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on Energy Economics |
| By: | Lucas Lamby (Center for International Development at Harvard University); Lucila Venturi; Jose Ignacio Hernandez; Ricardo Hausmann (Harvard's Growth Lab) |
| Abstract: | Bolivia’s energy system is in structural decline. Natural gas production has fallen 54% since its 2014 peak, collapsing export volumes and turning hydrocarbons from a fiscal engine into a net drain on reserves. The cause is institutional, not geological: the 2005–2009 nationalization cycle increased state revenue capture during the commodity boom but weakened the incentives for long-term exploration. Fuel and domestic gas subsidies compounded the problem, distorting price signals and crowding out renewable investment. The current administration’s January 2026 fuel reform raised diesel prices by 163% and gasoline by 86%, but the heightened global oil prices have displayed the remaining structural weakness and domestic gas subsidy remains untouched, costing Bolivia over $900 million in forgone export earnings in 2025 alone. The reform agenda requires three priority actions: embedding fuel prices in a rules-based formula; restructuring hydrocarbons contracts to restore exploration incentives; and accelerating renewable energy deployment to free up natural gas for export. |
| Keywords: | Bolivia, energy |
| Date: | 2026–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:glh:wpfacu:263 |
| By: | Till Köveker; Philipp Cremer |
| Abstract: | Empirical evidence on price premiums for green intermediate products is scarce, especially for energy-intensive basic materials. Evidence on such green premiums is relevant, as they may affect companies incentives to invest in green production technologies. Moreover, green premiums are important for the design of green support programmes, as support levels could be adjusted for companies’ green revenues. This paper proposes a new approach for estimating green premiums for basic materials. Basic material buyers’ additional willingness to pay for green inputs is estimated based on their reported internal carbon prices. This green willingness to pay is used to construct a demand curve for green basic materials. Short-to medium-term green supply is derived from low-carbon basic material production facilities that have been announced or are under construction. The proposed methodology is then applied to estimate and predict green premiums in the steel sector. The results indicate that green steel premiums will be too low and too transient to generate significant incentives to invest in green primary steel production facilities. Other policies such as effective carbon prices and carbon contracts for difference are and will be central in driving the green steel transition. Green steel premiums may only play a complementary role in the first years of the transition |
| Keywords: | Green Premium, Internal Carbon Price, Willingness to Pay, Green Steel, Steel Industry, Decarbonization, Climate Policy |
| JEL: | Q02 L61 Q59 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp2167 |
| By: | Zhao, Jingyuan; Fulton, Lewis |
| Abstract: | This report presents a comparative assessment of seven zero-emission vehicle and near-zero-emission pathways for heavy-duty freight applications: battery fast charging, battery swapping, catenary electric road systems, inductive electric road systems, hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles (H2ICEVs), and diesel internal combustion engine vehicles equipped with carbon capture and storage (ICEV-CCS). To enable a consistent system-level comparison, we develop a unified techno-economic modeling framework, SHIFT (Systemic Heavy-duty Infrastructure Framework for Transition), which quantifies and contrasts these pathways across multiple key performance indicators, including fuel cost, energy efficiency, levelized system cost, and levelized cost of transport, using a stochastic Monte Carlo simulation framework with bounded techno-economic parameter sampling. The simulations incorporate variations in fleet size, electricity pricing, infrastructure costs, and system efficiencies, generating 10, 080 stochastic realizations across technologies, duty cycles, and energy supply configurations. The analysis covers three representative freight applications: short-haul, regional-haul, and long-haul trucking, capturing duty-cycle-specific infrastructure and operational trade-offs. The results suggest that in the early deployment years (e.g., 2030), battery swapping and fast charging show greater potential to achieve lower levelized system costs under small-scale deployment conditions, primarily due to lower capital intensity and better scalability at low fleet utilization. In contrast, electric road systems require substantial initial infrastructure investment but demonstrate strong scalability in high-throughput freight corridors. Among these systems, catenary electric road systems become increasingly favorable for densely trafficked long-haul corridors by 2040, particularly when infrastructure is shared across large aggregated fleets. FCEVs remain economically challenging during early deployment phases, particularly at small scale, due to both vehicle and infrastructure costs. Their competitiveness improves primarily under conditions of rapid scale-up of hydrogen production and refueling infrastructure, higher station utilization, and access to low-cost renewable hydrogen enabled by favorable supply-chain configurations. H2ICEVs provide a transitional alternative by leveraging shared hydrogen refueling infrastructure while requiring lower vehicle capital costs, although their overall efficiency remains lower than that of fuel cell powertrains. More broadly, the long-term viability of hydrogen-based trucking depends critically on the evolution of the hydrogen supply system, with economics improving as low-cost hydrogen from off-grid renewable resources and high-utilization pipeline delivery networks become available. ICEVs equipped with CCS, operating on diesel fuel, represent a conditional decarbonization pathway toward near-zero-emission performance by reducing tailpipe CO2 emissions through on-board carbon capture. However, residual combustion emissions and incomplete capture prevent full zero-emission performance. Overall, these findings aim to offer strategic insights for transportation agencies, utilities, and industry stakeholders, supporting cost-effective infrastructure deployment, resilient energy planning, and targeted policy interventions to accelerate the transition to sustainable freight systems. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, zero-emission vehicles, heavy-duty, fast charging, swapping, catenary, inductive, hydrogen, electric road, levelized system cost, energy efficiency, well-to-wheel, infrastructure, policy, trucks |
| Date: | 2026–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt1s30n0rf |
| By: | Amady Léchenet |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses whether the European Union’s target of achieving 15% cross-border electricity interconnection by 2030 can ease the mitigation of CO2 emissions. Using the open-source Python for Power System Analysis (PyPSA)-Eur modeling framework, we develop a large scale linear optimization model of power systems of France, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. The model endogenously optimizes generation, storage, and transmission capacities under technical constraints, while incorporating policy constraints in the form of both a minimum interconnection requirement and alternative CO2 emission caps. Our results show that implementing the interconnection target alone yields only marginal carbon reductions relative to the baseline. Although 15% is not cost-optimal for each country, significant changes in electricity generation and decreases in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions are obtained with enhanced cross-border interconnections. Grid development significantly facilitates deeper decarbonization by enabling higher renewable penetration, reducing flexible fossil-based generation, and reshaping cross-border electricity flows. |
| Keywords: | Market coupling, cross-border interconnection, CO₂ mitigation, power system optimization, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) integration |
| JEL: | Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q51 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2026-10 |
