimate the impact of climate change by using income or value. |
| Keywords: | Biais de prix, Mod le ricardien, Changement climatique, Agriculture, DonnŽes de panel |
| JEL: | Q22 Q15 Q11 |
| Date: | 2017–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fae:ppaper:2017.04&r=env |
| By: | Vincent Bertrand (Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CRESE); Sylvain Caurla (LEF, AgroParisTech, INRA, 54000, Nancy, France); Elodie Le Cadre (Climate Economics Chair, Univ. Paris Dauphine, Paris, France); Philippe Delacote (LEF, AgroParisTech, INRA, 54000, Nancy, France) |
| Abstract: | We compute the optimal subsidy level to fuelwood consumption that makes it possible to achieve the French biomass energy consumption target. In this view, we model the competitions and trade-offs between the consumption of fuelwood for heat (FW-H) and the consumption of fuelwood for power generation (FW-E). To do so, we couple a forest sector model with an electricity simulation model and we test different scenarios combining FW-H and FW-E that account for contrasted potential rise in carbon price and potential reduction in the number of nuclear plants. We assess the implications of these scenarios on (1) the budgetary costs for the Government, (2) the industrial wood producers’ profits, (3) the costs savings in power sector for the different scenarios tested and (4) the carbon balance. We show that the scenario with the highest carbon price and the lowest number of nuclear plants is the less expensive from a budgetary perspective. Indeed, when associated with a high carbon price, co-firing may increase FW-E demand with lower subsidy level, which enables reducing the cost of reaching the target. However, in this case, FW-E crowds-out part of FW-H which may cause political economy issues. From a carbon balance perspective, a FW-H only scenario better performs than any other scenario that combines FW-H and FW-E due to the relatively low emissions factors of alternative technologies for electricity generation, in particular nuclear energy. |
| Keywords: | Forestry sector, Bioenergy, Biomass-based electricity, Carbon pricing, Nuclear power |
| JEL: | Q41 Q48 Q23 |
| Date: | 2017–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crb:wpaper:2017-12&r=env |
| By: | Jean-François Huchet (Inalco - Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales) |
| Abstract: | La Chine traverse une crise environnementale sans précédent dans l’histoire du développement économique. Après une prise de conscience tardive des problèmes de pollution de la part du gouvernement, un dispositif juridique et administratif de lutte contre les dégradations de l’environnement a été progressivement mis en place depuis le début des années 2000. Ce dispositif a été encore renforcé à partir de 2013 avec un gouvernement central affichant une volonté politique beaucoup plus ferme. Ces politiques se combinent également avec un ambitieux programme d’investissements dans les énergies renouvelables. Il est encore trop tôt pour juger de l’efficacité de cette nouvelle combinaison. Parmi tous les facteurs pouvant influencer l’efficacité de ces mesures, la réaction des gouvernements locaux constitue certainement une des clefs de la réussite de ces politiques. On oublie trop souvent dans les analyses concernant l'environnement en Chine, que parallèlement aux facteurs tels que le poids démographique, le poids de l'industrie lourde, et les choix énergétiques, le rôle des gouvernements locaux en Chine a contribué à aggraver les problèmes de pollution. Comme nous le verrons dans une première partie, le mode de fonctionnement économique au niveau local, notamment depuis le lancement des réformes en 1978, a engendré des surcapacités de production dans l'industrie couplées à une faible concentration de la production par rapport à ce que l'on peut observer dans d'autres pays en développement. Dans une deuxième partie, nous recenserons les politiques ambitieuses décidées en 2013 en matière de réduction des capacités de production, de fermetures des petites usines ou d'entreprises polluantes, de contrôles plus sévères sur le respect des normes de pollution. Nous verrons enfin, dans une troisième partie, que rien n'indique pour l'instant que les gouvernements locaux sont prêts à appliquer strictement toutes ces mesures décidées par le gouvernement central. Plusieurs facteurs structurels qui conditionnent l'action des gouvernements locaux aussi bien sur le plan politique qu'économique n'ont pas encore été modifiés pour accompagner ces politiques. Leur efficacité pourrait donc, comme par le passé, être limitée au contact de la réalité du fonctionnement local de l'économie chinoise. |
| Keywords: | Chine 21ème s,Environnement y compris commerce equitable climat,économie politique |
| Date: | 2017–04–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01516261&r=env |
| By: | Jean Pierre Huiban (ALISS - Alimentation et sciences sociales - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique); Camille Mastromarco (Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Economia - Università del Salento); Antonio Musolesi (Department of Economics and Management - University of Ferrara); Michel Simioni (UMR MOISA - Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques - INRA Montpellier - Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] - CIHEAM - Centre International des Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | This paper attempts to estimate the impact of pollution abatement investments on the production technology of firms by pursuing two new directions. First, we take advantage of recent econometric developments in productivity and efficiency analysis and compare the results obtained with two complementary approaches: parametric stochastic frontier analysis and conditional nonparametric frontier analysis. Second, we focus not only on the average effect but also on its heterogeneity across ?rms and over time and search for potential nonlinearities. We provide new results suggesting that such an effect is heterogeneous both within ?rms and over time and indicating that the effect of pollution abatement investments on the production process is not monotonic. These results have relevant implications both for modeling and for the purposes of advice on environmentally friendly policy. |
| Abstract: | Cet article estime l’impact des investissements anti-pollution sur la technologie en suivant deux nouvelles directions. Premièrement, il s’inspire de travaux économétriques récents en analyse de la productivité et de l’efficacité et compare les résultats obtenus en utilisant deux approches complémentaires : l’approche paramétrique des frontières stochastiques de production et celle non paramétrique de frontières de production. Deuxièmement, l’analyse ne se concentre plus sur le seul comportement moyen mais s’intéresse à l’hétérogénéité des effets des investissements anti-pollution entre les firmes dans le temps. Une attention particulière est ainsi donnée à la détection de non linéarités. Les résultats empiriques apportent un éclairage nouveau sur ces effets en montrant qu’ils sont hétérogènes à la fois entre les firmes et dans le temps et qu’ils ne sont pas monotones. De tels résultats ont une implication en termes non seulement de modélisation des effets des investissements anti-pollution sur la technologie mais aussi de recommandations pour la politique environnementale de réduction des émissions polluantes des firmes. |
