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on Energy Economics |
| By: | Agbloyor, Elikplimi Kolma; Dwumfour, Richard Adjei; Pan, Lei; Yawson, Alfred |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the impact of per capita CO2 emissions on banking stability. To identify the causal effect of carbon emissions on the stability of banking system, we use plausibly exogenous source of variations in energy use as an instrumental variable (IV) for CO2 emissions. Using data for a panel of 122 countries over the period 2000-2013, our IV regression results indicate that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita CO2 emissions and banking stability. Our findings reveal that CO2 emissions have a positive effect on banking stability at a low level of emissions and an adverse effect at a higher emissions level. We also find that industrialization as proxied by the ratio of manufacturing value added to GDP can be a potential channel through which per capita CO2 emissions affect banking stability. Our results are robust to alternative specifications and have important implications for policy on banking stability. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions; Banking stability; Energy use; Nonlinearity |
| JEL: | G21 Q50 Q53 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:111092&r= |
| By: | Georg Zachmann; Franziska Holz; Claudia Kemfert; Ben McWilliams; Frank Meissner; Alexander Roth; Robin Sogalla |
| Abstract: | This Policy Contribution was written building upon a study prepared for the European Parliament’s Committee on Economic and Industry, Research and Energy (ITRE), available here. Three quarters of the European Union’s greenhouse gas emissions stem from burning coal, oil and natural gas to produce energy services, including heating for buildings, transportation and operation of machinery. The transition to climate neutrality means these services must be provided without associated emissions. It... |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bre:polcon:46668&r= |
| By: | Frank Jotzo; Warwick J. McKibbin |
| Abstract: | Australia has a history of fragmented and politically contested climate policy, and current climate policy is both piecemeal and limited in scope and ambition. Ample opportunities exist to reduce emissions through the more broad-based application of policy. This paper outlines six areas where climate policy in Australia could achieve emissions reductions at low cost: pricing emissions in industry through a modification and broadening of the existing Safeguards Mechanism; investment in assisting the transformation of the electricity grid to very high shares of renewables; a mixture of innovation support, and targeted incentives and regulatory standards in specific sectors and activities; an effective green infrastructure program to stimulate demand and raise productivity in the medium term; a community focussed structural adjustment fund that would enable disproportionately impacted communities to adapt reality of the global transition to net-zero emissions by 2050; and removing impediments to the emergence of new renewable energy-based export industries to take the place of coal and gas exports. |
| Keywords: | climate change policy, policy packages, Australia |
| JEL: | Q58 |
| Date: | 2021–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2021-78&r= |
| By: | Fabrizio Durante; Angelica Gianfreda; Francesco Ravazzolo; Luca Rossini |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the dependence between electricity prices, demand, and renewable energy sources by means of a multivariate copula model {while studying Germany, the widest studied market in Europe}. The inter-dependencies are investigated in-depth and monitored over time, with particular emphasis on the tail behavior. To this end, suitable tail dependence measures are introduced to take into account a multivariate extreme scenario appropriately identified {through the} Kendall's distribution function. The empirical evidence demonstrates a strong association between electricity prices, renewable energy sources, and demand within a day and over the studied years. Hence, this analysis provides guidance for further and different incentives for promoting green energy generation while considering the time-varying dependencies of the involved variables |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2201.01132&r= |
| By: | Olukunle O. Owolabi; Toryn L. J. Schafer; Georgia E. Smits; Sanhita Sengupta; Sean E. Ryan; Lan Wang; David S. Matteson; Mila Getmansky Sherman; Deborah A. Sunter |
| Abstract: | The U.S. electrical grid has undergone substantial transformation with increased penetration of wind and solar -- forms of variable renewable energy (VRE). Despite the benefits of VRE for decarbonization, it has garnered some controversy for inducing unwanted effects in regional electricity markets. In this study, we examine the role of VRE penetration on the system electricity price and price volatility based on hourly, real-time, historical data from six Independent System Operators in the U.S. using quantile and skew t-distribution regressions. After correcting for temporal effects, we observe a decrease in price, with non-linear effects on price volatility, for an increase in VRE penetration. These results are consistent with the modern portfolio theory where diverse volatile assets may lead to more stable and less risky portfolios. |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2112.11338&r= |
| By: | Sambo Zulu; Ephraim Zulu |