| By: | Joo Hye Kim (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Pyoung Seob Yang (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 탄소중립 실현을 위해 태양광 패널, 풍력 터빈 등 재생에너지 발전과 전기차(배터리) 보급이 전 세계적으로 확대되면서 이 제품들의 원료인 핵심광물에 대한 수요가 급증하고 있다. 문제는 중국이 채굴(원광·정광)부터 정·제련(기초·가공 금속), 재자원화(스크랩)에 이르기까지 글로벌 핵심광물 공급망 전 단계에서 주도적인 위치를 차지하고 있다는 점이다. 특히 정·제련 분야에서 중국의 영향력은 압도적이며, 채굴 단계에서도 일부 광물에 대해 상당한 지배력을 행사하고 있다. 이에 미국, EU, 일본 등 주요국과 함께 한국정부도 대중국 의존도 축소(탈중국)와 에너지 구조 전환(탈탄소)을 목표로 핵심광물의 공급 안정화 전략을 강화하고 있다. 특히 한국은 전기차 배터리와 반도체 등 첨단산업의 주요 제조국임에도, 리튬·코발트·니켈 등 핵심광물 정·제련 제품의 대중국 수입의존도가 70%를 넘어 공급망 취약성이 높다. Together with the global expansion of projects to realize carbon neutrality, demand for key minerals—used as raw materials for renewable energy power generation such as solar panels and wind turbines, as well as for electric vehicles (batteries)—is rapidly increasing. One major concern is that China holds a dominant position across all stages of the global critical minerals supply chain, from mining (ore and concentrate) to refining and smelting (basic and processed metals), and recycling (scrap). In particular, China’s influence in the refining and smelting sector is overwhelming, and the nation also exerts significant control over the mining stage for certain minerals. In response, major countries including the United States, the EU, Japan, and the Korean government are strategically working to establish stable supply chains in this area, aiming to reduce reliance on China (de-Chinaization) and to transition energy structures towards decarbonization. Notably, although Korea is a major manufacturer in advanced industries such as electric vehicle batteries and semiconductors, its dependence on China for refined and processed products of critical minerals like lithium, cobalt, and nickel exceeds 70%, posing significant vulnerabilities in its supply chain. |
| Keywords: | China;Critical Mineral;Supply Chain;Economic Security;Economic Cooperation |
| Date: | 2025–08–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepre:022545 |
| By: | Ara Jo; Sébastien Houde |
| Abstract: | This paper disentangles the roles of within-firm improvement and between-firm selection and market reallocation in determining aggregate energy intensity. Our analysis shows that selection and market reallocation play a stronger role than within-firm improvement in driving aggregate declines in energy intensity, despite the strong focus on within-firm response to climate policy measures in the existing empirical literature. We also find that these mechanisms, in particular the selection channel, can be leveraged by environmental policy. |
| Keywords: | industry dynamics, energy intensity, decarbonization, environmental policy, manufacturing sector |
| JEL: | Q40 Q52 Q58 L50 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12695 |
| By: | Paul, Arindam; Kumar Behera, Manash; Sahoo, Dukhabandhu; Mohapatra, Souryabrata |
| Abstract: | Energy risks in the post-COVID-19 era pose significant challenges for human civilisation, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region, which remains highly vulnerable to energy crises. Although renewable energy is widely regarded as a strategic response, empirical research examining the nexus between energy risks and the renewable energy transition in this region remains limited. This study addresses the gap by investigating the impacts of energy uncertainty and insecurity on renewable energy transition across nine Asia-Pacific economies from 1991-2021. Employing the method of moments quantile regression, the findings reveal that both energy risks accelerate the transition, with stronger effects observed at more advanced stages. Furthermore, GDP per capita and foreign direct investment facilitate the transition, while green innovation unexpectedly hinders progress, reflecting potential underinvestment in environmental technologies. Causality tests confirm a unidirectional relationship from energy transition to uncertainty. The results underscore the urgency of enhancing renewable infrastructure, storage capacity, and foreign investment. |
| Keywords: | Energy-related uncertainty; Energy insecurity; Energy transition; Method of moments quantile regression; Asia-Pacific |
| JEL: | C33 D81 Q42 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128214 |
| By: | Farhad Billimoria; Paul Simshauser |
| Keywords: | Electricity markets, risk trading, project finance, contract design, energy storage |
| JEL: | D47 D52 D53 G12 Q40 |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2609 |
| By: | Zivkovic Lazar; Fabbri Emanuele (European Commission - JRC); Strbac Dijana; Mitic Petar; Ljumovic Isidora |
| Abstract: | The Western Balkans are entering the energy transition under structurally more demanding conditions than most EU Member States. High carbon intensity, ageing energy infrastructure, and continued reliance on coal and hydropower intersect with increasing pressures stemming from EU climate policy, market integration, and the introduction of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism. This report examines the implications of decarbonisation for competitiveness, energy security, and economic development across the Western Balkans. Drawing on quantitative indicators and qualitative evidence, the analysis highlights structural characteristics of regional energy systems and identifies key barriers to the effective implementation of the transition. The findings indicate that while renewable energy deployment is accelerating, progress is constrained by outdated grid infrastructure, limited institutional capacity, and restricted access to finance. The report concludes that successful decarbonisation will depend on strengthening implementation capacity, mobilising large-scale investment in energy infrastructure, and aligning energy transition policies with broader competitiveness and place-based transformation strategies. Based on these findings, the report outlines a set of policy recommendations aimed at strengthening institutional capacity, accelerating grid modernisation, and improving access to financing mechanisms that can support a sustainable and competitive energy transition in the region. |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc146627 |
| By: | Aries Eric (European Commission - JRC); Retsoulis Ioannis (European Commission - JRC); Gonzalez Cuenca Jose (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This report presents a systematic assessment of 30 innovative techniques/processes in the Iron and Steel (IS) sector for depollution, decarbonisation, resource efficiency and circularity. The work is carried out by INCITE under Article 27a of the Industrial Emissions Directive, following an integrated approach for assessing the technique’s degree of maturity (i.e. Technology Readiness Level), environmental performance (e.g. greenhouse gas emissions reduction, air/water emissions reduction, energy consumption, circularity), cost effectiveness and cross media effects. Eighteen techniques with high degree of maturity which could provide significant environmental benefits, are proposed to be considered in the forthcoming review of the Iron and Steel Best Available Techniques Reference Document (IS BREF) (commencing in 2026). The report provides information on the deployment of key decarbonisation routes. Between 2026 and 2030, approximately 17 Mt yr⁻¹ of direct reduced iron production capacity (eight plants) together with about 35 Mt yr⁻¹ of new electric arc furnace steelmaking capacity (sixteen plants) is confirmed, marking a decisive shift of the EU steel industry towards both hydrogen steelmaking and electrification / steel scrap recycling. These findings support the EU’s zero pollution ambition and the 2030/2040 climate targets, providing sound technical information which can be used for developing stronger environmental norms (BAT conclusions) for the IS sector in Europe. |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc146558 |
| By: | Hertwich, Edgar; Liu, Yiwen; Jiang, Meng |
| Abstract: | The importance of machinery and equipment (ME) to the use of materials and thus to the circular economy and their contribution to climate change mitigation has only recently been recognized. Previous analyses based on EXIOBASE distinguished only five types of ME, giving a coarse picture that is not satisfactory to pinpoint opportunities for mitigation. Here we utilize the US benchmark input-output tables, which represent the production and use of 65 types of ME. We use Hypothetical Extraction Method (HEM) to identify the part of the carbon footprint that can be attributed to the input of materials and energy as well as the use of transport and capital equipment. We use Structural Path Analysis (SPA) to identify those suppliers important for contributing to the carbon footprint of the product of interest through using materials, energy, transport, capital, or direct emissions. We illustrate the application of this path extraction (PEX) to the greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) of the production of material handling equipment. Cut-off criteria need to be set to less than 0.5% of total impacts to consider more than the first tear of suppliers to each of the investigated production processes. |
