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on Energy Economics |
| By: | Giannikou, Ioanna; Ioannou, Nikos; Tselekounis, Markos |
| Abstract: | Driven by the rapid rollout and densification of 5G networks, alongside mounting operational costs and carbon-reduction commitments, telecommunications operators and policymakers face a critical need for sustainable energy strategies. This paper presents a European-wide techno-economic and environmental assessment of retrofitting 5G macro-cell base stations with grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Using a techno-economic bottom-up model driven by real irradiance and load profiles, a 20-year discounted cash-flow (DCF) analysis is performed. Country-specific area/land characteristics, as well as capital, operating and land-lease costs are considered to determine net present value (NPV), whereas life-cycle assessment (LCA) is employed to quantify emission savings. Results show that rural sites are almost universally NPV-positive, however urban installations yield strong returns only in high-irradiance and high electricity price markets, while remaining marginal elsewhere. Sensitivity testing highlights electricity prices and land-lease costs as primary drivers. Modest electricity price trend close or above inflation and/or reuse of 30–70% of existing site area if available can render borderline markets profitable. Under profit-maximizing deployment, PV reduces national emissions by |
| Keywords: | 5G mobile networks, solar panels, CO2 emissions, green energy, NPV, technoeconomic analysis, LCA |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse25:331271 |
| By: | Petar Mitić (Institute of World Economics, HUN-REN Centre for Economic and Regional Studies) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a comprehensive strategic framework for advancing the production of electric vehicles (EVs), including the production of EV batteries in Serbia. It first provides a brief overview of the importance of the automotive industry in the Serbian economy, before highlighting the goals of the national strategies, government incentives for EV and battery production, and the adoption and diffusion of EVs. The paper also offers an overview of the use of EU funds to promote the production and use of EVs and analyzes the implementation progress in Serbia so far |
| Keywords: | automotive industry, development policy, battery production, mining |
| JEL: | L62 O25 Q01 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwe:workpr:282 |
| By: | Steren, Aviv PhD; Tal, Gil PhD; Robinson, Anya R. |
| Abstract: | Medium-duty trucks in the Class 2b-3 range (8, 501-14, 000 lbs.) are a critical and overlooked segment in California’s vehicle market. These trucks—used as work vehicles, delivery vans, and large personal-use pickups—are disproportionately owned and used in rural and lower-income communities. While they make up a relatively small share of the overall truck fleet in California, they contribute disproportionately to fuel use and emissions due to their high annual mileage and low fuel efficiency. Electrification of these vehicles has lagged far behind both passenger cars and heavier commercial trucks. According to the California Air Resources Board’s EMFAC model, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) account for just 1.5% of Class 2b and 0.2% of Class 3 vehicles in California, compared to 6.9% of passenger vehicles. This gap reflects both technical barriers (e.g., range, payload, or towing capacity)3 and policy gaps, since many incentive and regulatory programs focus on fleet-owned, heavier Class 4-8 trucks or exclude consumer-owned pickups altogether. Additionally, Class 2b-3 vehicles, often classified differently in household vs. commercial datasets, has made it difficult to understand who owns them, how they’re used, or where the best opportunities for electrification lie. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2025–11–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt28g0s1r9 |
| By: | Li, Yanning PhD; Jenn, Alan PhD |
| Abstract: | California leads the nation in a shift to electric vehicles (EVs), with ambitious targets for phasing out the sale of new gas-power cars by 2035. However, this transition raises serious concerns about whether the state’s electrical grid can handle the surge in charging demand. Without careful planning, grid infrastructure limitations and the associated costly upgrades could become a major bottleneck to widespread EV adoption. To better understand this challenge, we simulated EV charging profiles (i.e., how, when, and where EVs are charged) across different types of locations across California, including homes, workplaces, and public charging stations. We then evaluated the impact on the state’s electrical distribution system. Our findings point to where and when the grid is most vulnerable—and what policies can help balance EV growth with grid stability. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2025–11–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt7j7026p8 |
| By: | Steren, Aviv PhD; Tal, Gil PhD; Robinson, Anya R. |
| Abstract: | Class 2b-3 vehicles, bridging the gap between light-duty and heavy-duty trucks, represent a critical yet underexplored segment in California’s decarbonization efforts. These medium-duty vehicles, weighing 8, 501-14, 000 lbs., play diverse roles across personal and commercial sectors but remain behind in electrification compared to other vehicle classes. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of Class 2b-3 vehicle ownership, usage patterns, and electrification potential in California, leveraging county-level registration data, household and commercial vehicle surveys, and qualitative interviews. Findings reveal significant geographic, socio-economic, and operational disparities: rural and lower-income counties exhibit higher concentrations of Class 2b-3 vehicles, while electric vehicle (EV) adoption – driven mainly by lighter vehicle classes – remains concentrated in urban, high-income areas. Commercial vehicles in this class demonstrate higher mileage and lower fuel efficiency than standard commercial vehicles, amplifying their emissions impact. Despite these challenges, policy initiatives such as California’s Hybrid and Zero-Emission Truck and Bus Voucher Incentive Project (HVIP) and emerging vehicle technologies signal pathways for electrification. However, barriers persist, including high upfront costs, range requirements, and infrastructure gaps. The study indicates that targeted interventions, especially in rural areas, and flexible technology solutions are essential to accelerate electrification and ensure equitable clean transportation access across California. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Decarbonization, Electric vehicles, Medium trucks, Vehicle range, Commercial vehicles, Technology adoption, Rural areas, Transportation equity |
| Date: | 2025–11–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt4gc0j900 |
| By: | Kurani, Kenneth S.; Nordhoff, Sina; Hardman, Scott |
| Abstract: | Meeting and sustaining a requirement that 100 percent of new passenger vehicle and light-duty truck sales be zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) requires everyone who acquires a new vehicle to only acquire ZEVs. This puts an onus on understanding resistance to ZEVs: who is resistant and why. These questions are addressed using survey data from repeated cross-sectional samples of all-car buying households in California in the years 2017, 2019, and 2021. Concepts of resistance are introduced and provisionally mapped onto Consideration, a multidimensional assessment of what consumers have already done vis-à-vis two types of ZEVs: battery and fuel cell electric vehicles (BEVs and FCEVs). Results indicate that active consumer resistance did not abate for BEVs over the study period, and that while it did abate slightly for FCEVs the probability of active resistance became less dependent on assessments of FCEV performance, fuel availability, or comparisons to conventional gasoline-fueled vehicles. Resistance based in political beliefs is extended from ZEVs to thepolicy requiring ZEVs using data from an additional survey of car-owning households in California from late 2023 to early 2024. The attitude that cost and convenience matter more in daily decisions than do environmental effects has a strong influence on the likeliness of disagreeing with the ZEV sales requirement. Conceptual shortcomings are noted in the mapping of resistance onto Consideration which limit the usefulness of Consideration as proxy for resistances going forward as is the lack direct measures of political affiliation in the extension to resistance to policy. A comprehensive set of suggestions to improve the direct measurement of different forms of resistance is provided. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Attitudes, Automobile ownership, Consumer preferences, Electric vehicles, Fuel cell vehicles, Surveys |
| Date: | 2025–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt2zz6v9zk |
| By: | Comandon, Andre; Boarnet, Marlon G. |
| Abstract: | This project reviews and summarizes empirical evidence for a selection of transportation and land use policies, infrastructure investments, demand management programs, and pricing policies for reducing vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The project explicitly considers social equity (fairness that accounts for differences in opportunity) and justice (equity of social systems) for the strategies and their outcomes. Each brief identifies the best available evidence in the peer-reviewed academic literature and has detailed discussions of study selection and methodological issues. VMT and GHG emissions reduction is shown by effect size, defined as the amount of change in VMT (or other measures of travel behavior) per unit of the strategy, e.g., a unit increase in density. Effect sizes can be used to predict the outcome of a proposed policy or strategy. They can be in absolute terms (e.g., VMT reduced), but are more commonly in relative terms (e.g., percent VMT reduced). Relative effect sizes are often reported as the percent change in the outcome divided by the percent change in the strategy, also called an elasticity. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt8pm9q4xs |
| By: | Shaheen, Susan PhD; Martin, Elliot PhD; Ju, Mengying |
| Abstract: | Transportation network companies (TNCs), also known as ridehailing, such as Uber and Lyft, have contributed to increased vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and associated emissions in California’s urban areas over the past decade. In response, Senate Bill (SB) 1014 – the Clean Miles Standard – requires TNCs to achieve 90% electric vehicle (EV) miles traveled and zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per passenger mile by 2030. The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) oversee implementation and enforcement of these targets. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2025–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt2jm242h7 |
| By: | Lin, Rui PhD; Wang, Pei PhD |
