nep-ene New Economics Papers
on Energy Economics
Issue of 2025–03–31
83 papers chosen by
Roger Fouquet, National University of Singapore
  1. Greenhouse Gases Resulting from Grid-Connected Electricity Demand: Three Pillars and Scope Two By Karl Dunkle Werner; Arik Levinson
  2. Total Carbon Pricing for Energy Consumption By Paolo Agnolucci; Defne Gencer; Dirk Heine
  3. The Changing Wealth of Nations By World Bank
  4. Creating a Green Marine Fuel Market in South Africa By Rico Salgmann; Maximilian Weidenhammer; Dominik Englert
  5. Financial Inclusion and Electricity Consumption: A Cross-Country Study of Upper-Middle and Lower-Middle Income Countries By Rajesh Barik; Parthajit Kayal
  6. Jobs Generated by the Kosovo Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Project - Job Creation Potential of the Clean Energy Transition By Zuzana Dobrotková; Anna Aghababyan; Anders Pedersen; Sheoli Pargal
  7. Quantifying the Economic Costs of Climate Change Inaction for Asia and the Pacific By Campagnolo , Lorenza; Mansi , Gabriele; Bosello, Francesco; Raitzer , David
  8. Jobs generated by the Kosovo Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Project By Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP)
  9. Exploring Opportunities for Women’s Empowerment in the Energy Sector in Central Asia By World Bank
  10. Scaling Up Global Partnerships By World Bank; AFD
  11. Firm-Level Effects of Energy Price Increases By Juergen Amann; Defne Gencer; Dirk Heine
  12. Mobilizing Carbon Finance to Meet the Socioeconomic Costs of Reforming Energy Tariffs and Subsidies in Uzbekistan By Maksudjon Safarov; Jason James Smith
  13. Power of Flexibility By Bente Brunes; Atle Harby; Elin Hallgrimsdottir
  14. Energie zwischen Markt und Geopolitik: Der Fall LNG. Herausforderungen für die EU und Deutschland seit Russlands Krieg in der Ukraine By Pepe, Jacopo Maria
  15. Benefit Sharing in World Bank Operations - Prioritizing Development for Local Communities By World Bank
  16. Rethinking administrative documents' validity to cutoff greenhouse gas emissions by million tons By Moustafa, Khaled
  17. Women's Employment in Renewable Energy In The East Asia And Pacific Region By World Bank
  18. Empowering Small Island Developing States By ESMAP
  19. A Carbon Market Guidebook for Kenyan Enterprises By World Bank; Kenya Private Sector Alliance
  20. How to Unlock Pipelines of Bankable Renewable Energy Projects in Emerging Markets and Developing Countries? By ESMAP
  21. From Sun to Roof to Grid - The Economics and Policy of Distributed PV By Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP)
  22. Employment Impacts of Clean Energy Investments in Emerging Economies By Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP)
  23. Air Quality Assessment for Tashkent and the Roadmap for Air Quality Management Improvement in Uzbekistan By World Bank
  24. Framework for Implementing Green Growth in Bangladesh By World Bank
  25. Circular Business Model for Vanadium Use in Energy Storage By World Bank
  26. Pakistan Energy Survey - Insights into the True Energy Access Situation in Pakistan Based on the Multi-Tier Framework By Hyun Jin Choi; Saadia Qayyum; Bryan Bonsuk Koo
  27. Green Economic Growth in Indonesia By Indira Hapsari; Ahya Ihsan; Anthony Obeyesekere; Dwi Endah Abriningrum; Muhammad Khudadad Chattha
  28. Concessional Financing for an Affordable Power Sector Transition By Rafael de Sa Ferreira; Javier Gustavo Inon; Patrick Dougherty; Tom Remy
  29. Providing Better Price Signals Through Fuel Taxation By Cornelius Fleischhaker; Daniel Navia; Heron Rios
  30. Considerations for CDM Methodology Concepts to Article 6.2 By World Bank
  31. An Integrated Model for Financial Risk Assessment of Grid-ignited Wildfires By Saeed Nematshahi; Amin Khodaei; Ali Arabnya
  32. A Pathway to Decarbonization of the Vehicle Fleet in Serbia and the role of Electric Mobility By World Bank
  33. The future spatial distribution of onshore wind energy capacity based on a probabilistic investment calculus By Yannik Pflugfelder; Christoph Weber
  34. Consumer-Driven Climate Mitigation: Exploring Barriers and Solutions in Studying Higher Mitigation Potential Behaviors By Lembregts, Christophe; Cadario, Romain
  35. Unseen Green Jobs By World Bank
  36. This study evaluates the credit risk of sustainable loans in a preferential capital requirement programme. We utilise loanlevel data from a uniquely implemented programme from Hungary, applying logistic regressions and survival analysis techniques. We observe a significantly reduced credit risk for firms with renewable energy and electromobility loans, even after accounting for all relevant covariates. Models incorporating green characteristics predict a substantially lower credit risk for firms with green loans compared to models excluding green characteristics. These results are economically significant and robust to model specifications, alternative definitions of green firms and varying default definitions. We show that green loans' lower probability of default can justify a reduction of several percentage points in capital requirements. By Balint Vargedo; Csaba Burger; Donat Kim
