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on Energy Economics |
| By: | Antonio Gutiérrez-Lythgoe (University of Zaragoza); José María Labeaga (Institute of Employment, Digital Society and Sustainability (IEDIS)); José Alberto Molina (Departamento de Análisis Económico, Universidad de Zaragoza) |
| Abstract: | Energy price shocks pose complex challenges for climate policy, combining efficiency concerns with distributional tensions. We develop a micro-founded method to estimate the behavioral and environmental effects of energy price changes, combining household expenditure microdata, a structural demand system (EASI), and supply-use tables with production-based GHG inventories. The approach enables consistent attribution of emissions to household demand and captures heterogeneous responses across income groups. Applying the method to a national case study, we simulate price shocks in electricity, heating, and transport fuels. Results reveal asymmetrical and regressive impacts, especially for essential goods with low price elasticity. Emission effects are highly dependent on substitution patterns, with some shocks triggering rebound effects. A lump-sum transfer mitigates welfare losses for electricity and heating, but not for fuels. Comparing predicted and observed aggregate responses during recent crises highlights the limits of elasticity-based instruments in practice. Our findings underscore the need for flexible, context-sensitive compensation mechanisms in carbon pricing design and illustrate a transferable method applicable across national settings. |
| Keywords: | Energy prices, Distributional effects, Carbon pricing, VAT, Household welfare, EASI demand system |
| JEL: | D12 D63 H23 Q52 Q41 C52 |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:bocoec:1091 |
| By: | Adeline Gu\'eret; Wolf-Peter Schill; Felix Schmidt |
| Abstract: | Prosumer households that generate and store electricity from rooftop PV installations play an increasing role in electricity markets around the world. As retail tariffs usually do not convey time-varying wholesale price signals to households and the rollout of smart meters is low in many countries, prosumers do not necessarily self-consume and feed-in solar electricity in a system-friendly way. The effects of such system-blind behaviours are typically neglected in energy system models, which rarely account for prosumers. In this paper, we embed a calibrated self-generation constraint into a linear capacity expansion model to approximate the incentives of prosumers to minimise their electricity bills. We apply our method to a German case study for 2030 featuring sector coupling with battery electric vehicles. We show that parametrising the self-generation constraint such that the prosumer electricity bill is as low as possible approximates prosumer decisions well for a broad range of tariff schemes. Based on this, we quantify distortions that might arise in energy models that do not account for prosumers. For our case study, we find that the optimal battery storage capacity increases by up to 200% if prosumer constraints are included. The main driver is the imperfect substitutability between home and utility-scale batteries. We conclude that energy system models could benefit from implementing this straightforward method. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.14186 |
| By: | SHIGERU MATSUMOTO (Aoyama Gakuin University) |
| Abstract: | Households utilize various forms of energy, such as electricity, gas, and liquid fuels, for different purposes. While these energy types are not entirely interchangeable, they can be substituted to some extent. For instance, electricity is essential for watching television, but gas can also be used for cooking. Therefore, households with different energy combinations are expected to react differently to changes in energy prices. Nevertheless, previous studies have estimated the price elasticity of energy demand without paying sufficient attention to the energy combinations of households. A limited number of studies have utilized household-level microdata to analyze price and cross-price elasticities among households with varying energy combinations (Labandeira et al., Energy Policy 2017; Mubiinzi et al., Energy Reports 2024). While the substitutability between electricity and gas has been explored to some degree in research by Baker et al. (Economic Journal 1989), Baker and Blundell (Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 1991), Metcalf and Hassett (Review of Economics and Statistics, 1999), and Alberini (Energy Economics, 2011), the role of liquid fuels has not been examined. Given that liquid fuels are utilized in certain countries, particularly for heating during winter months, it is crucial to investigate both the substitutability of liquid fuels and the interplay between electricity and gas.In this study, we examined how households utilizing various energy combinations react to fluctuations in energy prices by analyzing household energy usage data sourced from the Japanese Ministry of the Environment. We categorized households into six distinct types based on their consumption of electricity, city gas, LP gas, and kerosene. Then, we estimated the price elasticity of energy demand for these six household types using a seemingly unrelated regression model. The results of the estimation are presented in the table below. It illustrates that the price elasticity of energy demand decreases as the variety of energy sources utilized increases. For instance, the price elasticity of electricity for households relying solely on electricity is -0.942, whereas for those using both electricity and city gas, it decreases to -0.772. This implies that households with access to multiple energy sources tend to use electricity primarily for indispensable energy services, making it challenging for them to reduce their electricity consumption. |
| Keywords: | Microdata, Multiple energy use, Price elasticities, Seemingly Unrelated Regression |
| JEL: | Q41 D19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:14916582 |
| By: | Kimberly A. Clausing (Peterson Institute for International Economics); Joseph Aldy (Harvard University); Dustin Tingley (Harvard University); Catherine Wolfram (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) |
| Abstract: | We explore the future of global climate cooperation in light of US withdrawal from global climate agreements and the reversal of US federal climate policy. At present, the free-rider problem hampers global collective action; the world needs better mechanisms to incentivize bolder climate policy. Toward this end, we suggest a heavy industry climate coalition. Countries would “join†the coalition by committing to apply a carbon fee (or an equivalent emissions trading system) to emissions-heavy industries, and they would couple that fee with a carbon border adjustment mechanism. We suggest a tiered pricing approach that would be sensitive to countries’ economic development levels to broaden coalition participation. The coalition would pair the carbon-pricing mechanism with other inducements for members, including market access, climate finance commitments, and technology transfer agreements. We estimate that a heavy industry climate coalition has the potential to reduce worldwide emissions substantially, acting as a stepping stone for further international climate cooperation. |
| Keywords: | Climate Policy, Carbon Pricing, Climate Cooperation, Carbon Border Adjustments, Decarbonization |
| JEL: | F18 H23 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iie:wpaper:wp25-16 |
| By: | Ezeofor, Vivian Kaife |
| Abstract: | This article critically evaluates the role of biofuels in supporting global efforts to meet the climate mitigation goals outlined under the parties agreement. Considering that fossil fuels dramatically contributes to greenhouse gas emissions which exacerbates climate change, biofuels are a renewable and sustainable alternative. Although biofuels in itself, are not entirely precluded from environmental concerns, they remain essential in achieving emission reduction and promoting energy security. This article expatiates on the environmental benefits of biofuels and juxtaposes the technological challenges of scaling up biofuel production. It further explores the varying classification, production processes and raw materials utilized in the generation of biofuels and contends that third generation biofuels derived from microalgae is the most eco-friendly option. This Article also discusses the voluntary nature of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and how biofuels in integrated in climate strategies. It arrives at the conclusion that biofuels are significant in meeting emissions target and aligning with the global temperature goals of the Paris Agreement. |
| Date: | 2025–07–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:7k8r5_v1 |
| By: | Malla, Sunil; Timilsina, Govinda R.; Heger, Martin |
| Abstract: | The residential sector is one of the main consumers of energy in Nepal, with cooking being a major end-use. Unprocessed solid biomass fuels are the primary cooking fuels, with approximately 60% of households relying on them for their cooking needs. However, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is entirely imported, is being widely adopted in urban areas. Electricity, which is primarily based on hydropower, a clean domestic energy source, has been used for cooking in less than one percent of households. This paper examines the cost economics of alternative technologies and fuels or their combinations for household cooking across different topographical regions in Nepal from both private and social perspectives. It finds electricity, on average, cheaper than fossil fuels but costlier than biomass fuels from a private perspective. If the costs of local air pollutants, particularly PM2.5, are considered, electricity would be the cheapest option for cooking, except for biogas, which also has minimal external costs. The study also attempts to explore the wider economic benefits of substituting imported LPG with domestic hydropower for household cooking. |
| Date: | 2025–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11157 |
| By: | von Ditfurth, Jakob; Rausch, Sebastian |
| Abstract: | We study Germany's photovoltaic (PV) subsidy program, estimating a dynamic model of new technology adoption which accounts for heterogeneity in residential ownership structures. We find that homeowner and landlord investors heavily discount future benefits, highlighting the suboptimality of the feed-in tariff structure and the inefficient use of government funds. The high administrative costs associated with tenant electricity contracts strongly discourage landlords from investing in new energy technologies. Our analysis suggests that policy design should prioritize upfront investment subsidies over feed-in tariffs to promote renewable energy adoption. Reducing administrative costs associated with tenant electricity programs is key to unlock investments by landlords and expand tenants' access to solar energy, thereby enhancing cost-effectiveness. |
| Keywords: | Renewable Energy, Subsidies, Germany, Households, Undervaluation, Cost-Effectiveness |
| JEL: | C51 D15 Q48 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:319889 |
