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on Entrepreneurship |
| By: | Ferrando, Annalisa; Mulier, Klaas; Ongena, Steven; Delis, Manthos |
| Abstract: | Monetary policy can have contrasting effects on economic inequality via distinct channels. We examine the effect working via the credit channel, whereby monetary policy induces heterogeneous access to credit for business owners based on their wealth. Using unique data on business loan applications from small firms, we find that monetary expansions increase the bank’s likelihood to approve loan applications, particularly so for low-wealth entrepreneurs, translating to higher future income and wealth. Survey data from 19 euro area countries on loan applications by SMEs confirms these findings, and shows that the effect transmits especially via weakly capitalized and less liquid banks. JEL Classification: E51, E52, D63 |
| Keywords: | bank credit, business loans, entrepreneurs’ private wealth, monetary policy |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20253058 |
| By: | Shoumitro Chatterjee; Kala Krishna; Kalyani Padmakumar; Yingyan Zhao |
| Abstract: | This paper identifies exit barriers as a new reason for India’s underdeveloped manufacturing sector. These barriers not only deter entry but also trap resources in unproductive firms. We document that Indian institutions generate such barriers and provide causal evidence of their effects. Using a dynamic model that separately identifies direct exit barriers from labor and capital adjustment costs, we find that exit barriers are quantitatively significant, particularly in low-performing states and labor-intensive industries. Our analysis yields three findings. First, reducing firing costs raises value added but reduces employment, whereas relaxing direct exit barriers increases both. Second, simultaneous reform of labor firing costs and direct exit barriers yields synergies. Third, sequencing matters: addressing direct exit barriers before labor firing costs preserves employment while improving efficiency. Finally, we show that exit subsidies are more effective at raising value added, while entry subsidies are more effective at increasing employment. |
| JEL: | C61 D00 L59 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33830 |
| By: | Chowdhury, Emon |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the impact of economic, socio-cultural, and institutional factors on entrepreneurial success in Bangladesh. Using primary data from a structured survey with judgmental sampling, factor analysis and regression models are used to examine these relationships. The findings show that a strong economic climate fosters entrepreneurship, but challenges such as limited access to financing and inadequate infrastructure hinder success. Socio-cultural factors, like traditional family structures and gender roles, significantly restrict women's participation. Institutional support, including policies and organizations, is crucial for success. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to promote inclusive entrepreneurship. Policymakers should improve access to financing, reduce interest rates, and invest in infrastructure. Promoting gender equality and supportive policies is essential to enhance women's participation and guide entrepreneurs. Creating a conducive entrepreneurial ecosystem in Bangladesh can drive economic growth, reduce poverty, and empower marginalized groups, especially women. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship; Bangladesh; economic factors; socio-cultural factors; institutional factors; mindset |
| JEL: | G2 L1 L6 M1 |
| Date: | 2024–10–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:124873 |
| By: | Nobuya FUKUGAWA |
| Abstract: | Universities, embedded within regional innovation systems, promote entrepreneurship through intermediary functions, including resource provision, consulting, and networking. Drawing on perspectives from entrepreneurial ecosystems and innovation intermediation, this study examines how the effectiveness of these university functions varies according to regional innovation contexts and institutional types. The analysis integrates comprehensive panel data from 1, 027 universities (2019–2023) with detailed patent and basic research funding databases. Fixed-effects negative binomial regression models with lagged independent variables are employed to control for unobserved time-invariant heterogeneity and to mitigate simultaneity bias. The results show that basic research capacity is consistently and positively associated with startup formation, highlighting its foundational role in academic entrepreneurship. However, the effects of other support functions are highly context-dependent: human resource and knowledge service linkages promote startup activity only when universities are embedded within innovation agglomerations. Investor linkages show no significant overall effect but become positively associated with startup formation in peripheral regions where access to capital is limited. These findings underscore the need for differentiated, ecosystem-sensitive intermediation strategies and highlight the importance of aligning university support mechanisms with the structure and maturity of surrounding innovation environments. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:25044 |
| By: | de Brauw, Alan; Hirvonen, Kalle; Mekonnen, Daniel; Chege, Christine |
| Abstract: | In late 2023, a unique survey was fielded in Ethiopia to study micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) selling food directly to consumers in two locations in Ethiopia (a woreda of Addis Ababa, and Butajira). The survey was unique as it combines a listing exercise, which attempted to list all businesses selling food directly to customers within a specific area, and a business-oriented survey, which enumerated information about management characteristics, the use of healthy foods, nutritional awareness, and the constraints businesses might face in selling more healthy foods. We find that businesses rarely follow good business practices, they have poor access to capital, and supply challenges and variable quality are major constraints to expanding their businesses. Finally, we find many vendors are not aware of nutritional content of specific foods they might sell. From the business perspective, business trainings could help vendors become better businesses, but helping deal with supply challenges earlier in the value chain could also allow them to sell more, with consistently higher quality. |
| Keywords: | enterprises; food environment; nutrition; surveys; Ethiopia; Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024–10–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprpp:155237 |
| By: | Gottschalk, Sandra (Leibniz-Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung, ZEW); Schmucker, Alexandra (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Wolter, Stefanie (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany); Zimmermann, Florian (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany) |
| Abstract: | "The Mannheim Enterprise Panel linked to the Establishment History Panel (MUP-BHP) is made up of cross-sectional datasets from 2010 onwards. Cross-section datasets include all linkable liability companies (GmbH) and limited liability entrepreneurial companies (UG) from the Mannheim Enterprise Panel (MUP) and their linked establishments in Germany that are recorded in the Employee History Panel (BeH) as of 31 December. This linkage of companies and establishments is based on a record linkage of the address data of the MUP held by the Leibniz Institute for European Economic Research and the establishment address data at the IAB. The individual cross-sectional datasets contain information on the establishments and enterprises as well as an additional file on shareholders. The data sets can be combined to form a panel. This data report describes the Mannheim Enterprise Panel linked with the Establishment History Panel (MUP-BHP) 2010-2023." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en)) |
| Keywords: | Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; IAB-Open-Access-Publikation ; Datenaufbereitung ; Datengewinnung ; Datenqualität ; Datenzugang ; IAB-Beschäftigtenhistorik ; IAB-Betriebs-Historik-Panel ; Datenfusion ; Querschnittuntersuchung ; Mannheimer Unternehmenspanel verknüpft mit Betriebs-Historik-Panel ; 10.5164/IAB.MUP-BHP1023.de.en.v1 ; 2010-2020 |
| Date: | 2025–05–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabfda:202503(en) |