|
on Environmental Economics |
|
Issue of 2015‒05‒16
sixty-six papers chosen by Francisco S. Ramos Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
| By: | Gramig, Benjamin M.; Widmar, Nicole J.O. |
| Abstract: | One common element in many voluntary and regulatory carbon markets to date has been the inclusion of emissions offsets that can be sold by entities outside of emission caps. A particularly low cost means of sequestering atmospheric carbon is reducing tillage of agricultural soils. A choice experiment is conducted with corn and soybean farmers in Indiana, USA to measure farmers' willingness to change tillage practices to supply carbon offsets by estimating their willingness to accept (WTA) payment related to different attributes of active and proposed carbon markets. This research is unique in its focus on the supply side of the market for environmental services, and contributes to the nascent literature on the valuation of the ‘means’ of achieving an improvement in environmental quality, rather than the environmental ‘end’ result of a proposed policy or market. Understanding farmers' preferences and willingness to adjust practices is vital to designing schemes that farmers will participate in so that global carbon abatement efforts can be achieved in the most cost-effective ways possible. We investigate attribute non-attendance (ANA) in our sample, estimate and compare WTA amongst adopters and non-adopters of no-till, and compare WTA with current carbon prices to evaluate the prospects for increased adoption. |
| Keywords: | offsets, tillage, choice experiment, attribute non-attendance, climate change, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Q12, Q24, Q51, Q54, |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc15:204203&r=env |
| By: | Allan, Corey; Kerr, Suzi; Will, Campbell |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare15:202514&r=env |
| By: | Richard S. J. Tol (Department of Economics, University of Sussex, UK; Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Spatial Economics, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; CESifo, Munich, Germany) |
| Abstract: | Climate change will probably have a limited impact on the economy and human welfare in the 21st century. The initial impacts of climate change may well be positive. In the long run, the negative impacts dominate the positive ones. Negative impacts will be substantially greater in poorer, hotter, and lower-lying countries. Poverty reduction complements greenhouse gas emissions reduction as a means to reduce climate change impacts. Climate change may affect the growth rate of the economy and may trap more people in poverty but quantification is difficult. The optimal carbon tax in the near term is somewhere between a few tens and a few hundreds of dollars per tonne of carbon. |
| Keywords: | Impacts of climate change, economic development, social cost of carbon |
| JEL: | Q54 |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sus:susewp:7515&r=env |
| By: | Wreford, Anita; Moran, Dominic |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare15:202589&r=env |
| By: | Nwaiwu, I.O.U.; Asiabaka, C.C.; Ohajianya, D.O. |
| Abstract: | The study was carried out in southeast Nigeria. It focused on green economic path and the severe implications of the alternative development pathways as typified by the devastating effects of climate change on agricultural productivity. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a sample of 312 cassava based food crop farmers. Data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaire. Total factor productivity was used as an index of agricultural productivity. The effects of climate change on productivity were determined using ordinary least square regression method. Results showed that the mean age, household size, annual household income and farm size of farmers in the study area were 51 years, 8 persons per home, ₦391,530.64 and 0.84 hectares respectively. It was also found that factors such as excessive heat (Eh), frequency of dry spell (Ds) and frequency or incidence of flooding and erosion (Fd) negatively affected agricultural productivity while volume of rainfall positively affected productivity. The study concluded that extreme poverty is a threat to the quest for green economy and safe environment. Hence the need for a synergy among nations towards poverty reduction, cleaner and more sustainable development strategies and enlightenment campaign on the need for low carbon technologies. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Productivity, Climate, Green economy, Poverty, and Carbon, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development, Q13, O1. O2, O3, 04, |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc15:204226&r=env |
| By: | Duc, Nguyen Minh; Ancev, Tihomir; Randall, Alan |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development, |
| Date: | 2015–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare15:202562&r=env |
| By: | Cho, Wonjoo; Blandford, David |
| Abstract: | Bilateral information asymmetry and irreversible practice adoption through agri-environmental policy: an application to peat land retirement in Norway |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Q15, Q38, Q54, D82, |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc15:204212&r=env |
| By: | Bui, Quang Minh; Cacho, Oscar; Villano, Rene; Hadley, David |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development, |
| Date: | 2015–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare15:202520&r=env |
| By: | Stergios Tampekis (Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly); Fani Samara (Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly); Stavros Sakellariou (Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly); Olga Christopoulou (Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly) |
| Abstract: | Small islands due to their small size face environmental risks, because of the pressures arising from the projects and actions aiming at economic development. Forests constitute vulnerable ecosystems that change at great speed. In most of the occasions the change is downgrading. The right management of the natural resources is the unique solution for the achievement of sustainable development. However, sustainable management of forests must be achieved with the respect and protection of nature and landscape. Sustainable management of forest resources can only be achieved through a well-organized road network, designed with the optimal spatial variability and the minimum environmental impacts. In this paper, we focus on the intensity criteria evaluation and more specifically on the forest road density, the road spacing and the forest opening-up percentage evaluation. From the road density and the forest protection percentage evaluation, we can deduce that in the study area there have been opened a lot of forest roads. Nevertheless, with the integration of the intensity and the absorption multi-criteria evaluation we can deduce whether the existing forest roads in the study area have been designed with the optimal spatial planning. Consequently, with the application of the optimal spatial planning technique we will ensure the best protection and at the same time the sustainable exploitation of the forest resources. Additionally, it will be valued if there are any impacts to the natural environment and if some of the forest roads had been constructed legally or not according to the guidelines. |
| Keywords: | forest roads’ network, spatial planning, environmental impact, road density, forest opening-up, gis |
| JEL: | Q01 Q23 Q56 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:1003749&r=env |
| By: | Muthukuda Niriella (Faculty of Law , Unversity of Colombo) |
| Abstract: | Climate change is a worldwide environmental issue that Sri Lanka is vulnerable to the increasing of its ill effects. Among the other impacts of climate change, Sri Lanka is highly susceptible to the following environmental problems: Increase the in the frequency and intensity of disasters such as droughts, floods and landslides, increase in temperature, rise the sea level, increase the unpredictability of rainfall patters and sudden whether changes. Since these vulnerabilities cut across many sectors in the economy and threaten to the speedy ongoing poverty reducing process at present while putting the country’s developing process at risk, Sri Lanka needs to address climate change adaptation to ensure that its development process can continue without any disruption due to the ill effects of climate change. Also protecting our people and helping them cope with these changing environmental conditions must be one of our priorities. This should be done with international and regional cooperation. Though Sri Lanka has enacted many environmental legislations which directly an indirectly address the issue of climate change and introduced an adaptation policy and national strategy in this regard, the vulnerability of Sri Lanka to the ill effects of climate change is increased considerably day by day. Therefore, it is important to look at the merits and demerits of the contemporary national regulatory framework including laws, policies and strategies in order to address the climate change issue successfully and also should see the capacity and status of Sri Lanka in negotiating at international level with regard to the issue. This study analyses the reasons for climate change in Sri Lankan aspect, the main environmental problems in Sri Lanka faces as a result of climate change issue. It also discusses the international/regional (law) interventions in this regard including the country’s engagement with climate change internationally and regionally with special reference to the critical analysis the role of Sri Lanka in international negotiations. Then it vigorously reviews the national framework and policy adopted in addressing the issue. Relevant information from books, journal articles and websites are referred as secondary source and information and statistics gathered by relevant authorities are used as primary sources to complete this research. The international treaties, regional conventions particular reference to SAARC region, domestic statues and judicial dicta in courts are used to support the arguments opinions, and suggestions made by the author in this study. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, international instruments, regional standards, development, vulnerability, adaptation, Sri Lanka |
| JEL: | K32 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:1003178&r=env |
| By: | Bell, M.J. |
| Abstract: | The aim of this study was to compare the effect of changing a range of biological traits on farm profit and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG; expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent, CO2-eq.) for dairy cows in Northern Ireland, and also in the whole of the UK. An average cow was modelled for each population of animals, using average values from milk recording records. Previous work developed a dynamic model, to include nutrient partitioning to allow investigation of GHG abatement options over an animal’s lifetime. A Markov chain approach was used to describe the steady-state herd structure, as well as estimate the CO2-eq. emissions per cow and per kilogram of milk solids (MS). The effects of a single phenotypic and genetic standard deviation change in a range of production and fitness traits were assessed. For each dairy cow population, the study will identify traits that will improve production efficiency by bringing about a desirable increase in profit, and reduce average CO2-eq. emissions per cow and per kg MS of herds. Selective breeding and appropriate management can both potentially improve health, fertility and feed utilisation of dairy systems and reduce its environmental impact. |