| By: | Hassan Raad (LIU - Lebanese International University, LTeN - Laboratoire de Thermique et d’Energie de Nantes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Univ - EPUN - Nantes Université - Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université); Samer Ali (LGCgE - Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement (LGCgE) - ULR 4515 - UA - Université d'Artois - Université de Lille - IMT Lille Douai - Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - JUNIA - JUNIA - UCL - Université catholique de Lille); Jalal Faraj (LIU - Lebanese International University, BIU - International University of Beirut); Cathy Castelain (LTeN - Laboratoire de Thermique et d’Energie de Nantes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Nantes Univ - EPUN - Nantes Université - Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes - Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie - Nantes Univ - Nantes Université); Khaled Chahine (LIU - Lebanese International University, American University of The Middle East [Eqaila]); Mahmoud Khaled (LIU - Lebanese International University, BIU - International University of Beirut) |
| Abstract: | The pressing need for more effective solar technology is highlighted by the global transition away from fossil fuels and toward renewable energy sources. Despite the enormous potential of photovoltaic (PV) panels, efficiency losses in high-temperature conditions limit their performance. The purpose of this study is to theoretically evaluate the energy, financial, and environmental advantages of different water-cooling techniques intended to improve the sustainability and operating efficiency of PV panels. In contrast to traditional research, this work quantifies increases in energy output, cost savings, and CO2 emission reductions across various cooling configurations by a thorough parametric analysis inside a single theoretical framework. To simulate how various water-cooling methods affect PV panel performance, a mathematical parametric model was created. Energy production, cost savings, and carbon footprint reduction were among the key performance metrics computed and compared for PV applications in relation to the consumption ratio R, which is defined as the ratio of the actual building load to the maximum PV power output, or the amount of energy consumed by the house from the PV panels. With an annual energy gain of 1354.10R kWh per panel, cost savings of 582.26R USD, and CO2 emission reductions of 785.37R kg, jet water impingement cooling (JWPV) outperformed the other technologies under evaluation. However, with energy gains of 1061.53R kWh, savings of 456.46R USD, and CO2 reductions of 615.68R kg, evaporative cooling (EPV) produced the least amount of improvement. These results highlight how important efficient cooling is to improving PV panel performance and developing sustainable solar energy solutions. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emission reduction, Energy efficiency enhancement, Jet water impingement cooling, Photovoltaic panels, Sustainability in solar energy, Water cooling techniques |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05152611 |
| By: | Arnauld Guillotin (RTE - Réseau de Transport d'Electricité [Paris], CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - CentraleSupélec - Université Paris-Saclay); Claire Bergaentzlé (DTU - Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark); Virginie Dussartre (RTE - Réseau de Transport d'Electricité [Paris]); Thomas Heggarty (RTE - Réseau de Transport d'Electricité [Paris]); Olivier Massol (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - CentraleSupélec - Université Paris-Saclay, City University of London, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay); Yannick Perez (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - CentraleSupélec - Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay) |
| Abstract: | As the share of renewable power generation increases, the task of power system operators to match supply and demand necessitates mobilising new flexibility sources. Among these are electrolysers, which the EU's Hydrogen Strategy for a Climate Neutral Europe envisions as power system flexibility providers. Such flexibility provision in coupled electricity-hydrogen systems has been modelled, with benefits ranging from easing RES integration [1], [2] to reaching energy transition targets at lower costs [3]. This literature however usually considers that electrolysis acts in a perfectly flexible way to minimise total system costs, usually encompassing operational costs or operational and investment costs of all multi-energy system technologies. Such flexible behaviours are idealistic, whereas electrolysers' primary goal is maximisation of their profit. Price signals are considered suitable incentives to make this happen concurrently to maximising social welfare, but this might not hold when several, conflicting incentives apply, e.g., in presence of regulation or subsidies. Hydrogen regulation has been the focus of a recent literature strand, focusing on electrolysis regulation following European and American "three pillar" typologies, enforcing the criteria of additionality, temporal correlation and geographical correlation [4]. In particular, the temporal correlation criterion for EU renewable hydrogen states that in each time period, the electrolyser plant cannot consume more electricity than its portfolio of renewable power capacities generates. These studies illustrate how such regulations affect energy system costs and emissions using a central planner modelling approach, which does not account for distorted incentives of subsidised and regulated electrolysis. Conversely, recent work illustrates how subsidies impact hydrogen dispatch decisions, and consequently energy system costs and emissions [5], without considering operation constraints from EU regulation. A case study implementing both facets illustrates the potentially strong impacts of high electrolysis subsidisation even under strict temporal correlation, but produced hydrogen quantities are endogenous and not related to an identified hydrogen demand [6]. We fill these gaps by modelling the impacts of EU renewable hydrogen support and regulation on electrolyser flexibility incentives in the planned EU 2040 energy system, and the consequence this has for power system supply-demand matching. |
| Keywords: | Hydrogen subsidies, Clean hydrogen, Hydrogen regulation, Electrolyser flexibility |
| Date: | 2025–06–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05136240 |
| By: | Qian Chen; Martín Bordón-Lesme; Jaume Freire González |
| Abstract: | Rebound effects from energy efficiency improvements have been widely studied over the past decades across different resources and regions using different approaches and data. This diversity has hindered comparability among studies. To date, no single study has globally estimated these effects within a common framework. This paper addresses this gap by providing estimates of direct and indirect rebound effects in 43 countries and five aggregated "rest of the world" regions using an Environmentally Extended Multiregional Input–Output (EEMRIO) model, which covers all the world. This comprehensive, data-consistent approach effectively captures spillover effects through interregional economic flows that have been overlooked in previous studies. Moreover, it improves result comparability and offers insights for previously unexamined regions. Our findings indicate that in most countries, increased energy use due to households' re-consumption surpasses expected energy savings from efficiency improvements. When the efficiencies of coal, fuel, gas, electricity and all types of energy combined improve, the proportion of countries experiencing backfire (where the rebound effect exceeds 100%) is 81.25%, 56.25%, 68.75%, 56.25% and 56.25% respectively. These results highlight the critical need to control high rebound effects to achieve reductions in global energy consumption. |
| Keywords: | Rebound effect, sustainability, input output analysis, energy conservation |
| JEL: | C67 Q43 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bge:wpaper:1489 |
| By: | Théo Chamarande (UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - AU - Avignon Université - UR - Université de La Réunion - UNC - Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie - UG - Université de Guyane - UA - Université des Antilles - UM - Université de Montpellier); Sandrine Mathy (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Benoit Hingray (IGE - Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Fédération OSUG - Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Mini-grids with a low carbon footprint are a promising solution for providing electricity in rural areas, while being compatible with the objectives of the Paris Agreement. Public policies are needed to encourage their development and their design should consider the different point of view from each stakeholder involved in mini-grid projects (State, developer, users). We propose a multi-criteria approach to evaluate a set of policies to limit the carbon footprint of mini-grids. Our method is based on the simulation of fictitious mini-grids and on the calculation of four indicators: the mitigation cost, the policy cost, the average levelized cost of energy (LCOE) at the national level, and the disparity of individual mini-grid LCOE within the country. We applied the methodology to Senegal, Madagascar, Kenya and Nigeria chosen for the diversity in solar resource and fuel price. Our results advocate for the combination of fuel tax and subsidy on solar panels and batteries to further reduce the carbon footprint of mini-grids. Using fuel tax revenues to equalize the LCOE of mini-grids within a country allows a cost-efficient reduction of the carbon footprint while reducing the cost disparities between mini-grid projects. |
| Keywords: | Mini-grids, Sub-Saharan Africa, Public policies, Carbon footprint, Rural electrification |
| Date: | 2025–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05125326 |
| By: | Hormigos Feliu Clara (European Commission - JRC); Florio Pietro (European Commission - JRC); Dijkstra Lewis (European Commission - JRC); Auteri Davide (European Commission - JRC); Bertozzi Cecilia (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | In the context of the European path towards carbon neutrality and energy resilience, this report investigates energy poverty in EU households and energy need challenges in the EUâs building stock, focusing on the vulnerabilities and opportunities for rural areas. Based on measures of consensual comfort levels, economic strain and dwelling energy efficiency from the Household Budget Survey and the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions, our results indicate that rural households could face higher levels of energy poverty. A high-resolution analysis of the building stock shows that rural areas feature higher residential building volumes per inhabitant and less compact shapes, which challenges their energy efficiency and increases heating needs. On the other hand, rural areas lead in energy efficiency improvements, and are particularly suited for the implementation of self-consumption renewable systems such as rooftop photovoltaics thanks to large roof areas per inhabitant and a high share of rural ownership (78% of owned dwellings). With rooftop PV, rural areas could potentially produce 2 200 kWh/inhabitant annually, 38% more than the average household electricity consumption in the EU. |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc142243 |
| By: | Ebadi, Ebad; Aldaz-Carroll, Enrique |