| Abstract: | Purpose: Like many countries, Zambia is challenged to adopt clean energy solutions to meet its ever-increasing energy demand. The perceived cost of adoption is argued to be a potential hindrance to residential solar energy uptake. A review of the literature suggests that, while there is an increase in research on solar energy transitioning in sub-Sahara Africa, no such studies have been undertaken in Zambia. It is argued that solutions to promote the use of solar energy in the owner-built residential sector in Zambia are crucial to solve this energy dilemma, as over 50% of residences in urban areas are self-build housing. Considering that a significant proportion of houses are owner-built, households must clearly understand their financial commitments when considering solar energy solutions. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the extent to which the perception of the cost of adopting solar energy solutions was an influencing factor in the uptake of solar energy in the residential sector in Zambia.Design/Methodology: Data was collected through a questionnaire survey from 83 households in the Lusaka and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia.Findings: While the findings did not show a significant correlation between cost perception and adoption of solar energy solutions, the households who had adopted solar energy solutions had a relatively higher income than those who had not adopted solar energy.Limitations: The study focused on a small number of potential explanatory variables for solar energy adoption. Future studies should explore the inter and intra relationships between the variables and solar energy adoption.Practical implications: The findings have practical and policy implications as they help understand factors that can increase the uptake of solar energy solutions in the housing sector. Originality: The study contributes to the understanding of factors impacting on solar energy adoption in the Zambian housing sector |
| Keywords: | Solar Energy; sustainable development, renewable energy, the housing sector |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2021–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:afr:wpaper:2021-005&r= |
| By: | Florence Jaumotte; Weifeng Liu; Warwick J. McKibbin |
| Abstract: | The paper examines climate mitigation strategies to reach net-zero emissions by mid-century, focusing on smoothing macroeconomic costs in the short- to medium-term - the horizon relevant for policymakers. It explores a comprehensive policy package, which complements carbon pricing with an initial green fiscal stimulus, consisting of green public investment and subsidies to renewables production. Model simulations show that thanks to the green public spending, the policy package boosts global output relative to the baseline for the first 15 years of the low-carbon transition. Subsequent transitional output costs resulting from further increases in carbon prices are moderate of the order of 1 percent of baseline global GDP by 2050. The findings suggest that upfront green fiscal packages could help smooth the transition to a low-carbon economy. In the current context of the Covid-19 economic crisis, they would help support the recovery from the crisis and put the global economy on a greener, more sustainable path. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Net-Zero Emissions, Green Infrastructure, Macroeconomics, DSGE, CGE, G-Cubed |
| JEL: | C51 C53 C54 C55 C68 F41 Q51 Q5 |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2021-75&r= |
| By: | Sinha, Avik; Sharif, Arshian; Adhikari, Arnab; Sharma, Ankit |
| Abstract: | Given the developing nations are moving towards attaining the sustainable energy future, the reliance on renewable energy solutions is rising. Therefore, the dependence on traditional fossil fuel-based solutions is getting reduced, and this might have an impact on the energy market commodities. Analyzing this impact might divulge several insights regarding the portfolio decisions, in presence of the transformations in developmental trajectory. In this study, we analyze the cross-quantile dependence of the returns on the energy market commodities and the market returns for Indian financial market over July 31, 2008 to March 31, 2020. For this purpose, we adopt a novel three-stage methodology comprising Dynamic Conditional Correlation GARCH, Cross-quantilogram, and Wavelet Coherence-based models. We find that the market returns have negative effect on returns on the energy market commodities. This impact has been found to be asymmetric in nature. Moreover, the moderating impact of policy uncertainty has been analyzed has been analyzed through partial cross-quantilogram approach, and the outcome shows that the impact remains same under extreme market conditions. The findings have significant portfolio decisions in an energy transition context. |
| Keywords: | India; Energy market commodity; Cross-quantilogram; Uncertainty; Volatility |
| JEL: | Q4 Q5 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:111181&r= |
| By: | Chlechowitz, Mara |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fisisi:s102021&r= |
| By: | Akshaya Jha ⓡ; Louis Preonas ⓡ; Fiona Burlig ⓡ |
