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on Energy Economics |
| By: | Arne Lilienkamp (Institute of Energy Economics at the University of Cologne (EWI)); Nils Namockel (Institute of Energy Economics at the University of Cologne (EWI)); Oliver Ruhnau (Institute of Energy Economics at the University of Cologne (EWI)) |
| Abstract: | The ongoing transition of our energy systems implies a rise of distributed generators, batteries, and new consumers, including electric vehicles and heat pumps. Previous studies have found that distributed flexibility may substantially benefit wholesale electricity markets, but have neglected that these benefits maybe subject to distribution grid constraints. Here, we propose using a virtual storage approach to aggregate the net load and flexibility of individual consumers at the distribution grid level, subject to the corresponding grid constraints. We apply our approach to flexible electric vehicle charging scenarios in German distribution grids for the years 2030 and 2045. Our results suggest that distributed flexibility exacerbates distribution grid congestion if it only follows wholesale market prices. However, there may be the potential to alleviate local congestion with stable wholesale market benefits of distributed flexibility. Local coordination of distributed flexibility appears to be able to resolve distribution grid constraints at substantially lower costs than expanding transformer capacity. We conclude that local coordination mechanisms are key to unlocking the wholesale market benefits of distributed flexibility while mitigating hazards in the distribution grids. |
| Keywords: | Electric vehicles; Distribution grids; Energy system modeling; Flexibility; Grid expansion |
| Date: | 2025–07–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:ewikln:021403 |
| By: | Ringstad, Ingrid Emilie Flessum (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics); Benini, Giacomo (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics); Dotti, Valerio (Dept. of Economics, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice); Tselika, Kyriaki (Dept. of Business and Management Science, Norwegian School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | We study how uncertainty about future climate policy affects the valuation of oil resources. Using a structural model of extraction and exploration applied to field-level data from the Norwegian Continental Shelf, we estimate the impact of climate policy uncertainty (CPU) on the shadow prices of both discovered and undiscovered oil. We find that higher CPU lowers these marginal values, especially after the 2015 Paris Agreement, reducing incentives to extract and explore. This decline translates into an implicit carbon cost of $15–$38 per tonne of carbon dioxide emitted. Unlike a Pigouvian tax, this shadow cost does not scale with emissions intensity or generate fiscal revenue. As a result, it reduces production and emissions in a diffuse and economically inefficient manner, without rewarding low emitters or financing green transition policies. |
| Keywords: | Oil Industry; Climate Policy; Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty |
| JEL: | C51 D81 Q35 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–07–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:nhhfms:2025_022 |
| By: | Verónica Acurio Vásconez; Mónica Pereira Henriques |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the nuanced interplay between the green energy rebound effect and the elasticity of substitution within a Solow growth model. Our study characterizes how the rebound effect varies with the elasticity of substitution between production factors. Our findings demonstrate that technological progress in green or fossil energy leads to different consumption patterns depending on the elasticity of substitution. For substitution elasticities below one, technological advances result in slower increases in energy consumption relative to labor growth, while for elasticities above one, energy consumption accelerates. These insights underscore the critical role of substitution elasticities in shaping effective energy policies, highlighting opportunities to mitigate the rebound effect and promote sustainable energy transitions. |
| Keywords: | rebound effect, energy transition, Solow model, elasticity of substitution. |
| JEL: | E13 O41 O44 Q43 Q55 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2025-12 |
| By: | Ioannis Kalientzidis; Amelie Barbier-Gauchard; Moises Sidiropoulos |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a New Keynesian Environmental Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (EDSGE) model to analyze the role of government investment in facilitating the transition to a green economy. We extend the standard framework by incorporating two types of capital—polluting (brown) and non-polluting (green)—both of which are used in production. Firms choose their capital mix while being subject to carbon taxation, and the government directly invests in capital formation, with preferences over green and brown investments. The model includes adjustment costs for the production of green capital, capturing the frictions associated with its deployment and the slow adaptation of firms to green alternatives. Our analysis explores the macroeconomic and environmental effects of fiscal policy under different government investment preferences. We find that when the government invests only in brown capital, the crowding-out effect on private investment leads to lower output, reduced consumption, and increased emissions. In contrast, when the government prioritizes green capital, economic growth accelerates while emissions decline, despite the presence of a private investment crowd-out effect. A mixed investment strategy, where the government allocates resources to both types of capital but still favors brown investment, yields results similar to the green-focused scenario but with more moderate effects. A key result of our analysis is that both the full-green and mixed investment strategies reduce the returns on green capital, highlighting that targeted government policies can mitigate production frictions in green capital accumulation. This result underscores the importance of public sector intervention in lowering the financial barriers to green investment and ensuring a smoother transition toward a more sustainable production structure. Moreover, our findings emphasize the broader policy trade-offs involved in financing the green transition. While carbon taxation effectively reduces emissions, its interaction with investment decisions creates supply-side constraints that could slow economic growth if not accompanied by complementary public investment. Overall, our research highlights the pivotal role of government intervention in shaping the dynamics of green transition. By explicitly modeling capital accumulation frictions, carbon taxation, and government investment preferences, we provide a framework that can be used to evaluate climate policies when private sector adaptation is constrained. Our findings reinforce the argument that proactive fiscal policies are highly recommended to align economic incentives with long-term environmental goals, ensuring that the transition to a greener economy is both economically viable and socially optimal. |
| Keywords: | Green Public Capital, New Keynesian Model, Environmental DSGE, Climate Change Policy, Fiscal Policy, Carbon Tax, Emission Reduction, Green Public Investments. |
| JEL: | E62 H23 Q52 Q58 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2025-22 |
| By: | Jakub Sokołowski; Joanna Mazurkiewicz |
| Abstract: | The new carbon tax (ETS2) will increase the cost of heating with coal and gas starting in 2027. Rising energy prices raise concerns about a growing risk of energy poverty. The Social Climate Fund is intended to protect vulnerable households from excessive price increases. It will finance direct transfers and investments aimed at reducing energy consumption, such as thermal retrofits. We show that the risk of energy poverty will increase after the introduction of ETS2, even if thermal retrofitting investments are implemented. Therefore, direct transfers will be necessary. The budget of the Social Climate Fund will be sufficient to ensure that transfers protect low-income households from excessive energy price increases. |
| Keywords: | Social Climate Fund, energy poverty, ETS2 |
| JEL: | D63 H23 I32 Q48 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ibt:ppaper:pp022025 |
| By: | Stefan Ambec; Claude Crampes; Stefan Lamp |
| Abstract: | The energy transition requires significant investment in intermittent renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power. New generation capacities are generally procured through fixed price contracts, such as power purchase agreements and contracts for difference, or feed-in tariffs. With these designs, renewable technologies are selected based on their generation, regardless of their adequacy with demand and supply by other technologies. We show that fixed-price contracts implement the optimal portfolio of renewable technologies if the price is adjusted with a technology-specific bonus-malus system that depends on the correlation between renewable energy production and the wholesale electricity price. We estimate the bonus-malus for solar and wind power in California, France, Germany, and Spain and decompose it to identify the key market factors driving the adjustment. We argue that the bonus-malus measures the cost of integrating intermittent generation into the energy mix. Therefore, it should be added to the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) to obtain the cost of generating an additional megawatt-hour with a specific renewable technology. |
| Keywords: | electricity market, levelized cost of energy, climate change, intermittent renewable energy, feed-in tariff, power purchase agreement, contract for difference |
| JEL: | D47 L23 Q41 Q48 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11977 |
| By: | Pablo Acevedo; Elias Albagli; Gonzalo García-Trujillo; María Antonia Yung |
| Abstract: | This project uses unique Chilean administrative data to shed light on how production networks might play a key role in shaping the macroeconomic impacts of green transition policies. First, using customs and firm-to-firm transaction data that covers the universe of firms in Chile, we build the fossil fuel consumption and the direct CO2 emissions at the firm, sectoral, and aggregate levels. In line with the official national sources, the electricity generation sector is the most important contributor to aggregate CO2 emissions, followed by the manufacturing, transport, and mining sectors. Then, we study the role of input-output linkages in propagating CO2 emissions to the rest of the economy. To do so, we construct the production network and the carbon footprint at the firm level using firm-to-firm transaction data from the Chilean IRS, and we validate our results with the input-output tables approach used in the literature. The results show that the electricity generation sector is central in the network, with potentially important downstream spillover effects, while the mining sector is located in the outer part of the network with rich upstream connections. Also, we show that the copper mining industry is the most exposed one to a carbon tax scheme implemented on all the firms in the economy and also to one that only targets the electricity generation sector. |