| Keywords: | dairy cow, biological variation, greenhouse gas emissions, profit., Environmental Economics and Policy, Livestock Production/Industries, Q1, |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc15:204238&r=env |
| By: | Pannell, David J. |
| Abstract: | Environmental agencies and utilities wishing to support environmental projects face the challenge of deciding which of the many possible projects they should support with their limited resources. Projects vary greatly in their benefits and costs, so selecting the best projects can make a major difference to the level of benefits that can be generated for a given budget. Key principles for ranking projects are presented and explained. Suitable formulas to use as a metrics for ranking projects are developed and explained. The formulas account for valuation of benefits, the effectiveness of management, time lags, behaviour change, various risks and various costs. The formulas are designed to strike a balance between theoretical rigour and reasonable simplifications. A number of common mistakes to avoid are outlined. Sample templates for project proposals and spreadsheets for ranking projects are provided, to make it easy to put the principles into practice. |
| Keywords: | conservation, environment, investment, economics, project prioritisation, uncertainty, behaviour change, risk, valuation, technical feasibility, Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, D82, Q20, Q28, |
| Date: | 2015–04–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uwauwp:204305&r=env |
| By: | Dorothée Boccanfuso (Département d'Économique, Université de Sherbrooke); Luc Savard (Département d'Économique, Université de Sherbrooke); Jonathan Goyette (Département d'Économique, Université de Sherbrooke); Véronique Gosselin (GREDI, Université de Sherbrooke); Clovis Tanekou Mangoua (GREDI, Université de Sherbrooke) |
| Abstract: | Quebec’s forests represent 20% of the Canadian forest and 2% of world forests. They play a major role for habitat preservation, supplying goods and services to the population. Climate change will have an impact on the forest through inter alia increased droughts, forest fires, warmer weather and infestations. In this paper, we analyze the economic impact of CC on the forest industry in Quebec. We perform an economic impact analysis over a 40 year time span with a recursive dynamic CGE model. We find that the climate change effects will be relatively weak on macroeconomic variables as the agents adjust over time and factors move to other sectors but the sectoral effects on the forest industry are relatively important. Length: 40 pages |
| Keywords: | Dynamic computable general equilibrium model, forestry, climate change, Quebec. |
| JEL: | C68 D58 O13 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:shr:wpaper:15-05&r=env |
| By: | Peschel, Anne O.; Grebitus, Carola; Steiner, Bodo; Veeman, Michele |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa143:202727&r=env |
| By: | Sauter, Philipp; Mußhoff, Oliver |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare15:202579&r=env |
| By: | Revell, Brian J. |
| Abstract: | This paper considers a range of issues relating to the contribution of meat consumption and livestock production to global warming given the need highlighted by the Committee on Climate Change (CCC) to reduce global GHG emissions by over 50% by 2050. The IPCC Climate Change 2014 report recognised that demand oriented measures may also contribute to GHG mitigation. The paper reviews a number of studies which examine demand-led mitigation potentials, concluding that such estimates ignore the market effects of changes in meat consumption habits or demand oriented policies. A simple partial equilibrium model of the beef, poultry, pig and ovine meats is developed for the major regions of the world to explore the impact of a range of scenarios which may reduce meat consumption and GHG emissions. These include emissions taxation, long term trend in reduction of red meat consumption in developed economy regions, and supply side improvements in livestock emissions intensities. The paper discusses problems associated with many published demand elasticities suitable for incorporation into a market model, problems of selection from a widely varying published estimates and their appropriateness for longer run projections. The dearth of published supply elasticity estimates is also highlighted. The modelling concludes that economic and population growth to 2050 without any mitigation measures will lead to a 21% increase in meat consumption and a 63% increase in GHG emissions by 2050. However, the mitigation projections from the scenarios explored only generate a 14% reduction in cumulative emissions from the baseline 2050 projections, insufficient to met the CCC target. |
| Keywords: | meat demand, climate change, emissions intensities, elasticities, taxation, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing, |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc15:204205&r=env |
| By: | Bell, Brian; McDonald, Garry |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Livestock Production/Industries, |
| Date: | 2015–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare15:202518&r=env |
| By: | Bell, Brian; McDonald, Garry |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Livestock Production/Industries, |
| Date: | 2015–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare15:202517&r=env |
| By: | Christina Hood; Gregory Briner |
| Abstract: | A key element in the success of limiting mean global surface temperature rise to below 2°C will be transformation of the energy sector globally. In addition to implementing already-available options for more efficient use of energy and low-emissions energy supply, action is needed now to put in place the conditions for longer-term structural change to low-emissions energy systems. This transformational change will involve linkages between actions, institutions, and processes, both inside and outside the UNFCCC framework. This paper explores how the 2015 climate agreement, along with the nationally-determined contributions that Parties make under it, could drive energy sector transformation in addition to tracking greenhouse gas outcomes.<P>La transformation du secteur de l'énergie : enjeux et options à débattre lors des négociations de la CCNUCC<BR>Un facteur essentiel pour parvenir à limiter l’augmentation de la température moyenne à la surface du globe à 2°C sera la transformation du secteur de l’énergie dans le monde entier. En plus de mettre en oeuvre des solutions déjà disponibles permettant d’utiliser plus efficacement l’énergie et d’obtenir des approvisionnements énergétiques à faibles émissions, il faut agir dès aujourd’hui afin de créer les conditions propices à la mutation structurelle qui aboutira, à plus long terme, à la mise en place de systèmes énergétiques à faibles émissions. Les transformations nécessaires mettront en relation des actions, des institutions et des processus, à la fois dans le cadre de la CCNUCC et hors de ce cadre. Ce rapport analyse comment l’accord de 2015 sur le climat, ainsi que les contributions déterminées au niveau national que les Parties apporteront à ce titre, pourraient non seulement permettre de suivre les résultats obtenus concernant les gaz à effet de serre, mais aussi être les moteurs de la transformation du secteur de l’énergie. |
| Keywords: | mitigation, climate finance, UNFCCC, climate change, greenhouse gas, adaptation, adaptation, atténuation, finance climat, gaz à effet de serre, changement climatique, CCNUCC |
| JEL: | F53 O31 Q42 Q48 Q54 |
| Date: | 2014–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaab:2014/5-en&r=env |
| By: | Rösemann, Claus; Haenel, Hans-Dieter; Dämmgen, Ulrich; Freibauer, Annette; Wulf, Sebastian; Eurich-Menden, Brigitte; Döhler, Helmut; Schreiner, Carsten; Bauer, Beate; Osterburg, Bernhard |
| Abstract: | The report at hand (including a comprehensive annex of data) serves as additional document to the National Inventory Report (NIR) on the German green house gas emissions and the Informative Inventory Report (IIR) on the German emissions of air pollutants (especially ammonia). The report documents the calculation methods used in the German agricultural inventory model GAS-EM as well as input data, emission results and uncertainties of the emission reporting submission 2015 for the years 1990 - 2013. In this context the sector Agriculture comprises the emissions from animal husbandry, the use of agricultural soils and anaerobic digestion of energy plants. As required by the guidelines, emissions from activities preceding agriculture, from the use of energy and from land use change are reported elsewhere in the national inventories. The calculation methods are based in principle on international guidelines for emission reporting and have been continuingly improved during the past years. In particular, these improvements concern the calculation of energy requirements, feeding and the N balance of the most important animal categories. In addition, technical measures such as air scrubbing (mitigation of ammonia emissions) and digestion of animal manures (mitigation of emissions of methane and loughing gas) have been taken into account. Total emissions of methane (CH4) and laughing gas (N2O) from German agriculture (including the anaerobic digestion of energy plants) decreased from about 77.9 Tg CO2-eq in 1990 to about 64.2 Tg CO2-eq in 2013 (- 17.5 %). [...] |
| Abstract: | Der vorliegende Berichtsband einschließlich des umfangreichen Datenanhangs dient als Begleitdokument zum National Inventory Report (NIR) über die deutschen Treibhausgas-Emissionen und zum Informative Inventory Report (IIR), über die deutschen Schadstoffemissionen (insbesondere Ammoniak). Er dokumentiert die im deutschen landwirtschaftlichem Inventarmodell GASEM integrierten Berechnungsverfahren sowie die Eingangsdaten, Emissionsergebnisse und Unsicherheiten der Berichterstattung 2015 für die Jahre 1990 bis 2013. Der Bereich Landwirtschaft umfasst dabei die Emissionen aus der Tierhaltung und der Nutzung landwirtschaftlicher Böden sowie aus der Vergärung von Energiepflanzen. Emissionen aus dem Vorleistungsbereich, aus der Nutzung von Energie sowie Landnutzungsänderungen werden den Regelwerken entsprechend an anderer Stelle in den nationalen Inventaren berichtet. Die Berechnungsverfahren beruhen in erster Linie auf internationalen Regelwerken zur Emissionsberichterstattung und wurden in den vergangenen Jahren beständig weiterentwickelt. Letzteres betrifft im Wesentlichen die Berechnung des Energiebedarfs, der Fütterung und der tierischen N-Bilanz bei den wichtigen Tierkategorien. Zusätzlich wurden technische Maßnahmen wie Abluftreinigung (Minderung von Ammoniakemissionen) und die Vergärung von Wirtschaftsdünger (Minderung von Methan- und Lachgasemissionen) berücksichtigt. Die Gesamtemissionen von Methan (CH4) und Lachgas (N2O) aus der deutschen Landwirtschaft (einschließlich der Vergärung von Energiepflanzen) sanken von rund 77,9 Tg CO2-eq im Jahr 1990 auf rund 64,2 Tg CO2-eq im Jahr 2013 (-17,5 %). [...] |