| Abstract: | Onboard eco-driving systems provide drivers with real-time information about their driving behavior and road conditions, encouraging them to optimize their driving speed and consequently reduce fuel consumption and emissions. However, there are barriers to making eco-driving a habit. To determine the elements that influence drivers’ intentions to practice eco-driving and their acceptance of eco-driving technology, we developed a theoretical model based on established theories on planned behavior, technology acceptance, and personal goals. The findings showed that drivers’ intention to practice eco-driving has an indirect effect on their intention to use the system via the factor of perceived ease of use. We also explored how cognitive distraction while using an eco-driving system can be a potential barrier to acceptance. The intent is to put forward a solution to improve drivers’ usage eco-driving by turning off guidance when the system detects that the driver is experience from serious distraction. To investigate how to detect a driver’s cognitive distraction status when they are interacting with an eco-driving system, we used a driving simulator and leveraged machine learning algorithms to classify drivers’ attentional states. The findings showed that the glance features played a more important role than the driving features in cognitive distraction. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Eco-driving, connected vehicles, fuel consumption, traffic safety, mathematical models, driver performance, behavior, eye fixations, cognition, driving simulators |
| Date: | 2025–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt1cc649wh |
| By: | Robinson, Anya; Konstantinou, Theodora PhD; Tal, Gil PhD |
| Abstract: | Little is known about plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) ownership, charging behavior, and vehicle characteristics in rural California. As the state works toward its goal of carbon neutrality by 2045, understanding the current state of PEV adoption in rural areas is essential for identifying where targeted support may be needed to meet electrification objectives. Existing definitions of “rural” may also obscure important variation within these regions. This study proposes a passenger-vehicle-based classification of rural areas in the state using k-means clustering, incorporating data on land use, travel behavior, vehicle characteristics, and housing attributes. Five distinct clusters were identified, three of which - Rural Remote, Farm Rural, and Small Town - were classified as rural. Survey data from PEV and conventional vehicle (CV) owners were analyzed to compare sociodemographic characteristics, vehicle attributes, and charging access and behavior. Across all clusters, PEVs were newer and generally smaller than CVs. The Rural Remote cluster exhibited the highest rural PEV adoption rates (1.4% BEVs, 1.0% PHEVs), along with higher household income, education, and Level 2 home charging prevalence. Farm Rural and Small Town clusters had lower adoption rates and relied more heavily on Level 1 charging, despite comparable at-home charging frequency. Public charging access per capita was lowest in Rural Remote areas and highest in Small Town clusters across rural areas. These findings indicate that rural California is heterogeneous with respect to PEV ownership and future adoption potential. Policies that account for demographic, infrastructural, and travel behavior differences between rural subtypes may be more effective than uniform approaches in supporting adoption. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Rural areas, Electric vehicles, Electric vehicle charging, Automobile ownership, Demographics, Cluster analysis |
| Date: | 2025–09–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt2kk0g5w1 |
| By: | Gonzales, Marta C. PhD |
| Abstract: | Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are among the most promising strategies for reducing transportation-related emissions and mitigating their impacts on both the environment and public health. Historically, PEV adoption has been slowed by three key barriers: range anxiety, limited charger availability, and high purchase costs. Recent advances — including improvements in battery technology, tax incentives, and subsidized charging programs — have begun to ease these challenges, leading to steadily increasing adoption rates. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt1b5132h1 |
| By: | Comandon, Andre; Boarnet, Marlon |
| Abstract: | This project reviews and summarizes empirical evidence for a selection of transportation and land use policies, infrastructure investments, demand management programs, and pricing policies for reducing vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The project explicitly considers social equity (fairness that accounts for differences in opportunity) and justice (equity of social systems) for the strategies and their outcomes. Each brief identifies the best available evidence in the peer-reviewed academic literature and has detailed discussions of study selection and methodological issues. VMT and GHG emissions reduction is shown by effect size, defined as the amount of change in VMT (or other measures of travel behavior) per unit of the strategy, e.g., a unit increase in density. Effect sizes can be used to predict the outcome of a proposed policy or strategy. They can be in absolute terms (e.g., VMT reduced), but are more commonly in relative terms (e.g., percent VMT reduced). Relative effect sizes are often reported as the percent change in the outcome divided by the percent change in the strategy, also called an elasticity. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt1nf7t9r2 |
| By: | Ferguson, Beth; Blandino, Jordan Scott |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the evolution of shared micromobility vehicle design and safety practices in the San Francisco Bay Area from 2017 to 2024. Shared micromobility includes e-bikes and e-scooters. Stakeholder interviews revealed that limited protected bike lanes, poorly designed or neglected e-bike and e-scooter fleets, deteriorating road infrastructure, and unsafe rider behavior have impeded the widespread adoption of shared micromobility in urban areas. There is a pressing need for consistent design standards for lighting, battery charging, braking systems, vehicle frames, and wheel sizing to further improve safety and vehicle durability. Recommendations include expanding protected bike lanes, improving road maintenance, offering e-bike riding lessons, promoting helmet use, and encouraging substance-free riding. Enhancing vehicle security and implementing battery safety protocols are also critical for improving charging accessibility and reducing theft and fire risks. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Shared mobility, Micromobility, Electric bicycles, Scooters, Electric vehicles, Traffic safety, Bicycle facilities, Batteries, Interviews |
| Date: | 2025–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt1nb7s2jn |
| By: | Handy, Susan; Hosseinzade, Rey |
| Abstract: | This project reviews and summarizes empirical evidence for a selection of transportation and land use policies, infrastructure investments, demand management programs, and pricing policies for reducing vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The project explicitly considers social equity (fairness that accounts for differences in opportunity) and justice (equity of social systems) for the strategies and their outcomes. Each brief identifies the best available evidence in the peer-reviewed academic literature and has detailed discussions of study selection and methodological issues. VMT and GHG emissions reduction is shown by effect size, defined as the amount of change in VMT (or other measures of travel behavior) per unit of the strategy, e.g., a unit increase in density. Effect sizes can be used to predict the outcome of a proposed policy or strategy. They can be in absolute terms (e.g., VMT reduced), but are more commonly in relative terms (e.g., percent VMT reduced). Relative effect sizes are often reported as the percent change in the outcome divided by the percent change in the strategy, also called an elasticity. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt2z48k56p |
| By: | Robinson, Anya R.; Hardman, Scott PhD |
| Abstract: | In California, 38% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions come from the transport sector, and 27% of these transport emissions come from passenger vehicles. To reach carbon neutrality by 2045, as directed under Executive Order B 55 18, electrification of passenger vehicles is required. To facilitate an equitable transition to electric vehicle technologies, policymakers must account for the diverse needs and challenges faced by residents in rural communities. Rural areas often have greater travel distances and a reliance on passenger vehicles, due to a lack of alternative modes. While rural areas account for only 7% of the state’s population, California policy decisions can be far reaching and serve as guidance for other states with higher rural populations. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt1hf1z1qj |
| By: | Ambec, Stefan; Andersson, Henrik; Cezera, Stéphane; Kanay, Ayşegül; Ouvrard, Benjamin; Panzone, Luca A.; Simon, Sebastian |
| Abstract: | What can be done to reduce the carbon footprint of consumption? To answer this, we conducted an online shopping experiment that tested the effects of two policy tools: a carbon tax (at two levels) and a behavioral nudge in the form of a traffic light-style label indicating a product’s carbon footprint (green for low, orange for medium, and red for high). To disentangle the tax’s substitution effect from its income effect, we held consumers’ purchasing power constant. We find that the tax alone significantly reduces the carbon footprint per euro spent but not per basket purchased, implying that the reduction is driven purely by the income effect. The label alone makes consumers buy fewer red products and more green products, although without reducing significantly their carbon footprint. We do find some substitution effect and a significant reduction of the carbon footprint per basket only when the tax is high enough and combined with the label. Next, we perform a welfare analysis grounded on a theoretical framework that accommodates for several assumptions about consumer’s preferences and motivations. We estimate the loss of consumer’s surplus from nudging consumers with the label. We also estimate the consumers’ valuation of a ton of CO2 avoided when they care about their climate impact. |
| Keywords: | Carbon tax; nudge; green label; carbon footprint; climate change; moral; behavior. |
| JEL: | D12 D90 H23 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–12–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:131148 |
| By: | Juthong, Porapan; Saringkarnpoonperm, Suttiwit; Khemakongkanont, Chate |
| Abstract: | This study examines the environmental impact of global ICT expansion, focusing on CO² emissions across 173 countries from 2000 to 2021 using a one-step difference GMM. The findings reveal a two-phase relationship: Early-stage ICT deployment tends to increase emissions; however, as adoption expands, emissions are significantly reduced. The environmental impact of upgrading to 4G/5G networks is not uniform. For nations primarily reliant on 2G/3G infrastructure, the transition yields immediate environmental benefits. Conversely, in advanced ICT nations, the rollout may initially increase emissions, an effect that is later offset by substantial long-term reductions. The study concludes that ICT development does not automatically guarantee environmental benefits. Strategic policies—such as managing the full life cycle of ICT infrastructure from production to disposal, promoting renewable power in the ICT sector, and phasing out legacy networks— are essential to align ICT growth with decarbonization goals. |
