|
on Energy Economics |
| By: | Christina Littlejohn; Stef Proost |
| Abstract: | The transport sector is the only sector where carbon emissions continue to grow. This has led policy makers to propose ambitious policies to reduce emissions in the car sector, in particular fuel efficiency standards, portfolio mandates for Electric Vehicles and purchase taxes or subsidies. A portfolio mandate describes a minimum quota of annual electric vehicle sales. We use a two-period model for the car manufacturing sector to compare the cost efficiency of these policies. The model has gasoline fuelled cars (GV) compete with battery electric cars (EV). Both types of cars have endogenous technological progress that is triggered by environmental policies, including tradable fuel efficiency standards, portfolio mandates, carbon taxes, purchase taxes and R&D subsidies. EVs can serve as batteries that permit grid operators to shift off peak (renewable) electricity to peak hour supply. The model is calibrated to evaluate the EU policy to reduce average carbon emissions of cars by 37,5% in 2030. We assess the cost-efficiency of three types of policy instruments evaluating production costs, fuel costs, and externalities. We find that a fuel efficiency standard targeting gasoline cars achieves emission reductions at a much lower cost than a portfolio mandate for Electric cars. |
| Keywords: | electric vehicles, EU climate policy, climate change, portfolio mandate, R&D |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_7789&r=all |
| By: | Baiardi, Donatella |
| Abstract: | Yes, they matter. To reply to this question, we assess the impact of energy efficiency and renewable energy policies on six different air pollutants: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxides (N2O), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) in the case of the Italian provinces in the decade 2005-2015. The empirical analysis is performed in a panel data context by means of propensity score matching with multiple treatment, since our framework is characterized by the presence of two treatments, corresponding to the two different energy policies analyzed, i.e. energy efficiency policy and renewable policy. These two policies can be applied by each province as mutually exclusive strategies or as joint strategies. Our results show that renewable policies are the most efficient in terms of climate goals especially when planned on a local scale, while energy efficiency policies alone are ineffective. Moreover, the success of these policies depends on the type of pollutant to be reduced. Finally, we note that the effect of these two policies was reinforced by the counter-cyclical fiscal policies implemented to contrast the Global Financial Crisis in 2008. |
| Keywords: | Energy efficiency policies,Renewable energy policies,Global air pollutants,Local air pollutants,Propensity score matching with multiple treatment,Italian provinces |
| JEL: | Q50 Q40 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:202077&r=all |
| By: | Toshi H. Arimura (Faculty of Political Science and Economics & Research Institute for Environmental Economics and Management (RIEEM), Waseda University, 1?6?1 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169?8050, Japan.); Tatsuya Abe (Graduate School of Economics, Waseda University, 1-6-1 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan.) |
| Abstract: | The Tokyo ETS is the first emission trading scheme to control GHG emissions from office buildings. Although the Tokyo government claimed that Tokyo ETS had been successful, some argued that the emission reduction under Tokyo ETS was actually the result of electric power price increases triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. Using a facility-level data set for Japanese office buildings, we conducted an econometric analysis to examine the impact of Tokyo ETS. We found that half of the emission reduction is a result of the ETS, while the rest of the reduction is due to the electricity power price increase. Another unique feature of Tokyo ETS is that an accurate permit price is not publicly available due to its design. Using our estimated model, we found that the price is approximately $50 per ton of CO2 in the early phase. |
| Keywords: | Emission Trading Scheme, Electricity, Micro Data, Office buildings, Climate Change |
| JEL: | Q54 Q41 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:was:dpaper:1908&r=all |
| By: | Cloete, Schalk; Hirth, Lion |
| Abstract: | Capital-intensive CO2 capture plants become uneconomical at the low running hours implied by a renewables-based power system. To address this challenge, the novel gas switching reforming (GSR) power and hydrogen plant was recently proposed. When electricity is scarce, GSR generates power. When electricity is abundant, rather than shutting down, GSR keeps operating and produces hydrogen instead, maintaining a high capacity factor for all CO2 capture, transport, and storage infrastructure. This study assesses the interplay between this flexible GSR technology and variable renewables using a power system model. The model optimizes investment and hourly dispatch of 13 different technologies to minimize total system costs. Results show that the inclusion of GSR brings substantial benefits relative to conventional CO2 capture. When a CO2 price of €100/ton is implemented, inclusion of GSR increases the optimal wind and solar share from 32% to 47%, lowers total system costs by 8%, and reduces total system emissions from 45 to 4 kgCO2/MWh. In addition, GSR produces clean hydrogen equivalent to about 90% of total electricity demand, which can be used to decarbonize transport and industry. GSR could therefore become a key enabling technology for a decarbonization effort led by wind and solar power. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:202076&r=all |
