|
on Environmental Economics |
|
Issue of 2016‒06‒25
fifty-five papers chosen by Francisco S. Ramos Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
| By: | Roberton C. Williams III |
| Abstract: | This paper examines potential environmental tax policy reforms. It focuses primarily on a carbon tax, but also more briefly considers a range of other possible changes. These include revising or eliminating various energy and environmental tax credits and deductions (many of which might become unnecessary in the presence of a carbon tax), as well as changes to energy taxes that have substantial environmental implications (such as the federal gasoline tax). The paper draws on recent theoretical and empirical research to evaluate the effects of such reforms on tax revenue, pollution emissions, economic efficiency, and income distribution. |
| JEL: | H21 H22 H23 Q50 Q58 |
| Date: | 2016–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:22303&r=env |
| By: | Okullo, Samuel (Tilburg University, Center For Economic Research); Reynes, F.; Hofkes, M. |
| Abstract: | The theory on the green paradox has focused primarily on the consumption of a clean substitute produced using a static technology. In reality, we observe the gradual accumulation of the clean substitute’s capacity, suggesting that supply decisions for the clean substitute and finite carbon resource should both be treated as dynamic. This paper shows that when climate policy is preannounced, and with simultaneous consumption of a finite carbon resource and a clean substitute, myopia in the supply of the latter leads to the green paradox. When clean substitute producers can accumulate capacity and are forward looking, the green paradox may or may not arise, however. In this setting, its occurrence depends on both the size of the discount rate and the remaining stock of carbon resource. These and other drivers of the green paradox are investigated in a multi-producer game-theoretic model calibrated to real-world global oil market data. The timing of mandating policy is shown to be the single most important variable for mitigating the green paradox. Moreover, for EU-2020 and US-2022 style biofuel mandating targets, a rather robust 0.3% decline in production is observed during the premandate phase, suggesting that concerns over the green paradox may be seriously overstated. |
| Keywords: | green paradox; climate change; peak oil; biofuel mandates; unconventional crude oil |
| JEL: | C61 C70 H25 H32 Q28 Q42 Q58 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiucen:2ef0304e-8645-42f7-9146-765488467b09&r=env |
| By: | Peter K. Kruse-Andersen (Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen) |
| Abstract: | A Schumpeterian growth model is developed to investigate how environmental policy affects economic growth when environmental policy also affects the direction of technical change. In contrast to previous models, production and pollution abatement technologies are embodied in separate intermediate good types. A set of stylized facts related to pollution emission, environmental policy, and pollution abatement expenditures is presented, and it is shown that the developed model is consistent with these stylized facts. It is shown analytically that a tightening of the environmental policy unambiguously directs research efforts toward pollution abatement technologies and away from production technologies. This directed technical change reduces economic growth and pollution emission growth. Simulation results indicate that even large environmental policy reforms have small economic growth effects. However, these economic growth effects have relatively large welfare effects which suggest that static models and exogenus growth models leave out an important welfare effect of environmental policy. |
| Keywords: | Directed technical change, endogenous growth, pollution, environmental policy, Schumpeterian growth model |
| JEL: | O30 O41 O44 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2016–06–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kud:kuiedp:1606&r=env |
| By: | Barakatou Atte-Oudeyi; Bruno Kestemont; Jean Luc De Meulemeester |
| Abstract: | In this article, we investigate the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions per capita due to road transport in order to test the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. We test an EKC model on a sample of six emerging countries (Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa so-called BRIICS) using yearly data from 2000 to 2010. Empirical results reveal an inverted U-shaped EKC curve relating CO2 emissions per capita due to road transport to the level of economic development (level of GDP percapita). In all models tested, the turning point exceeds the current GDP per capita of the richest country of the group, which means that it would happen virtually in a far future or after a strong growth episode. Results show that the turning point of this EKC for road transport depends on population density and the integration of government effectiveness into the BRIICS’s economic development policy. However, when Russia is omitted from the group, the EKC hypothesis does not hold anymore and CO2 emissions per capita are uniformly increasing with per capita GDP. The main policy implication from our results is that policy makers should not base their policy on the EKC hypothesis: increasing the per capita GDP level alone cannot reduce CO2 emissions per capita from road transport and without a significant change in policy, economic growth will exacerbate CO2 emissions. |
