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on Energy Economics |
| By: | Mahdavi, Paasha |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–03–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:globco:qt0wj8009x |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Energy-Energy Demand Energy-Energy Resources Development Energy-Renewable Energy |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41170 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Information and Communication Technologies-ICT Applications Information and Communication Technologies-ICT Policy and Strategies Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40692 |
| By: | Sandström, Christian (Linnaeus University); Stenkula, Mikael (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)) |
| Abstract: | This paper critically evaluates the European Union’s shift towards large-scale green industrial policies. It highlights the risks of government-directed resource allocation, such as inefficiencies, misaligned incentives, rent-seeking, and lobbying. Politicians and bureaucrats at the EU level lack the ability to identify the future industries, products, and technologies for this policy to work effectively. The EU is not designed to operate large top-down interventions successfully. There is a substantial risk that large amounts of resources will be spent on initiatives that ultimately fail. Instead, this paper emphasizes competition- and technological-neutral frameworks, emissions trading systems, and general policy incentives. The paper concludes that a decentralized, market-driven approach is more sustainable for fostering innovation. |
| Keywords: | New industrial policy; Green investments; Innovation policy; Mission-oriented policies |
| JEL: | H50 L52 O38 P16 |
| Date: | 2025–02–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1523 |
| By: | Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) |
| Keywords: | Energy-Energy Conservation & Efficiency |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40866 |
| By: | Maddalena Honorati; Céline Ferré; Tomasz Gajderowicz |
| Keywords: | Energy-Coal and Lignite |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39843 |
| By: | Bucher-Koenen, Tabea; Herforth, Anna-Lena; Kirschenmann, Karolin; Ravanbakhshhabibabadi, Monireh |
| Abstract: | The greening of the European economy will require large amounts of capital to flow into green projects. As the public sector alone will not be able to achieve this, European capital markets and the European banking system will play an important role in financ- ing the green transition. In this policy brief, we provide evidence on the drivers and barriers for private and institutional inves- tors to engage in financing the green transition from two recent projects funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the ZEW Sponsors' Association, respectively. For private investors, increasing (sustainable) financial lit- eracy is crucial to increase the capital market participation of EU households in general and sustainable investments in particu- lar. Furthermore, reliable and accessible information on sustainable financial products is important to facilitate retail investors' decisions to invest in green projects. For institutional investors, engagement and the integration of sustainability as an integral part of investment decisions seem to be the most promising ways to effectively create impact. For securitization to become a more attractive tool for financing the transition, it should be placed on a level regulatory playing field with other financial prod- ucts with similar risks. And while the new disclosure regulations impose high costs, their impact on sustainability remains un- clear. Overall, policymakers should focus on effective climate policies in the real economy and enabling regulatory frameworks for the financial sector. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewpbs:314443 |
| By: | Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) |
| Keywords: | Energy-Renewable Energy Social Protections and Labor-Labor Markets Social Protections and Labor-Skills Development and Labor Force Training |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41077 |
| By: | Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) |
| Keywords: | Energy-Power & Energy Conversion |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39720 |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Angelos Alamanos; Giannis Arampatzidis; Stathis Devves; Jeffrey D Sachs |
| Abstract: | As global commitments to decarbonization intensify, energy-emission models are becoming increasingly vital for policymaking, offering data-driven insights to evaluate the feasibility and impact of climate strategies. These models help governments design evidence-based policies, assess mitigation pathways, and ensure alignment with national and international targets, such as the Paris Agreement and the EU Green Deal. Researchers often spend a lot of time considering their modelling choices to develop the best possible tools in terms of data-requirements, accuracy, computational demand, while there is always a 'debate' of complexity versus explicability and ready-to-use models for policymaking. Especially for energy-emissions models, given their increasing policy-relevance, and the need to provide insights fast for short-term policies (e.g. 2030, or 2050 net-zero goals), such considerations become increasingly pressing. In this paper, we present two different versions of the same energy-emissions model, and we run them for the same study area, planning horizon, and scenario analysis. The two versions differ only in how they approach complexity: Version1 is a more 'detailed', complex model, while Version2 is a 'simpler' and less data-hungry one. A set of evaluation criteria was then used to qualitatively compare these two versions, based on modelling- and policymaking-related considerations, debating modelers' and policymakers' expectations and preferences. We reflect on best modelling practices, discuss different goal-dependent approaches, providing useful guidance for modelers and policymakers. |
| Keywords: | Energy-emissions modelling, Decarbonization pathways, Model development, LEAP, Models to policy. |
| Date: | 2025–03–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2528 |
| By: | VILLANI Davide (European Commission - JRC); GONZALEZ VAZQUEZ Ignacio (European Commission - JRC); FERNANDEZ MACIAS Enrique (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The green transition is set to transform labour markets, yet its impact remains difficult to measure. This paper critically examines the occupational approach—based on task-based measures—which is the most widely used framework among researchers and institutions for estimating green employment. First, we identify theoretical shortcomings in this approach, emphasizing that its reliance on occupational titles leads to false positives by misclassifying non-green jobs as green, while also producing false negatives by excluding key contributors to the green transition. Second, we highlight methodological issues, such as inconsistent categorizations, arbitrary task definitions, outdated classifications, and the flawed assumption that occupational content remains stable across time and countries. Third, we apply the occupational approach using the O*NET framework to quantify green employment in 24 European countries from 2011 to 2022. Our analysis reveals that, according to this method, there has been virtually no net creation of green jobs in Europe. Moreover, we find no meaningful correlation between the presence of green jobs and various aggregate and sectoral environmental indicators. These findings underscore the fundamental limitations of the occupational approach, suggesting that it is an inadequate tool for assessing the labour market effects of the green transition. We discuss how this measure is suitable for policy benchmarking in the context of the European green transition. |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:laedte:202502 |
