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on Entrepreneurship |
| By: | Lee, Jun Yeong (Iowa State University); Winters, John V. (Iowa State University) |
| Abstract: | Immigrant entrepreneurs are critical to regional and national economies. Immigrants in the USA have higher self-employment rates than natives, and immigrants have made outsized contributions as founders of numerous highly successful firms. However, we document that immigrant self-employment rates vary considerably across areas of the USA. Our main measure is the percentage of immigrant workers in an area who are self-employed; i.e., the self- employment rate for the foreign-born. Areas with colder winter temperatures have especially low self-employment rates among their immigrant populations compared to other areas of the USA. This relationship holds for numerous sub-samples of immigrants and is not driven by any particular group. The relationship persists after controlling for numerous individual and local area characteristics. Immigrant entrepreneurs appear to be especially forward-looking and responsive to warmer January temperature as a locational amenity. The results have important implications about the location choices of immigrant entrepreneurs. |
| Keywords: | self-employment, entrepreneurship, immigrants, amenities, temperature |
| JEL: | J61 L26 R23 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14941&r= |
| By: | Tijl Hendrich (CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis); Jennifer Olsen (CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis); Judith Bayer |
| Abstract: | If new businesses and establishments are more closely related to economic activities taking place in a region, is this associated with higher regional growth a few years later? In this paper, we investigate the relationship between this 'relatedness' of newcomers and growth in employment and labor productivity in Dutch regions. While we find a positive correlation with regional employment growth, its economic magnitude is small. It is known that new companies can stimulate growth through creative destruction: they push existing less productive companies out of the market or force them to produce more efficiently. New companies can also create knowledge spillovers by introducing new ideas or techniques that disseminate on a local scale. The current research examines these two aspects in conjunction. We consider two industries to be related when their employees possess similar skills. It will then be easier for employees to switch jobs and transfer knowledge between these two sectors. |
| JEL: | L26 M13 O18 R11 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpb:discus:433&r= |
| By: | Adri Du Toit (North-West University/Institute, Potchefstroom, South Africa) |
| Abstract: | The value created for individuals and communities through social entrepreneurship is increasingly reported in research. Still, the perception that the purpose of entrepreneurship is only for individual or economic gain persists. This narrow perception needs to be expanded to include recognition of social entrepreneurship as a distinctive form of entrepreneurship, together with its broader purpose and the numerous benefits associated with it. The value-creation purpose of social entrepreneurship education can ameliorate numerous socio-economic problems experienced in many communities across the globe. In Africa, where similar problems are profuse, the need for social entrepreneurship is mounting. Therefore, the current conceptual paper explored how the African philosophy of ubuntu can contribute to a broader understanding of the value that social entrepreneurship can create for individuals and their communities. One approach to expand general perceptions is to disseminate knowledge and understanding in this regard, using entrepreneurial education. Gert Biesta's theory on educational purpose, focusing on qualification, socialization, and subjectification, was utilized as a framework to analyze and compare the purpose of social entrepreneurship and ubuntu for entrepreneurial education. Subsequently, recommendations were formulated for including and expanding purposeful learning for social entrepreneurship as part of entrepreneurial education in Africa. |
| Keywords: | entrepreneurial education, purposeful education, qualification, social entrepreneurship, socialization, subjectification, ubuntu |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:lpaper:0116&r= |
| By: | Christopher F. Baum; Arash Kordestani; Dorothea Schäfer; Andreas Stephan |
| Abstract: | We examine whether the financial strength of companies, in particular, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is causally linked to the award of a public procurement contract (PP), especially in the environmentally friendly “green” area (GPP). For this purpose, we build a combined procurement company data set from the Tenders Electronic Daily (TED) and the SME database AMADEUS, which includes ten European countries. First, we apply probit models to investigate whether the probability of winning the public tender depends on the company's financial strength. We then use the Flexpanel DiD approach to investigate the question of whether the award has an impact on the future financial strength of the successful company. On the one hand, we find that a lower equity ratio and a higher short-term debt ratio increase the probability of being successful in a public tender. On the other hand, the success means that the companies can continue to work after the award with a lower equity ratio than comparable companies without an award, regardless of whether the company was successful in a traditional or a “green” public tender. We conclude from this that the success in a PP is a substitute for one's own financial strength and thus facilitates access to external financing. The estimation results differ depending on whether public procurement in general or the sub-group of “green” public procurement is examined. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Finance, Public Procurement, Green Public Procurement, Small and Medium-sized Companies, Innovation, Financial constraints |
| JEL: | G30 Q56 Q01 O16 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp1984&r= |
| By: | Andrea Bellucci (University of Insubria); Serena Fatica; Aliki Georgakaki; Gianluca Gucciardi (UniCredit Bank); Simon Letout; Francesco Pasimeni (IRENA – International Renewable Energy Agency) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the role of green innovation in attracting venture capital (VC) financing. We use a unique dataset that matches information on VC transactions, companies' balance sheet variables and data on patented innovation at the firm level over the period 2008-2017. Taking advance of a novel granular definition of green innovative activities that tracks patents at the firm level, we show that green innovators are more likely to receive VC funding than firms without green patents. Likewise, a larger share of green vs. non-green patents in a firm's portfolio increases the probability of receiving VC finance. Robustness checks and extensions tackling several dimensions of heterogeneity corroborate the view that green patenting is an important driver of VC funding. |
| Keywords: | Venture capital, Green ventures, Patents, Green technology |
| JEL: | G24 M13 M21 O35 Q55 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anc:wmofir:171&r= |
| By: | Mauricio Camargo (ERPI - Equipe de Recherche sur les Processus Innovatifs - UL - Université de Lorraine); Laure Morel (ERPI - Equipe de Recherche sur les Processus Innovatifs - UL - Université de Lorraine); Pascal Lhoste (ERPI - Equipe de Recherche sur les Processus Innovatifs - UL - Université de Lorraine) |
| Abstract: | Regarding SMEs' relationship with R&D and technology, university technology transfer (UTT) programs have evolved in recent years toward approaches that are more focused on a systemic and continuous exchange between firms, university departments, and R&D centers. Financial support such as innovation vouchers and open initiatives has been applied for a few years, and only recently have research works analyzed the impacts of these programs on the innovative capabilities of SMEs. Existing studies are based on short-term analysis, but there are no studies on the medium- or long-term influence of innovation vouchers on firms' innovation capabilities. This chapter aims to contribute to this topic through a longitudinal exploratory study of two SMEs in eastern France. It puts forward an original modular program proposed by an engineering school at the University of Lorraine, where groups of students participate throughout the academic year in innovation-related projects. Empirical evidence shows that this type of project has positive impacts on firms' innovative capabilities, but also fosters the analytical skills and self-directed learning capabilities of students. |
| Keywords: | UTT,SMEs Innovation capabilities,Open innovation,Innovation vouchers,Problem-based learning |
| Date: | 2021–02–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03140931&r= |