| By: | Germeshausen, Robert; Wölfing, Nikolas |
| Abstract: | The parameterisation of energy and climate policies often depends on the technology, which is price-setting in electricity markets. We propose two simple approaches to determine marginal technologies in electricity wholesale from available data. Both approaches are complementary, computationally lightweight, and do not require specific software. Identification is based upon assumptions which are commonly used in more complex energy system models and which vary according to the approach. We illustrate the relevance of our approach for consistent policy parameterization with an example from the compensation scheme for indirect emission costs from the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). We find that the current policy design severely overweighs CO2 emissions from lignite power plants in the CWE power market. |
| Keywords: | marginal technology,price formation,power market,indirect cost compensation |
| JEL: | Q41 Q48 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:19031&r=all |
| By: | Matthias Jordan; Volker Lenz; Markus Millinger; Katja Oehmichen; Daniela Thr\"an |
| Abstract: | Meeting the defined greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets in Germany is only possible by switching to renewable technologies in the energy sector. A major share of that reduction needs to be covered by the heat sector, which accounts for ~35% of the energy based emissions in Germany. Biomass is the renewable key player in the heterogeneous heat sector today. Its properties such as weather independency, simple storage and flexible utilization open up a wide field of applications for biomass. However, in a future heat sector fulfilling GHG reduction targets and energy sectors being increasingly connected: which bioenergy technology concepts are competitive options against other renewable heating systems? In this paper, the cost optimal allocation of the limited German biomass potential is investigated under longterm scenarios using a mathematical optimization approach. The model results show that bioenergy can be a competitive option in the future. Especially the use of biomass from residues can be highly competitive in hybrid combined heat and power (CHP) pellet combustion plants in the private household sector. However, towards 2050, wood based biomass use in high temperature industry applications is found to be the most cost efficient way to reduce heat based emissions by 95% in 2050. |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1908.10065&r=all |
| By: | Anthony Wiskich |
| Abstract: | This paper describes an integrated assessment model with an unknown temperature threshold where severe and irreversible climate impacts, called a tipping point, occurs. The possibility of tipping leads to the following linked outcomes: a prolonged period of peak temperature; a rebound in emissions prior to and during peak temperature; and a fall in the optimal carbon tax as a ratio of output prior to and during peak temperature. Although tipping can occur in any period where temperature rises to a new maximum, the optimal carbon price can be calculated from future temperature outcomes conditional on no tipping. Learning that tipping has not occurred lowers the tax. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, tipping points, optimal policy, optimal taxes |
| JEL: | H23 O44 Q30 Q40 Q54 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2019-64&r=all |
| By: | Pestel, Nico (IZA); Wozny, Florian (IZA) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies health effects from restricting the access of high-emission vehicles to innercities by implementing Low Emission Zones. For identification, we exploit variation in the timing and the spatial distribution of the introduction of new Low Emission Zones across cities in Germany. We use detailed hospitalization data combined with geo-coded information on the coverage of Low Emission Zones. We find that Low Emission Zones significantly reduce levels of air pollution in urban areas and that these improvements in air quality translate into population health benefits. The number of diagnoses related to air pollution is significantly reduced for hospitals located within or in close proximity to a Low Emission Zone after it becomes effective. The results are mainly driven by reductions in chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. |
| Keywords: | Low Emission Zone, air pollution, health, Germany |
| JEL: | I18 Q52 Q53 |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp12545&r=all |
| By: | Schillinger, Moritz (University of Basel); Weigt, Hannes (University of Basel) |
| Abstract: | In an electricity system, demand and supply have to be balanced in real time. Since most energy is traded before real time already in forward, day-ahead and intraday markets imbalances can occur. To ensure the balance between demand and supply even if power plants deviate from their schedules, the system operator procures balancing capacity and energy in balancing markets. The market outcomes may significantly differ from one country to the other depending on the underlying generation technologies and market design. In this paper, we have a look at the balancing market prices of a hydro-dominated electricity system using Switzerland as a case study. By using a short-term hydropower operation model and a set of Swiss hydropower plants, we are able to identify a competitive benchmark for Swiss balancing market prices defined by the opportunity costs of hydropower for providing balancing capacity. Our results show that Swiss balancing market prices are influenced by several drivers but do not hint at any market imperfections. |