| By: | Buchner, Martin; Rehm, Miriam |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to understand the health effects of energy poverty in Germany using SOEP panel data from 2010 to 2020. Linear probability models and fixed effects ordered logit models reveal a consistently negative relationship of three expendituresbased energy poverty indicators with general health. The association is stronger for the subjective energy poverty metric: members of households unable to keep the home comfortably warm due to financial reasons have an about 3.23 p.p. lower probability of being in at least satisfactory health. Investigating potential channels shows that mental health is consistently negatively linked to our energy poverty metrics, while physical health is weakly associated with energy poverty in Germany, with the exception of doctor visits. Finally, by instrumenting energy poverty with data on energy price indices and matching energy costs to the heating systems used by households, we show that living in a household that experiences a transition to energy poverty due to rising energy prices is also linked to a lower likelihood of being in good health. |
| Keywords: | energy poverty, health, fixed effects ordered logit models, Germany |
| JEL: | I10 I32 Q41 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifsowp:313638 |
| By: | Marc Jim M. Mariano; George Verikios; Yingying Lu |
| Abstract: | Continued climate change raises concerns on climate-related physical and transition risks. This study focuses on transition risk or the structural change related to decarbonisation. Specifically, we model the structural change associated with net zero emissions (NZE) for Australia along with global action to limit warming to 1.5°C by the end of the century. This scenario is implemented using a two-stage integrated approach that links two computable general equilibrium (CGE) models – one representing the world economy at a broad level and the other representing the Australian economy in greater detail. Results indicate that achieving NZE would contract the global and Australian economy. Global GDP is projected to fall by 5% and Australian GDP by 3.95%. Both globally and in Australia the capital and labour use falls. The NZE pathway is transformative for the energy sector but disruptive to other industries. Electricity generation increases by 1.45% per year as the Australian economy shifts from fossil-fuel-based energy to renewable energy. Economic activity of the non-energy sector contracts due to higher production costs related to the cost of abatement. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the GDP effects are rather sensitive to the speed with which NZE is reached. |
| Keywords: | computable general equilibrium, model Integration, net-zero transition, Australia |
| JEL: | C68 Q43 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2025-18 |
| By: | Ахмет Алишер // Akhmet Alisher (National Bank of Kazakhstan); Мусса Айдынбек // Mussa Aidynbek (National Bank of Kazakhstan) |
| Abstract: | В данном исследовании изучается влияние колебаний мировых цен на нефть на бизнес-циклы Казахстана с использованием векторных моделей авторегрессии (VAR, TVAR) и модели Марковского переключения (MSM). Такой подход позволяет учесть, как линейные, так и нелинейные зависимости, а также асимметрию реакций экономики на изменения цен на нефть в различных экономических циклах. Результаты показывают, что негативные шоки цен на нефть в целом оказывают наиболее выраженное влияние на ВВП Казахстана в кризисные периоды, тогда как положительные шоки остаются статистически незначимыми. Пороговое значение квартальной динамики реальных цен на нефть, выявленное в модели TVAR, составляет -14%, при пересечении которого влияние цен на нефть на ВВП становится значительно более выраженным. Это значение подчеркивает чувствительность экономики Казахстана к крупным шокам на нефтяном рынке. Анализ модели MSM подтвердил наличие высокой вероятности перехода в кризисный режим при значительном снижении нефтяных котировок. Выводы исследования дополняют существующую литературу и предоставляют эмпирическую основу для разработки экономической политики, направленной на повышение устойчивости экономики к волатильности цен на сырьевые товары. // This study examines the impact of global oil price fluctuations on Kazakhstan’s business cycles using vector autoregression models (VAR, TVAR) and the Markovswitching model (MSM). This approach allows for the consideration of both linear and nonlinear relationships, as well as the asymmetry in the economy’s response to oil price changes across different economic cycles. The results indicate that negative oil price shocks exert the most pronounced effect on Kazakhstan’s GDP during crisis periods, whereas positive shocks remain statistically insignificant. The threshold value for the quarterly dynamics of real oil prices, identified in the TVAR model, is -14%, beyond which the impact of oil prices on GDP becomes significantly more pronounced. This finding highlights the Kazakh economy's sensitivity to major oil market shocks. The analysis using the MSM model confirmed a high probability of transitioning into a crisis regime in the event of a substantial decline in oil prices. The study’s conclusions contribute to the existing literature and provide an empirical foundation for the development of economic policies aimed at enhancing the resilience of Kazakhstan’s economy to commodity price volatility. |
| Keywords: | бизнес циклы, ВВП, цены на нефть, асимметрия, VAR, TVAR, Марковское переключение, экономический рост, Казахстан, business cycles, GDP, oil prices, asymmetry, VAR, TVAR, Markovswitching, economic growth, Kazakhstan |
| JEL: | C32 C52 E32 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aob:wpaper:64 |
| By: | Mehdi Farsi; Martin Péclat; Michael Puntiroli; Sylvain Weber |
| Abstract: | Energy cultures, broadly defined as shared beliefs, practices, and material preferences that shape energy-related behaviors, provide a useful framework for investigating consumption differences across population groups. We investigate how households' energy demand behavior differ across the French-German language border in Switzerland. Our empirical strategy focuses on a regression discontinuity design, leveraging the clear separation created by the language border. We distinguish between two types of behavior, one linked to mobility and another to electricity consumption. Our results indicate that electricity consumption is relatively stable across the border. On the other hand, households residing in the French-speaking region show on average a greater usage of own vehicle, measured by annual distance traveled. This difference remain significant across the language border, suggesting that cultural elements could drive meaningful differences in private car travel. While we do not find evidence for energy culture differences in electricity demand, our results point to distinct energy cultures with regards to car usage, therefore in the mobility domain. |