| Keywords: | emission inventory,agriculture,animal husbandry,agricultural soils,anaerobic digestion,energy plants,renewable primary products,greenhouse gases,air pollutants,methane,loughing gas,ammonia,particulate matter,Emissionsinventar,Landwirtschaft,Tierhaltung,landwirtschaftliche Boden,anaerobe Vergarung,Energiepflanzen,nachwachsende Rohstoffe,Treibhausgase,Luftschadstoffe,Methan,Lachgas,Ammoniak,luftgetragene Partikel |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtire:27&r=env |
| By: | Tracy Snoddon (Wilfrid Laurier University) |
| Abstract: | The global nature of the climate change externality calls for a global response but so far none has emerged. Instead, climate policies are being implemented by subnational and national governments, resulting in a fragmented policy landscape at the national level. This is certainly the case in Canada. While this outcome is not particularly surprising, from an economics perspective, it is arguably more costly, less efficient, and less effective at achieving emissions reductions than a more harmonized approach. Is this outcome the unavoidable price of Canadian federalism? Is a more harmonized carbon tax approach feasible? This paper considers Canada’s experience with three major taxes, jointly occupied by federal and provincial governments. Despite its highly decentralized structure, Canada has a history of tax harmonization and coordination arrangements for these taxes. By examining the evolution of these arrangements, the paper offers insights on the prospects of adopting a more harmonized carbon tax approach to address climate change. |
| Keywords: | carbon taxes, tax coordination and harmonization, Canada |
| JEL: | H23 H77 Q58 |
| Date: | 2015–05–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wlu:lcerpa:0091&r=env |
| By: | Blandford, David; Gaasland, Ivar; Hassapoyannes, Katharina; Vardal, Erling |
| Abstract: | Agriculture makes a significant contribution to Norway’s emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). Although agriculture accounts for only 0.3 per cent of GDP, it accounts for roughly 8 per cent of total GHG emissions. Norwegian agriculture is dominated by livestock production; ruminants (cattle and sheep) are particularly important. There are opportunities for GHG mitigation under existing technology through changes in agricultural practices. We derive an abatement cost curve for Norway in terms of the change in economic welfare. We require Norway to be self-sufficient in agricultural products; i.e. that domestic production of calories shall be kept at the current level. We use a detailed economic model to assess the impact and welfare implication of a reduction in GHG emissions. We find that a large part of the abatement cost curve is negative due to distortions created by domestic support policies. The practical consequence is that emissions reduction requires that production of grain-based products be increased at the expense of ruminant-based products. |
| Keywords: | greenhouse gas mitigation, economic model, abatement costs, Environmental Economics and Policy, Health Economics and Policy, C61, Q18, Q54, |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc15:204211&r=env |
| By: | Guenther, Meike; Saunders, Caroline; Tait, Peter |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2015–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare15:202524&r=env |
| By: | Butler, Leslie J.; MacEwan, Duncan |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, |
| Date: | 2015–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare15:202985&r=env |
| By: | Kiyama, Shoichi; Akira, Kobayashi |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa143:202724&r=env |
| By: | Reisinger, Andy |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare15:202575&r=env |
| By: | Asuka Oura (Graduate School of Economics, Osaka University); Yasukatsu Moridera (Graduate School of Economics, Osaka University); Koichi Futagami (Graduate School of Economics, Osaka University) |
| Abstract: | The accumulation of pollution negatively impacts human health. Extreme increases in pollution, in particular, may have lethal implications for human beings|and, indeed, all living organisms. This paper thus devises a new model of economic growth that takes into account these lethal effects of accumulated pollution via a pollution threshold to show two key results. First, if an abatement technology is relatively inefficient, there exists a stationary steady state in which consumption and pollution stop growing. Second, if the abatement technology is sufficiently efficient, there exists a path along which pollution decreases at an accelerating rate until finally reaching zero. In this case, consumption grows at a constant rate. |
| Keywords: | Endogenous growth, Pollution disutility, Pollution abatement |
| JEL: | O44 Q52 |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osk:wpaper:1506&r=env |
| By: | Gregory Briner; Susanne Konrad |
| Abstract: | Land management faces a series of daunting challenges in the 21st century. These include contributing to the global mitigation effort and adaptation needed to prevent dangerous climate change, while providing enough food for a population of 9 billion by 2050 as well as shelter and livelihoods for rural populations and various ecosystem services. The existing mitigation reporting and accounting arrangements for the land sector are complex, not applicable to all Parties, and provide limited scope for pursuing more costeffective accounting approaches that would enable developing countries to address conflicting policy objectives such as addressing climate change while increasing agricultural output. This paper has two aims. The first is to lay out possible elements of a long-term vision for the post-2020 reporting and accounting framework for emissions and removals from the land sector, building on existing experience with reporting and accounting as well as previous studies. The second is to identify possible steps that could be taken at COP 20 in 2014, COP 21 in 2015, and in 2016-2020 to put Parties on a pathway towards realising this vision.<P>Jeter les bases d'un cadre de déclaration et de comptabilisation post-2020 dans le secteur foncier<BR>La gestion des terres est confrontée à une série de défis redoutables au XXIe siècle. Elle doit en effet contribuer à l’effort mondial d’atténuation et d’adaptation nécessaire pour prévenir une évolution dangereuse du climat, tout en assurant une production alimentaire suffisante pour nourrir 9 milliards de personnes en 2050, et en fournissant un habitat et des moyens de subsistance aux populations rurales ainsi que divers services écosystémiques. Les dispositifs existants de déclaration et de comptabilisation des mesures d’atténuation dans le secteur foncier sont complexes, ne sont pas applicables à toutes les Parties et n’offrent guère de possibilités de mettre en oeuvre des méthodes comptables plus efficaces et économes, qui permettraient aux pays en développement de concilier des objectifs contradictoires consistant, par exemple, à faire face au changement climatique tout en augmentant leur production agricole. Ce document a deux objectifs. Le premier consiste à énoncer les éléments possibles d’une vision à long terme du cadre de déclaration et de comptabilisation des émissions et des absorptions du secteur foncier, en s’appuyant sur l’expérience acquise en matière de déclaration et de comptabilisation ainsi que sur des études antérieures. Le second est de définir les mesures qui pourraient être prises à la COP 20 en 2014, à la COP 21 en 2015 et en 2016-2020 afin d’indiquer aux Parties la voie à suivre pour concrétiser cette vision. |
| Keywords: | UNFCCC, land-use change, forestry, land use, climate change, changement climatique, changement d’affectation des terres, comptabilité en matière d’atténuation, utilisation des terres, forêts, CCNUCC |
| JEL: | F53 O44 Q24 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2014–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaab:2014/6-en&r=env |
| By: | SYLVESTER ADEJO OGBA (KOGI STATE UNIVERSITY,); ELIJAH OJOCHONU OKPANACHI (KOGI STATE UNIVERSITY) |
| Abstract: | The concept of sustainable development can be interpreted in different ways, but at its core is an approach to development that looks to balance different and often competing needs against an awareness of environmental, social and economic limitations in the society. Most often than not, development is driven by one particular need without fully considering the wider or future impacts. The effects of the damages this type of approach can cause should be the concern of all. When the World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) presented their report titled “our common future”, they sought to address the problems of conflicts between environment and development goals by formulating a concise approach to the understanding of the concept. The Postulation is that, both development and the environment, hitherto addressed as separate issues, could be managed in a mutually beneficial way. One implication of not doing so is environmental degradation resulting in climate change. However, the focus of sustainable development is more encompassing than just the environment; it is also about ensuring the strong, healthy and just society. This invariably involves meeting the diverse needs of all people in existing and future communities since we cannot afford to exploit our environment in such a way that would endanger our common future. The contemporary Nigerian society has not shown much effort in this regard. The period between 1989 when the Nigerian policy on sustainable development was formulated and today, has marked a period of intensive political, administrative and to a lesser extent, judicial actions against man’s activities that are delirious to the environment. The ambition of the federal government of Nigeria towards sustainable development after the Koko incidence of 1999 has been great, but her achievement remarkably small. The reason is simply and squarely due to lack of implementation of policies. This paper is basically an assessment of the challenges of sustainable development in Nigeria; the author warns that humans are transforming the planet in ways that could undermine any developmental gains. Hence, he suggests among other things that global principles of sustainable development drawn from the existing United Nations agreements be combined with some recommended proposals to achieve new sustainable developmental goals for Nigeria and other developing nations. The paper employs the philosophical tools of critical analysis and rational justification. It is also prescriptive in the sense that it recommends ways to achieve sustainable development. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Development, Environment, Philosophy, Nigeria. |
| JEL: | A13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:1004054&r=env |
| By: | Jimin Kim (Yonsei University); Taehoon Hong (Yonsei University); Kwangbok Jeong (Yonsei university); Choongwan Koo (Yonsei university) |
| Abstract: | Climate change has become one of the most significant environmental issues, and each country makes an effort to reduce energy consumption in the building level. New renewable energy system (NREs) and energy saving measures (ESMs) are the solution for reducing energy consumption. Therefore, in this study, to understand the energy demand of the unit city, the feasibility analysis of NREs and ESMs, was conducted as the following three steps: (i) collecting database of Seoul, by type of energy used, and the type of facilities; (ii) the analysis on the implementation requirements of NREs and ESMs; and (iii) feasibility study for application of NREs and ESMs using a geographic information system. The differentiation with previous studies, it can be fed back to the plan of the urban energy system including community energy service, distributed generation and unused energy in the city. |
