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on Entrepreneurship |
| By: | Naudé, Wim (RWTH Aachen University) |
| Abstract: | Entrepreneurship scholarship and policy are based on the myth of firm growth as imperative and the related myth of perpetual economic growth. This paper takes issue with the obsession with this growth myth, discussing the dangers it poses. Green growth and sustainable entrepreneurship are exposed as oxymorons. Given the dangers and the impossibility of perpetual growth, the paper then tries to answer the question of what role entrepreneurship could play in a post-growth society or in degrowth (the proposed approach to get there). The tentative conclusion is that entrepreneurship is incompatible with current visions of post-growth and degrowth. Degrowth and post-growth societies are post-entrepreneurship societies. While seeing how post-growth and degrowth could be made compatible with entrepreneurship is complicated, it does not mean it is impossible. More imagination and attention by entrepreneurship and post-growth scholars on the nature of entrepreneurship beyond growth is required sooner rather than later. Since economic growth is not perpetual, time is running out. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurship, economic growth, capitalism, polycrisis, climate change |
| JEL: | L26 L21 O40 O44 P17 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17158 |
| By: | Görg, Holger (Kiel Institute for the World Economy); Jäkel, Ina C. (Aarhus University) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we investigate whether gender norms and institutions act as a constraint to the performance of female businesses. We exploit novel and unique micro data on start-ups in Denmark, which we combine with information on individual-level characteristics of the entrepreneur as main decision maker of the firm. We overcome the challenge of disentangling norms and institutional biases against women from other constraints and hurdles that female businesses might face by exploiting detailed trade data. In this trade context, we study the relative performance of firms across markets with varying institutions, while controlling for other factors that affect female businesses uniformly across all markets. We provide evidence that gender inequality and institutional biases against women in trade partner countries play an important role in explaining gender differences in export and import behaviour. We also perform an event study of a concrete policy change in a destination market – the introduction of quotas for the share of females on the boards of directors in Norway – and how it has affected the gender gap in trade participation. |
| Keywords: | gender inequality, firm internationalization, start-up performance |
| JEL: | F14 J16 M13 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17123 |
| By: | Vojtĕch Bartŏs; Silvia Castro; Kristina Czura; Timm Opitz; Vojtech Bartos |
| Abstract: | We analyze gender bias in entrepreneurship finance. Access to finance is crucial for entrepreneurial success, yet women are particularly constrained. We structurally unpack whether loan officers evaluate business ideas and implementation constraints differently for male and female entrepreneurs, for both individual entrepreneurs and for entrepreneurial teams. In a lab-in-the-field experiment with Ugandan loan officers, we document gender bias against individual female entrepreneurs, but no bias for entrepreneurial teams. The bias is not driven by animus but by differential beliefs about women’s implementation constraints in running a business. Policies aimed at team formation and alleviating family-related constraints may help to promote equal access to finance, ultimately stimulating growth. |
| Keywords: | gender bias, access to finance, entrepreneurship finance, business evaluations, teams, lab-in-the-field experiment |
| JEL: | C90 D91 G21 J16 L25 L26 O16 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11205 |
| By: | Ahnert, Toni; Timmer, Yannick; Doerr, Sebastian; Pierri, Nicola |
| Abstract: | We study the importance of information technology (IT) in banking for entrepreneurship. Guided by a parsimonious model, we establish that job creation by young rms is stronger in US counties more exposed to banks with greater IT adoption. We present evidence consistent with banks' IT adoption spurring entrepreneurship through a collateral channel: entrepreneurship increases by more in IT-exposed counties when house prices rise. Further analysis suggests that IT improves banks' ability to determine collateral values, in particular when collateral appraisal is more complex. IT also reduces the time and cost of disbursing collateralized loans. JEL Classification: D82, G21, L26 |
| Keywords: | collateral, entrepreneurship, information technology, screening, technology in banking |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20242956 |
| By: | Mark Fenwick; Erik P. M. Vermeulen; Marcelo Corrales Compagnucci |