| Keywords: | Energy culture, Household energy demand, Electricity usage, Mobility, Correlated random effects, Regression discontinuity design |
| JEL: | C24 R23 R41 Q40 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:irn:wpaper:25-01 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Energy-Energy Resources Development Environment-Environment and Energy Efficiency |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40817 |
| By: | Dominique Njinkeu; Calvin Djiofack; Defne Gencer; Lulit Mitik Beyene; Mosuru Olukayode Alli |
| Keywords: | Energy-Energy Policies & Economics |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40802 |
| By: | De Melo, Jaime; Solleder, Jean-Marc |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the likely effects of tariff reductions under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. It proceeds in three steps, with all estimates relying on the most recent, i.e. 2015, disaggregated data on emissions intensities. First, we show that, across African countries, CO2 intensities are higher in the more protected sectors, so that, at unchanged emission intensities, tariff elimination on intra-African trade during AfCFTA should favour CO2 intensive activities. Second, for the EAC and ECOWAS, the two RECs for which AfCFTA-compliant tariff reduction schedules are available, we estimate that removing tariffs on goods in the tariff elimination list would reduce progressively the carbon intensity of trade for these goods. The estimates suggest that an increase of 1% of the emission intensity is associated with a decrease of about 0.09% of the MFN tariff. Third, to see which effect will dominate, we estimate partial equilibrium effects of full tariff elimination under AfCFTA and find that intra-African trade would increase by 32% and emissions embedded in trade by 24%, implying a CO2 elasticity to trade of 0.74, thus, reducing the CO2 emission intensity of Intra-African trade. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aer:wpaper:77a7d84a-0c8e-4b20-b1c1-a89ee8d596c8 |
| By: | Ulrike Lehr |
| Keywords: | Energy-Electric Power Energy-Rural Energy |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40629 |
| By: | Michael G Pollitt |
| Keywords: | Scale, scope, governance, net zero, decentralisation |
| JEL: | L94 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2504 |
| By: | World Bank Group |
| Keywords: | Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Energy-Energy and Environment Energy-Renewable Energy |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41114 |
| By: | Stefano Maria Corbellini |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the monetary policy trade-off between defending purchasing power of consumers and keeping moderate debt cost for borrowers, in the framework of a heterogeneous agent New Keynesian open economy hit by a foreign energy price shock. Raising the interest rate indeed combats the loss in purchasing power due to the energy shock through a real exchange rate appreciation: however, this comes at the expense of higher interest payments for debtors. The trade-off can be resolved by adopting a milder interest rate policy during the crisis in exchange for a prolonged contraction beyond the energy shock time span. This interest rate smoothing approach allows to still experience a real appreciation today, while spreading the impact on debt costs more evenly over time. This policy counterfactual is analyzed in a quantitative model of the UK economy under the 2022-2023 energy price hike, where the loss of consumers’ purchasing power and the vulnerability of mortgage costs to higher policy rates have been elements of paramount empirical relevance. |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ube:dpvwib:dp2502 |
| By: | Alan Mckinnon |
| Keywords: | Urban Development-Transport in Urban Areas Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases Environment-Environment and Energy Efficiency |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40530 |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Angelos Alamanos; Giannis Arampatzidis; Stathis Devves; Jeffrey D Sachs |
| Abstract: | Achieving climate-neutrality is a global imperative that demands coordinated efforts from both science and robust policies supporting a smooth transition across multiple sectors. However, the interdisciplinary and complex science-to-policy nature of this effort makes it particularly challenging for several countries. Greece has set ambitious goals across different policies; however, their progress is often debated. For the first time, we simulated a scenario representing Greece's climate-neutrality goals drawing upon its main relevant energy, agricultural and water policies, and compared it with a 'current accounts' scenario by 2050. The results indicate that most individual policies have the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions across all sectors of the economy (residential, industrial, transportation, services, agriculture, and energy production). However, their implementation seems to be based on economic and governance assumptions that often overlook sectoral interdependencies, infrastructure constraints, and social aspects, hindering progress towards a unified and more holistic sustainable transition. |
| Keywords: | Climate Neutrality, Energy-emissions modelling, LEAP, FABLE Calculator, MaritimeGCH, WaterReqGCH, Decarbonization, Greece |
| Date: | 2025–03–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2527 |
| By: | Céline Ferré; Nermin Oruc; Kevwe Pela; Elizabeth Ruppert Bulmer |
| Keywords: | Social Protections and Labor-Employment and Unemployment Energy-Coal and Lignite Energy-Renewable Energy |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41108 |
| By: | Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) |
| Keywords: | Energy-Energy Resources Development Energy-Energy and Environment |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40848 |
| By: | Energy Sector Management Assistance Program |
| Keywords: | Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39863 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Environment-Climate Change Impacts Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases Finance and Financial Sector Development-Insurance & Risk Mitigation International Economics and Trade-Trade Finance and Investment Finance and Financial Sector Development International Economics and Trade-Trade Policy |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:42414 |
| By: | Diaf, Sami; Zakane, Ahmed |