| Keywords: | ICT, Mobile Cellular Network, CO² Emissions |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse25:331284 |
| By: | Bekele, Rahel Deribe; Jeuland, Marc; Munson, Dylan |
| Abstract: | Rural households in Ethiopia mainly depend on agriculture for their livelihood and most commonly use traditional biomass as their primary domestic energy source. Using data collected from 925 rural households and 3, 241 plots in four regions of Ethiopia, this study examines the determinants of fuel choice in rural Ethiopia, and the impact of biomass fuel scarcity on agricultural labor supply, yields, and returns, across the irrigation/dry, Meher, and Belg cropping seasons. We show that the shadow price of biomass energy sources, which are largely collected from the environment, and the market prices of charcoal and kerosene as well as indicators of wealth, are important determinants of households’ fuel choices. Our findings further indicate that the scarcity of biomass fuel, proxied by shadow price, has a negative and significant effect on agricultural labor supply in the irrigation and Belg seasons, which in turn affects yields and returns from agriculture. This suggests the importance of addressing domestic fuel scarcity alongside efforts to enhance agricultural productivity in rural areas, particularly when introducing interventions such as irrigation. |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Farm Management, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–07–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344395 |
| By: | Ginn, William; Saadaoui, Jamel; Salachas, Evangelos |
| Abstract: | We investigate how the European Central Bank (ECB) and the US Federal Reserve (Fed) re-spond to climate-related shocks, assessing whether the green transition can advance without compromising price stability. Using data from 2000 to 2025 and employing time-varying local projection (TVP-LP) models, we examine the monetary policy reactions to both physical and transition climate risks. Our results show that physical shocks, such as extreme weather events and natural disasters, exert stronger and more inflationary effects on monetary policy than tran-sition shocks related to decarbonization and climate policy. The ECB systematically tightens policy in response to physical shocks, viewing them as supply-side disturbances that threaten price stability, while the Fed’s response is more state-dependent and event-driven, loosening policy during crises like Hurricane Katrina but tightening in the post-COVID inflationary peri-od. For transition risks, both central banks show subdued reactions until 2015, after which the ECB increasingly interprets them as inflationary, whereas the Fed remains more cautious and output oriented. A one standard deviation physical risk shock raises the shadow rate by about 30 bps in the EA and 20 bps in the US after 20 months. These findings reveal that climate shocks have become an integral part of monetary transmission, shaped by mandates and macro-economic context, underscoring the need for price stability to enable the green transition. |
| Keywords: | Climate Risks, Monetary Policy, ECB; Fed, Time-varying Local Projections, Price Stability. |
| JEL: | E52 E58 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–10–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126542 |
| By: | Jenn, Alamn PhD |
| Abstract: | The gasoline tax, the primary source of transportation funding in California and United States, is rapidly losing effectiveness as vehicles become more fuel efficient and as electric vehicles enter the market. To address this funding shortfall, many states are exploring alternatives to the gas tax such as a road usage charge (RUC), which charge drivers based on miles traveled rather than fuel consumed. The 2021 federal Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) supports this transition by funding both national and state-level RUC pilot demonstrations. Despite growing momentum, questions remain about how RUCs affect equity. Policymakers are particularly concerned about whether rural residents, who often travel longer distances, or disadvantaged communities, who already face economic and mobility barriers, would be disproportionately burdened. To better understand these impacts, my team examined how a revenue-neutral RUC in California would change the financial burden of switching from a gas tax to RUC, focusing on geographic and community differences. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2025–11–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt35z4p34f |
| By: | Cabrini, Silvina; Olemberg, Demián; Cristeche, Estela; Pace, Ignacio; Amaro, Ignacio Benito |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses a challenge to agri-food systems. Recognizing the need for emission reduction, the European Union (EU) is contemplating the integration of the agricultural sector into formal carbon pricing mechanisms. This study employs the CLIMTRADE model to assess the potential consequences of a EU's carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) on beef trade for Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. The model considers a baseline bilateral trade matrix, emission intensities, international transport emissions, and potential carbon prices, resulting in the corresponding impacts on imports and exports, depending on the scenario considered. The results indicate that imposing a carbon tax within the EU leads to reduced beef imports, increased domestic prices, and potential carbon leakage. However, deploying a CBAM could mitigate carbon leakage and further reduce emissions. This study contributes to the discussion on the consequences for livestock production in South America of the advancement of emission reduction policies in agriculture driven by developed countries and their implications for the configuration of international trade. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2024–07–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344399 |
| By: | Sarra Ben Yahia (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Jose Angel Garcia Sanchez (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Rania Hentati Kaffel (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Our research assesses the predictive value of LLM-based sentiment in forecasting energy stock returns. Using FinBERT-derived sentiment indicators from 415, 193 tweets spanning 2018-2024, we find statistically significant causal relationships for 80% of companies analyzed. Our VAR analysis reveals heterogeneous optimal lag structures ranging from 2 to 14 days, providing econometric evidence against semi-strong market efficiency. Our results show that the accuracy of the forecast depends critically on the quality and coverage of the data. Our contribution is twofold: (i) a scalable LLMdriven pipeline to quantify firm-level sentiment at daily frequency, and (ii) an econometric validation via VAR/Granger that uncovers economically meaningful lead-lag patterns |
| Keywords: | sentiment analysis, LLM, FinBERT, energy equity markets, Twitter/X sentiment, return forecasting, webscraping, information diffusion, information extraction, finBERT, financial NLP, VAR |
| Date: | 2025–09–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-05312326 |
| By: | Philip Fliegel; Achim Hagen; Nicolas Koch; Nolan Ritter |
| Abstract: | We study the impact of carbon pricing on household finance using European microdata on loans for internal combustion engine vehicles. Exploiting cross-country variation in the same car models with a difference-in-differences design, we find that banks respond to Germany's carbon price announcement by raising interest rates by 0.5 percentage points, with larger increases for loans on fuel-intensive vehicles and for longer maturities. Banks also shorten loan maturity, reduce amounts, and shift to linear repayments, while households choose more fuel-efficient new cars. Captive banks respond more strongly than commercial banks. Collateral and default risk channels jointly explain these adjustments, highlighting household finance as a key transmission channel of climate policy. |
| Keywords: | credit pricing, climate policies, climate transition risk |
| JEL: | G21 G50 G51 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_12288 |
| By: | Arnone, Massimo; Costantiello, Alberto; Drago, Carlo; Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the influence of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors on financial development, using Domestic Credit to the Private Sector by Banks (DCB) as the core indicator of credit market development. To effectively market the research within the broader literature on finance and ESG issues, the authors employ an approach combining econometric analysis, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), cluster analysis, and network analysis. By analyzing the impact through the estimation of the model parameters through the impact of instrumental variable estimation on the model parameters (using Two-Stage Least Squares (IV), Random Effects (IV), and First-Differenced (IV) methods), the study confirms that access to clean fuels and natural resource depletion impact the model margins significantly. However, across all the models used in the analysis, the impact of access to clean energy is positive. By analyzing the significance of the issue using the KNN model throughout the research process on the impact of ESG on credit market dynamics across countries, the research demonstrates that the issue is significant. By performing hierarchical cluster analysis on the significance of the research by considering the significance of the issue in its contribution to the impact on credit market dynamics in countries, in terms of climate stress issues being core in influencing the dynamics of credit in countries, through network analysis mapping performed by carrying out research on the topic. |
| Date: | 2025–11–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:4yvnh_v1 |
| By: | Fitch-Polse, Dillon; Hung, Elena |
| Abstract: | This project reviews and summarizes empirical evidence for a selection of transportation and land use policies, infrastructure investments, demand management programs, and pricing policies for reducing vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The project explicitly considers social equity (fairness that accounts for differences in opportunity) and justice (equity of social systems) for the strategies and their outcomes. Each brief identifies the best available evidence in the peer-reviewed academic literature and has detailed discussions of study selection and methodological issues. VMT and GHG emissions reduction is shown by effect size, defined as the amount of change in VMT (or other measures of travel behavior) per unit of the strategy, e.g., a unit increase in density. Effect sizes can be used to predict the outcome of a proposed policy or strategy. They can be in absolute terms (e.g., VMT reduced), but are more commonly in relative terms (e.g., percent VMT reduced). Relative effect sizes are often reported as the percent change in the outcome divided by the percent change in the strategy, also called an elasticity. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–04–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt0sk2v1vf |