| Keywords: | carbon emissions, production network, carbon footprint, downstream and upstream propagation, administrative firm-level data |
| JEL: | E01 D24 D57 E23 H23 Q54 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bis:biswps:1277 |
| By: | Cecilia Bellora; Lionel Fontagné; Christophe Gouel; Youssef Salib |
| Abstract: | This paper revisits the existence of a carbon bias in trade policies, where emissions-intensive sectors receive lower trade protection than cleaner sectors. Using a stylized general equilibrium model that accounts for greenhouse gas emissions, we confirm the presence of a carbon bias but find it to be significantly smaller than previously estimated. Our analysis reveals that this bias is primarily driven by low tariffs on fossil fuels, particularly crude oil. Incorporating the finite nature of fossil fuel resources into the model reduces the responsiveness of fossil fuel production to tariff changes, effectively neutralizing the carbon bias. Furthermore, when accounting for domestic consumption taxes on fossil fuels in non-producing countries –which act as de facto tariffs– the bias shifts toward a pro-environmental stance. These findings underscore the importance of integrating energy markets' specificities and domestic distortions into trade models to better account for the impact of trade policies on the environment. |
| Keywords: | Fossil Fuels;Greenhouse Gases;International Trade;Tariffs |
| JEL: | F13 F18 Q40 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cii:cepidt:2025-08 |
| By: | Joseph Francois (University of Bern); Neil Foster-McGregor (Asian Development Bank) |
| Abstract: | This paper employs a computational general equilibrium model to examine the potential impact of the European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). The paper considers the impact of extending CBAM to other economies, examining whether approaches that require increased coordination of carbon pricing over a greater number of jurisdictions can increase the impact of CBAM. Results suggest that while an expanded scheme of carbon prices and border carbon taxes can reduce emissions, underlying global economic growth trends are more than enough to quickly undo the highest emissions reductions modelled here. As such, sustained technical innovation and major changes in the underlying structure of energy systems will be required to meet Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) targets. The results also reinforce another message of recent IPCC reports, namely that in some cases the potential impacts of mitigation actions through domestic and trade-related carbon taxes may fall disproportionately on poorer regions. |
| Keywords: | computable general equilibrium;carbon pricing;border carbon adjustments |
| JEL: | C68 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025–07–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:021407 |
| By: | Gross, Christian; Kuntz, Laura-Chloé; Niederauer, Simon; Strobel, Lena; Zwanzger, Joachim |
| Abstract: | We develop a novel stress testing framework to quantify the risks to the German banking sector from the green transition. Our methodology combines a macro-level and a micro-level approach to calculate scenario-dependent probabilities of default and losses. The macro approach leverages traditional stress testing techniques in which aggregate scenario variables are translated into aggregate estimates of credit risk indicators. The micro approach uses firm- level balance sheet and carbon emissions data, allowing for the projection of heterogeneous effects across individual borrowers. Given that climate-related risks impact individual sectors and borrowers of the economy differently, exploring ways to quantify the distribution of potential effects is a key element of our framework. We find that potential losses over the near term from a green transition are non-negligible, highlighting that banks' loan portfolios are vulnerable to climate policy. Our estimates show that there are large differences across sectors and firms depending on their characteristics, most notably their carbon footprint, highlighting the importance of concentration risk in bank portfolios. |
| Keywords: | climate-related risks, climate scenarios, stress testing, credit risk |
| JEL: | C11 G21 G28 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bubdps:319621 |
| By: | Paunić, Alida |
| Abstract: | Reducing harmful emissions and decreasing costs of large weather problems is the aim of today. This means new strategies and investment in renewable types of energy. The most countries still linger in old system contributing to its own problems. If problems are not locally solved the world initiatives will reach the end point. |
| Keywords: | energy, production, consumption, projects |
| JEL: | Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–06–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:125106 |
| By: | Shi, Mengjie; Zhang, Yupu; Meinerding, Christoph |
| Abstract: | The introduction of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) has triggered statistically significant negative stock market responses for firms within the EU. Comparing EU customers that have non-EU suppliers in CBAM-affected industries with their non- treated peers in the control group, we find an extra cumulative abnormal return of up to -1.3 percentage points over our main five-day event window around December 13, 2022. Fur- thermore, we document substantial anticipatory market responses reflecting updated beliefs about broader climate policy developments going forward. This paper is the first to provide empirical evidence of carbon border tax impacts on firm valuations through international supply chains. Our findings contribute to the understanding of climate policy transmission through international trade networks and inform the debate on stranded assets resulting from environmental regulations. |
| Keywords: | Carbon border adjustment mechanism, carbon pricing, supply chain, event study, cumulative abnormal returns, trade |
| JEL: | G12 G14 G15 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bubdps:319628 |
| By: | Hugo Morão |
| Abstract: | This paper tackles the urgent issue of how tensions in energy transportation impact oil markets and the global economy. The study introduces an energy transportation uncertainty index, developed from over 50 global newspapers, to monitor fluctuations in uncertainty associated with significant events such as the Tanker War, major US sanctions, the Exxon Valdez oil spill, the Nord Stream sabotage, the Colonial pipeline cyberattack, and various Gulf incidents. Using a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model, the analysis shows that these fluctuations in transportation uncertainty cause increases in real oil prices due to supply chain challenges. While oil production dips initially due to perceived risks, it quickly rebounds, though inventories are heavily used. These shocks also heighten geopolitical tensions and reduce global industrial output. |
| Keywords: | Supply chain disruptions, Energy transportation uncertainty, Geopolitical risks, Oil markets, Uncertainty shocks, SVAR. |
| JEL: | C32 D80 E32 F51 Q43 N70 L95 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:remwps:wp03842025 |
| By: | Miller, Marshall; Fulton, Lewis; Yang, Hong; Zhao, Jingyuan; Burke, Andrew |
| Abstract: | The savings to California from transitioning to zero-emission cars and trucks by 2050 is about $300 billion. These savings result mostly from the cost of zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) dropping close to or below the cost of gasoline and diesel vehicles; additional savings come from operational cost advantages. Policies at the state and national level, as well as the success of ZEV manufacturers, will affect California’s ability to achieve ZEV adoption targets and realize net economic benefits. However, even in the absence of ZEV-supportive policies, the global embrace of electric vehicles and the resulting cost reductions from innovation and scale economies will lead to substantial benefits and savings for California. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–07–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt40k5w5h9 |
| By: | Jesus Ramos-Martin (Departament d'Economia i d'Història Econòmica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona); Shigeru Matsumoto (College of Economics, Aoyama Gakuin University) |
| Abstract: | Accurate projections of residential energy consumption are crucial for achieving decarbonization targets; however, most models overlook demographic dynamics—particularly changes in household composition—which significantly impact energy demand. This study addresses this gap by integrating demographic projections into bottom-up energy forecasts for Spain's residential sector from 2021 to 2039. Using microdata from the Household Budget Survey and disaggregating households into nine types based on size and age structure, the model captures heterogeneous energy use patterns and their evolution over time. Results show that the increasing prevalence of single-person and elderly households, which are less efficient due to reduced economies of scale, offsets much of the expected energy savings from technological improvements. Compared to aggregate models, this disaggregated approach yields more conservative estimates: while per-household and per-capita consumption decline, total residential energy use may increase slightly unless stronger efficiency gains are achieved. To meet Spain’s target of a 1.69% annual reduction in residential energy use by 2030, per-household energy consumption must decrease by over 3.4% annually—more than double the historical rate. These findings highlight the critical role of demographic structure in shaping energy demand and underscore the limitations of conventional modeling approaches. By incorporating household composition into projections, this research enhances the accuracy of energy scenarios and provides evidence for the need to align housing and energy policies with demographic trends. Targeted strategies—such as promoting smaller, energy-efficient dwellings and accelerating building retrofits—are essential for achieving climate goals in an aging and increasingly fragmented society. |
| Keywords: | Households, residential energy consumption, household type distribution, energy consumption scenarios, ageing, behavioral changes |