| Abstract: | Gauging the impact of oil price variations on small, oil-exporting countries has been heavily investigated under the umbrella of monetary policy interventions, using a standard general equilibrium framework. For some countries, the monetary policy coordinates with fiscal policy to deliver a better response to external oil shocks in an attempt to make the economic activity resilient to external backlash. This paper investigates the policy mix effectiveness in a small open economy, namely Algeria, and its ability to mitigate a negative oil price shock, using a DSGE model that maps several frictions found in single-commodity economies as for a managed exchange rate regime, the existence of a foreign exchange market accessible to households and a sovereign wealth fund. Simulations show countercyclical fiscal measures (increase in government spending) coupled with monetary interventions have no expansionary effects on output, but still necessary to maintain a resilient economic activity especially for the non-oil sector. Under the sticky prices assumption, households tend to lower their investment and consumptions levels, in addition of using their foreign currency savings as buffer. This results in alleviating potential pressures on the supply side and preventing possible inflation spikes. Findings confirm the effectiveness of a monetary policy based on targeting export products, to better handle the negative terms of trade shock via a slight exchange rate depreciation. However, the fiscal dominance in the policy-mix leads to the accumulation of public debt, which might require fiscal consolidation during protracted periods of declining oil prices. |
| Keywords: | monetary policy; fiscal policy; exchange rate; oil prices; external shock |
| JEL: | E31 E52 E63 F31 F41 H54 H63 Q35 Q38 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpm:dynare:083 |
| By: | Nweke-Eze, Chigozie |
| Abstract: | Afrika steht an einem Scheideweg in seiner zukünftigen Entwicklung, die maßgeblich von der Energiewende beeinflusst wird. Vor diesem Hintergrund setzen viele afrikanische Länder, darunter auch Kenia, verstärkt auf Großprojekte im Bereich erneuerbarer Energien. Doch mit zunehmender Größe und Anzahl dieser Projekte auf dem gesamten Kontinent mehren sich die Bedenken hinsichtlich Gerechtigkeit im Energiesektor, kollidierender Interessen und der Unzufriedenheit betroffener Akteure. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Interessenskonflikte, die sich mit dem Ausbau der Geothermieanlagen in Olkaria bei Naivasha entwickelt haben. Hauptantriebsfeder hinter diesen Projekten ist die Vision der kenianischen Regierung, Wirtschaftswachstum und Klimaschutz gleichermaßen zu fördern. Dabei werden jedoch die Interessen und Erwartungen der lokalen Gemeinschaften vernachlässigt, was ihre sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Existenzgrundlagen erheblich beeinträchtigt. Ohne angemessene Lösungen könnten diese Interessenskonflikte in gewaltsame Auseinandersetzungen umschlagen. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:sefggs:314450 |
| By: | Angella Montfaucon; Csilla Lakatos; Bayu Agnimaruto |
| Keywords: | International Economics and Trade-Trade and Environment Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41156 |
| By: | Richard Bullock; Martha Lawrence; Joanna Moody |
| Keywords: | Urban Development-Transport in Urban Areas Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases Energy-Fuels |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40529 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Energy-Energy and Mining Environment-Environmental Strategy |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41071 |
| By: | Energy Sector Management Assistance Program |
| Keywords: | Energy-Energy Resources Development Energy-Solar Energy Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40790 |
| By: | Imen Ghattassi (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord); David Dosso (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord); Francisco Serranito (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This paper addresses climate change by examining the determinants of international climate finance. In response to the effects and potential damages of climate change, countries and international institutions are increasingly making efforts to mitigate its impacts. While financial assistance are being increasingly mobilized to help countries confront this threat, many nations remain underprepared for the effects of climate change and are at risk of experiencing significant economic and social damage due to climate-related events. This paper focuses on the allocation of international climate finance, exploring the extent to which countries are supported in their climate change adaptation efforts, particularly with regard to more vulnerable nations. By employing a Gravity Panel Model that includes 140 recipient and 30 provider countries over the period 2000-2021, this paper shows that vulnerable countries to climate change are not likely to receive climate finance in the form of either grants or loans. Political ties and economic interests appear to play a significant role in the allocation of international climate finance. |
| Keywords: | international climate finance, climate vulnerability, gravity panel model |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cepnwp:hal-04984013 |
| By: | Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) |
| Keywords: | Energy-Energy and Environment Energy-Renewable Energy Social Protections and Labor-Labor Markets |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40962 |
| By: | Keuschnigg, Christian; Stalenis, Giedrius Kazimieras |
| Abstract: | We study a small open economy that must implement an emissions reduction plan and eventually phase out fossil fuel. R&D leads to the design of energy saving new machines. Endogenous scrapping eliminates old inefficient machines. We identify two distortions that delay the adoption and diffusion of energy saving technology: scrapping of old equipment and investment in new machines are both too low. The optimal policy to manage the energy transition thus combines a carbon tax with a profit tax to speed up exit, and an investment subsidy to speed up investment in new equipment. The optimal policy increases capital turnover, the diffusion of energy saving technology, and thereby mitigates the costs of the energy transition. Compared to a policy that exclusively relies on carbon taxes, the optimal policy could reduce the GDP loss of moving to net zero from 7.8 to 6.1% of GDP. |
| Keywords: | Energy saving innovation, vintage capital, emissions reduction |
| JEL: | D21 D62 H23 O33 Q41 Q43 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:usg:econwp:2025:03 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Finance and Financial Sector Development-Concessional Finance and Global Partnerships Energy-Energy Markets Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40353 |
| By: | M. Amadio; A.P. Behrer; L. Bosch; H.K. Kaila; N. Krishnan; G. Molinario |
| Keywords: | Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Environment-Air Quality & Clean Air Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases Environment-Environmental Disasters & Degradation |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40597 |
| By: | Tingley, Dustin |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2025–03–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:globco:qt5jd1k428 |
| By: | Saher Asad; Lauren N. Dahlin; Juan D. Barón |
| Keywords: | Environment-Natural Disasters Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40698 |
| By: | Vasily Astrov (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw); Doris Hanzl-Weiss (The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw) |