| By: | Jared C. Carbone (Department of Economics and Business, Colorado School of Mines, Colorado, USA); Maxwell Fleming (Department of Economics and Business, Colorado School of Mines, Colorado, USA); Akio Yamazaki (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan) |
| Abstract: | We investigate how demographic change affects the efficiency and equity of carbon pricing using an overlapping generations general equilibrium model of Japan. Demographic change erodes the tax base, so that the fiscal response has a larger impact on welfare than the carbon policy itself. We find that implementing a carbon policy during Japan’s projected population decline reduces welfare costs by 11% relative to a steady-state population, especially when revenues offset capital taxes. However, microsimulation indicates that low-income households face higher short-run welfare losses under policies that are most efficient in the long run, highlighting a trade-off between efficiency and progressivity. |
| Keywords: | Green fiscal reforms; Carbon pricing; Demographic changes |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ngi:dpaper:25-11 |
| By: | Caroline Flammer; Thomas Giroux; Geoffrey Heal; Marcella Lucchetta |
| Abstract: | Does ambiguity (Knightian uncertainty) or risk provide a greater discouragement to investment? There is general agreement in the financial press that uncertainty discourages investment, with uncertainty here meaning any situation where important future policy variables (such as tariffs or tax rates) are not known. And it seems intuitively plausible that situations of ambiguity are “more uncertain” than those of risk: under risk, although the outcome is not known, its expected value is, whereas under ambiguity we have a distribution of possible expected values. In this paper we show that under quite general circumstances it is the case that ambiguity deters investment more than an equivalent risk. An equivalent risk is one characterized by a compound lottery reflecting the ambiguous situation, but without ambiguity aversion. We show that there will always be investments opportunities that are rejected when characterized by ambiguity but are accepted when characterized by risk with an equivalent compound lottery, and that the converse is not true: there are no investments that would be made under ambiguity that would not be made under equivalent risk. We develop the analysis in the context of the emerging field of green finance. |
| JEL: | D81 G11 H23 Q57 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34516 |
| By: | Andrés Azcoitia, Santiago; Illescas Cabiró, Sergio; Frías Barroso, Zoraida |
| Abstract: | The transition to greener energy sources and the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are essential to mitigating climate change and ensuring a sustainable future. Although the ICT sector currently accounts for a modest share of global emissions, its contribution is expected to soar due to the rapid growth in data and computing demand in all industry verticals, driven by the deployment of 6G that will enable AI-driven services by providing ultra-reliable, low-latency, and high-capacity connectivity across the cloud–edge continuum. Initiatives like 6Green are developing technical capabilities to measure and expose information on GHG emissions associated with 6G network services throughout the value chain. However, such technical enablers are not sufficient to incentivise investment in sustainable infrastructures and the adoption of green services. This paper introduces a techno-economic framework to evaluate policy mechanisms for promoting greener network and infrastructure in the 6G ecosystem. The model captures interactions between stakeholders under varying market conditions, integrates sustainability key performance indicators (KPIs), such as carbon emissions, and operationalises the concept of Decarbonisation Level Agreements (DLAs) as an extension of traditional Service Level Agreements (SLAs). Four policy options are compared: laissez-faire, infrastructure subsidisation, uniform DLA enforcement, and a tiered DLAs allowing for green premium services. Results show that while strict DLAs and subsidies can reduce emissions, they may also introduce cost and capacity constraints unless carefully designed. Tiered approaches, which combine regulation with market-driven incentives and user awareness, offer a more balanced and scalable path toward sustainability. |
| Keywords: | Mobile networks, 6G, economics, sustainability |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse25:331249 |
| By: | Jaehan Cho (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trade); Danbee Song (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trad); Sangwon Lee (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trad); Mincheol Choi (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trad); Song-hong Min (Korea Institute for Industrial Economics and Trad) |
| Abstract: | Amid rapid changes in the domestic and global industrial environment, there is a pressing need to assess the current state of the South Korean economy and to formulate industrial policies that strengthen its responsiveness. Korean industry is confronting three simultaneous crises: declining industrial competitiveness and a weakened growth foundation, declining innovation capacity across the economy, and a rapidly changing external environment. Korea’s declining industrial competitiveness is evident in structural low growth and slowing productivity, weakening global market competitiveness, the maturation of flagship industries alongside stagnation in the creation of new ones, and a decline in dynamism across the broader industrial landscape.<p> At the same time, inherent structural problems are eroding innovation capacity in each industrial sector. These include an increase in marginal firms (i.e., zombie firms) and inefficient resource allocation, intensifying regulatory burdens, insufficient adoption of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and a lack of tangible market outcomes from such adoption, and a persistent quantitative and qualitative decline in the overall labor supply. External conditions are also becoming more challenging, as Korea faces a global industrial paradigm shift accompanied by intensifying industrial policy competition among major countries, as well as growing challenges and uncertainties associated with the green transition. Based on an objective assessment of these intertwined challenges, it is vital to establish strategic directions for future industrial policy, supported by the detailed formulation and systematic implementation of concrete policy tasks.<p> This report is the first in a series of KIET studies that seek to determine the best course of Korean industrial policy going forward. |
| Keywords: | industrial policy; South Korea; industrial crisis; innovation; global trade; protectionism; zombie firms; marginal enterprises; green transition; climate change |
| JEL: | L52 |
| Date: | 2025–08–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kietia:021812 |
| By: | Jérémy Morvan (LEGO - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion de l'Ouest - UBS - Université de Bretagne Sud - UBO - Université de Brest - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - IBSHS - Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société - UBO - Université de Brest - UBL - Université Bretagne Loire - IMT Atlantique - IMT Atlantique - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], ICI - Laboratoire Information, Coordination, Incitations - UEB - Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany - UBO - Université de Brest - Télécom Bretagne - IMT - Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] - IBSHS - Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société - UBO - Université de Brest) |
| Abstract: | Les émissions d'obligations vertes se multiplient. Elles répondent à différents objectifs qui vont du financement de projets destinés à préparer la transition vers une économie bas carbone à la communication envers des parties prenantes plus ou moins sensibles à la question du dérèglement climatique et ses conséquences. Cette recherche est une étude d'évènement qui évalue l'impact des émissions d'obligations vertes par le secteur bancaire sur le marché des actions européennes. Plusieurs résultats sont mis en évidence. D'une part, plusieurs indices ne réagissent pas à l'émission d'obligations vertes, autant des indices conventionnels que des indices climatiques, pointant la diversité de la finance climatique, dans ses méthodes de sélection des titres et donc sa sensibilité à certaines informations de marché. D'autre part, les indices qui réagissent sont tous impactés à la baisse. En effet, la régression des résidus de l'étude de l'évènement par rapport à un ensemble de variables capturant les caractéristiques des indices et des émissions obligataires met en évidence une relation négative avec le taux d'intérêt des émissions. Ainsi, plus le taux est élevé, plus la réaction est négative. |
| Keywords: | émission, indices d'actions, obligation verte, étude d'évènement |
| Date: | 2024–04–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05312297 |
| By: | Fahmida Khatun; Foqoruddin Al Kabir; Md. Takrim Hossain |
| Abstract: | This policy brief examines how rising urban heat stress in Bangladesh is linked to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from key sectors, especially agriculture and industry. The objective is to understand the long-run relationship between sectoral emissions and heat stress, and to recommend solutions for building climate-resilient and sustainable cities in Bangladesh. |
| Keywords: | UrbanHeatStress, SustainableCities, GHGEmissions, ClimateAction, UrbanResilience, HeatStressManagement, ClimateSmartAgriculture, SustainableTransport, UrbanGreening, BangladeshClimatePolicy |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pdb:pbrief:84 |
| By: | Kristina Pitman (Department of Economics and Business, Colorado School of Mines); Ben Gilbert (Department of Economics and Business, Colorado School of Mines) |
| Abstract: | In recent years, fossil fuel power plants have increasingly adjusted their operations to balance variability in renewable output. These balancing activities alter plant emissions in ways that may not be evenly distributed. We capture the distribution of the effect of exogenous wind and solar variation on emissions from criteria pollutants across fossil fuel plants. Most plants experience a small reduction in emissions in response to variation in renewable output. However, a minority of outlier plants change their emissions output significantly, with responses that maybe either positive or negative. Positive emissions responses are driven by increases in fuel intensity or emissions rates for some plants, particularly in response to solar variation. We find that outlier plants are more likely to be in smaller Balancing Authorities, without access to electricity markets, and with higher shares of wind and solar output. The socioeconomic characteristics of communities hosting outlier power plants depend on whether the plant is wind- or solar-responsive. Notably, communities with higher asthma incidence, which are more sensitive to pollution, experience the most extreme negative emissions responses to wind, but the most extreme positive emissions responses to solar. |
