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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Nicolas Morice (LET - Laboratoire d'économie des transports - [CNRS : UMR5593] - [Université Lumière - Lyon II] - [Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat]); Jean-Pierre Traisnel (AUS - Architecture, Urbanisme, Sociétés - [CNRS : UMR7136] - [Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis][Université de Paris X - Nanterre][Université Paris XII Val de Marne][Université de Marne la Vallée] - [Ecole d'architecture Paris-Malaquais][Ecole d'architecture Paris-Belleville]); Karine Delvert (LET - Laboratoire d'économie des transports - [CNRS : UMR5593] - [Université Lumière - Lyon II] - [Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat]); Steve Macraigne (AUS - Architecture, Urbanisme, Sociétés - [CNRS : UMR7136] - [Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis][Université de Paris X - Nanterre][Université Paris XII Val de Marne][Université de Marne la Vallée] - [Ecole d'architecture Paris-Malaquais][Ecole d'architecture Paris-Belleville]); Pascal Pochet (LET - Laboratoire d'économie des transports - [CNRS : UMR5593] - [Université Lumière - Lyon II] - [Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat]); Charles Raux (LET - Laboratoire d'économie des transports - [CNRS : UMR5593] - [Université Lumière - Lyon II] - [Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat]); Jean-Pierre Nicolas (LET - Laboratoire d'économie des transports - [CNRS : UMR5593] - [Université Lumière - Lyon II] - [Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat]) |
| Abstract: | L'état de l'art prévu (tâche A.1.) du projet ETHEL(1) poursuit deux objectifs :<br />− dresser un bilan synthétique des connaissances acquises en matière de prospective dans les domaines de l'énergie, des transports, de l'habitat, de l'environnement et des localisations ;<br />− en déduire les principales hypothèses qui pourront être retenues lors de l'élaboration de scénarios prospectifs prévue au cours des étapes suivantes du projet ETHEL (activité C).<br />----------------------------------------------------<br /><br />(1) ETHEL est un projet intégré au programme d'action concertée énergie 2003 (CNRS – Ministère de la Recherche) sur lequel travaillent trois équipes : le LET, le LTMU et le CIRED. Le projet ETHEL a pour objectif l'analyse des déterminants de l'évolution des consommations énergétiques dans l'habitat et les transports en relation avec les formats d'habitat et la structuration de l'espace urbain. |
| Keywords: | Prospective ; énergie ; transport ; habitat ; environnement ; localisations ; ETHEL ; Action concertée energie |
| Date: | 2006–10–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:papers:halshs-00101186_v1&r=env |
| By: | Charles Raux (LET - Laboratoire d'économie des transports - [CNRS : UMR5593] - [Université Lumière - Lyon II] - [Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat]); Jean-Pierre Traisnel (AUS - Architecture, Urbanisme, Sociétés - [CNRS : UMR7136] - [Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis][Université de Paris X - Nanterre][Université Paris XII Val de Marne][Université de Marne la Vallée] - [Ecole d'architecture Paris-Malaquais][Ecole d'architecture Paris-Belleville]); Jean-Pierre Nicolas (LET - Laboratoire d'économie des transports - [CNRS : UMR5593] - [Université Lumière - Lyon II] - [Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat]); Mindjid Maizia (AUS - Architecture, Urbanisme, Sociétés - [CNRS : UMR7136] - [Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis][Université de Paris X - Nanterre][Université Paris XII Val de Marne][Université de Marne la Vallée] - [Ecole d'architecture Paris-Malaquais][Ecole d'architecture Paris-Belleville]); Karine Delvert (LET - Laboratoire d'économie des transports - [CNRS : UMR5593] - [Université Lumière - Lyon II] - [Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'Etat]) |
| Abstract: | Ce rapport répond à un triple objectif :<br />- Situer à partir des statistiques nationales, les enjeux et ordres de grandeur en matière de consommations énergétiques et d'émissions concernant le transport et l'habitat<br />- Etablir une méthodologie de calcul des émissions liées au transport et à l'habitat<br />- Présenter les calculs d'émission effectués sur cette base.<br /><br />En matière de transport, le calcul des émissions repose sur l'utilisation de la méthodologie MEET appliquée aux déplacements recueillis lors de l'enquête nationale transports et communication (INSEE). Pour ce qui est du logement, on s'appuie sur les Comptes du logement et les bases de données du CEREN (structure de la consommation d'énergie des ménages). La part des innovations, des caractéristiques morphologiques et topologiques (compacité, contiguïté, maillage ou arborescence des réseaux, longueur des cheminements, etc.) dans l'efficacité énergétique globale de l'habitat, dans ses multiples fonctions, est relevée.<br /><br />Sur la base des données existantes, les bilans actuels de consommation d'énergie et d'émission liées aux déplacements d'une part à l'exploitation du logement (chauffage et autres usages) d'autre part, sont établis. Ces bilans peuvent être comparés selon un certain nombre de critères (variables liées à la localisation, variables socio-économiques). On élabore ainsi un budget énergie transport environnement logement (BETEL).<br /><br />Ce rapport est structuré en quatre parties. La première partie dresse un bilan rapide des consommations énergétiques et émissions globales liées aux déplacements à l'exploitation du bâti (chauffage et autres usages). Les deuxième et troisième parties présentent la méthodologie BETEL respectivement pour l'habitat et le transport. La quatrième partie illustre ces méthodologies en présentant les premiers résultats. |
| Keywords: | Bilan énergétique ; transport ; habitat ; environnement ; localisations ; ETHEL ; Action concertée énergie |
| Date: | 2006–10–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:papers:halshs-00101248_v1&r=env |
| By: | Golombek, Rolf (The Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research); Hoel, Michael (Dept. of Economics, University of Oslo) |