| Abstract: | Identifying and then implementing an effective response to disruptive new AI technologies is enormously challenging for any business looking to integrate AI into their operations, as well as regulators looking to leverage AI-related innovation as a mechanism for achieving regional economic growth. These business and regulatory challenges are particularly significant given the broad reach of AI, as well as the multiple uncertainties surrounding such technologies and their future development and effects. This article identifies two promising strategies for meeting the AI challenge, focusing on the example of Fintech. First, dynamic regulation, in the form of regulatory sandboxes and other regulatory approaches that aim to provide a space for responsible AI-related innovation. An empirical study provides preliminary evidence to suggest that jurisdictions that adopt a more proactive approach to Fintech regulation can attract greater investment. The second strategy relates to so-called innovation ecosystems. It is argued that such ecosystems are most effective when they afford opportunities for creative partnerships between well-established corporations and AI-focused startups and that this aspect of a successful innovation ecosystem is often overlooked in the existing discussion. The article suggests that these two strategies are interconnected, in that greater investment is an important element in both fostering and signaling a well-functioning innovation ecosystem and that a well-functioning ecosystem will, in turn, attract more funding. The resulting synergies between these strategies can, therefore, provide a jurisdiction with a competitive edge in becoming a regional hub for AI-related activity. |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2407.19439 |
| By: | Kumar A, Ajai; Kumar B, Pradeep |
| Abstract: | Starting with the industry policy resolution of 1956, MSMEs have been given considerable attention in the industrial policies announced in India. Although the Mahalanobis model adopted for the Second Five Year plan emphasized the growth of heavy industries, the small scale and consumer goods industries had been given due consideration. The industrial policy statement of 1977 gave an explicit support to the development of MSMEs in India. The industrial policy of 1980s and the new industrial policy of 1991 had nothing to offer newly to the progress of MSMEs. Nevertheless, in recent times a number of measures have been initiated to boost the MSME sector, and the results of which have been reflected on its growing contribution to India’s GDP, employment generation and exports. |
| Keywords: | MSMEs, Industrial Policy, Five Year Plans, Big Push, Manufacturing, Liberalization |
| JEL: | L60 |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:121481 |
| By: | Grégory Chaudemanche (UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université, NIMEC - Normandie Innovation Marché Entreprise Consommation - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - ULH - Université Le Havre Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - IRIHS - Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Homme et Société - UNIROUEN - Université de Rouen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université) |
| Abstract: | With the aim of responding to the ecological transition and the resulting economic and social transformations (Triple Bottom Line), the recent "low-tech" french movement is emerging, letting see material (products and processes), social and organizational innovations, gradually moving from the association towards entrepreneurship, and displaying a set of key principles that sometimes seem incompatible with the usual business models. What are the characteristics of the low-tech movement and approach? How do they transpose to low-tech entrepreneurship? What are the unexpected innovations implemented? How to scale up? To achieve what viability? The research aims to show the existence of a community, and to question the singularities of entrepreneurial experiences associated with low-tech principles. A cartography of the low-tech movement achieves to represent a community and its interactions. The business models of some low-tech companies are studied and replaced in the sustainable entrepreneurship's field. The results show that the principle of ‘encapacitation', inducing open source hardware or swarming, is the most problematic for integrating an economic system which is rather focused on ownership, individualism and confidentiality. It is actually a paradigm shift that is induced by the movement, for which we offer some potential studies. |
| Abstract: | Dans l'objectif de répondre à la transition écologique et aux transformations économiques et sociales induites (Triple Bottom Line), le mouvement « low-tech » naît et se développe en France, proposant des innovations matérielles, sociales, organisationnelles, passant progressivement du champ associatif à l'entrepreneuriat, et présentant un ensemble de principes clés paraissant parfois incompatibles avec les modèles d'affaires habituels. Quelles sont les caractéristiques du mouvement et de la démarche low-tech ? Comment se transposent-elles à l'entrepreneuriat low-tech ? Quelles sont les innovations paradoxales mises en oeuvre ? Comment passer à l'échelle ? Avec quelle viabilité ? La recherche vise à montrer l'existence d'une communauté, et à interroger les singularités d'expériences entrepreneuriales associées aux principes low-tech. Une cartographie du mouvement low-tech permet de représenter une communauté et ses interactions. Les modèles d'affaires de quelques entreprises low-tech sont étudiés et replacés dans le champ de l'entrepreneuriat soutenable. Les résultats montrent que le principe d'encapacitation, induisant open source hardware ou essaimage, est le plus problématique pour intégrer un système économique plutôt axé sur la propriété, l'individualisme et le secret. C'est en réalité un changement de paradigme qui est induit par le mouvement, pour lequel nous proposons quelques pistes possibles. |
| Keywords: | French low-tech, Business models for sustainability, Transition, Innovation, Low-tech, Modèles d'affaires |
| Date: | 2023–08–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04626257 |