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on Entrepreneurship |
| By: | Roskruge, Matthew (University of Waikato); Poot, Jacques (University of Waikato); King, Laura (University of Waikato) |
| Abstract: | Both migrant entrepreneurship and social capital are topics which have attracted a great deal of attention. However, relatively little econometric analysis has been done on their interrelationship. In this paper we first consider the relationship between social capital and the prevalence of entrepreneurship. We also investigate the relationship between social capital and the living standards of entrepreneurs. In both cases we ask whether these interrelationships differ between migrants and comparable native‐born people. We utilize unit record data from the pooled 2008, 2010 and 2012 New Zealand General Social Surveys (NZGSS). The combined sample consists of 15,541 individuals who are in the labour force. Entrepreneurs are defined as those in the sample who obtained income from self‐employment or from owning a business. Social capital is proxied by responses to questions on social networks, volunteering and sense of community. The economic standard of living is measured by either personal income or by an Economic Living Standards Index (ELSI) score developed by the New Zealand Ministry of Social Development. We find significant differences between migrants and the native born in terms of the attributes of social capital that are correlated with entrepreneurship, but volunteering matters equally for both groups. The positive association between social capital attributes and ELSI scores is similar between migrant and natives. Social capital contributes little to explaining incomes of either group. |
| Keywords: | migration, social capital, entrepreneurship, income, standard of living |
| JEL: | F22 J15 L26 Z13 |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp9874&r=ent |
| By: | Uwe Cantner (School of Economics and Business Administration, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena); Tina Wolf (University of Southern Denmark, Odense) |
| Abstract: | At least since Schumpeter published his work 'The Theory of Economic Development' (1912), a wide body of literature has focused on the evolutionary process behind firm growth and survival. Recently a growing interest is devoted to the variable 'location' as a critical factor, shaping firm performance. However, less attention has been paid to the region-specific characteristics that may play a relevant role in determining the growth and survival of a firm. Some works see university-based knowledge spillovers as one such factor (Audretsch and Lehmann 2005, Cassia et al. 2009). This paper extends this approach to the regional innovator network, promoting region-specific knowledge spillovers. Two data bases are applied. First, patent data delivers the innovator network for Thuringia. The second data base contains firm specific information on innovative ventures founded in Thuringia in the period between 1990 and 2006. The results show that the firm's individual probability to be innovative and connected to the innovator network positively influences the chances of this firm to survive. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, Entrepreneurship, Networks, Inventor, Patents, Survival |
| JEL: | L26 D85 P25 O31 |
| Date: | 2016–04–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrp:jrpwrp:2016-006&r=ent |
| By: | McDowell, Donald |
| Abstract: | What does it take to be an entrepreneur? The answer to this question has been debated and discussed for centuries. Entrepreneurship programs and courses are taught throughout many secondary and post-secondary educational institutions in this nation. There are also many entrepreneur centers engaged in on-going research and activities. However, most of the information collected and published has been overly theoretical and academic in nature with limited practical application. Unlike quantitative methods of research, like a survey, which focuses on the questions of who, what, where, how much, and how many, and historical analysis, which often situates the participant in some form of historical context, case studies are the preferred strategy when how or why questions are asked. Case studies also extend experience or add strength to what is already known through previous research. Thus, the results from a survey of entrepreneurs operating in North Carolina will be augmented and compared with selected case studies. Thus, the case studies will focus not only on how entrepreneurs survive but more specifically it address and identifies, more in-depth; the institutional, personal, social, and economic factors that can both positively or negatively impact entrepreneurs. Moreover, we can also make an assessment of how much is real and how much is perceived perception of the entrepreneurs. |
| Keywords: | Entreprenuer, Logistic Regression, Case Study, Economic Development, Descriptive Analysis, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, O and R, |
| Date: | 2016–01–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea16:230125&r=ent |
| By: | Yoshino, Naoyuki (Asian Development Bank Institute); Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad (Asian Development Bank Institute) |
| Abstract: | Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of the Asian economy. They make up more than 98% of all Asian businesses that provide two out of three private sector jobs in the region. Therefore, it is vitally important for Asia’s economic success to have fully functioning support measures for SMEs. However, SMEs face challenges from limited access to finance, lack of databases, low R&D expenditures, undeveloped sales channels, and low levels of financial inclusion, which are some of the reasons behind the slow growth of SMEs. This paper focuses on four major reasons that slowed the SME growth in Asia including i) lack of finance, ii) lack of comprehensive databases, iii) low level of R&D expenditures, and iv) insufficient use of information technology and provides remedies for mitigating them. |
| Keywords: | SME databases; financial inclusion; SME investment; R&D expenditure |
| JEL: | G21 G24 G32 |
| Date: | 2016–04–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbiwp:0564&r=ent |
| By: | Dina Mohamed Khaled Mansour (University of Porto); Hortênsia Maria da Silva Gouveia Barandas (University of Porto) |
| Abstract: | The growing proliferation of online content and the importance of being found online has inspired practitioners to purposefully develop and target this content until the content marketing concept was born. Technical entrepreneurs who run IT startups without business training can incorporate content marketing into their online marketing plans as they acquire self-taught business management skills. Through an exploratory multiple case study approach, the nature of online marketing activities performed in a group of ten IT startups in Portugal and Egypt is examined, in addition to the familiarity of the concept of content marketing and the key challenges faced. Results demonstrate that even though technical entrepreneurs are heavily oriented towards technology and tend to ignore marketing, they are capable of capitalizing on their challenges and can perform online and content marketing within financial and business knowledge constraints. The study advances the incumbent knowledge about IT startups and the way technical entrepreneurs view and conduct marketing. More importantly the study addresses content marketing as an empirically tested concept. |
| Keywords: | Content marketing, IT startups, Technical entrepreneurs, Multiple case studies, Portugal, Egypt. |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pad:wpaper:0204&r=ent |