|
on Entrepreneurship |
| By: | Gonzalo Nunez-Chaim; Henry G. Overman; Capucine Riom |
| Abstract: | We evaluate the impact of the UK's Growth Vouchers Programme, which offered subsidised business advice to 15, 207 randomly selected small and medium size enterprises. Using administrative and survey data, we show that the programme increased turnover by 8.2% but only in the short-term and potentially at the expense of non-supported firms. We find that subsidised advice appears to improve firms' capabilities and practices in a way that is consistent with the increase in turnover. We also demonstrate that propensity score matching introduces a sizeable upward bias to estimated effects on turnover and employment and that this bias grows over time. |
| Keywords: | firm performance, enterprise growth, entrepreneurship |
| Date: | 2024–01–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1977&r=ent |
| By: | Federico S. Mandelman; Mehra Mishita; Hewei Shen |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the impact of skilled immigration policy frictions in the United States on technology-intensive firms by age cohorts. We use firm-level data and a general equilibrium model with endogenous firm entry and exit. The empirical results show that skilled immigration policy frictions directly influence young firm dynamics in technology-intensive sectors by affecting firm survival. Our general equilibrium model incorporates skilled foreign labor and immigration policy frictions that mimic the H-1B policy and matches the age distribution of firms in high-technology sectors, showing also that increased entry of younger firms leads to a greater exit of older firms. |
| Keywords: | skilled immigration; start-ups; high-technology firms; firm dynamics |
| JEL: | F22 M13 |
| Date: | 2024–02–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedawp:97726&r=ent |
| By: | Mircea Epure; Victor Martin-Sanchez; Sebastian Aparicio; David Urbano |
| Abstract: | We argue that the positive relationship between pro-market institutions and entrepreneurial growth aspirations is dampened for individuals with general human capital (higher education), but augmented for those with specific human capital (experience in the marketplace). However, during a crisis, the differential effect of pro-market institutions on growth aspirations manifests only for entrepreneurs with specific human capital, with stronger effects than in good economic times. We run our empirical analysis on a dataset of individual- and country-level characteristics during 2005– 2020, thus exploiting variation from the Global Financial Crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic. We confirm our predictions and show stronger results for early stage (compared to nascent) entrepreneurs, and potential complementarities between human capital types. Altogether, our work paves the way to institutional adaptive policymaking. |
| Keywords: | Pro-market institutions; human capital; growth aspirations; entrepreneurship; crisis |
| JEL: | L26 M13 I25 J24 K2 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:upf:upfgen:1875&r=ent |
| By: | Antonio Rafael Ramos-Rodriguez; Jose Aurelio Medina-Garrido; Jose Ruiz-Navarro |
| Abstract: | Purpose: Understanding the formation of entrepreneurial intentions is critical, given that it is the first step in the entrepreneurial process. Although entrepreneurial intention has been extensively studied, little attention has been paid on the intended timing of future entrepreneurial projects. This paper analyses entrepreneurial intentions among final-year university students after graduation in terms of the timeframe to start a business. Potentially rapid entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs-in-waiting were compared using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Methodology: A variance-based structural equation modelling approach was used for the sample of 851 final-year university students with entrepreneurial intentions who participated in GUESSS project. Findings: The results obtained contribute to the understanding of how entrepreneurial intentions are formed, particularly, how intended timing plays a moderating role in the relationships of the variables of the theoretical model of TPB. This study provides empirical evidence that significant differences exist between potential rapid entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs-in-waiting. Practical implications: The findings of this study have practical implications for entrepreneurship education, and they can help policy makers develop more effective policies and programs to promote entrepreneurship. Originality: Intention-based models have traditionally examined the intent -- but not the timing -- of new venture creation. However, the time elapsed between the formation of the entrepreneurial intent and the identification of a business opportunity can vary considerably. Therefore, analysing the moderating role of intended timing could be relevant to entrepreneurial intention research. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2401.13682&r=ent |
| By: | SHIMIZU Hiroshi; WAKUTSU Naohiko |
| Abstract: | How does the existence or absence of employee startups influence the patterns of subsequent technological development? By studying the development of laser diode technology in the U.S. and Japan at both the inventor and organizational levels using the difference-in-differences approach, this study empirically examines the impact of opportunities for startups promoted by SBIR in the U.S. on the technological trajectory of existing technology. According to the estimation results, an increase in employee startups promoted by SBIR could impede the subsequent development of the current technology earlier and cause it to stagnate at a lower level than what could have been achieved with no employee startups (as seen in Japan). This implies that the cumulative effects of technological development could vanish if R&D personnel strategically exit their parent firms to target different submarkets. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:24012&r=ent |
| By: | Antonio Rafael Ramos-Rodriguez; Salustiano Martinez-Fierro; Jose Aurelio Medina-Garrido; Jose Ruiz-Navarro |