  37. Jobs Generated by the Rwanda Development Policy Operations By Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP)
  38. Investments in environmental quality under limited attention By Schmitt, Stefanie Y.
  39. Accessing Sustainable Cooling in Off-Grid Rural Areas By Energy Sector Management Assistance Program
  40. Adapting Spatial Frameworks to Guide Energy Access Interventions in Urbanizing Africa By Jessica Kersey; Bryan Bonsuk Koo
  41. Mobilizing Climate Finance for Railways By Matthias Plavec; Martha Lawrence; Jyoti Bisbey
  42. Predictive power of oil prices on CDS spread dynamics of oil-producing countries By Wegener, Christoph; Basse, Tobias; Maiani, Stefano; Nguyen, Tam Huu
  43. Lessons from Vietnam National Power Transmission Corporation’s Digitalization Journey By World Bank
  44. Balochistan Renewable Energy Development Study By World Bank
  45. Climate-Sensitive Mining: Case Studies By Sri Sekar; Kyle Lundin; Christopher Tucker; Joe Figueiredo; Silvana Tordo; Javier Aguilar
  46. From Ambition to Action By Defne Gencer; Beatriz Arizu
  47. ESMAP Business Plan, FY2025–30 By Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP)
  48. Jobs Generated by the Second Rural Electrification Project in Peru By Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP)
  49. A Comparative Study of Energy Sector’s Variability of Countries in the Organization of Turkic States By Niftiyev, Ibrahim; Bagirzadeh, Elshan
  50. Designing Responsible End-User Subsidies for Energy Access By World Bank
  51. Myanmar Energy Sector Update By World Bank
  52. Sierra Leone - Beyond Connections By Safa Khan; Bryan Bonsuk Koo
  53. Greening Firms in Georgia - Technical Report By World Bank Group
  54. Jobs Generated by the Rwanda Development Policy Operations - Job Creation Potential of the Clean Energy Transition By Zuzana Dobrotková; Sheoli Pargal; Anna Aghababyan; Anders Pedersen
  55. Perspectives on Climate Change By World Bank
  56. Guidance Note on Uzbekistan Green Taxonomy By World Bank
  57. Off-Grid E-Waste Management Toolkit By Energy Sector Management Assistance Program
  58. Toward producing sustainable energy from evergreen trees By Moustafa, Khaled
  59. Using Biomass or Green Ammonia to Replace Coal in Existing Thermal Power Plants By Stratos Tavoulareas
  60. Pakistan Least-Cost Electrification Study By World Bank
  61. Actions to mitigate climate change By Moustafa, Khaled
  62. Pro-cyclical emissions, real externalities, and optimal monetary policy By Giovanardi, Francesco; Kaldorf, Matthias
  63. Watts Happening to Work? The Labour Market Effects of South Africa’s Electricity Crisis By Haroon Bhorat; Timothy Köhler
  64. Political Economy Analysis and Communications for Energy Subsidy Reform By Tom Moerenhout; Defne Gencer; Beatriz Arizu; Min A Lee; Hannah Braun
  65. Net Zero Energy by 2060 By Szilvia Doczi
  66. Indonesia’s Fuel Subsidies Reforms By Ahya Ihsan; Dwi Endah Abriningrum; Bambang Suharnoko Suharnoko; Anissa Rahmawati; Sara Giannozzi
  67. Tunisia Economic Monitor, Spring 2024 By World Bank
  68. BikewaySim Expected to Improve Bicycle Infrastructure Planning Process By Passmore, Reid; Guensler, Randall; Watkins, Kari E
  69. Approaches and Insights from Recent Research on Energy Subsidy Reform By Robert Bacon; Defne Gencer
  70. Employment Impacts of Clean Energy Investments in Emerging Market Economies - A Review of the Literature and Methodologies Used in Assessment By Aurélien Saussay; Zuzana Dobrotková; Sheoli Pargal
  71. Hydropower By World Bank
  72. The Off-Grid Solar Policy Toolkit By ESMAP; PPIAF; DDP
  73. TECHNOLOGICAL INDEPENDENCE AND DOMESTIC VALUE ADDED OF CHINESE ELECTRIC VEHICLES By Yuqing Xing; Peihao Yang; Kun Cai; Zhi Wang
  74. Exploring Opportunities for Women’s Empowerment in the Energy Sector in Central Asia By World Bank
  75. Integrated Environmental and Social Sensitivity Mapping By World Bank Group
  76. Scaling Hydrogen Financing for Development By Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP); Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Global Infrastructure Facility; Hydrogen Council
  77. Scaling Up Locally-Led Climate Action in Cambodia By World Bank
  78. Rwanda Energy Survey By Hyun Jin Choi; Bryan Bonsuk Koo
  79. The Critical Link By World Bank
  80. BECCS – ein nachhaltiger Beitrag zur dauerhaften CO2 -Entnahme in Deutschland? By Thrän, Daniela; Borchers, Malgorzata; Jordan, Matthias; Lenz, Volker; Markus, Till; Matzner, Nils; Oehmichen, Katja; Otto, Danny; Radtke, Kai Sven; Reshef, Nir; Sadr, Mohammed; Siedschlag, Daniela; Wollnik, Ronja
  81. Leveraging Private Sector Solutions in Large Hydropower Projects By Energy Sector Management Assistance Program
  82. The forward market dilemma in energy-only electricity markets By Jonty Flottmann; Paul Simshauser; Phillip Wild; Neda Todorova
  83. The Cost of Air Pollution for Workers and Firms By Marion Leroutier; Hélène Ollivier
  1. By: Karl Dunkle Werner (U.S. Department of the Treasury); Arik Levinson (Department of Economics, Georgetown University)
    Abstract: Many governments and businesses would like to minimize or eliminate the greenhouse gases that result from their purchases of power from electricity grids. Because electricity flows cannot be traced from purchasers back to specific generators, some regulators and users have proposed an approximation. Purchasers would be credited with using clean power if they contract for electricity generated by particular zero-carbon suppliers to the grid or purchase certificates accompanying that zero-carbon generation, so long as those arrangements meet three conditions, or “pillars”: The associated clean power must be generated (1) nearby, (2) during the same hour, and (3) from newly constructed power plants. Whether or not the three pillars are followed, existing or planned electricity generation meeting all three conditions is expected to account for 10 percent of US power in 2030. We show that the qualifying power would be cleaner than average, but not zero-carbon. Electricity purchases meeting the restrictions will have incremental emissions per megawatt hour 30 to 43 percent below unrestricted average emissions per megawatt hour. The three pillars could have additional climate benefits if demand for clean power exceeds the restricted supply, resulting in less total electricity demand or encouraging construction of new clean electricity capacity.