| Keywords: | renewable energy, thermal power plant operations, emissions, electricity sector, ramping behavior, distributional impacts |
| JEL: | L1 L2 L94 Q Q42 Q52 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mns:wpaper:wp202501 |
| By: | Li, Yanning PhD; Jenn, Alan PhD |
| Abstract: | California’s rapid shift toward vehicle electrification will require substantial upgrades to the state’s electricity distribution grid (i.e., the part of the electric power system that delivers electricity from substations to homes, businesses, and other end users). Without proactive planning, these upgrades risk exacerbating existing inequities in access to electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure and grid capacity. Specifically, disadvantaged communities that already struggle with higher pollution and economic hardship have lower rates of EV adoption, but are more likely to need costly grid upgrades to support charging. To better understand these equity implications, we analyzed grid capacity and charging needs across more than 5, 000 distribution feeders in California. We combined real-world utility data with projections of EV adoption and charging behavior models for light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2025–11–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt5vx8c2h0 |
| By: | Claeys, Peter; Gómez-Bengoechea, Gonzalo; Jung, Juan; Van Der Wielen, Wouter; Weiss, Christoph |
| Abstract: | This article analyzes if the Internet of Things (IoT) can contribute to increasing energy productivity across firms that adopt this technology. The empirical analysis is based on a sample of more than 8, 000 firms from various sectors across 26 European countries, surveyed by the European Investment Bank across the years 2022 and 2023. Methodologically, we combine two-way fixed-effects models (TWFE), differences-in-differences and matching methods. Our results indicate significant effects of IoT on energy productivity, although these effects seem to be concentrated among manufacturing/construction sectors and medium/big firms only. Our findings suggest that digital technologies such as IoT can potentially play a key role in energy transitions toward more sustainable economies. |
| Keywords: | Internet of Things, Digitization, Energy productivity, Energy efficiency |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse25:331263 |
| By: | Bolakhe, Kumar; Yu, Tun-Hsiang E.; Sykes, Virginia R.; Smith, Aaron; Boyer, Christopher N. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343595 |
| By: | Khera, Kartik; Büchele, Manfred; Büchele, Felix; Neuwald, Daniel Alexandre |
| Abstract: | With the increasing global demand for renewable energy, the challenge is identifying sustainable solutions´ avoiding land use conflicts. This study explores the potential of agrophotovoltaic (APV) systems, integrating photovoltaics with fruit production to simultaneously address energy generation and food production challenges. Focusing on the fruit orchards in Himachal Pradesh, India, a modelling study demonstrates the economic viability of APV systems, with relatively fast Return on Investment (ROI) of 5.3 and 5.9 years for cherry and apple production, respectively. The APV model, combining solar PV and fruit farms, is designed for a 1-hectare area. The dual use structure optimizes sunlight exposure while facilitating traditional agricultural practices. The financial analysis reveals substantial profits from fruit production and energy sales, contributing to the economic sustainability of APV. The study emphasizes the potential for increased farmer income, enhanced grid reliability, and rural electrification. Considering the unique challenges Himachal Pradesh faces, including cultivating apples and cherries of inferior quality, the paper recommends adopting innovative approaches. By harnessing solar power through APV, farmers can improve fruit quality, increase revenue, and contribute to a more sustainable and widespread energy distribution. This study is a foundation for future experimental verification and broader implementation of APV systems in diverse agricultural landscapes. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2024–07–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344374 |
| By: | Zhou, Rui; Fulton, Lewis |
| Abstract: | This paper compares global transportation/energy models in terms of scope, structure and the types of scenarios that have been developed, with particular emphasis on projections of low-carbon fuels like hydrogen, biofuels, e-fuels and electricity in transportation decarbonization scenarios. Our review of the models and their scenarios indicates that scenarios with deep CO2 reduction or globally ambitious climate policies tend to show a large increase in the role of electrification, advanced biofuels and in some cases hydrogen in transport energy by 2050 and/or later years. Different transport modes and sectors have different requirements and are projected to adopt different low-carbon fuels. Electricity is projected to play a key role in road and rail, though liquid low-carbon fuels dominate shipping and aviation and are expected to eventually surpass petroleum use. Deep CO2 reduction scenarios tend to assume strong policies that drive reductions. Policies such as efficiency standards, technology requirements, achieving technological innovation, and infrastructure investment are typically important drivers for influencing the adoption and scale-up of low-carbon technologies and fuels across regions. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–10–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt490159fh |
| By: | Robert Kubinec; Aseem Mahajan |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we provide a novel measure for greenwashing -- i.e., climate-related misinformation -- that shows how polluting companies can use social media advertising related to climate change to redirect criticism. To do so, we identify greenwashing content in 11 million social-political ads in Meta's Ad Targeting Datset with a measurement technique that combines large language models, human coders, and advances in Bayesian item response theory. We show that what is called greenwashing has diverse actors and components, but we also identify a very pernicious form, which we call political greenwashing, that appears to be promoted by fossil fuel companies and related interest groups. Based on ad targeting data, we show that much of this advertising happens via organizations with undisclosed links to the fossil fuel industry. Furthermore, we show that greenwashing ad content is being micro-targeted at left-leaning communities with fossil fuel assets, though we also find comparatively little evidence of ad targeting aimed at influencing public opinion at the national level. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2511.14930 |
| By: | Ding, Kaijing; Hansen, Mark PhD |
| Abstract: | This study provides a method to quantify the benefits of reducing the costs from flight delays by shifting air passenger traffic to high-speed rail (HSR). We first estimate the number of flight reductions by each quarter hour for airport origin and destination pairs based on HSR ridership forecasts in the California High-Speed Rail 2020 Business Plan. Lasso models are then applied to estimate the impact of the reduced queuing delay at SFO, LAX and SAN airports on arrival delays at national Core 29 airports. Finally, these delay reductions are monetized using aircraft operating costs per hour and the value of passenger time per hour. We apply several different variations of this approach, for example, considering delay at all 29 Core airports or just major California airports, different scenarios for future airport capacity and flight schedules, and different forecasts for future HSR ridership. We estimate mid-range delay cost savings of $51-88 million (2018 dollars) in 2029 and $235-392 million (2018 dollars) in 2033. The estimated savings are similar to, but slightly lower than, those based on cost estimates to upgrade airport capacity to handle passenger traffic that could be diverted to HSR. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, High speed rail, air travel, ridership, forecasting, mathematical models, flight delays, mathematical models, airport capacity, railroad capacity, cost analysis |
| Date: | 2025–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt8g57g791 |
| By: | Katia Colaneri; Federico D'Amario; Daniele Mancinelli |
| Abstract: | Given the increasing importance of environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors, particularly carbon emissions, we investigate optimal proportional portfolio insurance (PPI) strategies accounting for carbon footprint reduction. PPI strategies enable investors to mitigate downside risk while retaining the potential for upside gains. This paper aims to determine the multiplier of the PPI strategy to maximise the expected utility of the terminal cushion, where the terminal cushion is penalised proportionally to the realised volatility of stocks issued by firms operating in carbon-intensive sectors. We model the risky assets' dynamics using geometric Brownian motions whose drift rates are modulated by an unobservable common stochastic factor to capture market-specific or economy-wide state variables that are typically not directly observable. Using classical stochastic filtering theory, we formulate a suitable optimization problem and solve it for CRRA utility function. We characterise optimal carbon penalised PPI strategies and optimal value functions under full and partial information and quantify the loss of utility due incomplete information. Finally, we carry a numerical analysis showing that the proposed strategy reduces carbon emission intensity without compromising financial performance. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2511.19186 |
| By: | Gonzales, Marta C. PhD; Ozturk, Ayse Tugba |
| Abstract: | Despite the years of climate change mitigation effort, per capita transportation emissions are on the rise. Reducing vehicle miles traveled, congestion mitigation and increasing vehicle efficiency are three strategies to reduce CO2 emissions from vehicles. Outcomes of these strategies may contradict each other considering their impacts on the road network and possible behavior changes within the transportation system. Though, models used in policy evaluations do not capture the interplay between vehicle characteristics, travel demand, and urban form. Understanding the spatial and temporal variations in vehicular emissions and the impact of each subsector requires collaboration between two seemingly separate fields: emissions modeling and urban science. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2025–08–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt4dk29637 |
| By: | Sharp, Jared; Dietz, Simon; Ashraf, Shafaq; Chiu, Hayli |
| Abstract: | The TPI Centre has assessed the transition plans of 10 of the world’s largest, publicly listed oil and gas companies (five from Europe and five from North America) using the new Net Zero Standard for Oil & Gas. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 L81 |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:130323 |