| Keywords: | new renewable energy system, energy saving measures, energy source map |
| JEL: | Q56 Q21 Q41 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:1003801&r=env |
| By: | Christian Dienes (Schumpeter School of Business and Economics, University of Wuppertal, Germany) |
| Abstract: | This paper empirically studies the relationship between different compliance strategies concerning environmental legislation and intentions of entrepreneurs to increase their firms’ material and energy efficiency in the next two years. Moreover, I examine the relationship between such intentions and the extent to which entrepreneurs are satisfied with past investments in resource efficiency improvements. Using data covering small and medium-sized enterprises from 36 countries from 2013, this study also explores the institutional framework regarding the stringency and enforcement of national environmental regulations. The results based on the total sample indicate that entrepreneurs who are more satisfied with past resource efficiency investments and who follow a strategy which goes beyond compliance are more likely to intend material and energy efficiency improvements in the future. The results further suggest that entrepreneurs translate their pro-environmental attitudes into intentions to reduce their demand for energy but not their demand for materials. Furthermore, the results based on subgroup analyses also point to decreasing marginal productivities of resource efficiency investments. |
| Keywords: | energy and material efficiency improvements, return on investment, compliance strategy, environmental regulation |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bwu:schdps:sdp15004&r=env |
| By: | Venn, Tyron J.; Quiggin, John |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Financial Economics, International Development, |
| Date: | 2015–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare15:202584&r=env |
| By: | Phillips, Yvonne; Marsh, Dan |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, |
| Date: | 2015–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare15:202571&r=env |
| By: | Caillavet, F.; Fadhuile, A.; Nichèle, V. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Financial Economics, |
| Date: | 2015–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa143:202738&r=env |
| By: | Gregory Briner; Takayoshi Kato; Takashi Hattori |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to explore what a flexible and durable 2015 climate change agreement could look like and propose pragmatic options for the design of such an agreement. A durable 2015 climate change agreement would continue to be ambitious, fair and effective in 2020 and beyond. An agreement that is designed to be durable could also help to encourage widespread participation by governments, as well as improve the credibility of the agreement for investors. To achieve these objectives, a degree of flexibility could be included in the mitigation and other provisions of the 2015 agreement. If so, a balance may need to be struck between (i) providing enough flexibility for countries to feel comfortable participating in the agreement, (ii) providing predictability regarding the provisions of the agreement and the actions that governments intend to take, and (iii) the collective level of ambition of the agreement. Success will be needed on all fronts if the agreement is to be durable. Building some flexibility into the design of the 2015 agreement could make it more durable in the face of new scientific discoveries, external changes and shocks, as well as evolving country circumstances. The focus of this paper is on the mitigation part of the 2015 agreement. The paper outlines possible processes for consultations and updating of mitigation contributions. It also discusses the possible structure of the 2015 agreement and the implications of different mitigation contribution types for the flexibility and durability of the agreement.<P>Construit pour durer : concevoir un accord climatique de 2015 souple et pérenne<BR>Ce rapport a pour objet d’envisager à quoi pourrait ressembler un accord souple et pérenne sur le changement climatique à conclure en 2015 et propose des options pragmatiques pour le concevoir. Un accord climatique pérenne signé en 2015 devrait demeurer ambitieux, juste et efficace en 2020 et au-delà. Conçu pour durer, il pourrait aussi encourager une large participation des gouvernements et bénéficier d’une plus grande crédibilité aux yeux des investisseurs. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, les dispositions de l’accord de 2015 visant l’atténuation et d’autres aspects pourraient ménager une certaine marge de manoeuvre, auquel cas il faudrait trouver un équilibre entre : (i) une flexibilité suffisante pour que les pays participant à l’accord se sentent à l’aise, (ii) la prévisibilité des dispositions de l’accord et des actions prévues par les gouvernements, et (iii) le degré d’ambition collective de l’accord. C’est sur tous les fronts qu’il importe d’obtenir de bons résultats pour assurer la pérennité de l’accord. Prévoir une certaine souplesse dans l’accord de 2015 dès sa conception permettrait de prolonger sa validité même si de nouvelles découvertes scientifiques, des changements et des chocs extérieurs ou l’évolution des situations nationales modifient la donne. Ce rapport est axé sur le volet atténuation de l’accord de 2015. Il décrit les processus de consultation et de mise à jour des contributions à l’atténuation qui pourraient y être inscrits. Il examine en outre la structure possible de l’accord de 2015 et les conséquences des différents types de contributions en matière d’atténuation pour sa flexibilité et sa pérennité. |
| Keywords: | mitigation, UNFCCC, 2015 agreement, greenhouse gas, climate change, changement climatique, gaz à effet de serre, atténuation, accord de 2015, CCNUCC |
| JEL: | F53 O44 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2014–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaab:2014/3-en&r=env |
| By: | Micha, Evgenia; Heanue, Kevin |
| Abstract: | Sustainable farming systems are those that are economically profitable, environmentally protective and socially efficient through time, therefor the importance of farm sustainable performance is highly acknowledged, and there are various methods for its measurement and assessment at different spatial levels. The aim of this study is to profile and classify Irish livestock farms according to their performance using farm-level data on profitability, environmental efficiency and social integration derived from the Teagasc National Farm Survey. In contrast to previous research that assesses Irish farms’ sustainable performance at farm level, this study is attempting to create a farm system typology based on farm performance and characteristics. Economic, social and environmental performance indicators are determined and aggregated to be used as the conceptual framework to identify and classify types of farms. A combination of multivariate analysis techniques is developed for the aggregation of indicators and for the creation of farm systems typologies. The results indicate the relation between economic, ecological and social performance of Irish farms and establish a typology of livestock farms that can prove useful for future policy design. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc15:204216&r=env |
| By: | Julia Dobreva (University for Finance, Business and Entrepreneurship (VUZF)) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims at highlighting the role of innovations for achieving sustainable development in Bulgaria. It identifies the need for innovative mechanisms in transition economies as a measure against the post effects of an unstable political system and the recent financial crisis. The analysis provides an overview of the Bulgarian economy over the last 20 years - the dropdown of industrial production, the difficulties in setting up and managing SMEs, and the general decline in the country’s economic activity. Furthermore, the paper explores the development impacts which will be achieved through the introduction of innovations in production facilities as well as in service management. The environmental and social implications are considered in terms of defining the major outcomes of implementing green business practices in Bulgaria. A comparison is made with the sustainable development levels in some EU countries to serve as a basis for identifying and further elaborating the main political and economic targets for Bulgaria in the short and the long term. |
| Keywords: | innovations, post-crisis, SMEs, sustainability, sustainable development |
| JEL: | O13 O31 O44 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:1003079&r=env |
| By: | ABEL ADEREMI ADEBAYO (MODIBBO ADAMA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, YOLA, NIGERIA); ABUBAKAR SADIQ YAHYA (FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, MUBI, NIGERIA) |
| Abstract: | The Savannah Sugar Company was established in 1984 to boost local production of sugar in the country. To ensure all year production, the Kiri dam was built on the Gongola River to supply irrigation water to the sugar estate. This study assessed the pattern of climate change in the Savannah Sugar project area over the last thirty six years. The climatic variables examined were rainfall, minimum and maximum temperature. Monthly climatic data were collected from the company’s meteorological station at Gyawana. The temporal scales used are before and after the sugar project, and 1975 – 2010 (36years). The data were subjected to descriptive analysis, trend analysis and t-test. The results of the t- test indicated that there are significant differences in the means of all the climatic elements except rainfall before and after the commencement of the sugar project. Trend analysis showed that all climatic variables except rainfall exhibited upward movement. Rainfall was declining by about 5mm/year while temperature (maximum and minimum) were increasing by about 0.08 – 0.090C per decade. This implies that the project area is becoming warmer and drier partly due to the land use and other activities relating to the sugar manufacturing company. Sustainable tree planting is recommended to mitigate the adverse effect of the rising temperature. |
| Keywords: | assessment, temperature, rainfall, climate change, trend analysis, Savannah Sugar company, Kiri dam, Nigeria |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:1003036&r=env |
| By: | Kerr, Suzi |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, International Development, International Relations/Trade, Land Economics/Use, |
| Date: | 2015–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare15:202528&r=env |
| By: | Gregory Briner; Takayoshi Kato; Susanne Konrad; Christina Hood |