| Keywords: | pollution abatement investments,technology,stochastic frontier analysis,conditional nonparametric frontier analysis,generalized product kernels,generalized local polynomial kernel regression,investissements antipollution,technologie,frontières stockastique de production,estimation non paramétrique des frontières de production,estimateurs de noyaux,industrie agroalimentaire,france |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01512154&r=env |
| By: | Minh Ha-Duong (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Hoang Anh Nguyen Trinh (CleanED - Clean Energy and Sustainable Development Lab - USTH - University of sciences and technologies of hanoi) |
| Abstract: | Vietnam plans to develop dozens of new coal-fired power generation units over the next 20 years. If they are indeed build, in order to avoid a dangerous level of global warming, it may appear necessary to dispose of these plants' CO2 by burying it in deep underground geological formations instead of releasing it into the atmosphere, using Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology. We show that CCS has a technical potential in Vietnam, according to the geology and the industrial geography. To discuss under which economics conditions this potential could actualize, we examine two scenarios for 2050. In the first scenario, CO2 is used in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) only. EOR technology makes CCS cheaper by injecting CO2 in partially depleted oil field, aiming to recover more oil. The second scenario considers CCS deployment in coal-based power plants, on top of using it for EOR. This happens after 2035, since according to a survey of 15 national experts, CCS would not be a priority for the next 20 years in Vietnam. That scenario assumes international financial supports to initiate demonstration projects after 2025, that Vietnam develops an affluent economy, that China paves the technology way, and that capture-ready is given some attention in the near term. |
| Keywords: | power generation,Vietnam,capture ready,Carbon capture and storage,scenario 1 |
| Date: | 2017–06–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01547646&r=env |
| By: | O'Nwachukwu, Chinedu Increase; Anani, Makafui |
| Abstract: | Given the adverse effects of air pollution on human health, a lot of studies have empirically investigated the causal effect of air pollution on health. However, no study has considered how fine particulate matter interacts with GDP per capita to affect cancer mortality. This study therefore uses data for 20 OECD countries to estimate the conditional effect of air pollution on cancer mortality. To this end, a fixed effect panel regression model which takes both country and time fixed effects into consideration is estimated. The conditional causal effect of fine particulate matter was found to be negative 0.22 and significant at 1% level. |
| Keywords: | Fine Particulate Matter; Conditional Effect; Pollution; Cancer Mortality |
| JEL: | Q5 Q51 Q52 Q53 |
| Date: | 2017–06–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:81123&r=env |
| By: | Sylvie Faucheux (LIRSA CNAM - LIRSA - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Sciences de l'Action - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM]); Isabelle Nicolaï (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - EA 2606 - CentraleSupélec) |
| Abstract: | La croissance verte relève d’un développement véritablement durable dans ses dimensions économiques, sociétales et écologiques. Dans cette perspective, nous abordons la question du lien entre lutte contre le changement climatique et compétitivité économique, notamment pour le Maroc, puis les conditions requises pour que cette croissance verte s’inscrive sur un sentier de développement durable. Cette analyse de l’innovation en vue du développement durable (ou éco-innovation) au Maroc est menée en examinant les enjeux de la ville intelligente plus souvent désignée par l’expression anglaise de smart city. Nous rappelons que le Maroc a compris que la lutte contre le changement climatique représente une sérieuse opportunité pour se positionner sur une trajectoire de croissance verte. Nous nous interrogeons sur les enjeux de ces eco-innovations et sur leurs conséquences en termes d'emplois et d'entreprenariat social au Maroc. |
| Keywords: | eco-innovation, Maroc, smart city, emplois, entreprenariat social, économie verte, innovation responsable |
| Date: | 2017–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01533448&r=env |
| By: | Álvarez Espinosa, Andrés Camilo; Burgos Salcedo, Javier Darío; Sierra Cárdenas, Diana Carolina |
| Abstract: | El cambio climático es uno de los mayores retos de la actualidad, siendo un tema de primera línea para los países y gobiernos comprometidos con generar políticas, materializadas en estrategias de desarrollo compatible con el clima. En este contexto, se requieren el surgimiento de nuevas formas de conocimiento, que brinden una perspectiva amplia sobre las consecuencias de la toma de decisiones en los diferentes planos del desarrollo, tomando en cuenta la realidad macro y micro para cada país; para este segundo tipo de escala, y asociado al tema del cambio climático, el sector energético se encuentra en un punto neurálgico, en tanto este/éste es la base para el crecimiento de la economía, pero, a su vez se constituye en el origen de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). En pos de ofrecer un cuadro de la economía y la influencia del sector de generación eléctrica (así como su relación), en un escenario de incorporación de energías no convencionales dentro de la matriz energética nacional para Colombia, se crea y corre un modelo de equilibrio general de naturaleza híbrida, que permite evaluar el efecto de medidas de política enfocadas a la reducción de emisiones de GEI sobre la matriz energética y el impacto sobre variables macroeconómicas. Primordialmente, los resultados de la política de cuota de penetración de energéticos renovables, exponen que se puede incrementar la actividad económica al fomentar la inversión, hay una entrada de energéticos renovables en la matriz energética, no obstante, estos sustituyen la generación hídrica y se mantiene la participación térmica, y, en lo que atañe a la dimensión ambiental, la reducción de GEI no es destacada a menos que se incorpore un precio al carbono sobre los hidrocarburos. En este último caso, se cumple el objetivo ambiental y hay un efecto positivo sobre la economía dependiendo qué usos se les dará el valor recaudado. |
| Keywords: | Ambiente, Cambio climático, Economía, Energía, Investigación socioeconómica, |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbl:dblwop:1049&r=env |
