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on Entrepreneurship |
| By: | Martin Binder (Bard College, Berlin, Platanenstr, 24, 13156 Berlin, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Economics, Evolutionary Economics Group, Kahlaische Str.10, 07745 Jena, Germany; SPRU - Science Policy Research Unit, University of Susex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9SL, UK); Alex Coad (SPRU - Science Policy Research Unit, University of Susex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9SL, UK; RATIO, P.O. box 3203, SE-10364 Stockhold, Sweden; Department of Business and Management, Aalborg University, Fibigerstaede 4, 9220 Aalborg O, DK.) |
| Date: | 2014–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sru:ssewps:2014-17&r=ent |
| By: | Marco Vivarelli (DISCE, Università Cattolica) |
| Abstract: | This paper is intended to provide an updated discussion on a series of issues that the relevant literature suggests to be crucial in dealing with the challenges a middle income country may encounter in its attempts to further catch-up a higher income status. In particular, the conventional economic wisdom – ranging from the Lewis-Kuznets model to the endogenous growth approach– will be contrasted with the Schumpeterian and evolutionary views pointing to the role of capabilities and knowledge, considered as key inputs to foster economic growth. Then, attention will be turned to structural change and innovation, trying to map – using the taxonomies put forward by the innovation literature – the concrete ways through which a middle income country can engage a technological catching-up, having in mind that developing countries are deeply involved into globalized markets where domestic innovation has to be complemented by the role played by international technological transfer. Among the ways how a middle income country can foster domestic innovation and structural change in terms of sectoral diversification and product differentiation, a recent stream of literature underscores the potentials of local innovative entrepreneurship, that will also be discussed bridging entrepreneurial studies with the development literature. Finally, the possible consequences of catching-up in terms of jobs and skills will be discussed. |
| Keywords: | catching-up, structural change, globalization, capabilities, innovation, entrepreneurship. |
| JEL: | O14 O33 |
| Date: | 2014–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctc:serie2:dises1403&r=ent |
| By: | Zeting LIU (Lab.RII, ULCO/Clersé-UMR8019, Université Lille Nord de France, RRI); Blandine LAPERCHE (Lab.RII, ULCO/Clersé-UMR8019, Université Lille Nord de France, RRI) |
| Abstract: | This paper focuses on French SMEs and studies their main characteristics regarding knowledge-capital formation and valorisation. We put forward what we may call a “French Paradox”, expressed by a quite important effort in terms of R&D investments and poor results in terms of innovation as measured by traditional indicators (patents). How can we explain this paradox? To answer this question, we study their strategy of knowledge-capital building (through absorptive capacity and open innovation) and valorisation (the way they transform their accumulated knowledge into innovations). We show that apart from the structural characteristics of SMEs (forms of innovation, use of IPRs, etc.), one important reason to their weak performances in terms of innovation lies in their integration within innovation networks dominated by large companies. The valorisation of SMEs’ knowledge capital (through patents and the diffusion of innovations) is thus not always achieved by the SMEs themselves but by the larger company, enriched by the specific knowledge of these SMEs. |
| Keywords: | Knowledge-capital, absorptive capacity, open innovation, SMEs, France |
| JEL: | O31 O34 L11 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rii:rridoc:39&r=ent |
| By: | George Norman; Lynne Pepall; Dan Richards |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the role of patent policy in a spatial model of sequential innovation. Initial entrepreneurs develop a new product market and anticipate that subsequent innovation may lead to a product line that consumers value more highly. The likelihood of sequential innovation increases with the number of initial early entrants in the market. Patent protection that encourages early entry can therefore raise the probability of both initial and subsequent innovation. We determine the optimal patent breadth as a function of key industry characteristics of both consumer taste and the new technology. |
| Keywords: | sequential innovation, patent policy, entry |
| JEL: | L5 O25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tuf:tuftec:0786&r=ent |