| Abstract: | Governments are currently negotiating the elements of a new climate change agreement to be adopted at the forthcoming COP 21 conference in Paris in 2015. The aim of this paper is to take stock of existing UNFCCC institutions and arrangements and the inter-linkages between them in the areas of mitigation, adaptation and loss and damage, means of implementation, and measurement, reporting and verification (MRV), with a view to informing discussions on the possible elements of a 2015 agreement. A pragmatic agreement would focus on using existing institutions and arrangements more effectively, before creating new ones. Some institutions and arrangements have been established only recently, and time is needed before their effectiveness can be fairly assessed.<P>Point sur le processus de la CCNUCC et ses liens d'interdépendance<BR>Les gouvernements négocient actuellement les éléments d’un nouvel accord sur le changement climatique devant être adopté à la 21e Conférence des Parties (CdP 21) qui se tiendra à Paris en 2015. Ce document a pour objet de dresser l’inventaire des institutions et mécanismes existants de la CCNUCC et d’examiner leurs liens dans les domaines de l’atténuation, de l’adaptation, des pertes et préjudices, des moyens de mise en oeuvre et de la mesure, notification et vérification (MNV), en vue d’éclairer les débats consacrés aux éléments possibles d’un accord en 2015. Un accord pragmatique serait axé sur les moyens d’utiliser plus efficacement les institutions et mécanismes existants avant d’en créer de nouveaux. Certaines institutions et certains mécanismes n’ont été mis en place que récemment, et il faut du temps pour évaluer équitablement leur efficacité. |
| Keywords: | mitigation, climate finance, UNFCCC, climate change, greenhouse gas, adaptation, adaptation, atténuation, finance climat, gaz à effet de serre, changement climatique, CCNUCC |
| Date: | 2014–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaab:2014/4-en&r=env |
| By: | Olga Debicka (Institute of Maritime Transport and Seaborne Trade, Faculty of Economics, University of Gdansk, Poland); Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrzabek (Institute of Maritime Transport and Seaborne Trade, Faculty of Economics, University of Gdansk, Poland) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The purpose of this article is to present the concept of responsible tourism in theory, and present the results of authors’ survey on the awareness of responsible tourism in Poland. Design – Development of the tourist industry often has negative effects on wildlife and local communities, and so for these values which are most valuable in attracting tourist to a particular place. Low tourist culture of travelling persons can result in a situation in which tourism may threaten the foundations of its existence. The responsible tourism seems to be an answer to this problem by focusing on fostering the sense of responsibility of a traveller towards the visited place. Methodology – The methodology of the research includes review of the relevant literature allowing to present the relationship between sustainable tourism and responsible tourism, and to discuss the principles of responsible tourism. The awareness of Polish citizens in that sphere was analysed through the questionnaire survey conducted in 2013. The sampling method used in the survey was a simple random selection. Approach – It becomes a necessity to strive for responsible and sustainable development of the tourism industry and the tourists– to ensure such a development so that we can satisfy a need to travel without picking up future generation such possibility. To achieve this, some actions are needed to preserve natural resources and support local communities - both their economy and culture. We do need a responsible tourism which offers a way to minimize ecological impacts, benefit local communities and reduce poverty - a responsible tourism which is reflected in the way the trips are organized and practiced in the economic, environmental and cultural spheres. Findings – Responsible tourism is still a new trend in Poland. Education on the responsible tourism is particularly important, especially when having in mind that tourists are often attracted by "otherness" of the region which they choose. Through sharing the knowledge, building awareness of cultural and ecological diversity, through controlled sightseeing, the environment which is the biggest tourist attraction, can be protected, nurtured and preserved for future generations. Originality – The originality of the model consists on assessing the level of awareness and behaviour of Polish tourists relating to responsible tourism. To achieve this objective, strictly connected with striving to increase activities in the field of responsible tourism, the authors have developed a framework of such behaviour by determining 30 individual indicators in total, divided into 6 groups. |
| Keywords: | sustainable tourism, responsible tourism, awareness of responsible tourism |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section4-1&r=env |
| By: | Vêlayoudom Marimoutou (Aix-Marseille University (Aix-Marseille School of Economics), CNRS & EHESS); Manel Soury (Aix-Marseille University (Aix-Marseille School of Economics), CNRS & EHESS) |
| Abstract: | We examine the dependence between the volatility of the prices of the carbon dioxide "CO2" emissions with the volatility of one of their fundamental components, the energy prices. The dependence between the returns will be approached by a particular class of copula, the Stochastic Autoregressive Copulas (SCAR), which is a time varying copula that was first introduced by Hafner and Manner (2012)[1] in which the parameter driving the dynamic of the copula follows a stochastic autoregressive process. The standard likelihood method will be used together with Efficient Importance Sampling (EIS) method, to evaluate the integral with a large dimension in the expression of the likelihood function. The main result suggests that the dynamics of the dependence between the volatility of the CO2 emission prices and the volatility of energy returns, coal, natural gas and Brent oil prices, do vary over time, although not much in stable periods but rise noticeably during the period of crisis and turmoils. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions, dependence, SCAR copula, efficient importance sampling, GAS model |
| Date: | 2015–05–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aim:wpaimx:1520&r=env |
| By: | Ankinée Kirakozian (University of Nice Sophia Antipolis; GREDEG CNRS); Christophe Charlier (University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, France; GREDEG CNRS) |
| Abstract: | An important stand of the economic literature focuses on how to provide the right incentives for households to recycle their waste. This body of work includes a growing number of studies inspired by psychology that seek to explain waste sorting, and pro-environmental behavior more generally, and highlight the importance of social approval and peer effect. The present theoretical work explores this issue. We propose a model that considers heterogeneous households that choose to recycle based on three main household characteristics: environmental preferences, opportunity cost of their tax expenditure, and their self-image. The model is original in depicting the interactions among households which enable them to form beliefs on recycling and allows them to assess their self-image. These interaction are explored through the model simulations. We point to how individual recycling decisions depend on these interactions, and how the effectiveness of public policies related to recycling is affected by a crowding-out effect. We consider three complementary policies in the model simulations: provision of incentives to recycle through taxation, provision of information on the importance of selective sorting, and a 'localized' approach that takes the form of a 'nudge'. We use the results of the simulations to quantify the consequences of the crowding out effect on total residual waste. This paper makes an original contribution by showing that when the individual decision is influenced by an internalized peer attention, beliefs about others' intrinsic and extrinsic values can be more important than others' observed behaviors. |
| Keywords: | Household recycling, Waste, Environmental regulation, Behavioral economics, Computational Techniques |
| JEL: | D10 D03 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2015–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2015-20&r=env |
| By: | Irem DIDINMEZ (Hacettepe University Faculty of Economics & Administrative Science Department of Public Finance) |
| Abstract: | Since energy is an important input for the economic growth of countries and the development of industry, it has become an ever-gradually increasing concept. Countries have started to look for the alternative energy sources and to use it in order to ensure the energy security of supply and to decrease their foreign dependence. Turkish economy is an energy intensive economy. Turkey has been in search of sophisticated energy policy to vary the sources on providing energy security. Turkey is located in a relatively advantageous geographical position, so there is an encouraging atmosphere for the environmental technologies and renewable energy in Turkey. Energy policy, energy efficiency and enviromental sustainability play a critical role in Turkey’s energy agenda. The final objective of the energy policies of Turkey is to use the energy and natural sources efficiently and environment conscious, and to provide the highest contribution for the welfare of the country. Increasing the share of renewable energy sources at producing energy is one of the foremost targets at the energy policy of Turkey. For this reason, renewable energy sources are supported and promoted by government regulation, especially at the begining of operation. Current energy policy of Turkey is to increase the renewable energy share and to maximize benefit from existing potential until 2023. |
| Keywords: | energy resources, renewable energy, Turkey |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:1003564&r=env |
| By: | Zoran Todorović (Department of Tourism and Communication Sciences, University of Zadar, Zadar, Croatia) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to support the thesis that the concept of sustainable tourism development around the world has good quality and at the same time consolidate the ecological, economic and sociological dimension. The biggest challenge of economic and social development today is to harmonize two seemingly conflicting requirements, requirements for quality of living - which includes a developed economy, and requirements for environmental protection. Design – Sustainable development is needed in all spheres of human activity as well as in tourism. This paper will discuss the concept of sustainable development and its relation to tourism and how it can use the same operational competitive advantages of Montenegro. Methodology – The research methodology includes examples of good practice, analysis of existing policy documents on the development of tourism in Montenegro. Access – There are special interests in the fragmentation of the basic units of local government - cities and municipalities - for the development of sustainable tourism and its competitiveness. Tourism can not be developed without affecting the environment, but it is possible to correct, strategic and integrated planning to manage tourism development, so that the negative impacts minimized. Findings – Sustainable development means the economic and social growth that can be achieved by providing balance between the evaluation of potential economic and social capacities, while fully respecting and integrating environmental principles. The implementation of sustainable development requires a strong partnership among all social structures. The originality of this research – Originality model consists in the fact that it refers to relatively wide region (in the European context) contains rich natural attractiveness and cultural and historical heritage. In this paper, we try to consider the concept of sustainable tourism development as well as sustainable tourism can take advantage of operational competitive advantages of Montenegro. Given that today tourism falls into one of the most important industries of Montenegro, planning and sustainable development is a prerequisite for its development in the future. |