| By: | Philippe Polomé (Univ Lyon, Université Lumière Lyon 2, GATE L-SE UMR 5824, F-69130 Ecully, France); Claude Michel (Parc naturel régional des Ballons des Vosges, Munster, France) |
| Abstract: | A survey of private forest owners on adoption of the Natura 2000 charter has been designed to allow respondents to state motives for non-adoption. These motives fall into five main categories: Economic, Compatibility with own practices, Control over one’s property, Information and “no motive”. Using a mixed logit model, we can show that owners of properties at least in part in N2000, significantly evoke the Control motive more often than the other owners; that is not the case of the other motives. Owners who are convinced their properties have a remarkable feature are significantly less likely to evoke the Control motive. We argue that these findings might be appropriated by environmental managers to induce adoption of the N2000 Charter. |
| Keywords: | Non-indutrial private forest owner, Natura 2000 program, Motivation |
| JEL: | D64 H41 Q23 Q28 Z13 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gat:wpaper:1721&r=env |
| By: | François Facchini (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Max Falque (ICREI - Centre International de Recherche sur les Problèmes Environnementaux) |
| Abstract: | This article aims to defend the idea that the Mediterranean countries could unite around a common project that would remove, in one hand, the threat of conventional or radical interpretation of the Prophet for individual freedoms and ultimately the economic development and environmental quality of the southern Mediterranean countries and revive, on the other hand, what has made the greatness of the West, namely the recognition of freedoms individual through the protection of private property. |
| Abstract: | Cet article souhaite défendre l'idée que les pays de la Méditerranée pourraient se fédérer autour d'un projet commun qui permettrait d'écarter, d'une part, la menace que constitue l'interprétation classique ou radicale de la parole du Prophète pour les libertés individuelles et in fine le développement économiques et la qualité de l'environnement des pays du sud de la Méditerranée et de redonner vie, d'autre part, à ce qui a fait la grandeur de l'occident, à savoir la reconnaissance des libertés individuelles à travers la protection de la propriété privée. |
| Keywords: | Property rights,Economic development,Environmental management,Mediterranean,Droits de propriété,Développement économique,Gestion environnementale,Méditerranée |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-01570300&r=env |
| By: | Joël Ntsondé (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Franck Aggeri (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - PSL Research University - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | In order to develop more sustainable projects and deal with the current global environmental crisis, an increasing number of actors are willing to set up models of circular economy and need to develop cooperative approaches to handle the complexity inherent to these models. However, in management literature, the field of collective strategies and inter-organizational cooperation is relatively emerging and still need to be expanded, especially regarding sustainable development issues. So the underlying question we address in this paper is to determine which processes socio-economic actors rely on to build up these collective strategies and inter-organizational cooperation. Empirically, our research focuses on food waste reduction initiatives, using a qualitative method to study several projects which aimed at applying models of circular economy to the food production and distribution chain in Paris Region in France. This research led us to identify a new form of collective action that we outline by introducing the concept of responsible innovation ecosystem. This concept can be used in management to understand how heterogeneous actors can cooperate to develop innovative and sustainable projects. |
| Keywords: | heterogeneous actors,innovation ecosystem, inter-organizational cooperation, responsible innovation, collective innovation, circular economy, food waste |
| Date: | 2017–06–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01494661&r=env |
| By: | Stefanija Veljanoska (Paris School of Economics, UniversitŽ de Paris 1 PanthŽon-Sorbonne, UniversitŽ Paris-Sud) |
| Abstract: | Climate change continuously affects African farmers that operate in rain-fed environments. Coping with weather risk through credit and insurance markets is almost inexistent as these markets are imperfect in the African economies. Even though land fragmentation is often considered as a barrier to agricultural productivity, this article aims at analyzing whether land fragmentation, as an insurance alternative, is able to reduce farmers' exposure to weather variability. In order to address this research question, I use the Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) data on Uganda. After dealing with the endogeneity of land fragmentation, I find that higher land fragmentation decreases the loss of crop yield when households experience rain deviations. Therefore, policy makers should be cautious with land consolidation programs. |
| Keywords: | climate change, land fragmentation, rainfall, yield, insurance |
| JEL: | Q12 Q15 Q54 |
| Date: | 2017–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fae:ppaper:2017.02&r=env |
| By: | Whitehead, John Claiborne |
| Abstract: | Desvousges, Mathews and Train (2015) find that their contingent valuation method (CVM) survey data does not pass the adding up test using a nonparametric estimate of mean willingness-to-pay. Their data suffers from non-monotocity, flat bid curve and fat tails problems, each of which can cause willingness-to-pay estimates to be sensitive to the approach chosen to measure the central tendency. Using additional parametric approaches that are standard in the literature, I find that willingness to pay for the whole is not statistically different from the sum of the parts in two of three additional estimates. In additional robustness checks, all six of the additional tests find that the WTP estimates do not reject the adding up hypothesis. The negative result in Desvousges, Mathews and Train (2015) is not robust to these alternative approaches to willingness-to-pay estimation. |
| Keywords: | contingent valuation,adding up test,willingness-to-pay |
| JEL: | Q51 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwedp:201755&r=env |
| By: | Miller, Justin; Viscidi, Lisa |