| Keywords: | hydropower ; cross-market optimization ; balancing ; Switzerland |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bsl:wpaper:2019/13&r=all |
| By: | Schillinger, Moritz (University of Basel) |
| Abstract: | In 2017, the Swiss electorate voted to transition the Swiss energy system towards energy efficiency and renewable energy resources. This transition entails many changes to the existing energy technologies and the supporting markets. In particular, this paper focuses on the Swiss electricity balancing markets and their adaptation in the context of the energy transition. I use an operational model for a set of Swiss hydropower plants to quantify the opportunity costs of balancing provision for hydropower under the past, current, and future Swiss balancing market designs. My results show that compared to the former balancing market design, significant cost savings can be achieved by the planned modifications. In addition, I show how the opportunity cost dynamics may change in the future with an increasing share of variable renewable energy in the system. |
| Date: | 2019–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bsl:wpaper:2019/14&r=all |
| By: | Anthony Wiskich |
| Abstract: | Different optimal tax paths for short-lived methane and long-lived carbon arise in a cost-benefit framework with an unknown temperature threshold where severe and irreversible climate impacts, called a tipping point, occurs. Tax paths are compared with a cost minimising approach where an upper-temperature limit is set. In both approaches, the weight (ratio) of methane to carbon taxes converge to the same value by the end of the peak temperature stabilisation period. Numerical results from the cost-benefit framework suggest: the optimal weight is close to the current United Nations policy of a 100-year Global Warming Potential; and the time-frame should decrease to align with the expected end of peak temperature. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, tipping points, optimal policy, optimal taxes, global warming potential |
| JEL: | H23 O44 Q30 Q40 Q54 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2019-65&r=all |
| By: | Hamed Ghoddusi (School of Business, Stevens Institute of Technology); Franz Wirl (Energy Environment, Faculty of Business, Economics and Statistics, University of Vienna) |
| Abstract: | Should oil-rich members of OPEC invest in the oil refinery industry? This is a crucial energy policy question for such economies. We offer theoretical models for a vertical integration strategy within an oil-producing economy, based on a risk-hedging view. The first model highlights the trade-off between return and risk-reduction features of upstream/downstream sectors. The dynamic model demonstrates the volatility of total budgetary revenue of each sector. Our theory-guided empirical analysis shows that though the average markup in the refining sector is significantly smaller than the profits in the upstream, downstream investment can provide some hedging value. In particular, the more stable and mean-reverting refining margins provide a partial revenue cushion when crude oil prices are low. We discuss the risk-hedging feature of the refinery industry when the crude oil market faces supply versus demand shocks. |
| Date: | 2019–08–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1327&r=all |
| By: | Minda Ma; Weiguang Cai |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to investigate the factors that can mitigate carbon-dioxide (CO2) intensity and further assess CMRBS in China based on a household scale via decomposition analysis. Here we show that: Three types of housing economic indicators and the final emission factor significantly contributed to the decrease in CO2 intensity in the residential building sector. In addition, the CMRBS from 2001-2016 was 1816.99 MtCO2, and the average mitigation intensity during this period was 266.12 kgCO2/household/year. Furthermore, the energy-conservation and emission-mitigation strategy caused CMRBS to effectively increase and is the key to promoting a more significant emission mitigation in the future. Overall, this paper covers the CMRBS assessment gap in China, and the proposed assessment model can be regarded as a reference for other countries and cities for measuring the retrospective CO2 mitigation effect in residential buildings. |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1909.01249&r=all |
| By: | Fethi Amri (University of Carthage, Faculty of Economics and Management of Nabeul) |