| Keywords: | sustainable development, tourism, competitiveness, environment protection |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:confpap8&r=env |
| By: | Buckley, Cathal; Wall, David P.; Moran, Brian; O'Neill, Stephen; Murphy, Paul N.C. |
| Abstract: | This research estimates farm gate phosphorus balances and use efficiencies across 147 specialist dairy farms over a seven year period (2006-2012) using nationally representative data and the Republic of Ireland as a case study. This period coincides with the introduction of phosphorus controls in agricultural production under EU Nitrates Directive based regulations. Results indicate that P balances declined by 50 per cent over the study period from 11.9 in 2006 to 6.0 Kgs Ha-1 in 2012. This decline was driven by a reduction in chemical fertiliser imports of 6.5 Kgs Ha-1 and is equivalent to a reduction of 281 kgs of P across the average farm and 2,392 tonnes of P across the weighted sample. This represents a cost saving of €812 per annum across the average farm and €6.89 million for the weighted sample over the study period. Phosphorus use efficiency also improved over the period from 60 per cent in 2006 to 78 per cent in 2012, peaking in 2011 at 88.3 per cent. Results of a random effects panel data model indicate that P balance and use efficiency are significantly influenced by factors such as fertiliser prices, stocking rates, land use potential, contact with extension services and rainfall patterns. |
| Keywords: | Phosphorus, farm gate balance, phosphorus use efficiency, random effects panel data model., Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc15:204207&r=env |
| By: | Irfan Arikan (IMC FH Krems University of Applied Sciences, Krems, Austria); Ilker Unsever (Ünsever Hukuk Bürosu, Bogaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of tourism paradox and tourism equinox on destinations in relation to tourism. The opportunities to create a new form of tourism practice that potentially reduces our environmental and social impacts, while simultaneously enhancing our individual experiences, are the focus of a number of ideas in this paper. Design – Having the tourism industry as the only development model for a country with its natural and cultural resources could not only destroy the social life but also the tourism industry itself. The prospects of even more income will cause an increase in the tourism revenue generation capacity of the destination, which often causes deterioration and devastation of the attractions at the destination and a decrease of the tourism earnings in the long run. Methodology – The methodology of this paper includes secondary literature sources and examples of approaches for sustainable tourism development of the existing strategies. Sustainable tourism is the only type of tourism that can offer an authentic countryside lifestyle area, where it is possible to relax and enjoy nature and countryside atmosphere, like in Tuscany, Provence, Wachau, etc. These approaches cover a multitude of areas of study and implementation ranging from, but not limited to environmental, social, economic and urban development and design. Approach – In common usage, the word “paradox” often refers to statements that are ironic or unexpected. “Tourism paradox” is the name given to this phenomenon where industrial tourism deteriorates or destroys natural and cultural environment, which is necessary for tourism activities. The balance, which does not change and disturbs the social and economic relations at the destination is called “tourism equinox”. The name “equinox” is derived from the Latin aequus (equal) and nox (night), because around the equinox, night and day are about equal length. New projects and approaches to solve the problem caused by the growth of urban populations and establish healthy sustainable tourism destinations are becoming more important than ever. Findings – Projects which focus on and emphasize the economic and social benefits should be undertaken in order to protect these values in the long run. Sustainability should be substantiated through policy and legislation and should be primary objective in all decisions regarding tourism. Rural tourism must be promoted as a key driver of rural tourism development, and funds must be devoted to supporting the development of rural regions. In order to avoid tourism paradox, tourism equinox should be well placed to contribute directly to rural development as many rural areas are attractive to visitors. The originality of this research – Although the equation “more tourists=more tourism income” is so simple, it is not a sustainable approach for the development plans. The awareness of locals and visitors should be raised in order to prevent damage to the historical and cultural environment. The carrying capacity of the region should be determined under sustainable principles, and local governments, non-governmental organizations, universities and professional organizations should cooperate against adverse environmental effects caused by tourism. |
| Keywords: | Tourism Paradox, Tourism Equinox, Tourism Development, Slow Tourism, Sustainability |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section5-1&r=env |
| By: | Kabir, Md. Jahangir; Cramb, Rob; Alauddin, Mohammad |
| Abstract: | Farming in coastal Bangladesh includes rice/shrimp and rice/non-rice cropping systems. The former has been highly profitable but has exacerbated salinization of soil and water. We evaluate the relative profitability, riskiness, and sustainability of the two cropping systems, using data from two coastal villages in Khulna District. Shrimp cultivation was initially very rewarding. However, over 12-15 years the cropping system experienced declining profitability, increased salinity, and adverse impacts on rice cropping and the local environment. From 2009, farmers adapted the system by changing the pond (gher) infrastructure, adopting delayed planting of a saline-tolerant rice cultivar, flushing out accumulated salt with freshwater during rice cropping, and allowing the soil to dry out after harvesting rice. The budgeting results show that, with current management practices, the rice/shrimp system is economically more viable (higher returns to land and labour and less risky) than the rice/non-rice system. Soil analyses showed that, while salinity was higher in the gher during the dry season, it was significantly reduced in the wet season and was very similar between the two systems (1-2 dS/m). Hence, as well as being more profitable and less risky, the rice/shrimp system may well be more sustainable than previously observed. |
| Keywords: | coastal zone, salinity, rice, shrimp, farm budgeting, risk analysis, sustainability, Crop Production/Industries, Land Economics/Use, Production Economics, |
| Date: | 2015–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare15:202981&r=env |
| By: | AYIRI BENEDICT ABUGIAYE (FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION OBUDU); Etah Etah Emmanuel (Federal Collge of Education, Obudu Cross River State Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | This research work assessed the conservation practiced on endangered species of Afi Mountain Sanctuary in Boki Local Government Area of Cross River State – Nigeria Conservation is a panacea for the extinction of endangered species which has become a source of worry to environmentalism. Conservation brings about sustainability of endangered species in the ecosystem. This study was carried out using systematic sampling technique. One out of every five farmers and hunters was randomly selected making a total of 46 respondents used in this research work. The data generated for the study was collected using questionnaires and personal interviews. The conservation practice in the area was assessed. Hypothesis was tested at 0.05 significance levels. The analysis of the results shows that conservation practice has significant impact on the increasing number of endangered species in the study area. It was recommended among others that conservation should be encouraged in the area to boast tourism development and increase the revenue base of the Local Government Area and the state as a whole. |
| Keywords: | Conservation, sanctuary, endangered species, extinction, ecosystem, sustainability. |
| JEL: | Q57 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:1003711&r=env |
| By: | Iva Bulatović (Montenegro Tourism School, Mediterranean University Podgorica); Rade Ratković (Faculty of Bussines and Tourism, Budva, Montenegro) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present indicators of sustainable tourism development in the Skadar Lake Zone in Montenegro. Acctualy tourism is one of the most important industries in Montenegro, and therefore deserves the most attention. Local community plays very important role in future tourism development in this area and their environmental awareness is the crucial factor for ensuring sustainability. Design – In order to understand the concept of sustainable tourism well, this paper explains the concept of sustainable development, the principles of sustainable development, goals and indicators of sustainability. Sustainable development is treated as a global strategy. There is a special focus on the concept of sustainable tourism and indicators of sustainable tourism. Methodology – For the purpose of this paper special survey was conducted among the households situated in the zone of Skadar Lake. Closed questionnaire was prepared and 51 people – households’ representatives who are directly and / or indirectly associated with the industry of tourism answered it. Some interviews were done in pearson, some by telephone and e-mail. Statistical analysis was used for data processing. Approach – Sustainability of tourist destination is an actual issue that our and future generations have to deal with. Thanks to natural beauty and resources, Montenegro has become a tourist destination. National parks are one of the most important characteristics of Montenegro, but tourism in national parks and around is not developed enough and we cannot say that represents sustainable development of tourism. Findings – Research conducted in the zone of Skadar Lake shows that ecological awareness of the people who live there is at relatively low level. Ecological initiatives and adequate educational programs can ensure the sustainability of this zone as a tourist destination. Destination planning is fundamental for development of sustainable tourism. Originality – This paper can provide assistance in the sustainable tourism planning and analysis of the Skadar Lake area. |
| Keywords: | sustainability, tourism, management, ecological awareness, development |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section1-3&r=env |