| Abstract: | Trade’s impact on emissions is not straightforward. Existing literature on trade and emissions primarily focuses on countries' net export emissions, often neglecting the emissions saved by importing products instead of producing them domestically. The environmental impact from trade is influenced by the balance between emissions generated from exporting goods and emissions avoided by not producing them domestically. This paper investigates the environmental impacts of trade, focusing on the spatial differences in production emissions. Our estimates indicate that direct emissions embodied in exports are significant and rising, accounting for 31 percent of annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and 25 percent of annual particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions in 2021. However, considering the direct emissions saved through imports, trade results in a reduction of global GHG emissions annually by up to 2.2 percent from 2004 to 2021, as it allows countries with high emission intensity to import rather than produce domestically. This reduction is not observed in PM2.5 emissions, where trade leads to an increase of up to 1 percent. These findings highlight the discrepancy in emission intensities between exporting and importing countries, which influences the impact of trade on global emissions. |
| Date: | 2025–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11164 |
| By: | Akcura, Elcin |
| Abstract: | Oil prices have been increasingly volatile since 2004. However, the impact of this volatility on domestic end-user prices differs significantly by fuel and country. Some countries fully pass through global price movements to domestic end-user prices, and some countries freeze domestic fuel prices for long periods of time. Fuel subsidies emerge or grow if domestic prices significantly diverge from international prices in times of rising international oil prices. This paper draws on two new databases developed by the author for the purposes of this paper to analyze the degree of pass-through of international price volatility onto domestic consumers for eight fuels between December 2017 and December 2023 for up to 125 economies, depending on the fuel. This period saw significant oil price volatility on account of events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. The paper finds that domestic prices in many countries did not follow international fuel prices within the period analyzed. Countries with price controls had much lower levels of pass-through than those with price deregulation. Countries that adjusted their fuel prices at frequent intervals (weekly or monthly) had higher levels of price pass-through than those adjusting them quarterly or less frequently. Currency depreciation and the existence of an official fuel subsidy are associated with lower levels of price pass-through, and the impact of being a net crude oil or net refined fuel exporter is mixed. The results show that not tracking international prices closely is associated with higher incidences of fuel shortages, fuel smuggling, and fuel black marketing. |
| Date: | 2025–06–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11153 |
| By: | Ivaldi, Marc; Cherbonnier, Frédéric; Muller-Vibes, Catherine; Van Der Straeten, Karine |
| Abstract: | This study estimates the impact of a carbon tax on welfare, considering modal shifts to less carbon-intensive transport, as well as its effects on environmental and fiscal externalities. We calibrate a modal competition model using logit demand functions for a specific long-distance connection in France and simulate the introduction of a Pigouvian tax. Our key findings are: First, a €190/tCO2 carbon tax is nearly welfare-neutral but significantly detrimental to consumer surplus; Second, rail price regulation has the side effect of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by subsidizing the cleanest transport mode; Third, the widespread adoption of electric vehicles enhances overall welfare without significantly harming consumer surplus. |
| Keywords: | Modal competition; environmental externalities; carbon tax; high-speed rail |
| JEL: | D43 L91 R40 Q51 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:130752 |
| By: | Akcura, Elcin |
| Abstract: | Oil price increases that began in late 2020 led to a global proliferation of liquid fuel subsidies and price controls as governments tried to reduce, redistribute, or delay the impact of rising and volatile energy prices on consumers. This paper draws on a unique database to analyze the petroleum product pricing regimes and consumer price subsidies implemented in 154 economies since 2021. The results indicate that currently a majority of countries regulate fuel prices. Of the 154 economies examined, less than half had deregulated fuel prices as of January 2025. In all, 45 percent of the economies that regulate fuel prices have frozen prices for months and, in some cases, for years. Such infrequent price adjustments, common in Sub-Saharan Africa and in the Middle East and North Africa, lead to significant market distortions, including fuel shortages, smuggling, and unsustainable subsidy costs. Pressure on governments to intervene in the fuel markets surged in 2022 following the spike in international oil prices. In response, 132 of the 154 governments studied instituted a form of fuel price control or subsidy measure in 2022: 59 governments provided direct fuel subsidies, 61 cut fuel taxes, and 41 froze fuel prices entirely. Overall, 29 governments implemented both tax reductions and price subsidies in 2022. A few countries that had deregulated fuel prices prior to 2022 ended up reregulating prices. As of January 2025, 14 countries continued to maintain the 2022 fuel tax reductions. Additionally, fuel prices remained unchanged in several countries over this period. As of January 2025, at least 16 economies were implementing subsidy reforms, while nine othe rs were considering reforming their existing subsidies in the coming years. These economies can benefit from the lessons learned from previous episodes of rising oil prices as well as those from recent international experience, which are documented in this paper and the two new World Bank global databases developed for this study. |
| Date: | 2025–06–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11154 |
| By: | Nesrine Faraj (UNITO - Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin); Valentina Maruzzo (UNITO - Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin); Iacopo Benesperi (UNITO - Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin); Antoine Bousquet (IPREM - Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - INC-CNRS - Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Anna Lushnikova (LOCIE - LabOratoire proCédés énergIe bâtimEnt - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Marcello Baricco (UNITO - Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin); Francesca Brunetti (Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma, Italia] = University of Rome Tor Vergata [Rome, Italy] = Université de Rome Tor Vergata [Rome, Italie]); Christophe Menezo (LOCIE - LabOratoire proCédés énergIe bâtimEnt - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Christine Lartigau-Dagron (IPREM - Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - INC-CNRS - Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Nadia Barbero (UNITO - Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin) |
| Abstract: | The transition to renewable energy sources is critical for addressing climate change and achieving sustainable development, especially in environmentally sensitive regions such as mountain areas. Mountains are extremely heterogeneous: they show unique features in terms of climate, topography and biodiversity, which makes them and their local populations more vulnerable to the negative effects of climate change and energy poverty. This review explores the specific challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation of renewable energies in mountain areas, with a particular focus on the Alps. It addresses the issue of energy poverty – a situation in which a household is not able to afford or is lacking access to essential energy services – and it provides a focus on the effects of climate change on mountain areas. This review also discusses the advantages and disadvantages in the potential use of various kinds of renewable energy sources in mountainous regions, including solar, wind, hydropower, and biomass; especially in the context of the Alps' unique environmental and socio-economic conditions. Despite the promising availability of these resources, some of them have not been extensively applied yet in this area, such as wind and solar power. Biomass and hydropower, on the other hand, have been largely exploited. Finally, an overview of the available energy storage systems is given, along with some practical examples of simulation or implementation of plants, highlighting the crucial role of storage and integration technologies in enhancing the reliability and efficiency of renewable energy systems in mountainous terrains. |
| Keywords: | Alpine region, Climate change, Energy poverty, Mountain areas, Renewable energies |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05156785 |
| By: | Miller, Marshall R. PhD; Fulton, Lewis M. PhD |
| Abstract: | To guide databases that track progress on the uptake and use of zero emission trucks and buses, this project identified types of data that should be collected on a regular basis and compiled in a repository, preferably with public access. Funding will need to be identified to support this effort on an on-going basis. Data recommended for collection include those related to vehicles, infrastructure, projections, funding, the spatial location of charging power demand as a function of time, and exemptions from regulations that require fleets to purchase zero-emissions trucks and buses. These data recommendations were developed in part from conversations with staff at California agencies, such as the California Energy Commission and Air Resources Board, and with individuals working on the Alliance for Renewable Clean Hydrogen Energy Systems (ARCHES) hydrogen hub. The recommendations are evolving and could continue to evolve once data collection has begun. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Zero emission vehicles, Data collection, Databases, Alternate fuels, Government funding |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt5fb6b6x2 |
| By: | Gerardo Blanco; Emilio Padilla Rosa; Martín Bordón-Lesme; Jaume Freire González |
| Abstract: | Energy efficiency is critical for decarbonization, yet its benefits are often undermined by the rebound effect, particularly in emerging economies where pent-up demand is high. Traditional static models fail to capture the temporal dynamics, behavioral feedbacks, and systemic instabilities that shape policy outcomes. This study addresses these gaps by developing a novel system dynamics model to serve as a 'policy sandbox.' We analyze the dynamic consequences of policy interventions, moving beyond conventional metrics to assess household welfare trajectories. Our findings reveal that while isolated efficiency gains can backfire, conventional corrective taxes, when interacting with realistic household financial behaviors, can engineer a devastating energy poverty trap—a state where vulnerable households pay more for a reduced level of essential energy service. This research unmasks a fundamental tension not just between sustainability and equity, but between a policy's intended equilibrium and the survivability of its transient path. We provide a robust analytical tool for designing adaptive, justice-centered policies capable of navigating this complex landscape and avoiding the most severe, unintended consequences of the energy transition. |
| Keywords: | Rebound effect, emerging economies, energy justice, energy affordability, system dynamics modeling, Time-varying policy |
| JEL: | Q41 Q48 H23 C61 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bge:wpaper:1499 |
| By: | Abdelkarim El Adlouni (University Mohamed V, Rabat); Abdellah Echaoui (University Mohamed V, Rabat) |