| Abstract: | This study examines the relationship between innovation and environmental sustainability in Tunisia over the 1971-2014 period. For this reason, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) with break-point method and the Granger causality tests are performed. In the current study, the total patent is considered as a measure of innovation. Our outcome goes in the direction of non-acceptance of the Kuznets hypothesis. In addition, the impact of energy consumption on CO2 emissions is positive. Moreover, even if the effect of technological innovation is directly insignificant, it indirectly contributes to lessen the effect of energy consumption. Furthermore, in the long and short terms, there are feedback links between economic growth and energy consumption, between pollution and both economic growth and energy consumption. In the long and short runs, there is also a one-way impact going from technological innovation variable to energy consumption one while there is no causality between technological innovation on the one hand and economic growth and CO2 emissions on the other hand. Consequently, policy makers should stimulate innovatively and enhance technologic capacity in Tunisia. |
| Date: | 2019–08–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1323&r=all |
| By: | Nathan Dahlin; Rahul Jain |
| Abstract: | We consider a two stage market mechanism for trading electricity including renewable generation as an alternative to the widely used multi-settlement market structure. The two stage market structure allows for recourse decisions by the market operator, which is not possible in today's markets. We allow for different generation cost curves in the forward and the real-time stage. We have considered costs of demand response programs, and black outs but have ignored network structure for the sake of simplicity. Our first result is to show existence (by construction) of a sequential competitive equilibrium (SCEq) in such a two-stage market. We then argue social welfare properties of such an SCEq. We then design a market mechanism that achieves social welfare maximization when the market participants are non-strategic. |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1909.00508&r=all |
| By: | Ambec, Stefan (Toulouse School of Economics, University of Toulouse Capitol (INRA) and University of Gothenburg); Coria, Jessica (Department of Economics, School of Business, Economics and Law, Göteborg University) |
| Abstract: | We propose informational spillovers as a new rationale for the use of multiple policy instruments to mitigate a single externality. We investigate the design of a pollution standard when the firms’ abatement costs are unknown and emissions are taxed. A firm might abate pollution beyond what is required by the standard by equalizing its marginal abatement costs to the tax rate, thereby revealing information about its abatement cost. We analyze how a regulator can take advantage of this information to design the standard. In a dynamic setting, the regulator relaxes the initial standard in order to induce more information revelation, which would allow her to set a standard closer to the first best in the second period. Updating standards, though, generates a ratchet effect since the low-cost firms might strategically hide their cost by abating no more than required by the standard. We provide conditions for the separating equilibrium to hold when firms act strategically. We illustrate our theoretical results with the case of NOx regulation in Sweden. We find evidence that the firms that are taxed experience more frequent standard updates. |
| Keywords: | pollution; externalities; asymmetric information; environmental regulation; tax; standards; multiple policies; ratchet effect; nitrogen oxides |
| JEL: | D04 D21 H23 L51 Q48 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:gunwpe:0774&r=all |
| By: | Izabela Styczynska; Karolina Zubel |
| Abstract: | EuroPACE is an innovative financial mechanism inspired by an American building improvement initiative called Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE). The innovative character of the EuroPACE mechanism is that financing through EuroPACE is linked to the taxes paid on a property. In other words, the financing lent by a private investor is repaid through property taxes and other charges related to the buildings. EuroPACE is therefore in line with the EC’s objectives of (1) putting EE first, (2) contributing to the EU’s global leadership, and (3) empowering consumers to enable MS to reach their energy and climate targets for 2030. Last but not least, EuroPACE could contribute to the democratisation of the energy supply by offering cash-flow positive, decentralised EE solutions. The EuroPACE mechanism engages several stakeholders in the process: local government, investors, equipment installers, and homeowners. To establish the EuroPACE programme, several conditions must be satisfied, each of which are relevant for different stakeholder at different stages of the implementation. For the purpose of this report, we divided these criteria into two categories: key criteria, which make the implementation possible, and complementary criteria, which make the implementation easier. For the time being, it is a pure hypothesis to be tested with potential EuroPACE implementation. |
| Keywords: | energy efficiency, local and regional authorities, on-tax financing, property taxation, renewable energy sources, residential retrofits |
| JEL: | G23 H71 O13 O18 R11 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sec:report:0498&r=all |
| By: | Mehdi Abbas (Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales - UPMF - Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 - UJF - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 - IEPG - Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Catherine Locatelli (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | The interdependencies between the EU and its external natural gas suppliers and Russia question the transformative impact of interdependence linked to hybridization processes. Our approach combines theories of institutional change, and French Regulation Theory. These approaches lead to a new look to characterize the way in which the confrontation of two regulatory systems (EU and Russia) is resolved today. The importance of the European market leads however to an adaptation of the Russian governance model for gas exchanges. But it also implies a transformation of the European model. The competitive norm acts as a lever to bring about hybridization of regulations in the Russian gas sector and EU energy policy. |