| Abstract: | Despite the formal absence of sanctions, gas trade between Russia and the EU has effectively collapsed over the past three and a half years. This has been the outcome of several factors the EU strategy of reducing dependence on Russian gas, Russia’s own supply cuts, physical damage to the crucial pipeline infrastructure and Ukraine’s reluctance to prolong the gas transit contract. The resulting shock of reduced Russian supplies has primarily been absorbed via energy savings, while gas imports from other countries have increased only insignificantly. The case studies of three Central European EU member states Slovakia, Czechia and Hungary – which had all been highly dependent on Russian gas before the start of the war in Ukraine but have adopted very different diversification strategies over the past few years – suggest that the negative effects from reduced Russian supplies could be minimised through the precautionary measures taken and also because of the interconnected nature of these countries’ gas networks with those of other EU countries. Of the four main pipelines that used to bring Russian gas to Europe before the war, only TurkStream remains in operation, although its future is also potentially uncertain. Against this background, European countries would be well advised to expand their gas storage capacities in order to cushion themselves from any future supply shocks and reduce dependence on short-term price fluctuations. |
| Keywords: | gas dependency, energy consumption, gas storage |
| JEL: | Q4 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:pnotes:pn:91 |
| By: | International Telecommunication Union; World Bank |
| Keywords: | Information and Communication Technologies-ICT Economics Information and Communication Technologies-ICT Policy and Strategies Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40696 |
| By: | International Finance Corporation |
| Keywords: | Finance and Financial Sector Development-Access to Finance Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41194 |
| By: | Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) |
| Keywords: | Urban Development-Transport in Urban Areas Energy-Electric Power |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39853 |
| By: | ALOISI Antonio |
| Abstract: | The green and digital transitions are increasingly described as the ‘twin transition’ in EU policy documents, social partners’ strategic plans and academic debates. However, the exact meaning of this term remains ambiguous, and the interconnections between these transitions are largely unexplored. This paper aims to clarify the motivations and pitfalls behind their ‘twinning’ and assess where and how their convergence might be successful. It considers the socioeconomic risks, policy trade-offs and implications for the future of work. The analysis covers major EU employment and social policy developments concerning workers’ environmental and digital rights, as enshrined in legislation that presents a ‘mix’ between two distinct legal areas. A key finding is that the transitions are often treated as separate rather than integrated phenomena, with limited direct spillovers. However, despite shifts in institutional agendas and inconsistencies in understanding, the underlying priorities remain deeply entrenched. This paper identifies regulatory gaps and rigidities that maintain outdated, inflexible and hierarchical organisational paradigms, which are ill-suited to the demands of the twin transitions. It also calls for regenerating labour regulation to foster positive interactions and modernisation of work practices. The proposed normative changes should promote worker-oriented flexibility, universal labour protection and worker participation in technological and green initiatives, paving the way for more sustainable working arrangements. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:laedte:202501 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Urban Development-Transport in Urban Areas Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40483 |
| By: | Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) |
| Keywords: | Energy-Electric Power Energy-Solar Energy Rural Development-Rural Labor Markets |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40954 |
| By: | Wu, Qiang; Zhou, Peng (Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University) |
| Abstract: | Artificial intelligence (AI) is crucial in achieving the carbon peak and neutrality goals and mitigating climate change. Although previous studies have explored cross-sectional differences in corporate carbon emissions, temporal heterogeneities in firm lifecycles have been overlooked. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of AI adoption on carbon emission intensity over firm lifecycles and the micro-level mechanisms of this effect. This study examines panel data from Chinese listed companies (2010–2021) using a two-way fixed-effects model and the difference-in-differences method. The empirical results demonstrate that AI significantly reduces enterprises’ carbon emission intensity. However, this effect is mainly observed in growth-stage enterprises and not in decline-stage enterprises. The mechanism analysis reveals that AI primarily reduces enterprises’ carbon emission intensity by improving productivity and promoting innovation. The effect on productivity is particularly evident in growth-stage enterprises, whereas the effect on innovation is dominant in decline-stage enterprises. Heterogeneity tests indicate that the effect on state-owned enterprises, medium-sized enterprises, the manufacturing sector, heavily polluting industries, non-high-tech industries, and capital-intensive industries is more pronounced than that on other enterprises. These findings suggest that enterprises should actively adopt AI, and differentiated AI adoption strategies should be formulated based on the needs of enterprises at different lifecycle stages. |
| Keywords: | artificial intelligence; carbon emission intensity; firm lifecycle; productivity |
| JEL: | O31 O32 O33 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdf:wpaper:2025/9 |
| By: | Claudia Vasquez Suarez; Roberto Estevez; Arcenio Torres |
| Keywords: | Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Urban Development-Transport in Urban Areas |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40827 |
