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on Entrepreneurship |
| By: | Emiliano Alzate (University of Barcelona, Faculty of Economics and Business.); Oscar Claveria (AQR-IREA, Department of Econometrics and Statistics, University of Barcelona. +34-934021825 Diagonal 690, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.) |
| Abstract: | We propose a new approach for the visual inspection of the dynamic interplay between several determinants of entrepreneurship and other socioeconomic variables. We focused on the evolution of these variables in 23 countries from 2010 to 2020. First, we ranked the countries according to their growth during the sample period. Second, we clustered the different states by means of a dimensionality-reduction technique that enabled synthesising the ordinal information of the rankings into two dimensions. Finally, countries were projected into a perceptual map according to their scores in both dimensions. We replicated the analysis both for 2020 and for the growth observed during the decade. In both cases, we observed two clusters of countries that roughly correspond to European and Latin American economies. Angola obtained top scores in the two dimensions both in 2020 and during the decade. Regarding the interactions among variables, for 2020 we observed that early-stage entrepreneurship shows a negative association with access to financing and human development. During the decade, we observed a positive link between early-stage entrepreneurship and market dynamism, which in turn showed no connection with human development. These findings somehow suggest that the relative importance of the determinants of entrepreneurship evolved throughout the decade. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship; National-level determinants; Institutional environment; Human development; Inequality; Multivariate analysis. JEL classification: L26; L53; O43; C38. |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:202318&r=ent |
| By: | Adu-Gyamfi, Richard; Kuada, John; Asongu, Simplice |
| Abstract: | It is a well-established practice of many Sub-Sahara African (SSA) governments to aid entrepreneurs within both the formal and informal sectors in order to enhance their performance and growth. Unfortunately, there is no agreed method by which governments can differentiate between entrepreneurs and target them with the appropriate promotion policies. Thus, despite the good intentions, entrepreneurship policy initiatives have been incorrectly targeted, poorly implemented and without the desired results, since different entrepreneurs may require different forms of assistance. Some scholars have suggested that without a context-specific classificatory guide, policymakers are unlikely to be accurate in their assessment of the growth capabilities of prospective candidates for specific promotion initiatives and this can explain some of the policy failures. This observation has motivated the present paper. Our objective is to provide a framework that helps identify the different contextual dimensions influencing formal and informal enterprise creation processes in SSA. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurship; formal; informal; Africa |
| JEL: | O1 O55 |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119062&r=ent |
| By: | Simplice A. Asongu (Yaoundé, Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | This study examines how the starting of business by females can be promoted by assessing critical levels of microfinance institutions (MFIs) penetration that policy makers must endeavour to maintain and/or attain in order for female unemployment not to represent a constraint in the doing of business. A constraint in doing business is understood in terms of the procedure that a woman has to go through in order to start a business. The focus of the study is on 44 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for the period 2004-2018, while the empirical evidence is based on interactive quantile regressions. The following findings are established. The validity of tested hypotheses is exclusively apparent in the lowest and highest quantiles of the conditional distribution of the procedure women have to go through to start a business. MFI penetration levels needed to reverse the unfavorable incidence of female unemployment in doing business are provided. These are minimum MFIs penetration thresholds that are required in order for female unemployment not to negatively affect the procedure that a woman should go through to start a business. The study complements the extant literature by assessing critical microfinance penetration levels that are needed to promote female doing of business, contingent on existing levels of female doing of business. |
| Keywords: | Africa; Microfinance; Gender; Inclusive development |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aak:wpaper:23/014&r=ent |
| By: | Narges Ramezani; Erfan Mohammadi |
| Abstract: | The biotechnology industry presents challenges for startups and small companies due to high costs and complex regulations but also offers opportunities for innovation and growth. Effective strategies for managing biotechnology innovation include partnerships, intellectual property development, digital technologies, customer engagement, and government funding. This paper explores these strategies and highlights the importance of agility and niche focus for success in the industry. By adopting these strategies, startups and small companies can compete in this dynamic and rapidly evolving field. |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2311.08671&r=ent |
| By: | Sawada, Yasuyuki (University of Tokyo); Elhan-Kayalar, Yesim (Asian Development Bank); Shum, Matthew (California Institute of Technology); Xu, Daniel Yi (Duke University) |
| Abstract: | Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) are recognized as crucial drivers of economic development, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The advent of digital platforms, characterized by economies of scale and significant cross-network externalities in two-sided markets, has brought about unprecedented changes to people’s daily lives, employment, businesses, and markets. These transformations have unlocked opportunities for MSMEs. In this paper, we analyze the dynamics of e-commerce and how they unfolded during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, using a unique, composite dataset focusing on GoFood merchants in Indonesia. This paper makes a notable contribution by expanding the analysis of the platform efficiency contributions into static efficiency and dynamic efficiency perspectives. Our analysis reveals three key findings. First, online platforms like Gojek offered a novel form of social safety nets for MSMEs. Second, as the COVID-19 pandemic intensified, we observed market congestion externalities and cannibalization tendencies. Third, women- and men-owned businesses opted for different crisis-mitigation and coping strategies. Vulnerable microenterprises, often owned by women merchants with limited support networks and business assets, were disproportionately affected by the pandemic. Overall, our study demonstrates that the rapid acceleration of digital transformation during the COVID-19 pandemic presents unique research opportunities on distributive justice, external effects, and scale economies, as well as related competition policies |
| Keywords: | digital platform; distributive justice; e-commerce; platform economies; MSMEs; scale economies; two-sided network externalities; competition policy; COVID-19 pandemic |
| JEL: | D22 D63 L25 L26 |
| Date: | 2023–11–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0703&r=ent |