| By: | Joanna Krzywda (Czestochowa University of Technology); Dariusz Krzywda (Czestochowa Univeristy of technology) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to present by way of using a case study the on-going situation relating to the implementation of sustainable development within the area of metallurgical waste transport. A variety of activities have been undertaken within the area of metallurgy aiming at implementing sustainable development, especially through reducing the negative influence of the waste generated therein onto the natural environment. The most crucial changes relate to technological processes employed at the production stage; however, much is also done within the area of transport. The issue presented in the title of the paper will be discussed on the example of X enterprise, which deals in metallurgical waste processing. As far as technology in concerned, the enterprise in question implements innovative and environment friendly waste management methods. The considerations shall commence with addressing the question how the persons managing the company understand the notion of sustainable development and whether and to what extent the company implements this concept within the area of transport. An introductory analysis of the data obtained from the company makes it possible to propose a hypothesis relating to practical aspects of the implementation of the said concept: there continually arise contradictions of economic and environmental nature. |
| Keywords: | sustainable development in transport, transport of waste |
| JEL: | R49 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:1003977&r=env |
| By: | Marinela Krstinić Nižić (Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Opatija, University of Rijeka); Marcel Bračić |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The purpose of the research is to examine the awareness of hoteliers on energy efficiency and environmental protection. The authors wanted to know whether the hotel companies in the inner regions of Istria and Kvarner implement or plan to implement energy efficiency measures in order to use their resources more rationally. Design - Every hotel company should act responsibly towards the environment, i.e. be an active participant in sustainable development while preserving natural resources. This represents a great challenge, but also a great economic cost for each individual company. Methodology / Approach – Empirical research was conducted using a simple questionnaire adapted to the target group (tourism management, facility management). The study was conducted in December 2013, in the tourist destinations of Kvarner and Istria, on a sample of 15 hotels. The first part of the questionnaire is close-ended (with offered answers: yes, no, sometimes), while the second part of the survey is descriptive, or open-ended. The method of data collection was self-completion questionnaire, returned by e-mail or personally collected by the researchers at the hotel manager. The collected questionnaires were encrypted and statistically analysed. Another often used method of data collection was one-to-one interview. Findings – It is indicative that there is an increasing awareness of people employed in tourism about the fact that energy efficiency represents both the future and the necessity of business. In contrast, there is a lack of energy management, as well as of planning and investment in the energy efficient technologies. Concrete energy efficiency measures are poorly implemented into business. Originality of the research – This research provides reliable and actual qualitative and quantitative data about the problems of energy efficiency development, as well as the energyand cost saving in the regions of Istria and Kvarner. |
| Keywords: | effective use of resources, energy efficiency, economic savings, green business, tourism |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section3-1&r=env |
| By: | Nikolaos Apostolopoulos (University of Peloponnese) |
| Abstract: | The present research deals with the effect of regional, macroeconomic, environmental end energy indicators on regional competitiveness of entrepreneurship in the solar energy sector. The work focuses on renewable energy production as it consists, to some extent, the core of sustainable development. By applying the AHP method, it is aimed to determine the significance of some criteria in relation to regional competitiveness of solar energy enterprises. Ten criteria are set to prioritize the 13 Greek regions. Quantitative and qualitative data will be combined in the present analysis so as to determine and prioritize the Greek regions with respect to the goal of regional competitiveness. The AHP method will be applied so as to delineate investments in the solar energy sector by incorporating regional factors in decisionmaking. Regions vary in terms of competitiveness in the solar energy sector; hence, decision makers and business managers should take into account regional factors. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurship; solar energy; regional; AHP method |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:1003383&r=env |
| By: | Dora Smolčić Jurdana (Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Opatija, University of Rijeka); Ljiljana Zmijanović |
| Abstract: | Purpose – This paper researches and analyzes the seasonality of tourist demand for visiting protected areas in relation to ecological, economical, technological and socio-cultural sustainability. It focuses on protected areas which has a special type of tourism, especially category II – national parks. Design – After years of research it is possible to know whether the seasonality level has increased or decreased. Statistical research of the seasonality level in Croatian national parks, especially Plitvice Lakes and Krka, has shown that seasonality of tourist demand overlaps with tourist interest to visit the natural phenomenon or highly protected areas. Methodology/Approach – Field research and interviews with the local inhabitants contribute to better understanding human needs and better understanding their existence in the protected areas. One of the components of the paper is the interdependency or the effect which seasonality has on the natural and cultural goods in protected areas, how and at what level they are being used. Findings – The management model of protected areas must be directed towards the development and monitoring mechanisms to alleviate the negative effects of seasonality on protected areas. The development of appropriate forms of tourism activities that reduce the negative impact on the protected area imposes itself as a practical necessity. The stabilization of visits can be influenced by pre-defined rules of conduct, and partly affected by quality spatial distribution of visitors, at various locations within the site Originality – Modern management tools must be used in order to establish a fair and balanced relationship between using and conserving in the world, which is reflected in the overall preservation of human values, as being indivisible from their natural environment. |
| Keywords: | sustainability, seasonality, tourism, management, protected area |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section2-4&r=env |
| By: | Christia Guevara (Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Banos); Nerissa Torreta (Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Banos) |
| Abstract: | Biodiversity reduction has been established as a one of the pressing global environmental issue of the present generation. This is further aggravated by conflicting perspectives among stakeholders of its nature as a natural phenomenon or predominantly anthropogenic. The question whether concept and issues on biodiversity is correctly understood is viewed as an important factor in education, especially in the teacher education program.This study considered biodiversity as a controversial multidimensional issue. In particular, this explored on the education students’ conception and perception regarding the issue in relation to science education. Data gathered in this study indicated that teacher education students in general have insignificant valuing perspective toward biodiversity. Employing the participatory appraisal method (Tock, 2001), teacher education students with science majors demonstrated best indicators of conceptual understanding on biodiversity . It was also shown that this group was relatively well informed, considered biodiversity as a relevant issue, and have more positive attitude on integrating it to mainstream science education. Suggestions for evaluating the indicators and outcomes of effective biodiversity education were also drawn from this study. In conclusion it was shown that while curricular programs included many of the essential components for biodiversity education, there was little attempt to ensure that students achieved a more coherent understanding of this complex issue. A more intensive exploration on biodiversity education as it is currently employed in the Philippine education system is recommended for possible merits in curricular enhancement and reforms. |
| Keywords: | Teacher education students, biodiversity education, learning outcomes |
| JEL: | I23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:1003105&r=env |
| By: | Jonathan M. Lee |
| Abstract: | The US EPA’s command-and-control NOx policies of the early 1990s are associated with a 3.1 percentage point reduction in the likelihood of manufacturing plants vertically integrating the electricity generation process. During the same period California adopted a cap-and-trade program for NOx emissions that resulted in no significant impact on distributed electricity generation in manufacturing. These results suggest that traditional command-and-control approaches to air pollution may exacerbate other market failures such as the energy efficiency gap, because distributed generation is generally recognized as a more energy efficient means of producing electricity |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:15-12&r=env |
| By: | Wakamori, Naoki |
| Abstract: | Consumers often purchase more than one differentiated product, assembling a portfolio, which might potentially affect substitution patterns of demand and, as a consequence, oligopolistic firms’ pricing strategies. To study such consumers’ portfolio considerations, this paper develops and estimates a structural model that allows for flexible complementarities/substitutabilities, using Japanese household-level data on automobile purchases. My estimates suggest that complementarities arise when households purchase a combination of one small automobile and one minivan as their portfolio. Simulation results suggest that, due to such portfolio considerations, a policy proposal of repealing the current tax subsidies for small eco-friendly automobiles would not necessarily sharply decrease the demand. |
| Keywords: | Multiple Discrete Choices; Complementarities; Environmental Policy |
| JEL: | D43 L13 L62 Q58 |
| Date: | 2015–04–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:trf:wpaper:499&r=env |
| By: | Roberts, Deborah; Vera-Toscano, Esperanza; Phimister, Euan |