| Keywords: | BRIICS; Road Transport; Economic Growth; CO2 Emissions; Environmental Kuznets Curve; Panel Data; Pooled OLS Regression Model; Fixed- Effects and Random-Effects Regression Models |
| JEL: | Q53 Q56 Q58 R42 |
| Date: | 2016–06–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sol:wpaper:2013/230810&r=env |
| By: | dos Santos, M. C.; Aguiar, L. K.; Bansback, R. J.; Revell, B. J.; de Zen, S. |
| Abstract: | Brazil is an important player in the global beef market exporting throughout the world. The Brazilian livestock sector contributes to about 3% of the national GDP, and it has the potential for further increasing its beef exports; only about 1/5 of its beef production currently goes for export – at the same time domestic beef consumption has been rising. It has various competitive advantages compared to other major exporters but it has faced questions in recent years on the adverse impact of the beef industry has on the environment – particularly in relation to GHG emissions. Historically, the main challenge has come from criticism that the increased land needed for higher beef production levels has caused greater deforestation. However, this is no longer the case as Brazil is increasing its production by improvements in productivity rather than devoting more land to cattle farming. This paper shows the contribution that improvements in stocking rates, calving intervals and increasing of the age of slaughter are making to improvements in the productivity of beef production without causing such damaging GHG emission impacts. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc16:236325&r=env |
| By: | Halkos, George; Polemis, Michael |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the efficiency of the power generation sector in the USA by using Window Data Envelopment Analysis (W-DEA). We integrate radial and non-radial efficiency measurements in DEA using the hybrid measure while we extend the proposed model by considering inputs and good and bad outputs as separable and non separable. Then in the second stage analysis we perform various econometric techniques (parametric and non-parametric) in order to model the relationship between the calculated environmental efficiencies and economic growth in attaining sustainability. Our empirical findings indicate an N-shape relationship between environmental efficiency and regional economic growth in the case of global and total pollutants but an inverted N-shape in the case of assessing local pollutants and using the appropriate dynamic specification. This implies that attention is required when considering local and global pollutants and the extracted environmental efficiencies. |
| Keywords: | Energy; Efficiency; Sustainability; Window DEA; Electricity; EKC hypothesis; USA. |
| JEL: | C23 C67 O13 Q01 Q53 Q56 |
| Date: | 2016–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:72132&r=env |
| By: | Hill , Brian; Bradley , Richard; Helgeson, Casey |
| Abstract: | The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has developed a novel framework for assessing and communicating uncertainty in the findings published in their periodic assessment reports. But how should these uncertainty assessments inform decisions? We take a formal decision-making perspective to investigate how scientific input formulated in the IPCC's novel framework might inform decisions in a principled way through a normative decision model. |
| Keywords: | climate; change; confidence |
| Date: | 2016–01–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ebg:heccah:1131&r=env |
| By: | Olivia Serdeczny; Eleanor Waters; Sander Chan |
| Abstract: | The concept of non-economic loss and damage (NELD) groups the impacts of climate change that are hard to measure or quantify. This paper outlines the main characteristics of NELD and the specific challenges they pose to research and policy-making at the national and international level. |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:die:dpaper:03/16&r=env |
| By: | Xu, Yuan |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235803&r=env |
| By: | Matsuda, Hirotaka; Ogata, Yuka; Takagi, Akira; Kurokura, Hisashi |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235405&r=env |
| By: | Basurto, Saul |
| Abstract: | This paper examines two speci cations of the Ricardian Hedonic Model (RHM) in order to identify divergences between implicit values of land attributes. The main goal of this research is to compare these values obtained from ex-ante and ex-post indicators of land productivity. To the best of our knowledge, there is no similar work on the existing literature. Our argument is that these values di er due to the former depends upon farmers' expectations formed at the beginning of the crop year while actual prices and annual weather determine the later. We combine information on 2,524 farms in Mexico with climate normals, soil types, and a set of controls, using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. The main ndings indicate that these values globally di er. Moreover, most of the signi cant coecients are individually di erent across both equations. According to the rental price model, the annual implicit value of an extra degree Celsius is $130 Mexican pesos (2.03% of the average rental price) and $154 (2.38%) of an additional mm. of rainfall. However, exploring the results from the net revenues speci cation, an extra oC modi es the net revenue by $-518 (-8.89%) and $351 (6.03%) an additional mm. of rainfall. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, agriculture, Hedonic, Ricardian, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Q510, |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc16:236362&r=env |