| Abstract: | Demand for energy continues to grow, particularly in emerging economies. Like these economies, Morocco has invested significantly in renewable energies to meet the growing demand from its industry, which has been booming in recent years. The aim of this article is to examine whether an increase in renewable energy production has a positive impact on the Moroccan economy, which, like most of the world's economies, has suffered from rising oil prices and inflation following the recession, mainly due to the consequences caused by the coronavirus epidemic. The Moroccan economy, through a policy of migration or transition to renewable energies, is trying to lessen the negative effect of the recession by investing massively in renewable energies. Using data on the Moroccan economy, we test the contribution of renewable energies on the economy based on machine learning and neural networks through LSTM (LONG SHORT TERM MODELISATION) modeling. The empirical results show that an ever-increasing use of renewable energies can support the resumption of economic growth by generating a greater acceleration in GDP when compared with other variables. |
| Abstract: | La demande en énergie continue de croître, en particulier dans les économies émergentes. A l'instar de ces économies, le Maroc a investi de manière significative dans le domaine des énergies renouvelables pour satisfaire la demande croissante de son industrie qui est en plein essor ces dernières années. L'objectif de cet article est d'examiner si une augmentation de la production d'énergies renouvelables a un impact positif sur l'économie marocaine qui a souffert d'ailleurs comme la plupart des économies mondiales de la hausse des prix du pétrole et de l'inflation après la récession, cela est dû principalement aux conséquences causées par l'épidémie du coronavirus. L'économie marocaine, à travers une politique de migration ou de transition vers les énergies renouvelables essaie de diminuer l'effet négatif de la récession en s'investissant massivement dans les énergies renouvelables. En utilisant des données sur l'économie marocaine, nous testons la contribution des énergies renouvelables sur l'économie en se basant sur l'apprentissage automatique et le réseau des neurones par le biais de la modélisation LSTM (LONG SHORT TERM MODELISATION). Les résultats empiriques montrent qu'une utilisation toujours plus importante des énergies renouvelables peut soutenir la reprise de la croissance économique en générant une accélération plus importante du PIB en la comparant avec d'autres variables. |
| Keywords: | LSTM PIB énergie renouvelable Maroc croissance économique. Type de l'article : Recherche appliquée LSTM GDP renewable energy Morocco economic growth, LSTM, PIB, énergie renouvelable, Maroc, croissance économique. Type de l'article : Recherche appliquée LSTM, GDP, renewable energy, Morocco, economic growth |
| Date: | 2025–03–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05124718 |
| By: | Lu, Hongyu; Fan, Huiying; Liu, Haobing; Liu, Ziming; Rodgers, Michael O.; Guensler, Randall |
| Abstract: | This study introduces MOVES-Matrix 4.0, an innovative high-performance implementation of MOVES 4.0.1 that generates exactly same energy and emission rate results as the Environmental Protection Agency’s latest version of MOVES 4.0.1, but allows users to deploy the MOVES model in complex and dynamic analyses. The team utilized the same conceptual design used in MOVES-Matrix 2014 and MOVES-Matrix 3.0, and updated the configurations on PACE supercomputing clusters to account for the programming changes with respect to MOVES databases (e.g., migration to MariaDB) and MOVES’ algorithm updates since MOVES2014b (e.g., extended VSP/STP parameters). The MOVES-Matrix 4.0 system develops sub-matrices of energy and emission rates by executing 181, 818 MOVES runs to generate more than 5.8 trillion energy and emission rates in thepopulated matrix for a single modeling region (represented by a unique combination of fuel specification regime and inspection and maintenance program). Performance tests demonstrate that MOVES-Matrix 4.0 produces the exact same results as MOVES4 (insignificant internal rounding errors that are less than 0.0005%). In modeling applications, generating emission rates from MOVES-Matrix is 200 times faster than running a MOVES instance. MOVES-Matrix 4.0 is ready to be used for large-scale, dynamic transportation network analyses and emissions modeling, given its open-source nature, and its compatibility with various scripting languages. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, MOVES 4.0, energy use and emission modeling, federal regulatory modeling |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt0xg905w5 |
| By: | Joaquin Vespignani; Russell Smyth; Jamel Saadaoui |
| Abstract: | Copper and lithium are essential to the global energy transition, each playing distinct roles in enabling low-carbon technologies. However, their supply chains are highly vulnerable to geopolitical risks, posing a threat to the stability and resilience of future clean energy systems. This study proposes strategic stockpiling as a cost-effective instrument to mitigate supply disruptions due to geopolitical risks in copper and lithium supply chains. First, we develop and apply novel, stage-specific, measures of geopolitical risk for copper and lithium for each of the four key phases of their supply chain: proven reserves, extraction, refining and end-use consumption. Second, we construct forward-looking stockpiling scenarios for both minerals, grounded in projected demand under the International Energy Agency’s Announced Pledges (APS) and Net Zero Scenario (NZS) pathways. Our estimates indicate substantial supply shortfalls by 2040 when strategic stockpiling is incorporated. Specifically, we project the shortfall in lithium supply to increase by a factor of 7.8 under APS and 9.8 under NZS, while copper shortages are projected to grow by 4.6 and 6.1 times, respectively. We consider Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven productivity gains and recycling as alternative ways to alleviate shortages in both copper and lithium markets. We show that while enhanced recycling can significantly contribute to closing the supply gap for copper, its impact remains limited in the case of lithium due to technological, geological, and geographical constraints. We conclude that AI-driven productivity gains are essential to close the supply gap for both critical minerals. |
| Keywords: | critical minerals, copper, lithium, geopolitical risk, stockpiling |
| JEL: | C14 Q20 Q41 Q43 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2025-42 |
| By: | Antero Alves Pereira Neto (Universidade Federal de Uberlândia); Carlos Bianchi (Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y de Administración. Instituto de Economía); Marisa dos Reis Azevedo Botelho (Universidade Federal de Uberlândia) |
| Abstract: | With the global emergency triggered by the oil crisis and the climate conferences initiated in the 1970s, many countries around the world found themselves compelled to seek alternatives to oil. This led, particularly in the transport sector—one of the largest consumers of oil and emitters of pollutants—to developments aimed at enabling plant-based biofuels, fleet electrification, and the use of alternative fuels, such as hydrogen. Hydrogen, which can be produced through various methods, from oil transformation to molecular water splitting, emerges as a key prospect for achieving the full decarbonization of the global economy. However, the challenges of making it widespread encounter barriers that remain difficult to overcome. Using the methodology of social network analysis, this study aims to map the main trajectory of patents involved in consolidating the processes for hydrogen production through electrolysis, specifically for applications in the transport sector—a sustainable method with potential for widespread adoption due to its high energy efficiency. The results reveal the prevalence of patents that combine electrolytic transformation with internal combustion systems reliant on fossil fuels, an outcome unexpected from a sustainability standpoint. These findings underscore the need to identify a secondary trajectory with clearer advancements toward sustainability. This research aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7, 13, and 11. |
| Keywords: | Hydrogen, Electrolysis, Hydrogen Economy, Sustainability |
| JEL: | O25 O14 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulr:wpaper:dt-17-24 |
| By: | Smith, E. Keith; Henninger, Ella; de Lauriere, Camille Fournier (ETH Zurich); Koubi, Vally; Moolla, Raeesa; Beiser-McGrath, Liam F.; Bernauer, Thomas |
| Abstract: | Air pollution is a leading health risk, especially in emerging markets and developing economies. Yet, it remains unclear whether citizens will demand mitigation, perceive it as a threat, or view poor air quality as a necessary part of development. Competing theories predict either strong or weak support, and cross-national evidence is scarce, particularly for measures of policy support. We surveyed 11, 562 adults in four severely polluted cities — Accra, Delhi, Jakarta, and Johannesburg. Air quality was a highly prioritised issue, and overall levels of concern are very high. Majorities back six different mitigation proposals, including cost-salient measures such as stricter industrial limits, increasing household electrification, and expanding public transport. Concern, trust, and low behavioural control were the strongest predictors of support. People see air pollution, feel its effects, and want governments to act, even when action entails economic costs, challenging views of limited environmental demand in highly exposed, economically developing settings. |
| Date: | 2025–07–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:92bst_v1 |
| By: | Fabio Landini (University of Parma, Deptartment of Economics and Management); Davide Lunardon (Gran Sasso Science Institute); Alberto Marzucchi (Gran Sasso Science Institute) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the perceived meaning of green jobs. Theoretically, we extend the standard meaningful work framework, by introducing a social esteem component, which depends on both the green content of occupations and the socio-political awareness of environmental issues. To identify green jobs, we employ a task-based indicator based on ESCO data, which is then merged with individual-level data from the 2015 and 2021 waves of the European Working Conditions Survey. Moreover, we proxy the degree of environmental consciousness at the country level through the Environmental Policy Stringency index from the OECD. In line with our theoretical framework, we find that workers’ perceptions of meaningful work increase with the green content of their occupation and are amplified in countries exhibiting higher levels of environmental consciousness. These results highlight the role of social esteem, derived from the contribution to what is considered a socially valuable objective (i.e. the fight against climate change), in shaping the experience of meaningful work. To allow a more ‘causal’ interpretation of the results, we employ an instrumental variable approach which corroborates the main findings. |
| Keywords: | Meaningful work, Green jobs, Social esteem, EWCS, Green transition |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:0625 |
| By: | Joaquin Vespignani (University of Tasmania, Australia Tasmanian School of Business and Economics, Australia); Russell Smyth (Monash University, Department of Economics, Monash Business School, Caulfield, Australia); Jamel Saadaoui (University Paris 8, IEE, LED, Saint-Denis, France) |