| Keywords: | machinery and equipment production, supply chains, material efficiency, climate change mitigation |
| JEL: | D57 L60 L64 Q56 Q57 |
| Date: | 2026–05–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:129194 |
| By: | Jukwan Lee (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | The global trade environment is rapidly shifting due to the deepening climate crisis and escalating protectionism, characterized by major nations implementing unilateral trade measures—such as the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and the U.S.'s Inflation Reduction Act (IRA)—that prioritize domestic economic interests. In response to this trend, international cooperation is evolving into new forms, notably the Green Economy Agreement (GEA), which seeks to pursue both climate crisis response and economic growth simultaneously. This study confirms the necessity of establishing a Korean-style GEA roadmap to effectively manage the evolving nexus of global climate-trade measures. Korea, with its large manufacturing sector, faces the critical dual challenge of achieving carbon neutrality while securing industrial competitiveness. GEAs serve as a crucial mechanism for enhancing strategic cooperation, ensuring climate policy continuity against domestic political volatility (acting as a 'policy anchor'), and generating new market opportunities. The key objectives of this study are: first, to systematically analyze the definition, status, and features of existing GEAs globally and in Korea; second, empirically evaluate the economic impact of GEA elements on Korean exports and the macroeconomy; and third, propose a comprehensive, phased roadmap and implementation strategy (short, medium, and long term) based on a strategic modular GEA model. |
| Keywords: | Green; climate change; trade; agreement |
| Date: | 2025–11–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:022501 |
| By: | Nijhara, Garv; Verma, Renu; Bansal, Twinkle; Jyoti, Divya |
| Abstract: | Decentralized Carbon Markets in India is a forward-looking and research-driven work that explores the emerging landscape of carbon trading through decentralized frameworks, particularly within the Indian context. As global climate commitments intensify and nations move toward achieving targets under the Paris Agreement, this book critically examines how decentralized mechanisms—powered by blockchain technology, digital MRV (Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification) systems, and community-driven carbon initiatives—can reshape India’s carbon economy. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of India’s evolving carbon market structure, including compliance and voluntary markets, while highlighting the limitations of centralized systems such as lack of transparency, inefficiencies, and limited accessibility for small stakeholders. It introduces the concept of decentralized carbon markets as a transformative solution that enhances transparency, traceability, and inclusivity—particularly for rural communities, farmers, and MSMEs. Through theoretical insights, policy analysis, and real-world case discussions, the book bridges the gap between environmental economics, climate policy, and financial innovation. It also evaluates the role of government initiatives, private sector participation, and international collaborations in fostering a robust decentralized carbon ecosystem in India. Importantly, this book lays the foundation for understanding how India can leverage decentralized carbon markets not only to meet its climate goals but also to generate sustainable economic opportunities at the grassroots level. |
| Keywords: | Decentralized Carbon Markets Carbon Markets in India Carbon Trading Systems Carbon Credits Carbon Pricing Carbon Finance Climate Policy Sustainable Development Environmental Economics Carbon Economy |
| JEL: | Q50 Q51 |
| Date: | 2025–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128733 |
| By: | Shilin Ou; Yifan Xu; Zhenshan Zhang; Luyao Zhang; Ming-Chun Huang |
| Abstract: | Urban decarbonization requires scaling rooftop solar across millions of fragmented producers, yet cities face a fundamental tension: energy data is easily manipulated, and economic incentives often reward speculation rather than actual infrastructure deployment. We present SolarChain, a platform that resolves both problems by anchoring digital accountability to the thermodynamic limits of solar energy conversion. Using real-time meteorological data, geospatial coordinates, and first-principles calculations of solar yield, the system establishes a hard physical boundary for every panel's maximum possible output; any reported generation exceeding this limit is automatically rejected before entering the shared ledger. This trustless verification enables a peer-to-peer marketplace with programmatic reward structures that continuously reinvest value into equipment maintenance and market liquidity, preventing the speculative hoarding that typically destabilizes blockchain-based marketplaces. When electricity is consumed, the corresponding digital credits are permanently retired in direct proportion to physical energy dissipation, creating an auditable one-to-one mapping between urban consumption and carbon accounting. Deployed across heterogeneous city nodes, the prototype demonstrates resilience against data injection attacks while lowering capital barriers for community-level solar expansion. Beyond energy, the framework offers a general model for coordinating economic activity with physical law in any domain where distributed infrastructure demands both data integrity and sustainable investment. We release the data and code as open-access on GitHub. |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2605.23162 |
| By: | Jarvis, Stephen |
| Abstract: | Large infrastructure projects have important social benefits but can also prompt strong local opposition. I estimate the economic costs of NIMBY (not in my backyard) attitudes and local planning restrictions by studying renewable energy projects. Using data on thousands of permitting applications, I show that wind and solar projects can have highly heterogeneous impacts depending on their characteristics and location. In some cases this includes significant external local costs, and I conduct a hedonic analysis to quantify the impact on nearby property values. I then show that planning officials are particularly sensitive to these local costs, especially when wealthy residents are affected. This often comes at the expense of considering the wider social benefits of these projects. These biases in the permitting process create inefficiencies that increased costs and led to substantial underinvestment in renewable energy. |
| Keywords: | renewable energy; infrastructure; NIMBY; permitting |
| JEL: | R11 R52 Q42 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–07–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:125611 |
| By: | Jean-Guillaume Sahuc; Barbara Annicchiarico; Gauthier Vermandel |
| Abstract: | We study the intergenerational distributional effects of carbon pricing during the green transition in an overlapping-generations New Keynesian model calibrated to euro-area household micro data. Climate policy generates systematic redistribution across cohorts through two channels: a labor-income channel, driven by wage compression and lower labor demand, and a financial-wealth channel, driven by asset revaluation and higher real returns. The labor- income channel dominates quantitatively , generating persistent welfare losses of up to 6 percent in permanent-consumption equivalents for working-age households, while retirees experience comparable gains. Revenue recycling can mitigate these asymmetries, requiring 40 to 68 per- cent of carbon-tax revenues to be directed toward financial-income tax relief. Monetary policy has limited influence on the overall redistributive pattern. |
| Keywords: | Climate policy , carbon pricing, intergenerational redistribution, overlapping generations, fiscal policy , New Keynesian model |
| JEL: | E21 E32 E52 H23 Q54 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2026-11 |
| By: | Danilo Leiva-León; Giovanni P. Olivei; Ara Patvakanian; Egon Zakrajšek |