| By: | Rolfe, John; Windle, Jill |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235588&r=env |
| By: | Daniel Rais |
| Abstract: | SECO Working Paper 7/2015 |
| Date: | 2015–12–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wti:papers:904&r=env |
| By: | Aithal, Sreeramana; Aithal, Shubhrajyotsna |
| Abstract: | The applications of nanotechnology in different identified areas provide lots of business opportunities. It includes Food, Medicine, Cleaner water, Better quality air, Electronics, Fuel Cells, Solar Cells, Batteries, Space Travels, Chemical sensors, Sporting goods, Fabrics, Cleaning products, Energy, Environment, Health, and Life span increase. The paper covers the applications, and benefits of nanotechnology innovations in different industries, possible business opportunities for new nanotechnology based products and services due to challenges for human prosperity on earth, and the global strategy on nanotechnology business with an expected time scale and future possibilities of nanotechnology innovations based on products and services in the field and the magic (like science fictions) going to happen in human life. In this paper, important nanotechnology features and their usage in industry, various products and services based on nanotechnology innovations and Business Strategy for them are identified. Applications & benefits of NT in Agriculture, Food packing & Clean water, in Renewable Energy & Storage, and in Medicine are discussed. Various Business Opportunities for New Nanotechnology based Products and Services, Developing a global strategy for Nanotechnology Business including PEST analysis model and ABCD analysing framework. Finally, some of the Future possibilities of nanotechnology innovations are mentioned and discussed. |
| Keywords: | Nanotechnology applications, Business based on Nanotechnology products & services, Global strategies to be used in Nanotechnology business. |
| JEL: | M1 M10 M2 |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:71766&r=env |
| By: | Smith, David |
| Abstract: | Due in part to concerns over energy security and the environmental impacts of fossil fuels, recent United States energy policy has included provisions to promote renewable energy. The Energy Policy Act includes provisions for advanced biofuels from cellulosic biomass. Perennial bioenergy crops such as perennial grasses and woody crops are an alternative source of feedstock for biofuel with lower environmental impacts than their annual counterparts. Previous work has shown that, when perennial grasses are financially competitive with a farmer’s current crops, a majority of farmers will produce perennial grasses but only on a small portion of their land. One potential explanation for this is the risk posed by growing a new crop and selling it into a new emerging market. Therefore this study uses the land allocation under risk framework developed by Just and Zilberman (1988) to estimate structural parameters. The structural system is estimated using full information maximum likelihood. Observation of the acreage choice is condi- tional on the risk-adjusted profits being positive making the estimation method analogous to Heckman’s simultaneous sample correction method. As a result of using a structural mixed-processes system the scale parameter of the discrete choice equation can be identi- fied. Results suggest that agricultural landowners perceive an order of magnitude higher risk to perennial bioenergy production than their current production system. These results are partly driven by the risk management options currently available for commodity crops such as crop insurance, futures markets, and risk reducing inputs. Agricultural landowners also perceive woody crops as risker and with higher adoption costs than perennial grasses. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Production Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty, Q12, Q15, Q16, |
| Date: | 2016–05–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea16:236343&r=env |
| By: | Utterback, Matthew |
| Keywords: | climate change, agriculture, learning, farmland values, Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q12, Q51, Q54, |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea16:236290&r=env |
| By: | Kim Do; Ariel Dinar |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to contribute to understanding the existing knowledge gaps in the linkages of energy, water, and land use in Southeast Asia and explores the political economy of energy transition in the Mekong region (MR). Investigating the struggle over hydropower development and decision-making on water and land across the region, this study shows that countries that are the winners or losers in the hydropower development schemes are not the only ones managing the Mekong; rather, it is part of the region-wide strategy of nations to sustain the MR.The analysis also explores the key issues involved in each nation, as the rush to acquire sources of alternative energy and other benefits to meet rapid growth demand has led to circumstances of risk within the MR. The relationship between MR cooperation programmes and China is a main concern, and the paper discusses the roles of issue linkages as a mechanism for achieving sustainable development. |
| Keywords: | Natural resources, Power resources, Water |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2016-062&r=env |
| By: | Gilles Lepesant |