| Abstract: | Blackouts impose substantial economic costs in developing countries. This paper advances a new explanation for their continued prevalence: unlike in high-income countries, where regulatory mandates require utilities to satisfy all electricity demand, utilities in developing countries respond to wholesale electricity prices. As a result, misallocation of output across power plants can decrease the quantity of electricity supplied to end-users. We provide empirical support for this explanation using novel data from India, home to the world’s third-largest electricity sector. In contrast to the developed world, we find that Indian wholesale demand is downward-sloping. Reducing supply-side misallocation would increase electricity supply for the average household by 1.7 percent (enough to power 4.6 million additional households). Justifying a mandate that utilities must satisfy all end-use demand would require consumers to value electricity far above the cost of diesel backup generation. However, such a mandate would likely be cost-effective if paired with supply-side reforms. |
| JEL: | L94 O13 Q41 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29610&r= |
| By: | Stepan Mikula; Mariola Pytlikova |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the causal effects of air pollution on migration by exploiting a natural experiment in which desulfurization technologies were rapidly implemented in coal-burning power plants in the Czech Republic in the 1990s. These technologies substantially decreased air pollution levels without per se affecting economic activity. The results based on a difference-in-differences estimator imply that improvements in air quality reduced emigration from previously heavily polluted municipalities by 24%. We find that the effect of air pollution on emigration tended to be larger in municipalities with weaker social capital and fewer man-made amenities. Thus, our results imply that strengthening social capital and investing in better facilities and public services could partially mitigate depopulation responses to air pollution. Finally, we look at heterogeneous migratory responses to air pollution by education and age and find some evidence that the more educated tend to be more sensitive to air pollution in their settlement behavior. |
| Keywords: | air pollution; migration; natural experiment; |
| JEL: | Q53 J61 O15 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cer:papers:wp714&r= |
| By: | Jie Xiong (ESSCA - Groupe ESSCA); Shuyan Zhao (Shenzhen Longhua Aiyi School); Yan Meng (Grenoble Ecole de Management); Lu Xu (CleRMa - Clermont Recherche Management - ESC Clermont-Ferrand - École Supérieure de Commerce (ESC) - Clermont-Ferrand - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Seong-Young Kim (ESC Rennes School of Business - ESC Rennes School of Business) |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03469528&r= |
| By: | Behrang Shirizadeh; Quentin Perrier; Philippe Quirion (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Date: | 2022–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03100326&r= |
| By: | Cecilia Bellora; Lionel Fontagné (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | On March 10, 2021, the European Parliament adopted a resolution on the border carbon adjustment mechanism that the European Commission committed to setting up. How would this adjustment work and what would be its consequences? By reducing the incentive to displace production of high-emitting products to countries with little or no carbon tax, the carbon adjustment mechanism would reduce "carbon leakage" but increase the price of carbon in the European Union (EU). Therefore, European industries that use as inputs goods subject either to the carbon tax or to the carbon adjustment are at risk of a loss of competitiveness. However, the main challenge in addressing climate change is the participation of the major emitting countries in the effort to abate greenhouse-gas emissions. While the European mechanism could help the EU in strengthening its emissionreduction targets, it is above all the compliance of the United States with the commitments made in the Paris Agreement that will make it possible to save one year's worth of global emissions by 2035, pending a more concrete commitment from China. |
| Abstract: | Le Parlement européen vient d'adopter une résolution concernant le mécanisme d'ajustement carbone à la frontière que la Commission européenne s'est engagée à mettre en place. Quel pourrait être son fonctionnement et quelles en seraient les conséquences ? En réduisant l'incitation à déplacer la production des produits fortement émissifs vers des pays ne taxant pas, ou peu, le carbone, le mécanisme d'ajustement carbone devrait diminuer les « fuites de carbone », mais augmenter le prix du carbone dans l'Union européenne (UE). Une perte de compétitivité pour les industries européennes utilisant comme intrants les biens soumis à la taxe carbone ou au mécanisme d'ajustement n'est donc pas à exclure. Mais l'enjeu principal pour la préservation du climat est la participation des grands pays émetteurs à l'effort de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Si le mécanisme européen est de nature à permettre à l'UE de renforcer ses objectifs de réduction d'émissions, c'est surtout le respect des engagements pris dans l'accord de Paris par les États-Unis qui permettra d'économiser une année d'émissions mondiales d'ici à 2035, dans l'attente d'un engagement plus concret de la Chine |
| Keywords: | International Trade,Climate Change,Commerce international,changement climatique |
| Date: | 2021–02–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03436004&r= |
| By: | Hirose, Kosuke; Matsumura, Toshihiro |