| Abstract: | The impact of today’s oil price shocks may differ markedly from those of shocks in the 1970s. As noted in the minutes of the April 28–29, 2026, Federal Open Market Committee meeting, two structural changes to the U.S. economy could cushion the impact: the substantial increase in domestic oil production and the declining share of spending devoted to energy. This brief examines empirical evidence on how these transformations have altered the U.S. economy’s vulnerability to oil shocks. |
| Keywords: | oil shocks; monetary policy; inflation (finance); employment |
| JEL: | E3 E23 E52 Q34 Q43 |
| Date: | 2026–06–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedbcq:103365 |
| By: | Gee Young Oh (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Yoon Jae Ro (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Ji Hyun Park (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Jihei Song (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Minhee Kim (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Hanbyeol Jang (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 본 보고서에서는 기후변화 대응을 위한 그린 전환과 기술 발전에 기반한 디지털 전환이라는 국제적 흐름 속에서, 두 전환의 연계와 시너지를 강조하는 ‘그린디지털 전환’을 위한 한국의 개발협력 방안을 도출하고자 한다. 디지털 기술은 기상·재난 조기경보, 에너지 효율화, 스마트그리드 등에서 그린 전환을 가속하는 한편, 데이터센터 전력소비와 전자폐기물 증가 등 새로운 탄소배출 및 환경 부담을 동반한다. 이러한 양면성으로 두 전환을 병렬적으로 다루는 접근이 아닌 통합적 접근이 필요하며, 그린디지털 전환에서의 ‘디지털을 활용한 기후대응(by digital)’뿐 아니라 ‘디지털 전환 자체의 탈탄소·친환경화(of digital)’에 대한 균형 잡힌 고민이 필요하다. 이 와중에 소득이 높은 개발도상국일수록 그린과 디지털 전환에 대한 수요가 모두 높은 가운데, 개발도상국 관점에서의 그린디지털 전환 전략과 지원은 아직 초기 단계에 머물러 있다.‘디지털 전환 자체의 탈탄소·친환경화’에 대한 논의는 상대적으로 미흡한 상황이다. Amid accelerating global trend of green transformation to address climate change and digital transformation driven by technological progress, this report proposes Korea’s development cooperation strategies to promote an integrated green digital transformation in developing countries. Digital technologies are powerful enablers of green transformation—enhancing climate early warning systems, improving energy efficiency, and advancing smart grids—yet they also create new environmental pressures, such as rising energy demand and electronic waste. This duality calls for an integrated approach – the “green digital transformation” - that simultaneously advances “climate response by digital technologies” and the “decarbonization and greening of digital transformation” itself. |
| Keywords: | Korea’s Cooperation Approach;Green Digital Transformation;Developing Countries;ODA;ICT economy |
| Date: | 2025–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:022526 |
| By: | Jean-Éric Pelet (IAE - IAE AMIENS); Basma Taieb (EMLV - École de management Léonard de Vinci); Panagiota Papadopoulou (NKUA - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens); Ana Semedo (Ilexpansions, France); Said Aboubaker Ettis (UJ - University of Jeddah [Arabie Saoudite]); Wang Pengxiang (UTokyo - The University of Tokyo); Iizuka Kayo (Senshu University); Wang Jing (Srinakharinwirot University); Chatelain Amber (Midway University); Bourimech Zakaria (IAE - IAE AMIENS); Chin-Ching Yin (Tapei Tech - National Taipei University of Technology) |
| Abstract: | Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is transforming educational practices worldwide, yet its widespread use conceals significant environmental costs rarely acknowledged in current Information Systems research. This study investigates students' awareness of the environmental footprint of GenAI tools across France, the United States, and China. Drawing on Green IS theory, we collected data via a survey administered online. Results reveal low levels of awareness regarding GenAI's energy consumption and carbon emissions, with notable cultural differences in attitudes toward sustainable AI use. While students express an interest in understanding the carbon footprint of AI queries, few are willing to alter their usage for ecological reasons, and ambivalence persists concerning the trade-off between AI performance and energy efficiency. The findings underscore an urgent need for universities to integrate environmental sustainability into AI-related curricula, balancing technological innovation with responsibility use of GenAI in higher education. |
| Abstract: | L'intelligence artificielle générative (IAG) transforme les pratiques éducatives à travers le monde, mais son utilisation généralisée masque des coûts environnementaux importants, rarement pris en compte dans la recherche actuelle en systèmes d'information. Cette étude examine la perception qu'ont les étudiants de l'impact environnemental des outils d'IAG en France, aux États-Unis et en Chine. S'appuyant sur la théorie des systèmes d'information verts, nous avons recueilli des données via un questionnaire en ligne. Les résultats révèlent une faible sensibilisation à la consommation énergétique et aux émissions de carbone de l'IAG, ainsi que des différences culturelles notables quant aux attitudes envers une utilisation durable de l'IA. Si les étudiants manifestent un intérêt pour la compréhension de l'empreinte carbone des requêtes d'IA, peu sont disposés à modifier leur utilisation pour des raisons écologiques, et une certaine ambivalence persiste quant au compromis entre performance de l'IA et efficacité énergétique. Ces résultats soulignent l'urgence pour les universités d'intégrer le développement durable dans les cursus liés à l'IA, en conciliant innovation technologique et utilisation responsable de l'IAG dans l'enseignement supérieur. |
| Keywords: | Higher Education, Green IS, Environmental Awareness, Sustainability, Generative AI |
| Date: | 2025–10–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05630227 |
| By: | Gee Young OH (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | Amid the accelerating global trends of green transformation (GX) to address climate change and digital transformation (DX) driven by technological progress, the need for an integrated approach to these two transitions has become increasingly important. In this context, the concept of green digital transformation, or the twin transformation, has emerged as a key policy agenda, defined as an approach that simultaneously promotes climate response through digital technologies and the decarbonization and greening of digital transformation itself.<p> Digital technologies can serve as powerful enablers of green transformation. They improve climate early warning systems, enhance energy efficiency, support smart grids, and facilitate more effective environmental monitoring. At the same time, however, digital transformation also generates new environmental pressures, including increased energy and water consumption and growing volumes of electronic waste. Such duality highlights the importance of pursuing digital and green transformation in an integrated manner rather than as separate policy agendas.<p> Although middle- and high-income developing countries are showing growing demand for both green and digital transformation, policy strategies and support mechanisms for integrated green digital transformation remain limited. To address this gap, Oh et al. (2025) proposes Korea’s international development cooperation strategies and policy directions for promoting green digital transformation as an initial step toward cooperation with developing countries. The purpose of this report is to present the main findings of Oh et al. (2025), which draws on international policy discussions, cross-country analyses, major donor strategies, and developing countries’ needs and constraints. |
| Keywords: | Digital transformation; Green transformation; Twin transformation; ODA |
| Date: | 2026–04–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:022514 |
| By: | Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) |
| Abstract: | This policy brief assesses ASEAN’s increasing exposure to energy supply disruptions, particularly through critical chokepoints such as the Strait of Hormuz, and underscores the urgent need to strengthen regional resilience. Rising import dependence, combined with limited and uneven oil and gas stockpiling capacity, leaves the region highly vulnerable to immediate supply shocks that market mechanisms alone cannot address. Building on the policy direction articulated by President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr., the brief calls for a shift from analysis to implementation through co-ordinated and scalable stockpiling strategies. It identifies joint stockpiling as the central pillar, complemented by hybrid models and diversified financing mechanisms. Strengthening stockpiling systems is therefore essential not only to ensure supply continuity and stabilise markets, but also to enhance ASEAN’s long-term energy security and economic resilience. Latest Articles |