| By: | Majeed, Fahd; Khanna, Madhu; Mwebaze, Paul; McCall, James; Waechter, Katy; Jia, Mengqi; Peng, Bin; Miao, Ruiqing; Kaiyu, Guan; Macknick, Jordan |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343890 |
| By: | Nur Ain Shahrier (The South East Asian Central Banks (SEACEN) Research and Training Centre); Zaheer Anwer (Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics, Sunway Business School, Sunway University, Malaysia); Milena Migliavacca |
| Abstract: | Climate change and the energy transition are increasingly recognized recognised as sources of systemic financial risk. This paper examines how default-risk spillovers propagate among top global energy firms (TGEFs) using high-frequency distance-to-default data and a frequency-dependent TVP-VAR framework. We document a persistent horizon inversion: during tranquil periods, long-term connectedness dominates, reflecting slow-moving structural linkages, but crises such as COVID-19 trigger a collapse in long-term connectedness alongside a surge in short- and medium-term spillovers, which remain elevated even post-pandemic. These results indicate a structural shift toward faster, event-driven transmission channels. Environmental profiles also matter. Green Energy Leaders (GEL) exhibit stronger and more cohesive long-run connectedness than Brown Energy Leaders (BEL), suggesting that GEL firms can serve as long-horizon contagion amplifiers despite reputational resilience. Geography is equally decisive: developed markets show structurally persistent long-run connectedness, while developing markets display shallow, fragile networks where long-term co-movement appears only during severe global shocks. Overall, the findings reveal that systemic vulnerability in the energy sector arises from the interaction of horizon dynamics, environmental engagement, and institutional development. For central banks, the results underscore the importance of horizon-sensitive monitoring, transition-risk stress testing, and expanded systemic-risk oversight of non-financial energy firms. |
| Keywords: | Climate, systemic risks, contagion, distance-to-default, energy sector, time-varying parameter, green and brown energy firms, developed and developing countries |
| JEL: | G33 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sea:wpaper:wp59 |
| By: | Mabrouki, Mohamed |
| Abstract: | The BRICS economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) represent a critical frontier in the global energy transition, balancing rapid economic development with pressing environmental imperatives. This study investigates the determinants of renewable energy adoption in BRICS countries from 2000 to 2022, employing a novel Panel ARDL methodology that addresses critical methodological gaps in existing literature. Using the Pooled Mean Group estimator and robust validation through Mean Group, Common Correlated Effects Mean Group, and Fixed Effects approaches, we analyze the synergistic effects of economic, structural, human capital, and institutional factors. Our findings reveal that gross fixed capital formation emerges as the most significant determinant, exhibiting a robust negative relationship with renewable energy share (coefficient: -0.172, p |
| Keywords: | Energy Transition • BRICS Economies • Panel ARDL • Technological Lock-in • Human Capital • Institutional Quality • Structural Transformation • Renewable Energy |
| JEL: | O57 |
| Date: | 2025–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126562 |
| By: | Peter Levell (Institute for Fiscal Studies); Martin O'Connell (Institute for Fiscal Studies); Kate Smith (Institute for Fiscal Studies) |
| Date: | 2025–11–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ifs:ifsewp:25/55 |
| By: | Zuloaga, Gonzalo; Plückebaum, Thomas; Kulenkampff, Gabriele; Wissner, Matthias |
| Abstract: | This study analyses and quantifies the energy consumption and CO₂ emissions associated with operating modern telecommunications access networks, both fixed broadband (FFTH) and mobile networks. To quantify the environmental impacts, specific bottom-up models for the fixed and mobile access network are developed and used to endogenously determine the asset-related quantities of active network elements and their respective energy consumption. The modelling task is carried out for Germany based on household and population data at municipality level from the German Federal Institute for Research on Building and Regional Planning (BBSR), energy consumption data from the EU Code of Conduct on Energy Consumption of Broadband Communication Equipment and the CO₂ emission factor for the electric-ity mix from the German Federal Environment Agency, in order to capture the de-mand for VHCN fixed and mobile access services. Furthermore, the study investigates how different settlement structures shape the environmental footprint of telecommunications networks. Based on these findings, it is analysed whether the use of mobile networks represents a sustainable strategy for the supply of rural areas in comparison to fixed network technologies. From an environmental perspective, mobile networks, especially 5G, are considered as a possible substitute for the provision of broadband access in rural areas. The analysis shows that, from an environmental perspective, FTTH access networks perform better than mobile access networks. These findings hold for any regional structure but are even more significant for rural areas. The analysis focuses on energy consumption and CO2 emissions of network operations. Deployment-related emissions and spill-over effects induced by using ICT for eco-benefits in other sectors are beyond the scope of this analysis. |
| Keywords: | Energy consumption, carbon emissions, fibre access networks, radio access networks, rural areas |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse25:331318 |
| By: | Joy N. A. Ashitey (Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Cyprus International University, Nicosia 99258, North Cyprus, Turkey); Mehrshad Radmehr (Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, Cyprus International University, Nicosia 99258, North Cyprus, Turkey); Glenn P. Jenkins (Department of Economics, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada and Cambridge Resources International Inc.); Mikhail Miklyaev (Cambridge Resources International Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA) |
| Abstract: | For a country to be able to sustain a policy of increasing the use of renewable energy sources to supply electricity, it must be able to continue to provide a reliable electricity supply service to its customers. Typically, electricity reliability is maintained by thermal electricity generation. To substitute solar PV for thermal electricity generation to a significant degree, it is imperative to determine the least-cost complementary technologies that will provide system reliability. In many parts of Africa and Asia, potential sites for seasonal storage dams are available or have been built. In the case studied here, maintaining service reliability by expanding the capacity of the generation plant of a seasonal storage dam in all scenarios is less costly than providing service reliability by a thermal alternative. However, maintaining service reliability while expanding generation by solar PV is in all cases costly. The levelized financial cost of the incremental energy supplied when a reliable service is maintained is between 30% and 89% greater than the levelized cost of a standalone solar PV plant. For the same set of scenarios, the range of the economic levelized cost is 28% to 85% greater with reliability than the standalone solar PV field without reliability.Given the circumstances of the electricity market, the least-cost technology to maintain a reliable service may be specific to the market. The analysis also shows that when the economic opportunity cost of funds increases from 2% to 11.5%, the levelized cost of renewable electricity generation systems doubles. Hence, if the developed countries of the world want low-income countries to maintain policies to reduce the use of fossil fuels to generate electricity, capital subsidies to low-income countries that are facing high economic opportunity costs of funds are likely to be necessary. |
| Keywords: | electricity reliability; variable renewable energy; energy storage; solar energy; dam storage; levelized cost; financial cost; economic cost |
| JEL: | Q42 Q25 H54 D61 L94 |
| Date: | 2025–11–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:dpaper:4640 |
| By: | Kimberly A. Clausing; Christopher R. Knittel; Catherine Wolfram |
| Abstract: | Climate change is already increasing temperatures and raising the frequency of natural disasters in the United States. In this paper, we examine several major vectors through which climate change affects US households, including cost increases associated with home insurance claims and increased cooling, as well as sources of increased mortality. Although we consider only a subset of climate costs over recent decades, we find an aggregate annual cost averaging between $400 and $900 per household; in 10 percent of counties, costs exceed $1, 300 per household. Costs vary significantly by geography, with the largest costs occurring in some western regions of the United States, the Gulf Coast, and Florida. Climate costs also typically disproportionately burden lower-income households. Our work suggests the importance of research that looks beyond rising temperatures to extreme weather events; so far, natural disasters account for the bulk of the burden of climate change in the United States. |
| JEL: | H23 Q53 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34525 |
| By: | Diego R. Känzig; Charles T. Williamson |
| Abstract: | We explore the increasing divergence between economic growth and energy consumption through energy-saving technical progress. Proposing a new measure of energy-saving technology, we study the underlying drivers in a semi-structural model of the U.S. economy. Our analysis shows that energy price shocks reduce consumption and stimulate energy-saving innovation, but also cause economic downturns and crowd out other innovations. Only energy-saving technology shocks can explain the negative co-movement between output and energy use. These sudden efficiency gains emerge as the primary driver of energy-saving technical change. Our findings highlight the importance of fostering energy-saving innovations in transitioning to a low-carbon economy. |
| JEL: | E0 O30 Q32 Q43 Q55 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:34511 |