| JEL: | D10 I31 J11 Q41 Q57 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aub:uhewps:2025_02 |
| By: | Philippe Aghion; Lint Barrage; Eric Donald; David Hémous; Ernest Liu |
| Abstract: | We analyze a model of green technological transition along a supply chain. The model generates a unique equilibrium for given initial conditions but multiple steady-states. We show that: (i) even in the presence of Pigouvian environmental taxation, targeted sectoral subsidies are generally necessary to implement the social optimum; (ii) small, targeted industrial policy may bring large welfare gains; (iii) a government which is unable to subsidize greenification in more than one sector or price carbon at its true social cost should primarily target downstream sectors; (iv) over-investing in greenification in the wrong upstream branch may derail the overall transition towards greenification. Finally, we calibrate our model to decarbonization of heavy duty transportation (trucking, aviation, etc.) via hydrogen. We find that, absent industrial policy, the economy can get stuck in the “wrong” steady-state with CO₂ emissions vastly above the social optimum even with a Pigouvian carbon price in place. |
| JEL: | O0 O3 O38 O4 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33934 |
| By: | Stefano Bolatto; Elias Carroni; Riccardo Pesci; Michele Rabasco |
| Abstract: | In addition to self-production and individual disconnection from the national grid, the ongoing decentralization of the electricity market increasingly relies on energy-sharing mechanisms such as energy communities (ECs). This paper presents a parsimonious model that captures key features of the ECs, focusing on how cost and benefit allocation among community members influences net producers' energy contributions and, consequently, the total amount of energy shared within the community. The model accounts for heterogeneity among net producers in terms of residual generation capacity and distinguishes between two net consumer groups with different energy needs. It also incorporates crucial factors such as participation fees, the distribution of economic benefits among market participants, and the impact of sharing congestion externalities. The analysis shows how different sharing rules affect total energy exchange within the community and, in turn, the welfare distribution among participants. |
| JEL: | D16 D25 D70 L50 L94 O42 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bol:bodewp:wp1204 |
| By: | Schenuit, Felix |
| Abstract: | In the discussions being held at EU level about the 2040 mitigation target, the role of international credits has recently taken centre stage. The new momentum in those discussions is due in part to the German government having announced its support for a mitigation target of a net 90 per cent greenhouse gas emissions reduction is conditional on up to 3 per cent of the target being achieved through international credits. How the target is to be drawn up and what it means for EU climate policy instruments will inevitably give rise to conflicts during the forthcoming legislative processes. Despite open questions about the quality, additionality and availability of the credits, it makes sense to hold a timely debate about their possible functions so that, if necessary, policy instruments can be further developed and corrections made later. It would be expedient to ensure that the use of international credits is focused on durable carbon dioxide removal technologies that are scalable only to a limited extent within the EU itself. Not only could international removal credits make a contribution to overcoming the challenges on the path to greenhouse gas neutrality by counterbalancing residual emissions; the creation of institutionalised demand for high-quality removal methods would also lay the foundation for achieving net-negative emissions. |
| Keywords: | EU mitigation target for 2040, carbon dioxide removal technologies, greenhouse gas neutrality, climate policy, Net-zero emissions, Carbon Management, CCS, CCU, CDR, UNFCCC |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:320461 |
| By: | Josh Burke; Siyu Feng; Maxwell Read; Esin Serin; Ram Smaran Suresh Kumar |
| Abstract: | This report analyses innovation activity represented by patenting data for two carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies - bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) and direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS), referred to collectively as geological CDR - to shed light on the countries that might be best positioned to lead the market for relevant technologies to capture growth opportunities while supporting global climate goals. |
| Keywords: | Green Growth, carbon capture, Technological change |
| Date: | 2025–07–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepsps:51 |
| By: | Till Köveker; Philipp M. Richter; Alexander Schiersch; Robin Sogalla |
| Abstract: | This paper revisits the exporter’s environmental premium (EEP) by incorporating emissions embodied in domestically and internationally sourced intermediate inputs. Combining administrative firm-level data and customs records for German manufacturers with an environmentally extended input-output table and fuel specific emission factors, we document three stylized facts: (i) embodied emissions account for over half of firms’ total emissions; (ii) exporters’ production involves disproportionately more embodied emissions, particularly through international sourcing; and (iii) once embodied emissions are considered, the EEP reverses: exporters appear cleaner based on production-related emissions alone, but dirtier in total emissions. We rationalize these patterns in a sourcing model and test its predictions using a shift-share IV strategy based on foreign demand shocks. Export expansion lowers the production-related emission intensity without affecting total emissions, underscoring the role of sourcing in shaping firm-level environmental outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for embodied emissions when evaluating the welfare and environmental consequences of trade liberalization. |
| Keywords: | Exporter’s environmental premium, CO2 emission intensity, embodied emissions, international sourcing, heterogeneous firms |
| JEL: | F18 F12 L23 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp2126 |
| By: | Hwang, Roland |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt0nh1c41v |
| By: | Pierre Cotterlaz; Christophe Gouel |
| Abstract: | This study examines the evolution of France's carbon footprint from 2000 to 2014, with a particular focus on the role of international trade. During this period, France's territorial emissions decreased by 18%, yet its consumptionbased footprint declined by only 5%. This modest reduction reflects an increase in emissions embedded in imports, which grew from 45% to 54% of the total. Employing a novel structural decomposition analysis, we disentangle the contributions of scale, composition, and technique effects from a consumption perspective. Our approach advances traditional methods by explicitly distinguishing between domestic and foreign influences and by separately analyzing trade openness and the geographic reallocation of trade flows. The results underscore the dominance of the technique effect in reducing emissions (-28%), driven primarily by efficiency improvements abroad. However, the geographic composition effect led to a substantial increase in emissions (+18%), especially due to shifts toward more carbon-intensive trading partners prior to 2008. This pattern - characterized by a growing reliance on foreign improvements for emission reductions - likely foreshadows developments in other developed economies as domestic decarbonization advances. It highlights the need for greater coordination between trade and climate policies. |
| Keywords: | Carbon footprint;Structural decomposition analysis;Consumption-based accounting;Scale, composition, and technique effects;France |
| JEL: | F18 Q54 Q56 C67 F64 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cii:cepidt:2025-09 |
| By: | Rodriguez, M. M.; Chyong, C. K.; Fitzgerald, T.; Martínez, M. V. |
| Abstract: | The reliance on hydrogen as an energy carrier, as part of the transition towards a low-carbon economy, will require the development of a dedicated pipeline infrastructure. This deployment will be shaped by regulatory frameworks governing investment and access conditions, ultimately structuring how the commodity is traded. The paper assesses the market design for hydrogen infrastructure, assuming the application of unbundling requirements. For this purpose, it develops a general economic framework for regulating pipeline infrastructure, focusing on asset specificity, market power and access rules. The paper focuses on the scope of application of infrastructure regulation, which can be set to individual pipelines or to entire networks. When treated as entire networks, the infrastructure can provide flexibility to enhance market liquidity. The paper further compares the regulations applied to the US and EU natural gas transport markets. Based on the challenges the EU hydrogen sector faces, including the absence of wholesale concentration and the large infrastructure needs, the paper draws lessons for a regulatory framework establishing the main building blocks of a hydrogen target model. The paper recommends a review of the current EU regulatory framework in the Hydrogen and Decarbonised Gas Package to i) enable the application of regulation to individual pipelines rather than entire networks; ii) enable the use of negotiated third-party access, light-touch regulation and possibly market-based coordination mechanisms for the access to the infrastructure and, iii) allow for a more significant role for long-term capacity contracts to underpin investment. |
| Keywords: | Hydrogen Infrastructure, Pipeline Regulation, Third-Party Access (TPA), Unbundling, Market Design |
| JEL: | L95 L51 Q48 Q42 D47 |
| Date: | 2025–06–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2540 |
| By: | Parés Olguín, Francisco; Ramji, Aditya; Hwang, Roland; Garcia Sanchez, Juan C |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt6rk5s42x |
| By: | Heidelmeier, Lisa; Sahm, Marco |
| Abstract: | We investigate the impact of an environmental award in a Bertrand duopoly with green consumers considering a three-stage game. First, the regulator designs the environmental contest. Second, firms choose their green investments, and the winner of the contest is awarded. Third, firms compete in prices, and consumption takes place. We illustrate that the award not only incentivizes green investments and may thus reduce environmental externalities. As consumers perceive the product of the awarded firm to be of superior quality, it also gives rise to vertical product differentiation. This induces market power, and thus anti-competitive effects: Rents shift from consumers to producers, and consumer surplus may decrease, particularly if marginal investment costs in green technologies are high compared to the strength of environmental damage. |