| Abstract: | Copper and lithium are essential to the global energy transition, each playing distinct roles in enabling low-carbon technologies. However, their supply chains are highly vulnerable to geopolitical risks, posing a threat to the stability and resilience of future clean energy systems. This study proposes strategic stockpiling as a cost-effective instrument to mitigate supply disruptions due to geopolitical risks in copper and lithium supply chains. First, we develop and apply novel, stage-specific, measures of geopolitical risk for copper and lithium for each of the four key phases of their supply chain: proven reserves, extraction, refining and end-use consumption. Second, we construct forward-looking stockpiling scenarios for both minerals, grounded in projected demand under the International Energy Agency’s Announced Pledges (APS) and Net Zero Scenario (NZS) pathways. Our estimates indicate substantial supply shortfalls by 2040 when strategic stockpiling is incorporated. Specifically, we project the shortfall in lithium supply to increase by a factor of 7.8 under APS and 9.8 under NZS, while copper shortages are projected to grow by 4.6 and 6.1 times, respectively. We consider Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven productivity gains and recycling as alternative ways to alleviate shortages in both copper and lithium markets. We show that while enhanced recycling can significantly contribute to closing the supply gap for copper, its impact remains limited in the case of lithium due to technological, geological, and geographical constraints. We conclude that AI-driven productivity gains are essential to close the supply gap for both critical minerals. |
| Keywords: | Critical Minerals, Copper, Lithium, Geopolitical Risk, Stockpiling |
| JEL: | C14 Q20 Q41 Q43 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mos:moswps:2025-10 |
| By: | Halkos, George; Zisiadou, Argyro |
| Abstract: | The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) is a widely recognized tool developed by Yale University and Columbia University, in partnership with the World Economic Forum, to assess countries' environmental performance using 58 performance indicators across 11 issue categories. The EPI provides a comprehensive benchmark for evaluating environmental health, ecosystem vitality and climate change. Greece, as a member of the European Union (EU), operates within a complex regulatory framework aimed at promoting sustainable development. Greece's performance in the EPI reflects both its environmental policy efforts and its exposure to regional challenges such as air pollution, biodiversity loss, and climate-related risks. In recent years, Greece has demonstrated progress in areas such as renewable energy development and climate change mitigation, although issues like waste management and air quality continue to require focused policy intervention. Analyzing Greece’s EPI score offers valuable insights into its environmental priorities and the effectiveness of national strategies aimed at promoting sustainability and resilience. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Performance Index; Climate Change; Sustainability. |
| JEL: | D60 Q01 Q50 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–07–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125315 |
| By: | Young-Han Kim (Economic Department, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the environmental and macroeconomic impacts of changes in global value chain (GVC) participation, cross-border externality of carbon emissions, environmental considerations in monetary policy, and international coordination in environmental policy across seven NGFS scenarios. An E-DSGE model analysis shows that i) increased GVC participation, with higher reliance on imported intermediate goods, slows economic growth more significantly in high-pollution regimes, ii) the emphasis on environmental issues in monetary policy has insignificant impact on carbon emissions while increasing macroeconomic volatility to more polluted regimes. These findings suggest that while less stringent environmental policies may offer short-term benefits, these are outweighed by higher long-term transition costs. Therefore, a proactive environmental policy, aimed at achieving a 'Net Zero 2050' scenario, could foster more stable economic conditions. Furthermore, the environmental concerns in monetary policy should be moderated to mitigate potential side effects of indirect interventions on carbon emissions. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, NGFS scenarios, Cross-border externalities, GVC participation, Monetary policy, Environmental policy coordination |
| JEL: | E52 E62 Q58 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iefpro:15016746 |
| By: | A. de Palma; R. Lindsey; S. Proost; Y. Riou; A. Trannoy (CY Cergy Paris Université, THEMA) |
| Abstract: | Climate change is perhaps the most pressing challenge faced by humanity. It causes not only environmental degradation but also impacts whole ecosystems, societies, and global political stability. This paper explores the obstacles to implementing climate-change policies, emphasizing the complex interplay of economic, social, and political factors. It highlights the need to integrate economic, environmental, social, and political dimensions. It stresses that policies must be socially equitable, as demonstrated by the “Gilet Jaune” protests in France. Effective climate action requires balancing financial and non-financial factors and addressing unintended consequences such as job losses, regional economic disparities, and potential social unrest. Ultimately, a multifaceted, interdisciplinary, and inclusive approach is vital for achieving sustainable and socially responsible solutions to combat climate change |
| Keywords: | climate change, green energy, inaction, sustainability, political economy, acceptability |
| JEL: | O30 O38 H25 H54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ema:worpap:2025-10 |
| By: | Felix Schmidt |
| Abstract: | Long-duration energy storage (LDES) is a key component for fully renewable, sector-coupled energy systems based on wind and solar. While capacity expansion planning has begun to take into account interannual weather variability, it often ignores weather uncertainty and limited foresight in capacity and operational decisions. We build a stochastic capacity expansion model for fully decarbonized energy systems with LDES in Europe accounting for weather uncertainty - isolating the effect of limited foresight by comparing it to a perfect foresight benchmark. Under limited foresight, LDES acts as a hedge against extreme system states operating defensively and exhibiting a stockpiling effect absent under perfect foresight. Solar PV gains in system value for its higher predictability with up to 29\% higher capacities versus the benchmark while onshore wind capacities are lower. We shed light on the underlying mechanisms by deriving implicit LDES bidding curves. We show that LDES bids reflect the costs and the weather-dependent probability of extreme system states conditional on the current system state. This has important implications for the price formation on renewable electricity markets, as a wide and continuous range of probabilistic LDES bids alleviates concerns of extreme price disparity at high renewable shares. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.12538 |
| By: | García-Suaza, Andrés; Caiza-Guamán, Pamela; Sarango-Iturralde, Alexander; Romero-Torres, Bernardo; Buitrago, Catalina |
| Abstract: | The green transition represents one of the most significant transformational forces in the labor market in the coming years. This paper analyzes the incidence of green jobs in four Latin American countries using information from job vacancy data. The results reveal a low incidence of demand for jobs with green potential or for new and emerging occupations related to the green transition. Such occupations are characterized by requiring high levels of education and offer a significant wage premium. These results highlight the main challenge of the green transition, which lies in the need to implement training processes, while revealing opportunities for the creation of high-quality jobs in the region. |
| Keywords: | Labor demand, green jobs, green transition, climate change, skills |
| JEL: | J24 J62 Q52 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rie:riecdt:118 |
| By: | Millend Roy; Vladimir Pyltsov; Yinbo Hu |
| Abstract: | Accurate electricity load forecasting is essential for grid stability, resource optimization, and renewable energy integration. While transformer-based deep learning models like TimeGPT have gained traction in time-series forecasting, their effectiveness in long-term electricity load prediction remains uncertain. This study evaluates forecasting models ranging from classical regression techniques to advanced deep learning architectures using data from the ESD 2025 competition. The dataset includes two years of historical electricity load data, alongside temperature and global horizontal irradiance (GHI) across five sites, with a one-day-ahead forecasting horizon. Since actual test set load values remain undisclosed, leveraging predicted values would accumulate errors, making this a long-term forecasting challenge. We employ (i) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction and (ii) frame the task as a regression problem, using temperature and GHI as covariates to predict load for each hour, (iii) ultimately stacking 24 models to generate yearly forecasts. Our results reveal that deep learning models, including TimeGPT, fail to consistently outperform simpler statistical and machine learning approaches due to the limited availability of training data and exogenous variables. In contrast, XGBoost, with minimal feature engineering, delivers the lowest error rates across all test cases while maintaining computational efficiency. This highlights the limitations of deep learning in long-term electricity forecasting and reinforces the importance of model selection based on dataset characteristics rather than complexity. Our study provides insights into practical forecasting applications and contributes to the ongoing discussion on the trade-offs between traditional and modern forecasting methods. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.11390 |
| By: | Mercure, Jean-Francois; Pollitt, Hector; Geels, Frank W.; Zenghelis, Dimitri |
| Abstract: | The low-carbon transition is generally portrayed as involving costs to the economy through lower productivity and generating benefits through avoided impacts of climate change. This mainstream economic narrative hinges on two critical assumptions that stem from an allocation perspective: that low-carbon technologies are more expensive than high-carbon ones, and that low-carbon investment displaces resources from their optimal allocation. However, evidence increasingly suggests that neither assumption may be true. Drawing on evolutionary and complexity economics and making different, empirically-supported, assumptions about innovation dynamics, structural change, and the endogenous creation of finance, this paper examines the impacts on UK labour productivity of a low-carbon transition in the power, transport and heat sectors using a coupled macro-econometric and technology model (E3ME-FTT). Using realistic assumptions, the model results show moderate but positive productivity increases in the transition that stem from technological learning-by-doing and productivity growth in specific sectors, which induces investments that ultimately lead to expanded economic capacity across the economy. |
| Keywords: | labour productivity; climate policy; economic growth; low-carbon transitions |