| Abstract: | The European Union (EU) has set targets for gradually reducing greenhouse gas emissions through 2050. One of the instruments involved is the 2009 Renewable Energy Directive, which specifies a 20 per cent renewable energy target for the EU by 2020. This paper reviews tensions and institutional innovations that can arise at local and regional levels within the context of the implementation of this policy.Drawing on empirical evidence collected in two regions, one in a federal country (Brandenburg in Germany), one in a unitary state (Aquitaine in France), the paper describes the factors that determine community and market acceptance of renewable energies, suggesting that appropriate multi-level governance schemes are instrumental in the successful adoption and implementation of EU priorities at the local level. |
| Keywords: | Forests and forestry, Renewable energy sources, State governments |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2016-029&r=env |
| By: | Pavlova, N.S. (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Baulina, A.A. (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)); Shastitko, Andrey E. (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | The paper analyzes the issue of the integration of environmental factors in the assessment of agreements on co-operation between competitors in terms of the admissibility of the antimonopoly legislation. The existing institutional environment determines how the different characteristics of different types of environmental externalities affect the possibility of taking them into account, and, ultimately, on their role in deciding on the admissibility of the cooperation agreements. As a result, the positive externalities that have the properties of public goods can be provided into account only to a limited extent, which may lead to type I error when making the antimonopoly authority on the admissibility of horizontal agreements decisions. |
| Keywords: | environmental factors, assessment of agreements, antimonopoly legislation |
| Date: | 2016–05–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:452&r=env |
| By: | Nick Hanley (Department of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St. Andrews); Oleg Sheremet (Department of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St. Andrews); Martina Bozzola (International Trade Centre, Geneva); Alexander Kasterine (International Trade Centre, Geneva); Douglas C. MacMillan (DICE, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent) |
| Abstract: | The international demand for endangered animal and plant species as traditional medicine, luxury foods and curios is strong and rising, especially in eastern Asia. The illegal poaching of wildlife to supply this market represents an immediate and growing threat to the survival of many endangered species. To counter the illegal international wildlife trade, the global community remains committed to supply-side trade restrictions and enforcement of poaching laws. However, despite these actions recovery in the populations of many species is being threatened by rising poaching rates over the last 10 years. In this paper, we use a choice experiment undertaken with over 800 residents of Vietnam, in order to investigate how the demand for rhino horn varies according to its source attributes. The survey sample includes 130 respondents who reported having either purchased or used rhino horn medicinal products in the past 5 years and a further 345 who expressed some interest in purchasing rhino horn medicinal products in the future. In particular, we estimate willingness to pay for horn that differs according to source (farmed, semi-wild, farmed) harvesting method (lethal and non-lethal), rarity of the rhino species and price. We also compare preferences elicited in the context of illegal trade in rhino horn, compared to legalised trade, and how consumer preferences vary according to socio-economic variables such as income. We find that preferences are significantly influenced by source and harvesting method and income level, with non-lethal harvesting and wild sourced horn generally preferred especially by the richest consumers, who are also the consumers most likely to have previously bought horn products. Under a legal trade demand would fall for all horn types and consumer groups. |
| Keywords: | : choice experiment, willingness to pay, demand for endangered species, international trade, rhino horn products |
| JEL: | Q27 Q51 Q57 |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sss:wpaper:2016-10&r=env |
| By: | THIAGO FONSECA MORELLO RAMALHO DA SILVA; JOSE FERES |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2014:188&r=env |
| By: | Anna Matas (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona & Barcelona Institute of Economics (IEB)); José-Luis Raymond (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona); Andrés Domínguez (Universitat de Barcelona) |
| Abstract: | This paper estimates the role that technological change and car characteristics have played in the rate of fuel consumption of vehicles over time. Using data from the Spanish car market from 1988 to 2013, we estimate a reduced form equation that relates fuel consumption with a set of car characteristics. The results for the sales-weighted sample of vehicles show that energy efficiency would have improved by 32% and 40% for petrol and diesel cars respectively had car characteristics been held constant at 1988 values. However, the shift to bigger and more fuel-consuming cars reduced the gains from technological progress. Additionally, using the results of the fuel equation we show that, besides a natural growth rate of 1.1%, technological progress is affected by both the international price of oil and the adoption of mandatory emission standards. Moreover, according to our estimations, a 1% growth in GDP would modify car characteristics in such a way that fuel consumption would increase by around 0.23% for petrol cars and 0.35% for diesel cars. |