| Keywords: | Bertrand Competition, Contests, Environmental Award, Green Consumer, Product Differentiation |
| JEL: | D43 H23 L13 L51 Q52 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bamber:319885 |
| By: | Llorca, M.; Rodriguez-Alvarez, A. |
| Abstract: | Energy poverty refers to the inability of households to afford adequate energy services, connected to negative impacts on health, well-being, and economic opportunities. It is a social policy issue that exacerbates inequality and limits access to essential services, particularly among vulnerable populations. In Spain, energy poverty has become an increasing concern, with many low-income households struggling to meet their energy needs despite various social protection mechanisms. This paper analyses the effectiveness of the Bono Social Eléctrico (BSE), a Spanish social electricity voucher aimed at alleviating energy poverty among vulnerable households. Departing from a microeconomic theoretical framework and a applying a Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) approach, the study evaluates the gap between observed and potential energy poverty levels. The empirical analysis employs Spanish household panel data from 2021 to 2023, capturing key household characteristics and subsidy information. The findings indicate that, while the BSE contributes to reducing energy poverty, its effectiveness is constrained by insufficient coverage and lack of impact on the poorest households. Moreover, energy poverty has worsened over the years and there has been a decline in the mitigating effect of the BSE, while some regional disparities persist. Education and computer access play an important role in addressing energy poverty. The study suggests policy recommendations to enhance the voucher’s targeting mechanisms and explores strategies for more effective interventions to tackle energy poverty. |
| Keywords: | Energy Poverty, Policy Evaluation, Stochastic Frontier Analysis, Spain, Bono Social Eléctrico |
| JEL: | C23 D12 I38 Q48 |
| Date: | 2025–06–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2542 |
| By: | Ghosh, Samarpita; Sarkhel, Prasenjit |
| Abstract: | This paper examines how political representation for marginalized groups affects development outcomes and environmental choices by studying the adoption of clean cooking fuels under India's Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY). Focusing on political reservations for Scheduled Tribes (STs), we assess how these institutional arrangements influence household fuel use across ecologically diverse regions. Using village-level data from the 2020 Mission Antyodaya Survey and high-resolution forest cover data, we employ a spatial regression discontinuity design (SRD) to compare LPG adoption between Scheduled Areas (administratively designated tribal-majority regions) and non-Scheduled Areas. We find that ST political reservations at the assembly constituency level are associated with a significant reduction in PMUY uptake in Scheduled Areas. To explore variation within SAs, we employ Propensity Score Matching to assess the impact of the Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Areas Act (PESA), which mandates ST representation in local governance. We find that PESA increases LPG adoption in villages located in open forest and scrubland, while it reduces uptake in regions with moderately dense forests. Additionally, our analysis reveals that higher forest cover displaces clean fuel use, and quantile regressions confirm that PESA implementation is linked to forest gains-suggesting that politically empowered ST leaders may promote conservation, inadvertently reinforcing biomass dependence. Our findings highlight a policy trade-off between environmental stewardship and the clean energy transition in ecologically sensitive tribal areas. |
| Keywords: | Clean Fuel, Forest Cover, PESA, Propensity Score Matching, Scheduled Area, Spatial Regression Discontinuity |
| JEL: | O13 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:320716 |
| By: | Jain, Aakansha; Hwang, Roland; Ramji, Aditya |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt3g18x2tm |
| By: | Pollitt, M. G.; Terribile, M. M. |
| Abstract: | The configuration of bidding zones has become a central issue in the ongoing debate on electricity market design. This paper critically analyzes the effectiveness and limitations of zonal pricing through a comparative analysis of Italy, Norway, and Sweden—three countries with mature zonal systems—and markets such as Texas and California, which initially adopted zonal pricing but later transitioned to nodal regimes. We investigate the institutional, technical and socio-economic factors shaping these di-vergent trajectories, highlighting how national governance structures and energy system characteristics influence market performance. In zonal market architectures, locational pricing is systematically applied on the supply side, while on the demand side, zonal pricing is optional and depends on the specific market design. By examining zone defi-nition processes, price convergence, redispatch volumes and market liquidity, we iden-tify both the commonalities and context-specific dynamics that underpin zonal market outcomes. While zonal pricing can enhance locational transparency and support efficient investment, its long-term effectiveness relies on regular, data-driven revisions of zone boundaries that reflect evolving grid conditions. Although often conceptualized as an intermediate step toward nodal pricing, zonal pricing in practice tends to exhibit con-siderable inertia. The evolution of zones is typically gradual, with reconfigurations oc-curring infrequently and sometimes even resulting in a reduction in the number of zones. The findings support a flexible and adaptive approach to bidding zone design, guided by empirical evidence and aligned with the broader objectives of decarbonization, market integration, and system reliability. |
| Keywords: | Zonal Pricing, Electricity Markets, Congestion Management, Bidding Zones |
| JEL: | L94 |
| Date: | 2025–06–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2541 |
| By: | Pablo Garcia Sanchez; Olivier Pierrard |
| Abstract: | While a sustained contraction of global production could lower emissions, it would hamper economic development in poorer countries, reduce living standards for low-income households in advanced economies, and heighten the risk of social unrest. Therefore, reducing carbon intensity emissions per unit of output appears to be the most viable and sustainable path forward. We make two contributions: one empirical and one theoretical. Empirically, we show that the distribution of carbon intensities across major economies has followed a path since 1995 that is well approximated by the transport equation, a basic differential equation from physics. Theoretically, we show that in an extended Solow model with abatement capital, the distribution of carbon intensity across a continuum of economies also follows the dynamics described by the transport equation. This theoretical result remains empirically plausible under standard parameter values. Unlike its empirical counterpart, the calibrated model can provide projections of emissions and temperature increases under various policy scenarios, with results aligning closely with forecasts by leading institutions. |
| Keywords: | Carbon intensity; Transport equation; Solow model. |
| JEL: | O44 Q50 |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bcl:bclwop:bclwp198 |
| By: | Schmitt, Maike |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the relation between air quality and individual life satisfaction in Germany. Life satisfaction data from the German socio-economic panel is connected with daily county pollution in terms of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone from 1998 to 2008. The assumed microeconometric happiness function is estimated considering individual fixed effects. Ozone has a significant negative impact on life satisfaction. The effect of carbon monoxide as well as nitrogen dioxide is not significant. Moreover, I found that people with environmental worries are more affected by ozone pollution. This was not the case for people with a bad health status. Using the marginal rate of substitution between income and air pollution, it is calculated that an increase of one µg/m³ in average county ozone has to be compensated by an increase of € 11.33 in monthly net household income to hold an average individual's life satisfaction constant. |
| Date: | 2025–06–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dar:wpaper:155306 |
| By: | Samantha Borkhoche; Miss Eman Abdulla; Mr. Edward R Gemayel; Vidhi Maheshwari; Faten Saliba |
| Abstract: | Africa is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change despite its minimal contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions. The continent’s burden manifests in shifting weather patterns which threatens food security and economic stability, compounded by a growing population. This paper is a novel attempt at understanding whether trade in “green goods" and engaging in “green practices" can reduce negative environmental outcomes in the region. Using local projections methods, we find that increasing trade in “green goods" decreases the harmful effect on the environment in the medium-term. In the medium-term, there are cumulative improvements in ecological footprint by about 4%, decreases in net CO2 emissions embedded in trade by about 60-100% of total domestic production, and decreases in PM2.5 air pollution by about 1%. We also construct a novel Green Practices Index for Sub-Saharan Africa to benchmark individual country performance and facilitate regional cooperation on green practices. We find that engaging in green practices decreases harmful environmental outcomes by about 0.3-1.5% in the medium-term. |
| Keywords: | Development strategy; production practices; regional cooperation; externalities; resource use; growth resilience; local projection methods; Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2025–07–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/131 |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Angelos Alamanos; Giannis Arampatzidis; Stathis Devves; Kostas Dellis; Christopher Deranian; Tatiana Pliakou |
| Abstract: | Achieving climate neutrality in Europe requires a collective effort that goes well beyond national energy plans, extending into food systems, land use, and natural resources. While each Member State's National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) outlines individual targets, a common assessment addressing diversity in planning horizons, data detail, and resources' considerations is lacking. This report bridges these gaps by simulating Europe's 35 NECPs through an integrated, systems-nexus framework that couples energy-emissions, food-land, biofuels and water models under two scenarios: "Business as Usual" (BAU, current trends) and the full implementation of the National Commitments (NC) for net-zero. |