| Abstract: | We theoretically investigate how common ownership (or the extent of collusion in an industry) affects firms' voluntary commitment with emission restrictions and emissions abatement activities in an oligopoly. We find that common ownership reduces emissions by reducing output, and may stimulate emissions abatement activities if the degree of common ownership is small. However, significant common ownership always reduces emissions abatement activities. Additionally, common ownership may or may not improve welfare, depending on the implicit carbon cost. |
| Keywords: | corporate social responsibility, anticompetitive effect, voluntary emissions cap, emissions abatement |
| JEL: | L13 M14 Q57 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:111120&r= |
| By: | Yu, Bo (Deakin University); Tran, Trang (University of Maryland at College Park); Lee, Wang-Sheng (Monash University) |
| Abstract: | Following market liberalisation, the vehicle population in China has increased dramatically over the past few decades. This paper examines the causal impact of the opening of a heavily used high speed rail line connecting two megacities in China in 2015, Chengdu and Chongqing, on air pollution. We use high-frequency and high spatial resolution data to track pollution along major highways linking the two cities. Our approach involves the use of an augmented regression discontinuity in time approach applied on data that have been through a meteorological normalisation process. This deweathering process involves applying machine learning techniques to account for change in meteorology in air quality time series data. Our estimates show that air pollution is reduced by 7.6% along the main affected highway. We simultaneously find increased levels of ozone pollution which is likely due to the reduction in nitrogen dioxide levels that occurred. These findings are supported using a difference-in-difference approach. |
| Keywords: | air pollution, China, green infrastructure, high-speed railway, regression discontinuity, machine learning |
| JEL: | L92 O18 Q53 Q54 R41 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14900&r= |
| By: | Philippe Quirion (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Behrang Shirizadeh |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03495892&r= |
| By: | Tong Zhang; Paul J. Burke |
| Abstract: | This study estimates the effect of gasoline prices on road deaths by vehicle mode using annual data for 62 countries for 2000–2018 and all states of the United States (US) for 1998–2018. Higher gasoline prices are associated with fewer overall road deaths. The proportional effect on motorcyclist deaths tends to be smaller or even have the opposite sign, especially in countries that are not highly dependent on motorcycles. For the US, a positive effect of gasoline prices on motorcyclist deaths is found, with an elasticity of about 0.3. There is also a positive relationship between gasoline prices and motorcycle registrations in the US. The results confirm that additional attention towards motorcyclist safety is warranted in times of high fuel prices. |
| Keywords: | fuel price, road deaths, motorcyclist deaths, fuel efficient |
| JEL: | R41 H23 Q43 |
| Date: | 2021–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2021-79&r= |
| By: | Yahyaoui, Ismahen |
| Abstract: | The study tries to evaluate empirically, the impact of ICT and economic growth on CO2 emissions of Tunisia and Morocco for the period 1980-2018, based on the Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) analysis. Findings demonstrate that ICT and economic growth affect positively and significantly the CO2 emissions in the short and long term both in Tunisia and Morocco. However, these direct and negative effects of economic growth and ICT on environmental quality may be decreased by introducing the interaction between ICT and economic growth. So, policy makers should adopt such policies that help to reduce CO2emissions by enhancing the use of ICT for economic growth. |
| Keywords: | Economic growth, ICT, CO2 emissions, Tunisia, Morocco, ARDL. |
| JEL: | A1 |
| Date: | 2021–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:111177&r= |
| By: | Mark Budolfson (Rutgers School of Public Health); Francis Dennig (Yale-NUS College); Frank Errickson (University of California [Berkeley] - University of California, Princeton University); Simon Feindt (MCC - Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change - PIK - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, TU - Technische Universität Berlin); Maddalena Ferranna (Harvard School of Public Health - Department of Global Health and Population [Boston, MA, USA] - Harvard University [Cambridge]); Marc Fleurbaey (PSE - Paris School of Economics - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); David Klenert (JRC - European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Seville]); Ulrike Kornek (MCC - Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change - PIK - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, PIK - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research); Kevin Kuruc (OU - University of Oklahoma); Aurélie Méjean (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Wei Peng (Penn State - Pennsylvania State University - Penn State System); Noah Scovronick (Emory University [Atlanta, GA]); Dean Spears (University of Texas at Austin [Austin]); Fabian Wagner (IIASA - International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg]); Stéphane Zuber (PSE - Paris School of Economics - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Existing estimates of optimal climate policy ignore the possibility that carbon tax revenues could