| By: | Schlogl, Lukas; Pfaffenbichler, David; Raza, Werner |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the intersection of export finance and climate policy with a focus on Austria and relevant peers. It addresses the role of Austria's export credit system in facilitating the global transition to a net-zero economy. Specifically, it examines how Austria's official export financing policy aligns with the goals of the Paris Agreement and explores ways to reform it towards promoting a more sustainable and climate-neutral portfolio. Public export promotion policies and so-called export credit agencies (ECAs) have a significant potential to leverage change: They are based on powerful financial instruments that provide government-backed loans, guarantees, and insurance for international trade. Their influence extends globally as they reduce the risk of international business transactions and encourage economic activities abroad. However, these financial institutions have traditionally supported carbon-intensive projects, such as those in the fossil fuel sector, significantly contributing to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Given the urgency of the climate crisis, as highlighted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), there is increasing global pressure on governments and ECAs to align their activities with the Paris Agreement. This alignment is essential for limiting dangerous global warming to 1.5êC, as outlined by the International Energy Agency (IEA), which asserts that new fossil fuel projects must be avoided to meet these targets. Austria, like many other countries, is at a critical juncture where its export credit policies must pivot quickly and decisively towards climate sustainability. Austria's export credit portfolio, while relatively small compared to international peers, still contains exposure to fossil fuel projects. Between 2019 and 2023, new commitments to fossil fuel projects amounted to EUR 325 million, with Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Canada being major recipients. Despite a growing commitment to green finance, the scale and persistence of these carbon-intensive projects pose a challenge to Austria's Paris-alignment ambitions. The study critiques Austria's lag in adopting an overarching net-zero strategy for its export credit system. In response to an EU Council Conclusion from March 2022, Austria devised a Sustainability Strategy of the Export Promotion Procedure in 2023. Though a welcome step, the strategy shows serious deficiencies: Austria embarks on one of the slowest phase-out trajectories among comparable EU peers and allows one of the most wide-ranging sets of fossil exemptions. The current strategy does not define a time-bound road map for achieving a climate neutral portfolio and thus fails to ensure alignment with the Paris Agreement. Austria's approach also includes green finance initiatives like "Exportinvest Green Energy", which offers favourable financial conditions for renewable energy projects. However, a comprehensive approach towards achieving net-zero for the vast majority of its export promotion portfolio is currently missing. This lack of coherence is also evident in the lack of a speedy and science-based roadmap required to phase out high-GHG guarantees fully. Austria's approach is contrasted with other EU countries such as Germany and Sweden, which have adopted more ambitious export credit strategies aligned with climate goals. For instance, Germany's "Climate Policy Sector Guidelines for Export Credit Guarantees" categorize projects into green, white, and red categories based on their contributions to or hindrance of climate goals. Sweden has embraced the "Fossil Free Sweden" initiative, focusing on making the country a leader in fossil-free systems and promoting the export of sustainable technologies. More importantly, both these peers have adopted methods and frameworks for assessing the GHG footprint of projects and for bringing their portfolios progressively more in line with the Paris Agreement. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:oefser:313623 |
| By: | Nelli, Linnea; Virgillito, Maria Enrica; Vivarelli, Marco |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to understand whether what has been labelled as “twin transition”, at first as a policy flagship, endogenously emerges as a new technological trajectory stemming by the convergence of the green and digital technologies. Embracing an evolutionary approach to technology, we first identify the set of relevant technologies defined as “green”, analyse their evolution in terms of dominant blocks within the green technologies and concurrences with digital technologies, drawing on 560, 720 granted patents by the US Patent Office from 1976 to 2024. Three dominant blocks emerge as relevant in defining the direction of innovative efforts, namely energy, transport and production processes. We assess the technological concentration and underlying complexity of the dominant blocks and construct counterfactual scenarios. We hardly find evidence of patterns of actual endogenous convergence of green and digital technologies in the period under analysis. On the whole, for the time being, the “twin transition” appears to be just a policy flagship, rather than an actual endogenous technological trajectory driving structural change. |
| JEL: | O33 O38 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025–03–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2025008 |
| By: | Bianca Bianchi Alves; Lama Bou Mjahed; Joanna Moody |
| Keywords: | Urban Development-Transport in Urban Areas Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40373 |
| By: | Emmanuel Asane-Otoo (University of Oldenburg, Department of Economics); Bernhard C. Dannemann (University of Oldenburg, Department of Economics); Thies Reisemann (University of Oldenburg, Department of Economics) |
| Keywords: | Electric Vehicles, Charging Infrastructure, Amenities, GeographicData, Population Density, Road Networks |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:old:dpaper:450 |
| By: | International Finance Corporation |
| Keywords: | Private Sector Development-Private Sector Economics Agriculture-Agribusiness Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Investment and Investment Climate Environment-Environment and Energy Efficiency |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41198 |
| By: | Luca Benati |
| Abstract: | I use Bayesian VARs with stochastic volatility to forecast global temperatures and sea level and ice cover in the Northern hemisphere until 2100, by exploiting (i) their long-run equilibrium relationship with climate change drivers (CCDs) and (ii) the relationship between world GDP and anthropogenic CCDs. Assuming that trend GDP growth will remain unchanged after 2024, and the world economy will fully decarbonize by 2050, global temperatures and sea level are projected to increase by 2.3 Celsius degrees and 38 centimeters respectively compared to pre-industrial times. Further, uncertainty is substantial, pointing to significant upward risks. Because of this, bringing climate change under control will require massive programme of carbon removal from the atmosphere, in order to bring anthropogenic CCDs back to the levels of the end of the XX century. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change; Bayesian VARs; stochastic volatility; cointegration; forecasting; conditional forecasts |
| JEL: | E2 E3 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ube:dpvwib:dp2503 |
| By: | Valeria Jimenez; Ryan Woodgate |