| Date: | 2025–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2548 |
| By: | Hasna, Z.; Hatton, H.; Jaumotte, F.; Kim, J.; Mohaddes, K.; Pienknagura, S. |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how climate policies affect low-carbon innovation (as measured by patents) and assesses the link between such innovation and economic activity. Climate policies, including international cooperation, spur both specific and overall innovation, with regulations, emissions-trading systems, and expenditure measures such as R&D subsidies and feed-in tariffs being particularly impactful. In turn, low-carbon innovation raises economic activity as much as other types of innovation and past technological revolutions. However, the mechanisms are different: low-carbon innovation increases capital accumulation, while other types of innovation increase total factor productivity (TFP). |
| Keywords: | Low-Carbon Innovation, Growth, Climate Policies, Climate Change, Porter Hypothesis |
| JEL: | F64 H23 O33 O44 Q55 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2544 |
| By: | Ramji, Aditya; Dhole, Anuj; Sperling, Daniel; Fulton, Lewis; Hwang, Roland |
| Abstract: | ITS-Davis has analyzed the design of self-financing zero emission truck (ZET) incentive programs that could help the current underfunded Clean Truck and Bus Voucher Program (HVIP) and continue to provide certainty for fleet buyers to transition, given the recently withdrawn Advanced Clean Fleet (ACF) regulation for trucks. The revenues are generated by either imposing a one-time pollution charge on the price of new diesel truck sales or a recurring annual surcharge to annual registration fees, with the revenues used to incentivize ZET sales. For instance, if a one-time charge of 6.8% is imposed on new diesel truck sales, or an annual polluter charge was imposed on diesel trucks ranging from $290 to $820 per truck, depending on the type of truck, about $3.4 billion would be generated over 10 years. On an annual basis, this would roughly be equivalent to the average funding level of $340 million per year from 2021 to 2024 of the current HVIP incentive program. Such a program would harness market forces by sending a clear signal to truck buyers and manufacturers, and would generate revenue for incentive funds for ZETs, with no cost to government or taxpayers. The charges would be administratively straightforward to collect. As a one-time charge, it could be collected at the time of vehicle purchase. Alternatively, as an annual charge, it could be assessed as part of the annual registration and renewal fee, known as the Commercial Vehicle Registration (CVRA) fee. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt5wc7028m |
| By: | Zeina Hasna; Henry Hatton; Florence Jaumotte; Jaden Kim; Kamiar Mohaddes; Samuel Pienknagura |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how climate policies affect low-carbon innovation (as measured by patents) and assesses the link between such innovation and economic activity. Climate policies, including international cooperation, spur both specific and overall innovation, with regulations, emissions-trading systems, and expenditure measures such as R&D subsidies and feed-in tariffs being particularly impactful. In turn, low-carbon innovation raises economic activity as much as other types of innovation and past technological revolutions. However, the mechanisms are different: low-carbon innovation increases capital accumulation, while other types of innovation increase total factor productivity (TFP). |
| Keywords: | low-carbon innovation, growth, climate policies, climate change, Porter Hypothesis |
| JEL: | F64 H23 O33 O44 Q55 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2025-39 |
| By: | Julien Ancel (LGI - Laboratoire Génie Industriel - CentraleSupélec - Université Paris-Saclay, CEC - Chaire Economie du Climat - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées) |
| Abstract: | Time-varying retail tariffs play a key role in activating demand-side flexibility in power systems.In retail markets, such tariffs compete with constant-in-time, or flat, tariffs. We investigate how the coexistence of these two tariff types influences their respective pricing levels and adoption rates among a diverse consumer base. To this end, we propose a multi-leader-followers model featuring a continuum of consumers characterized by their penalization of responding to price changes at the lower level and two competing retailers at the upper level. One retailer offers a time-varying tariff and the other a flat one. We derive the equilibria of the retail market under various assumptions about each retailer's responsiveness to the other's decisions, and compare the outcomes with those under a regulated monopolist retailer. We then provide a numerical application of the results based on the French electricity retail market. At equilibrium, the time-varying tariff's dynamics is dampened relative to the first-best real time price due to competitive pressure from the flat tariff and the distribution of consumers. When the time-varying tariff is known ex-ante, competition leads to lower or more uncertain adoption of the time-varying tariff compared to a monopolistic retailer offering both tariffs. When it is not, the monopolistic retailer option seems less attractive in terms of mobilized demand-side flexibility than retail competition, notably if consumers overestimate electricity prices on average. In that case, less flexible consumers bear the cost of imperfectly forecasting the tariff levels. |
| Keywords: | Power retail, Price competition, Dynamic tariffs, Demand response |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05100663 |
| By: | Jan Pedro Zeiss (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Valeria Jana Schwanitz; August Wierling; Timothy Peter Marcroft; Constantin von Beck; Arnaud Diemer (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne) |
| Abstract: | In view of the emerging social, environmental and economic crises, the degrowth movement questions the current growth paradigm. The fundamental criticism put forth by degrowth is that unlimited growth cannot be sustained within the planetary boundaries. Citizen-owned and democratically controlled Community Energy Initiatives (CEI) engage since many years in the sustainable energy transition. This paper investigates to what extent they align with the degrowth movement. Drawing from an inventory of over 10000 European Community Energy Initiatives, we go beyond the few case studies and theoretical think-pieces. We test potential alignment by empirically investigating indicators for the following degrowth imperatives: (1) Reduce environmental impact, (2) Re-orient economic priorities, (3) Reduce inequality (4) Foster democratic decision making, and (5) Re-localize production and consumption. The results suggest a strong alignment with the environmental impact reduction, democratic decision making, and relocalized production and consumption imperatives, while the alignment with the economic re-orientation and inequality reduction imperatives varies considerably across countries and types of initiatives. |
| Abstract: | Face aux crises sociales, environnementales et économiques émergentes, le mouvement de la décroissance remet en question le paradigme actuel de la croissance. La critique fondamentale formulée par la décroissance est qu'une croissance illimitée ne peut être maintenue dans les limites de la planète. Les initiatives énergétiques communautaires (IEC), détenues par des citoyens et contrôlées démocratiquement, s'engagent depuis de nombreuses années dans la transition vers l'énergie durable. Cet article étudie dans quelle mesure elles s'alignent sur le mouvement de décroissance. À partir d'un inventaire de plus de 10000 initiatives énergétiques communautaires européennes, nous allons au-delà des quelques études de cas et des réflexions théoriques. Nous testons l'alignement potentiel en examinant empiriquement les indicateurs des impératifs de décroissance suivants : (1) réduire l'impact environnemental, (2) réorienter les priorités économiques, (3) réduire les inégalités, (4) favoriser la prise de décision démocratique et (5) relocaliser la production et la consommation. Les résultats suggèrent un fort alignement sur les impératifs de réduction de l'impact environnemental, de prise de décision démocratique et de relocalisation de la production et de la consommation, tandis que l'alignement sur les impératifs de réorientation économique et de réduction des inégalités varie considérablement d'un pays à l'autre et d'un type d'initiative à l'autre. Traduit avec DeepL.com (version gratuite) |
| Keywords: | Community energy Energy cooperatives Degrowth Energy transition European Union |
| Date: | 2025–05–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05110749 |
| By: | Parés Olguín, Francisco |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–07–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt8fk7k0d4 |
| By: | Abatemarco, Antonio; Dell'Anno, Roberto; Lagomarsino, Elena |
| Abstract: | The implementation of environmental policies varies substantially across geographical areas. This paper proposes a conceptual and methodological framework—adapted from the health economics literature— to assess equity in the allocation of environmental policy effort. We define “environmental care” as the set of local policy interventions aimed at improving environmental quality within an area, and evaluate its distribution relative to environmental need. Using direct and indirect standardization techniques, we measure horizontal inequity (unequal care among areas with similar need) and vertical inequity (differential care in response to differing needs). Applying this framework to traffic-related air pollution policies in Italian municipalities from 2012 to 2021, we find that the observed reduction of overall inequality in environmental care is mostly driven by a decline in horizontal inequity. However, we find evidence of persistent socioeconomic disparities, with lower-income municipalities receiving disproportionately less policy effort relative to their environmental needs. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Health Economics and Policy, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–07–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:359332 |
| By: | Geoffroy Dolphin; Gianluigi Ferrucci |