    Keywords: marginal emissions, climate change, renewable electricity
    JEL: Q42 Q47 Q48 Q58
    Date: 2025–03–12
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:geo:guwopa:gueconwpa~25-25-01
  2. By: Paolo Agnolucci; Defne Gencer; Dirk Heine
    Keywords: Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Environment-Carbon Policy and Trading Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Taxation & Subsidies
    Date: 2024–05
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41537
  3. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Energy-Energy Resources Development Energy-Hydro Power Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change
    Date: 2024–10
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:42321
  4. By: Rico Salgmann; Maximilian Weidenhammer; Dominik Englert
    Keywords: Energy-Energy Finance Energy-Renewable Energy Environment-Green Issues Private Sector Development
    Date: 2024–09
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:42178
  5. By: Rajesh Barik (Department of Economics & Finance, BITS Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, Near NH-17B, Bypass Road, Chamber #D-308/5(NAB), Zuarinagar – 403 726, Goa, India); Parthajit Kayal ((corresponding author) Asst. Professor, Madras School of Economics, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 600025)
    Abstract: Electricity consumption's positive impact on household well-being, education, and quality of life is well-documented. Yet, providing accessible and affordable electricity remains a global governance challenge. This study explores the potential of financial inclusion to extend electricity consumption. Investigating the relationship empirically, we analyze the effect of financial inclusion on per capita electricity consumption across countries. Using annual data from 2004 to 2021, we employ various econometric models (such as ordinary least squares, fixed effect, random effect, panel corrected standard errors, feasible general least square, Generalized Method of Moments, and Driscoll-Kraay approach) to examine this nexus in both upper-middle and lower-middle income countries. The study unveils a positive association between financial inclusion and per capita electricity consumption across the overall sample and income subgroups. Robustness checks further underscore the consistency of our findings across income categories. In light of our findings, policymakers could consider leveraging financial inclusion initiatives as strategic measures to bolster electricity consumption across both upper- and lower-middle-income countries.
    Keywords: Financial Inclusion, Electricity consumption, Cross-Country, Upper-Middle income, Lower-Middle income, Empirical Analysis
    JEL: O12 O13 O16 Q43 I32
    Date: 2025–02
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mad:wpaper:2025-277
  6. By: Zuzana Dobrotková; Anna Aghababyan; Anders Pedersen; Sheoli Pargal
    Keywords: Environment-Environment and Energy Efficiency Environment-Environmental Management Social Protections and Labor-Labor Policies Private Sector Development
    Date: 2024–03
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41242
  7. By: Campagnolo , Lorenza (Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change); Mansi , Gabriele (Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change); Bosello, Francesco (Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change); Raitzer , David (Asian Development Bank)
    Abstract: This paper uses results from leading biophysical models in an established macro-economic modeling framework to offer insights on potential economic consequences of climate change in Asia and the Pacific. The analysis covers shocks in agriculture, fisheries, forestry, energy demand, capital (from sea level rise and riverine floods), and labor (from heat stress and extreme events). The shocks are considered in a global recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model that breaks out major economies of the region. The modeling finds that potential total gross domestic product loss as a result of climate change reaches 16.9% in Asia and the Pacific by 2070 under a high-end emissions scenario, with all economies negatively affected. Sea level rise is the largest source of loss, followed by loss of labor productivity due to heat stress. Damage function extrapolation of the losses suggests that they could reach 41.0% of gross domestic product by 2100.
    Keywords: climate change; climate damage; computable general equilibrium; economic impact
    JEL: C63 C68 Q51 Q54
    Date: 2025–03–19
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:adbewp:0771
  8. By: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP)
    Keywords: Energy-Renewable Energy Social Protections and Labor-Labor Markets
    Date: 2024–03
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41262
  9. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Gender-Gender and Development Gender-Gender and Energy
    Date: 2024–07
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41832
  10. By: World Bank; AFD
    Keywords: Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases Poverty Reduction-Poverty Reduction Strategies Governance-International Governmental Organizations
    Date: 2024–05
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41556
  11. By: Juergen Amann; Defne Gencer; Dirk Heine
    Keywords: Energy-Energy Policies & Economics
    Date: 2024–07
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41914
  12. By: Maksudjon Safarov; Jason James Smith
    Keywords: Energy-Energy Resources Development Energy-Energy Markets Energy-Energy and Environment Energy-Energy and Natural Resources Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Environment-Carbon Policy and Trading Environment-Climate Change Impacts Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases
    Date: 2024–06
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41673
  13. By: Bente Brunes; Atle Harby; Elin Hallgrimsdottir
    Keywords: Energy-Hydro Power Energy-Renewable Energy
    Date: 2024–04
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41379
  14. By: Pepe, Jacopo Maria
    Abstract: Durch den Ukraine-Krieg und die Entscheidung, auf russisches Pipelinegas zu verzichten, wurde Flüssigerdgas (LNG) zu einem Hauptpfeiler der Energieversorgung Deutschlands und der EU. Die europäische Nachfrage hat die Globalisierung des LNG-Marktes beschleunigt und fördert zugleich Konzentration und neue Abhängigkeiten. Die USA und Katar sind die weltweit dominanten Akteure auf dem LNG-Markt. China spielt eine ambivalente Rolle, während Europa in hartem Wettbewerb mit asiatischen Abnehmern steht. Der Krieg hat die Fragmentierung der Weltordnung vorangetrieben und globale Governance im Energiesektor weiter erodieren lassen. LNG-Verträge spiegeln marktpolitische, aber auch geopolitische Präferenzen und neue Machtverhältnisse wider. Auch begünstigen sie Bilateralismus und Transaktionalismus zulasten multilateraler Kooperation. Mit der Entkopplung von Russland wurden Versorgungsrisiken nicht beseitigt, sondern verlagert. Die stärkere Abhängigkeit von den USA birgt Risiken für die EU und Deutschland: Größere Schwankungen bei Preis und Angebot drohen ebenso wie eine politische Instrumentalisierung der Abhängigkeit durch die Trump-Administration. Die neuen Marktbedingungen verdeutlichen, wie geschwächt die EU und Deutschland als energie- und klimapolitische Akteure sind. Sie müssen ihre Energiebeziehungen und ihre Diplomatie neu gestalten, um Tendenzen zum Bilateralismus, Asymmetrien bei Interessen und Präferenzen sowie Marktinterdependenzen zu begegnen. Die LNG-Partnerschaft mit den USA ist weiterhin nötig. Um geopolitischen Spannungen vorzubeugen und die Marktresilienz zu erhöhen, sind allerdings eine größtmögliche Diversifizierung der Lieferbeziehungen sowie multilaterale Ansätze wie eine Art LNG-Konzert der Mächte oder langfristig eine Wasserstoffallianz erforderlich.