| Abstract: | Despite the scientific consensus on the need to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050 as a key environmental goal, there is little consensus among economists on the best pathway to achieve this crucial goal. Particularly contentious is what achieving net zero in time implies for the growth rate of the global economy. In the search for a post-Keynesian answer, we first review the related literature showing the divide between degrowth/post-growth authors, who argue that net zero implies a need for negative or zero growth, and Keynesian green growth advocates, who argue that positive growth rates are required. Motivated by these controversies, we develop a simple Sraffian supermultiplier model of the global economy, where GHG emissions depend on the stock of capital in production and absorption depends on the stock of natural capital, from which we can formally demonstrate that the goal of net-zero GHG emissions implies a constraint on the growth rate of the global economy. Crucially, this “balance-of-emissions constraint” on growth depends on a number of key parameters that are influenced by public policy, such as the share of public spending on natural capital, the share of investment in low-emission production capital, and the parameters that enter the supermultiplier, which determine the size of the rebound effect. From this, we model different pathways to net zero and argue for an interventionist policy mix, which we show brings about net zero emissions much more rapidly than any laissez-faire alternative scenario, even one with utmost optimism about future green technology. |
| Keywords: | Degrowth, post-growth, green growth, net zero, structural change |
| JEL: | E12 O44 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pke:wpaper:pkwp2507 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Energy-Energy Demand Energy-Energy Markets Energy-Energy Production and Transportation Energy-Energy Resources Development |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41134 |
| By: | Ferid Belhaj |
| Abstract: | Geopolitical tensions and competing interests define the Eastern Mediterranean's energy landscape. Vast natural gas reserves offer economic potential, but overlapping maritime claims and ongoing conflicts—particularly the Israel-Lebanon war and the Gaza conflict—threaten existing agreements and future projects. The European Union’s efforts to reduce dependence on Russian gas initially positioned the region as a key supplier, but escalating instability now puts these ambitions at risk. Key factors include the impact of conflicts on gas exploration and exports, the roles of Turkey, Egypt, and Qatar, the influence of global powers and multinational corporations, and the uncertain prospects for regional energy cooperation. |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb011_25 |
| By: | Phương, Lã Việt; Hoàng, Nguyễn Minh |
| Abstract: | Một trong những thách thức lớn, mà thị trường carbon phải đối mặt là sự tồn tại của nhiều tiêu chuẩn và đôi khi xung đột với nhau. (Tạp chí Kinh tế & Dự báo; ngày 2-10-2023) |
| Date: | 2023–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:j82kf_v1 |
| By: | Hönow, Nils Christian; Karki, Kiran; Burger, Maximilian N. |
| Abstract: | In July 2021, severe floods devastated parts of Germany, causing numerous casualties and extensive damage to property and infrastructure. As climate change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of such extreme weather events, understanding their social implications is crucial. Using data from three nationwide surveys, we examine the impact of the 2021 flood on environmental attitudes, pro-environmental behaviors, and the support for climate-related policies across a wide range of indicators. Results reveal no statistically significant effects, regardless of the estimation methods or measures of flood exposure used. We additionally investigate the flood's effect on prosociality, assessed through measures such as past charitable donations and incentivized decisions in a dictator game. Similarly, we find only limited variation in prosociality, but with impacts differing based on whether respondents in affected areas also sustained damage to their households. These findings challenge the expectation that direct exposure to natural disasters increases environmental awareness and prosocial behavior. |
| Abstract: | Im Juli 2021 verwüsteten schwere Überschwemmungen Teile Deutschlands, führten zu zahlreichen Todesopfern und verursachten erhebliche Schäden an Eigentum und Infrastruktur. Da der Klimawandel voraussichtlich die Häufigkeit und Intensität solcher extremen Wetterereignisse erhöhen wird, ist es wichtig, ihre gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen zu verstehen. Anhand von Daten aus drei landesweiten Umfragen untersuchen wir die Auswirkungen der Flut von 2021 auf Umweltbewusstsein, umweltfreundliches Verhalten und die Unterstützung klimabezogener Politiken anhand einer Vielzahl von Indikatoren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen keine statistisch signifikanten Effekte - unabhängig von den verwendeten Schätzmethoden oder den Messgrößen zur Hochwasserexposition. Darüber hinaus analysieren wir den Einfluss der Flut auf prosoziales Verhalten, gemessen anhand von Spendenaktivitäten sowie Entscheidungen in einem experimentellen "Dictator Game". Auch hier zeigen sich nur geringe Unterschiede im prosozialen Verhalten, wobei die Auswirkungen davon abhängen, ob Befragte in den betroffenen Gebieten auch Schäden an ihrem Haushalt erlitten haben. Diese Ergebnisse stellen die Annahme in Frage, dass das direkte Erleben von Naturkatastrophen Umweltbewusstsein und prosoziales Verhalten erhöht. |
| Keywords: | Natural disaster, flood, environmental awareness, environmental attitudes, environmental behavior, climate policy, prosociality |
| JEL: | D64 D91 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:314410 |
| By: | David Newbery |
| Keywords: | Variable renewable electricity, marginal curtailment, average curtailment, levelised cost of electricity, VRE support design |
| JEL: | L94 Q42 Q48 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2503 |
| By: | Pablo Garcia Sanchez (Banque centrale du Luxembourg, Departement Economie et Recherche); Olivier Pierrard (Banque centrale du Luxembourg, epartement Economie et Recherche) |
| Abstract: | While a sustained contraction of global production could lower total carbon emissions, it would hamper economic development in poorer countries, reduce living standards for low-income households in advanced economies, and heighten the risk of social unrest. Therefore, reducing carbon intensity - emissions per unit of output - appears to be the most viable and sustainable path forward. We make two contributions: one empirical and one theoretical We make two contributions: one empirical and one theoretical. Empirically, we show that the transport equation, a basic partial differential equation from physics, captures well the evolution of the distribution of carbon intensities across major economies since 1995. Theoretically, we show that in an extended Solow model with abatement capital, the distribution of carbon intensity across a continuum of economies follows the dynamics described by the transport equation. Moreover, this theory-backed version remains empirically plausible under standard parameter values. In addition, unlike its empirical counterpart, it enables projections of emissions and temperature increases under various policy scenarios, aligning closely with forecasts by leading institutions. |
| Keywords: | Carbon intensity; Transport equation; Solow model |
| JEL: | O44 Q50 |
| Date: | 2025–03–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctl:louvir:2025006 |
| By: | Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) |
| Keywords: | Energy-Energy Resources Development Energy-Energy and Natural Resources Energy-Renewable Energy |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40922 |
| By: | Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) |
| Keywords: | Energy-Rural Energy Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Rural Development-Rural Labor Markets |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40950 |