| By: | Amidou Ballo (Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako - USSGB - Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako); Daman-Guilé Diawara (Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako - USSGB - Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako) |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes the dynamics and challenges of the energy transition in Mali, a country endowed with significant potential in renewable energy (solar, hydro, biomass). Access to reliable and sustainable energy remains a major issue for a large part of the population.The methodology relies on an economic and descriptive statistical analysis of data collected between 2010 and 2023. Sources include reports from the World Bank, the IEA, the Malian Ministry of Energy, as well as a critical review of energy policies. The study focuses on investments, installed capacities, electrification rates, and regional interconnection projects. The results reveal a significant expansion of renewable energy infrastructures between 2010 and 2023. The installed capacity of photovoltaic solar energy increased by 1, 900%, while hydro capacity progressed by 180%, notably due to the Gouina dam. Energy storage capacities and hybrid power plants also experienced notable growth, with respective increases of 300% and 400%. This diversification of the energy mix has led to a 400% reduction in CO2 emissions related to electricity over the same period. However, major challenges persist. The national electrification rate, which rose from 32.5% to 50.6%, masks marked territorial inequalities (78% in urban areas compared to 18% in rural areas). Financial constraints, a lack of transportation and storage infrastructure remain significant barriers, as well as the need for increased geostrategic cooperation. To overcome these obstacles, we propose several solutions: strengthening research and public policies to attract private investments; developing new renewable energy power plants and hybrid systems; modernizing transportation networks using innovative technologies; and consolidating regional cooperation through the interconnection of electrical networks. This research underscores that the energy transition in Mali is both an opportunity for sustainable development and a challenge that requires an integrated approach to ensure socio-economic prosperity and climate resilience. |
| Keywords: | energy transition renewable energy access climate resilience energy policies, energy transition, renewable energy, access, climate resilience, energy policies |
| Date: | 2025–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05320604 |
| By: | Kristina Pitman (Department of Economics and Business, Colorado School of Mines); Ben Gilbert (Department of Economics and Business, Colorado School of Mines) |
| Abstract: | Reducing barriers to trade --- one approach to facilitate the integration of renewables on the electricity grid --- affects emissions externalities by altering which fossil fuel power plants generate and emit criteria pollutants. We use the Western Energy Imbalance Market as a case study to quantify how plants change their emissions response to wind and solar generation after a market expansion. We find that, on average, plant responses shrink after entering the market. The average plant response, while still negative, becomes less so, as it becomes easier for a region to import or export electricity to balance local renewable variability. Specifically, responses to solar increase by between 0.80 to 1.85 percent and responses to wind increase by between 0.01 to 0.02 percent. This effect is larger for plants in regions without a pre-existing market mechanism prior to entry. While all participants gain an increased diversity and quantity of supply and demand sources, plants without prior market access also benefit from the move to a more efficient method of trade. |
| Keywords: | renewable energy, electricity markets, thermal power plant operations, emissions, trade and the environment |
| JEL: | L2 L94 Q Q42 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mns:wpaper:wp202502 |
| By: | Christian Montet (UPF - Université de la Polynésie Française); Véronique Sélinsky (Barreau de Montpellier); Florent Venayre (UPF - Université de la Polynésie Française) |
| Abstract: | Faced with evidence of inefficient regulation of network industries in French Polynesia, a draft law of the country (loi du pays) introduced in 2024 aimed to assign energy regulation to the Polynesian Competition Authority (APC). However, in light of opposition from some quarters, the Bill – initially intended to be submitted to the legislature – was ultimately withdrawn in December 2024. This paper shows that the proposed law was, in fact, incapable of improving the efficiency of energy regulation in French Polynesia. It preserved significant prerogatives for the government department in charge of energy, relegating the APC to a primarily consultative role, the allocated human and financial resources were insufficient, and the proposed new organisation risked creating internal conflicts and compromising the independence and impartiality of the APC. While the APC continues to advocate for this sectoral regulatory power to be granted to it – considering even an extension to telecommunications – our analysis calls for increased vigilance regarding any future projects of this kind. The well-documented drawbacks of merging competition and regulatory authorities could, moreover, be easily avoided in French Polynesia through cooperation with mainland French regulatory authorities. |
| Abstract: | Face aux constats d'une régulation inefficiente des industries de réseau en Polynésie française, un projet de loi du pays visait en 2024 à confier la régulation de l'énergie à l'Autorité polynésienne de la concurrence (APC). Le projet qui devait être soumis au législateur avait finalement été retiré en décembre 2024 en raison de certaines oppositions. Cet article montre comment ce projet de loi n'était effectivement pas en mesure d'améliorer l'efficacité de la régulation énergétique polynésienne. D'une part, il maintenait des prérogatives significatives de l'administration en charge de l'énergie, limitant l'APC à un rôle essentiellement consultatif. D'autre part, les moyens humains et financiers alloués étaient insuffisants et la nouvelle organisation projetée risquait de générer des conflits internes et de porter atteinte à l'indépendance et à l'impartialité de l'Autorité. Alors que l'APC continue de demander que cette compétence de régulation sectorielle lui soit accordée, envisageant même de l'étendre aux télécommunications, notre analyse appelle à une vigilance accrue quant à d'éventuels nouveaux projets de ce type. Les défauts généralement reconnus de la fusion des autorités de concurrence et de régulation peuvent par ailleurs être facilement évités en Polynésie française grâce à la coopération avec les autorités de régulation hexagonales. |
| Date: | 2025–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05384404 |
| By: | Dhole, Anuj; Fulton, Lewis; Hwang, Roland; Segall, Craig |
| Abstract: | Zero emission trucks are on the verge of rapid adoption in California due to strong regulatory and incentive support, but recent actions at the federal level threaten to stall progress. To achieve the next phase of widespread commercialization, California must take further action to ensure that ZETs are affordable, abundant, and accessible to all businesses. Continuation of purchase incentives is critical to the success of the ZET market, given the current high upfront purchase cost. ITS-Davis has analyzed the design of a zero-emission truck (ZET) incentive program that could help re-design or supplement the current Clean Truck and Bus Voucher Program (HVIP) and continue to provide certainty for fleet buyers to transition, given the recently withdrawn Advanced Clean Fleets (ACF) regulation for trucks and federal actions that could weaken or delay implementation of the Advanced Clean Truck (ACT) regulation. Our analysis shows that a 10-year time-limited incentive program designed to achieve the ACT sales targets would cost about $4.34 billion1, 2. With long-term funding certainty and transparency on rebate levels, manufacturers that envisage a large volume ZET production would have a strong incentive to competitively price their trucks. California has already invested over $6 billion in incentives for the ZET transition and with additional funding and policy support, could help ensure the state reaps the health and economic benefits of its past investments in the ZET transition. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–11–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt6zt5110c |
| By: | Anthony Wiskich |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how autonomy affects the competitiveness and operations of battery-electric long-haul trucks. We model fleet operations between Sydney and Melbourne-Australia's busiest long-haul corridor-using a parameterised cost-minimisation framework. By lowering travel-time costs, autonomy leads to slower optimal speeds and reduced energy use. This enables smaller, lighter battery packs or reduces the number of charging stops en route, lowering total costs. Autonomy thus enhances the economic case for battery-electric trucks, improving their cost competitiveness relative to diesel trucks to approximately the same extent as would a AUS$50/kWh reduction in battery pack price. |
| Keywords: | heavy-duty trucks, overland freight, economics, autonomous vehicles, decarbonization |
| JEL: | O33 Q40 Q54 R40 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2025-65 |
| By: | Jared C. Carbone (Department of Economics and Business, Colorado School of Mines); Maxwell Fleming (Department of Economics and Business, Colorado School of Mines); Akio Yamazaki (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS)) |
| Abstract: | How does carbon pricing perform in an economy with a declining population growth? We develop an overlapping generations model calibrated to Japan. Using this model, we examine how demographic change interacts with green fiscal reforms, in which revenues from carbon pricing are used to improve the efficiency of the tax system. Our results show that demographic change erodes the tax base, so the fiscal response has a larger impact on welfare than the carbon policy itself. Relative to a constant population growth benchmark, ignoring demographic change can overestimate the welfare costs of carbon pricing by 11 percent when pension benefits are reduced and carbon revenues are used to cut capital taxes. Microsimulation analysis indicates that low-income households face higher short-run welfare losses under policies that are most efficient in the long-run, highlighting a trade-off between efficiency and progressivity in the design of carbon pricing in aging economies. |
| Keywords: | green fiscal reforms, carbon pricing, demographic change |
| JEL: | H22 H23 Q52 |
| Date: | 2025–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mns:wpaper:wp202503 |
| By: | Johnson, David R.; Bahalou Horeh, Marziyeh; Liu, Jing; Zuidema, Shan; Chepeliev, Maksym; Hertel, Thomas W. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea24:343944 |
| By: | Kim, Chang Hyun; Lee, Kyung Yul; Kwon, Youngsun |
| Abstract: | This study explores how knowledge search depth and breadth in green patenting influence environmental innovation in the mobile industry, a sector facing increasing scrutiny for its environmental impact. Using a panel of 42 mobile firms from 2001 to 2023, we find that search depth exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship with green innovation, suggesting that while leveraging internal knowledge initially boosts environmental innovation, excessive reliance can hinder progress due to organizational rigidity. Conversely, search breadth demonstrates a consistently positive effect, indicating that expanding external knowledge sources enhances a firm's capacity for sustainable innovation. These findings underscore the strategic importance of balancing internal and external knowledge strategies to foster green innovation in the mobile sector. |