| Keywords: | Institutional hybridization,natural gas exchanges,relationship between EU and Russia,institutional change |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02272171&r=all |
| By: | Michał Rubaszek (SGH Warsaw School of Economics) |
| Date: | 2019–08–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cth:wpaper:gru_2019_024&r=all |
| By: | Fullerton, Don; Ta, Chi L. |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291235&r=all |
| By: | Mugabe, Douglas; Elbakidze, Levan |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291256&r=all |
| By: | Axenbeck, Janna |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effect of environmental innovations on firm profitability with respect to differences between small and medium-sized (SME) and large (LE) enterprises. Using data from the Mannheim Innovation Panel (MIP) 2015, results show that, in general, SME benefit more from environmental innovations than LE. This effect is particularly strong for resource efficiency-improving innovations induced by regulation. These environmental innovations are significantly related to an increase in profits of SME, whilst related to a decrease in profits of LE. A robustness check with data from the MIP 2009, however, does not confirm this result as the effect for LE is insignificant and differences between the two groups cannot be found in this survey wave. A reason why negative effects for LE are observed in the MIP 2015 - but not in the MIP 2009 - might be that most LE had already exploited the potentials of environmental innovations when they were surveyed in the MIP 2015. This is supported by evidence suggesting that size-related differences in the MIP 2015 are driven by a negative relationship between LE's profits and environmental innovations related to externalities that were reduced by innovations in periods before. |
| Keywords: | Firm Behavior,Firm Size,Porter hypothesis,Environmental Technology Adaption,Technological Innovation,Environmental Regulation |
| JEL: | D22 L25 Q52 Q55 Q58 |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:19033&r=all |
| By: | John J. García Rendón; Alex F. Pérez-Libreros |
| Keywords: | Mercado mayorista de electricidad, Precio spot, Fuentes no convencionales de energía renovables, Emisiones de CO2 |
| JEL: | L11 L22 Q42 D22 |
| Date: | 2019–08–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000122:017393&r=all |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | Embracing new technologies that could enable drastic reductions in GHG emissions will be key to delivering low-emissions pathways for growth, but it is not always obvious what the big breakthroughs will look like. This report looks at how blockchain technology can be applied to support sustainable infrastructure investment that is aligned with climate change objectives. It focuses on three key points: the financing of infrastructure initiatives, the creation of visibility and alignment of climate action, and the provisioning of awareness and access for institutions and consumers. |
| Date: | 2019–09–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaac:16-en&r=all |
| By: | Qian, Xiaodong; Niemeier, Deb |
| Abstract: | Bikeshare programs are increasingly popular in the United States, and they are an important part of sustainable transportation systems. They offer an alternative mode choice for many types of last-mile trips. Most of the current research on bikeshare focuses on benefits (e.g., how to replace auto trips with bike trips and reduce greenhouse gas emissions) and system management (e.g., bike repositioning between stations). Far less attention has been paid to the potential for bikeshare programs to provide greater access to jobs and essential services for underserved communities. To date, there is virtually no quantitative research aimed at designing bikeshare systems for underserved communities. To address this research gap, this study of two cities (Chicago and Philadelphia) first, examines whether bikeshare systems have targeted specific populations, and second, quantitatively assesses the potential for bikeshare systems to provide greater accessibility for underserved communities. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Accessibility, Bicycle facilities, Bicycles, Capital investments, Demographics, Equity (Justice), Location, Socioeconomic factors, Vehicle sharing |
| Date: | 2019–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt3c16j41s&r=all |
| By: | Paul Collier (Department of Economics and Public Policy Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford) |