| Date: | 2026–04–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:pb-2026-01 |
| By: | Tahir, Sumiya; Audi, Marc; Ali, Amjad |
| Abstract: | This paper examined the effect of green and brown foreign direct investment on economic growth in ten Central and Eastern European countries. It also examines how trade openness, inflation, and consumption of renewable energy determine long and short-term economic performance, and the asymmetric impacts of foreign direct investment composition are also highlighted. The Annual data between 1995 and 2024 was estimated by Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) models to estimate the short-run dynamics and long-run equilibrium relationships. To establish the order of integration, stationarity tests, such as the Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron, were performed. The analysis of cointegration and asymmetry effects was done to measure the relative contribution of green and brown foreign direct investment to GDP growth. Empirical evidence shows that the impact of green foreign direct investment on the GDP is positive and statistically significant both in the long-term and in the short-term (effective only limited or even negative) in the short-term. Trade openness and the consumption of renewable energy have a positive effect on the growth of the economy, which shows the advantages of entering global markets and producing low-carbon technologies. Inflation negatively impacts the GDP, which proves the significance of macroeconomic stability in investment productivity. The results of the analysis also indicate a cointegration relationship amongst variables in the long run, and the asymmetric tests indicate that positive inflows of green foreign direct investment have stronger growth effects compared to the similar effects of reductions. The paper highlights how green foreign direct investment should be encouraged with strategic significance to support the long-term economic growth of transition economies. The policy measures that promote environment-based investments, trade facilitation strategy, and energy transition strategies have a significant impact on the attainment of low-carbon and inclusive development. The findings suggest that policy frameworks should prioritize environmentally sustainable investment and strengthen renewable energy transitions to achieve long-term economic growth. |
| Keywords: | Green Foreign Direct Investment, Brown Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth, Trade Openness, Inflation, Renewable Energy, Central and Eastern Europe |
| JEL: | F21 O4 Q3 |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128997 |
| By: | Whelan, Isabelle; Luiu, Carlo; Pope, Francis D. |
| Abstract: | In the UK, the transport sector is a major contributor to air pollution, and associated pollution remains one of the most serious environmental risks to public health. As cities transition to more sustainable transport systems, gaining public support for measures that restrict car use and encourage modal shift to alternative modes remains a key challenge. Understanding public attitudes is crucial for creating policies that are not only effective but also socially acceptable. This study examines how air quality perceptions and environmental attitudes shape support for clean air and sustainable transport interventions in Birmingham, UK. A mixed methods approach was employed, combining an assessment of local air quality trends with a survey of 176 residents to capture their attitudinal, behavioural and contextual factors at play. The findings show high levels of concern about local air quality and support for enabling investments in public transport and active travel infrastructure. However, persistent motonormative attitudes and polarisation around restrictive policies such as congestion charges and traffic filtering schemes reveal potential social and political challenges of reducing car dependency. These patterns highlight the importance of equitable policy design, clearer public communication, and long term efforts to shift mobility norms. Overall, the findings indicate that reducing traffic-related emissions in Birmingham will require an effective coordinated strategy integrating infrastructure investment, affordability improvements, enhanced safety, and cultural change to support sustainable travel behaviours. |
| Date: | 2026–05–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:7fv5g_v1 |
| By: | Theodoulou, Ivi |
| Abstract: | Climate change has become a central concern in 21st-century economic policy, influencing monetary, fiscal, competition, and social security strategies. This paper examines how the United Kingdom has integrated climate objectives into its policy frameworks, aligning with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Bank of England has implemented carbon reduction targets, renewable energy adoption, and climate stress-tests to enhance financial stability. Fiscal policies, including investment in climate adaptation and mitigation, demonstrate proactive planning for both acute and chronic climate-related risks. Competition policy enables climate change agreements that promote sustainable practices while remaining consistent with international standards. Social security measures, including financial support, green job programs, and energy subsidies, safeguard vulnerable populations from climate impacts. The UK’s approach illustrates a holistic model in which economic, environmental, and social policies intersect, advancing resilience, sustainability, and equitable development. |
| Keywords: | : Climate change, SDGs, UK policy, monetary policy, fiscal policy, social security, competition policy, sustainability, net-zero.; Climate change, SDGs, UK policy, monetary policy, fiscal policy, social security, competition policy, sustainability, net-zero. |
| JEL: | Q54 |
| Date: | 2026–05–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:129161 |
| By: | Guillermo Marshall; Alvaro Parra (University of British Columbia, Sauder School of Business; Dalhousie University, Department of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Why have firms chosen to self-impose a carbon tax where governments have failed to act? We provide an answer to this question by highlighting a novel mechanism in which a firm can use a self-imposed carbon tax to relax the intensity of price competition with its rivals, making it a profitable strategy. The mechanism we highlight does not depend on the self-imposed carbon tax shifting demand or yielding marketing benefits (e.g., making the firm’s products more attractive to consumers because they are considered “green†). We discuss implications for market efficiency and the interaction of this mechanism with opportunities to invest in emission abatement technology. |
| Date: | 2026–05–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dal:wpaper:daleconwp2026-03 |
| By: | Krzysztof Wojtowicz; Eddy Bekkers; Maksym Chepeliev; Ayse Nihal Yilmaz |
| Abstract: | In this paper we introduce the Global Trade Analysis Project Critical Minerals (GTAP-CM) Data Base which is an extension of the GTAP Circular Economy (GTAP-CE) Data Base with 35 additional sectors. The additional sectors are related to the renewable energy value chain, including electric vehicles, solar panels, wind turbines, batteries and permanent magnets, as well as mining and refining products used in these sectors. Data reconciliation is implemented using the MSplitCom utility and RAS balancing method, utilizing data inputs on bilateral trade, production, cost and supply structures. We describe how a range of data inputs from various sources are combined, processed and reconciled to generate these data inputs. Trade data at the HS6 level are sourced from the BACI international trade database compiled by CEPII, production data for mining goods are from United States Geological Survey (USGS), data for downstream activities are derived from BloombergNEF, International Energy Agency (IEA) and several other complementary data sources, cost and supply structures are compiled using inputs from the academic literature and technical information. Data processing and reconciliation includes harmonizing units of trade and production data, adjusting the cases of exports exceeding domestic production, and estimating unavailable production values using constrained optimization procedures, among other steps. |
| Date: | 2026 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gta:resmem:7918 |