| Keywords: | Green Innovation, Knowledge Search, Mobile Industry, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse25:331286 |
| By: | Fanghella, Valeria; Fezzi, Carlo; Schleich, Joachim; Sebi, Carine |
| Abstract: | This study assesses the incentive compatibility of different elicitation formats for estimating willingness to accept (WTA) in the field. We assess the convergent validity of standard and theorydriven (i.e. based on mechanism-design theory) versions of the double-bounded binary choice (DB) and the open-ended (OE) formats against the single-binary choice (SBC). Our empirical application, developed in collaboration with a major energy company, is based on estimating compensation for the installation of wind farms in respondents' municipalities of residence. We find strong evidence against convergent validity for both versions of the OE format. In comparison, both versions of the DB format, especially the theory-driven version, yield WTA estimates similar to those of the SBC, ranging from near zero for supporters of wind power to €1500-€1800 for opponents. Finally, we introduce a novel econometric approach that allows the utility of compensation to be non-linear when estimating WTA (and WTP) from binary choices. |
| Abstract: | Diese Studie bewertet die Anreizkompatibilität verschiedener Erhebungsformate zur Schätzung der Akzeptanzbereitschaft (WTA) in der Praxis. Wir bewerten die konvergente Validität von standardisierten und theoriegeleiteten (d. h. auf der Mechanismusdesign-Theorie basierenden) Versionen des doppelt begrenzten binären Auswahlformats (DB) und des offenen Formats (OE) im Vergleich zum einfach binären Auswahlformat (SBC). Unsere empirische Anwendung, die in Zusammenarbeit mit einem großen Energieunternehmen entwickelt wurde, basiert auf der Schätzung der Entschädigung für die Installation von Windparks in den Wohnorten der Befragten. Wir finden starke Hinweise gegen die konvergente Validität für beide Versionen des OE-Formats. Im Vergleich dazu liefern beide Versionen des DB-Formats, insbesondere die theoriegeleitete Version, WTA-Schätzungen, die denen des SBC ähneln und von nahezu Null für Befürworter der Windkraft bis zu 1500-1800 € für Gegner reichen. Schließlich stellen wir einen neuartigen ökonometrischen Ansatz vor, der es ermöglicht, den Nutzen der Entschädigung bei der Schätzung der WTA (und WTP) aus binären Entscheidungen nichtlinear zu gestalten. |
| Keywords: | contingent valuation, willingness to accept, wind farm, mechanism design |
| JEL: | C10 C93 D60 H41 Q51 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:331884 |
| By: | Mr. Simon Black; Ms. Dora Benedek; Ian W.H. Parry; Nate Vernon-Lin; Sunalika Singh |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses significant macroeconomic challenges due to its impacts and the energy transition needed to address it. Despite the Paris Agreement’s goal to keep global warming ‘well below 2°C’, and ideally to 1.5°C, the world is not on track. Temperatures are likely to pass 1.5°C this decade and would exceed 2°C by 2050, even if national targets are met. Limiting the ‘overshoot’ in peak temperatures by cutting global emissions of greenhouse gases would reduce climate risks. But current national emissions targets fall short, aiming for a 7 percent cut compared to the 30 to 45 percent needed by 2035. Using in-house models, we illustrate options and impacts of closing gaps to align emissions with temperature goals while minimizing climate risks. However, achieving these targets implies drastic changes in the energy system. Ensuring security of energy supply, which is critical for macroeconomic stability and growth, entails effective macroeconomic policies. |
| Keywords: | Paris Agreement; climate mitigation; ambition gap; emissions reductions; temperature overshooting; mitigation costs; energy security; grid stability |
| Date: | 2025–11–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/245 |
| By: | Dempsey, Seraphim; Mahon, Ben |
| Abstract: | Climate mitigation policies have resulted in increased rates of residential energy efficiency retrofitting. However, building materials with low thermal transmissivity often have higher radio signal attenuation rates which can reduce indoor service quality for mobile phone users. This paper empirically documents this phenomenon in Ireland by linking administrative data on Building Energy Ratings, with reports of in-home mobile quality of service (QoS) issues collected from a nationally representative survey on mobile consumer experiences in Q2 2022. Importantly, we consider local telecommunication infrastructure by exploiting rich market intelligence data from the National Regulatory Authority. This allows us to account for the quality of outdoor mobile coverage and active fixed line broadband connections at the household level. We find a positive association between living in areas with higher proportions of energy efficient homes and the probability of reporting an issue with indoor mobile phone signal. This highlights the importance of aligning energy efficiency policy with telecommunication policy to ensure future connectivity is safeguarded. |
| Keywords: | mobile signal attenuation, residential energy efficiency, quality of service |
| JEL: | L96 R28 O13 O18 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:itse25:331265 |
| By: | Biais, Bruno (HEC Paris); Hombert, Johan (HEC Paris - Finance Department); Schmidt, Daniel (HEC Paris - Finance Department); Weill, Pierre-Olivier (University of California, Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)) |
| Abstract: | In a cap-and-trade system, emitters face transition risk, to the extent that emission caps and permit prices are volatile. We show, theoretically, and empirically for the EU Emissions Trading System, that i) emitters hedge with emission permits futures bought from financials, ii) financial constraints limit hedging, in particular by limiting and delaying emitters' purchases of permits in the spot market, implying iii) permit prices are below the prices of replicating derivatives portfolios. Moreover, we show theoretically that constrained Pareto optima are implemented in equilibrium with cap-and-trade systems, in which the variance of emission caps is set lower than in the unconstrained case. |
| Keywords: | emission trading system; carbon pricing; financial constraints; limited commitment; social cost of carbon; Pareto optimality; Incentive compatibility |
| JEL: | G10 |
| Date: | 2025–06–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ebg:heccah:1574 |
| By: | Mabrouki, Mohamed |
| Abstract: | This study examines the complex relationships between institutional quality, natural capital, and CO₂ emissions in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region from 2000 to 2022. Using a comprehensive panel dataset across 10 MENA countries, we employ robust econometric techniques including fixed effects models in levels and first-differences, and system GMM estimators to address endogeneity and dynamic persistence. Our diagnostic framework incorporates tests for cross-sectional dependence, slope heterogeneity, and cointegration, revealing the absence of long-run equilibrium relationships in the region. The empirical results demonstrate that economic growth (0.48-0.60 elasticity), population pressure (0.73-0.95 elasticity), and investment patterns (0.05-0.09 elasticity) remain primary drivers of CO₂ emissions. Natural capital exhibits a significant positive relationship with emissions (0.11-0.29 elasticity), supporting the environmental resource curse hypothesis. Institutional quality shows a mitigating effect on emissions, though this relationship is complex and operates primarily through long-term channels. The absence of cointegration challenges conventional Environmental Kuznets Curve frameworks and underscores the region's environmental and economic instability. These findings highlight the urgent need for integrated policy approaches combining economic diversification, institutional reforms, and sustainable natural resource management to facilitate climate adaptation in this vulnerable region. |
| Keywords: | CO₂ Emissions, Institutional Quality, Natural Capital, MENA Region, Panel Data Analysis, Environmental Resource Curse, Climate Adaptation |
| JEL: | O57 |
| Date: | 2025–02–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:126563 |
| By: | Beniwal, Ezaboo; Kishore, Avinash |
| Abstract: | Over the past few decades Agricultural irrigation in South Asia has emerged to be dominantly groundwater sourced. The size and structure of a region’s groundwater economy is closely intertwined with its energy economy. Until only a few years ago, diesel was the main source of energy for groundwater irrigation in the region while farmers in the rest of South Asia had access to subsidized or free electricity to operate their pumps. With rapid improvements in rural energy supply, this energy-divide is now disappearing. This has potential to change the area’s groundwater energy nexus. Farmers in Bihar, a populous state of India, have installed more than 200 thousand electric pumps for irrigation since 2015. We use data from a representative sample of 1440 farmers from the state to assess the pattern of electrification of groundwater irrigation and its impact on pump ownership, water markets, and water use in agriculture. Electrification of irrigation is skewed towards west and south Bihar. On average, electric pump owners have smaller landholdings than diesel pump owners and they charge significantly lower irrigation fees from water buyers. However, three out of four pump owners report not selling water from their pumps. Farmers using electric pumps—owned or rented—irrigate their crops more intensively and have higher cropping intensity. Near free electricity for irrigation may undermine the fiscal and environmental sustainability of the irrigation led agricultural growth in Bihar. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–07–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae24:344383 |
| By: | Jenn, Alan PhD |
| Abstract: | This report examines the differences in what drivers would pay with a gasoline tax versus a revenue-neutral road user charge (RUC) and whether these differences are equitably distributed among rural vs. urban and disadvantaged vs. non-disadvantaged communities. The analysis uses vehicle registration data from the California Department of Motor Vehicles, vehicle attribute data from DataOne, and environmental and socioeconomic indicators from CalEnviroScreen. On average, a transition from a gas tax to an RUC would cause drivers in rural areas to pay less per mile and drivers in urban areas to pay more. This difference arises because vehicles registered in rural areas tend to have lower fuel efficiency than those in urban areas. However, the transition from gas tax to RUC would have a similar impact on average cost per mile for vehicles registered in disadvantaged communities (defined as the top 10% of census tracts in CalEnviroScreen) as in other communities.. This study indicates that RUCs are marginally less regressive than gas taxes. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Mileage-based user fees, Fuel taxes, Transportation equity, Rural areas, Underserved communities |
| Date: | 2025–11–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt9375t56r |