| Keywords: | fuel efficiency, technological change, car characteristics |
| JEL: | L62 Q50 R4 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ieb:wpaper:doc2016-15&r=env |
| By: | McInnes, Dougal; Betz, Regina; Jotzo, Frank; Kuch, Declan |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235252&r=env |
| By: | Star, Megan; Rolfe, John; Beutel, Terry; McCosker, Kev; Ellis, Robin; Coughlin, Tom |
| Abstract: | The decline in health of the Great Barrier Reef and the pressure on allocating funds efficiently has resulted in the catchments adjacent to the reef revising their Water Quality Improvement Plans. The Fitzroy basin and coastal catchments is 152,000km2 and geographically diverse, past work has identified the need to prioritise funds to achieve cost effective outcomes. For this paper we aim to present an alternative approach to effective prioritisation of sediment reductions. The approach integrates spatial information regarding the sediment source and process, levels of adoption, bare ground cover, and cost into a function to rank neighbourhood catchments. The results identify particular areas of the catchment and also demonstrate the complexity of the issue and the challenge the Fitzroy Basin Association faces when allocating funds. It does however demonstrate that there are effective opportunities in particular areas within the catchment, proving it to be a useful approach in understanding where in the catchment to focus efforts for different sediment reductions. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235624&r=env |
| By: | Mishili, Fulgence; Mallawaarachchi, Thilak; Valerian, Judith; Auricht, Christopher; Boffa, Jean-Marc; Dixon, John |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235383&r=env |
| By: | Armstrong, Claire W. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235239&r=env |
| By: | Hopfensitz, Astrid; Mantilla, Cesar; Miquel-Florensa, Josepa |
| Abstract: | We design and conduct a lab-in-the-field experiment to test the effect of a conditional contract on the sustainability of an open access fishery, where unit prices are conditional on aggregate catch. The contract provides collective incentives to decrease extraction but maintain the individual incentives of extraction maximization. We conduct the experiment with two communities of artisanal fishermen differing in their market and technological restrictions. We find that the conditional contract, compared to a fixed price scheme, increases efficiency, the duration of the resource and the total yield. The contract has a greater effect upon groups from the less restricted community. |
| Keywords: | artifactual field experiment, dynamic resource, artisanal fishery, stochastic production function |
| JEL: | C92 Q22 |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:iastwp:30488&r=env |
| By: | Johnston, Robert J.; Holland, Ben; Yao, Liuyang |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235342&r=env |
| By: | Daniel Rais |
| Abstract: | SECO Working Paper 5/2015 |
| Date: | 2015–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wti:papers:902&r=env |
| By: | Michael Davidson; Fredrich Kahrl; Valerie Karplus |
| Abstract: | We propose a general taxonomy of the political economy challenges to wind power development and integration, highlighting the implications in terms of actors, interests, and risks. Applying this framework to three functions in China.s electricity sector.planning and project approval, generator cost recovery, and balancing area coordination.we find evidence of challenges common across countries with significant wind investments, despite institutional and industry characteristics that are unique to China.We argue that resolving these political economy challenges is as important to facilitating the role of wind and other renewable energies in a low carbon energy transition as providing dedicated technical and policy support. China is no exception. |
| Keywords: | Renewable energy sources |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2016-032&r=env |
| By: | Roel Jongeneel; Nico Polman; G. Cornelis van Kooten |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we develop a theoretical model for identifying the appropriate welfare measures associated with the positive and negative externalities of agricultural production. Implications of methodological assumptions are discussed, and the model is then used to estimate the costs and benefits associated with the negative and positive externalities of the Dutch agricultural sector. Efforts are made to cross-validate cost estimates empirically, and we also estimate the value of the non-commodity outputs that Dutch farmers provide. The non-market costs and benefits attributable to farming are then set against the value-added of the agricultural sector as a whole. Total value-added benefits are estimated to be €10,604 million a year. The external annual costs are calculated to be €1,868 million, significantly greater than estimated external gross benefits of €263 million, but much less than value added. Using all available information, total average annual net benefits from agriculture in the Netherlands are estimated to be €8,736 million per year for the period 2005 to 2012. Nonetheless, net external costs are equivalent to €849 per ha of arable, horticultural and pasture land, and are high relative to estimates found for other countries. |
| Keywords: | environmental spillovers; applied welfare measurement; agricultural externalities; agricultural value added; non-agricultural commodities |
| JEL: | D61 Q15 Q18 Q51 Q57 R11 |