be used in a progressive way; model results therefore typically imply that near-term climate action comes at some cost to the poor. Using the Nested Inequalities Climate Economy (NICE) model, we show that an equal per capita refund of carbon tax revenues implies that achieving a 2 °C target can pay large and immediate dividends for improving well-being, reducing inequality and alleviating poverty. In an optimal policy calculation that weighs the benefits against the costs of mitigation, the recommended policy is characterized by aggressive near-term climate action followed by a slower climb towards full decarbonization; this pattern—which is driven by a carbon revenue Laffer curve—prevents runaway warming while also preserving tax revenues for redistribution. Accounting for these dynamics corrects a long-standing bias against strong immediate climate action in the optimal policy literature |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03483584&r= |
| By: | Lionel Fontagné (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Erica Perego; Gianluca Santoni |
| Abstract: | Pandemics, global warming, food security, ageing, depletion of certain raw materials... our economies are faced with global problems, calling for long term actions and raising intergenerational issues. To guide economic policies, it is therefore essential to have a sound framework for reflection. The MaGE (Macroeconometrics of the Global Economy) model, developed by CEPII, makes it possible to draw the fundamental trends of the world economy in the long term, up to 2050. Assuming that the current dynamics of growth and technological catch-up will continue, and taking into account demographic dynamics, the balance of economic power will be strongly transformed over the next generation. Above all, energy consumption is expected to continue to grow at a sustained rate, and even double, despite efforts to improve energy efficiency. Ambitious policies to decarbonize our economies will be necessary to make these prospects for economic growth sustainable. |
| Keywords: | Energy efficiency,Growth models,Long-term growth,Energy use,Total Factor Productivity |
| Date: | 2021–12–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-03474032&r= |
| By: | Olatunji A. Shobande (University of Aberdeen, UK); Simplice A. Asongu (Yaoundé, Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | The struggle to combat climate change remains complex and challenging. Currently, two climate change approaches, namely, mitigation and adaptation, have been widely supported. These are empirical, requiring further explanation of the main drivers of carbon emissions. This research seeks to tackle this problem by providing a strategy to reduce climate change impacts. This study contributes to the existing empirical literature in several ways. It investigates whether education and information and communication technology (ICT) matter to promote environmental sustainability in the Eastern and Southern Africa. The empirical evidence is based on the third-generation panel unit root test and panel cointegration tests that account for the potential issue of structural breaks in the series. We further dissect the long and short run dynamics using the panel Granger causality approach. Our findings show the possibility of using education and clean technology investment in a complementary strategy for mitigating carbon emissions and promoting environmental sustainability in the sampled countries. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Sustainability; ICT; Education; Eastern Africa; Southern Africa |
| JEL: | C52 O38 O40 O55 P37 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:22/006&r= |
| By: | Élodie Gigout (i3-CRG - Centre de recherche en gestion i3 - X - École polytechnique - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Julie Mayer (i3-CRG - Centre de recherche en gestion i3 - X - École polytechnique - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Hervé Dumez (i3-CRG - Centre de recherche en gestion i3 - X - École polytechnique - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Self-consumption, an emerging practice, is considered to be a lever for the energy transition. Paradoxically however, its development on a large scale is controversial. Defined as an entity's consumption of the energy that it has produced locally, the launching of self-consumption has encountered problems and stirred up controversies among all players in the energy sector in France. Schot & Geels' (2007) concept of "strategic niche management" is used to shed on this new theme. The self-consumption of electricity is taken to be a window of opportunity for an experimentation that might, under specific conditions, help to deeply change the established system. Identifying the niche to be used to transform a system is easy to do ex post ; but choosing a niche while it is still a niche is a matter, we assume, of lively debate. How do actors, through the discourses that orient their practices, take sides in this debate about self-consumption ? On the one side, those who want a controlled development of the niche and, on the other side, those who want to change the system… |