| JEL: | N0 R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2025–07–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128830 |
| By: | Altug Aydemir; Mert Gokcu |
| Abstract: | [EN] In recent years, machine learning-based techniques have gained prominence in forecasting crude oil prices due to their ability effectively handle the highly volatile and nonlinear nature of oil prices. The primary objective of this paper is to forecast monthly oil prices with the highest level of precision and accuracy possible. To do this, we propose a deepened and high-parametrized version of the deep neural network model framework that integrates widely adopted algorithms and a variety of datasets. Additionally, our approach involves the optimal architecture for deep neural networks used in oil price forecasting and offers forecasts that are repeatable and consistent. All the evaluation metrics values indicate that the proposed model achieves superior forecasting performance compared to some simple conventional statistical models. [TR] Son zamanlarda, makine ogrenimi tabanli yontemler, petrol fiyatlarinin son derece oynak ve dogrusal olmayan dogasi ile etkin bir sekilde basa cikma yetenekleri sayesinde ham petrol fiyatlarini tahmin etmede onem kazanmistir. Bu calismanin temel amaci, aylik bazda petrol fiyatlarini mumkun olan en yuksek hassasiyet ve dogrulukla tahmin etmektir. Bunu yapmak icin, ham petrol fiyat tahmini icin iyi bilinen algoritmalari ve cesitli veri kumelerini kullanan derin sinir agi modeli cercevesinin derinlestirilmis ve yuksek parametreli bir versiyonunu oneriyoruz. Ayrica, yaklasimimiz petrol fiyat tahmininde kullanilan derin sinir aglari icin en uygun mimariyi icermekte ve tekrarlanabilir ve tutarli tahminler sunmaktadir. Tum degerlendirme metrik degerleri, onerilen modelimizin geleneksel yontemlere kiyasla tahmin performansinda onemli bir iyilesmeye sahip oldugunu gostermektedir. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcb:econot:2511 |
| By: | Jade Leroueil (GRANEM - Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management - UA - Université d'Angers - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Technological development consumes energy, depletes natural resources and generates significant carbon emissions and environmental damage (IPCC, 2023). For this reason, and in view of an effective ecological transition, it is essential that industry leaders commit themselves and steer their companies towards a development that is consistent with the challenges of sobriety. Based on qualitative research, this article aims to shed light on the contradictions between environmental objectives and sector managers' "cowboy" vision, particularly regarding their view of competition. Interviews reveal a Darwinian approach to competition, with the underlying idea that there is no monopoly. A logic of conquest, of "always more, " drives this vision. This article discusses the role of democratic institutions and legal frameworks in changing tech leaders' attitudes from a Wild West vision of unlimited resources to one of responsibility to society, especially in facing environmental challenges (Boulding 1966). |
| Keywords: | climate change, antitrust policy, ideology, institutional economics |
| Date: | 2025–05–29 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05146308 |
| By: | Lyubomir Stoychev (Department of Economic Science, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski); Stefan Raychev (Department of Economic Science, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski) |
| Abstract: | This study emphasizes the importance of green marketing in promoting sustainable economic growth, particularly through the development of green sectors like the EGGS industry. Green marketing highlights the environmental and economic benefits of such sectors, attracting investment and driving sectoral growth. By fostering consumer awareness and aligning with sustainability goals, green marketing enhances the contribution of the EGGS sector to overall economic performance. Using data from 27 primarily EU countries from 2013 to 2021 (excluding 2020 due to COVID-19?s economic impact), this analysis employs time-series regression and correlation methods to examine the relationship between EGGS contributions and GDP growth. The results show positive correlations in the majority of countries, , underscoring the role of the EGGS sector in driving sustainable growth. As economies transition toward greener practices, green marketing will be crucial in supporting sectors like EGGS, which not only contribute to GDP growth but also promote environmental sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Green marketing, EGGS sector, Sustainable economic growth, GDP growth, Environmental sustainability, Green transition, Green economics |
| JEL: | M31 Q01 Q56 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iefpro:15016516 |
| By: | Ezeofor, Vivian Kaife |
| Abstract: | This article examines the implementation of the EU’s circular economy policy in the electric vehicle (EV) battery supply chain, using Northvolt, a Swedish battery manufacturer, as a case study. It explores the EU’s Sustainable Batteries Regulation and its provisions for Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) as a critical governance tool that support sustainable battery production. The article analysis Northvolt compliance with the EPR system, particularly, it’s closed-loop production model, which involves the recycling of critical raw materials from used batteries and the incorporation of these recycled materials into new battery production. The article further analyzes the participation of various actors in the EPR framework and how they contribute to the EU circular economy goals. It contends that the Northvolt case illustrates how policy compliance can drive innovation and reduce environmental impacts in the EV battery sector. |
| Date: | 2025–07–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:q3vty_v1 |
| By: | London Melina (European Commission - JRC); Cotignano Giacomo (European Commission - JRC); Fatica Serena (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | "To support informed policymaking, this brief offers a detailed, sector-specific analysis of how EU firms access capital markets, with a focus on green financial instruments, comparing their position with counterparts in other regions and industries.It aims to help identify both the opportunities financial markets offer for fostering innovation and advancing the green transition, and the barriers that still hinder effective financing. The analysis also outlines possible directions for strengthening EU financial markets and exploring their role in achieving the objectives of the Competitiveness Compass" |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc142344 |
| By: | Balwin Bokor; Klaus Altendorfer; Andrea Matta |
| Abstract: | In response to the escalating need for sustainable manufacturing, this study introduces a Simulation-Based Approach (SBA) to model a stopping policy for energy-intensive stochastic production systems, developed and tested in a real-world industrial context. The case company - an energy-intensive lead-acid battery manufacturer - faces significant process uncertainty in its heat-treatment operations, making static planning inefficient. To evaluate a potential sensor-based solution, the SBA leverages simulated sensor data (using a Markovian model) to iteratively refine Bayesian energy estimates and dynamically adjust batch-specific processing times. A full-factorial numerical simulation, mirroring the company's 2024 heat-treatment process, evaluates the SBA's energy reduction potential, configuration robustness, and sensitivity to process uncertainty and sensor distortion. Results are benchmarked against three planning scenarios: (1) Optimized Planned Processing Times (OPT); (2) the company's Current Baseline Practice; and (3) an Ideal Scenario with perfectly known energy requirements. SBA significantly outperforms OPT across all tested environments and in some cases even performs statistically equivalent to an Ideal Scenario. Compared to the Current Baseline Practice, energy input is reduced by 14-25%, depending on uncertainty and sensor accuracy. A Pareto analysis further highlights SBA's ability to balance energy and inspection-labour costs, offering actionable insights for industrial decision-makers. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.11536 |
| By: | Ladha, Rijhul; Das Banerjee, Anannya; Bhattacharya, Tattaiyya; Ramji, Aditya |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt5r47c2bt |
| By: | Davide Consoli; Francesco Lelli; FSandro Montresor; Francois Perruchas; Francesco Rentocchini |
| Abstract: | Given the crucial role of Venture Capital (VC) in financing the green transition, and its uneven geographical distribution, we examine how the proximity of VC investors to green start-ups influences the success of their deals. Considering the intrinsically higher risk profile of start-ups in the greensector, we maintain that their spatial proximity to VC investors will have a larger effect here than in other sectors. Furthermore, considering recent advancements in the digitalization of VC, we also argue that a digital kind of proximity between investors and green investees in accessing digital technologies (platforms) could matter for that, by also reducing the binding effect of spatial proximity on the success of VC green deals. Using data from Dealroom, and combining them with the SpeedTest open dataset by Ookla, we test for these arguments with respect to a large sample of about 12, 000 green start-ups, originally identified by combining multiple methods (text scraping, topic modelling, and machine learning), located in 27 EU (+3) countries from 2000 to 2020. Econometric estimates at the level of realised vs. potential VC green deals confirm that spatial proximity is more relevant for green than for non-green start-ups. The new quasi- dyadic indicator of digital proximity that we propose does also significantly and positively correlates with the actual occurrence of green deals, and negatively moderate the effect of spatial proximity, supporting our argument of a substitution relationship between the two. Policy implications are drawn accordingly. |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:2521 |
| By: | Dhole, Anuj; Ramji, Aditya; Fulton, Lewis; Sperling, Daniel; Hwang, Roland |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt82t9h9mw |
| By: | Muhammet Enes Cirakli; Onur Balciner; Canan Ozkan |
| Abstract: | [TR] Bu calismada, Avrupa Birligi (AB) Sinirda Karbon Duzenleme Mekanizmasi (SKDM) kapsamindaki urunlerin Turkiye ihracatindaki yeri incelenmis ve ilgili urunlerin karbon emisyonu seviyeleri ulke karsilastirmali olarak ortaya konulmustur. Ayrica, Turkiye’den AB’ye SKDM urunu ihracati yapan firmalar ve bu firmalarin karakteristik ozellikleri hakkinda bilgi verilmistir. Ulke bazli veriler, Turkiye’nin AB’ye SKDM urun ihracatinda onde gelen ulkeler arasinda oldugunu ve soz konusu urunler bakimindan AB’den daha yuksek emisyon yogunluguna sahip oldugunu ortaya koymaktadir. Firma bazinda yapilan analizler ise, 2009-2023 donemi icin Turkiye’de yerlesik ihracatci firmalarin yaklasik yuzde 10-12’sinin AB’ye SKDM urun ihracati gerceklestirdigini ve bu ihracatin gorece buyuk firmalarda daha fazla oldugunu gostermistir. Buna ilave olarak, soz konusu firmalarin diger ihracatci firmalara gore ortalamada daha fazla firmayla ic ticaret iliskisi kurduklari ve yillar icinde gerceklestirdikleri tedarik ve satislarinin diger ihracatci firmalara gore daha yuksek oldugu gozlemlenmistir. [EN] In this study, the role of products under the scope of European Union (EU) Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) in Türkiye’s exports is examined, and the carbon emission levels of these products are presented in a country-comparative manner. Furthermore, firms exporting CBAM products from Türkiye to the EU and their characteristics are presented. Country-level data reveal that Türkiye is among the leading countries in the CBAM product exports to EU and has higher emission intensities compared to the EU for these products. Firm-level analysis shows that for the period of 2009-2023, around 10-12% of Turkish exporting firms are involved in CBAM product exports to the EU, with larger firms accounting for a higher share of these exports. Additionally, it has been observed that these firms on average, establish domestic trade relationships with a greater number of firms than other exporting firms do and that their procurement and sales transactions throughout the years are higher compared to other exporting firms. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcb:econot:2510 |