| Abstract: | Clean energy research and commercialization have taken off over the last decade. The annual number of clean technology patent documents more than tripled between 2000 and 2014,while venture capital (VC) investment in the clean tech sector overall doubled in 2010-2014 compared to the previous five years, with most clean tech research and investment focused on energy. But more needs to be done. Governments must triple annual spending on energy research and development (R&D) to more than $50 million to meet climate change mitigation goals, according to the International Energy Agency. This report examines clean energy technology development in Brazil, Mexico and Chile, which are among the Latin American countries with the greatest potential to expand clean energy research and commercialization. All three countries are part of “Mission Innovation,” a global initiative to accelerate public and private clean energy innovation, which was launched during the 2015 United Nations climate talks in Paris. Member countries have committed to double clean energy research and development spending over the five years to 2020. |
| Keywords: | Ambiente, Cambio climático, Energía, Innovación, |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbl:dblstp:839&r=env |
| By: | Jaime, Mónica; Chávez, Carlos; Gómez, Walter |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes empirically the determinants of fuel choices and intensity of fuelwood use for residential heating and cooking in central-southern Chile. By using information from a sample of 2,761 households in nine urban areas, we first investigate households’ choices of the main fuel used for heating by means of multinomial models. Then we examine the intensity of fuelwood use through fractional probit models; these models allow analyzing interdependence of fuel use by households while taking account of households’ individual heterogeneity. Results indicate that households’ fuel choices are mainly driven by monetary incentives such as income and fuel prices. In contrast, while there is a component of fuelwood use that cannot be influenced by energy policies such as meteorological conditions across the country, there is a number of characteristics that influence the share households’ energy production that is generated by fuelwood. Factors range from socioeconomic characteristics to households’ perceptions regarding the link between air pollution and use of fuelwood in the county of residence. The knowledge of these factors brings an opportunity for the design of future policy interventions aimed at incentivizing the adoption of cleaner devices. |
| Keywords: | Ciudades, Energía, Investigación socioeconómica, |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbl:dblwop:1051&r=env |
| By: | Leyla Abassi (IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12); Christine Gonzalez (UM - Université du Maine) |
| Abstract: | This research aims to identify the factors that determine pro-environmental behavior, given the emergence of new consumption behaviors, such as resistance, sharing or limitation. A qualitative approach was adopted and 16 interviews were conducted. The content analysis confirms the different steps leading to pro-environmental behavior previously identified in the literature. However, it enriches these researches by proposing several paths leading to the adoption or not of pro-environmental behavior: the indifference, the reactance and the sensitivity. Another research contribution is the importance of the attribution process in adopting ecological behavior and the isolation of three dimensions of this attribution: a me-attribution, an us-attribution and a them-attribution, that should have an influence on consumption behavior. Research avenues are proposed in the conclusion. |
| Abstract: | Cette recherche se donne pour objectif d'identifier les facteurs déterminant les com-portements écologiques dans un contexte d'émergence de nouveaux comportements de con-sommation, comme la résistance, le partage ou la limitation. Une approche qualitative a été adoptée et 16 entretiens ont été réalisés. L'analyse de contenu confirme les différentes étapes menant à un comportement écologique identifiées dans la littérature. Elle enrichit toutefois ces recherches en proposant plusieurs chemins menant ou pas à l'adoption d'un comporte-ment écologique: l'indifférence, la réactance et la sensibilité. Elle permet également de mettre en avant l'importance du processus d'attribution dans l'adoption d'un comportement écolo-gique et d'isoler trois dimensions de l'attribution: l'attribution je, l'attribution nous et l'attribution eux qui ont une influence sur les comportements des individus. Des voies de recherche sont proposées en conclusion. |
| Keywords: | Pro-environmental behavior,influencing factors,attribution process,new consumer behaviors,nouveaux comportements de consommation.,Comportement écologique,facteurs d'influence,le processus d'attribution |
| Date: | 2017–05–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01556238&r=env |
| By: | Florian Fizaine (Univ. Bourgogne Franche ComtŽ, Laboratoire d'ƒconomie de Dijon); Pierre VoyŽ (Univ. Bourgogne Franche ComtŽ, Laboratoire d'ƒconomie de Dijon); Catherine Baumont (Univ. Bourgogne Franche ComtŽ, Laboratoire d'ƒconomie de Dijon) |
| Abstract: | Increasing attention is being paid to the building sector due to its importance in the climate change debate. In recent years, a growing literature on the price premium paid by consumers to access more efficient and sustainable buildings has emerged as a common topic in hedonic model estimations. In this paper, we aim to provide a summary of this literature by conducting a meta-analysis of more than 50 studies from around the world. In this way, based on a random effects models and weighted OLS robust clustering estimations, we offer an average estimation of the price premium accepted by economic agents (in terms of sale prices) in order to enjoy energy efficient and sustainable buildings. This supports the argument that investing in building refurbishment is worthwhile and economically relevant. However, our data seem to show a major publication bias. Correcting for this bias leads us to halve the original estimation (from 8% to 4%). In addition, we analyze the sources of result dispersion by performing a meta-regression using different moderators (type of publication, sample analysis period, econometric method, etc.). We also carry out different statistical tests and use alternative selection criteria in order to check whether our estimations are robust. Finally, we make recommendations for future hedonic studies as well as for upcoming meta-analyses of the green building premium.. |
| Keywords: | labels, certification, energy efficiency, hedonic model, meta-analysis |
| JEL: | R5 Q48 Q5 H54 C19 |
| Date: | 2017–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fae:ppaper:2017.03&r=env |
| By: | Florian Fizaine (Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté, Laboratoire d'Économie de Dijon); Pierre Voyé (Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté, Laboratoire d'Économie de Dijon); Catherine Baumont (Univ. Bourgogne Franche Comté, Laboratoire d'Économie de Dijon) |