| Abstract: | Considérée comme un levier de la transition énergétique, l'autoconsommation (AC) constitue une pratique émergente dont le développement à grande échelle est paradoxalement controversé. Définie comme le fait de consommer sa propre énergie produite localement, l'AC peine encore aujourd'hui à décoller et suscite de nombreux débats de la part de l'ensemble des acteurs de la filière en France. Cet article se propose d'éclairer ce nouvel objet qu'est l'autoconsommation électrique, à partir de la notion de « niche » de transition (Schot et Geels, 2007), c'est-à-dire un espace d'expérimentation capable de contribuer, sous certaines conditions, à transformer en profondeur un système établi. Identifier la niche qui a conduit à la transformation d'un système est aisé a posteriori. Mais on peut supposer qu'une niche, au moment où elle n'est encore qu'une niche, suscite des débats nourris. Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à l'AC dans cette perspective : comment les acteurs, par leurs discours qui orientent leurs pratiques, s'affrontent-ils, entre ceux qui veulent un développement maîtrisé de la niche et ceux qui veulent la transformation du système ? |
| Keywords: | Selfconsumption,MLP,niche,energy transition,Autoconsommation,transition énergétique |
| Date: | 2021–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03450101&r= |
| By: | Nakamura, Ryota (Hitotsubashi University); Albanese, Andrea (LISER); Coombes, Emma (University of East Anglia); Suhrcke, Marc (University of York) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the impact of economic incentives on travel-related physical activity, leveraging the London Congestion Charge's disincentivising of sedentary travel modes via increasing the cost of private car use within Central London. The scheme imposes charges on most types of cars entering, exiting and operating within the Central London area, while individuals living inside the charging zone are eligible for a 90% reduction in congestion charges. Geographical location information provides the full-digit postcode data necessary to precisely identify the eligibility for the discount of participants in the London Travel Demand Survey for the period 2005–2011. Using a boundary regression-discontinuity design reveals a statistically significant but small impact on active commuting (i.e. cycling and walking) around the border of the charging zone. The effect is larger for lower-income households and car owners. The findings are robust against multiple specifications and validation tests. |
| Keywords: | economic incentive, health behaviour, London Congestion Charge, geographical information system, regression-discontinuity |
| JEL: | D04 I12 R48 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14957&r= |
| By: | M Goujon (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - UCA [2017-2020] - Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Edouard Mien (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne) |
| Abstract: | This paper surveys the "Dutch disease" literature in developing and emerging countries. It describes the original model of Dutch disease and some main extensions proposed in the theoretical literature, focusing on the ones that match developing countries' conditions. It then reviews various empirical studies that have been conducted and provides evidence that the Dutch disease is still an issue for many developing countries. Finally, it discusses the gaps in the theoretical and empirical literature for understanding the suitable policy instruments to cope with Dutch disease. |
| Keywords: | Real exchange rate. JEL Codes: O13 • O14 • Q32 • Q33,Resource curse,Structural transformations,Natural resources,Dutch disease |
| Date: | 2021–11–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03456562&r= |
| By: | Mark Budolfson (Department of Philosophy, Rutgers University); Francis Dennig (Yale-NUS College); Frank Errickson (Princeton's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs - Princeton University); Simon Feindt (MCC - Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change - PIK - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research); Maddalena Ferranna (Harvard School of Public Health); Marc Fleurbaey (PSE - Paris School of Economics - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); David Klenert (JRC - European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Seville]); Ulrike Kornek (Kiel University); Kevin Kuruc (OU - University of Oklahoma); Aurélie Méjean (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Wei Peng (Penn State - Pennsylvania State University - Penn State System); Noah Scovronick (Emory University [Atlanta, GA]); Dean Spears (University of Texas at Austin [Austin]); Fabian Wagner (IIASA - International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg]); Stéphane Zuber (PSE - Paris School of Economics - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Date: | 2021–11–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03462773&r= |
| By: | Thabelo Ramantswana; Yamkela Blou; Ntombi Mtshali; Kabelo Modise |