    Keywords: Ukraine-Krieg, russisches Pipelinegas, Flüssigerdgas (LNG), EU, USA, Katar, China, multilaterale Kooperation, Transaktionalismus, Trump-Administration, Wasserstoffallianz, Geoökonomie
    Date: 2025
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpstu:313640
  15. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Governance-International Governmental Organizations Energy-Energy Finance Energy-Energy Resources Development Energy-Energy and Natural Resources Energy-Hydro Power Energy-Renewable Energy Environment-Forests and Forestry Energy-Solar Energy Energy-Windpower
    Date: 2024–06
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41675
  16. By: Moustafa, Khaled (Founder & Editor of ArabiXiv)
    Abstract: Climate change is a multi-hazard challenge for life on earth in all its aspects. Wildfires, pollution, drought and heatwaves are just a few examples of exacerbated environmental crises propelled by climate change effects. To mitigate such effects, urgent actions are required to cutoff greenhouse gas emissions by all the means across all the sectors. Every additional kilogram of greenhouse gases produced unnecessarily should be avoided. One source of greenhouse gas emissions that may not be top of mind for the public and policymakers - and which can be taken into account in preventive environmental policies- is the industry of administrative and identification documents (papers) with short validity dates that involves intensive production (mass printing) and frequent renewals (mass reprinting) while the carbon footprint is too high. The validity of, for example, identity cards, passports, banking cards, driving licenses, etc., is often short ranging from ~ 3 to 10 years, depending on each type of document and issuing country. Short validity dates, however, should raise critical questions regarding the environmental sustainability, societal and carbon impact, and depletion of natural resources used in their production and frequent renewals. Identification documents are not food products that spoil over time or medications that lose their functional activities, so their validity should be unlimited by time in order to avoid the high environmental costs of mass printing/reprinting and high rates of greenhouse gas emissions associated with their production. The production of plasticized ID-type cards can emit up to 100 grams of carbon dioxide equivalent per card. Manufacturing one administrative document per person and renewing it five times could produce up to 4 million tons of carbon dioxide globally. If individuals have five administrative documents that need renewing five times, which is often the case, gas emissions would be five times higher, or approximately 20 million tons of CO2 equivalent. To save such important amounts of gas emissions, a modernization and flexibilization of administrative documents industry is required toward removing validity by date. This simple change could save substantial amounts of energy and natural resources, such as trees and water, while also reducing greenhouse gas emissions by million tons, especially in the pressing context of climate change. It should be time to initiate a paradigm shift in the administrative document industry. Eliminating validity periods is a straightforward yet effective solution that would significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainable environmental practices.
    Date: 2023–12–30
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:uan9g_v1
  17. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Gender-Gender and Development Gender-Gender and Economics Gender-Gender and Social Development Energy-Renewable Energy Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases
    Date: 2024–07
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41870
  18. By: ESMAP
    Keywords: Energy-Renewable Energy Environment-Climate Change and Environment Environment-Climate Change Impacts Environment-Natural Resources Management Environment-Tourism and Ecotourism
    Date: 2024–06
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41678
  19. By: World Bank; Kenya Private Sector Alliance
    Keywords: Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases Private Sector Development-Small and Medium Size Enterprises Public Sector Development-Climate Change Policy and Regulation
    Date: 2024–04
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41384
  20. By: ESMAP
    Keywords: Energy-Renewable Energy Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Finance and Financial Sector Development-Access to Finance
    Date: 2024–06
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41645
  21. By: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP)
    Keywords: Energy-Solar Energy Energy-Energy Resources Development Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change
    Date: 2024–04
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41349
  22. By: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP)
    Keywords: Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Social Protections and Labor-Labor Markets Energy-Renewable Energy
    Date: 2024–03
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41259
  23. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Environment-Air Quality & Clean Air Environment-Environmental Protection Environment-Pollution Management & Control
    Date: 2024–07
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41969
  24. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Energy-Renewable Energy Environment-Climate Change and Environment Finance and Financial Sector Development-Access to Finance
    Date: 2024–06
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41646
  25. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Energy-Energy Conservation & Efficiency Energy-Energy Technology & Transmission Energy-Energy Resources Development Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Environment-Natural Resources Management
    Date: 2024–04
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41459
  26. By: Hyun Jin Choi; Saadia Qayyum; Bryan Bonsuk Koo
    Keywords: Energy-Energy Demand Energy-Electric Power Energy-Utilities Energy-Energy Markets Energy-Energy Policies & Economics
    Date: 2024–07
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41817
  27. By: Indira Hapsari; Ahya Ihsan; Anthony Obeyesekere; Dwi Endah Abriningrum; Muhammad Khudadad Chattha
    Date: 2024–04
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41359
  28. By: Rafael de Sa Ferreira; Javier Gustavo Inon; Patrick Dougherty; Tom Remy
    Keywords: Finance and Financial Sector Development-Concessional Finance and Global Partnerships Energy-Power & Energy Conversion Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change
    Date: 2024–05
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41765
  29. By: Cornelius Fleischhaker; Daniel Navia; Heron Rios
    Keywords: Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Taxation & Subsidies Environment-Carbon Policy and Trading Energy-Fuels
    Date: 2024–08
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:42063
  30. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Environment-Climate Change Impacts Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases Environment-Climate Change and Environment
    Date: 2024–08
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41988
  31. By: Saeed Nematshahi; Amin Khodaei; Ali Arabnya
    Abstract: In recent years, the frequency and intensity of grid-ignited wildfires have increased significantly, leading to an elevated level of risk exposure to public safety and financial repercussions for electric utilities threatening their solvency. It is, therefore, imperative for electric utilities to accurately assess the financial impact of potential wildfires ignited by their power infrastructure. This is a critical step toward developing risk-informed strategies to mitigate grid-ignited wildfires from both operational and financial perspectives. This paper proposes and develops an integrated model to evaluate the damage costs associated with potential grid-ignited wildfires to allow assessing financial risk with greater precision than existing literature. The proposed model is tailored to assess the financial risk associated with grid-ignited wildfires, including environmental damages, destroyed structures, and damage to the power grid assets. We quantify the risk associated with each power line, thereby identifying areas that require immediate preemptive actions. To visually represent the risk levels associated with the transmission grid topology, we implement a color-coded risk heatmap. The heatmap categorizes risk levels as follows: low-risk areas are denoted in white, moderate-low risk regions in green, medium-risk areas in yellow, and high-risk zones in red...