| Abstract: | Increasing attention is being paid to the building sector due to its importance in the climate change debate. In recent years, a growing literature on the price premium paid by consumers to access more efficient and sustainable buildings has emerged as a common topic in hedonic model estimations. In this paper, we aim to provide a summary of this literature by conducting a meta-analysis of more than 50 studies from around the world. In this way, based on a random effects models and weighted OLS robust clustering estimations, we offer an average estimation of the price premium accepted by economic agents (in terms of sale prices) in order to enjoy energy efficient and sustainable buildings. This supports the argument that investing in building refurbishment is worthwhile and economically relevant. However, our data seem to show a major publication bias. Correcting for this bias leads us to halve the original estimation (from 8% to 4%). In addition, we analyze the sources of result dispersion by performing a meta-regression using different moderators (type of publication, sample analysis period, econometric method, etc.). We also carry out different statistical tests and use alternative selection criteria in order to check whether our estimations are robust. Finally, we make recommendations for future hedonic studies as well as for upcoming meta-analyses of the green building premium.. |
| Keywords: | labels, certification, energy efficiency, hedonic model, meta-analysis |
| JEL: | R5 Q48 Q5 H54 C19 |
| Date: | 2017–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fae:wpaper:2017.13&r=env |
| By: | Parag Mahajan; Dean Yang |
| Abstract: | How readily do potential migrants respond to increased returns to migration? Even if origin areas become less attractive vis-à-vis migration destinations, fixed costs can prevent increased migration. We examine migration responses to hurricanes, which reduce the attractiveness of origin locations. Restricted-access U.S. Census data allows precise migration measures and analysis of more migrant-origin countries. Hurricanes increase U.S. immigration, with the effect increasing in the size of prior migrant stocks. Large migrant networks reduce fixed costs by facilitating legal immigration from hurricane-affected source countries. Hurricane-induced immigration can be fully accounted for by new legal permanent residents (“green card” holders). |
| JEL: | F22 O15 Q54 |
| Date: | 2017–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23756&r=env |
| By: | Nathalie Fabbe-Costes (CRET-LOG - Centre de Recherche sur le Transport et la Logistique - AMU - Aix Marseille Université) |
| Abstract: | Lors du Grenelle de l’environnement, le Transport Routier de Marchandises (TRM) a été stigmatisé comme une activité logistique responsable d’importantes émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES), notamment de CO2. Après avoir invité les transporteurs à s’engager dans des programmes de réduction d’émission de CO2, l’État leur a imposé, en 2011, l’affichage des émissions de CO2. Ce dispositif, entré en application en 2013, doit inciter à changer les pratiques, non seulement au niveau du TRM, mais plus largement au niveau des chaînes logistiques. Ce billet présente les résultats du programme de recherche Adesict qui participe de la démarche d’évaluation de ce dispositif. |
| Keywords: | prestations logistiques,Décret 2011-1336 , obligation d’affichage information CO2 , transport routier de marchandises |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01562370&r=env |
| By: | Olav Øye (Triarii BV); Laura Aelenei (LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia); Line Barkved (NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research - Norwegian Institute for Water Research); Stan Beaubien (Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" [Rome]); Teresa Bertrand (EnergyIn); Miriame Cherbib (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Emily Creamer (School of Geosciences [Edinburgh] - University of Edinburgh); Sirin Engen (Bellona); Anna Ernst (Bellona); Vasiliki Gemeni (CERTH - Centre for Research & Technology Hellas); Minh Ha-Duong (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Lucia Hrivnakova (Czech Geological Survey - Czech Geological Survey); Vit Hladik (Czech Geological Survey - Czech Geological Survey); Nikolaos Koukouzas (CERTH - Centre for Research & Technology Hellas); Carly Maynard (School of Geosciences [Edinburgh] - University of Edinburgh); Ron Overgoor (Triarii BV); Ana Picado (LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia); Stefano Pirrotta (ASI - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana); Melanie Provoost (Triarii BV); Sandra Ramos (CIUDEN - Fundación Ciudad de la Energía); Stijn Santen (Triarii BV); Konstantinos Sfetsioris (CERTH - Centre for Research & Technology Hellas); Simon Shackley (School of Geosciences [Edinburgh] - University of Edinburgh); Camilla Svendsen Skriung (ZERO - Zero Emission Resource Organisation); Robert van Der Lande (Triarii BV); Gert-Jan van Der Panne (Triarii BV); Samuela Vercelli (DICEA - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" [Rome]) |
| Abstract: | The R&Dialogue project has facilitated ten low-carbon dialogues with representatives from energy, the low-carbon R&D community, social actors and others. In each of the ten countries involved, a ‘coalition of the willing’ explored the challenges and articulated their view on improving the dialogue. This European Dialogue Report is a collection of these experiences, and it reflects upon the themes emerging from those dialogues. |
| Keywords: | energy transition, Europe, Dialogue |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01564600&r=env |
| By: | Olav Øye (Triarii BV); Laura Aelenei (LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia); Line Barkved (NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research - Norwegian Institute for Water Research); Stan Beaubien (Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" [Rome]); Teresa Bertrand (EnergyIn); Miriame Cherbib (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Emily Creamer (School of Geosciences [Edinburgh] - University of Edinburgh); Sirin Engen (Bellona); Anna Ernst (Bellona); Vasiliki Gemeni (CERTH - Centre for Research & Technology Hellas); Minh Ha-Duong (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Lucia Hrivnakova (Czech Geological Survey - Czech Geological Survey); Vit Hladik (Czech Geological Survey - Czech Geological Survey); Nikolaos Koukouzas (CERTH - Centre for Research & Technology Hellas); Carly Maynard (School of Geosciences [Edinburgh] - University of Edinburgh); Ron Overgoor (Triarii BV); Ana Picado (LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia); Stefano Pirrotta (ASI - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana); Melanie Provoost (Triarii BV); Sandra Ramos (CIUDEN - Fundación Ciudad de la Energía); Stijn Santen (Triarii BV); Konstantinos Sfetsioris (CERTH - Centre for Research & Technology Hellas); Simon Shackley (School of Geosciences [Edinburgh] - University of Edinburgh); Camilla Svendsen Skriung (ZERO - Zero Emission Resource Organisation); Robert van Der Lande (Triarii BV); Gert-Jan van Der Panne (Triarii BV); Samuela Vercelli (DICEA - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" [Rome]) |