| By: | Wonseok Choi (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Soo Hyun (Catherine) Oh (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Sunghun Cho (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Jin Hee Hong (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Boyeong Park (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 본 연구의 목적은 전기차 배터리, 반도체, 재생에너지 설비 등 전략산업의 근간인 핵심광물의 공급망 위험을 진단하고, 한국의 ‘10대 전략 핵심광물’을 중심으로 수입 의존 구조와 협력대상국을 도출해 통상협정을 활용한 공급망 강화방안을 제시하는 것이다. 본 보고서의 연구 범위는 Kowalski and Legendre (2023)의 분류를 바탕으로 한국의 10대 전략 핵심광물별 원광ㆍ중간재ㆍ스크랩 등을 HS6로 연계해 분석하였다. 본 보고서의 구성은 크게 글로벌 공급망ㆍ리스크 및 한국의 수입 구조 등 공급망을 분석하는 파트(제2~제3장)와 협정 네트워크ㆍ조항 분석과 전략을 제안하는 파트(제4~제6장)로 구성되었다. The purpose of this study is to assess the supply chain risks of critical minerals that form the foundation of strategic industries such as electric vehicle batteries, semiconductors, and renewable energy equipment. Focusing on Korea’s “Top 10 Strategic Critical Minerals, ” it identifies the import dependency structure and key partner countries, and proposes ways to strengthen supply chains through trade agreements. The analytical scope of this report follows the classification of Kowalski and Legendre (2023) and links raw materials, intermediates, and scrap by HS6 codes for each of Korea’s ten strategic critical minerals. The report consists of two main parts: a global supply chain and risk analysis, including Korea’s import structure (Chapters 2-3), and an agreement network, clause analysis, and strategic proposals (Chapters 4-6). |
| Keywords: | Trade Agreements;Critical mineral supply chains;Economic security;International trade |
| Date: | 2025–12–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:022524 |
| By: | Youngsun Kim (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)); Kwangho Ryu (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 최근 글로벌 안보 환경은 그 어느 때보다 불확실성이 증대되고 있다. 특히 에너지 분야는 구조적 변화와 지정학적 재편이 급속히 전개되는 가운데, 미·중 전략 경쟁 심화, 러시아-우크라이나 전쟁의 장기화, 기후변화 대응과 에너지 전환 가속화, 미국 트럼프 2기 행정부 출범 등 다양한 요인이 맞물리며 국제 정치 질서와 글로벌 에너지 시장의 불안정성을 더욱 심화하고 있다. 이처럼 급변하는 국제 환경 속에서 에너지 안보는 국가 안보, 외교 전략, 그리고 에너지 지정학이 결합된 핵심 이슈로 부상하고 있다. Global security conditions have become more uncertain than ever in recent years. In particular, the energy sector is experiencing rapid structural changes and a swift geopolitical realignment, while multiple factors—including the intensification of strategic competition between the United States and China, the prolonged Russia–Ukraine war, accelerated climate-change responses and energy transitions, and the launch of the second Trump administration in the United States—are intertwining to further deepen the instability of the international political order and the global energy market. Amid such a rapidly changing international environment, energy security is emerging as a core issue that combines national security, diplomatic strategy, and energy geopolitics. |
| Keywords: | China–GCC;Energy Cooperation;Economic Security;Energy Industry |
| Date: | 2025–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepre:022548 |
| By: | Ali, Amjad; Haider, Ali; Senturk, Ismail |
| Abstract: | This study examines the extent to which climate risk disclosure and company valuation are related to large-cap companies in the S&P 500 index. Using an analytical sample of 110 companies from 11 sectors, we constructed a composite score of climate risk disclosures in which firms earned between zero and four points, as defined by the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures. These four key pillars are governance, strategy, risk management, and climate-related metrics and targets; the score captures disclosures based on their depth as well as quality. Using multivariate regression models, we investigate how climate risk disclosure quality relates to two measures of firm valuation: market capitalization measured on a log-transformed scale and the price-to-book ratio, while controlling for other firm characteristics such as size, profitability, leverage, carbon emissions, audit quality, board independence, and industry fixed effects. The study finds a strong positive relationship between higher climate risk disclosure scores and higher firm valuation. Price-book ratio model does not reveal significant results for the disclosure score; the fixed effect model indicates a positive relationship, which means that investors with firm-specific differences tend to reward climate transparency better. The interaction model explains that this effect is accentuated in high-emission industries such as energy, utilities, and basic materials, indicating that pollution-intensive sectors are more sensitive to climate disclosure. Thus, these findings lend credence to signaling theory, stakeholder theory, and legitimacy theory, all of which underpin that high-quality disclosures reflect managerial competency, corporate legitimacy, and strategic foresight. The findings bear implications for corporate managers, institutional investors, and policymakers who advocate for standardized and high-quality climate risk reporting across sectors. |
| Keywords: | Climate Risk Disclosure, Firm Valuation, ESG |
| JEL: | D20 Q50 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:128754 |
| By: | Liao, Han-Teng; Ang, Karen |
| Abstract: | Global Business Services (GBS) have emerged as a "living laboratory" for the Twin Transition of Green and Digital Transformation, as multinational corporations (MNCs) face increasing pressure to harmonize digital efficiency with environmental stewardship. Aiming to derive a socio-technical framework, this paper synthesizes Technology Roadmapping (TRM) with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) ICT-centric innovation ecosystem toolkit. A bibliometric analysis of research clusters reveals an evolutionary shift from basic process automation toward "Sustainable Intelligence, " identifying the GBS unit as a central "operational airlock" that mediates between landscape pressures—such as the EU’s dual mandate and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms—and niche innovations in AI-native workflows. The study further maps these clusters onto a stakeholder engagement canvas, highlighting how resilient "Middle Power" hubs in Poland, Portugal, and Malaysia are bypassing the middle-income trap to provide a "third way" for global value chains amidst a bifurcated geopolitical cloud. The results offer a data-driven design approach for leaders and entrepreneurial support networks to orchestrate talent and supply chain flows, thereby enriching the conceptual understanding of Industry 5.0 and the role of GBS as a primary mechanism for navigating a volatile, multipolar digital economy. |
| Date: | 2026–06–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ktcxd_v1 |
| By: | Shehab, Elmekdad |
| Abstract: | Between February and April 2026, a joint American-Israeli air campaign against Iran drew retaliatory strikes across the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states. Global commentary settled quickly into a familiar frame, asking what the disruption meant for oil prices, shipping routes, and world supply chains. The question of what it meant for the Gulf itself, for its sixty million people and the trajectory of its development model, received far less attention. This monograph asks what the war revealed about the structure of the Gulf economy and where vulnerability proved greatest. It applies the Vulnerability Assessment Framework, a three-dimensional analytical tool rooted in the IPCC tradition and extended to economic systems by Briguglio et al. (2009) and Guillaumont (2010), to three foundational sectors: energy, food, and water. Across each, the framework decomposes vulnerability into exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Two patterns emerge, one sectoral and one systemic. At the sectoral level, exposure is uniformly high across all three sectors. Sensitivity varies with the time each sector grants for a response, lowest in energy and highest in water. Adaptive capacity moves in the opposite direction: strongest where urgency is least, weakest where it is greatest. At the systemic level, the analysis argues that Gulf diversification ambitions are geographically constrained. Despite two decades of effort, the economic tracks built to move beyond hydrocarbons, namely finance, tourism, aviation, and digital infrastructure, rest on the same foundational geography as the hydrocarbon model itself. What the war revealed is the need for a reframing of the challenge ahead away from the familiar question of how to move beyond oil and gas, and toward a harder one. How does a state build what this study terms a geographically hedged economy, one whose resilience does not depend on the stability of the very geography it cannot leave? |