    Date: 2025–01
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2502.09629
  32. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Urban Development-Transport in Urban Areas Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change
    Date: 2024–06
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41766
  33. By: Yannik Pflugfelder; Christoph Weber (Chair for Management Sciences and Energy Economics, University of Duisburg-Essen)
    Abstract: The spatial distribution of future renewable capacities is a key determinant for developing appropriate grid expansion plans. This is particularly relevant for onshore wind energy. Existing studiesmostly extrapolate future installations based on existing capacities and available sites. As wind farm projects are developed mainly by private investors, the economic rationale of investing at specific sites deserves more attention. Therefore, the present contribution develops a model of economic choice for wind investments based on site-specific computations of the achievable net present value, taking into consideration the land availability at the regional level. Therefore, sitespecific investment decisions are modeled as (partly aggregated) discrete choices. The net present value is computed from investment costs and expected yields, which can be estimated based on wind speed time series and power curves. Available land can be identified by excluding settlement, infrastructure, and nature conservation areas with appropriate buffers, as well as sites with topographically unsuitable profiles. The model is formulated as a nested logit model that captures the interdependencies between choices on two levels: the probability of investment in a particular region on the first level and the probability of installing a specific turbine type on the second level. In an application for Germany with the target capacities of the German Renewable Energy Act, the model delivers a spatial distribution of the capacities at the NUTS 3 level. The model also enables the derivation of the necessary compensation level and the most frequently installed turbine types.
    Keywords: wind energy, regionalization models, renewable energy sources, nested logit model
    JEL: Q42 Q48 C35 R58
    Date: 2025–01
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dui:wpaper:2501
  34. By: Lembregts, Christophe; Cadario, Romain
    Abstract: A systematic review of sustainable consumer behaviors in five prominent consumer research journals revealed that green behaviors with greater potential for climate mitigation (e.g., plant-based consumption) have not been broadly studied, indicating promising opportunities for future research. In an exploratory survey, we conceptually replicate this finding using a sample of consumer researchers with a general interest in studying higher-potential behaviors. We explore potential explanations, including researchers' focus on construct-to-construct mapping, preference for behaviors they personally experience or find easy to implement, lack of incentives to study higher-potential behaviors, and inadequate understanding of mitigation potential. To help shift consumer researchers’ focus on higher-potential behaviors, we offer concrete recommendations, such as proactively considering mitigation potential both as authors and reviewers, and utilizing phenomenon-to-construct mapping for enhancing theoretical contributions. In sum, this research will help interested consumer researchers to provide more relevant answers to the urgent challenge of climate change mitigation.
    Date: 2024–01–19
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:ywus6_v1
  35. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Social Protections and Labor-Labor Standards
    Date: 2024–06
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41754
  36. By: Balint Vargedo (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (Central Bank of Hungary)); Csaba Burger (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (Central Bank of Hungary)); Donat Kim (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (Central Bank of Hungary))
    Keywords: sustainable finance, financial stability, capital requirement, green finance, default probability, green transition, central bank mandates.
    JEL: E58 G21 G33 O16
    Date: 2025
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mnb:wpaper:2025/2
  37. By: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP)
    Keywords: Energy-Renewable Energy Social Protections and Labor-Labor Markets
    Date: 2024–03
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41260
  38. By: Schmitt, Stefanie Y.
    Abstract: Consumers increasingly care about the environmental quality of the goods they consume. However, limited attention impairs consumers' ability to compare and evaluate the environmental quality of goods. I show that investments in environmental quality, consumer surplus, producer surplus, and welfare are non-monotonic functions of attention. Average environmental quality, consumer surplus, producer surplus, and welfare are highest under intermediate (but different) levels of atten-tion. In addition, limited attention influences the effectiveness of policy interventions. I identify conditions under which emission taxes, subsidies, information campaigns, and mandatory disclosure lead to less investments in environmental quality, more emissions, lower consumer surplus, or lower welfare.
    Keywords: environmental quality, environmental policies, limited attention
    JEL: D91 L13 Q55 Q58
    Date: 2025
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bamber:313019
  39. By: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program
    Keywords: Energy-Energy Resources Development Energy-Energy and Environment Energy-Rural Energy
    Date: 2024–06
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41638
  40. By: Jessica Kersey; Bryan Bonsuk Koo
    Keywords: Communities and Human Settlements-Rural Settlements Energy-Electric Power Communities and Human Settlements-Urban Communities Energy-Energy Consumption Energy-Energy Demand Energy-Utilities
    Date: 2024–06
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41671
  41. By: Matthias Plavec; Martha Lawrence; Jyoti Bisbey
    Keywords: Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases Transport Urban Development-Transport in Urban Areas
    Date: 2024–03
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41321
  42. By: Wegener, Christoph; Basse, Tobias; Maiani, Stefano; Nguyen, Tam Huu
    Abstract: This paper employs predictive regressions to explore the predictability of sovereign Credit Default Swap (CDS) spread dynamics of relevant oil-producing countries. By incorporating oil prices and additional control variables, we predict the rate of CDS spread changes for Brazil, the UK, Malaysia, Norway, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, the US, and Venezuela. Our findings reveal that (i) the empirical coefficients of determination (R 2 ) indicate low in-sample predictability for our entire period of analysis (2010-2024), the R 2 increases markedly when dividing the analysis period into more relevant sub-samples (2010-2016 and 2016-2024); (ii) oil prices are not significant predictors for the full period but become significant in many regressions within sub-samples; (iii) for countries where oil prices are significant in both sub-samples, the coefficient sign changes from negative to positive, suggesting that in more recent years, rising (falling) oil prices signal increasing (decreasing) geopolitical risk, positively (negatively) influencing CDS spreads.
