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on Entrepreneurship |
| By: | Michel Beine; Giovanni Peri; Morgan Raux |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we estimate the effect of increasing the share of foreign-born Master graduates on the creation of innovative start-ups in the US. We combine information on international students graduating from Master's programs by university cohort with data on start-ups created in the US between 1999 and 2020 by graduates of those cohorts. To establish a causal link, we use idiosyncratic variation in out-of-state relative to in-state fees charged by universities across Master's cohorts, resulting in differential foreign students' enrollment. We also use changes in the share of foreign students predicted by a shift-share instrument, based on university-level past networks, as an additional identification strategy. For each additional ten percentage points of foreign students graduating in a Master's cohort, we find 0.4 additional start-ups in that cohort. Then, using a name-based attribution of the origin of creators of start-ups, we find that between 30 and 45% of the total start-up creation effect is attributable to a positive spillover of foreign-born on start-up founders of US origin. |
| JEL: | F22 M13 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33314 |
| By: | Andrea Fazio (Marche Polytechnic University & GLO - Global Labor Organization); Erminia Florio (DEF, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" & HEC Montreal); Gustavo Piga (DEF, University of Rome "Tor Vergata") |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the impact of the Italian Legality Rating (LR) on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in public procurement. The LR, issued by the Italian Antitrust Authority, evaluates firms based on fiscal transparency, anti-corruption practices, corporate responsibility, and sustainability. While larger firms are more likely to obtain higher LR scores, SMEs benefit significantly from holding the certification. Using firm-level data and a Regression Discontinuity Design, we find that the LR increases SMEs’ tender-winning probabilities by 12.9 percentage points, highlighting its role as a strong institutional signal. Our findings emphasize the LR’s potential to enhance SME competitiveness in public procurement. |
| Keywords: | SMEs, Legality Rating, Public Procurement |
| Date: | 2024–12–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rtv:ceisrp:587 |
| By: | Delis, Manthos; Iosifidi, Maria; Pnevmatikos, Lampros; Tsiritakis, Emmanuel |
| Abstract: | Credit negotiations can have real economic implications, especially for small firms that heavily rely on bank credit. We hypothesize and empirically establish through textual analysis that three characteristics reflecting credit negotiations are the time interval from loan application to approval or rejection, the probability of applying to another bank, and the probability of reapplying soon after a rejection. We show that poor and female entrepreneurs negotiate less vigorously, and identify several channels backing these effects, most notably education of loan applicants and firm R&D expenses. We also show how the identified effects influence loan approval and firm performance. |
| Keywords: | Credit negotiations; Small firms; Loan applications; Firm performance |
| JEL: | G0 G02 G2 G21 G30 |
| Date: | 2023–09–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:123003 |
| By: | Rozi Kumari (Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University); A. Ganesh Kumar (Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research); Rajendra Vaidya (Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research) |
| Abstract: | Despite impressive growth performance, empowering women and bridging gender gaps in entrepreneurship remains a key challenge for India. Given the crucial role of finance functioning of businesses, we investigate whether females face disproportionate barriers in seeking and receiving loans. Using nationally representative datasets from the World Banks's World Enterprise survey (WBES) data for 2014 and 2022, we analyse the role of manager's and owner's gender in the loan seeking behaviour and loan approval rate. On the demand side, we find that female managers are less likely to seek loans while female owners are more likely to seek loans. Particularly, female managed firms even with male owners are less likely to seek loans while male managed firms with female owners are more likely to apply for loan. On the supply side, we find that loans of female managed firms are less likely to be approved whereas female owned firms do not have significantly less chances of loan approval. Interestingly, the female owned firms with male managers do not face any significant chance of loan denial but male owned firms with female managers have higher and significant chances of loan denial. Female owned and female managed firms also have lower chances of loan approval. |
| Keywords: | Female, Entrepreneurship, Loans, Heckprobit, India, Discrimination |
| JEL: | J16 L26 G2 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ind:igiwpp:2024-025 |
| By: | Mathieu Le Moal (UM - Université de Montpellier, UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3); Olivier Torrès |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the role of daily recovery experiences and the articulation between life domains on health among farm owners and farm workers. It aims to explore how work-home boundaries and recovery mechanisms, such as psychological detachment, relaxation, and mastery, impact well-being and satisfaction with work-life balance in these distinct populations. Existing literature highlights that farmers, particularly farm owners, face heightened mental health challenges due to blurred boundaries between work and personal life, financial stress, and social isolation. Previous research has extensively examined recovery experiences in other sectors but lacks focus on the agricultural sector, especially among entrepreneurs like farm owners. The study involved a survey of 916 farm owners and 757 farm workers, analyzing key recovery dimensions (psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery, and control) and their correlation with work-home segmentation preferences and well-being. Multiple linear regressions and independent sample tests were conducted to explore these relationships. Farm owners report significantly lower levels of work-home segmentation, psychological detachment, and relaxation compared to farm workers. They also experience lower satisfaction with work-life balance and higher burnout. Recovery experiences positively correlate with higher work-life balance satisfaction, with psychological detachment and relaxation being key predictors. Work-life balance satisfaction also significantly improves well-being and reduces burnout in both groups. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions promoting recovery experiences, particularly for farm owners who struggle with blurred work-life boundaries. Programs focusing on enhancing psychological detachment and relaxation could improve work-life balance and reduce mental health risks in agricultural workers. This study contributes to the understanding of how recovery experiences and work-home boundaries affect health in the agricultural sector. It also provides evidence for the development of tailored mental health interventions for farm owners, addressing their unique recovery challenges. |
| Keywords: | work-life interface recovery experiences health agricultural worker quantitative research entrepreneurs, work-life interface, recovery experiences, health, agricultural worker, quantitative research, entrepreneurs |
| Date: | 2024–11–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04845457 |