| Abstract: | The R&Dialogue project has facilitated ten low-carbon dialogues with representatives from energy, the low-carbon R&D community, social actors and others. In each of the ten countries involved, a ‘coalition of the willing’ explored the challenges and articulated their view on improving the dialogue. This European Dialogue Report is a collection of these experiences, and it reflects upon the themes emerging from those dialogues. |
| Keywords: | energy transition, Europe, Dialogue |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:ciredw:hal-01564600&r=env |
| By: | Bardt, Hubertus; Schaefer, Thilo |
| Abstract: | Energieintensive und umsatzstarke Unternehmen stellen aufgrund der energiepolitischen Rahmenbedingungen Investitionen in Deutschland zurück. Dies betrifft zwar nur einen Teil der Unternehmen, zeigt jedoch, dass steigende Kosten und Unsicherheit über zukünftige energiepolitische Weichenstellungen Unternehmen in ihren Investitionsentscheidungen beeinflussen. Nur wenige Unternehmen planen darüber hinaus, aus Gründen der Energiepolitik verstärkt im Ausland zu investieren. Doch die aktuellen Regeln, die dieses sogenannte 'carbon leakage' verhindern sollen, sind befristet und drohen zuungunsten gerade energieintensiver Unternehmen verändert zu werden. Diese Unsicherheit und einseitige Belastungen, die nur national oder in Europa anfallen, bedrohen Innovationen und die notwendigen Investitionen, die deutsche und europäische Unternehmen für eine treibhausgasärmere und effizientere Produktion vornehmen müssen. Deshalb ist es für einen Erfolg der Energiewende unerlässlich, die Gesamtkosten durch effiziente Instrumente soweit wie möglich zu begrenzen und einseitige Belastungen zu vermeiden. |
| JEL: | Q52 Q58 F21 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwkpps:132017&r=env |
| By: | Lionel Fontagné (PSE - Paris School of Economics); Jean Fouré (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique) |
| Abstract: | S’il constitue une avancée, l’Accord de Paris, entré en vigueur en novembre 2016, pose un certain nombre de questions, notamment quant à la responsabilité « commune mais différenciée » – qui se traduit par des engagements très variables d’un pays signataire à l’autre –, mais aussi concernant l’articulation entre politique climatique et politique commerciale. Pour réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES), une politique commerciale ferait-elle mieux qu’une politique climatique ? À défaut, pourrait-elle inciter à des engagements plus ambitieux de réduction des émissions ? Cette Lettre montre, à partir de simulations d’un modèle dynamique de l’économie mondiale développé au CEPII, que la politique commerciale seule n’est pas un bon outil pour limiter les émissions de CO2, mais qu’elle peut venir compléter une politique plus ambitieuse. |
| Keywords: | protectionnisme, gaz à effet de serre, commerce international,climat |
| Date: | 2017–01–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01459839&r=env |
| By: | Sylvaine Lemeilleur (UMR MOISA - Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques - INRA Montpellier - Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] - CIHEAM - Centre International des Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier, CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Julie Subervie (LAMETA - Laboratoire Montpelliérain d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - UM3 - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques - INRA Montpellier - Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier); Anderson Edilson Presoto (USP - University of São Paulo); Roberta De Castro Souza (USP - University of São Paulo); Maria Sylvia Macchione Saes (USP - University of São Paulo) |
| Abstract: | We survey Brazilian coffee farmers’ preferences for attributes of voluntary sustainabilitystandards using a choice experiment. We collected original data from 250 coffee farmers wholive in the state of Minas Gerais who were asked to choose from several hypothetical buyingcontracts for eco-certified coffee. Our results suggest that both cash and non-cash paymentsmay motivate farmers to participate in sustainability standard certification schemes that re-quire improved agricultural practices. Preferences for non-cash rewards such as long-termformal contracts or technical assistance, however, appear highly heterogeneous. Results more-over show that the minimum willingness-to-accept for the adoption of composting is twiceas high as the average price premium for certified coffee in the current context, which maypartly explain why most coffee farmers continue to be reluctant to enter the most stringenteco-certification schemes such as the organic standard. |
| Keywords: | erosion,compost, voluntary sustainability standards,coffee,choice experiment,pesticides,Brazil,pesticide,brésil,café,certification |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01512224&r=env |
| By: | Adam M. Komarek (International Food Policy Research Institute); Sophie Drogue (UMR MOISA - Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - Montpellier SupAgro - Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques - INRA Montpellier - Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] - CIHEAM - Centre International des Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier); Roza Chenoune (IAMM - CIHEAM - Centre International des Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes); James Hawkins (International Food Policy Research Institute); Siwa Msangi (International Food Policy Research Institute); Hatem Belhouchette (IAMM - CIHEAM - Centre International des Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes); Guillermo Flichman (International Food Policy Research Institute) |
| Abstract: | This simulation study explored the agricultural household effects of changes in the price of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer for farmers in central Malawi. We selected the Dedza district to conduct this study, which is a district reliant on maize production for household livelihoods. This study used data from a household survey to develop and calibrate an agricultural household model for a representative household. The survey focused on socio-economic and agronomic factors. This included plot-level agronomic details for crop inputs and yields. Using our dynamic model, we found a negative association between fertilizer prices and fertilizer use, maize area, and income. Removing fertilizer prices led to an increased use of nitrogen fertilizer at the household scale from 16.8 kg to 49.6 kg and this helped increase household income by 52%. We calculated an average own-price elasticity of fertilizer demand of − 0.92. Although higher fertilizer prices increased legume acreage, which had potential environmental benefits, household income fell. Our benefit-cost ratio calculations suggest that government actions that deliver changes in fertilizer prices are relatively cost effective. Our study highlights the reliance of households on maize production and consumption for their livelihood, and the effects that changes in fertilizer prices can have upon them. |