    Keywords: oil prices, fiscal stability, predictive regressions
    JEL: G17 H63 C58 Q43
    Date: 2025
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hwuaef:313644
  43. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Energy-Energy Production and Transportation Energy-Electric Power Environment-Environment and Energy Efficiency
    Date: 2024–04
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41373
  44. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Energy-Energy Consumption Energy-Renewable Energy Energy-Energy Markets
    Date: 2024–07
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41876
  45. By: Sri Sekar; Kyle Lundin; Christopher Tucker; Joe Figueiredo; Silvana Tordo; Javier Aguilar
    Keywords: Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change
    Date: 2024–02
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41115
  46. By: Defne Gencer; Beatriz Arizu
    Keywords: Energy-Energy Resources Development Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change
    Date: 2024–10
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:42275
  47. By: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP)
    Keywords: Energy-Renewable Energy Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change
    Date: 2024–10
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:42248
  48. By: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP)
    Keywords: Energy-Electric Power Rural Development-Rural and Renewable Energy Rural Development-Rural Labor Markets
    Date: 2024–01
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:40952
  49. By: Niftiyev, Ibrahim; Bagirzadeh, Elshan
    Abstract: The energy sector is critical to economic growth and development, and the everchanging world order requires a new review of past and current trends in this area. This paper focuses on the members of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) that share a common history, similar cultural and political perspectives, and similar national interests. While some OTS countries are net exporters of electricity energy (e.g., Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan), others are net importers of it (e.g., Türkiye, and Hungary), and cooperation among member and observer states is growing rapidly. This paper documents the similarities and differences in energy sector variability among OTS members using a principal component analysis (PCA) of data between 1991 and 2021. Our study shows that all OTS countries are similar in terms of primary energy consumption per capita, but in terms of electricity consumption and renewable electricity per capita, Hungary and Kyrgyzstan differ from the rest of the sample. Additionally, carbon intensity varies to the same extent in Hungary, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Türkiye. Finally, Hungary and Kyrgyzstan have not changed their fossil fuel-based electricity generation, while Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan show the same positive trend in electricity energy trade. The results of this study provide an integrated and methodological overview of the energy sector of the OTS countries and shed light on possible future cooperation between the member and observer countries.
    Keywords: Dimension Reduction, Energy Sector, Energy Economics, Energy Transition, Organization of Turkic States (OTS), Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
    Date: 2024
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esconf:313417
  50. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Energy-Energy Consumption Energy-Energy Demand Energy-Solar Energy Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Taxation & Subsidies
    Date: 2024–07
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41968
  51. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Energy-Electric Power Energy-Energy Consumption Energy-Energy Demand Energy-Utilities
    Date: 2024–07
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41868
  52. By: Safa Khan; Bryan Bonsuk Koo
    Keywords: Energy-Electric Power Energy-Energy Demand Energy-Energy Markets Energy-Solar Energy Energy-Energy Consumption Energy-Energy Resources Development
    Date: 2024–06
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41762
  53. By: World Bank Group
    Keywords: Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases Environment-Climate Change and Environment Environment-Green Issues Environment-Environmental Economics & Policies
    Date: 2024–06
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41785
  54. By: Zuzana Dobrotková; Sheoli Pargal; Anna Aghababyan; Anders Pedersen
    Keywords: Energy-Rural Energy Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Rural Development-Rural Labor Markets
    Date: 2024–03
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41244
  55. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Environment-Climate Change Impacts
    Date: 2024–07
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41882
  56. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Information and Communication Technologies-Knowledge Management Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change
    Date: 2024–02
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41084
  57. By: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program
    Keywords: Energy-Energy Resources Development Energy-Renewable Energy Information and Communication Technologies-ICT Data and Statistics Law and Development-Labor & Employment Law
    Date: 2024–11
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:42353
  58. By: Moustafa, Khaled (Founder & Editor of ArabiXiv)
    Abstract: Evergreen plants are nature's unceasing power engines, continuously performing photosynthesis and other vital processes that result in a steady stream of electrons. If the electric charges generated by these processes can be captured using highly sensitive sensors, it would be possible, at least in theory, to generate renewable electricity from green trees. To realize this potential, developing advanced electronic sensors capable of detecting the electric charges and movements of electrons within green stems and leaves is required. The collected charges can be converted into usable, renewable electricity and stored in batteries to power low-wattage devices such as lamps, street lights, and small electronics. If this approach is successfully implemented, it could meet some basic electricity needs in small cities and remote rural areas where conventional power sources are often unavailable. In forests and densely populated plant areas where thousands of trees thrive, the total amount of electricity that could be generated from these trees might be enough to satisfy minimal energy requirements of surrounding communities.
    Date: 2024–01–31
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:f8g5n_v1
  59. By: Stratos Tavoulareas
    Keywords: Energy-Electric Power Energy-Coal and Lignite Energy-Energy Resources Development Energy-Energy Technology & Transmission Energy-Fuels Energy-Renewable Energy
    Date: 2024–06
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41670
  60. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Energy-Electric Power Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change
    Date: 2024–07
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41909
  61. By: Moustafa, Khaled (Founder & Editor of ArabiXiv)
    Abstract: Climate change is a significant challenge that humanity will face in the coming decades. This reality is evidenced by the escalating frequency and severity of environmental events such as wildfires, tsunamis, and high pollution rates, coupled with severe droughts and floods in various regions. Long-term repercussions of climate change are expected to worsen, posing a threat to terrestrial and marine ecosystems, biodiversity, public health, social cohesion, and immigration both within and between countries. To address these challenges, there is a critical need for efficient and resilient policies and urgent action. Mitigating climate change is a multifaceted issue demanding collective efforts from a broad spectrum of stakeholders, including individuals, governments, businesses, and organizations. In this perspective, I will explore arguable and applicable actions, ranging from simple, individual efforts to complex comprehensive initiatives. The goal is to sustain natural resources, minimize environmental waste, and foster a harmonious relationship between humans and their micro and macro-environments. Decisive, global, and timely actions are imperative to mitigate the effects of climate change and preserve natural resources.