| Abstract: | Purpose: People spend about 80% to 90% of their time indoors, and studies have shown that a range of comfort and health-related effects are related to building's features. The idea around green buildings is to ensure that the indoor environment is favourable to the occupants. Green buildings have been increasing in the US, Australia, and Europe for several years. However, in South Africa, green building is still a relatively new concept although its direct impact on occupants' safety, well-being, and efficiency on problems of both physical and non-physical indoor environmental quality (IEQ) (thermal, acoustic, visual, and air quality, etc.) has been studied. Although there are several studies conducted focussing on different aspects of Green Buildings, there is still not enough consideration given to IEQ of green buildings on occupants’ comfort in South Africa. This paper explores the effects of IEQ in green office buildings on occupants' comfort.Design/Methodology: This study targets all (69) GBCSA certified green office buildings in South Africa. The respondents were all employees of green accredited buildings. The survey was used to gather information on the occupants' satisfaction regarding the IEQ factors of the green office building space they are usingFindings: The results show that many participants developed sicknesses from the buildings they work from, and they were not satisfied with the ability to alter the lighting in their workspace. Regardless of these factors, the overall perception of occupants in green office buildings regarding IEQ factors is that they are satisfied. The results show that occupants may not be overly satisfied with some IEQ factors in their green offices, but they are still satisfied with their workspace in general.Practical implications: This research will assist in identifying IEQ factors that have an effect on occupants’ comfort and well-being in South African certified green office buildings. The findings might help designers incorporate IEQ factors into their design plan and life cycle of the building and use the study results to improve on the IEQ areas where the occupants were dissatisfied. |
| Keywords: | Green Buildings; Indoor Environmental Quality; occupant satisfaction; Post Occupancy Evaluation; Wellbeing |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2021–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:afr:wpaper:2021-011&r= |
| By: | Hossein Hosseini; Craig Johnston; Craig Logan; Miguel Molico; Xiangjin Shen; Marie-Christine Tremblay |
| Abstract: | The Bank of Canada and the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions completed a climate scenario analysis pilot project with the collaboration of six Canadian financial institutions. The project aimed to increase understanding of the financial sector’s potential exposure to risks in transitioning to a low-carbon economy and to help build the capabilities of authorities and financial institutions in assessing climate-related risks. To support the broader financial-sector community in building these capabilities, this report provides detail on the methodologies the pilot used to assess credit and market risks, which were informed by the financial impacts generated by the climate transition scenarios. The method to assess credit risk combined top-down and bottom-up approaches. Variables from the climate transition scenarios were first translated into sector-level financial impacts. The financial institutions then used these impacts to estimate the implications on credit outcomes through borrower-level assessments. Using the transition scenarios’ financial impacts, and the stressed credit outcomes, the project estimated a relationship between climate transition information and credit risk. This was used to calculate expected credit losses at the portfolio level. The method to assess market risk was solely top-down. Using the scenario analysis, the project used a dividend discount model to estimate sectoral equity revaluations, which it then applied to equity portfolio holdings. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Financial stability; Econometric and statistical methods; Credit and credit aggregates |
| JEL: | C C5 C53 C83 G G1 G32 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bca:bocatr:120&r= |
| By: | Pestel, Nico (ROA, Maastricht University); Oswald, Andrew J. (University of Warwick) |
| Abstract: | Climate change is sometimes viewed as the most serious problem facing modern society. The science behind anthropogenic global warming has been understood for more than half a century. Yet relatively few economists work on topics related to climate change. What explains this (apparent) lack of interest from economists? Here we report the results of a survey to try to understand economists' views and actions. More than 90% of respondents state that they are concerned about climate change. Our survey then asks the respondents why they have not done research on the topic. The most frequent response (given by approximately 80% of economists) is that they do not feel they have enough time and resources to be able to work on climate change. We discuss possible explanations and concerns. |
| Keywords: | climate change, economics |
| JEL: | A11 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14885&r= |
| By: | BIANCHI Guia (European Commission - JRC); PISIOTIS Ulrike; CABRERA GIRALDEZ Marcelino (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The development of a European sustainability competence framework is one of the policy actions set out in the European Green Deal as a catalyst to promote learning on environmental sustainability in the European Union. GreenComp identifies a set of sustainability competences to feed into education programmes to help learners develop knowledge, skills and attitudes that promote ways to think, plan and act with empathy, responsibility, and care for our planet and for public health. This work began with a literature review and drew on several consultations with experts and stakeholders working in the field of sustainability education and lifelong learning. The results presented in this report form a framework for learning for environmental sustainability that can be applied in any learning context. The report shares working definitions of sustainability and learning for environmental sustainability that forms the basis for the framework to build consensus and bridge the gap between experts and other stakeholders. GreenComp comprises four interrelated competence areas: ‘embodying sustainability values’, ‘embracing complexity in sustainability’, ‘envisioning sustainable futures’ and ‘acting for sustainability’. Each area comprises three competences that are interlinked and equally important. GreenComp is designed to be a non-prescriptive reference for learning schemes fostering sustainability as a competence. |