| Abstract: | The Kyoto Agreement is the result of international negotiations over many years. However, because of a number of weaknesses, different sorts of climate agreement have been suggested: for example, coordinated R&D activities that reduce abatement costs for all firms. We will compare an agreement focusing only on emissions (a Kyoto type of agreement) with an agreement focusing only on technology, assuming that the costs of abatement are affected by R&D in all firms through technology spillovers. In an emissions agreement, emissions should be restricted to the extent that the carbon price exceeds the Pigovian level. For sufficiently low technology spillovers, an emissions agreement is more efficient than a technology agreement specifying an R&D subsidy to be imposed on all firms in all countries. The opposite may hold if technology spillovers are sufficiently large. Finally, an alternative technology agreement specifying R&D expenditure in each country is more efficient than an agreement specifying an R&D subsidy. |
| Keywords: | climate policy; international climate agreements; R&D policy; technology spillovers |
| JEL: | H23 O30 Q20 Q28 Q48 |
| Date: | 2006–09–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:osloec:2006_021&r=env |
| By: | Carlsson, Dick (Södra Cell International AB); Rönnqvist, Mikael (Dept. of Finance and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration) |
| Abstract: | Transportation planning in forestry is divided into strategic, tactical and operational depending on the length of the planning horizon. We consider a tactical problem of finding efficient backhauling routes. Given a set of supply and demand points the backhauling problem is to identify a set of efficient routes which is a combination of direct tours between supply and demand points such that the unloaded distance is minimized. Given these routes we formulate a linear programming problem where the solution is the actual flows in the routes. The problem normally has a time horizon ranging from one to five weeks. However, in some cases it can be included in strategic planning for more than one year and as a basis for daily operative route planning. The size of the problem increases rapidly with the number of supplies and demands and we describe a column generation approach for its solution. Models and methods have been used with success in a number of case studies and in decision support systems. We describe the model and solution method and report on case studies and systems where the approach has been used. |
| Keywords: | Transportation; Modelling; Decision Support System; Linear programming; Optimization; Forestry |
| JEL: | C52 C61 Q23 R40 |
| Date: | 2006–04–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhhfms:2006_005&r=env |
| By: | Sanchirico, James N. (Resources for the Future); Smith, Martin D.; Lipton, Douglas W. |
| Abstract: | Marine scientists and policymakers are encouraging ecosystem-based fishery management (EBFM), but there is limited guidance on how to operationalize the concept. We adapt financial portfolio theory as a method for EBFM that accounts for species interdependencies, uncertainty, and sustainability constraints. Illustrating our method with routinely collected data available from the Chesapeake Bay, we demonstrate the gains from taking into account species variances and covariances in setting species total allowable catches. We find over the period from 1962–2003 that managers could have increased the revenues from fishing and reduced the variance by employing ecosystem frontiers in setting catch levels. |
| Keywords: | ecosystem-based fishery management, portfolio, trophic modeling, precaution |
| JEL: | Q0 Q22 G11 |
| Date: | 2006–09–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-06-40&r=env |
| By: | Burtraw, Dallas (Resources for the Future); Palmer, Karen (Resources for the Future) |
| Abstract: | On July 20, 2006, in New York City, Resources for the Future convened a workshop of stakeholders and state officials engaged in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) together with experts on various aspects of using auctions. The workshop provided technical assistance to states for the development of a plan to satisfy the requirement for an allocation of emissions allowances to benefit consumers or for strategic energy purposes. The workshop included an overview of auction theory, a panel on concerns of stakeholders about using an allowance auction in the RGGI, a panel on the motivations for and lessons from using auctions in other applications, and one on past experiences with auctions of emissions allowances. This workshop summary presents the main ideas presented by speakers and the audience. The summary concludes by drawing on the discussion to compile a suggested roadmap identifying steps for planners in moving toward implementation of the auction. |
| Keywords: | auction, allowances, emissions trading, climate |
| JEL: | D44 Q58 |
| Date: | 2006–09–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rff:dpaper:dp-06-45&r=env |
| By: | Andrea BONFIGLIO ([n.a.]) |
| Abstract: | The paper aims to assess environmental impact produced by alternative Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) scenarios in the Italian Marche region for the period 2000-2002. Scenarios concern alternative hypotheses about direct payments for arable crops related to Agenda 2000. For this aim, a Multilayer Feedforward Neural Network model (MFNN) was applied. Different from traditional models, MFNN is able to analyze complex patterns quickly and with a high degree of accuracy. Moreover, MFNN makes assumptions about neither the underlying population nor the existence of optimising behaviour and uses the data to develop an internal representation of the complexity characterising the system analysed. The results indicate that direct payments produced positive environmental effects compared to the hypothesis of absence of direct payments. Moreover, they show that it would have been even better, from an environmental point of view, if Agenda 2000 had been more radical in comparison to the 1992 Mac Sharry reform, by introducing decoupled direct payments. |
| Keywords: | common agricultural policy, direct payments, environmental impact, neural networks |
| JEL: | C45 Q18 Q21 |
| Date: | 2006–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anc:wpaper:269&r=env |