| Keywords: | Gulf economies, economic vulnerability, GCC, Strait of Hormuz, energy security, food security, water security, Iran, vulnerability assessment framework, economic diversification |
| JEL: | F51 H12 O13 Q34 |
| Date: | 2026–05–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:129257 |
| By: | Ahmad, Ali |
| Abstract: | Energy access in conflict-affected states carries a cost premium — yet there is little evidence of its magnitude and whether it can, at least partially, be mitigated. Analyzing 923 World Bank–financed solar photovoltaic installations across the Republic of Yemen between 2019 and 2025, this analysis finds that project-level learning systematically reduces conflict-linked costs, including in the most volatile regions. The aggregate price decomposition attributes 16.8 percentage points of cost reduction to project-level factors. More generally, a Shapley Machine Learning decomposition of project-level cost variation confirms that project-level learning is the most powerful predictor, explaining 45.2 percent of cost variation. Critically, the conflict-cost relationship evolves over successive procurement cycles: early packages exhibit a significant positive conflict premium, which is gradually mitigated. Cost trajectories converge regardless of whether governorates experienced escalating or de-escalating violence, confirming that learning operates independently of security trends. |
| Date: | 2026–04–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11358 |
| By: | Nosan Klara; Aycart Javier (European Commission - JRC); Tomasi Claudio; Ibáñez Juan Nicolás (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | "The Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation (AFIR) sets out minimum requirements for the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure across EU Member States along the Trans-European Transport (TEN-T) road network. This report outlines the methods and algorithms developed by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) to monitor the deployment of alternative fuels recharging infrastructure, such as electric vehicle charging points and hydrogen refuelling stations, along TEN-T. The result of the methodology is a Gap Analysis Tool, which quantifies the compliance of EU Member States with the distance-based coverage targets along TEN-T set out in AFIR. The tool first combines the data available from the TENtec Information System with the high-resolution road transport network dataset TomTom MultiNet, to build a routable representation of TEN-T. The detailed topology for road segments and the information on traffic directions, traffic restrictions and travel speeds allow to simulate real-world driving conditions on the TEN-T road network, as well as driving between recharging points and the TEN-T network. In a second step, the tool incorporates a high-resolution charging infrastructure dataset into the transport network model built, to assess the coverage of the network by the charging infrastructure. The report includes three case studies on the results of the Gap Analysis Tool, applied to assess the compliance with different AFIR targets for light-duty electric vehicles along the TEN-T comprehensive road network and the TEN-T core road network, as well as to identify eligibility requirements as part of the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Facility (AFIF). Through extensive precomputation and customisable parametrisation, the Gap Analysis Tool ensures computational efficiency while enabling comprehensive scenario analysis and customisable parametrisation, to align with the AFIR targets under evaluation. Built on high-resolution data sources, it supports realistic driving modelling, enhancing the accuracy of policy assessments. The Gap Analysis Tool is the result of a collaboration under the administrative agreement between DG MOVE and the JRC, entitled ""Analysis of the Deployment of Alternative Fuels Infrastructure in the EU Based on High-Resolution Transport Networks"" (AFIRNET)." |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc144411 |
| By: | Moustapha Mounmemi (Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, CRESE UR3190, Chaire REEL.i, Réseau EDEN.i, F-25000 Besançon, France); Vincent Bertrand (Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, CRESE UR3190, Chaire REEL.i, Réseau EDEN.i, F-25000 Besançon, France); Philippe Canalda (Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, FEMTO-ST UMR6174, F-25000 Besançon, France) |
| Abstract: | Decarbonizing transport requires scalable alternatives to private vehicles, yet carpooling adoption remains limited due to coordination failures and weak network density. This paper develops a micro-founded framework of multimodal carpooling adoption under carbon pricing, behavioral nudges, and endogenous network effects. Agents choose between private transport and platform-based carpooling based on generalized costs and a participation-dependent matching probability. This generates nonlinear adoption dynamics, multiple equilibria, and tipping points driven by network externalities and matching efficiency. The model is calibrated using French mobility evidence and simulation-based methods. Results show that carbon pricing increases adoption but is constrained by coordination thresholds. Behavioral nudges significantly reduce these thresholds and amplify pricing effects. Platform efficiency critically determines whether the system converges to high or low adoption equilibria. Mu-CAR digital platform, currently under deployment, will provide future high-frequency mobility data enabling structural estimation and empirical validation. Overall, the framework highlights strong policy complementarities and network effects. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Pricing, Behavioral Nudges, Network Effects, Carpooling, Matching friction, Micro-founded Framework. |
| Date: | 2026–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crb:wpaper:2026-02 |
| By: | Takeshima, Hiroyuki; Yamauchi, Futoshi; Bawa, Dauda; Balana, Bedru |
| Abstract: | Modern cooling technologies that use renewable energy sources have been increasingly recognized as a promising tool to address a multitude of challenges emerging in progressively complex food systems in developing countries. When provided as cold storage inside horticulture markets, cooling technologies can contribute to improved quality of products and strengthened vertical linkages. Knowledge gaps about the medium- to long-term impacts of these technologies in developing countries remain, especially in Africa south of the Sahara (SSA). This study partly fills this knowledge gap by revisiting the 2021 short-term impact evaluation study (Takeshima et al. 2023) to assess the medium- to longer term impacts of interventions in northeast Nigeria in which 7 small solar-powered cold storages were installed across 7 horticulture markets. Combinations of difference-in-difference and variants of propensity score-based methods suggest that using cold storage significantly increased horticulture sales volumes and revenues of market agents. Using cold storage also reduced the share of food loss and lengthened the products’ shelf-life while raising prices received by both market agents and farmers, which were associated with improved product quality, expanded value-adding activities by market agents, and increased use of advance payments. We find no evidence of negative spillover effects inside horticulture markets. Observed effects are driven by the technical improvements that raise the efficiency of the use of purchased raw commodities, enabled by cold storage, based on modified efficiency analyses. At the same time, the efficiency of cold storage use remains low despite some improvement over time, and scopes exist to enhance this efficiency. |
| Keywords: | solar energy; cold storage; horticulture; markets; efficiency; food storage; food preservation; food losses; food systems; Nigeria; Western Africa |
| Date: | 2026–03–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:182199 |
| By: | Kpante Emmanuel Gnandi (INSA Toulouse); Fredy Pokou (MRE, CRIStAL); Jules Sadefo Kamdem (MRE) |