| By: | Yves Jégourel |
| Abstract: | Fidèles à leur histoire jalonnée de crises et d’envolées spectaculaires, les marchés mondiaux de matières premières ont connu des développements contrastés en 2024. L’or, le cuivre, le café ou le cacao ont ainsi atteint des sommets historiques, tandis que le pétrole, le nickel ou le blé ont, parmi tant d’autres produits de base, accusé des baisses d’ampleur variée. Entre une scène géopolitique sous tension en raison de l’aggravation du conflit au Moyen-Orient et de la persistance de la guerre en Ukraine et une macroéconomie décevante, les cours des matières premières se sont une nouvelle fois fait l’écho de l’instabilité de notre monde. Si l’exercice prédictif demeure toujours périlleux et qu’une grande prudence s’impose quant à l’évolution de leurs cours, les marchés mondiaux devraient à nouveau connaître en 2025 une importante volatilité sans réelle tendance haussière ou baissière, dans un contexte de fortes incertitudes économiques et politiques marqué par l’ère Trump. L’année 2024 fut placée sous le signe d’un apparent paradoxe : l’enregistrement de cours records pour certains produits de base et d’importants replis pour d’autres. Avec une croissance économique estimée à 3, 2 % à l’échelle mondiale selon le Fonds monétaire international (IMF, 2025) et à « seulement », 4, 8 % pour la Chine, les fondamentaux macroéconomiques qui portent traditionnellement la demande des matières premières industrielles – de l’énergie aux métaux de base – n’ont guère été au rendez-vous. Il était en cela logique que les marchés évoluent en ordre dispersé, sous l’effet de facteurs méso-économiques, météorologiques et géopolitiques. |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb010_25 |
| By: | World Bank; ITU |
| Keywords: | Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases Information and Communication Technologies-ICT Policy and Strategies |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41238 |
| By: | Anne Olivier; Mikhail Matytsin; Defne Gencer |
| Keywords: | Energy-Energy and Poverty Alleviation Energy-Energy Finance |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40449 |
| By: | Anit Mukherjee; Yuko Okamura; Ugo Gentilini; Defne Gencer; Mohamed Almenfi; Adea Kryeziu; Miriam Montenegro; Nithin Umapathi |
| Keywords: | Energy-Energy Finance Energy-Energy Policies & Economics Energy-Energy Sector Regulation |
| Date: | 2023–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:39948 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Economic Growth Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Economic Forecasting Energy-Energy and Economic Development |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40882 |
| By: | World Bank |
| Keywords: | Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases Energy-Energy Production and Transportation |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41017 |
| By: | Guido Ascari; Andrea Colciago; Timo Haber; Stefan Wöhrmüller |
| Abstract: | The EU aims for 42.5% green energy consumption by 2030. What are the effects of the European green transition on inequality? We answer this question using a heterogeneous-agent model with non-homothetic preferences for energy and non-energy goods, calibrated to European data. We study the impact of an increase in carbon taxes designed to meet the EU target under different revenue-recycling strategies. Redistributing tax revenues via uniform transfers reduces consumption inequality, shifts the welfare burden to high-income households, but leads to significant output losses. Subsidizing green energy producers boosts energy production, reduces output losses, and requires a smaller carbon tax to meet the EU target. However, it increases consumption and income inequality, with the highest welfare costs borne by low-income and asset-poor households. Our findings highlight key trade-offs between equity and efficiency in green transition policies. |
| Keywords: | Green Transition; Inequality; Carbon Pricing |
| JEL: | Q43 Q52 E6 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dnb:dnbwpp:830 |
| By: | Fabien Giauque; Mehdi Farsi; Sylvain Weber; Michael Puntiroli |
| Abstract: | Using a discrete choice experiment (DCE), we analyze how social comparisons and financial information influence households' preferences and trade-offs among three sustainable electricity demand behaviors: conservation actions, efficiency investments, and purchasing a green power mix. Our results show that while a strong majority favors sustainable behaviors over inaction, both interventions significantly increase the likelihood of choosing inaction. Heterogeneity analyses reveal that this negative effect is driven by households with above-average consumption. Furthermore, our findings highlight conflicting motivational mechanisms, suggesting that financial information within normative messages may crowd out intrinsic motivation. |
| Keywords: | Electricity-saving behaviors, households' preferences, social comparisons, financial information; discrete choice experiment, mixed logit (MXL) model, crowding out effect |
| JEL: | D12 D91 Q48 |
| Date: | 2025–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:irn:wpaper:25-02 |
| By: | Vasily Astrov; Lisa Scheckenhofer; Camille Semelet; Feodora Teti |
| Abstract: | In 2023, Russia experienced a 3.5% economic growth, but forecasts for 2024 indicate a slowdown to 1.5% due to tightened monetary policies and the expected global economic slowdown. Despite large military spending and Western energy sanctions eroding budget revenues, fiscal deficits have been generally kept under control. Intensified scrutiny of third-country firms violating energy sanctions widened discounts on Russian oil prices in late 2023. Generally, Russian import patterns remained relatively stable. In particular, EU exports of economically critical and common high priority goods to Russia in November 2023 represent just 2% of its pre-war levels, underscoring the effectiveness of sanctions in halting direct exports. Besides China and Hong Kong, Türkiye and CIS countries became vital suppliers, meeting Russia's demand for economically critical goods and high-priority items. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:econpr:_47 |
| By: | Oschmann, Sebastian |
| Abstract: | This article examines the price effects of gasoline stations following a retail merger in 2022. Using detailed station-level price data from 2020 to 2024, the analysis shows that fuel prices increase at both merging stations and their competitors, but with regional differences. These regional differences cannot be explained by horizontal merger effects. Instead, changes in the vertical market structure play a key role. The divestment of the station network disrupts supply chains, creating demand pressure on local refineries. The findings highlight the importance of vertical relationships in merger assessments. |
| Keywords: | Gasoline Retail Markets, Ex-Post Merger Evaluation, Competition |
| JEL: | D22 K21 L13 L41 L81 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:dicedp:314431 |
| By: | Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) |
| Keywords: | Energy-Renewable Energy Energy-Energy Resources Development |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40470 |