| Abstract: | Energy poverty is a significant policy issue in the UK. An argument often raised is that rural households are more likely to be energy poor due to the nature of rural housing stock and also the more limited choice of energy sources in rural areas. However empirical evidence to support this argument is limited. This paper uses data from the British Household Panel Survey to explore whether the incidence and dynamics of energy poverty varies between rural and urban areas in the UK. In addition to descriptive analysis, discrete hazard models of energy poverty exit and re-entry are estimated and used to explore the impact of an increase in energy price. The results indicate that the influence of certain housing and personal characteristics differs by place of residence. After accounting for differences in the observed characteristics, the experience of energy poverty in urban areas was found to be on average longer with a higher probability of energy poverty persistence. Vulnerability to energy price increases was found to be high with a 20% increase in price leading to a 74% increase in the probability rural residents being trapped in energy poverty for five or more years. It is argued that a combination of household type and spatial targeting of policy support is required. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc15:204213&r=env |
| By: | Stavros Sakellariou (Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly); Stergios Tampekis (Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly); Fani Samara (Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly); Olga Christopoulou (Department of Planning and Regional Development, University of Thessaly) |
| Abstract: | Forest fires constitute one of the greatest hazards for the viability and sustainable development of forests with consequences both on natural and cultural environment, undermining the economy and the quality of life of local and regional populations. Thus, the best strategic to grapple with forest fires while taking under consideration both functional and economic efficiency is considered of primary importance. To this effect, great share have the usage and adoption of decision support systems (DSS) which contain tools of G.I.S. and satellite technology and function as information systems which support the managers responsible for eliminating the forest fires. Definitely, the sub-systems of the most DSS can be used independently depending on the main purpose, such as for prevention or suppression procedures; for the financial estimation of the planned mission; for the smoke detection and the prediction of its repercussions on the human health etc. Hence, the paper aims to a comparative assessment of the most contemporary DSS which are in use in different geographic scales -such as national and federal level- as well as to a thorough exploration of the effectiveness and contribution of such systems to the confronting of forest fires. |
| Keywords: | forest fires, decision support systems, g.i.s., remote sensing |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:1003848&r=env |
| By: | Hecking, Harald (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln) |
| Abstract: | The paper at hand examines the power system costs when a coal tax or a fixed bonus for renewables is combined with CO2 emissions trading. It explicitly accounts for the interaction between the power and the gas market and identifies three cost effects: First, a tax and a subsidy both cause deviations from the cost-efficient power market equilibrium. Second, these policies also impact the power sector's gas demand function as well as the gas market equilibrium and therefore have a feedback effect on power generation quantities indirectly via the gas price. Thirdly, by altering gas prices, a tax or a subsidy also indirectly affects the total costs of gas purchase by the power sector. However, the direction of the change in the gas price, and therefore the overall effect on power system costs, remains ambiguous. In a numerical analysis of the European power and gas market, I find using a simulation model integrating both markets that a coal tax affects gas prices ambiguously whereas a fixed bonus for renewables decreases gas prices. Furthermore, a coal tax increases power system costs, whereas a fixed bonus can decrease these costs because of the negative effect on the gas price. Lastly, the more market power that gas suppliers have, the stronger the outlined effects will be. |
| Keywords: | CO2 abatement; oligopoly; gas market; power market |
| JEL: | C60 L13 Q02 Q48 |
| Date: | 2015–05–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:ewikln:2014_014&r=env |
| By: | Meyer-Höfer, Marie von; Spiller, Achim |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Marketing, |
| Date: | 2015–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa143:202747&r=env |
| By: | Mattavelli, Simone; Perugini, Marco; Richetin, Juliette |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, |
| Date: | 2015–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaa143:202709&r=env |
| By: | Ahodo, Kwadjo; Freckleton, Robert P.; Oglethorpe, David |
| Abstract: | The paper investigates the effect of variations in soil type, rainfall, N fertilizer amount and crop prices on the objectives of arable farms operating in Nitrogen Vulnerable Zones (NVZs) and receiving the Single Farm Payment (SFP). Sensitivity analysis was carried out using a mixed-integer programming (MIP) arable farm model (farmR). The farmR model estimates the arable farming objectives of interest: farm profit, crop complexity and risk minimization. Applying the 2014 SFP flat rate and the maximum N limits (N max) values (prescribed in the NVZ guidelines) to each crop, N max was varied under different soil types and rainfall interactions. Crop prices were also varied to illustrate the effectiveness of the SFP under a scenario of high crop prices. The results showed that even though applying N above N max increases farm productivity under all soil and rainfall interactions, doing so and forgoing the SFP reduces farm productivity and increases risk. The SFP thus acts as a payment for the opportunity cost to farms for not being able to apply N above N max. However under a scenario of crop price increases, applying above N max and forfeiting the SFP could generate higher productivity than at the N max level. |
| Keywords: | Single farm payment, sensitivity analysis, nitrogen vulnerable zones, arable farming, mixed integer programming., Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Farm Management, C61, Q18, |
| Date: | 2015–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc15:204231&r=env |
| By: | Draženka Birkic (Karlovac University of Applied Sciences); Ida Cubelic Pilija; Jelena Kljaic Šebrek |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to support the hypothesis The local government insufficiently uses strong mechanisms of influence in creation and implementation of sustainable development concept in the coastal destinations. Design – The special focus in this paper is given to the role and the responsibility of the local government and key stakeholders in the coastal destinations, since the local government is considered to be the most responsible for the coordination of tourism development at local level and support of sustainable development approach. Methodology – The desk research was used in this paper and the relevant literature was studied, publicly available planning strategic documents were collected and analyzed by the assessment instrument developed by Simpson (2001). Semi structured in depth interview was conducted in with representatives of local government researching the role and attitude towards the implementation of the sustainable development principles. Approach – The research was conducted in 44 coastal tourist destinations whose strategic planning documents were assessed by the dimensions developed in assessment instrument: Strategic indicators of planning documents - goals and objectives, Physical, ecological and economic situation analysis, Stakeholder participation, Vision and values, Implementation and review. Findings – The results of the research prove that local government has the irreplaceable role and responsibility in the tourism development at the local level but insufficiently knows and implements concept of sustainable development in strategic planning documents. Originality – The originality of this research is in the fact that assessment instrument developed by Simpson is for the first time used to assess implementation of sustainable development principles in the strategic planning documents of the coastal tourist destinations. |
| Keywords: | sustainable tourism development, coastal destination, local government, planning documents |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:section1-2&r=env |
| By: | Ivan Paunović (Singidunum University); Miodrag Radojevic (Singidunum University) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – Green economy concept set forth reduction of the seasonality of tourism demand as one of the main goals. Overreliance of mountain tourism on alpine ski tourism can be overcome through diversification of tourism offer and development of summer season. Design –The research was designed to compare the basic market and seasonality of demand indicators of Kopaonik and Zlatibor mountains, in order to give recommendations for product development. The tourist parameters compared were integrated into a coherent sustainable development indicators model. The primary data was collected through survey, which was conducted as a component of the EU financed project: “Support to implementation of the National Strategy for Tourism” 07SER01/23/11. Methodology – The research methodology used for comparing age, length of stay, level of daily spending, and satisfaction of tourists was independent samples t-test processed in SPSS, while methodology for image attributes, expense levels by categories and seasonality of demand was descriptive statistics. Approach – The research combines market indicators with seasonality of demand indicators in order to give recommendations for sustainable product development, through benchmarking of 2 major mountain destinations. Findings – The research showed that demographic segmentation is the single most important criteria for summer season mountain tourism market segmentation in the 2 mountain destinations in Serbia. Analysis of the image attributes expense categories showed that both mountain destinations (Zlatibor and Kopaonik) offer different value propositions to tourists and have different competitive advantages. Seasonality of demand analysis demonstrated highly unsustainable destination development on Kopaonik mountain. Originality of the research – The research combines market data with the seasonality of demand indicators in order to offer novel product development solutions that would support development of green, sustainable tourism. |
| Keywords: | Green economy, Marketing Mountain Destinations, Destination Benchmarking, Benhmarking, Tourism Product Development, Sustainable Development Indicators |
| JEL: | L83 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tho:iscthi:confpap4&r=env |
| By: | Tembo, Solomon T.; Mulenga, Brian P.; Sitko, Nicholas |
| Abstract: | This study examined the use of various sources of cooking energy among urban households in Zambia, and analyzed urban households’ energy choice and charcoal consumption decisions using econometric models. Overall, charcoal is the most common source of main cooking energy in urban areas, followed by electricity, and lastly the other non-specific sources, such as gas, and kerosene. Of the three main sources considered in this study (i.e., electricity only, charcoal only, and a mix of charcoal and electricity) charcoal accounted for almost half (44%) of urban households, followed by a mix of charcoal and electricity representing 38%, and lastly electricity only accounting for 17% of urban households. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2015–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:midcwp:202883&r=env |