| By: | Hartung, Maik; Pothen, Frank; Hundt, Carolin |
| Abstract: | Der Einsatz von Stahlschrott als Rohstoff der Stahlherstellung vermeidet Treibhausgasemissionen (THG) in erheblichem Umfang. Ambitionierte Klimaziele lassen somit einen steigenden Bedarf an Stahlschrott erwarten. Diese Studie quantifiziert plausible Bandbreiten für den Stahlschrottbedarf der deutschen Stahlindustrie bis 2045 als Zieljahr der angestrebten Klimaneutralität. Der Bedarf wird maßgeblich durch die Rohstahlproduktion, die Zusammensetzung der Verfahrensrouten sowie deren Schrotteinsatzquoten bestimmt. Um den erheblichen Unsicherheiten bei der Entwicklung dieser Faktoren Rechnung zu tragen, werden Szenarien entwickelt. Die Annahmen hinter diesen Szenarien basieren auf der Auswertung von Transformationsstudien und Trends sowie ergänzenden Annahmen. Der mögliche Stahlschrottbedarf wird für die Stichjahre 2030 und 2045 abgeleitet. Die Szenarien suggerieren, dass die Bandbreite des Stahlschrottbedarfs im Jahr 2030 zwischen 17, 0 Mio. t und 22, 7 Mio. t liegt. 2045 liegt sie zwischen 14, 9 Mio. t und 27, 6 Mio. t. Zum Vergleich: von 2015 bis 2023 wurden in Deutschland durchschnittlich 17, 2 Mio. t Stahlschrott pro Jahr eingesetzt. Der Bedarf an hochwertigem, wenig verunreinigten Schrott für die Primärproduktion von Stahl liegt 2030 zwischen 4, 3 Mio. t und 7, 7 Mio. t und 2045 zwischen 2, 7 Mio. t und 10, 1 Mio. t. Von 2015 bis 2023 wurden durchschnittlich 4, 8 Mio. t Schrott in der Hochofenroute eingesetzt. Diese Ergebnisse deuten auf einen steigenden Stahlschrottbedarf in Deutschland hin. Knappheit ist primär bei hochwertigem Schrott zu erwarten, sowohl durch einen steigenden Bedarf als auch durch eine fallende Verfügbarkeit. Technischer Fortschritt bei der Sammlung, Sortierung und Aufbereitung von Stahlschrott sowie Importe von hochwertigem Schrott könnten diese (mögliche) Knappheit reduzieren. Die tatsächliche Stahlschrottnachfrage und - knappheit wird ein Marktergebnis sein. |
| Abstract: | The use of scrap as a raw material in steel production reduces CO2 emissions substantially. Ambitious climate goals are expected to lead to an increase in demand for steel scrap, whose availability is limited. Our study (Hartung et al. 2025) quantifies the potential steel scrap demand by the German steel industry until 2045. Nine scenarios take account of the considerable uncertainties that the steel industry faces. The results show that a general shortage of steel scrap is not to be expected in Germany, but high-quality scrap specifically might be in short supply. More investment in processing and imports can reduce the shortage. |
| Keywords: | Stahlrecycling, Stahlschrott, Szenarien, Kreislaufwirtschaft, Klimaneutralität |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fhjwws:321885 |
| By: | Bin Ramli, Muhammad Sukri |
| Abstract: | Effective July 1, 2025, Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) has implemented a new electricity tariff structure aimed at promoting energy-efficient practices. While this restructuring enhances transparency in billing, a critical analysis of the Time of Use (ToU) scheme reveals a significant potential disadvantage for vulnerable, stay-at-home groups. This report specifically analyzes how the new tariff structure, particularly the ToU scheme with its defined peak hours, may financially penalize households whose electricity consumption during these hours is a necessity rather than a choice. These vulnerable groups include retirees, parents with small children, work-from-home professionals, and those caring for the sick. This report provides an in-depth analysis of Tenaga Nasional Berhad's (TNB) restructured electricity tariffs in Peninsular Malaysia, effective July 1, 2025. It specifically focuses on the domestic sector, covering the key changes in the tariff structure, explaining how a household's bill is calculated, and presenting simulations demonstrating the financial impact on different domestic household types, including the perceived benefits of shifting electricity consumption habits. |
| Date: | 2025–07–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:y4sc2_v1 |
| By: | Niccolò Murtas (University of Ferrara) |
| Abstract: | This study estimates an aggregate green knowledge production function (GKPF) for 19 OECD countries from 1981 to 2012, using panel-data econometric methods to address spatial spillovers and unobserved heterogeneity. Both Cobb-Douglas and translog functional forms are evaluated with multiple estimators, including standard fixed and random effects models, pooled and mean group common correlated effects (CCE) estimators, and random-trend models to account for shared upward trends among variables. The regression analysis examines the relationship between green patenting and key determinants such as R&D expenditure, human capital, and environmental policy indicators. The results consistently show a robust positive effect of domestic R&D, whereas the impacts of other factors exhibit greater variability. Methodologically, the findings highlight the sensitivity of coefficient estimates to unobserved heterogeneity and the choice of functional form. |
| Keywords: | Green innovation, knowledge production function, panel data, spatial spillovers |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:0725 |
| By: | MULLER, Aléaume |
| Abstract: | The so-called Cobb–Douglas production function offers a synthetic mathematical formalization of economic activity. Focused primarily on capital and labor, it systematically overlooks the role of natural resources and the environment—an omission that has made it the target of recurring criticism. To examine the validity of these critiques, this article proposes a parallel with Kleiber’s law in biology, which links an organism’s energy consumption to its body mass through the notion of basal metabolic rate. We demonstrate that this analogy opens the way for a reinterpretation of both the Cobb–Douglas function and the Solow model, enabling a perspective that is not only compatible with but also complementary to ecological economics. Moreover, it reveals a deeper homology: in both cases, the functions describe the behavior of dissipative thermodynamic systems, which organize energy flows to sustain their structural integrity. This framework allows for a physical reading of economic production mechanisms—not as abstract aggregates, but as expressions of a universal process of self-organization driven by flows of matter and energy. It enables the integration of thermodynamic constraints into the core of economic theory, in continuity with existing literature, while paving the way for an understanding of the economy as a physically evolving system |
| Date: | 2025–06–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:q8evd_v1 |
| By: | Gkargkavouzi, Anastasia; Halkou, Panagiota; Halkos, George |
| Abstract: | The current work examines the role of behavioural and psychology science in the design and implementation of climate policies. By synthesizing evidence from diverse disciplines, we develop an analytic framework to assess how behavioural and psychological insights can close the intention-action gap and enhance policy effectiveness. Drawing from recent studies on psychological adaptation, social norms, and policy instrument design, we argue that integrated, context-sensitive behavioural strategies can facilitate large-scale sustainable transformation. The paper emphasizes the limitations of current behavioural approaches and proposes robust, interdisciplinary policy architectures aimed at fostering equity, engagement, and long-term impact. |
| Keywords: | Behavioural science; climate policy; psychological adaptation; public engagement. |
| JEL: | A14 I30 Q00 Q51 Q56 Q59 |
| Date: | 2025–07–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125312 |
| By: | Kassim Dogawa (Equipe de Recherche en Economie Agricole Appliquée (ERE2A), Université de Lomé-Togo, B.P. 1515 Lomé, Togo.); Abbévi Georges Abbey (Université de Lomé [Togo]) |
| Abstract: | L'objectif de ce papier est d'analyser l'effet de l'accès à l'électricité sur le revenu des ménages au Togo. Pour atteindre cet objectif, la méthode de régression à commutation endogène a été utilisée pour corriger le biais d'endogénéité. Pour l'analyse empirique, les données de l'enquête sur la consommation d'énergies dans les sous-secteurs domestique et artisanal, de l'agriculture et des transports au Togo (ECE-DAAT) collectées par l'Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques et Démographiques (INSEED) en 2021, ont été utilisées. Les résultats ont révélé que le revenu des ménages connectés à l'électricité serait inférieur d'environ 16% en l'absence d'électricité. Ce résultat suggère la nécessité de renforcer les programmes d'électrification surtout en milieu rural accompagné d'un mécanisme d'incitation des ménages à une utilisation productive de l'électricité. |
| Keywords: | electricity household appliances income-generating activity income, électricité appareils électroménagers activité génératrice de revenu |
| Date: | 2025–06–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05134981 |
| By: | Schneider, Eric B. |
| Abstract: | There is strong evidence that exposure to atmospheric pollution is detrimental to health. However, most current and historical research has focussed on the shortrun consequences of exposure to pollution on health, and historical researchers have not been able to assess the effects of pollution on a wide range of health indicators. This paper uses fog events at a daily level as a proxy for acute extreme pollution events in historical London (1892-1919). It tests whether exposure to fog at birth and at the time of sickness influenced a wide range of indicators of child health in the short and long term, including birth outcomes (birth weight, length, stillbirth, premature birth and neonatal death), mortality risk (mortality before age 15), growth outcomes (heights and weights in infancy, childhood and adolescence), and morbidity outcomes (incidence, prevalence and sickness duration from respiratory diseases and measles). Being born on a fog day did not have strong effects on birth or growth outcomes or on morbidity outcomes for upper respiratory diseases. However, being born on a fog day increased mortality risk from respiratory diseases and increased incidence, prevalence and sickness duration from measles, influenza and other lower respiratory diseases. I also find short-run effects of fog on sickness duration from influenza and measles. Overall, the mixed results suggest that atmospheric pollution caused significant ill health in historical London but only for limited dimensions of health. |
| Keywords: | ambient air pollution; morbidity; child growth; respiratory disease; health transition |
| JEL: | N33 I12 Q53 |