    Date: 2024–01–31
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:cmyeb_v1
  62. By: Giovanardi, Francesco; Kaldorf, Matthias
    Abstract: We study optimal monetary policy in an analytically tractable New Key-nesian DSGE-model with an emission externality. Empirically, emissions are strongly pro-cyclical and output in the flexible price equilibrium overreacts to productivity shocks, relative to the efficient allocation. At the same time, output under-reacts relative to the flexible price allocation due to sticky prices. Therefore, it is not optimal to simultaneously stabilize inflation and to close the natural output gap, even though this would be feasible. Real externalities affect the LQ-approximation to optimal monetary policy and we extend the analysis of Benigno and Woodford (2005) to inefficient flexible price equilibria. For central banks with a dual mandate, optimal monetary policy places a larger weight on output stabilization and targets a non-zero natural output gap, implying a higher optimal inflation volatility.
    Keywords: Optimal Monetary Policy, Carbon Emissions, Output Gap, Central Bank Loss Function, Phillips Curve
    JEL: E31 E58 Q58
    Date: 2025
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:bubdps:313014
  63. By: Haroon Bhorat; Timothy Köhler (Development Policy Research Unit, University of Cape Town)
    Abstract: Frequent electricity outages threaten to impede the benefits of expanded access achieved by many developing countries in recent decades. A large literature documents these negative effects, however almost none consider labour market effects. This paper merges labour force survey microdata with high-frequency electricity supply and demand data to provide the first estimates of the relationships between outages and labour market outcomes in South Africa, a country characterized by frequent, severe outages referred to as load shedding. Exploiting temporal variation in outage incidence and intensity, we find that load shedding is associated with significantly lower employment rates, working hours, and earnings on average. Employment appears more sensitive relative to intensive margin outcomes, threatening job creation and preservation efforts in an already jobs scarce economy. These negative relationships, however, are not evident for low levels of load shedding, but their strength markedly increases with load shedding intensity. We document further heterogeneity by firm size and industry, highlighting the vulnerability of jobs in manufacturing. Overall, our findings suggest that the South African labour market is largely insensitive to relatively low levels of load shedding; however, high levels appear especially costly.
    Keywords: electricity outages, labour market, developing country, South Africa, load shedding
    JEL: J21 J23 J31 L94
    Date: 2024–05
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ctw:wpaper:202401
  64. By: Tom Moerenhout; Defne Gencer; Beatriz Arizu; Min A Lee; Hannah Braun
    Keywords: Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Environment-Natural Resources Management Energy-Energy Policies & Economics
    Date: 2024–04
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41422
  65. By: Szilvia Doczi
    Keywords: Energy-Energy Consumption Energy-Energy Markets Energy-Energy Resources Development Energy-Energy Sector Regulation
    Date: 2024–06
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41672
  66. By: Ahya Ihsan; Dwi Endah Abriningrum; Bambang Suharnoko Suharnoko; Anissa Rahmawati; Sara Giannozzi
    Keywords: Energy-Energy Conservation & Efficiency Energy-Fuels
    Date: 2024–05
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41617
  67. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Economic Forecasting Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Economic Growth Energy-Renewable Energy
    Date: 2024–05
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41532
  68. By: Passmore, Reid; Guensler, Randall; Watkins, Kari E
    Abstract: Many US cities aim to increase environmentally sustainable modes of transportation, such as cycling or public transit. However, the current built environment in many of these cities does not adequately support cyclists or public transit riders. Bicycle infrastructure can minimize cyclists’ exposure to high-speed automobile traffic and increase the actual and perceived safety of cycling. Bicycle infrastructure can also potentially improve connections to public transit stops and stations. However, planners lack the tools to effectively measure where bicycle infrastructure improvements will yield the best outcomes. New research from Georgia Tech addresses this problem by developing two new modeling tools, BikewaySim and TransitSim, to assess how bicycle infrastructure can affect cycling and public transit access. Using BikewaySim, the researchers modeled over 28, 000 potential cycling trips, calculating the impacts of two proposed cycling infrastructure projects in Atlanta, Georgia. Using TransitSim, the researchers modeled combined cycling and transit trips from four distinct locations in Atlanta, Georgia. This brief summarizes the findings from that research. View the NCST Project Webpage
    Keywords: Social and Behavioral Sciences, Bicycle lanes, bicycling, bikeways, public transit, shortest path algorithms, simulation, travel time
    Date: 2025–03–01
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt87k1w46r
  69. By: Robert Bacon; Defne Gencer
    Keywords: Energy-Energy and Economic Development Energy-Energy Policies & Economics Energy-Energy Finance
    Date: 2024–05
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41480
  70. By: Aurélien Saussay; Zuzana Dobrotková; Sheoli Pargal
    Keywords: Energy-Energy Policies & Economics Environment-Environment and Energy Efficiency Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Economic Growth Gender-Gender and Development
    Date: 2024–03
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41245
  71. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Energy-Energy Resources Development Energy-Energy and Natural Resources Energy-Energy and Environment Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases
    Date: 2024–05
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41615
  72. By: ESMAP; PPIAF; DDP
    Keywords: Energy-Electric Power Energy-Solar Energy Information and Communication Technologies-Digital Divide
    Date: 2024–03
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41243
  73. By: Yuqing Xing (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan); Peihao Yang (China Electronics Standardization Institute, Beijing, China; University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China); Kun Cai (University of International Business and Economics, Beijing China); Zhi Wang (School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China; George Mason University, USA)
    Abstract: This study analyzes the supply chains, technological independence and domestic value added (DVA) of the Chinese EV industry by tearing down two popular models: the BYD Seal and the Tesla Model 3. It is the first study to use teardown data for two representative EV models to estimate the distribution of the value added in China EVs and the tasks performed by the makers’ suppliers. We find that 92% of BYD’s suppliers are in China and 65% of them are Chinese domestic firms, which produced 82% of the parts and components embedded in the BYD Seal. The localization of Tesla Shanghai’s supply chains is even higher, with more than 96% of Tesla Shanghai's suppliers in China, and 62 local Chinese firms participating in the supply chains to produce almost half of the parts and components in Model 3. 90% of the BYD Seal’s retail price is DVA generated in China, while only 45% of the total value of the Model 3 manufactured at the Shanghai factory is attributed to China. The extensive participation of Chinese firms in supply chains BYD and Tesla implies that the Chinese EV industry has achieved technological independence in the sector. However, foreign firms remain dominant in the supply of semiconductor chips: 97% of the chips used in the Model 3 are either imported or manufactured by wholly foreign owned ventures, while more than 50% of the semiconductor chips used in the BYD Seal are procured from foreign suppliers.