| Keywords: | benefit-cost ratio,bioeconomic model,cropping systems,economics,land use,simulation models,fertilizer,agricultural price,subsistence farming,cropping system,land equivalent ratio,republic of Malawi,modèle de simulation,engrais,ménage agricole,revenu des ménages,prix agricole,agriculture de subsistance,système de culture,utilisation des terres,malawi |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01519139&r=env |
| By: | Radka Prichystalova (ISCC - Institut des Sciences de la Communication du CNRS - UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UP4 - Université Paris-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Jean-Baptiste Fini (ERE - Evolution des régulations endocriniennes - MNHN - Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Leonardo Trasande (NYU - New York University School of Medicine - New York University School of Medicine); Martine Bellanger (Santé Publique EA7348 - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité); Barbara Demeneix (ERE - Evolution des régulations endocriniennes - MNHN - Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Laura Maxim (ISCC - Institut des Sciences de la Communication du CNRS - UPMC - Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UP4 - Université Paris-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Background: Socioeconomic analysis is currently used in the Europe Union as part of the regulatory process in Regulation Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals (REACH), with the aim of assessing and managing risks from dangerous chemicals. The political impact of the socio-economic analysis is potentially high in the authorisation and restriction procedures, however, current socio-economic analysis dossiers submitted under REACH are very heterogeneous in terms of methodology used and quality. Furthermore, the economic literature is not very helpful for regulatory purposes, as most published calculations of health costs associated with chemical exposures use epidemiological studies as input data, but such studies are rarely available for most substances. The quasi-totality of the data used in the REACH dossiers comes from toxicological studies. Methods: This paper assesses the use of the integrated probabilistic risk assessment, based on toxicological data, for the calculation of health costs associated with endocrine disrupting effects of triclosan. The results are compared with those obtained using the population attributable fraction, based on epidemiological data. Results: The results based on the integrated probabilistic risk assessment indicated that 4894 men could have reproductive deficits based on the decreased vas deferens weights observed in rats, 0 cases of changed T3 levels, and 0 cases of girls with early pubertal development. The results obtained with the Population Attributable Fraction method showed 7,199,228 cases of obesity per year, 281,923 girls per year with early pubertal development and 88,957 to 303,759 cases per year with increased total T3 hormone levels. The economic costs associated with increased BMI due to TCS exposure could be calculated. Direct health costs were estimated at €5.8 billion per year. Conclusions:The two methods give very different results for the same effects. The choice of a toxicological-based or an epidemiological-based method in the socio-economic analysis will therefore significantly impact the estimated health costs and consequently the political risk management decision. Additional work should be done for understanding the reasons of these significant differences. |
| Keywords: | Endocrine disruptor,Triclosan,Health costs,REACH regulation,Socio-economic analysis,Chemical risk,Attributable fraction,Probabilistic risk assessment |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01547024&r=env |
| By: | Johanna Choumert (Economic Development Initiatives (EDI)); Pascale Combes Motel (CERDI); Charlain Guegang |
| Abstract: | Although the production of biofuels has expended in recent years, the literature on its impact on growth and development finds contradictory findings. This paper presents a meta-analysis of computable general equilibrium studies published between 2006 and 2014. Using 26 studies, we shed light on why results differ. We investigate factors such as the type of biofuels, the geographic area and the characteristics of models. Our results indicate that the outcomes of CGE simulations are sensitive to models parameters. They also suggest a divide between developed / emerging countries versus Sub-Saharan African countries. |
| Keywords: | Biofuel, Computable General Equilibrium Model, Development, Bioethanol, Biodiesel |
| JEL: | Q16 O13 C68 |
| Date: | 2017–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fae:wpaper:2017.04&r=env |
| By: | Miller, Justin; Visicdi, Lisa |
| Abstract: | La investigación y comercialización de energías limpias se ha incrementado rápidamente durante la última década. La cantidad anual de patentes en tecnología limpia se ha más que triplicado entre el 2000 y el 2014, mientras que la inversión de capital en dicho sector se duplicó durante el mismo período en comparación con los cinco años anteriores, con la mayoría de estas inversiones destinadas a la energía. Sin embargo, más inversiones son necesarias. Los gobiernos deben triplicar sus inversiones anuales en investigación y desarrollo de energía. Según la Agencia Internacional de Energía, estas inversiones deberían superar los $50 millones para poder alcanzar las metas de mitigación de cambio climático. Este informe demuestra que América Latina enfrenta numerosas barreras para el desarrollo de tecnologías de energía limpia. Entre las barreras principales se encuentran el acceso al capital, los incentivos gubernamentales inadecuados y la falta de vínculos entre la industria y la academia. |
| Keywords: | Ambiente, Cambio climático, Energía, Innovación, |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbl:dblstp:838&r=env |
| By: | Olav Øye (Triarii BV); Laura Aelenei (LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia); Line Barkved (NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research - Norwegian Institute for Water Research); Stan Beaubien (Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" [Rome]); Teresa Bertrand (EnergyIn); Miriame Cherbib (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sirin Engen (Bellona); Emily Creamer (School of Geosciences [Edinburgh] - University of Edinburgh); Anna Ernst (Bellona); Marie Gastine (BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières); Vasiliki Gemeni (CERTH - Centre for Research & Technology Hellas); Minh Ha-Duong (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Ales Havlin (Czech Geological Survey - Czech Geological Survey); Vit Hladik (Czech Geological Survey - Czech Geological Survey); Lucia Hrivnakova (Czech Geological Survey - Czech Geological Survey); Nikolaos Koukouzas (CERTH - Centre for Research & Technology Hellas); Carly Maynard (School of Geosciences [Edinburgh] - University of Edinburgh); Ron Overgoor (Triarii BV); Ana Picado (LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia); Stefano Pirrotta (ASI - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana); Melanie Provoost (Triarii BV); Sandra Ramos (CIUDEN - Fundación Ciudad de la Energía); Stijn Santen (Triarii BV); Konstantinos Sfetsioris (CERTH - Centre for Research & Technology Hellas); Simon Shackley (School of Geosciences [Edinburgh] - University of Edinburgh); Camilla Svendsen Skriung (ZERO - Zero Emission Resource Organisation); Robert van Der Lande (Triarii BV); Gert-Jan van Der Panne (Triarii BV); Vong Chan Quang (BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières); Samuela Vercelli (DICEA - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" [Rome]) |