| Keywords: | Green skills, Key Competences, Sustainability Competences, Education for sustainability, GreenComp |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc128040&r= |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report provides an overview of technological, operational and policy measures that can accelerate the decarbonisation of aviation. Its goal is to support governments and aviation stakeholders looking to introduce aviation decarbonisation measures regionally, nationally and internationally. All measures are discussed in light of their cost-effectiveness and the potential barriers to their implementation. The report summarises the conclusions from an expert workshop held in February 2020 as part of the International Transport Forum’s Decarbonising Transport initiative. |
| Date: | 2021–07–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaab:94-en&r= |
| By: | Olivier Boissin (CREG - Centre de recherche en économie de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Sur la base d'un dialogue imaginaire, cet ouvrage est un écrit léger sur des questions qui ne le sont pas. Entre chiffres et étoiles, un écrit « off » sous le signe d'un Vintage 1950-1970, ces années fondatrices de nos sociétés de consommation, de destruction, de création, et de couleurs aussi. Vol 1 : Les chiffres Chapitre 1- Mesurer Chapitre 2- Voitures et caddies Chapitre 3- Green Deal ou suicide collectif ? Les outils de l'intervention publique Vol 2 : Noire Magie Chapitre 4- Noir charbon, partons en Chine Chapitre 5- L'environnement en grand angle : la nouvelle Triade Chapitre 6- Des sociétés en effondrement ? Vol 3 : Les étoiles Chapitre 7- Place aux étoiles Chapitre 8- Et la France dans tout cela ? Chapitre 9- Le développement durable pour les nuls |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03459404&r= |
| By: | Richard Harding (Carbon to Zero Consulting SRL,Romania); Claire Nauwelaers; Caroline Cohen (European Commission - JRC); Isabelle Seigneur (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this study is to illustrate the role played by Smart Specialisation Strategies (S3) to foster environmentally oriented activities through the examination of inspiring examples from different European Member States. The report presents ten inspiring examples and highlights how stakeholders from various territorial levels across Europe are using the Smart Specialisation concept to deliver their own innovation-driven green transition agendas, detailing specific policy tools and incentives developed in this context. The selected cases provide insights into the role played by multi-level governance and enhanced stakeholder involvement in the Entrepreneurial Discovery Process (EDP), and/or Smart Specialisation Monitoring and Evaluation mechanisms in fostering the implementation of experimental ‘green’ interventions. They demonstrate that even though the S3 concept was not initially designed with a strong environmental focus, different types of territories have successfully used the S3 approach to promote environment-related priorities. In particular, the circular economy appears as a recurring transversal driver and a source of economic gains in many territories. |
| Keywords: | Smart Specialisation, environmental policies, territorial development |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc123169&r= |
| By: | Julia Anna Bingler (ETH Zürich - CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research at ETH Zurich); Mathias Kraus (University of Erlangen-Nuremberg-Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen Nürnberg); Markus Leippold (University of Zurich; Swiss Finance Institute - University of Zurich); Nicolas Webersinke (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg) |
| Abstract: | Corporate climate disclosures based on the TCFD recommendations are considered an important prerequisite to managing climate-related financial risks. At the same time, current disclosures are imprecise, inaccurate, and greenwashing-prone. Yet, existing research on this matter suffers from small samples or inaccuracies. Therefore, we introduce a scalable deep learning approach to enable comprehensive climate disclosure analyses of large samples by fine-tuning the ClimateBert model. Our model significantly outperforms previous approaches. We then extract the amount of cheap talk, defined as the share of precise versus imprecise climate commitments, of 14,584 annual reports of the MSCI World index firms from 2010 to 2020. Finally, we use this data to test various hypotheses on the drivers of cheap talk. We find that institutional ownership, targeted institutional investor engagement, materiality and downside risk disclosures are associated with less cheap talk. Signaling by publicly supporting the TCFD is associated with more cheap talk. |
| Keywords: | Corporate climate disclosures, voluntary reporting, commitments, TCFD recommendations, textual analysis, natural language processing. |
| JEL: | G2 G38 C8 M48 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2201&r= |