| Abstract: | The EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) came into force on October 1, 2023, introducing reporting requirements for importers of covered products and, from 2026, an obligation to pay a fee on the carbon content of imported goods. This paper uses indices of ad valorem tariffs to assess the incidence of the EU CBAM on both EU member states and the EU’s trading partners. Overall, the direct impact on EU countries’ trade is estimated to be small, adding 0.1 percent to the value of EU imports when averaged across all imports, and 0.04 percent to the average cost of non-EU countries’ exports to the EU—with a maximum of 1.2 percent. However, effects could be sizeable for specific products such as iron, steel and aluminium, which can help explain CBAM’s political salience. Moreover, an expanded CBAM featuring full coverage of ETS sectors and a significantly higher carbon price could entail larger costs in the more distant future. |
| Keywords: | Carbon Leakage; Emissions Trading; Carbon Taxation; Trade Policy |
| Date: | 2025–06–20 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/125 |
| By: | Erik Katovich (University of Connecticut); Dominic Parker (University of Wisconsin-Madison); Steven Poelhekke (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute) |
| Abstract: | Sectoral expansions and contractions cause labor reallocation out of declining industries and into booming industries. Which types of workers gain and lose from these transitions? Using linked employer-employee panel data from Brazil spanning boom-bust cycles in its oil sector, we compare oil entrants with closely-matched workers hired into other sectors in the same year. We find that entry timing interacts with worker skill in ways that have lasting effects. Only highly educated workers hired into oil at the onset of a boom reap persistent earnings premiums across the boom-bust cycle. For most later entrants, especially low-education workers, the decision to enter the oil industry results in persistent unemployment and earnings penalties. We document mechanisms underlying this first-in, last-out pattern. Accumulated experience in professional occupations insulates high-education early entrants from downturns, while a boom in sector-specific training programs intensifies competition among later entrants. We discuss implications for energy transitions. |
| JEL: | J24 J31 Q33 |
| Date: | 2025–05–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20250033 |
| By: | Financial Markets Department (Bank of Japan) |
| Abstract: | To accelerate efforts in tackling climate change, it is crucial for financial markets to play a greater role in terms of financial intermediation by incorporating risks and opportunities arising from climate change into the pricing of financial instruments, such as stocks and bonds, and by providing a more favorable environment for the issuance of climate change-related ESG bonds (hereinafter "the ESG bonds"). Since 2022, the Bank of Japan has conducted the Market Functioning Survey concerning Climate Change to evaluate those developments and challenges in Japanese financial markets. Respondents in the fourth survey viewed that climate-related risks and opportunities were priced into both the stock and corporate bond markets in Japan slightly more than the previous survey. To further incorporate these factors into market prices, the most frequently cited priority was "increasing issuers and/or investors that place a high value on climate-related risks and opportunities." Regarding the current status of the ESG bond market, there was a slight shift in respondents' assessment of the economic advantages of issuing the ESG bonds. As the expansion of the investor base became limited, respondents' views on supply and demand conditions changed toward loosening. Their views on the advantages of issuance conditions for the ESG bonds over non-ESG bonds, such as the presence of a greenium, also became somewhat more cautious. The proportion of respondents selecting "gaining new investors and/or diversifying the investor base" as a reason for issuing the ESG bonds declined accordingly. As for the market outlook, both business corporates and investors appeared to remain willing to use the ESG bonds actively over a somewhat long term. However, business corporates seemed to be considering fundraising methods for climate change-related responses more flexibly, including options such as taking out loans or issuing non-ESG bonds. Under these circumstances, the most frequently cited challenge for expanding the ESG bond market was "increasing issuers and/or investors that place a high value on climate-related risks and opportunities." Although there were slight changes in respondents' views on the economic aspects of the ESG bonds, companies maintained their overall stance on gaining understanding and securing necessary funds to address climate change. They have consistently placed greater importance on business strategy and reputation rather than economic benefits as primary reasons for issuing the ESG bonds, and this perspective continues to shape their approach. Transition finance is being increasingly utilized, particularly in high-emitting sectors, and many companies plan to use it going forward. Respondents also indicated that they would utilize transition plans, for example, as tools for fundraising. The international situation surrounding climate finance has changed since last autumn, against the backdrop of the change in administration in the United States and intensified discussions over industrial competitiveness in Europe. In this survey, there appeared to be no clear indication that these developments had a direct and significant impact on the views of market participants in Japan. Some respondents noted that Japan's approach to climate finance had been well-balanced to date, and thus there had been little notable influence of these international developments on domestic efforts. At the same time, these developments seem to have sparked growing interest in climate change-related initiatives among respondents. Many respondents expressed views on climate finance and disclosure from various perspectives, including cost-effectiveness, underlying philosophy, and practical effectiveness. Looking ahead, how such developments will affect the views of market participants in Japan is a key point of interest. As climate-related disclosure legislation continues to advance, the role and positioning of the ESG bonds within corporate strategies may shift. It is therefore be important to closely monitor these trends when assessing the functioning of climate-related financial markets. |
| Date: | 2025–07–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boj:bojron:ron250716a |
| By: | Mark Budolfson; Michael Geruso; Kevin J. Kuruc; Dean Spears; Sangita Vyas |
| Abstract: | A smaller human population would emit less carbon, other things equal, but how large is the effect? Here we test the widely-shared view that an important benefit of the ongoing, global decline in fertility will be reductions in long-run temperatures. We contrast a baseline of global depopulation (the most likely future) with a counterfactual in which the world population continues to grow for two more centuries. Although the two population paths differ by billions of people in 2200, we find that the implied temperatures would differ by less than one tenth of a degree C—far too small to impact climate goals. Timing drives the result. Depopulation is coming within the 21st century, but not for decades. Fertility shifts take generations to meaningfully change population size, by which time per capita emissions are projected to have significantly declined, even under pessimistic policy assumptions. Meanwhile, a smaller population slows the non-rival innovation that powers improvements in long-run productivity and living standards, an effect we estimate to be quantitatively important. Once the possibility of large-scale net-negative emissions is accounted for, even the sign of the population-temperature link becomes ambiguous. Humans cause greenhouse gas emissions, but human depopulation, starting in a few decades, will not meet today’s climate challenges. |
| JEL: | J11 J13 O30 O40 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33932 |
| By: | Asa Watten; Soren T. Anderson |
| Abstract: | Cars have gotten bigger and faster yet more fuel efficient in recent decades. Why? We estimate an equilibrium model of car attribute production using U.S. household microdata for 1995–2017 and structurally decompose attribute trends into underlying mechanisms. We find that technical change led to gains in all attributes. Rising gas prices boosted efficiency but were offset by surging demand for size and acceleration. Efficiency standards were largely ineffective. We show that using technology alone to meet tighter standards quadruples compliance costs, while half the efficiency gain from a fuel-saving technology subsidy is reallocated to other attributes in equilibrium. |
| JEL: | L62 O3 Q4 R4 |
| Date: | 2025–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33979 |
| By: | Stefano Di Bucchianico; Mario di Serio; Matteo Fragetta; Mr. Giovanni Melina |
| Abstract: | A Bayesian factor-augmented interacted vector autoregression framework purified of expectations is employed to analyze how government spending shocks have impacted CO2 emissions in the United States from the 1980s to the pre-pandemic period. Consumption-generated emissions are found to have generally risen following fiscal expansions, although their elasticity to government spending has declined substantially over time—with the five-year elasticity dropping from about 0.5 in the early 1980s to 0.1 by 2019. In contrast, positive government spending shocks increased production-generated emissions in the early 1980s—with a five-year elasticity near 0.4—but reversed course by the 1990s, eventually reaching an elasticity of –0.5 by the end of the sample. Examination of time-varying interaction variables suggests that environmental regulation, tertiarization, and a larger share of spending on public goods can mitigate—or even reverse—the emissions growth associated with economic expansions driven by government spending. Furthermore, government consumption, rather than investment, is chiefly responsible for these shifts in emissions elasticities. |
| Keywords: | government spending; fiscal policy; CO2 emissions |
| Date: | 2025–07–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/132 |
| By: | Banuri, Sheheryar; Sergenti, Ernest John |