    Date: 2025–03
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ngi:dpaper:24-15
  74. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Environment-Climate Change and Environment Gender-Gender and Development Energy-Energy Resources Development
    Date: 2024–03
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41265
  75. By: World Bank Group
    Keywords: Energy-Energy and Environment Energy-Energy Resources Development Energy-Windpower Environment-Adaptation to Climate Change Environment-Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases Environment-Natural Resources Management
    Date: 2024–06
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41711
  76. By: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP); Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); Global Infrastructure Facility; Hydrogen Council
    Keywords: Energy-Energy Finance Energy-Renewable Energy
    Date: 2024–02
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41125
  77. By: World Bank
    Date: 2024–07
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41893
  78. By: Hyun Jin Choi; Bryan Bonsuk Koo
    Keywords: Energy-Energy Consumption Energy-Energy Policies & Economics Information and Communication Technologies-ICT Data and Statistics Governance-E-Government Macroeconomics and Economic Growth-Economic Growth Private Sector Development-Competitiveness and Competition Policy Information and Communication Technologies-Information Security & Privacy
    Date: 2024–09
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:42124
  79. By: World Bank
    Keywords: Energy-Electric Power Energy-Energy Conservation & Efficiency Energy-Renewable Energy Energy-Utilities
    Date: 2024–05
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:41618
  80. By: Thrän, Daniela; Borchers, Malgorzata; Jordan, Matthias; Lenz, Volker; Markus, Till; Matzner, Nils; Oehmichen, Katja; Otto, Danny; Radtke, Kai Sven; Reshef, Nir; Sadr, Mohammed; Siedschlag, Daniela; Wollnik, Ronja
    Abstract: BECCS (Bioenergie mit CO 2-Abscheidung und -Speicherung) kombiniert die CO 2- Abscheidung und -Speicherung mit der Nutzung von Bioenergie. Wichtig ist, dass die CO 2-Speicherung dauerhaft ist, was BECCS von anderen Ansätzen wie BECCU (Nutzung von CO 2) unterscheidet. In Deutschland trägt das bestehende Bioenergiesystem bereits zur erneuerbaren Energieversorgung bei, ist jedoch noch nicht auf BECCS ausgerichtet. Bei der Nutzung von biogenen Abfällen und Reststoffen könnten mit dem heutigen Bioenergieanlagenbestand über 25 Mio. t CO 2/Jahr in Form von CO 2 und Biokohle für die Abscheidung zugänglich gemacht werden. Dazu könnten bestehende Bioenergieanlagen mit hohem CO 2-Abscheidungspotenzial (z.B. Müllverbrennungsanlagen und Biomasseheizkraftwerke) für BECCS erweitert werden. Für die erfolgreiche Etablierung von BECCS sind die Erprobung verschiedener BECCS-Methoden sowie ein gesichertes Investitionsumfeld für die Entwicklung von Geschäftsmodellen und Monitoringsystemen erforderlich. BECCS in Hochtemperaturindustrieprozessen ist für ein klimaneutrales Energiesystem von großer Bedeutung und bisher noch nicht etabliert. Bei geeigneter Förderung kann BECCS diese Transformation des Energiesystems unterstützen. Für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung von BECCS sind inklusive Partizipationsstrategien notwendig, um eine breite gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz zu erreichen. Von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Umweltverträglichkeit sind die Kombination von BECCS mit naturbasierten Maßnahmen zur CO 2-Entnahme (z.B. Wiedervernässung von Mooren), die Kaskadennutzung von Biomasse und die gezielte Bioenergiebereitstellung in Sektoren, die schwer zu defossilisieren sind. Darüber hinaus muss BECCS in den bestehenden rechtlichen Rahmen integriert werden, um Umweltrisiken zu minimieren und die notwendige Infrastruktur für CO 2-Transport und -Speicherung zu schaffen. Die Aussagen und Zahlen dieser Veröffentlichung basieren auf der aktuellen Bioenergiebereitstellung und können sich unter anderen politischen, rechtlichen und sozioökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen verändern. Der optimale Beitrag von BECCS zur Klimaneutralität 2045 sollte auch mit Energie- und Klimamodellen ermittelt werden.
    Keywords: Bioenergie, CO2-Speicherung, Treibhausgas-Emissionen, Deutschland
    Date: 2024
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ufzrep:313617
  81. By: Energy Sector Management Assistance Program
    Keywords: Energy-Hydro Power Energy-Renewable Energy
    Date: 2024–11
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wboper:42375
  82. By: Jonty Flottmann; Paul Simshauser; Phillip Wild; Neda Todorova
    Keywords: Energy-only markets, forward contract derivative markets, renewables
    Date: 2025–02
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2502
  83. By: Marion Leroutier (CREST-ENSAE Paris); Hélène Ollivier (Paris School of Economics, CNRS)
    Abstract: This paper shows that even moderate air pollution levels, such as those in Europe, harm the economy by reducing firm performance. Using monthly firm-level data from France, we estimate the causal impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on sales and worker absenteeism. Leveraging exogenous pollution shocks from local wind direction changes, we find that a 10 percent increase in monthly PM2.5 exposure reduces firm sales by 0.4 percent on average over the next two months, with sector-specific variation. Simultaneously, sick leave rises by 1 percent. However, this labor supply reduction explains only a small part of the sales decline. Our evidence suggests that air pollution also reduces worker productivity and dampens local demand. Aligning air quality with WHO guidelines would yield economic benefits on par with the costs of regulation or the health benefits from reduced mortality.
    Keywords: Cost of air pollution, Absenteeism, Firm performance
    JEL: Q53 I1 J22
    Date: 2025–02–15
    URL: https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crs:wpaper:2025-05
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