| Abstract: | In the past 15 years, two international observatories have been intensively studying entrepreneurship using empirical studies with different methodologies: GEM and PSED. Both projects have generated a considerable volume of scientific production, and their intellectual structures are worth analyzing. The current work is an exploratory study of the knowledge base of the articles generated by each of these two observatories and published in prestigious journals. The value added of this work lies in its novel characterization of the intellectual structure of entrepreneurship according to the academic production of these two initiatives. The results may be of interest to the managers and members of these observatories, as well as to academics, researchers, sponsors and policymakers interested in entrepreneurship. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2401.13684&r=ent |
| By: | Antonio Rafael Ramos-Rodriguez; Jose Aurelio Medina-Garrido; Jose Ruiz-Navarro |
| Abstract: | The objective of this work is to assess the influence of certain factors on the likelihood of being a Hotels and Restaurants (H&R) entrepreneur. The factors evaluated are demographic and economic variables, variables related to perceptions of the environment and personal traits, and variables measuring the individual's intellectual and social capital. The work uses logistic regression techniques to analyze a sample of 33, 711 individuals in the countries participating in the GEM project in 2008. The findings show that age, gender, income, perception of opportunities, fear of failure, entrepreneurial ability, knowing other entrepreneurs and being a business angel are explanatory factors of the probability of being an H&R entrepreneur. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2401.13685&r=ent |
| By: | Bénédicte Aldebert (CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon); Rani Jeanne Dang (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Amandine Maus (AMU - Aix Marseille Université, CERGAM - Centre d'Études et de Recherche en Gestion d'Aix-Marseille - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - UTLN - Université de Toulon) |
| Abstract: | We often talk about David versus Goliath when referring to the relationships between startups and large corporations. Yet David and Goliath find mutual benefits in working together, as evidenced by the continuous growth of startup-large corporation alliances, 87% in 2019 compared to 79% in 2017 (according to Raise and Bain & Company, 2019). The innovative capacity of startups, combined with their speed of execution, indeed prove to be significant assets for large corporations, while the latter provide financial, material, and brand support for the startup. The strategic, technological, and economic interests in terms of innovation have been quite extensively studied in the literature, but not from the perspective of the transfer of legitimacy from one to the other of these two types of companies |
| Abstract: | On parle souvent de David contre Goliath lorsque l'on fait référence aux relations qu'entretiennent les startup et les grandes entreprises (GE). Pourtant David et Goliath trouvent des avantages mutuels à travailler ensemble à en croire la progression continue des alliances startup-GE, 87% en 2019 contre 79% en 2017 (selon Raise et Bain & Company, 2019). La capacité d'innovation des startups, couplée à leur rapidité d'exécution se révèlent en effet être des atouts de taille pour les grandes entreprises tandis que les grandes entreprises apportent des soutiens financiers, matériel et de notoriété pour la startup. Les intérêts stratégiques, technologiques et économiques en termes d'innovation ont été assez largement étudiés dans la littérature, mais pas sous l'angle du transfert de légitimité de l'une à l'autre de ces deux entreprises. Notre recherche vise donc à mieux comprendre les relations entre startup deeptech et grandes entreprises sous l'angle de la légitimité. Nous nous intéresserons ainsi à des startups particulières, les deeptech, considérées comme garantes de l'avenir et du rayonnement de la performance économique française. Une étude de cas, portant attention aux mécanismes de légitimation comme levier du transfert de légitimité, est réalisée pour comparer les apports de ces organisations à leur partenaire. Une contribution de ce travail est d'adapter le cadre théorique de la légitimité à une compréhension plus approfondie du management de l'innovation dans la relation startup-grande entreprise. |
| Keywords: | Transfert de légitimité, Legitimité, Start-up deeptech, Grand groupe |
| Date: | 2023–10–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04390033&r=ent |
| By: | Kay, Rosemarie |
| Abstract: | Obwohl die Anzahl der weiblichen Selbstständigen über die letzten Jahrzehnte stärker gestiegen ist als die der männlichen, ist weiterhin eine deutliche Unterrepräsentanz von Frauen im Unternehmertum zu beobachten. Die Selbstständigkeitsneigung von Frauen verharrt nicht nur in Deutschland seit langem auf einem deutlich niedrigeren Niveau als die der Männer. Gleichwohl bestehen in dieser Hinsicht auch innerhalb Deutschlands deutliche Unterschiede, denen es sich weiter nachzugehen lohnt. Der Gender Gap tut sich bereits zu Beginn des unternehmerischen Prozesses auf - Frauen entwickeln deutlich seltener als Männer ein Gründungsinteresse. In späteren Phasen geht die Schere kaum noch weiter auseinander. Deswegen müssten sich Maßnahmen zum Abbau der Unterrepräsentanz vorrangig auf die Stimulie-rung eines Gründungsinteresses von Frauen richten. |
| Abstract: | Although the number of self-employed women has increased more than men in recent decades, there is still a clear under-representation of women in entrepreneurship. The propensity of women to become self-employed has long remained at a significantly lower level than that of men, and not only in Germany. Nevertheless, there are also clear differences within Germany, which are worth investigating further. The gender gap is already apparent at the beginning of the entrepreneurial process - women are significantly less likely to develop an interest in starting a business than men. In later phases, the gap hardly widens any further. Therefore, measures to reduce the under-representation of women should primarily focus on stimulating an interest in starting a business. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurship, gender gap, Germany, Unternehmertum, Geschlechterunterschiede, Deutschland |
| JEL: | J16 L26 M13 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifmduf:281760&r=ent |