| Date: | 2016–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rep:wpaper:2016-04&r=env |
| By: | Erik Gawel; Sebastian Strunz; Paul Lehmann |
| Abstract: | This paper frames the transition towards clean energies as a sequential process of instrument choice and instrument change. First, regulators decide how to initiate the transition away from fossil energies. Here, support policies for renewable electricity are politically convenient because they face low resistance from fossil energies. interest groups. In the second stage, regulators need to adapt support policies for renewables to challenges arising along the transition pathway.We empirically substantiate our arguments by tracing the development of support policies in Germany. Against the backdrop of this analysis, we point towards small-step policies that could foster the transition process. |
| Keywords: | Environmental policy, Management, Renewable energy sources |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2016-006&r=env |
| By: | Gillespie, Patrick R.; Hynes, Stephen; O'Reilly, Paul |
| Abstract: | The Waterville fishery provides angling and other recreation amenities to the public at a nominal cost. However, the use-value which this site provides is not completely captured by market transactions. Benefits which must be consumed in situ make the Travel Cost Method (TCM) the most appropriate choice of revealed preference technique for estimating their value. Data for this analysis was sourced from an online survey, but many respondents were first approached on-site, and links to the survey questionnaire were also advertised on a local conservation website, so self-selection bias was expected. A negative binomial model with a correction for endogenous stratification was estimated, and it outperformed both the standard Negative Binomial and Poisson models. The resulting estimate of per trip consumer surplus was €300. Furthermore, there was a lack of any evidence to support the idea that the site’s benefits are inferior goods. In light of this, and of the high use-values associated with the site, the conclusion drawn from the analysis is that future development plans should prioritise the health of the local ecosystem before other quality improving measures. |
| Keywords: | coastal, fishery, benefit cost, consumer surplus, TCM, travel cost, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Q220, Q260, |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc16:236357&r=env |
| By: | Allan, Corey; Kerr, Suzi |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235235&r=env |
| By: | De Janvry,Alain F.; Ramirez Ritchie,Elizabeth Andrea; Sadoulet,Elisabeth Marie L. |
| Abstract: | Weather risk and incomplete insurance markets are significant contributors to poverty for rural households in developing countries. Weather index insurance has emerged as a possible tool for overcoming these challenges. This paper provides evidence on the impact of weather index insurance from a pioneering, large-scale insurance program in Mexico. The focus of this analysis is on the ex-post effects of insurance payments. A regression discontinuity design provides find evidence that payments from weather index insurance allow farmers to cultivate a larger land area in the season following a weather shock. Households in municipalities receiving payment also appear to have larger per capita expenditures and income in the subsequent year, although there is suggestive evidence that some of this increase is offset by a decrease in remittances. While the cost of insurance appears to be high relative to the payouts, the benefits exceed the costs for a substantial range of outcomes. |
| Keywords: | Debt Markets,Climate Change Economics,Insurance&Risk Mitigation,Labor Policies,Rural Poverty Reduction |
| Date: | 2016–06–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:7715&r=env |
| By: | Cacho, Oscar; Hester, Susie |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235259&r=env |
| By: | Tapsuwan, Sorada; Mathot, Claire; Walker, Iain |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Consumer/Household Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235634&r=env |
| By: | Jaffe, Adam B. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235337&r=env |
| By: | Rust, Steven; Star, Megan |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235596&r=env |
| By: | Galindo, Luis Miguel; Samaniego, Joseluis; Alatorre, José Eduardo; Reyes, Orlando; Ferrer, Jimy; Gómez, José Javier |
| Keywords: | CAMBIO CLIMATICO, RECURSOS HIDRICOS, RIESGO, TOMA DE DECISIONES, CLIMATE CHANGE, WATER RESOURCES, RISK, DECISION-MAKING |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col043:40193&r=env |
| By: | Scarborough, Helen |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235605&r=env |
| By: | Dale, Allan |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235267&r=env |
| By: | Lyubimov, I.L. (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA)) |
| Abstract: | Perception of natural wealth as a curse, leading to the emergence of a variety of economic issues, from civil war and to reduce tech sector or the destruction of the institutions of power, is very common among both economists and the general public. While many countries endowed with natural resources stocks actually faced with serious economic and institutional problems, one can hardly speak about the negative impact on economic development resources of both stable laws. To change the potential of natural resources as a cause of economic failure, then we will talk in detail about how the success stories related to mining, and stories about the failures of the ownership of natural resources. |