| Abstract: | Oil rents are set to wane. In the MENA Region, the legacy of four decades of dependence on oil is an economy that is not generating enough opportunities for productive employment. This paper set out a policy agenda for gradual change that is cumulatively transformative. Directly, productivity can be increased by encouraging clusters of firms capable of innovation, linked to vocational training that equips a workforce with the skills that firms need. But the socio-political transformation from a rent-seeking economy to a skill-based economy is more complex, requiring both cultural and institutional change. This cannot be planned in detail: a transformation is a unique event subject to radical uncertainty. It calls for a process of rapid social learning based on experimentation. As the society adapts, new opportunities open, and the next steps clarify. I give examples of how an adaptable framework has been built elsewhere. |
| Date: | 2019–08–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:erg:wpaper:1331&r=all |
| By: | Ahundjanov, Behzod B.; Akhundjanov, Sherzod B. |
| Keywords: | Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291112&r=all |
| By: | Catherine Locatelli (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Mehdi Abbas (Pacte, Laboratoire de sciences sociales - UPMF - Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 - UJF - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 - IEPG - Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Ce cahier de recherche vise à appliquer les problématisations des nouvelles approches de l'interdépendance (New Interdependence Approches – NIA selon l'acronyme anglais) aux enjeux relatifs à la régulation internationale de l'énergie et ce à partir d'un cas d'étude : la relation gazière entre l'UE et la Russie. Les interdépendances entre l'UE et ses fournisseurs extérieurs en matière de gaz naturel, au premier rang desquels figure la Russie, posent la question de la confrontation de préférences contradictoires des acteurs impliqués dans l'échange. L'interdépendance conflictuelle recèle un « effet transformatif » sur les régulations, les systèmes institutionnels et les politiques énergétiques de la Russie et de l'UE. Les deux modèles institutionnels font l'objet de changements incrémentaux porteurs de conséquences importantes. Dans l'interdépendance, la politique énergétique russe et les stratégies des acteurs russes se transforment pour faire place à un certain degré de concurrence. A l'inverse, il semble que de manière croissante celle de l'UE intègre des préoccupations d'ordre stratégique et d'économie politique qui ne se justifient pas par les seules considérations de création d'un marché unique et concurrentiel. |
| Date: | 2019–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-02272187&r=all |
| By: | Ifft, Jennifer E.; Yu, Ao |
| Keywords: | Resource/ Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–06–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea19:291232&r=all |
| By: | Bardt, Hubertus; Schaefer, Thilo |
| Abstract: | In der Diskussion um die Bepreisung von Kohlendioxidemissionen gibt es unterschiedliche Vorschläge von der Erweiterung des europäischen Emissionshandels über einen zusätzlichen Emissionshandel für Verkehr und Wärmeerzeugung bis hin zu einer Besteuerung von Kohlendioxid. All dies hat zum Ziel, den Emissionen einen angemessenen Preis zu geben. Zumeist wird dabei aber nicht berücksichtigt, dass es bereits eine Reihe von sehr unterschiedlichen CO2-Preisen gibt. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwkkur:492019&r=all |
| By: | Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe; Breustedt, Gunnar; Herrmann, Claus-Christoph; Schreiner , Julia |
| Abstract: | Die Nutzung von Moorflächen ist eine der größten Treibhausgasquellen in der deutschen Landwirtschaft. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde mit Hilfe eines Discrete Choice Experimentes untersucht, welche Präferenzen 79 Landwirte mit Grünlandnutzung in norddeutschen Mooren für unterschiedliche Ausgestaltungen von Moorschutzverträgen haben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Landwirte für Wasserstandanhebungen bis 20 cm unter Flur im Winter und 40 cm im Sommer bei erlaubter organischer Düngung sowie ein Umbruchsverbot bei der Grünlanderneuerung vergleichsweise einfach zu gewinnen sein dürften. Die Durchsetzung von vollständigen Düngungsverboten und die langfristige Unterschutzstellung (20 Jahre oder länger) der Flächen würden in freiwilligen Maßnahmen allerdings teuer werden. Beide Maßnahmen zusammen führen im Durchschnitt der Landwirte zu Zahlungsforderungen von 1000 bis 2000 €/ha pro Jahr. Ein vollständiges Verbot der Grünlanderneuerung kommt mit weiteren ca. 200 €/ha/a hinzu. Eine umbruchlose Nachsaat hingegen wird kaum als Einschränkung gesehen. Ferner scheint es sinnvoll zu sein, die intrinsische Motivation der Landwirte zu berücksichtigen. Boni von bis zu 100 €/ha/a für die Teilnahme arrondierter Flächen sind nicht signifikant. Zusammenfassend hat die Studie für die Gestaltung freiwilliger Moorschutzverträge wichtige Erkenntnisse über die Auflagen geliefert, für die die Landwirte besonders hohe Kompensationen verlangen würden. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2019–08–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gewi19:292276&r=all |
| By: | Bardt, Hubertus |
| Abstract: | Die steigenden Anforderungen an einen effizienten Umgang mit Energie und der Druck zur Reduktion von Treibhausgasemissionen betrifft in der Industrie insbesondere die energieintensiven Branchen. Die kostenseitige Verschlechterung der Standortbedingungen und die steigenden Unsicherheiten treffen die Branchen in Zeiten des Umbruchs und bei teilweise globalen Überkapazitäten. Höhere Kosten oder Kostenrisiken setzen sie weiter unter Druck. Schon in den letzten Jahren ist der Kapitalstock energieintensiver Branchen in vielen europäischen Ländern deutlich gesunken. |
| Date: | 2019 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwkkur:522019&r=all |