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on Entrepreneurship |
| By: | Kateryna Tkach (Gran Sasso Science Institute); Alberto Marzucchi (Gran Sasso Science Institute); Ugo Rizzo (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Ferrara); Michela Borghesi (Department of Economics and Management, University of Ferrara) |
| Abstract: | We contribute to the literature on the green, digital and twin transitions by providing novel evidence on their implications for industrial dynamics. In particular, we investigate whether the local supply of skills in the green, digital and twin domains is related to firm entry and exit at the NUTS3 level in Italy. We exploit a recently created dataset on the near-universe of Italian university programme descriptions to capture the skills provided through higher education. We find that the supply of green, digital and twin skills enhances opportunities for firm entry. We rule out the possibility that this effect simply reflects the supply of high-skilled labour in general. The supply of green skills may induce higher industrial renewal, being it also correlated with higher exit rates. |
| Keywords: | skill supply; university graduates; industrial dynamics; local economic performance |
| JEL: | O33 Q55 J24 R11 |
| Date: | 2026–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:0726 |
| By: | Gert Bijnens (National Bank of Belgium, Research Department); Sam Desiere (Ghent University, Belgium); Haotian Deng (Ghent University, Belgium); Bart Cockx (Ghent University, Belgium) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies how employment subsidies for start-ups shape their performance. We exploit an unexpected policy reform in Belgium that permanently exempted start-ups hiring their first employee from payroll taxes for that employee. Using firm-level administrative data and a regression- discontinuity-in-time design, we find that subsidized post-reform start-ups employed fewer workers and generated lower output, value added, and profits compared to pre-reform start- ups. However, post-reform start-ups were more likely to survive as employers. These effects emerged within the first year after hiring and remained stable over a medium horizon of three years. Our findings indicate a compositional shift: the subsidy primarily induced low-productivity firms to enter the market. As most firms nowadays are nonemployers, our results meaningfully generalize the theoretical implications of standard neoclassical entrepreneurship models (employee–employer margin) and fill the important gap of the nonemployer–employer margin. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurship; start-up; employment subsidy; tax reduction; labor demand; small firms. |
| JEL: | H25 J23 J24 J38 L25 L26 M51 |
| Date: | 2026–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbb:reswpp:202603-488 |
| By: | Hassan F. Gholipour; Georges Harb; Mohammad Reza Farzanegan |
| Abstract: | This study examines the relationship between conflict events, conflict-related fatalities, and entrepreneurial intentions in Iraq, one of the most war-affected countries over the past four decades and a context largely overlooked in the entrepreneurship literature. By combining regional-level data from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED) with individual-level data from the World Values Survey (WVS), we find that, controlling for other factors, entrepreneurial intentions are significantly lower in regions experiencing higher levels of conflicts and fatalities. This finding is robust across multiple estimation methods and model specifications. Furthermore, our results indicate that financially stable individuals show a sharper decline in entrepreneurial intentions in response to conflicts compared to financially vulnerable individuals. |
| Keywords: | business formation, conflicts, entrepreneurial intentions, Iraq, WVS |
| JEL: | D74 L26 O53 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12507 |
| By: | Wagner, Joachim |
| Abstract: | This short note looks at the link between churning of exporters and dynamics of exports using data from the World Bank Exporter Dynamics Database from 69 countries primarily for the period between 2003 and 2010. In line with Schumpetarian theory of creative destruction we report that a higher rate of turnover in export activity by entry and exit of firms in the year before is positively linked to export growth in the current year after controlling for unobserved time-invariant country effects and country-invariant time effects. Creative destruction is at work in exports. |
| Keywords: | Exporter Dynamics Database, creative destruction, export entry, export exit |
| JEL: | F14 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:kcgwps:337456 |
| By: | Henrekson, Magnus (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)); Sandström, Christian (Linneaus University, Växjö, Sweden); Stenkula, Mikael (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)) |