| Abstract: | Climate change is a global challenge requiring unprecedented levels of collective action. In this context, this paper asks: do appeals to historical responsibility facilitate or hinder collective action? This paper uses a simple lab experiment simulating climate mitigation bargaining between high- and low-income countries. A key design feature is that the need for mitigation is triggered based on historical actions that were undertaken without knowledge of their impact on the environment (and hence, the need for mitigation). Two treatment arms were conducted, a baseline where the cause for mitigation (past actions) is not revealed, and a treatment—“the shadow of history”—where the historical origins of the problem are made explicit. In both conditions, negotiations take place regarding contributions to a mitigation fund (i.e., collective action). Results show that revealing the shadow of history marginally increases average contributions, but the distribution of those contributions changes markedly. When made aware of the historical causes of the climate problem, low-income countries significantly reduce their contributions, while high-income countries contribute more—offsetting the reduction. Critically, the overall welfare of low-income countries increases, while it decreases for high-income countries. Moreover, results from textual analysis of chat data show greater tension when historical responsibility is made explicit, with more negative sentiment and adversarial conversations. These results suggest that appealing to historical responsibility appears to be a successful negotiations tactic for poor countries. |
| Date: | 2025–06–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:11160 |
| By: | Ramji, Aditya |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt4vk7g59h |
| By: | Bettendorf, Timo |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effects of uncertainty shocks on selected U.S. financial asset prices by decomposing a traditional uncertainty shock into its supply-side and demand-side components. Following the approach by Piffer and Podstawski (2018), we identify uncertainty shocks using the price of gold and enhance this strategy by introducing the price of oil as a second variable. By examining daily price changes during significant events that trigger uncertainty, we provide evidence suggesting that despite an increase in gold prices, supply-side uncertainty shocks (e.g. armed conflicts or natural disasters) tend to result in higher oil prices, while demand-side uncertainty shocks (e.g. political and economic events) lead to declining oil prices. By exploiting this information with help of sign restrictions, we create two proxy variables and estimate Bayesian Vector Autoregression (BVAR) models to identify supply-side and demand-side uncertainty shocks. Our findings indicate that while gold prices alone can identify uncertainty shocks for most variables, the inclusion of oil prices reveals an additional dimension. The effects of these shocks differ in their impact on inflation expectations and may thus be a potential source of price puzzles if only the price of gold is considered. |
| Keywords: | uncertainty, proxy VAR, sign restrictions |
| JEL: | E43 E47 E52 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bubdps:319620 |
| By: | Hwang, Roland; Jain, Aakansha; Ramji, Aditya |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt38p3m0f2 |
| By: | Bo WU; Ioana FILIPAS |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the GHG emission reduction incentive problem when a supply chain faces dual moral hazard and multi-goal. We innovatively characterize dual moral hazard and multi-goal functions of a supply chain and obtain some findings. First, when a brand prioritizes multiple goals, it will make greater efforts to reduce GHG emissions than the manufacturer. Surprisingly, the more complex the environment of moral hazard, the less likely the manufacturer will make concessions. In general, considering multi-goal of brand reduces the problem of double marginalization in a supply chain. Second, while supply chains face complex double moral hazard, the brand’s burden of GHG reduction can only be reduced by prioritizing heavily sustainability and consumer surplus goals. Third, firms face a dual moral hazard when pursuing sustainability and consumer surplus goals, which can sometimes be positive. |
| Keywords: | sustainable efforts; moral hazard; multi goals; risk aversion; uncertainty. |
| JEL: | Q51 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2025-25 |
| By: | Heidelmeier, Lisa; Schmitt, Stefanie Y. |
| Abstract: | Although consumers often care about environmental quality, limited attention impairs consumers' perception of environmental quality. Environmental awards and labels make environmental quality salient and attract consumers' attention. We analyze how awards and labels affect firms' investments in environmental quality and social welfare. We show that, with an award, both firms invest in environmental quality; with a label, only one firm invests. Under awards, investments depend positively on salience. Under labels, investments depend non-monotonically on salience. A welfare-maximizing social planner prefers awards over labels if and only if marginal damage and salience are sufficiently high such that consumers overestimate the environmental quality of the goods. |
| Keywords: | awards, environmental quality, labels, limited attention, salience |
| JEL: | D91 L13 L15 Q52 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bamber:319884 |
| By: | Ms. Zeina Hasna; Henry Hatton; Ms. Florence Jaumotte; Jaden Kim; Mr. Kamiar Mohaddes; Samuel Pienknagura |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how climate policies affect low-carbon innovation (as measured by patents) and assesses the link between such innovation and economic activity. Climate policies, including international cooperation, spur both specific and overall innovation, with regulations, emissions-trading systems, and expenditure measures such as R&D subsidies and feed-in tariffs being particularly impactful. In turn, low-carbon innovation raises economic activity as much as other types of innovation and past technological revolutions. However, the mechanisms are different: low-carbon innovation increases capital accumulation, while other types of innovation increase total factor productivity (TFP). |
| Keywords: | Low-Carbon Innovation; Growth; Climate policies; Climate change; Porter Hypothesis |
| Date: | 2025–06–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/130 |
| By: | Jaller, Miguel; Valencia-Cardenas, Maria C. |
| Abstract: | This report develops an equitable and sustainable freight-oriented land use (LU) methodology to support future planning activities, enabling the integration of freight activity across urban, suburban, and rural areas and facilitating the transition of heavy- and medium-duty vehicles toward zero-emission. The methods include a literature review to identify freight sustainable strategies, policy analysis at different scales, characterization of local context, and demand/supply patterns. The latter examines the spatial distribution and land use characteristics of freight facilities and retail/service sectors in the Sacramento region to inform sustainable and equitable planning strategies. This analysis identifies co-location patterns, accessibility gaps, and sectoral interactions using a multi-dimensional approach integrating spatial clustering, distance analysis, population-employment dynamics, and environmental burdens. Data sources include Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES), American Community Survey (ACS), CalEnviroScreen, and OpenStreetMap, alongside geospatial tools in R. The findings suggest the need for targeted interventions to address potential conflicts, service deserts, and environmental justice concerns. The study proposes actionable strategies for planners to support balanced economic development and improve access to essential services. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Land Use, Sustainable Freight Strategies, Transportation Policy, Transportation Planning, Spatial equity, Demand-Supply interaction |
| Date: | 2025–07–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt2x20p4fg |
| By: | Rabah Arezki; Frederick van der Ploeg; Rick van der Ploeg |
| Abstract: | Economic super-powers are racing to control critical minerals in developing economies fueling conflict, environmental damage and poverty. In this paper, we first explore what could well constitute a new “critical minerals curse”. We then highlight the dualism of institutions required for developing countries to navigate the phenomenon. Specifically, we argue that the difficulty for developing countries rich in minerals lies in the balancing act between these two different types of institutions, namely outward- and inward-facing institutions. |
| Keywords: | imports, market concentration, natural resources, resource curse |
| JEL: | O12 O13 F14 F10 L12 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11966 |
| By: | I. Kalaitzoglou (Audencia Business School) |
| Abstract: | This paper revisits the informational efficiency of the EU ETS at a micro level, by introducing a novel time variant structural decomposition of variance. The new modelling introduces GARCH-like effects into a structural price modelling. With this, all variance components, including public information and price discreteness, can be estimated, for the first time, in a continuously updated setup that is free of sampling bias. The empirical findings report that although all variance components decrease in magnitude, this is primarily due to higher overall market liquidity that results in less price discovery per trade. On a proportional basis, though, the EU ETS appears to be increasingly inefficient prior to the introduction of MiFID II rules, with the situation reversing after their implementation. This is evidence that transparency is vital in rendering emission allowances a policy rather than a speculative instrument. |
| Keywords: | EU ETS MiFID II Algorithmic trading |
| Date: | 2025–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05133749 |
| By: | Ketterling, Corinna Irina |
| Abstract: | This article analyzes the evolving legal landscape of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) regulation and standardization, highlighting the fragmentation, ambiguities, and power dynamics that characterize current ESG governance. First, it offers a conceptual clarification of ESG and contrasts it with the historically established Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) framework, tracing the shift from voluntary ethics-based approaches to legally binding obligations. Second, it examines the transatlantic divide between the United States and the European Union, with a particular focus on the transition from voluntary disclosure in the U.S. to mandatory ESG reporting frameworks in the EU. Third, the paper investigates the definitional inconsistencies and methodological challenges surrounding ESG standards, ratings, and frameworks. Fourth, it provides an overview of current EU legal instruments—including the CSRD, EU Taxonomy, and EFRAG initiatives—and analyzes their implications for companies, regulators, and investors. Finally, it presents a comparative snapshot of the global status quo regarding ESG standard integration and regulatory approaches. Across all sections, the paper highlights the need for a coherent legal framework, robust quality infrastructure, and harmonized standard-setting mechanisms to support effective and credible ESG implementation. Note: This is the full length article (approx. 24, 000 words), while a shortened version is currently in preparation for submission to a peer-reviewed journal. |