| Date: | 2025–06–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128850 |
| By: | Arroyo, José Manuel; Centeno, Santa Paola; Ley, Debora; Romero, Indira; Torijano, Eugenio |
| Abstract: | Entre las causas principales del cambio climático se encuentran las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) asociadas a la generación y uso de la energía. Para contribuir a la mitigación del cambio climático, al cumplimiento de las metas del ODS 7 (energía asequible y no contaminante) y a una economía de emisiones netas cero, los países del Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana (SICA) adoptaron la Estrategia Energética Sustentable 2030 (2020) y los Pactos Energéticos Regionales (2023). En el presente documento se realiza un diagnóstico del avance de los países del SICA en el cumplimiento de las metas del ODS 7 y se presenta una propuesta de Meta Regional de Mitigación y Adaptación al Cambio Climático en el Sector Energético de los países del SICA, junto con algunos desafíos y recomendaciones para implementarla. Con esta Meta Regional se pretende reforzar y complementar los esfuerzos de mitigación del sector energía de los países del SICA con una propuesta de acciones de adaptación para aumentar la resiliencia de este sector frente a ciertos efectos adversos del cambio climático. |
| Date: | 2025–06–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col094:81875 |
| By: | Gkargkavouzi, Anastasia; Halkou, Panagiota; Halkos, George |
| Abstract: | Climate change education (CCE) is undergoing a critical transformation as global educators and policymakers recognize its role in equipping individuals and communities to respond to the climate crisis. This paper synthesizes recent scholarly developments in CCE, highlighting a shift toward participatory, interdisciplinary, and action-oriented pedagogies that foster critical thinking, adaptive capacity, and environmental agency. Drawing on research from the past five years, the paper explores the implementation of innovative teaching methods, integration across disciplines and professional training, and the growth of online and hybrid platforms. It further identifies persistent challenges such as curricular fragmentation, teacher preparedness, and equity in learner engagement, and examines evolving policy frameworks that support region-specific, justice-informed, and advocacy-focused educational strategies. Advancing CCE requires a systemic reorientation of educational policies and practices to focus on resilience, equity, and transformative action in both formal and informal learning settings. |
| Keywords: | Climate education; climate policy; educational strategies; experiential learning; place-based approaches. |
| JEL: | A14 I30 Q50 Q51 Q56 Q59 |
| Date: | 2025–07–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125314 |
| By: | Clément Séhier (IMT Nord Europe - Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], CLERSÉ - Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Having become the "workshop of the world" since the 1980s, China is entering a new phase with the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013, which combines objectives of self-assertion on the international stage and support for the expansion of its major companies. The example of Indonesian nickel exploitation, an essential resource for China's electric vehicle industry, reveals the dark side of a development model that remains destructive and and antithetical to the stated objective of ecological transition. |
| Abstract: | Devenue depuis les années 1980 l'« atelier du monde », la Chine passe à une nouvelle étape avec le lancement des « nouvelles routes de la soie », où se mêlent objectifs d'affirmation de soi sur la scène internationale et de soutien à l'expansion de ses grandes entreprises. L'exemple de l'exploitation du nickel indonésien, ressource indispensable à la filière chinoise des voitures électriques, montre le côté obscur d'un modèle de développement qui reste destructeur et inégalitaire pour les pays partenaires et antinomique avec l'objectif affiché de transition écologique. |
| Keywords: | Nouvelles Routes de la Soie, Firmes Multinationales, Indonésie, Nickel, Economie internationale, China State Construction Engineering China Railway Group Huawei ZTE Evergrande Vanke Tsingshan Jinchuan Sinoma Alibaba Didi Tencent Meituan CATL BYD SAIC Motors Bank of China ICBC], China State Construction Engineering, China Railway Group, Huawei, ZTE, Evergrande, Vanke, Tsingshan, Jinchuan, Sinoma, Alibaba, Didi, Tencent, Meituan, CATL, BYD, SAIC Motors, Bank of China, ICBC] |
| Date: | 2025–02–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05144621 |
| By: | Vincent P. Roberdel (Eindhoven University of Technology); Ioulia V. Ossokina (Eindhoven University of Technology); Jos van Ommeren (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute); Theo A. Arentze (Eindhoven University of Technology) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides quasi-experimental evidence of the health benefits of a large-scale, nationwide programme of home energy-efficiency retrofits in the Netherlands, exploiting individual medicine use from insurers' records. We demonstrate that these home upgrades improve children's health, as evidenced by a 4% reduction in the use of respiratory medication. We also find suggestive health improvements for other vulnerable groups, such as the poor. |
| Keywords: | Health, Energy efficiency, Renovation, Children, Public housing |
| JEL: | I10 Q40 R20 |
| Date: | 2025–01–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20250002 |
| By: | Stacciarini, João Henrique Santana (Federal University of Goiás); Gonçalves, Ricardo Junior de Assis Fernandes |
| Abstract: | El agravamiento de las problemáticas ambientales, sociales y económicas asociadas al uso de combustibles fósiles intensifica la urgencia de una transición hacia fuentes de energía renovables, impulsando la adopción de tecnologías como paneles solares, turbinas eólicas y vehículos eléctricos. Aunque frecuentemente promovidas como soluciones sostenibles, estas tecnologías presentan características intrínsecas - como menor densidad energética, vida útil reducida y limitaciones en los procesos de reciclaje - que incrementan la dependencia de minerales, muchos de ellos clasificados como “críticos”. Este artículo busca contribuir al debate mediante el análisis de los impactos del aumento significativo en la demanda de estos recursos. Con base en la definición de minerales críticos de la Agencia Internacional de Energías Renovables - que incluye cobalto, níquel, cobre, litio y metales de tierras raras -, se realizó una amplia recopilación, sistematización y análisis de datos a escala global, identificando los principales países productores y los contextos socioambientales asociados a su extracción. Los resultados evidencian la reproducción de un patrón histórico: la mayor parte de estos minerales se extrae en países del Sur Global, especialmente en África, Asia y América Latina, donde las normativas ambientales, sociales y económicas tienden a ser más flexibles, favoreciendo a grandes corporaciones transnacionales. Se constató, además, que la extracción de estos minerales suele estar asociada a impactos socioambientales graves, como contaminación intensa, exposición de trabajadores a metales tóxicos y financiamiento de milicias vinculadas a regímenes autoritarios. Estas cuestiones, aún poco discutidas en el discurso dominante sobre la temática, requieren una mayor atención por parte de la comunidad científica y de la sociedad en general, a fin de promover una transición energética verdaderamente justa a escala global. |
| Date: | 2025–06–22 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:bc4q6_v1 |
| By: | Ezeofor, Vivian Kaife |
| Abstract: | This article takes the bird view of the European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR) to rigorously evaluate the intersection of international trade law and climate governance. Although the EUDR aim to reduce global deforestation by imposing due diligence obligation on EU importers and thus determining EU market access for certain commodities, the article critiques its conformity to international trade rules, global justice and normative balance. It analyzes how environmental trade measures can bolster structural inequalities and undermine the principle of Common But Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR). Synthesizing insights from the World Trade Organization (WTO) and normative critiques by scholars such as Luterbacher, Gupta, and Cornell, the article argues that the EUDR’s unilateral design compounded by its extra territorial effect fosters disproportionate compliance burdens on Global South exporters without procedural reciprocity or transitional support. It asserts that equitable and effective climate governance demands regulatory instruments that aligns ecological urgency with historical accountability, sensitivity to varying capacities, and inclusive participation. |
| Date: | 2025–07–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:mfjcd_v1 |
| By: | Yixuan Huang; Kailai Wang; Jian Shi |
| Abstract: | The transition to hydrogen powered transportation requires regionally tailored yet scalable infrastructure planning. This study presents the first Texas specific, multi-period mixed integer optimization model for hydrogen transportation from 2025 to 2050, addressing challenges in infrastructure phasing, asset coordination, and multimodal logistics. The framework introduces three innovations: (1) phased deployment with delayed investment constraints, (2) dynamic modeling of fleet aging and replacement, and (3) a clustering-based hub structure enabling adaptive two-stage hydrogen delivery. Simulations show pipeline deployment supports up to 94.8% of hydrogen flow by 2050 under high demand, reducing transport costs by 23% compared to vehicle-based systems. However, one-year construction delays reduce pipeline coverage by over 60%, shifting reliance to costlier road transport. While the study focuses on Texas, its modular design and adaptable inputs apply to other regions. It provides a tool for policy makers and stakeholders to manage hydrogen transitions under logistical and economic constraints. |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2505.13918 |
| By: | Buentjen, Cora; Perkins, Richard; Sullivan, Rory |
| Abstract: | A growing number of investors are adopting net-zero targets. Based on semi-structured interviews with 20 asset managers – primarily investing in public equities and fixed-income – this paper investigates the factors influencing target-setting. Novel to the literature, we show that investor coalitions have played a central role in the institutionalisation of net zero, including through the dissemination of ‘best practice’ guidance. However, significant variations are found in the degree to which asset managers have aligned with, or even exceeded, this guidance. To understand this heterogeneity, we propose a new typology, which distinguishes investors as hedgers, fast followers, and leaders. A combination of internal factors (such as resources and organisational values) and external pressures (including client preferences and regulatory contexts) are shown to explain these variations. Our analysis reveals that net-zero target-setting is largely a continuation of asset managers’ past responsible investment practices, shaped by their existing capabilities, beliefs, and client bases. |
| Keywords: | net zero; investor; asset manager; decarbonisation; climate change; fiduciary duty; greenwashing; coalition; entrepreneurship; institutionalism |
| JEL: | G11 Q51 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–07–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:128341 |