| Abstract: | Green Deals have been introduced across Western economies as large-scale, mission-oriented innovation policies (MOIPs) intended to combine economic growth with environmental sustainability. Rooted in the concept of an “entrepreneurial state, ” these initiatives reflect renewed confidence in governments’ ability to direct technological and industrial transformation. However, their outcomes have frequently diverged from expectations. This volume examines the theoretical foundations and empirical results of Green Deals, highlighting the institutional, economic, and behavioral factors that contribute to their shortcomings. Drawing on perspectives from evolutionary economics, public choice theory, and behavioral political economy, the contributors analyze a wide range of cases, including Germany’s Energiewende, Italy’s Superbonus, and the European Union’s hydrogen and battery programs. Across these examples, recurring challenges such as rent-seeking, mission capture, optimism bias, and distorted incentives are identified. The findings indicate that while Green Deals have advanced ambitious sustainability goals, they often undermine competitiveness and fiscal stability while generating limited environmental benefits. The volume concludes by outlining alternative pathways that emphasize incremental, technology-neutral, and institutionally grounded approaches to sustainability—approaches that align more closely with long-term economic resilience and effective environmental policy. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship policy; Green deals; Green transition; Innovation policy; Moonshot policies; Public choice |
| JEL: | H50 L26 L52 O33 O38 P16 |
| Date: | 2026–02–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1553 |
| By: | Bo Cowgill; Pablo Hernandez-Lagos; Nataliya Langburd Wright |
| Abstract: | Screening human capital based on signals such as job applications or entrepreneurial pitches is crucial for organizations. Signals are often informative insofar as they require differential knowledge and effort to produce. Generative AI (GAI) complicates screening by lowering the cost of producing impressive signals. We model the informational effects of GAI, showing that applicants' access to GAI can increase - but also decrease - an evaluator's screening mistakes. This result depends on how GAI affects experts' signals compared to non-experts'. Using experiments in hiring and startup investing, we estimate that senders' access to GAI (ChatGPT) lowers screening accuracy by 4-9% for employers and startup investors. Consistent with our model, senders' access to GAI also improves screening accuracy in some settings - in our case, among senders from non-English-speaking countries. These results show that GAI can profoundly shape screening accuracy. |
| Keywords: | screening, artificial intelligence, entrepreneurship, human capital |
| JEL: | D82 M51 L26 D83 O33 M13 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12508 |
| By: | Fichter, Klaus; Neumann, Thomas; Olteanu, Yasmin; Grothey, Tim; Block, Jörn |
| Abstract: | Der Green Startup Report 2026, herausgegeben vom Borderstep Institut für Innovation und Nachhaltigkeit, analysiert die aktuelle Entwicklung der grünen Gründungslandschaft in Deutschland und setzt die seit 2013 kontinuierlich durchgeführte wissenschaftliche Beobachtung der Szene fort. Die Langzeitperspektive ermöglicht eine belastbare Einordnung struktureller Trends, technologischer Entwicklungen und Veränderungen der Gründungsdynamik. Die grüne Start-up-Community ist weiter gewachsen und umfasst inzwischen 4.668 Unternehmen (Gründungszeitraum 2016 - 2025). Grüne Start-ups leisten einen zentralen Beitrag zur technologischen Innovationsfähigkeit und zur Klimaschutzleistung des Wirtschaftsstandorts Deutschland. Sie zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Patentquote, überdurchschnittliche Forschungsintensität und ein erhebliches CO2-Minderungspotenzial aus. Im Durchschnitt reduzieren ihre Lösungen Treibhausgasemissionen um mehr als 70 Prozent gegenüber marktüblichen Technologien. Gleichzeitig zeigt der Report erstmals seit Jahren eine rückläufige Gründungsdynamik. Trotz stabiler und wachsender GreenTech-Märkte bremsen Aufmerksamkeitsverschiebungen in Politik und Öffentlichkeit sowie regulatorische Unsicherheiten insbesondere in kapitalintensiven Sektoren das weitere Wachstum. Der Green Startup Report 2026 liefert damit eine zentrale Datengrundlage für die strategische Weiterentwicklung der deutschen Start-up-, Innovations- und Klimapolitik. |
| Keywords: | grüne Start-ups, Gründungen, Kapital, Einhorn, Klimaschutzpotenzial, Finanzierung, Start-ups mit Investment, Patent, Nachhaltigkeit und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit, Innovationskraft, Scale-up-Strategie, Klimaschutzmaßnahmen, Förderung, Green-Startup-Ökosystem, Marktzugang, Künstliche Intelligenz KI, Geschäftsmodell, nachhaltiges Geschäftsmodell, Volatilität, Branchen, Green-Tech-Geschäftsmodell, Wirkungspotenzial, Frauenanteil, Business Angels, Venture Capital, Corporate Investment, Crowd-Investment, Kooperation, Purpose, Finanzierungsrunde, Technologie, Umweltinnovation, Energiewende, nachhaltige Chemie, Förderinstrumente, Klimaschutz, doppelte Dividende, Naturschutz, CO2-Emissionen, Impact, Materialkreislauf, Produktlebensweg, Lieferkette, Hackathon, Biodiversität, Skalierung, Nachhaltigkeit, GreenTech, Grand Challenges, Transformation, EU, Monitoring, Gründungsförderprogramme, Climate Forward Financing |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esrepo:337499 |
| By: | Norman Jones III |
| Abstract: | Small Business Credit Survey respondents signaled that higher costs, staffing issues, and increased difficulty growing their sales are their most prevalent issues. |
| Date: | 2025–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:l00100:102778 |