| Date: | 2025–06–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:47efm_v1 |
| By: | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
| Abstract: | The Technical Guidance for Assessment Environmental Justice in Regulatory Analysis is designed to help EPA analysts evaluate potential environmental justice (EJ) concerns associated with EPA regulatory actions. It provides recommendations for analysts on how to assess the existence of EJ concerns prior to the rulemaking and whether such concerns are exacerbated, mitigated, or remain unchanged for each regulatory option under consideration. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:enecgd:348895 |
| By: | Kai Fischer; Simon Martin; Karl Schlag |
| Abstract: | We develop a tractable model of competitive price cycles where prices are chosen alternatingly and consumers have heterogenous information. The model yields sharp empirical predictions about price patterns, impact of captive consumers and pass-through. Using rich station-level price data from the German retail gasoline market, we test these predictions. Consistent with the model, we find price cycles, characterized by frequent small price cuts and infrequent sharp increases. These cycles shorten as costs rise and are more likely to be initiated by firms with more captive consumers. Pass-through of input costs is incomplete, in contrast to alternative theories. |
| Keywords: | price cycles, tacit collusion, coordination, gasoline markets |
| JEL: | D43 D83 L11 L41 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11971 |
| By: | Laron Alleyne; Patrick Blagrave |
| Abstract: | We examine the vulnerability of inflation in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) to global food and fuel inflation changes, drawing on a large panel of 168 countries, including 31 SIDS. Estimates using the local projections methodology of Jordà (2005) reveal that inflation in SIDS is nearly twice as responsive to international food commodity inflation shocks as in non-SIDS counterparts. There is also evidence of asymmetry in food inflation pass-through, with food-inflation increases having larger pass-through than equivalently sized food-inflation decreases. Results hold even in the presence of country-specific fixed-effects and other control variables, most notably the weight of food and oil in a country’s CPI basket, further strengthening the finding that there is something SIDS-specific leading to higher food inflation pass-through. In the case of shocks to international crude oil inflation, the disparity between SIDS and non-SIDS is less apparent. Our results can be interpreted as indicating that market structures, dependence on imports, and the health of supply chains impact food-inflation passthrough, and should thus be priority areas for policymakers in SIDS. |
| Keywords: | Small Island Developing States; Inflation; Pass-through; Local Projections; Global Supply-Chain |
| Date: | 2025–07–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2025/138 |
| By: | Stacciarini, João Henrique Santana (Federal University of Goiás); Gonçalves, Ricardo Junior de Assis Fernandes |
| Abstract: | La inteligencia artificial (IA) se ha expandido significativamente en los últimos años, impregnando diversos sectores de la economía y de la vida cotidiana. Sin embargo, esta rápida adopción exige un análisis de las contrapartidas asociadas a su funcionamiento, muchas veces desconocidas por el público. Con base en un análisis de datos extraídos de artículos académicos, informes técnicos, repositorios de datos y documentos gubernamentales, este artículo explora las dimensiones físicas, energéticas y geopolíticas subyacentes a la IA. Aunque a menudo se percibe como inmaterial, la IA depende de una vasta y compleja infraestructura física, sostenida por centros de datos que albergan miles de equipos fabricados a partir de una amplia gama de minerales y metales, muchos de ellos clasificados como críticos. Actualmente, existen alrededor de 12 mil centros de datos en operación a nivel mundial, incluidos 992 de hiperescala, que ocupan áreas de miles de metros cuadrados. El corto ciclo de vida de los equipos de estos centros, combinado con una eliminación inadecuada, excluye metales valiosos de la cadena de suministro, intensificando la extracción mineral y agravando los impactos socioambientales. Paralelamente, la disputa entre Estados Unidos y China por el control de minerales críticos y por el liderazgo en tecnologías de IA ha intensificado las tensiones geopolíticas, con restricciones mutuas a la exportación de tecnologías avanzadas y minerales esenciales. Otro aspecto relevante es el alto consumo energético de las aplicaciones de IA: en Estados Unidos, los centros de datos ya representan cerca del 4% del consumo nacional de electricidad, con una previsión de alcanzar el 9, 1% para 2030. Aunque las grandes empresas tecnológicas invierten en fuentes renovables, como la solar y la eólica, para satisfacer esta creciente demanda, dichas fuentes también requieren volúmenes significativos de minerales críticos. Este conjunto de factores evidencia la compleja interconexión entre Inteligencia Artificial, Centros de Datos, Minerales Críticos, Energía y Geopolítica. |
| Date: | 2025–06–15 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:h6fn3_v1 |
| By: | Rabah Arezki; Frederick van der Ploeg; Gregoire Rota-Graziosi; Văn Đạo Lê; Rick van der Ploeg |
| Abstract: | The introduction of the Value Added Tax (VAT) has been widely perceived as a successful instrument, boosting government revenue and stimulating industrialization. However, in countries that are heavily dependent on exports of natural resources the introduction of the VAT has led on average to lower tax revenues and did not stimulate industrialization. The VAT thus did not help these countries to diversify away from the natural resource sector contrary to its promise. The results indicate a novel channel for the resource curse hinging on the interaction between economic structure and the design of tax systems. |
| Keywords: | natural resource, tax, industrialization, value added tax |
| JEL: | H25 O13 O14 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11967 |
| By: | Eiller Anne Christine (EDF R&D SEQUOIA - EDF R&D - EDF R&D - EDF - EDF); Valérie Lesgards (EDF R&D SEQUOIA - EDF R&D - EDF R&D - EDF - EDF) |
| Keywords: | Communauté énergétique citoyenne, Projets pionniers, Révolution énergétique citoyenne, Gouvernance participative |
| Date: | 2025–02–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05075141 |
| By: | Yves Crozet (LAET - Laboratoire Aménagement Économie Transports - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IEP Lyon - Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon - Université de Lyon) |
| Abstract: | [Extrait] Le Conseil d'analyse économique (CAE) vient de publier, en coopération avec le Conseil franco-allemand des experts économiques, une note de travail sur le transport de marchandises. Un secteur qui, depuis vingt-cinq ans, prend un malin plaisir à s'écarter de sa feuille de route officielle. Le CAE en présente les raisons, lesquelles conduisent à s'interroger : pourra-t-il réussir sa décarbonation ? |
| Keywords: | Décarbonation, Transport de marchandises, Report modal |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05095088 |
| By: | Stender, Frederik; Vogel, Tim |
| Abstract: | Access to critical raw materials (CRMs) is increasingly being shaped by geopolitical dynamics, fuelling a global competition for supply security. This paper applies the gravity model of trade to examine how OECD countries leverage Aid for Trade (AfT), Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), and Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) to influence CRM imports from developing countries. Using extensive bilateral panel data from 1995 to 2023, we find that PTAs are particularly effective, affecting both the intensive and extensive margins of trade. These findings highlight the strategic role of formal trade agreements and suggest that a coordinated policy mix of trade diplomacy, investment, and aid is essential for resilient and diversified CRM supplies. |
| Keywords: | Aid for Trade, Bilateral Investment Treaties, critical raw materials, extensive margin, intensive margin, gravity model, Preferential Trade Agreements |
| JEL: | F13 F14 F15 F21 F35 F53 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:diedps:320560 |
| By: | Kotte, Volker (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg, Germany) |
| Abstract: | "Die ökologische Transformation wird die Arbeits- und Lebensweise grundlegend verändern. Der Umstieg auf nachhaltigen Ressourcenverbrauch geht über die Reduktion klimaschädlicher Treibhausgase hinaus. Die Umstellung des Ressourcenverbrauchs auf das Maß, das auf natürlicher Weise regeneriert werden kann, dürfte historisch an die Bedeutung der Industrialisierung im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert heranreichen. In einer Metastudie werden für Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern die Ergebnisse dreier Ansätze präsentiert, um die Auswirkungen der ökologischen Transformation auf den Arbeitsmarkt zu betrachten. Im ersten Ansatz werden für die ökologische Transformation als bedeutend erachteten Branchen und Berufe analysiert. Im zweiten Ansatz, dem „Greenness of Jobs Index“ (GOJI) geht es um eine Messung umweltfreundlicher und umweltschädlicher Tätigkeiten in den Berufen. Der dritte Ansatz stellt die aus Beschäftigung hervorgehenden CO2-Emissionen und Beschäftigungswachstum in nicht emissionsintensiven Wirtschaftszweigen auf regionaler Ebene gegenüber. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass für die ökologische Transformation relevante Berufe in Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern eine hohe Bedeutung haben. Umweltfreundliche berufliche Anforderungen werden dabei immer wichtiger. Allerdings sind Regionen und Branchen sehr unterschiedlich betroffen. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Energie- und Ressourcenverbrauch sowie Beschäftigung spielt eine bedeutende Rolle." (Autorenreferat, IAB-Doku) |
| Keywords: | Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; Hamburg ; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ; Schleswig-Holstein ; IAB-Open-Access-Publikation ; Dekarbonisierung ; Auswirkungen ; Berufsbeschreibung ; Berufsgruppe ; Berufswandel ; Beschäftigungseffekte ; Beschäftigungsentwicklung ; Emission ; Energiewirtschaft ; IAB-Beschäftigtenhistorik ; Klimaschutz ; nachhaltige Entwicklung ; regenerative Energie ; regionaler Vergleich ; sektorale Verteilung ; Greenness-of-Jobs-Index ; Tätigkeitswandel ; Umweltberufe ; Umweltschutzindustrie ; Verkehrswesen ; 2009-2022 |
| Date: | 2025–05–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iab:iabrno:202501 |