| Abstract: | Transition-related financial markets are increasingly exposed to abrupt repricing episodes, elevated volatility, and heterogeneous macro-financial shocks. Under such conditions, conventional Gaussian-linear forecasting frameworks may provide an incomplete representation of the dependence structure linking fossil-energy, renewable-energy, technology, and utility-sector assets. This paper investigates whether transition-related financial returns exhibit residual non-linear predictability after controlling for heavy-tailed multivariate linear dynamics. To address this question, we develop a hybrid forecasting framework combining Student-t Vector Autoregressions with nonlinear recurrent residual learning architectures. The empirical analysis considers six major exchange-traded funds representing broad equity markets and key transition-sensitive sectors. The results reveal substantial departures from Gaussian-linear behavior, including excess kurtosis, volatility clustering, and remaining nonlinear dependence after econometric filtering. Out-of-sample forecasting experiments show that the proposed framework consistently improves predictive accuracy relative to conventional VAR models, standalone machine-learning methods, and alternative hybrid specifications. The forecasting gains become more pronounced during periods of macro-financial stress, particularly during the COVID-19 crisis and the Ukraine-related energy shock. Overall, the findings suggest that transition-related financial systems exhibit regime-sensitive and heavy-tailed predictive dynamics that are insufficiently captured by standard Gaussian-linear models alone. |
| Date: | 2026–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2605.26890 |
| By: | Driscoll, Daniel; Larsen, Mathias |
| Abstract: | The problem of climate change further confounds the already complex relationship between states and markets in modern capitalism. In this state of the art article, we argue that current political economy scholarship is making sense of this occasion by incorporating decarbonization into the “return of the state” and “financialization” literatures and thus creating a “states–markets–decarbonization nexus.” We categorize this nexus into three core topic areas: international financial subordination, industrial policy, and comparative capitalisms. In each, we review key insights and provide an overview of the main scholarly contributions on how states and markets intersect with decarbonization. From there, we discuss how current scholarship can be more policy relevant, appreciate the coming realities of climate adaptation, and benefit from integrating the three core topics to capture a rapidly evolving global order. |
| Keywords: | interdisciplinarity; markets; the state; climate change; environment; finance |
| JEL: | Q58 E00 |
| Date: | 2026–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:138762 |
| By: | Wonseok CHOI (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | Korea’s push for critical minerals security is anchored in a broader economic security agenda that treats upstream inputs as strategic dependencies for high-tech industries (notably semiconductors and secondary batteries). In 2023, the government introduced a national strategy to secure a reliable supply of critical minerals with an explicit target of reducing Korea’s heavy reliance on imports from a small set of supplier countries—from around 80% to 50% by 2030. This strategy operationalizes “critical minerals” through a two-tier classification: 33 critical minerals selected for economic security management, and 10 strategic critical minerals designated for intensive management to stabilize supply chains for key industries. <p> The strategy combines market intelligence and buffer capacity. It includes plans to develop a global minerals supply map and an early-warning system for supply risks, while strengthening public stockpiling—raising the coverage target to 100 days (from 54 days) for critical minerals. In parallel, Korea has sought to expand international cooperation and diversify supply sources through plurilateral platforms and bilateral arrangements, positioning diplomacy (including MOUs) as a complement to domestic preparedness. |
| Keywords: | Critical Minerals; Agreements; Supply Chain; Investor Protection; Workforce Mobility |
| Date: | 2026–02–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:022507 |
| By: | Pearson, Lauren; de, Ana Luiza Santos Sa; Gerhard, Robyn; Abrahams, Jamie; Nosratzadeh, Hossein; Cumming, Toby; Beck, Ben |
| Abstract: | A sharp rise in fuel prices in March 2026 created a potential window for sustainable travel behaviour change in Australia. Yet who is positioned to change how they travel remains poorly understood. A population-representative online survey of 2, 177 Australian adults, conducted in April 2026, captured pre-crisis travel behaviour, mode shift considerations, and conditions supporting sustained change. Explainable machine learning (XGBoost, SHAP, supervised k-means clustering) identified amenable subgroups for walking, cycling, e-bikes, and public transport. Three quarters of respondents had changed or considered changing their travel behaviour. Walking was the most commonly adopted new mode (20%), and travel avoidance the most common adaptation (41%). Financial hardship and younger age were dominant predictors of amenability. Supervised clustering revealed three recurrent archetypes - financially pressured young adults, employed urban professionals, and regional residents lacking service access. Realising equitable sustainable travel outcomes requires transport systems offering affordable, safe alternatives to all population groups. |
| Date: | 2026–05–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:hgx9d_v1 |
| By: | Jean-Éric Pelet (IAE - IAE AMIENS); Basma Taieb (EMLV - École de management Léonard de Vinci); Yihan Wang (Métis Lab EM Normandie - EM Normandie - École de Management de Normandie = EM Normandie Business School); Ana Semedo (Ilexpansions, France); Said Aboubaker Ettis (UJ - University of Jeddah [Arabie Saoudite]); Panagiota Papadopoulou (NKUA - National and Kapodistrian University of Athens); Kayo Iizuka (Senshu University); Jing Wang (Srinakharinwirot University); Amber Chatelain (Midway University); Álvaro Rocha (ISEG, Technical University of Lisbon); Chin-Ching Yin (Tapei Tech - National Taipei University of Technology); Fawzi Dekhil (UTM - Tunis El Manar University [University of Tunis El Manar] [Tunisia] = Université de Tunis El Manar [Tunisie] = جامعة تونس المنار (ar)) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the relationship between environmental awareness, cultural dimensions, and the acceptance of sustainable AI practices among university students. Drawing on survey data from approximately 1, 126 students across eleven countries, we examine how students perceive the environmental costs of Generative AI (GenAI) and how national culture moderates the link between environmental awareness and willingness to adopt usage quotas. Results from logistic regression analyses reveal that concrete environmental awareness and prior sustainable behaviors are strong predictors of quota acceptance. However, cultural dimensions—specifically power distance, individualism, and long-term orientation—significantly moderate this relationship, weakening the effect of awareness in hierarchical, individualistic, and long-termoriented cultures. The findings highlight that a one-size-fits-all approach to promoting sustainable AI is ineffective; instead, strategies must be culturally adapted to align with deeply held societal values. |
| Abstract: | Cette étude examine la relation entre la sensibilisation environnementale, les dimensions culturelles et l'acceptation des pratiques d'IA durable chez les étudiants universitaires. À partir des données d'une enquête menée auprès d'environ 1 126 étudiants dans onze pays, nous analysons comment les étudiants perçoivent les coûts environnementaux de l'IA générative (GenAI) et comment la culture nationale module le lien entre la sensibilisation environnementale et la volonté d'adopter des quotas d'utilisation. Les résultats des analyses de régression logistique révèlent qu'une sensibilisation environnementale concrète et des comportements durables antérieurs sont de puissants prédicteurs de l'acceptation des quotas. Cependant, les dimensions culturelles – en particulier la distance hiérarchique, l'individualisme et l'orientation à long terme – modulent significativement cette relation, atténuant l'effet de la sensibilisation dans les cultures hiérarchiques, individualistes et orientées vers le long terme. Ces résultats soulignent qu'une approche uniforme de la promotion de l'IA durable est inefficace ; les stratégies doivent être adaptées culturellement afin de correspondre aux valeurs sociétales profondément ancrées. |
| Keywords: | Digital Sustainability, Responsible AI Use, Data Privacy, AI Data Governance, Information Security, Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions, Environmental Awareness, Generative AI, Cross-cultural study, Sustainable AI |
| Date: | 2025–11–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05630335 |