| Abstract: | The European vision outlined, which is only one of many visions possible, is a result of a three year learning process. The R&Dialogue consortium discussed the experiences made and lessons learned during the ten country dialogues. Based on these findings an overall vision for Europe has been constructed. The vision tries to highlight the insights of this mutual learning process, but clearly it does not necessarily reflect the opinions and interests of all the external stakeholders involved. The chapter ‘Vision for Europe in 2050’ lays out the characteristics of a possible low- carbon Europe in the future. The chapter ‘Ways of getting to the low-carbon society’ gives recommendations for how to achieve this transition. |
| Keywords: | Europe, scenario, energy transition |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01564602&r=env |
| By: | Olav Øye (Triarii BV); Laura Aelenei (LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia); Line Barkved (NIVA - Norwegian Institute for Water Research - Norwegian Institute for Water Research); Stan Beaubien (Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" [Rome]); Teresa Bertrand (EnergyIn); Miriame Cherbib (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sirin Engen (Bellona); Emily Creamer (School of Geosciences [Edinburgh] - University of Edinburgh); Anna Ernst (Bellona); Marie Gastine (BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières); Vasiliki Gemeni (CERTH - Centre for Research & Technology Hellas); Minh Ha-Duong (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - CIRAD - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Ales Havlin (Czech Geological Survey - Czech Geological Survey); Vit Hladik (Czech Geological Survey - Czech Geological Survey); Lucia Hrivnakova (Czech Geological Survey - Czech Geological Survey); Nikolaos Koukouzas (CERTH - Centre for Research & Technology Hellas); Carly Maynard (School of Geosciences [Edinburgh] - University of Edinburgh); Ron Overgoor (Triarii BV); Ana Picado (LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia); Stefano Pirrotta (ASI - Agenzia Spaziale Italiana); Melanie Provoost (Triarii BV); Sandra Ramos (CIUDEN - Fundación Ciudad de la Energía); Stijn Santen (Triarii BV); Konstantinos Sfetsioris (CERTH - Centre for Research & Technology Hellas); Simon Shackley (School of Geosciences [Edinburgh] - University of Edinburgh); Camilla Svendsen Skriung (ZERO - Zero Emission Resource Organisation); Robert van Der Lande (Triarii BV); Gert-Jan van Der Panne (Triarii BV); Vong Chan Quang (BRGM - Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières); Samuela Vercelli (DICEA - Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" [Rome]) |
| Abstract: | The European vision outlined, which is only one of many visions possible, is a result of a three year learning process. The R&Dialogue consortium discussed the experiences made and lessons learned during the ten country dialogues. Based on these findings an overall vision for Europe has been constructed. The vision tries to highlight the insights of this mutual learning process, but clearly it does not necessarily reflect the opinions and interests of all the external stakeholders involved. The chapter ‘Vision for Europe in 2050’ lays out the characteristics of a possible low- carbon Europe in the future. The chapter ‘Ways of getting to the low-carbon society’ gives recommendations for how to achieve this transition. |
| Keywords: | Europe, scenario, energy transition |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:ciredw:hal-01564602&r=env |
| By: | Leyla Jaoued Abassi (IRG - Institut de Recherche en Gestion - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12); Christine Gonzalez (GAINS - Groupe d'Analyse des Itinéraires et des Niveaux Salariaux - UM - Université du Maine) |
| Abstract: | Cette recherche se donne pour objectif d’identifier les facteurs déterminant les comportements écologiques dans un contexte d’émergence de nouveaux comportements de consommation, comme la résistance, le partage ou la limitation. Une approche qualitative a été adoptée et 16 entretiens ont été réalisés. L’analyse de contenu confirme les différentes étapes menant à un comportement écologique identifiées dans la littérature. Elle enrichit toutefois ces recherches en proposant plusieurs chemins menant ou pas à l’adoption d’un comportement écologique: l’indifférence, la réactance et la sensibilité. Elle permet également de mettre en avant l’importance du processus d’attribution dans l’adoption d’un comportement écologique et d’isoler trois dimensions de l’attribution: l’attribution je, l’attribution nous et l’attribution eux qui ont une influence sur les comportements des individus. Des voies de recherche sont proposées en conclusion. |
| Keywords: | comportement écologique, facteurs d’influence, le processus d’attribution, nouveaux comportements de consommation. |
| Date: | 2017–05–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01513786&r=env |
| By: | Christiane J.S. Baumeister; Reinhard Ellwanger; Lutz Kilian |
| Abstract: | It is commonly believed that the response of the price of corn ethanol (and hence of the price of corn) to shifts in biofuel policies operates in part through market expectations and shifts in storage demand, yet to date it has proved difficult to measure these expectations and to empirically evaluate this view. We quantify the extent to which price changes were anticipated by the market, the extent to which they were unanticipated, and how the risk premium in these markets has evolved. We show that the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) increased ethanol price expectations by as much $1.50 initially, raising ethanol storage demand starting and causing an increase in the price of ethanol. There is no conclusive evidence that the tightening of the RFS in 2008 shifted market expectations, but our analysis suggests that policy uncertainty about how to deal with the blend wall raised the risk premium in the ethanol futures market in mid-2013 by as much as 50 cents at longer horizons. Finally, we present evidence against a tight link from ethanol price expectations to corn price expectations and hence to the storage demand for corn in 2005-06. |
| JEL: | Q18 Q28 Q42 Q58 |
| Date: | 2017–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23752&r=env |