| Keywords: | natural wealth, natural resources, economic issues |
| Date: | 2016–04–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:2543&r=env |
| By: | Zull, Andrew; Bell, Mike; Cox, Howard; Gentry, Jayne; Klepper, Kaara; Dowling, Chris |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235817&r=env |
| By: | Dumbrell, Nikki; Kragt, Marit; Meier, Elizabeth; Thorburn, Peter; Biggs, Jody |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235272&r=env |
| By: | Monckton, David |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235409&r=env |
| By: | Widman, Marit (Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences); Elofsson, Katarina (Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences) |
| Abstract: | Livestock depredation by large carnivores entails economic damage to farmers in many parts of the world. The aim of this paper is to analyse and compare the costs of livestock depredation by carnivores across different carnivore species and regions. To this end, we estimate the government’s compensation cost function. This study uses Swedish data on the county level over the period of 2001 to 2013. Compensation costs due to depredation by three large carnivores are considered: the brown bear (Ursus arctos), the wolf (Canis lupus) and the lynx (Lynx lynx). The results indicate that the costs of compensation for depredation by wolves, lynx and brown bears are determined by the densities of predators and livestock, the amount of forest pasture and the stock of preventive measures. There are considerable differences in marginal costs between predator species and counties, which have implications for policy. |
| Keywords: | Wildlife compensation; Livestock depredation; Lynx; Wolf; Brown bear; Sheep. |
| JEL: | Q28 Q57 |
| Date: | 2016–04–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:slueko:2016_005&r=env |
| By: | Bateman, Laura; Yi, Dale; Cacho, Oscar; Stringer, Randy |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Land Economics/Use, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235244&r=env |
| By: | Kompas, Tom; Van Ha, Pham; Nguyen, Hoa |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235368&r=env |
| By: | Collins, Matthew; Curtis, John |
| Abstract: | The Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) operates the Better Energy Homes (BEH) grant scheme to incentivise residential energy efficient retrofits, an ongoing scheme which was implemented in 2009. This scheme provides a financial incentive for home owners to engage in energy efficient retrofits, provided the upgrades meet appropriate energy efficiency standards. This study analyses the BEH data, which is comprised of all applications from March 2009 to October 2015, in order to examine the extent to which applications are abandoned and the determinants thereof. We find that more complicated retrofits are more likely to be abandoned, with variation across certain retrofit measure combinations. We find lower probabilities of abandonment among certain obligated parties, who are energy retailers obliged by the State to reduce energy consumption in Ireland, while others possess greater likelihoods of abandonment, relative to private retrofits. We find that newer homes are less likely to abandon an application than older homes, as are applications made for apartments, relative to houses. Regional variations exist in abandonment, with rural households more likely to abandon than urban households. A seasonal trend in abandonment is also present, with higher likelihoods of abandonment among applications made during winter.ile-URL: http://www.esri.ie/pubs/WP532.pdf |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp533&r=env |
| By: | Yang, Xiaojun; Li, Jun |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235378&r=env |
| By: | Sauter, Philipp; Hermann, Daniel; Musshoff, Oliver |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235515&r=env |
| By: | Nordblom, Tom; Hutchings, Tim; Li, Guangdi; Hayes, Richard; Finlayson, John |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235421&r=env |
| By: | Zaragoza-Watkins, Matthew |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao16:236879&r=env |
| By: | Maria Nieswand; Stefan Seifert |
| Abstract: | Benchmarking methods are widely used in the regulation of firms in network industries working under heterogeneous exogenous environments. In this paper we compare three recently developed estimators, namely conditional DEA (Daraio and Simar, 2005, 2007b), latent class SFA (Orea and Kumbhakar, 2004; Greene, 2005), and the StoNEZD approach (Johnson and Kuosmanen, 2011) by means of Monte Carlo simulation focusing on their ability to identify production frontiers in the presence of environmental factors. Data generation replicates regulatory data from the energy sector in terms of sample size, sample dispersion and distribution, and correlations of variables. Although results show strengths of each of the three estimators in particular settings, latent class SFA perform best in nearly all simulations. Further, results indicate that the accuracy of the estimators is less sensitive against different distributions of environmental factors, their correlations with inputs, and their impact on the production process, but performance of all approaches deteriorates with increasing noise. For regulators this study provides orientation to adopt new benchmarking methods given industry characteristics. |
| Keywords: | Monte Carlo Simulation, Environmental Factors, StoNEZD, Latent Class SFA, Conditional DEA, Regulatory Benchmarking |
| JEL: | L50 Q50 C63 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp1585&r=env |